18
Reaching the marginalized Kevin Watkins Washington, 20 January 2010 EFA Global Monitoring Report 2 0 1 0

EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

  • Upload
    lehanh

  • View
    214

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Reaching the marginalized

Kevin WatkinsWashington,

20 January 2010

EFA Global Monitoring Report 2 0 1 0

Page 2: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

Progress on the six EFA goals

Page 3: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

Monitoring progress on the EFA goals

1. Education disadvantage starts in the womb ‐ Free maternal and child health care are an education imperative.

2. UPE ‐ Progress is uneven and pace has slowed – out‐of‐school numbers falling too slowly for 2015 goal. Some higher income countries are off track (Turkey/Philippines).

3. Need to strengthen links between TVET provision and employment, second chance options, and informal sector. 

4. About 759 million adults lack literacy skills today. 

5. Gender gaps are narrowing, but there is a parity gap of 6 million

6. Achievement disparities outweigh enrolment inequalities. 

Page 4: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

56 million

8 million

23 million

Rest of the World

South and West Asia39 million

Sub‐Saharan Africa45 million

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Out-of-schoolchildren

(millions)

East Asia and the Pacific

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

32

18

9

63

72 million

1999

6

84

105 million

Out-of-school children

Arab States Latin America and the Caribbean

Numbers of out‐of‐school children are declining

East Asia and the PacificArab States Latin America and the Caribbean

But still 56 million children out of school in 2015, and real numbers could be much higher

Page 5: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

The global quality divide

In Ghana, nearly 90% of 8th grade students score below the low

benchmark

Page 6: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

Reaching the marginalized 

Page 7: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

Marginalization in education

What is it?“Clearly remediable injustices around us which we want to eliminate” The idea of justice, Amartya Sen

The Report focuses on:1. Measuring marginalization – new national data 

(DME data set)2. Drivers of marginalization – causes such as poverty, 

gender, language, location, disability which intersect –and are reinforced by social attitudes

3. Remedies – Policies for reaching and teaching the marginalized

Page 8: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

Richest 20%

Poorest 20%

Poor, rural Hausa girls

Rich, rural girls

Poor, urban boys

Poor, rural girls

Nigeria

Rural Hausa

Rich, urban boys

Urban

Rural

Urban

Rural

Rich, rural boys

C. A. R.

Chad

Bangladesh

Cameroon

Honduras

IndonesiaBolivia

Cuba

Ukraine

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Average

 num

ber of years of schoo

ling

Education poverty

Extreme education poverty

3.3 years

6.4 years

3.5 years

9.7 years

0.5 years

10.3 years

2.6 years

0.3 years

BoysGirls

6.7 years

10 years

Education marginalization – inequalities within countries

The case of Nigeria

Page 9: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

• In Kenya, 96% of rural Somali girls (aged 17‐22) have less than 2 years of education. • The current primary net attendance  rate for Somali girls is only 30%.

20%

31%

17%

8%

25%

57%

73%

84%

96%

97%

Nigeria

Kenya

Ghana

Pakistan

India

Group average

Country average

Extreme education poverty% with less than 2 years of education

(age 17-22)

, poor, Hausa, girls

, rural, Somali, girls

, northern region, rural, girls

, rural, Sindhi, girls

, poor, Uttar Pradesh, girls

Overlapping disadvantage influence years in school

Page 10: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

Getting left behind – drivers of marginalization

What are the causes?Educational marginalization driven by interacting layers of disadvantage

Five key processes which drive marginalization:1. Poverty, vulnerability and child labour2. Group‐based disadvantages3. Location and livelihoods4. Disability5. HIV and AIDs

Page 11: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

Leveling the playing field

The learning environment

Accessibility and affordability

Entitlements and opportunities

Three broad sets of policies which can combat marginalization

The inclusive education triangle

Page 12: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

The aid compact: falling short of commitments

Page 13: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

3.2 3.4 3.4 4.5 5.64.0

5.54.3

3.2

8.27.6 7.9

9.510.4

12.0

9.9

12.3 12.1

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Cons

tant

200

7 U

S$ b

illio

ns

Total aid to basic education

Total aid to education

Aid to basic education – a worrying picture?

Disbursements are rising , but...Aid commitments to basic education fell by 22% in 2007, to US$4.3 billion

Commitments

Currently US$2.7 billion in aid to basic education for 46 low income countries 

Page 14: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

The Education for All financing gap

The EFA financing gap = 2% of bank rescue effort in the US and UK

Additional aid tobasic educationif Gleneaglescommitments are metIn 2010

Current aid to basiceducation

Aidshortfall

$ 11 billion 

Estimated current resources$ 12 billion

Additionalresources fromprioritization

EFAfinancing 

gap 

$ 16 billion

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

$ 3 billion

$ 4 billion 

Average annual resources neededto finance EFA (2009‐2015)

US$ 36 billion

Additionalresources fromgrowth

$ 3 billion

$ 2 billion

Page 15: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

The multilateral architecture – needs reform

The Fast Track Initiative (FTI) has made some important achievements, with – good practice (support for national planning)

– US $491 million disbursed through the Catalytic Fund

Major challenges– Poor disbursement record and low political support

– No funding from private or philanthropic sources

– Conflict‐affected countries are weakly covered

Reform priorities– Lessons drawn from global health funds

– Greater political leadership and revitalized agenda in 2010

Page 16: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010

Rising to the EFA challenge

Page 17: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

Education for All Global M

onito

ring

 Rep

ort 2

010 Set equity‐based targets for all EFA goals and monitor their 

progress.

Identify the drivers of marginalization for specific groups and adopt integrated policies that address them.

Integrate provision by NGOs within national education systems and expand the entitlements of the marginalized.

Increase resource mobilization and strengthen equity in public spending.

Honour aid commitments and strengthen the multilateralarchitecture for aid to education.

Convene a high‐level pledging event linked to the 2010 Millennium Development Goals summit.

Conclusions

Page 18: EFA 2 0 1 0 Monitoring Report - Brookings Institution · PDF fileSome higher income ... Policies for reaching and teaching the ... Monitoring Report 2010 The Education for All financing

www.efareport.unesco.org

EFA Global Monitoring Report 2 0 1