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Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing Pavel Škoda http://www.cesnet.cz/ http://photonics.cesnet.cz/ 1 CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing · • Spectrum sharing among NRENs and GEANT • Different transmission systems • Finding common spectrum “slice” • 50 GHz DWDM channel

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Page 1: Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing · • Spectrum sharing among NRENs and GEANT • Different transmission systems • Finding common spectrum “slice” • 50 GHz DWDM channel

Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing

Pavel Škoda

http://www.cesnet.cz/

http://photonics.cesnet.cz/

1 CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

Page 2: Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing · • Spectrum sharing among NRENs and GEANT • Different transmission systems • Finding common spectrum “slice” • 50 GHz DWDM channel

2

• Spectrum sharing • Alien Waves • Spectrum granularity • Spectrum cost • Sharing of NREN spectrum with GEANT • Cost map of GEANT • Spectrum utilization in NRENs

• CBF connections • Options of ownership and sharing • Research applications at optical layer

Outline

Boring facts • fiber offers ~ 350 nm of bandwidth • but we still live quite fine in C-band • utilizing 35 nm for today’s backbones • which is 4.38 THz of bandwidth • out of 52 THz theoretically possible

Figure: Telecommunication bands in optical communications

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

Page 3: Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing · • Spectrum sharing among NRENs and GEANT • Different transmission systems • Finding common spectrum “slice” • 50 GHz DWDM channel

3

• Telco band per user

• Sub-band per user

• Alien wave per user

Spectrum sharing

Figure: Scheme of Prague-Brno link with three transmission systems.

Figure: Spectrum sharing among three systems.

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

Page 4: Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing · • Spectrum sharing among NRENs and GEANT • Different transmission systems • Finding common spectrum “slice” • 50 GHz DWDM channel

4

An AW is an optical channel provided by a network operator which carries an user’s optical signals with minimal loss of fidelity. The user’s optical signal remains in the optical domain for the entire signal path. The signal may experience some degradation of the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) or suffer from non-linear effects, however these effects will be remain within level of performance agreed by the optical channel provider. Similarly the user has an obligation to keep the light injected into the AW within the bounds agreed.

Alien Waves

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Figure: Spectrum of different modulation formats.

Page 5: Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing · • Spectrum sharing among NRENs and GEANT • Different transmission systems • Finding common spectrum “slice” • 50 GHz DWDM channel

5

• Spectrum sharing among NRENs and GEANT • Different transmission systems • Finding common spectrum “slice” • 50 GHz DWDM channel width • Fit with Alien wave

Spectrum granularity

Source: Idealist, FP7 IP Project

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

Figure: Transmission systems in NRENs.

Page 6: Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing · • Spectrum sharing among NRENs and GEANT • Different transmission systems • Finding common spectrum “slice” • 50 GHz DWDM channel

6

• Cost of one 50 GHz channel (slice)

• 𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑇 =𝑇𝐶𝑂(𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟+𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡)

max 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑠

Annual costs: 1. Cost of Dark fiber (annual rental cost) 2. Cost of huts along the dark fiber (rent, energy consumption, security) 3. Cost of PoPs housings (rent, energy consumption, security) 4. A proportion of a lighting system annual maintenance cost

One-time costs: (translated to annual costs using 5 year deprecation) 5. Cost of lighting system equipment on the dark fibre (Amplifiers, Power

equalizers, ROADMs, Filters, Monitoring cards). 6. Fixed up-front fee for dark fibre.

Channelization of the cost • Sum 1 though 6 above and divide it by maximum channels available in the lighting

system to get annual per channel figure • When divided by length of the dark fiber to get per kilometer figure • To get a cost of optical channel per kilometer of the link

Spectrum cost

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

Page 7: Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing · • Spectrum sharing among NRENs and GEANT • Different transmission systems • Finding common spectrum “slice” • 50 GHz DWDM channel

7

• Total cost of GEANT infrastructure • Translate the total cost to its annual share • Generalize the annual share to kilometer of GEANT infrastructure

• With a given capacity requirements for a link we may compare • Cost of GEANT infrastructure • Cost of optical channel * GEANT optical channel requirments

• 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =𝐺𝐸𝐴𝑁𝑇 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡

𝐺𝐸𝐴𝑁𝑇 channel requirements ∗Channel cost

• Draw a map for GEANT channel requirements and Spectrum sharing efficiency

Sharing of NREN spectrum with GEANT

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

Cost of optical channel per kilometre

Cost of GEANT infrastructure per kilometre

Page 8: Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing · • Spectrum sharing among NRENs and GEANT • Different transmission systems • Finding common spectrum “slice” • 50 GHz DWDM channel

8

Cost map of GEANT

GREEN – very beneficial (2+ times) BEIGE – beneficial (1-2 times) ORANGE – more costy

Annual cost of GEANT

infrastructure per

kilometre € 300

€ 7 € 9 € 11 € 13 € 15 € 17 € 19 € 21 € 23 € 25 € 27 € 29 € 31 € 33 € 35 € 37 € 39 € 41 € 43 € 45 € 47 € 49 € 51 € 53 € 55 € 57 € 59 € 61 € 63 € 65 € 67 € 69 € 71 € 73 € 75 € 77 € 79 € 81 € 83 € 85 € 87 € 89 € 91 € 93 € 95 € 97 € 99

1 42.86 33.33 27.27 23.08 20.00 17.65 15.79 14.29 13.04 12.00 11.11 10.34 9.68 9.09 8.57 8.11 7.69 7.32 6.98 6.67 6.38 6.12 5.88 5.66 5.45 5.26 5.08 4.92 4.76 4.62 4.48 4.35 4.23 4.11 4.00 3.90 3.80 3.70 3.61 3.53 3.45 3.37 3.30 3.23 3.16 3.09 3.03

2 21.43 16.67 13.64 11.54 10.00 8.82 7.89 7.14 6.52 6.00 5.56 5.17 4.84 4.55 4.29 4.05 3.85 3.66 3.49 3.33 3.19 3.06 2.94 2.83 2.73 2.63 2.54 2.46 2.38 2.31 2.24 2.17 2.11 2.05 2.00 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.81 1.76 1.72 1.69 1.65 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.52

3 14.29 11.11 9.09 7.69 6.67 5.88 5.26 4.76 4.35 4.00 3.70 3.45 3.23 3.03 2.86 2.70 2.56 2.44 2.33 2.22 2.13 2.04 1.96 1.89 1.82 1.75 1.69 1.64 1.59 1.54 1.49 1.45 1.41 1.37 1.33 1.30 1.27 1.23 1.20 1.18 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.05 1.03 1.01

4 10.71 8.33 6.82 5.77 5.00 4.41 3.95 3.57 3.26 3.00 2.78 2.59 2.42 2.27 2.14 2.03 1.92 1.83 1.74 1.67 1.60 1.53 1.47 1.42 1.36 1.32 1.27 1.23 1.19 1.15 1.12 1.09 1.06 1.03 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.76

5 8.57 6.67 5.45 4.62 4.00 3.53 3.16 2.86 2.61 2.40 2.22 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.71 1.62 1.54 1.46 1.40 1.33 1.28 1.22 1.18 1.13 1.09 1.05 1.02 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.61

6 7.14 5.56 4.55 3.85 3.33 2.94 2.63 2.38 2.17 2.00 1.85 1.72 1.61 1.52 1.43 1.35 1.28 1.22 1.16 1.11 1.06 1.02 0.98 0.94 0.91 0.88 0.85 0.82 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51

7 6.12 4.76 3.90 3.30 2.86 2.52 2.26 2.04 1.86 1.71 1.59 1.48 1.38 1.30 1.22 1.16 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.78 0.75 0.73 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43

8 5.36 4.17 3.41 2.88 2.50 2.21 1.97 1.79 1.63 1.50 1.39 1.29 1.21 1.14 1.07 1.01 0.96 0.91 0.87 0.83 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.61 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.38

9 4.76 3.70 3.03 2.56 2.22 1.96 1.75 1.59 1.45 1.33 1.23 1.15 1.08 1.01 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.81 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.63 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.34

10 4.29 3.33 2.73 2.31 2.00 1.76 1.58 1.43 1.30 1.20 1.11 1.03 0.97 0.91 0.86 0.81 0.77 0.73 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.30

11 3.90 3.03 2.48 2.10 1.82 1.60 1.44 1.30 1.19 1.09 1.01 0.94 0.88 0.83 0.78 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.63 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.28

12 3.57 2.78 2.27 1.92 1.67 1.47 1.32 1.19 1.09 1.00 0.93 0.86 0.81 0.76 0.71 0.68 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.25

13 3.30 2.56 2.10 1.78 1.54 1.36 1.21 1.10 1.00 0.92 0.85 0.80 0.74 0.70 0.66 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23

14 3.06 2.38 1.95 1.65 1.43 1.26 1.13 1.02 0.93 0.86 0.79 0.74 0.69 0.65 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22

15 2.86 2.22 1.82 1.54 1.33 1.18 1.05 0.95 0.87 0.80 0.74 0.69 0.65 0.61 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20

16 2.68 2.08 1.70 1.44 1.25 1.10 0.99 0.89 0.82 0.75 0.69 0.65 0.60 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19

17 2.52 1.96 1.60 1.36 1.18 1.04 0.93 0.84 0.77 0.71 0.65 0.61 0.57 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18

18 2.38 1.85 1.52 1.28 1.11 0.98 0.88 0.79 0.72 0.67 0.62 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17

19 2.26 1.75 1.44 1.21 1.05 0.93 0.83 0.75 0.69 0.63 0.58 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.40 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16

20 2.14 1.67 1.36 1.15 1.00 0.88 0.79 0.71 0.65 0.60 0.56 0.52 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15

21 2.04 1.59 1.30 1.10 0.95 0.84 0.75 0.68 0.62 0.57 0.53 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14

22 1.95 1.52 1.24 1.05 0.91 0.80 0.72 0.65 0.59 0.55 0.51 0.47 0.44 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14

23 1.86 1.45 1.19 1.00 0.87 0.77 0.69 0.62 0.57 0.52 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13

24 1.79 1.39 1.14 0.96 0.83 0.74 0.66 0.60 0.54 0.50 0.46 0.43 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13

25 1.71 1.33 1.09 0.92 0.80 0.71 0.63 0.57 0.52 0.48 0.44 0.41 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12

26 1.65 1.28 1.05 0.89 0.77 0.68 0.61 0.55 0.50 0.46 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12

27 1.59 1.23 1.01 0.85 0.74 0.65 0.58 0.53 0.48 0.44 0.41 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11

28 1.53 1.19 0.97 0.82 0.71 0.63 0.56 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11

29 1.48 1.15 0.94 0.80 0.69 0.61 0.54 0.49 0.45 0.41 0.38 0.36 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10

30 1.43 1.11 0.91 0.77 0.67 0.59 0.53 0.48 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10

31 1.38 1.08 0.88 0.74 0.65 0.57 0.51 0.46 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

32 1.34 1.04 0.85 0.72 0.63 0.55 0.49 0.45 0.41 0.38 0.35 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09

33 1.30 1.01 0.83 0.70 0.61 0.53 0.48 0.43 0.40 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09

34 1.26 0.98 0.80 0.68 0.59 0.52 0.46 0.42 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

35 1.22 0.95 0.78 0.66 0.57 0.50 0.45 0.41 0.37 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

36 1.19 0.93 0.76 0.64 0.56 0.49 0.44 0.40 0.36 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08

37 1.16 0.90 0.74 0.62 0.54 0.48 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08

38 1.13 0.88 0.72 0.61 0.53 0.46 0.42 0.38 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

39 1.10 0.85 0.70 0.59 0.51 0.45 0.40 0.37 0.33 0.31 0.28 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

40 1.07 0.83 0.68 0.58 0.50 0.44 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

Cost of channels per kilometer and year in NREN infrastructure

Channels required by GEANT

Cost of optical channel per kilometre

No

. of

chan

nel

s re

qu

ired

𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =𝐺𝐸𝐴𝑁𝑇 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡

𝐺𝐸𝐴𝑁𝑇 channel requirements ∗Channel cost

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

Page 9: Efficient Spectrum Resource Sharing · • Spectrum sharing among NRENs and GEANT • Different transmission systems • Finding common spectrum “slice” • 50 GHz DWDM channel

9

Cost map of GEANT

GREEN – very beneficial (2+ times) BEIGE – beneficial (1-2 times) ORANGE – more costy

Cost of optical channel per kilometre

No

. of

chan

nel

s re

qu

ired

€ 7 € 9 € 11 € 13 € 15 € 17 € 19 € 21 € 23 € 25 € 27 € 29 € 31 € 33 € 35 € 37 € 39 € 41 € 43 € 45 € 47 € 49

1 42.86 33.33 27.27 23.08 20.00 17.65 15.79 14.29 13.04 12.00 11.11 10.34 9.68 9.09 8.57 8.11 7.69 7.32 6.98 6.67 6.38 6.12

2 21.43 16.67 13.64 11.54 10.00 8.82 7.89 7.14 6.52 6.00 5.56 5.17 4.84 4.55 4.29 4.05 3.85 3.66 3.49 3.33 3.19 3.06

3 14.29 11.11 9.09 7.69 6.67 5.88 5.26 4.76 4.35 4.00 3.70 3.45 3.23 3.03 2.86 2.70 2.56 2.44 2.33 2.22 2.13 2.04

4 10.71 8.33 6.82 5.77 5.00 4.41 3.95 3.57 3.26 3.00 2.78 2.59 2.42 2.27 2.14 2.03 1.92 1.83 1.74 1.67 1.60 1.53

5 8.57 6.67 5.45 4.62 4.00 3.53 3.16 2.86 2.61 2.40 2.22 2.07 1.94 1.82 1.71 1.62 1.54 1.46 1.40 1.33 1.28 1.22

6 7.14 5.56 4.55 3.85 3.33 2.94 2.63 2.38 2.17 2.00 1.85 1.72 1.61 1.52 1.43 1.35 1.28 1.22 1.16 1.11 1.06 1.02

7 6.12 4.76 3.90 3.30 2.86 2.52 2.26 2.04 1.86 1.71 1.59 1.48 1.38 1.30 1.22 1.16 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.91 0.87

8 5.36 4.17 3.41 2.88 2.50 2.21 1.97 1.79 1.63 1.50 1.39 1.29 1.21 1.14 1.07 1.01 0.96 0.91 0.87 0.83 0.80 0.77

9 4.76 3.70 3.03 2.56 2.22 1.96 1.75 1.59 1.45 1.33 1.23 1.15 1.08 1.01 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.81 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.68

10 4.29 3.33 2.73 2.31 2.00 1.76 1.58 1.43 1.30 1.20 1.11 1.03 0.97 0.91 0.86 0.81 0.77 0.73 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.61

11 3.90 3.03 2.48 2.10 1.82 1.60 1.44 1.30 1.19 1.09 1.01 0.94 0.88 0.83 0.78 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.63 0.61 0.58 0.56

12 3.57 2.78 2.27 1.92 1.67 1.47 1.32 1.19 1.09 1.00 0.93 0.86 0.81 0.76 0.71 0.68 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.51

13 3.30 2.56 2.10 1.78 1.54 1.36 1.21 1.10 1.00 0.92 0.85 0.80 0.74 0.70 0.66 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.47

14 3.06 2.38 1.95 1.65 1.43 1.26 1.13 1.02 0.93 0.86 0.79 0.74 0.69 0.65 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44

15 2.86 2.22 1.82 1.54 1.33 1.18 1.05 0.95 0.87 0.80 0.74 0.69 0.65 0.61 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.44 0.43 0.41

16 2.68 2.08 1.70 1.44 1.25 1.10 0.99 0.89 0.82 0.75 0.69 0.65 0.60 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38

17 2.52 1.96 1.60 1.36 1.18 1.04 0.93 0.84 0.77 0.71 0.65 0.61 0.57 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.36

18 2.38 1.85 1.52 1.28 1.11 0.98 0.88 0.79 0.72 0.67 0.62 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.34

19 2.26 1.75 1.44 1.21 1.05 0.93 0.83 0.75 0.69 0.63 0.58 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.40 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.32

20 2.14 1.67 1.36 1.15 1.00 0.88 0.79 0.71 0.65 0.60 0.56 0.52 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.31

Channels required by GEANT

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

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• NRENs rent short links between cities • GEANT rent long links between countries • NRENs operate small network • GEANT operates pan-European network

• GEANT seems to get better deals for fibers and systems (per kilometre) • NRENs do not sell or share spectrum regularly – no optimized mechanism for that

Cost of NREN spectrum

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

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Infrastructure/transmission system sharing • UNINETT, ROEDUNET, REANNZ

Either with commercial provider or state organization • SWITCH

Next hop protection lambdas • CESNET

Single fiber transmissions

So what is our spectrum utilization? Does NRENs experience Nielsen’s Law? How fast are we adopting new technologies?

Shall we find mechanism to share unused spectrum with the community?

Spectrum utilization in NRENs

Nielsen's Law of Internet Bandwidth

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

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Define your borders first • A fiber that crosses logical or political border of your domain • Its definition is not dependent on transmission system

Fair model needs to be agreed by all parties • Equal cost share (CESNET/ACONET, SURFNET/GEANT/NORDUNET) • Resource cost split NORDUNET/SURFNET) • Usage related infrastructure cost share

Cross-border fiber

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

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• Does NREN need CBFs? • Direct connection with neighbors • Backup lines to international connection • Services at optical layer

• CESNET innovation at optical layer

• Transfer of temporal information – Comparison of optical clocks • Transfer of ultra-stable frequency – Frequency comb comparison

Research applications at optical layer

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague

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Discussion points • NRENs spectrum utilization? • Mechanism for NRENs to share spectrum? • Applications for CBFs?

Thank you for attention!

CEF Networks Workshop, Prague