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Efficiency in industry through electro-technologies. Paul Baudry, EDF / R&D. The future of Energy in Enlarged Europe, Warsaw 7-8th october 2004. Outline. European policy related to energy efficiency Energy efficiency and electricity The influence of energy accounting system - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Efficiency in industry through electro-technologies
Paul Baudry, EDF / R&D
The future of Energy in Enlarged Europe, Warsaw 7-8th october 2004
2
Outline
• European policy related to energy efficiency
• Energy efficiency and electricity
• The influence of energy accounting system
• Efficient electro-technologies in industry
• Conclusion
3
European policy on energy efficiency
Drivers- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
- Security of energy supply
Target- Annual energy savings : 1% of final energy
European directives- Proposal for a Directive on energy end-use efficiency and
energy services
- Directive on energy efficiency in buildings
- Directive on Integrated Prevention and Pollution Control
- Directive on tradable CO2 emission permits
4
Global Trends in Energy use : 1970-2000
The manufacturing sector (industry) exhibits the highest energy intensity decrease
Source : 30 years of energy use in IEA countries
5
Global Trends in Energy useTotal final energy consumption by fuel
Source : 30 years of energy use in IEA countries
6
Energy Efficiency and electricity As global energy intensity decreases, electricity grows with GDP
OCDE
0
50
100
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450
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1975
1979
1983
1987
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023
2027
OCDE
0
50
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150
200
250
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350
400
450
1971
1975
1979
1983
1987
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023
2027
0
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450
1971
1975
1979
1983
1987
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023
2027
OCDEOCDE
0
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197119751979198319871991199519992003200720112015201920232027
OCDE
0
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450
1971
1979198319871991199519992003200720112015201920232027
0
50
100
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200
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300
400
450
1971
1979198319871991199519992003200720112015201920232027
OCDE
GDP US$95
Electricity
Mobility
Thermal stationary
7
Energy accounting system primary and final energy
ELECTRICITY
PRODUCT OR SERVICE
FOSSIL ENERGY(coal, oil, gas)
NON FOSSIL ENERGY(nuclear,hydro, Ren. En.)
Ren. Heat
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the accurate method for energy accounting
Two main LCA impact indicators for energy efficiency :- primary energy consumption- CO2
8
Usual conventional coefficient for primary energy to electricity conversion : ~2.5
This coefficient is an average of the different power generation systems
IEA convention for final to primary energy conversion :- 33% for nuclear- electricity / fossil fuel : energy content for coal and gas
power generation systems- 100 % for renewable energy
Accurate final to primary energy coefficient are different in each country and for each electricity supplier
Energy accounting system primary and final energy
9
Energy accounting system CO2 emissions for power generation with Life Cycle Assessment
Power Generation system
CO2 content
(g CO2 / kWh)
Nuclear 5
Hydro 6
Coal 1000
Wind 15 - 20
Gas Turbine (Combined Cycle)
450
10
Energy Efficiency through Electro-technologies in various industrial sectors
Sector Established Efficient Electro-technologies
Emerging Efficient Electro-technologies
Food industry - MVC (liquid concentration) - Membranes (separation) - Electric Tubular Heat Exchanger - Heat Pump (heat and cold)
- High Electric Pulse Fields - High Pressure - Ohmic Heating
Chemical industry
- Motors for basic chemicals (v.s. turboengines) - heating in small processes (resitances and induction) - Electric Tubular Heat Exchanger
- Membranes in refineries and - Electrosynthsis - Ohmic heating - Immersion heater
Metals -Electric Arc Furnace (steelmaking) - Induction in foundry - Resistance ovens (Thermal treatments) - Heat pumps
- MVC for liquid effluents - Recycling with arc furnace - Vacuum furnace
Waste management industry
- Electrofilters - MVC - Heat pump (drying)
- Cold plasmas for VOC treatment - induction on activated carbon for VOC treatment - MVC - Membranes - Arc furnace for vitrification
11
Final Energy Efficiency through Electro-technologies
ReplacementTechnology
Consumption –fossil fuel plant
(GWh)
Consumption – replacement plant
(GWh)
Compared utilisation efficiency
Membranes 385 35 10-12
MVC + Heat Pumps
3.220 460 6-8
Induction 6.750 2.700 2-3
µW + HF + UV 585 260 2-2,5
IR 725 415 1,5-2
Motors 2.465 1.700 1,3-1,6
Resistance 11.640 9.700 1,1-1,3
TOTAL 25.770 15.270 1,1-12
12
Energy Efficiency through Electro-technologies Steelmaking industry
Fossil Energy route Electric route
Technology Blast furnace Electric Arc Furnace
Raw materials Iron ore « Scraps » (+ DRI + pig iron)
Quality High Depends on scraps quality
Investment cost High Much lower
Flexibility Low High
CO2 emission 2 tCO2/tsteel 0.1 t CO2/tsteel
13
Energy Efficiency through electro-technologiesVarious energy system solutions for the same end use
Energy source
Same end-use demand (MWh)
Cumulated Energy Demand (CED)
Electricity from grid +Heat from fossil fuel
Electricity (light, motors)Heat (process)
100
100
1 MWh th = 0,086 tep1 MWh e = 0,086 / 40% (electricity generation) / 90% (grid loss)
CED = 23,9 + 8,6 = 32,5 tepCHP from gas(non seasonal)
Electricity (light, motors)Heat (process)
100
100
1 kWh e = 0,086 / 66% (average generation efficiency by CHP)
CED = 13 + 13 = 26 tep
Electricity from grid> 90% Fossil mix
Electricity (light, motors)Efficient electric process
100<50
1 MWh e = 0,086 / 40% (electricity generation) / 90%(grid loss)
CED = 23,9 + 11,9 = <35,8 tep
Electricity from gridRenewable / NFF
Electricity (light, motors) Efficient electric process
100<50
1 MWh e = 0,086 // 90% (grid loss)
CED = 9,5 + 4,8 = <14,3 tep
Electricity from gridcurrent mix
Electricity (light, motors) Efficient electric technique
10025
1 MWh e = 0,086 / 52% (electricity generation) / 90% (grid loss)
CED = 18,4 + 4,6 = 23 tep
1 MWh th = 0.086 tep
14
Conclusion
• During the 30 last years, the use of electricity has grown while energy intensity was decreasing in IEA countries
• The energy efficiency can be evaluated by an LCA approach with two main impact indicators : primary energy and CO2 emissions
• Final to primary energy coefficient and CO2 emissions depend strongly on power generation systems, then on the geographic location and on the electricity suppliers
• Electro-technologies in industry can contribute significantly to improve energy efficiency
• Electricity is a secondary but flexible energy. Industrial processes need this flexibility which helps to increase productivity and product quality.