Effective Learning & Teaching

Comments on Chapter 13 of

Science for All Americans

Principles of Learning 1

Learning is not necessarily an outcome of teaching

What students learn is affected by their existing ideas

Progression in learning is usually from concrete to the abstract

Principles of Learning 2

People learn to do well on what they practice doing

Effective learning by students requires feedback

Expectations affect performance

Teaching Science…1

Teaching should be consistent with the nature of science Start with questions about nature Engage students actively Concentrate on the collection and use of evidence Provide historical perspectives Insist on clear expression Use a team approach Do not separate knowledge from finding out Deemphasize the memorization of tech. vocab.

Teaching science…2

Science teaching should reflect scientific valuesWelcome curiosityReward creativityEncourage a spirit of healthy questioningAvoid dogmatismPromote aesthetic responses

Teaching science…3

Science teaching should aim to counteract learning anxietiesBuild on successProvide abundant experience in using toolsSupport the roles of women and minorities

in scienceEmphasize “group” learning

Science Teaching…4

Science teaching should extend beyond the school

Teaching should take its time.