TO STUDY THE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE USING RICE HUSK ASH AND RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATES AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT AND

COARSE AGGREGATES

Mid Term Presentation

By Kashish Gupta

(Uni. Reg. No. 1167813)

Supervisor Manish Bhutani

Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Civil Engineering

DAV Institute Of Engineering & Technology, Jalandhar – 144 011

CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Review of Literature

3. Need and Significance

4. Objectives

5. Problem Formulation

6. Experimental Programme

Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction

material. It is obtained by mixing cement, fine aggregates,

coarse aggregates and water in required proportions.

The mixture when placed in forms and allowed to cure

becomes hard like stone.

The hardening is caused by chemical action between water

and the cement and it continues for a long time, and

consequently the concrete grows stronger with age

INTRODUCTION

The strength, durability and other characteristics of concrete

depend upon:

the properties of its ingredients,

the proportions of mix,

the method of compaction and

other controls during placing, compaction and curing.

INTRODUCTION

Concrete is widely used for making: Buildings, foundations, brick/block walls,  pavements, bridges/overpasses, highways, runways,  parking structures,  dams, pools/reservoirs, etc..Concrete is used in large quantities almost everywhere mankind has a need for infrastructure.

INTRODUCTION

Since the large demand has been placed on building material industry

especially in the last decade, owing to the increasing population which

causes a chronic shortage of building materials.

The civil engineers have been challenged to convert the industrial wastes

such as fly ash, rice husk ash, paper pulp, marble powder, tiles, rubber

tyres, broken glass, quarry dust etc. to useful construction materials.

Furthermore, one of the most critical problems of the world has been

related to remove the wastage and reusing of it.

INTRODUCTION

• These wastes are heavy, having high density, often bulky and

occupy considerable storage space and are mostly unsuitable for

disposal by incineration or composting.

• Concrete and masonry constitute more than 50% of waste

generated by the construction industry.

• Estimated waste generation during construction is 40 to 60 Kg/m2.

• The total quantum of waste from construction industry is

estimated to be 12 to 14.7 million tons per annum.

 

INFLUENCE OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE

INFLUENCE OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE• This huge amount of productions has caused them to be among the

most commonly-consumed materials in the world.

• The growing population in the country and requirement of land for

other uses has reduced the availability of land for waste disposal.

• Test results of aggregate properties and concrete properties prove,

repeatedly recycled concrete to be both durable and of good quality

in all respects.

• Upto 30% of natural coarse aggregate can be substituted, by coarse

recycled aggregate, without any impact on the quality of concrete.

INFLUENCE OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE• Rice husk ash (RHA) is bio-organic nano SiO2 produced by controlled

burning of rice husk and has high pozzolanic activity.

• India is the second largest producer of rice, next to China.

• Rice husk composes of organic constituents such as cellulose, lignin,

fibre, and small amounts of protein and fat and certain range of minerals

that include silica, alumina and iron oxides.

• It is estimated that 1,000 kg of rice grain produce 200 kg of Rice Husk;

after Rice Husk is burnt, about 20 percent of the Rice Husk or 40 kg

would become Rice Husk Ash.

INFLUENCE OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

• The Food and Agriculture Organization’s forecast of global rice production

over the 2009 season was 678 million tonnes, about 20% of which is rice

husk which is typically a waste material from the point view point of

industrial and agricultural processes.

• It is used as a highly reactive pozzolanic material to improve the

microstructure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the cement

paste and the aggregate in self compacting concrete.

• The advancement of concrete technology can reduce the consumption of

natural resources and energy sources which in turn further lessen the

burden of pollutants on the environment.

INFLUENCE OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

• This not only makes the purposeful utilization of agricultural waste but it

will also reduce the consumption of energy used in the production of

cement. In addition to forming dust in summer and threatening both

agriculture and public health.

• Therefore, Rice Husk is an agro based product which can be used as a

substitute of cement without sacrificing the strength and durability.

• Now-a-days the cost of material is increasing so if we use the waste

material in the production of the concrete so we decrease the price. In

India, million tons of wastes from agriculture as well as construction are

being released.

LITERATURE REVIEW

This section deals with the review of development of concrete using : rice husk ash and recycled coarse aggregates.

LITERATURE REVIEW• Ephraim, E. M., Akeke, A. G., Ukpata, O. J., (2012). • Study conducted on compressive strength of concrete with rice husk

ash as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement.

The specific gravity of RHA was found to be 1.55, the density of RHA

concrete was found to be 2.043, 1.912 and 1.932kg/m3 at 10%, 20% and

25% replacement percentages respectively

RHA concrete was found to be very workable with a slump value of

over 100mm

It was found that, compressive strength values at 28days were found to

be 38.4, 36.5 and 33N/mm2 at the replacement percentages of 10%,

20% and 30% respectively.

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Kishore, R., Bhikshma, V., and Prakash, J. P., (2011)

• Investigated strength characteristics of high strength rice husk ash concrete

with different replacement levels of ordinary Portland cement.

The standard cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm), cylinders (150 mm dia. x

300 mm height) and prisms (100 mm x 100 mm x 500mm) were casted.

The strength effect of High-strength concrete of various amounts of

replacement of cement viz., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% with RHA of both the grades

i.e M40 & M50.

The optimum replacement of RHA was found to be 10% in both the grades of

the concrete.

LITERATURE REVIEW• Givi, N. A., Rashid, A. S., Aziz, A. N. F., and Salleh M. A. M.

(2010). • Studied the compressive strength, water permeability and workability of

concrete by partial replacement of cement with agro-waste rice husk ash.

Two types of rice husk ash with average particle size of 5 micron (ultra fine

particles) and 95 micron.

Four different contents of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight were used.

The ultimate strength of concrete was gained at 10% of cement replacement

by ultra fine rice husk ash particles whereas velocity and coefficient of water

absorption significantly decreased with 10% cement replacement by ultra

fine rice husk ash.

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Sivakumar, N., Muthukumar, S., Sivakumar, V., Gowtham, D., and

Muthuraj V (2014). • Studied the experimental Studies on High Strength Concrete by using Recycled Coarse

Aggregate.

The experimental investigation were carried out using detailed strength and durability related

tests such as compressive strength test of cubes, split tensile strength test of cylinders,

modulus of elasticity tests acid resistance test, test for saturated water absorption and porosity.

The tests were conducted by replacing the coarse aggregates in high strength concrete mixes

by 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of recycled coarse aggregates.

A 50% replaced mix with reduced w/c ratio was also tested. From the experimental

investigation it was found that recycled coarse aggregates can be used for making high

strength concretes by adjusting the w/c ratio and admixture contents of the mix.

LITERATURE REVIEW• Puri, N., Kumar, B., and Tyagi, H., (2013)• Studied the utilization of Recycled Wastes as ingredients in Concrete Mix.

The performance of M25 concrete made by partially replacing aggregates with

waste materials like construction debris.

The resultant concrete was tested for parameters like weight, compressive

strength, slump and workability and compared with conventional plain cement

concrete.

It has been observed that the use of waste materials results in the formation of

light weight concrete.

There is a considerable increase in the compressive strength of concrete when the

coarse aggregates are fully or partially replaced with construction debris

A minor reduction in workability of the concrete mix was observed.

LITERATURE REVIEW

• C P Yong et.al (2009) • In this study, the utilization of recycled aggregates as coarse aggregate in

concrete. Concrete is produced with partial replacement of 0%, 50% and 100% of RCA. The compressive strength with 100% replacement of RCA has the highest

28day strength which reaches 57.99 MPa respectively and it is in close proximity with 50% replacement of RCA.

Split Tensile strength is higher than control concrete in case of 100% replacementof RCA and with 50% replacement of RCA is same as control concrete.

The performance of RCA in terms of Flexural strength is not as good as the performance in terms of compressive strength and split tensile strength.

OBJECTIVES

1. To study the compressive strength of concrete cube

containing rice husk ash of 5%, 10% and 15% as partial

replacement of cement incorporating 15%, 30% and 45% of

recycled coarse aggregates as partial replacement of Natural

coarse aggregates.

2. To study the split tensile strength of cylindrical specimen

containing rice husk ash of 5%, 10% and 15% as partial

replacement of cement incorporating 15%, 30% and 45% of

recycled coarse aggregates as partial replacement of Natural

coarse aggregates.

OBJECTIVES

3. To study the flexural strength of beams specimen

containing rice husk ash of 5%, 10% and 15% as partial

replacement of cement incorporating 15%, 30% and 45%

of recycled coarse aggregates as partial replacement of

Natural coarse aggregates.

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME To achieve the objectives, an experimental program will

be planned to investigate strength properties of concrete

containing:

Rice Husk Ash as partial replacement of Cement, and

Recycled Coarse Aggregate as partial replacement of

Natural Coarse Aggregates.

Experimental Programme is divided into two phases

Phase I: Properties of Material to be use.

Phase II: Properties of Concrete Mix.

MATERIALS USEDCEMENT Ordinary Portland Cement (43 Grade)

FINE AGGREGATE River sand was used as Fine aggregates

COARSE AGGREGATE

Locally available crushed stone aggregates

RICE HUSK ASH KGR Agro Fusions Pvt. Ltd. Ludhiana

RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE

Locally available from Construction site and RMC Plants.

SUPER PLASTICIZER CICO PLAST SUPER K-352

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME1) CEMENT: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 43 grade

was used throughout the course of the investigation.

Table 1: Physical Properties of Cement

Sr. No. Properties Observations

1 Fineness (90 micron IS Sieve) 4 %

2 Initial setting time 58 min.

3 Final setting time 375 min.

4 Standard consistency 33 %

5 Specific Gravity 3.07

6 28-days compressive strength 44.6 Mpa

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME2) FINE AGGREGATES: Locally available river sand passed

through 4.75 mm IS sieve was used as fine aggregate.

Table 2: Physical Properties of Fine Aggregate

S. No. Properties Observations

1 Fineness Modulus 2.715

2 Specific Gravity 2.67

3 Bulk Density 1667 kg/m3

4 Water Absorption 1.02 %

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME3) COARSE AGGREGATES: The coarse aggregates used,

were obtained from local quarry. The nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate was 12.5mm.

Table 3: Physical Properties of Coarse Aggregate

S. No. Properties Observations

1 Fineness Modulus 7.36

2 Specific Gravity 2.80

3 Bulk Density 1720 kg/m3

4 Water Absorption 0.806%

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME4) RICE HUSK ASH: Rice Husk Ash was collected from the

factory which was procured from Ludhiana. It was sieved by IS-90 micron sieve before mixing in concrete

Table 4: Physical Properties of Rice Husk Ash

S. No. Properties Observations

1 Color Greyish Black

2 Form Powder

3 Specific Gravity 2.13

Rice Husk Ash

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME5) RECYCLED COARSE AGGRREGATE: The concrete wastes were obtained from a local building that has been demolished and RMC plant. The waste concrete are crushed into pieces manually. The aggregates passing through IS sieve 20mm and retained on 12.5mm.

Table 5: Physical Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate

S. No. Properties Observations1. Fineness modulus of recycled coarse

aggregate8.19

2. Specific gravity of recycled coarse aggregate

2.46

3. Bulk density of recycled coarse aggregate 1388 kg/m3

4. Water absorption of recycled coarse aggregate

0.60 %

Recycled Coarse Aggregate

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME6) SUPER PLASTICIZER: The Super-Plasticizer used in this

study was CICO PLAST SUPER K-352 is new generation of concrete admixture.

Table 6: Properties of CICO PLAST SUPER K-352

S. No. Properties Observations

1 Specific Gravity 1.19 +/- 0.01

2 pH value > 6

3 Chloride Content < 0.1 %

Concrete Mix Design of M25 Grade:

Table 7: MIX PROPORTION Material Ratio kg/m3

Cement Content 1 351

Fine Aggregates Content 2.03 718.60

Coarse Aggregates Content 3.53 1283.13

Water 0.45 157.73

The detail of Concrete Mix Design for M25 Grade of Concrete

done as per IS 10262:2009 is given in Table.

Table 9: Detail of Mix Designations

Mix ID

Cementitious ContentFine

Aggregates

Coarse Aggregates

Cement Rice Husk Ash Natural Coarse Aggregate

Recycled Coarse

AggregateMX1 100 0 100 100 0

MX2 95 5 100 85 15

MX3 95 5 100 70 30

MX4 95 5 100 55 45

MX5 90 10 100 85 15

MX6 90 10 100 70 30

MX7 90 10 100 55 45

MX8 85 15 100 85 15

MX9 85 15 100 70 30

MX10 85 15 100 55 45

Workability of Concrete Mixes

Workability is the most elusive property of concrete.

In simplest form, a concrete is said to be workable if it can

be easily mixed, handled, transported, placed in position and

compacted.

More precisely, it defines that it can be fully compacted with

minimum energy input.

To achieve the required slump Superplasticizer, CICO

PLAST SUPER K-352 @ 0.2%- 0.3% by weight of binder

was added to concrete mix.

Table 10: Slump Value for different Concrete Mix

Mix

ID

Cement Rice Husk

Ash

Fine

Aggregate

Coarse

Aggregate

Recycled Coarse

Aggregate

Slump

(mm) 

MX1 100 0 100 100 0 123

MX2 95 5 100 85 15 118

MX3 95 5 100 70 30 110

MX4 95 5 100 55 45 102

MX5 90 10 100 85 15 115

MX6 90 10 100 70 30 110

MX7 90 10 100 55 45 95

MX8 85 15 100 85 15 110

MX9 85 15 100 70 30 100

MX10 85 15 100 55 45 88

Compressive Strength Test of Concrete Mixes

Compressive strength tests were conducted on concrete

cubes of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm cast from concrete of

each series, to check quality by obtaining the 28-days

compressive strength.

The compressive strength test was conducted at curing

ages of 7 days and 28 days. Variation of compressive

strength of all the mixes cured at 7 and 28 days is also

shown.

Table 11: Compressive Strength Values for various Concrete Mix

Mix ID Cement Rice Husk Ash

Fine Agg.

Coarse Agg.

Recycled Coarse

Aggregate

Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

7 days 28 days

MX1 100 0 100 100 0 22.67 35.13MX2 95 5 100 85 15 22.05 34.80MX3 95 5 100 70 30 23.33 35.14MX4 95 5 100 55 45 22.00 34.57MX5 90 10 100 85 15 23.77 34.6MX6 90 10 100 70 30 23.89 34.69MX7 90 10 100 55 45 21.98 33.84MX8 85 15 100 85 15 20.14 33.17MX9 85 15 100 70 30 20.58 34.38MX10 85 15 100 55 45 21.09 32.67

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