Frederik Langhoff

Fog

You can feel it a little on your skin but the greatest impact it has on you is on your vision because fog KDV� WKH� DELOLW\� WR�GHÀHFW� OLJKW�� ,W� FDQ�PDNH� D�ZHOO�NQRZQ�SODFH�GLVDSSHDU�

Fog does not have this romantic perspective as oth-HU�ZHDWKHU�SKHQRPHQD�KDV�OLNH�VQRZ�DQG�UDLQ��<RX�GR�QRW�JHW� WKLV�FR]\�IHHOLQJ�RI�VLWWLQJ� LQVLGH�ZKLOH�WKHUH�LV�IRJ�DV�ZKHQ�LW�UDLQV��2Q�WKH�RWKHU�KDQG�IRJ�LV�DOZD\V�XVHG�WR�HPSKDVL]H�WKH�XQFRPIRUWDEOH�DQG�XQNQRZQ��\RX�GR�QRW�NQRZ�ZKDW�LV�FRPLQJ�WR�\RX�ZKHQ�\RX�ZDON�LQ�D�IRJ��$QG�\RX�FDQ�QRW�OLJKW�LW�XS�to get a better picture of your surroundings because WKH�OLJKW�LV�GHÀHFWHG�E\�WKH�IRJ�VR�\RX�JHW�D�PDVVLYH�ZDOO�RI�OLJKW�WKDW�EORFN�\RXU�YLHZ�

Phenomena

)RJ�LV�D�FORXG�WKDW�LV�QHDU�WKH�HDUWK¶V�VXUIDFH��,W�FRQVLVWV�RI�YHU\�WLQ\�ZDWHU�GURSV�WKDW�DUH�VR�OLJKW�WKDW�WKH\�FDQ�ÀRDW�DURXQG�LQ�WKH�DLU��)RJ�DSSHDUV�ZKHQ�ZDUP�DLU�LV�FRROHG��7KLV�KDSSHQ�EHFDXVH�ZDUP�DLU�FDQ�DEVRUE�PRUH�ZDWHU�YDSRU�WKDQ�FROGHU�DLU��:KHQ�WKH�DLU�LV�UHIULJHUDWHG�LW�FDQ�QRW�FRQWDLQ�DV�PXFK�ZDWHU�DQG�WKH�ZDWHU�YDSRU�KDYH�WR�FRQGHQVH��7KLV�FDQ�KDSSHQ�LQ�GLIIHUHQW�VLWXDWLRQV�IRU�H[DPSOH�LI�ZDUP�DLU�LV�EORZQ�RXW�WR�WKH�VHD�RU�RYHU�FROG�VRLO�DQG�JHWV�FRROHG�GRZQ�E\�WKH�ZDWHU�RU�WKH�VRLO��2U�ZKHQ�ZDUP�DQG�FROG�DLU�PHHWV�

7KH�IRJ�LV�PRYHG�E\�WKH�ZLQG�DQG�LW�FHDVH�ZKHQ�WKH�ZDWHU�GURSV�EHFRPH�VR�ELJ�WKDW�LW�LV�WXUQLQJ�WR�UDLQ�RU�WKHQ�WKH�DLU�LV�ZDUP�HQRXJK�WR�FRQWDLQ�WKH�ZDWHU�YDSRU�

7KH�LQWHQVLW\�RI�IRJ�GH-SHQGV�RQ�KRZ�VDWXUDWHG�WKH�DLU�LV�RI�ZDWHU�YDSRU�DQG�KRZ�UHIULJHUDWHG�WKH�DLU�EHFRPHV��7KH�JUHDWHU�the difference is the PRUH�LQWHQVH�ZRXOG�WKH�IRJ�EH�RU�WKH�ORZHU�WKH�YLVLELOLW\�

Exampel on the diversity of the visibillity

:KHQ�\RX�WXUQ�RQ�D�OLJKW�LQ�D�IRJ��WKH�IRJ�EHFRPHV�PRUH�GLI¿FXOW�WR�VHH�WKURXJK�EHFDXVH�WKH�OLJKW�LV�GHÀHFWHG�E\�WKH�ZDWHU�GURSV�LQ�WKH�DLU�ZKLFK�PDNHV�D�FORXG�RI�GLIIXVHO\�light

Body

7KH�VHQVH�ZH�DUH�PRVW�UHO\LQJ�RQ�DUH�WKH�VHQVH�RI�YLVLRQ��%XW�IRJ�UHGXFH�this sense because the visibility in fog GRHV�WKDW�\RX�FDQ�QRW�VHH�IDU��<RX�DUH�LQ�WKLV�VSDFH�ZKHUH�\RX�RQO\�FDQ�VHH�DV�IDU�DV�WKH�YLVLELOLW\�DOORZV�\RX�WR��$OO�WKH�VXUURXQGLQJV�IDGH�WR�VLOKRX-HWWHV�DQG�GLVDSSHDU��7KLV�OLWWOH�EXEEOH�you are in can make you lose your orientation and it makes you to focus RQ�WKH�WKLQJV�WKDW�LV�QHDUHVW�\RX��

:KHQ�\RXU�YLHZ�DUH�blocked your automatic FKDQJH�\RXU�ZD\�WR�PRYH�DURXQG�ZKHQ�you can not see far you can not get the same picture of your surroundings and you therefor have to rely RQ�WKH�WKLQJV�QHDU�\RX��6R�RQO\�ZKHQ�\RX�DUH�moving you peace by peace getting a picture RI�\RXU�VXUURXQGLQJV�

PRYHPHQW�LQ�FOHDU�ZHDWKHU movement in fog

7KH�EXEEOH� � � � �

Cover

<RX�FDQ�FRYHU�IURP�IURP�IRJ��,PDJLQH�D�FORVHG�VSDFH�WKHUH�WKH�PHPEUDQH�LV�PDGH�RI�SODVWLF�RI�JODVV��,Q�WKLV�VSDFH�\RX�FDQ�PDNH�WKH�IRJ�GLVDSSHDU�E\�HLWKHU�ZDUP�WKH�VSDFH��FRROHG�LW�GRZQ�EHORZ���&�RU�HPSW\�WKH�VSDFH�ZLWK�D�IDQ���%\�KHDWLQJ�XS�WKH�VSDFH�WKH�DLU�ZRXOG�DEVRUE�WKH�IRJ��,I�FRROLQJ�GRZQ�WKH�VSDFH�EHORZ���&�WKH�ZDWHU�LQ�WKH�DLU�ZRXOG�IUHH]H�DQG�HDVLHU�IDOO�WR�WKH�JURXQG�DV�IURVW��%\�XVLQJ�D�IDQ�\RX�MXVW�PRYH�WKH�IRJ��OLNH�WKH�ZLQG�GRHV��WR�DQRWKHU�SODFH�$QRWKHU�SRVVLELOLW\�WKDW�PD\�ZRUN�LV�WR�XVH�D�IDEULF�WKDW�FDQ�FDS-WXUH�WKH�WLQ\�ZDWHU�GURSV��7KH�IDEULF�PD\�KDYH�WR�EH�KXPLG�VR�WKH�ZDWHU�GURSV�DUH�FDSWXUH�E\�WKH�ZDWHU�LQ�WKH�IDEULF�

,I�\RX�XVH�WKH�PHWKRG�E\�FKDQJ-ing the temperature the mem-brane may not insulate complete-O\� DQG� WKLV�ZRXOG� HIIHFW� WKH� IRJ�outside the membrane and even-WXDOO\� FUHDWH� D� QHZ� PHPEUDQH�ZLWKRXW�D�PDWHULDO��

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7KHUH�LV�D�ORW�RI�PDWHULDO�WKDW�FDQ�FRYHU�IURP�IRJ�EXW�LW�ZRXOG�EH�LGHDO�WR�XVH�D�WUDQVSDUHQW�PDWH-ULDO�DV�SODVWLF�RU�JODVV�EHFDXVH�WKHQ�WKHUH�VWLOO�LV�D�UHODWLRQ�WR�WKH�IRJ¶V�YLVXDO�SURSHUWLHV��ZLWK�WKH�PHPEUDQH�\RX�FDQ�H[WHQG�WKH�YLVLELOLW\�RI�WKH�IRJ�E\�PDNLQJ�WKH�VSDFH�ELJJHU��

Plastic - vapor barrier

$F\O Glass Fabric

You can also choose to turn it all around DQG�VHH�WKH�IRJ�DV�D�FRYHULQJ��,W�FDQ�FRYHU�D�ODQGVFDSH�RU�D�FLW\��7KH�LQWHUUHVWLQJ�SDUW�of seeing fog as a cover is to see if you can PDNH�LW�DQG�FRQWURO�LW�\RXUVHOI��7KH�%OXU�%XLOGLQJ�LQ�6ZLW]HUODQG�XVH�IRJ�DV�D�FRYHU��7KH�HQWLUH�EXLOGLQJ�LV�FRYHUHG�E\�D�FORXG�LW�PDNHV�IURP�WKH�ODNH¶V�ZDWHU�WKDW�LW�LV�VXUURXQGHG�E\��$OVR�WKHUH�KDYH�EHHQ�VRPH�art exhibitions that had focused on fog DQG�VPRNH�DPRQJ�DUWLVW�2ODIXU�(OLDVVRQ¶V�\HOORZ�IRJ�DQG�IHHOLQJ�DUH�IDFWV��7KH�ODVW�RQH�KH�GLG�ZLWK�0D�<DQVRQJ�

)RJ�FDQ�EH�D�ELJ�SUREOHP�LQ�RXU�GDLO\�OLIH�EHFDXVH�ZH�DUH�VR�GHSHQGHQW�RQ�RXU�YLVLRQ��

<RX�FDQ�VHH�WKH�FDU�DV�H[DPSOH�RQ�D�FRYHULQJ�IURP�WKH�IRJ��,W�LV�D�FORVHG�VSDFH�ZLWK�LWV�RZQ�FOLPDWH��%XW�WKH�SUREOHP�is that the fog stills effects the cover by its visual proper-WLHV��<RX�FDQ�QRW�PRYH�DV�QRUPDO��<RX�KDYH�UHPRYHG�WKH�fog from space around you but you have not removed the SUREOHP�RI�QDYLJDWLRQ��$QG�VLQFH�LW�DOZD\V�JRHV�EDFN�WR�WKH�SUREOHP�RI�YLVLRQ�LV�WKH�LQWHUUHVWLQJ�SDUW�LQ�ZKLFK�VLWXDWLRQ�ZH�FDQ�XVH�WKHVH�SURSHUWLHV��

Asger Lymann Jespersen

Snow

Snow is one of the many forms of water, and snow itself has many different types and forms.

A landscape covered in snow gives a unique sharpening of the senses, leading to an awareness of

sounds, shapes and light; everything becomes more clean and sharp.

Snow can cover the delicate branches of a tree, and be very brittle, as the same time, as it can be a

violent destructive force ripping through the landscape as an avalanche.

Snow appears in many forms, depending on the conditions it’s in.

The different forms have different properties. Newly fallen snow,

absorb sounds very well, creating a unique atmosphere. Snow

there has been thawed and then refrozen, have a harder surface

ZKLFK�UHÀHFWV�VRXQG�GLIIHUHQWO\��The structure of snow makes is able to be compressed, and turn

into a solid. Compressed enough it can turn into ice and form

glaciers.

Snow has a insulating effect due to its high contents of air.

In nature it works as an insulator for plants and small mammals,

helping them survive, during the winter.

Snow in a greenhouse – A layer of snow is translucent, it lets lights

LQ��EXW�GRQ¶W�DOORZ�\RX�WR�VHH�WKURXJK��7KH�VQRZ�¿OWHUV��WKH�OLJKW��altering the appearance of the space.

The way snow falls is

affected by the wind.

If the weather is calm,

snow will fall like

a blanket covering

the entire landscape.

Snowfall affected by

heavy wind, can result

in areas of landscape

completely exposed

and snow inside

covered buildings.

Snowfall without wind

Snowfall with wind

Drifting snow enters woodshed through

cracks.

Snow can grow several centimeters thick

on very thin branches.

First layer of snow.

Second layer of snow.Avalanche

Snows movement can

be triggered by its own

weight, in form of an

DYDODQFKH��7KH�¿UVW�layer of snow falls and

sets, when the second

layer of snow falls, it

OD\V�RQ�WRS�RI�WKH�¿UVW�layer. The second layer

FDQ�VOLGH�RI�WKH�¿UVW�layer, when it weights

enough.

Phenomena

Snow has a very visual effect, it changes the landscape dramati-

cally. From one day to the next, everything can get covered by a

layer of snow, often it happens over night, creating a visual shock

effect in the morning.

In a snow-covered landscape everything becomes “black &

white”, the sounds changes, everything becomes quieter.

Snow makes you move differently. It depends on the type of

snow, how you move; it can be deep snow, melting snow, hard

frozen snow or drifting snow.

soundsound

Newly fallen snow Refrozen snow

Body

Snow on table – The gabs between the boards, closes when the snow builds up. The table turns from an

open surface to a closed surface, because of snow.

Structures and shapes get hidden or blurred, by snowfall. Snow can build-

up on thin branches or strings of wire, that ability can be used to close gabs

in structures, making an open structure a closed structure. At the same time

snow can enters through narrow cracks and holes, especially in form of

drifting snow. Snow may seal of an open structure, but with snow entering

during the process.

When covering from snow, weight is an issue. Snow can get very heavy,

HYHQ�WKRXJK�LW�ORRNV�VR�ÀXII\��VR�VWUXFWXUHV�ZKLFK�DUHQ¶W�GHVLJQHG�IRU�support the extra weight may collapse.

Avalanche fence – To protection from avalanche,

fences will be placed on mountain slopes, for stop-

ping avalanches. The fences are composed of thick

beams and thin wire net.

Snow on tree branches, creates a space with a

unique atmosphere, because of the light and sound.

Covering

How snow is experienced, vary depending on the type of snow. Each type of snow provides the

space with a special character. The different types of snow are created by the affects of temperature,

wind or landscape.

Snow can create a space, being inside the space, as it can create a space being outside the space.

by Asger Lymann and Frederik Langhoff

Effects of covering and visual connections

Structural principle: Lightweight steel structure.

We have chose the work with the steel structure because it gives the opportunity to work

with different mambrans. We chose not to work with concrete because it has a massive

mambran and therefore will not have the same visual connection to the weather phenom-

ena as we are working with.

Time scale: Minimum 1 year

We will like to see the different effects and functions of the structure during the seasons.

Situation/location:�*ULQGHZDOG�LQ�6ZLW]HUODQG�������ƍ1�����ƍ(Grindewald is just a exampel of a type of location. It would be interesting to have a

location in a mountain area just below the snowline; because the seasons still would be

changing and there will be a greater posibillity of snow in the winter. Also mountains have

a great impact on the weather for exampel it can create clounds; this happen when warm

air is push over a mountain and cooled down in the high altitude by the cold air. This is the

same principle as fog is created.

Probe 1 - Relation between shapes and wind

About the probe In this probe we investigate the effects of different shapes. That separate and combined

KDV�DV�DQ�LQÀXHQFH�RQ�WKH�ZLQG�WKDW�GLFWDWHV�WKH�VQRZ�IRUPDWLRQV��7KH�UHDVRQ�ZK\�WKLV�investigation is interesting; is by knowing how the shapes, separate and combined, effect

the snow. It can be used to create new spaces in the snow.

Expectations to the investigationsThe expectations are that the shape has a huge infuencen on the turbelecen. When the

shape has a sharp surface it makes more turbulecen than with a curved surface and the

wind is effected before and after the structure. Also that the shapes in relation to each other

has an extra inpack on the wind.

$ERYH�\RX�VHH�D�VHULDO�RI�IUDPHV�IURP�WZR�RI�WKH�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ�¿OPV��

Probe 1 - Relation between shapes and wind

Results

The diagrams show how wind is effected by the shapes and how the snow then forms

The diagrams below show how the turbulecen appears when the distance between the forms vary

7KH�SLFWXUHV�DUH�IUDPHV�IURP�RXU�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ�¿OPV�DQG�shows the results of the wind’s effect on the snow.

The pictures are set up so the same forms are in one row

and the distance between them are showed in the columns

Conclusion

Probe 2 - The behaviour of fog

About the probeIn this probe we investigate fog. We investigate different situations createt by the fog. We

do this because fog is not as tangible a weather phenomenon as rain because it does not

appear as offen and it is more visual then physical. Therefore it is interesting get greater

understading of fog in the way it moves and its visually effects.

Probe setup. The dryice create fog with the same principel as in the nature

Probe 2 - The behaviour of fog:

Results and conclusion

Movement of fog - The pictures above show how fog pass by a lightsource

Light through fog - The pictures above show how the light is effected for the observer when the fog has different density

Fog througe grid - The four pictures above are highlight form the photo serial below. The photo serial shows how the fog is effected by turbulecen when passing through a grid

Probe 3 - Manipulating of snow

About the probe In this probe we use the experience extracted from probe 1. We know how the shapes

direct the wind and we will now try to see if we can manipulate the wind and snow after

our vision.

Expectations to the investigationsThe diagrams below show our intensions to manipulate the snow to enclose and exclose

around and in between a group of structures.

Probe setup

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Probe 3 - Manipulating of snow

Results

(QFORVXUH�of the snow

Rejection

of the snow

First arrangement Second arrangement - Improved Second arrangement - changed wind direction

Conclusion

,Q�WKH�WHVW�ZKHUH�WKH�HQFORVXUH�RI�VQRZ�ZDV�WKH�SXUSRVH��FDQ�ZH�VHH�WKDW�LQ�WKH�¿UVW�DUUDQJHPHQW�WKH�IRUPV�VHSHUDWH�WKH�ZLQG�DQG�FDSWXUH�WKH�VQRZ�EHKLQG�LW�EXW�WKH�WZR�PLGGHO�IRUPV�creates too must turbulens. In the second arrangement we try to twist the middel forms to minimize the turbulens. This worked better but not perfect because the placement of the

forms in relation to each other was not optimal. Then we tried to change the wind direction to see how the formation of the forms reacted. From that we can see that the enclosure

only works when the wind comes directly from the front.

,Q�WKH�WHVW�ZKHUH�WKH�UHMHFWLRQ�RI�VQRZ�ZDV�WKH�SXUSRVH��FDQ�ZH�VHH�WKDW�LQ�WKH�¿UVW�DUUDQJHPHQW�WKH�IRUPDWLRQ�RI�WKH�IRUP�FUHDWHV�WXUEXOHFHQ�LQ�WKH�PLGGHO��,Q�WKH�VHFRQG�DUUDQJHPHQW�ZH�WU\�WR�WZLVW�WKH�PLGGHO�IRUPV�DQG�PRYH�WKH�ODVW�IRUP�FORVHU�WR�WKH�¿UVW�IRUP�WR�RSWLPL]H�WKH�WXUEXOHQV��WKLV�ZRUNHG�PXVW�EHWWHU��7KHQ�ZH�WULHG�WR�FKDQJH�WKH�ZLQG�GLUHFWLRQ�WR�VHH�how the formation of the forms reacted. The same happend as at the test for enclose the snow.

3UREH�����7KH�¿QDO�IRUP

About the probe ,Q�WKLV�SUREH�ZH�DUH�¿QGLQJ�DQG�WHVWLQJ�WKH�¿QDO�IRUP�IRU�WKH�VWUXFWXUH�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�SUH-viously probes.

The two forms we test

Expectations to the investigationsWe expect that the concave form will

create some extra turbulence.

3UREH�����7KH�¿QDO�IRUP

Results

,Q�WKH�SKRWR�VHULDO�DERYH�\RX�VHH�WKH�¿UVW�IRUP�WHVWHG�IURP�VHY-

eral angles.

In the photo serial to the right you see the second form tested

from several angles

ConclusionThe second form did not turn out as expected. From the diagram on previ-

ous page you see how we would have experted the form to react. We have

thought that the concave side would have made more turbulence but instead

it made lee.

We have chosen to work further with the second form because of the asym-

metric shape that are put thogether can give some more possibilities of

creating the wanted interaction between the structures, which are showed

in the pictures to the right.

Two forms interacting

3UREH�����&RQ¿FXDWLRQ�RI�WKH�VWUXFWXUHV

About the probe ,Q�WKLV�SUREH�ZH�DUH�¿QGLQJ�WKH�¿QDO�FRQ¿FXDWLRQ�RI�WKH�VWUXFWXUHV��:H�DUH�LQYHVWLJDWLQJ�how many structures that would be interstring to work with and how they should be ar-

ranged.

The diagram shows the different arrangements and the overall form that are investigated.

The diagram above shows the curves that of the structures’ form are made from. These

curves has each an impact on the wind and therefore it gives the opportunity to vary to

FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ�

3UREH�����&RQ¿FXDWLRQ�RI�WKH�VWUXFWXUHV

Different number of structures and how the are interacting

Results

Conclusion7KH�GLDJUDP�VKRZV�WKUHH�GLIIHUHQW�VLWXDWLRQV��7KH�¿UVW�RQH�VKRZV�how the wind have one major path though the structures. The

second one shows how the end structures do not effect the wind

EHFDXVH�RI�LWV�GHFUHDVLQJ�YHORFLW\��7KH�WKLUG�RQH��DQG�WKH�FRQ¿-

cuation we have chosen, shows how the wind is effected by the

VWUXFWXUHV�VHYHUDO�WLPHV�ZKHQ�LW�SDVV�E\�WKH�FRQ¿FXDWLRQ�

7KH�FKRVHQ�FRQ¿FXDWLRQ�effected by the wind

from different angles.

The structure

The structureIn choosing the pattern of the steel structure there where two types that we fund interest-

LQJ��7KH�¿UVW�RQH��ZKLFK�FDQ�EH�VHHQ�WR�WKH�ULJKW��FRQVLVWV�RI�D�XQLIRUP�UKRPEXV�JULG��7KH�VHFRQG�W\SH�DOVR�FRQVLVWV�RI�D�UKRPEXV�JULG�EXW�LW�LV�QRW�DV�XQLIRUPHG�DV�WKH�¿UVW�RQH�VLQFH�the the grid is divided in to various widths of rhombuses. This grid is made of two parelle

beams that goes one way and a single beam that is crossing over in another direction.

$ERYH���7KH�¿UVW�VWUXFWXUH�W\SH

Above and below - The second structure type

Steel pipes

Glass

The chosen structure is the second type. Because of the various grid size it gives different

opportunities to work with the cladding and who the beams cross over eachother creates a

hierarchy in structure. The thoughts are that the two layers of beams makes it possible to

work with two membrans - See diagram below.

The structure

The structure seen in plan

��PRGXO������

The structure seen in front

��PRGXO������

A photo investigation of the space in and inbetween the structures, with cladding a applied in drawing.

The Cladding

The picture shows the graduation of the

cladding going from open to closed

The diagram below shows two stages of

the claddings graduation

The cladding is curved because of the long span between the beams

7KH�SLFWXUHV�EHORZ�VKRZV�D�VHFWLRQ�PRGHO�LQ������RI�WKH�WZR�PHPEUDQV��2Q�WKH�LQVLGH�LW�is glass and on the outside streel pipes.

The cladding

The cladding

The diagram below shows how the cladding applied to the structures are

FORVLQJ�IRU�WKH�YLHZ�WR�WKH�VXUURXQGLQJV�DQG�RSHQV�XS�LQWR�WKH�FRQ¿JXUD-tion. This makes a visual connection between the structures which would

be effected when the fog moves inbetween. The pictures below shows the view from inside the structure and out through cladding.

6HFWLRQ�((

Section DD

Section CC

Section BB

Section AA

Snow’s effect on the the space between the sturctures -Plan and sections

The topography lines in the plan above shows how the snow is expected to lay when the

wind comes from the right in plan.

Details

Beams are assembled by welding

Inner membrane -

Glass connected to inder beam structure

Inner membrane -

Glass are assembled to follow the curve-

beams

2XWHU�PHPEUDQH���Metal pipes are connected to outer beam structure by welding

The foundation

6HFWLRQ�PRGHO�RI�WKH�LQGHU�PHPEUDQH�DQG�FODGGLQJ�������

Rendering - Fog

Rendering - Snow

Aesthetic program

Plan with interior and entrances

Sketches of the interior 7HFKQLFDO�GUDZLQJ���LQWHULRU�������

Resumé

Development of StructureStructural principle: Lightweight steel structure.

The structural principle were chosen beacause of its abillitet to be make as an

organic form and visual lightness.

Time scale: Minimum 1 year

The shifting seasons has different effects on the structure.

Situation/Location: *ULQGHZDOG��6ZLW]HUODQG�������¶�1�����¶( Both phenomena appears in a mountain area

Title of project:�(IIHFWV�RI�FRYHULQJ�DQG�YLVXDO�FRQQHFWLRQV

Chosen weather phenomena: Snow and FogSnow - Asger: The atmosphere snow creates and how it can change a space with its abil-

ities to effect light and sound.

Fog - Frederik: Fog creates a bubble/space around you that makes you focus on the sur-

roundings near you.

Case studiesAsger: Felix Candela, High Life Textile Factory. hyperbolic paraboloid construction and

modular system. Concrete

Frederik: Felix Candela, Sports Palace. Structural principle: Grid truss system. Cladding:

hyperbolic paraboloids

The approachSnow’s potentials where explored, and the discovered potentials was its ability to apply

weight to a structure and change it, cover up a structures shape and close an open struc-

ture. All good potentials, but because snow and fog should be incorporated together, the

choice fell on snows ability to cover a structure which is a potential which is shared with

fog. But unlike snow, fog has the ability to cover up a structure without revealing the

structures form.

The investigations The phenomena fog and snow where investigated separately, with focus on how they

each cover in different ways. Most focus where on snow, because it is the most present

and tangible phenomena.

$W�¿UVW� WKH� LQYHVWLJDWLRQ�� IRFXVHG�RQ�KRZ�VQRZ� OD\�XSRQ�D� VWUXFWXUH��EXW� LW�ZDV�VRRQ�realized that wind was an important parameter when snow and fog cover. Therefore the

investigation now was more focused on how the wind effects snow and fog.

This could be used in a progressive way, to try to create either a snow free - or a snowy

space.

The investigation also showed that it gave a greater effect when the forms where put

together, because they where interacting.

7R�DFKLHYH�WKLV�WZR�FRQ¿JXUDWLRQV�ZKHUH�WHVWHG��HDFK�FRQVLVWHG�RI�VHYHUDO�IRUPV��(DFK�IRUP�LQ�WKH�FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ�ZKHUH�GHVLJQHG�WR�GR�D�VSHFL¿F�WDVN��%XW�WKH�ZLQG�LV�XQSUH-GLFWDEOH��VR�WR�PDNH�D�FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ�RI�IRUPV�GLFWDWLQJ�WKH�ZLQG�E\�VSHFLDOL]HG�IRUPV��wouldn’t work. This resulted in creating only one form that depenting on its position had

different effects on the snow.

'LIIHUHQW�W\SHV�RI�FRQ¿JXUDWLRQV�ZKHUH�WHVWHG

7KH�FKRLFH�RI�WKH�¿QDO�FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ�ZDV�PDGH�EHFDXVH�RI�LWV�DELOLW\�WR�LQWHUDFW�ZLWK�WKH�wind in several situations through the formation of structures.

The issueIn a wind tunnel wind becomes a controllable parameter but in nature wind is more

volatile. This means that even how many test you do you can not make a formation that

GLFWDWHV�WKH�ZLQG�SUHFLVH�EXW�LW�LV�VWLO�SRVVLEHO�WR�KDYH�DQ�LQÀXHQFH�RI�WKH�ZLQG�WKURXJK�the formation and hereby have an expectation of the outcome.

Further more to accommodate this the location in the Grindelwald area are chose because

of the nearby mountains that direct the wind to come from a constant direction.

Two identical shapes where tested together, in a wind tunnel, with different distance and

direction to each other. From the test a mapping of how the snow lies around the shapes

could be made.

Resumé

The StructureThe structure that the forms represented should be a visually open and light structure,

because of the focus on the visual connections. Two types of structural systems, where

discussed, a homogeneous and a heterogeneous.

The choice fell on the heterogeneous structure because of the more possibilities regard-

ing to the cladding.

In the heterogeneous structure a hierarchy where discovered. This gave an opportunity to

work with two membranes instead of one, an inner- and an outer membrane.

The CladdingTo enhance the visual connections between the structures the cladding (outer membrane)

VKRXOG�EH� DEOH� WR�JUDGXDWH� IURP�RSHQ� WR� FORVHG�� VR� WKH� FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ�ZLOO� EH�YLVXDOO\�FORVHG�WR�RXWVLGH�RI�WKH�FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ�DQG�YLVXDOO\�RSHQ�WR�WKH�LQVLGH�This effect was tried to archive by applying a metal mesh to the structures, but it was

GLI¿FXOW�WR�JUDGXDWH��7R�EH�DEOH�WR�JHW�D�EHWWHU�JUDGLHQW�WKH�PHWDO�PHVK�ZDV�GLVFDUGHG�LQ�favor of vertical pips.

First the pips where straight but then they becom bend/curved for structural reasons. But

it was later discovered that this was not an issue therefore they become straight again for

the aesthetic

The detailsThe structure should have a light and transparent atmosphere; therefore the technical

assembly of the structure should be as invisible as possible. The outer- and inner beam

VWUXFWXUH��VKRXOG�WKHUHIRUH�EH�DVVHPEOHG�E\�ZHOGLQJ��7KLV�LV�DOVR�DSSO\LQJ�IRU�WKH�¿[WXUH�of the cladding (outer-membrane) to the outer beam structure.

7KH�JODVV��LQQHU�PHPEUDQH��VKRXOG�EH�¿[HG�WR�WKH�LQQHU�EHDP�VWUXFWXUH�E\�PHWDO�OLVWV�ZLWK�UXEEHU�VHDODQW��7KH�JODVV�LV�¿[HG�WR�HDFK�RWKHU�ZLWK�UXEEHU�VHDODQW�EHFDXVH�RI�WKH�curve inner structure.

InhabitationThe structures huge space will be supplemented with embedded hillocks that can be use

to sit or lie on. The sharpening of these “furniture” was inspired of the forms snow can

appear in. The placement of the furniture was determined by the outer cladding, so they

were facing away from the “closed” side.

The entrancesThe placement of the entrances in the structures was determined by the snow. So there

wouldn’t be an entrance at a place where the snow will pile up. Because of the different

entrances you will get another perspectiv of the structure’s space.