EDUCATION REFORMReform, Reinvention, or Retrenchment?

A Brief History• Education of Students• Education of Teachers• History of Reform

• Dimensions• Reform of Schooling• Reform of Teaching• Reform of Teacher Education

Dimensions of Education Reform: Class, Power, War & Revolution

• Reform of schooling• Who is served?

• From elites to class division• Early History and European Models (cf. Guisepi, 2007)

• Antiguity• the church to the nobility (cf. Weber,Institute .2014)

• U.S. Model (Horace Mann)• Industrial Revolution• Need for educated workforce

• Education of diverse learners• Bilingual/ESL

• Early Bilingual Education• Early ESL (MN case, Holmquist, 1981)• 1974 (Lau v Nichols) 1975 BEA

• Disability• Institutional• Special Education (1973, 1975-2004

• Desegregation• Civil War: Revolution and Reconstruction• Jim Crow• Brown v. Bd of Ed.• Progress and Re-segregation

How should schools be organized?• Private schooling to public schooling

• Role of charter schools

What constitutes academic progress?• From Liberal Arts to Basic Skills

• Literacy Debate• Reading• Cultural

• Accountability• Nation At Risk (1983)• State Standards• No Child Left Behind (2001)• Privatization

Reform teaching• Professional Development• Instructional Strategies

• Band wagons• Nature of evidence

Reform teacher education• Normal Schools• “Accountability” (Barrera, 2015)• Standards

Resurgence: A movement for public education

• Opposing privatization• Unions, Students, and Teacher Effectiveness• Role of Students, Parents, & Communities