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EFEK EKSTRAK RIMPANG TEMU PUTIH TERHADAP KADAR
KREATININ DAN KADAR UREUM PADA TIKUS JANTAN GALUR
WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) MODEL GAGAL GINJAL YANG DI
INDUKSI GENTAMISIN
HALAMAN JUDUL
SKRIPSI
Untuk Memenuhi Sebagai Persyaratan
Mencapai Derajat Sarjana Kedokteran
Diajukan Oleh :
Daniar Rahma Amelia
J500150062
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2019
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
iii
PERNYATAAN
iv
MOTTO
“Maka sesungguhnya bersama kesulitan itu ada kemudahan. Sesungguhnya
bersama kesulitan itu ada kemudahan,” (QS. Al-Insyiroh:5-6)
“Jangan Korbankan Prinsip Demi Toleransi” – Moh. Said
v
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullohi wabarokatuh
Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala berkah dan karunia-Nya,
sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan judul “ Pengaruh Ekstrak
Rimpang Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria) terhadap Kadar Kreatinin Darah dan
Kadar Ureum Darah pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar (Rattus novergicus) Model
Gagal Ginjal yang diinduksi Gentamisin”.
Tujuan dari penyusunan skripsi ini adalah untuk memenuhi tugas dan
melengkapi syarat dalam menempuh program pendidikan sarjana Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta atas selesainya penyusunan
skripsi ini, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :
1. Prof. Dr. dr. EM Sutrisna, M.Kes. selaku Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
2. Prof. Dr. dr. EM Sutrisna, M.Kes. selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah
memberikan pengarahan, saran, serta dukungan yang berarti kepada penulis
hingga akhir penulisan skripsi ini.
3. dr. Devi Usdiana R, M.Sc. dan dr. Dodik Nursanto, M. Biomed selaku Dosen
Penguji 1 dan Dosen penguji 2 , terima kasih atas bimbingan dan arahan selama
proses penyusunan skripsi.
4. dr. Erika Diana Risanti, M.Sc. selaku Ketua Biro Skripsi Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta yang telah membantu dalam perizinan
dan bimbingan skripsi.
5. Seluruh Dosen Pengajar yang telah memberkati ilmu kepada penulis. Ilmu ini
sangat bermanfaat bagi penulis.
6. Kedua orangtua, Bapak H. Wahidin dan Ibu Hj. Maryati yang selalu meberikan
kasih sayang, do’a, semangat, dan dukungan moril maupun materil. Kakakku
(Andina Nurul Aini) beserta keluarga yang secara tidak langsung telah banyak
memberikan semangat dan do’a sehingga skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan.
vi
vii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. ii
PERNYATAAN ..................................................................................................... iii
MOTTO.................................................................................................................. iv
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ v
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................... x
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ xii
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... xiii
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................................... 2
C. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................... 3
D. Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 3
BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................ 4
A. Landasan Teori .............................................................................................. 4
1. Gagal Ginjal Kronik ................................................................................. 4
2. Gagal Ginjal Akut..................................................................................... 9
3. Gentamisin .............................................................................................. 13
4. Temu putih.............................................................................................. 15
B. Kerangka Teori ............................................................................................ 18
C. Hipotesis ...................................................................................................... 19
BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN....................................................................... 20
A. Jenis penelitian ............................................................................................ 20
B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ...................................................................... 20
C. Subjek penelitian ......................................................................................... 20
D. Hewan Uji .................................................................................................... 20
E. Teknik Sampling .......................................................................................... 20
F. Besar Sample ............................................................................................... 20
G. Kriteria Restriksi .......................................................................................... 21
H. Variabel penelitian ....................................................................................... 21
I. Definisi operasional ..................................................................................... 21
J. Alat, Bahan dan Cara Kerja ......................................................................... 22
1. Alat –alat yang digunakan ...................................................................... 22
viii
2. Bahan yang digunakan ........................................................................... 23
3. Cara kerja................................................................................................ 23
K. Analisis hasil ................................................................................................ 27
L. Alur penelitian ............................................................................................. 28
M. Jadwal Penelitian ......................................................................................... 29
BAB IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................. 30
A. Hasil ............................................................................................................. 30
B. Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 36
BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................... 39
A. Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 39
B. Saran ............................................................................................................ 39
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 40
LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 43
ix
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. Stadium Gagal Ginjal berdasar derajat penyakit ........................................... 4
Tabel 2. Nilai rujukan kadar Ureum (Verdiansah, 2016) ............................................ 7
Tabel 3.Nilai rujukan Klirens Kreatinin (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia,2011) ...................................................................................................... 7
Tabel 4. Nilai rujukan Kadar Kreatinin (Verdiansah, 2016) ........................................ 7
Tabel 5. Nilai Rujukan Asam Urat (Verdiansah,2016) ................................................ 8
Tabel 6. The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Criteria For The Definition And
Classification Of AKI (I.E. RIFLE Criteria) (Surachno & Bandiara,2014) .......... 9
Tabel 7. Jadwal Penelitian ......................................................................................... 29
Tabel 8. Data perbandingan kreatinin awal dan setelah perlakuan pada masing-masing
kelompok hewan uji (mean±SD) (n=5) ................................................................ 30
Tabel 9. Data perbandingan ureum awal dan setelah perlakuan pada masing-masing
kelompok hewan uji (mean±SD) (n=5) ................................................................ 31
Tabel 10. Hasil Uji Normalitas Kadar Kreatinin dan Kadar Ureum dengan Uji Saphiro-
Wilk ...................................................................................................................... 33
Tabel 11. Hasil Uji Test of Homogenety of Variance dengan Uji Levene Statistic ... 34
Tabel 12. Hasil Uji Oneway Anova ........................................................................... 34
Tabel 13. Hasil Analisis Uji LSD (Least Significant Differemces) Kreatinin ........... 35
Tabel 14. Hasil Analisi Uji LSD (Least Significant Difference) Ureum ................... 35
x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Nilai Konversi Dosis Manusia dan Hewan ........................................... 43
Lampiran 2. Volume Maksimum Larutan yang Diberikan Pada Hewan Uji ............. 44
Lampiran 3. Perbandingan Kreatinin Dan Ureum Awal dan Posttest ....................... 45
Lampiran 4. Uji Normalitas Data ............................................................................... 47
Lampiran 5.Test Homogenity of Variances ............................................................... 48
Lampiran 6. Uji Oneway Anova ................................................................................ 49
Lampiran 7. Analisis Post-Hoc dengan LSD (Least Significant Difference) ............ 50
Lampiran 8. Hasil Kreatinin Darah dan Ureum Darah .............................................. 53
Lampiran 9. Surat Selesai Penelitian ......................................................................... 54
Lampiran 10. Surat Kode Etik ................................................................................... 56
Lampiran 11. Gambar Penelitian .............................................................................. 57
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1. Temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe.) ............................ 15
gambar 2. Pengeringan Simplisia ...................................................................... 57
gambar 3. Perendaman Simplisia ...................................................................... 57
gambar 4. Inkubasi simplisia ............................................................................. 57
gambar 5. Penimbangan ekstrak ........................................................................ 57
gambar 6. Penyuntikan gentamicin intraperitoneal ........................................... 57
gambar 7. Pemberaian ekstrak peroral ............................................................... 57
xii
EFEK EKSTRAK RIMPANG TEMU PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria)
TERHADAP KADAR KREATININ DAN UREUM PADA TIKUS JANTAN
GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) MODEL GAGAL GINJAL YANG
DI INDUKSI GENTAMISIN
Daniar Rahma Amelia
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria) memiliki beberapa kandungan
diantaranya kurkumin, flavonoid, minyak atsiri. Kandungan kurkumin pada Temu
putih (Curcuma zedoaria) memliki fungsi sebagai protektor terhadap ginjal
sehingga dapat menurunkan kadar kreatinin dan kadar ureum
Tujuan : Mengetahui efek Ekstrak Rimpang Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria)
terhadap kadar kreatinin darah dan ureum darah tikus jantan galur Wistar yang
diinduksi gentamisin.
Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental dengan metode pre and posttest with
controlled group design. Hewan uji yang digunakan 25 ekor tikus jantan galur
Wistar dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok I=kelompok aquadest,
kelompok II= kelompok gentamicin, kelompok III=kelompok gentamicin+Ekstrak
rimpang temu putih 20mg/200gBb, kelompok IV=kelompok gentamicin+ekstrak
rimpang temu putih 40mg/200gBb, dan kelompok V=kelompok
gentamicin+ekstrak rimpang temu putih 80mg/200gB.
Hasil : Hasil uji Oneway Anova pada kreatinin nilai p=0,001 (p<0,05) dan pada
ureum nilai p=0,003 (p<0,05) yang berarti terdapat perbedaan efek terhadap
kreatinin dan ureum antar kelompok. Kemudian dilanjutkan analisis Post-Hoc uji
LSD antar kelompok kadar kreatinin dan kadar ureum terdapat perbedaan bermakna
antar kelompok.
Kesimpulan : Ekstrak rimpang temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria) dosis
80mg/200gBb memiliki efek tertinggi terhadap kadar kreatinin darah dan ureum
darah tikus jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi gentamicin.
Kata kunci : ekstrak rimpang temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria), kadar kreatinin
darah, kadar ureum darah.
xiii
THE EFFECT EXTRACT OF WHITE TURMERIC’S RHIZOME
(Curcuma zedoaria) TOWARD CREATININ LEVEL AND UREUM LEVEL
ON MALE RATS WISTAR STRAIN (Rattus novergicus) RENAL FAILURE
MODEL INDUCED BY GENTAMICIN
Daniar Rahma Amelia
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ABSTRACT
Background : White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) has several content including
curcumin, flavonoid, atsiri oil. The content of curcumin on White turmeric
(Curcuma zedoaria) has a function as a protection of renal so that it can decrease
creatinine levels and ureum levels.
Objective : To investigate the effect of white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) on the
reduction of blood creatinine level and ureum level of white male wistar rat that
induced by gentamicin.
Method : This research used pre and post test with controlled group design. The
animals used on this test were 25 Wistar male white rats, divided into 5 treatment
groups. Group I= aquadest group, group II= gentamicin group, group
III=gentamicin+extract white turmeric’s rhizome 20mg/200gBb, group
IV=gentamicin+extract white turmeric’s rhizome 40mg/200gBb, group
V=gentamicin+extract white turmeric’s rhizome 80mg/200gBb.
Result : Oneway Anova test result on creatinine level p=0,001 (p<0,05) and on
ureum level p=0,003 (p<0,05) which means that there is different effect of
creatinine level and ureum level reduction between the groups. Then followed by
Post-Hoc analysis of LSD (Least Significant Difference) test between post-test
group on creatinine level and ureum level there were significant differences
between groups.
Conclusion: The extract of white turmeric’s rhizome(Curcuma zedoaria) used at
dose 80mg/200gBW can decreased blood creatinine level and ureum level on
Wistar male white rats that induced by gentamicin.
Keyword : White turmeric’rhizome extract (Curcuma zedoaria), blood creatinine
level, blood ureum level