EG-Helwan South Power Project Raven Natural Gas Pipeline · 2019-11-17 · from the south-helwan project (due to a change in scope of south helwan project, there is loan saving of

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The Egyptian Natural Gas Company

Prepared By:

EG-Helwan South Power Project

Raven Natural Gas Pipeline

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT

June 2019

Final Report

2

ESIA study for RAVEN Pipeline

Pipeline

Rev. Date Prepared By Description

I 9.12.2018

Hend Kesseba, Environmental Specialist Draft I

Anan Mohamed, Social Expert

II 27.2.2019

Hend Kesseba, Environmental Specialist Final I


Final June 2019

Hend Kesseba, Environmental Specialist Final II


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ESIA study for Raven Pipeline

Introduction

The Government of Egypt (GoE) has immediate priorities to increase the use of the

natural gas as a clean source of energy and let it the main source of energy through

developing natural gas fields and new explorations to meet the national gas demand. The

western Mediterranean and the northern Alexandria gas fields are planned to be a part

from the national plan and expected to produce 900 million standard cubic feet per day

(MMSCFD) in 2019.

Raven gas field is one of those fields which GASCO (the Egyptian natural gas company)

decided to procure, construct and operate a new gas pipeline to transfer rich gas from

Raven gas field in north Alexandria to the western desert gas complex (WDGC) and

Amreya Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plant in Alexandria. The extracted gas will be

transported through a new gas pipeline, hereunder named ‘’the project’’, with 70 km length

and 30’’ inch diameter to WDGC and 5 km length 18” inch diameter to Amreya LPG.

The proposed project will be funded from the World Bank(WB) by the excess of fund

from the south-helwan project (due to a change in scope of south helwan project, there is

loan saving of US$ 74.6 m which GASCO decided to employ it in the proposed project).

As stipulated by Egyptian legislations, namely law 4 year 2004 and amendment law 9 year

2009, an Environment and Social Impacts Assessment (ESIA) should be prepared prior

to the execution of gas connection projects and approval from the Egyptian

Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) should be obtained prior to project

commencement. Additionally, as the project is funded from the WB GASCO must ensure

that project implementation will adhere to WB standards. EcoConServ had been retained

by GASCO to conduct an ESIA complies with the national and international standards.

The proposed pipeline, implemented by Petrojet, GASCO contractor; aims to achieve the

government's plan to expand the delivery of natural gas to industry and consumers by

increasing the production of both (WDGC) and Amreya Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

to contribute to the local market.

Rational of the Environmental and Social impact assessment (ESIA)

This ESIA has been prepared based on the Terms of Reference prepared by GASCO and

cleared by the World Bank; additionally, the national requirements regarding scope and

detail of assessment and procedure, and gives particular emphasis to public information

and stakeholder participation. It will identify and assess significant impacts the proposed

project is likely to have on the local population and on human health; on land, soil, water,

air and climate; on landscape; on biodiversity; and on cultural heritage. It will identify risks

and will suggest mitigation measures where appropriate.

Executive Summary

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Approach to the Study

Kick off meetings with GASCO project’s team to understand their plans and

activities related to the proposed project;

Conducting site visits to the project site, to collect the baseline data regarding

the current environmental and social situation for the areas crossing by the

route of the pipeline;

Reviewing the available information and documents regarding the project

including the required governmental permits;

Carry out air and noise measurements in different areas crossing by the

pipeline and comparing with national and international allowable limits;

Assessment and evaluation of potential impacts of the proposed project;

Development of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP);

Preparation and performing of the scoping session to analyze the response of

the different stakeholders and identify the impact of the stakeholders’

responses on the original work plan

Performing Public Consultation in order to engage local key stakeholders

within the governorate and involve them in the revision of the draft findings

of the ESIA including the study of the various alternatives; and

Develop an institutional development plan to ensure effective and efficient

implementation of the proposed environmental and social management and

monitoring activities.

Project Overview

The construction of the new pipeline will deliver the natural gas from Rasheed petroleum

company ( it is the start point of Raven pipeline located onshore) to WDGC and Amreya

LPG in Alexandria Governorate in order to facilitate the potential of future connection of

natural gas to other industrial and residential areas in the areas crossing by the pipeline.

However, GASCO main role is supplying industrial sector by natural gas not supplying

natural gas to residential household. The connection of natural is under the role of the

local distributor companies.

The submarine connection between the offshore field to starting point of the route of

Raven pipeline is out of the project scope but a separate due diligence study will be

prepared for offshore pipeline and also the offshore facility supply gas to the offshore

pipeline

The 30’’ pipeline starts from valve Room 1 inside Rasheed Gas company in Edko district, 1 km away from the Mediterranean coast, then southwards to meet the international coastal road and run parallel to it from the north side parallel to the existing 20’’pipeline El Meadia/Edko for 14 km. It passes through Edko Lake and fish farms with a length of about 7 km from 18.800 km to 25.700 km and intersects with Petroleum Companies Road - Abu Bakir Rasheed Road and a number of canal and drainages. There are two valve

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rooms (2 and 3) parallel to the international coastal road from the north side. The pipeline cuts the international coastal road at 32.5 km where the proposed valve room 4 will exist then runs parallel to it from the south side to 42.5 km intersecting with Mahmudiyah canal cuts, Cairo / Alexandria agricultural road and Cairo / Alexandria railway.

Afterwards, it leaves the international coastal road and deviates to south west direction to intersect with the new Mariout Canal and the Dushoudi Drainage then runs parallel to the canal and the drainage from the western side up to 50.2 km where the proposed valve room 5 will be construct. It passes by El Amoom drainage, lake and asphalet road and runs parallel to el Hares el amoomy drainage from south east direction for 57.300 km then it intersects it with el hares (1) drainage to run parallel to the latter drainage from the south direction parallel to Nubaria navigational lake from the east side passing through agriculture lands and the proposed valve room 6 at 66.500 km. Finally, the pipeline cuts Nubaria navigational canal from the westward direction and West Drainage of Nubaria, railway to reach the end point in valve room 7 inside The Western Desert Gas Complex with a total of 70 km and 7 valve rooms (3 exists and 4 proposed) and 18 intersections

18’’ pipeline is branched from 30’’ pipeline . It starts from valve room 1 proposed to be

constructed on the proposed Raven 30’’ natural gas pipeline from the south side of el hares

el Amoomy Drainage in Alexandria and then runs north-west for a distance of 4.5 km

inside a Salt Lake (Malahat) and Maryot lake intersects with nubaria canal to reach the

proposed valve room 2’ next to the fence of the existing Amreya Liquefied Petroleum Gas

(LPG) Company and extend within the company for a distance of 500 meters until it

reaches the end point at valve Room 3’ with total distance of 5 km, 3 proposed valve

rooms and 3 main intersections(Maryot lake, hares el omoomy Drainage and nubaria

canal).

Construction Phase

The project will be carried out by Petrojet, a contractor under GASCO’s supervision and

control. It is expected that the engineering, procurement and construction phases will

collectively take about 24 months. The following activities will be conducted in the

construction phase:

• Right of Way(RoW) activities.

• Pipe transportation and storage.

• Trenching.

• Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or boring for the road crossings

• Welding and inspection.

• Coating and inspection

• Wrapping of joints.

• Ditching.

• Installation of valves.

• Tie-ins

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• Laying fiber-optic cables

• Backfilling.

• Pigging.

• Hydrostatic test.

• Dewatering.

• Purging& commissioning.

• Manufacturing and fittings for valves rooms (including civil, mechanical, and

electric components).

The construction of the new gas pipelines will rely on Horizontal Directional Drilling

(HDD) in crossing with waterways, main asphalet roads and railways.

Operation Phase

The operation phase is normally functioned through the central control unit through the

SCADA system. Normal maintenance and monitoring work will be performed including

patrolling to leakages and potential hazards detection. In case of leak detection, or damage

in parts of the pipeline, the damaged part will be isolated and the necessary action will be

taken according to the emergency response plan of GASCO.

Project Alternatives

The main target of the proposed project is to increase the natural gas supply to WDGC

and Amreya LPG plant in order to increase the production rate of these plants and also to

meet the growing national demand.

In case of having “No Action”, this will affect the petrochemical industry in Egypt as

Raven gas will be transferred through WDGC and Amreyia LPG to a set of petrochemical

materials which are :-

1- Mixture of ethane and propane.

2- propane for export,

3- LPG

Accordingly, in case there is no gas from RAVEN, the production of all the previous

products can't be increased..

Hence, the “No Action” alternative is not accepted.

The preferred route was selected on parameters like:

• Study Area Identification: Identifying major features in the study area like main

roadways, residential and commercial areas to help identify constraints during the

selection of the routes

• Mapping the resources: Existing linear corridors include major streets, waterways,

railroads, and utility lines. Existing linear corridors are considered opportunity

areas for pipeline routing because they have already been developed and therefore

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are generally considered a compatible land use. In addition, these linear corridors

generally provide existing access for construction and maintenance requirements.

In addition, the choice of the pipeline route put into consideration some technical aspects

set by GASCO including the following:

• Construct far from residential areas as much as possible;

• Cross roads in appropriate areas;

• Avoid pipe passage from congested areas;

• Accessibility of the construction area and facilitating the implementing of the

construction work;

• Proximity to the existing gas network as much as possible;

• Avoid route crossing by any of cultural heritage areas, graveyards and prayers

houses;

• Routes run parallel to existing utility lines (such as power lines)

Based on these criteria, the line route for the proposed project was chosen. The point of

intersection with waterways is chosen in coordination with the Ministry of Water

Resources and Irrigation.

At the point where the pipeline will cross Edko lake and the drainages, there are no

residential areas located there or anticipated that it will be in future as these areas are

classified as prohibited lands to build upon it. The fact that made it the best chosen route

of the pipeline. The chosen pipeline route achieves the environmental and social targets,

and at the same time aligns with GASCO’s strategy, which aims at choosing routes already

containing existing infrastructure (paved roads), and minimizing intersection with

residential areas.

Environmental and Social Impacts

Positive Impacts

Implementation of the proposed project is expected to lead to a number of positive social

and economic benefits, for example:

1. The project is expected to result in the creation of job opportunities in the

construction phase, both directly and indirectly;

Expanding the natural gas network will positively provide an energy source to

local industries which will indirectly create job opportunities;

Expanding the natural gas network will enhance the national plans to increase

the number of natural gas household connections; and

Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported

fuel.

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Environmental Construction Impacts

The main negative impacts expected during the project construction are as follows:

Dust emissions during the construction phase due to the on-site activities (site

preparation, excavation, etc);

The aquatic environment can be impacted in case of improper implementing of

HDD while crossing them, disposal of construction wastes or debris in the

waterways, and in case of improper disposal of water resulting from hydrostatic

testing;

Increase in noise level resulting from the construction equipment, and other

excavation and construction works;

The possibility of affecting the existing infrastructure such as water and wastewater

networks pipes, telephone connections…etc. during the construction activities;

Management of the different types of waste including domestic, hazardous and

construction waste, such as Soil, Concrete, welding belts, used oils, starting from

their storage onsite until the final disposal;

Occupational Health and Safety aspects;

Natural disasters that might lead to delays in the work schedule;

Traffic’s impacts due to the increase in the number of trucks transporting

construction materials and equipment to the site;

Effect on land use due to the excavation activities and road crossings with the

pipeline route during the construction phase;

Adverse effect on the flora and fauna in the project site, especially the agricultural

areas, during the season in which the construction activities will be undertaken;

and

Accidents and hazards that may occur such as oil leaks from the equipment.

Following the implementation of the listed mitigation measures as mentioned in chapter

8, the significance of the negative impacts is considered to be medium and low.

Environmental Operation Impacts

While the main impact expected during operation is in case of pipeline failure, a significant

amount of natural gas will be released and may cause major risks to the surrounding

communities and the environment. However, GASCO is applying and following

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) which is a highly

sophisticated integrated system used to control the national natural gas pipeline network.

The SCADA system performs remote controlling of the valve rooms to adjust the

operating pressure and early detection of any change of pressure in pipeline to prevent the

leakage of natural gas.

Social Construction Impacts

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Permanent land acquisition for the establishment of the proposed 4 valve rooms

located along the route of the pipeline. In such cases, the common rule of GASCO is

to provide full replacement cost for purchasing the land as per the market price (using

a willing seller – willing buyer approach) under satisfactory, agreeable and appropriate

agreement. It might be roughly suggested that each of the land plots (25m x 45 m) for

each of the valve rooms is owned by one farmer.

Temporary land acquisition and the subsequent impact of damaging crops. A

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be prepared guided by the WB Resettlement

Policy OP 4.12. The RAP involves a full inventory survey for the PAPs and valuation

for the compensation that should be paid.

Temporary negative impacts on livelihoods for some small businesses and other

industrial activities. The construction works may limit access to those businesses for

some time. In some cases, small businesses may be the sole source of impacts for the

affected persons.

Potential temporary inconvenience as result of the construction activities. This could

be in the form of accumulation of wastes (both construction and domestic waste in

the construction areas, associated odor, air emissions, especially dust as a result of

excavation. These impacts are of temporary nature and will be of very limited level of

severity, particularly since the construction activities will be in farms and not populated

areas.

The number of workers varies according to the size of the work in each area; Given

the size of population in project sites and the availability of most of services, the

limited number of workers (100 workers) which will not lead to either temporarily

labor influx nor any significant impact on the community resource. The implementing

companies will rely on unskilled labor whom are often from areas adjacent to the

project areas. As such, labors are not permanently resident during the project duration,

which minimize their presence in the project areas, as well as their limitation to the

working hours only. Consequently, it will lead to the absence of potential impacts for

high prices or rental values of homes in the project areas. Moreover, there are no

potential effects of temporary labor influx on the culture of the society in the project

areas.

Risks of damaging existing community infrastructure, especially water pipes that are

not mapped, can have detrimental social repercussions. Disruption of other utility

services such as electricity and communications can also be a nuisance to those

affected.

Streets rehabilitation or restoration (رد الشئ إلصله) following pipeline network

installations covered by the Egyptian legal/institutional expression that signifies the

responsibility to “restore to original condition”. Delays in street restoration may lead

to varying degrees of damage to vehicles, loss of access and business, traffic

congestions with associated delays and emissions, and a potentially significant public

discontentment.

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Social Operation Impacts

The possibility of a gas leakage or the occurrence of fires, which could affect the

residents in the area, is a concern;

Impacts related to the easement of the RoW: potential expansion of the residential

area close to the pipeline routes. The land cannot be used for construction as an urban

area after that. This is considered a negative impact to the land owners.

Additional crop damage as a result of maintenance or surveillance activities is also a

possibility.

The market value of the land is expected to decrease after construction of the pipeline.

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Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

The following Tables show the ESMP outline for the proposed pipeline during the construction and operation phases. The preliminary cost

for the general implementation and supervision for all the proposed mitigation measures was estimated to be according to the general

implementation/supervision cost.

Table 0-1 -Mitigation Measures and supervision responsibility during construction and operation phases

Potential

Environmental Impact

Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility of

Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

Construction

Air Gaseous Emissions

• Implementation of regular

maintenance schedule for

machinery

• Ensuring that vehicles and

equipment will not be left running

unnecessarily to reduce gaseous and

exhaust emissions from diesel

engines

Dust Emissions

• Water spraying before excavation,

filling, loading and unloading

• Spraying of stockpiles, the storage

area will be covered

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

General

Implementation/su

pervision cost

11


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

• Using paved routes to access the site

wherever possible.

• Sheeting of Lorries transporting

friable construction materials

• Ensuring transportation of

construction waste by a licensed

contractor

• Minimizing drop heights for

material transfer activities such as

unloading of friable materials

• Excavated bypass dust will be

treated as hazardous waste.

Water

bodies/Wastewater

generation

• Liquid waste generated such as

chemicals and drains should be

collected in suitable tanks

• The water resulting from the

hydrostatic test of the pipeline is

collected in onsite tanks and then is

transported directly to the nearest

waste water treatment plant after

coordinating with the wastewater

company and MWRI in order to

reduce the impacts on the aquatic

environment.

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCOHSE site

supervisor

General

Implement

ation/

supervision

cost

Sampling cost:

6500 EGP/ sample

12


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

• Prior coordination with the Ministry

of Water Resources and Irrigation

(MWRI) is necessary.

Noise

• Minimize the time of exposure of

workers to noise ( refer to table 2-

15)

• Ensuring the use of ear plugs in the

field

• Training all the workers before the

commencement of construction

activities about this hazard and how

to avoid it

• Construction activities will be

minimized during night so as not to

disturb the surroundings

• All machines and vehicles should be

shut-off when not used

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

General

Implementation/

supervision cost

Ecology

(Flora and Fauna)

• Vegetation clearance should be

limited as much as possible

• Establishment of 20m wide

construction corridor

• Movement of vehicles should be

managed to ensure minimal loss of

vegetation

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

General

Implementation/

supervision cost

13


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

• Restoring the dug trench-line to its

original condition

Land Use

• Restoring the land to its original

condition at the end of the

construction phase to reduce the

impacts on the natural habitats.

• Hazardous liquids( examples,

lube oil and spills from cleaner

cans, spills from used paint

brushes, oil and fuel filters) have

to be handled carefully in order

to avoid the spilling or leaks to

the ground (refer to Waste

management procedure’’ annex

7)

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO Headquarters General

Implementation/

supervision cost

Traffic Congestion • Using signs for drivers before the

commencement of any construction

activities to inform drivers and

ensure the safety of the roads

• Planning alternative routes when

roads are obstructed

• Choosing a location for temporary

storage of construction materials,

equipment, tools, wastes and

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

General

Implementation/

supervision cost

14


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

machinery before construction so as

not to cause further traffic

disruptions

• Avoiding construction work at the

traffic peak times whenever possible

• Prohibiting uncontrolled off road

driving

Hazards and Accidents

An emergency preparedness response

plan, which is already prepared by

GASCO, will be in place to give

instructions about the identification of

the potential occurrence of accidents

and emergency situations that may

occur during the pipeline construction

and how to respond to them to reduce

the risks and impacts that may be

associated with these emergency

situations

GASCO HSE

department

GASCO Headquarters GASCO

management cost

(General

Implementation/

supervision cost)

Solid, Construction and

hazardous waste

generation

• Identification and use of approved

nearby disposal sites through local

authority

• On-site segregation of wastes

according to their types

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

Hazardous

Waste

Disposal:

3500

EGP/ton

+

15


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

• Designation and use of appropriate

stockpiling locations on site

• Covering waste stockpiles to avoid

ambient air pollution

• Daily hauling of waste to disposal

site in covered trucks

• Activities involving fueling,

lubricating or adding chemicals will

not take place on-site (unless it is

necessary) to avoid soil pollution

and generation of additional

hazardous wastes

• Containers of used chemicals and oil

will be collected and disposed in an

approved hazardous wastes facility

• The hazardous liquid waste will be

collected in specific drums and

transferred by authorized companies

( refer to annex 7 Waste

management procedures)


disposed as a hazardous waste in the

landfill, and will be transported

through an authorized company.

transportati

on cost

General

Implement

ation/super

vision cost

16


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

Community Health and

safety

• Prepare stakeholder engagement plan

• Awareness raising campaigns should

be tailored in cooperation with the

community-based organization

• Using caution tapes that help to keep

people away of the site

• Informing residents about the

timeline of the project in order for the

residents to know when to avoid

certain streets

• Install wooden bars or decks over

trenches to allow safe crossing

• To avoid any negative impacts of the

Temporary Labor Influx on the

communities located near the project

area, the implemented company

should explain the Code of Conduct

to workers and make it available in

visible spots at the Project’s area of

Influence. In addition, they will rely

on local workers as much as possible.

• Grievance Mechanism is important

to ensure that complaints are

properly handled immediately and to

GASCO

Environmental

department


management cost

(General

Implementation/

supervision cost)

17


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

ensure that information is shared

transparently and that they are

accountable to the hosting

communities. A functioning

Grievance Redress Mechanisms

(GRM) is considered to be a good

feedback mechanism from the

project-affected persons and one tool

of the citizen engagement.

Complaints should be documented,

and identify the best channels to

receive complaints that are

appropriate to local communities (for

more information, refer to Chapter

9).

Occupational Health and

Safety

• Ensure the adequate implementation

of occupational health and safety

provisions on-site such as providing

the personal protective equipment

(PPE) to the workers.

• The site should be provided by all the

protective and safety requirements

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

1- Training

Cost: 6000

EGP/traini

ng program

2- General

Implement

ation/super

vision cost

18


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

stipulated by labor laws and

occupational health.

Risk of damaging existing

infrastructure

• Consult maps before excavation

work

• Use of trial pits

• Analysis of accidents logs

• If a line break occurs, the nearest

police department and the

corresponding authority shall be

informed to repair the damaged line

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

General

Implement

ation/

supervision

cost

Cost of

infrastructure

damage will vary

according to the

type of damage.

The cost will be

charged on the

contractor.

Temporary land acquisition

and crop damage

RAP document prepared

Providing fair compensation to the land owners for the loss of crops.

GASCO Compensation Committee

GASCO Social

Development

Officer

GASCO

Environmental

Department

Estimated amount for crop compensation will be according to the RAP study

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Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

Permanent land acquisition

for valve rooms (willing

buyer – willing seller

approach)

Ensuring Providing fair market value to

the land owners for purchasing the land

for the valve rooms

GASCO

Compensation

Committee

GASCO Social

Development Officer

GASCO will

purchase the land

under willing buyer

– willing seller

scheme

Child Labor

This risk should be handled during the project construction phase and restrict obligations should be applied by the contractor which are no child labor in the project and a copy of IDs of laborers are kept in order to monitor the hired staff.

The implementation company should take into account the Laws and Regulations Related to Child Labor (articles 1, 59, 64) to eliminate the worst forms of child labor

GASCO Social Development Officer

Petrojet , the Contractor

GASCO Environmental Department

Operation

Hazards and Accidents Scheduled patrolling activities,

inspection and preventive

maintenance activities

Inspection will include any

activities that could potentially lead

to damage in the pipeline

HSE department at

GASCO (on-site

section)

HSE department at

GASCO (central unit

and administration)

GASCO

management cost

20


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

In case of emergency, the source of

the leak will be isolated until the

maintenance team performs the

required maintenance

Signs will be posted over the

pipeline path showing the numbers

to be called in case of emergency

Table 0-2 -Monitoring indicators and responsibility during construction and operation phases

Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility for

implementation

Supervision Frequency/

Duration

Location Methods Estimated

Cost

Construction

Air emissions Inspection of

vehicle and

machinery

maintenance

schedule

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Quarterly

Documentation

office

Review of

schedule

General

implementat

ion and

supervision

cost

21


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility for

implementation


Duration


Cost

Exhaust

emissions

concentrations

from diesel

generators

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Once before

construction

commenceme

nt, then

quarterly for

each vehicle

Vehicle

maintenance site

Sampling of

exhaust

emissions

Dust

Emissions

Inspection of the

construction

activities

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Daily Construction

site

Site observation General

implementat

ion and

supervision

cost

Risk of

damaging

existing

infrastructure

Frequency and

location of

damage incidents

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Monthly Documentation

office

Documentation

in the monthly

HSE reports and

accidents logs

General

Implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

Cost of

infrastructur

e damage

will vary

according to

the type of

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Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility for

implementation


Duration


Cost

damage. The

cost will be

charged on

the

contractor.

Solid,

Construction

and hazardous

waste

generation

Observation of accumulated waste piles

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Weekly

Construction

site


implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

Observation of water accumulations resulting from dewatering (if encountered)

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Daily Construction

site


Implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

Chain-of-custody and implementation of waste management plans

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Daily Construction

site

Recording of

daily

transportation

statistics and

records from the

hazardous

waste

disposal/ton

+transportat

ion cost

23


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility for

implementation


Duration


Cost

waste disposal

sites

Noise

Sound intensity

levels and

exposure

durations

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Quarterly, at

least one

measurement

per

contractor/su

b-contractor

Construction

site

Noise recording,

reporting in

monthly reports

General

Implement

ation/

supervisio

n cost

1. Sampling

Cost

Complaints from

neighboring

residents

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Weekly Construction

site

Assessment of

the filed

complaints

General

Implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

Use of earmuffs

by Construction

workers

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Weekly Construction

site


Implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

24


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility for

implementation


Duration


Cost

Traffic

Congestion

Complaints from

neighboring/

affected residents

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Weekly Construction

site

Assessment of

the filed

complaints

General

Implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

Appropriate

implementation

of the mitigations

measures agreed

upon with the

contractor

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Monthly Construction

site


Implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

Ecology Minimizing the

impacts on

vegetation and

disturbance of

natural habitats

along the route of

the proposed

pipelines

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Daily

Construction

site


Implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

25


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility for

implementation


Duration


Cost

Restoring the dug

trench-line to its

original condition

at the end of the

construction

phase

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

At the end of

the

construction

phase

Construction

site


Implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

Water bodies/

Wastewater

generation

Oily appearance

or smell of

wastewater

streams

Samples to test

wastewater which

will be discharged

(pH odour, TSS,

COD, BOD, Oil

& Grease…etc)

Petrojet , the

Contractor (via

third party)

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Continuous

during

construction

and

hydrostatic

testing

Construction

site

Site observation 1- Sam

pling cost

General

Implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

Wastewater

analysis after

hydrostatic

testing

Petrojet , the

Contractor (via

third party)

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Before

wastewater

discharge

Construction

site

Chemical

analysis

2- Sam

pling cost

General

Implementat

26


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility for

implementation


Duration


Cost

Samples to test

wastewater which

will be discharged

(pH odour, TSS,

COD, BOD, Oil

& Grease…etc)

ion/

supervision

cost

Soil/Land Use Recording any

spills or leakages

incidents and

periodically

analyzing these

data.

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Upon

detection of

any spillage or

leakage

incidence

Construction

site


Implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

Surveying of

structural status

of buildings and

performing soil

investigations

Petrojet , the

Contractor (via

third party)

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Yearly, if

necessary

Structural

consultancy firm

for the affected

site (if any)

Structural

consultancy firm

General

Implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

The pipeline

route should be

revisited and

investigated at

Petrojet , the

Contractor (via

third party)

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

After end of

construction

Construction

site

Site investigation General

Implementat

ion/

27


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility for

implementation


Duration


Cost

the end of the

construction

phase to ensure

that the land has

been restored to

its original

conditions before

the project

supervision

cost

Occupational

Health and

Safety

PPEs, first aid

kits, emergency

plans, fire-

fighting

equipment,

….etc.

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Daily Construction

site

Observation General

Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

3- Trai

ning Cost

Temporary

land

acquisition and

crop damage

Complaints and

grievances from

PAPs about fair

compensation

and procedures


GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Monthly Project Site

Documentation

offices

Review list of

PAPs, meetings

with the PAPs,

compensation

receipts,

General implementation/supervision cost

28


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility for

implementation


Duration


Cost

Compensation

Committee

grievances, and

follow up forms

Permanent

land

acquisition for

valve rooms

(willing buyer –

willing seller

approach)

Complaints and

grievances from

PAPs about fair

compensation

and procedures


Compensation

Committee

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer


Documentation

offices

Review list of

PAPs, contracts,

grievances, and

follow up forms

General

implementat

ion/supervis

ion cost

Operation

Hazards and

Accidents

Patrolling

reports for the

pipeline

GASCO

inspection

Department in

the pipeline’s area

GASCO

inspection

Department

in the head

office

2 weeks, 1

month or 6

months

(According to

pipeline Class

Table )

Pipeline route Patrolling

schedule

GASCO

Managemen

t cost

Regular

inspection and

maintenance

GASCO

maintenance

Department in

the pipeline’s area

GASCO

maintenance

Department

in the head

office

Quarterly

(According to

the inspection

and

Pipeline route Inspection and

maintenance

time plan

GASCO

Managemen

t cost

29


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility for

implementation


Duration


Cost

maintenance

time plan)

Leakage survey

and pipeline

pressure

parameters

(through SCADA

system)

GASCO

inspection

department/

GASCO

operation

department in the

pipeline’s area

GASCO

inspection

department/

GASCO

operation

department

in the head

office

2 weeks, 1

month or 6

months

(According to

the leakage

survey

schedule)/

continuous

monitoring

Pipeline route

and

documentation

office

Leakage Survey

Schedule/

operational log

GASCO

Managemen

t cost

30


Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ______________________________________________________________2

INTRODUCTION 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) _________________________2 APPROACH TO THE STUDY _____________________________________________________________3 PROJECT OVERVIEW _________________________________________________________________3

Construction Phase ....................................................................................................................4 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................5

PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ______________________________________________________________5 POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS _____________________________________________6

Main Construction Impacts ........................................................................................................7 Main Operation Impacts ............................................................................................................7

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ____________________________________10

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ____________________________________________________________37

1 INTRODUCTION____________________________________________________________39

1.1 BACKGROUND ________________________________________________________39 1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW ____________________________________________________39 1.3 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY _______________________________________40

1.3.1 Approach to the Study....................................................................................... 40 1.3.2 Study Methodology ........................................................................................... 40 1.3.3 Data Collection Methodology ............................................................................ 41 1.3.4 Stakeholders’ Consultations .............................................................................. 42

2 LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ___________________________________44

2.1 PREFACE _________________________________________________________________44

2.2 NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ___________________________44

2.2.1 APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL LEGISLATIONS IN EGYPT _________________46

LAW 4/1994 (AMENDED BY 9/2009 AND 15/2015) _______________________________________46

PUBLIC CLEANLINESS LAW NUMBER 38/1967 ___________________________________________49

WATER AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS ________________________________50

EEAA ESIA GUIDELINES RELATED TO THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION ___________________________52

LAND ACQUISITION AND INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT __________________________________53

LAW NO. 94/2003, PROTECTION OF COMMUNITIES HUMAN RIGHTS LAWS ___________________53

WORK ENVIRONMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY __________________________54

PETROLEUM PIPELINES LAW 4/1988 __________________________________________________55

TRAFFIC RELATED LAWS ____________________________________________________________56

RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL TREATIES TO WHICH EGYPT IS A SIGNATORY ____________________56

2.3 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ___________________________________________57

2.3.1 OP 4.01 – ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ______________________________________58

2.3.2 OP 4.09 PEST MANAGEMENT _________________________________________________58

2.3.3 OP 4.11 – PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES _____________________________________59

2.3.4 OP 4.12 – INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT _______________________________________59

31


2.3.5 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND SAFETY GUIDELINES _________________59

2.4 GAP ANALYSIS FOR KEY EGYPTIAN AND WB ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ________________59

2.4.1 AIR QUALITY ______________________________________________________________59

2.4.2 WATER QUALITY ___________________________________________________________61

2.4.3 NOISE ___________________________________________________________________63

2.4.4 LAND ACQUISITION ISSUES __________________________________________________64

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ______________________________________________________67

3.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND _____________________________________________________67

3.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS _____________________________________________________69

3.2.1 NATURAL GAS COMPOSITION ________________________________________________69

3.2.2 PIPELINE ROUTE ___________________________________________________________70

3.2.3 PIPELINE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ___________________________________________77

3.2.4 Valve Rooms ..................................................................................................... 77

3.3 ACTIVITIES OF CONSTRUCTION PHASE _________________________________________78

3.3.1 Clearing and grading activities and Pipe transportation and storage.................. 78 3.3.2 Right of Way Activities ...................................................................................... 79 3.3.3 Excavation and trenching .................................................................................. 79 3.3.4 Pipe Laying and Trench Backfilling ..................................................................... 85 3.3.5 Leakage testing (Hydrostatic testing) ................................................................ 86 3.3.6 Dewatering ....................................................................................................... 86 3.3.7 Magnetic Cleaning and Geometric Pigging ........................................................ 87 3.3.8 Purging and Commissioning .............................................................................. 87 3.3.9 Pipeline Crossings ............................................................................................. 87 3.3.10 Construction work in the valve room ................................................................. 91

3.4 EXPECTED MACHINES AND TRUCKS ____________________________________________91

3.5 ACTIVITIES OF OPERATION PHASE ___________________________________________92 3.5.1 Pipeline Patrolling ............................................................................................. 92 3.5.2 Leakage Survey ................................................................................................. 93 3.5.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System) ................................. 93

3.6 RESOURCES CONSUMPTION _______________________________________________93 3.6.1 During Construction Phase ................................................................................ 93 3.6.2 During Operation Phase .................................................................................... 94

3.7 WASTE GENERATION ___________________________________________________94 3.7.1 During Construction Phase ................................................................................ 94 3.7.2 During Operation Phase .................................................................................... 94

3.8 THE EXPECTED TIMELINE OF THE PROJECT EXECUTION ______________________________94

4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS ____________________________95

4.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT _________________________________________95 4.1.1 TEMPERATURE________________________________________________________95 4.1.2 HUMIDITY __________________________________________________________96 4.1.3 RAINFALL ___________________________________________________________96 4.1.4 WIND _____________________________________________________________96 4.1.5 GEOLOGY ___________________________________________________________96 4.1.6 SOILS ______________________________________________________________97 4.1.7 WATER RESOURCES ____________________________________________________97

32


4.1.8 NATURAL HAZARDS ____________________________________________________97 4.1.9 TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ______________________________________97 4.1.10 PROTECTED AREAS _____________________________________________________98 4.1.11 SITE SPECIFIC AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AND NOISE _________________________________98

4.1.12 Protectorates .................................................................................................. 110 4.2 SOCIAL BASELINE _____________________________________________________110

4.2.1 PROJECT AREA_______________________________________________________110 4.2.2 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS ______________________________________________117

4.2.3 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS __________________________________________118 4.2.4 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROFILE ___________________________________________119 4.2.5 SOCIAL LAND USE OF THE ROUTE___________________________________________120 4.2.6 SOCIAL CONCERNS ____________________________________________________121

5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ______________________________________124

5.1 IMPACTS SIGNIFICANCE RANKING ____________________________________________124

5.1.1 RANKING METHODOLOGY __________________________________________________124

5.2 POSITIVE IMPACTS ________________________________________________________125

5.2.1 DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE __________________________________________125

5.2.2 DURING THE OPERATION PHASE _____________________________________________125

5.3 NEGATIVE IMPACTS _______________________________________________________126

5.3.1 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 126

5.3.2 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS DURING OPERATION ____________________________134

5.3.3 AFFECTED PARTIES ________________________________________________________136

5.4 SUMMARY OF THE EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ________________________137

6 ALTERNATIVES ___________________________________________________________143

6.1 THE “NO ACTION” ALTERNATIVE _____________________________________________143

6.2 PIPELINE INSTALLATION TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES ___________________________143

6.2.1 TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGIES ________________________________________________143

6.2.2 OPEN-CUT METHOD _______________________________________________________144

6.3 ROUTING ALTERNATIVES ___________________________________________________144

7 MITIGATION MEASURES ____________________________________________________146

7.1 MEASURES FOR IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ________________________146

7.1.1 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES FOR DUST EMISSIONS ________________________146

7.1.2 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES FOR GASEOUS EMISSIONS ____________________146

7.1.3 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR THE IMPACTS OF WATER BODIES/WASTEWATER GENERATION ____________________________________________________________________146

7.1.4 NOISE __________________________________________________________________147

7.1.5 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES FOR CONSTRUCTION WASTE GENERATION (HAZARDOUS AND NONHAZARDOUS WASTE) _________________________________________147

7.1.6 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR THE ECOLOGICAL (FAUNA AND FLORA) IMPACTS ________149

7.1.7 MITIGATION OF TRAFFIC DISRUPTIONS ________________________________________149

33


7.1.8 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR HAZARDS AND ACCIDENTS _________________________149

7.1.9 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY ___________________________________________149

7.1.10 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY _________________________________________150

7.1.11 DAMAGE TO EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE ______________________________________150

7.1.12 TEMPORARY LAND ACQUISITION ____________________________________________150

7.1.13 PERMANENT LAND ACQUISITION (VALVE ROOMS) ______________________________151

7.1.14 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES FOR LAND USE______________________________151

7.1.15 Temporary land use of workers camps ............................................................ 152 7.1.16 Child labor ...................................................................................................... 152

7.1.17 MITIGATION OF STREET RESTORATION ________________________________________152

7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE ________________153

7.2.1 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR HAZARDS AND ACCIDENTS _________________________153

7.2.2 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY ___________________________________________154

8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (ESMMP) ____156

8.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESM&MP _______________________________________________156

8.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION ___________________________156

8.2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE OF IMPLEMENTING AGENCY __________157

8.2.2 SOCIAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE OF IMPLEMENTING AGENCY ___________________160

8.3 MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE ___162

8.3.1 MANAGEMENT OF AIR QUALITY _____________________________________________162

8.3.2 MANAGEMENT OF WATER USE/WASTEWATER GENERATION ______________________162

8.3.3 MANAGEMENT OF NOISE ___________________________________________________162

8.3.4 MANAGEMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM ___________________________________162

8.3.5 MANAGEMENT OF LAND USE________________________________________________162

8.3.6 MANAGEMENT OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION ______________________________________162

8.3.7 MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDS AND ACCIDENTS __________________________________163

8.3.8 MANAGEMENT OF SOLID, CONSTRUCTION AND HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION ____163

8.3.9 MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY ___________________________163

8.3.10 MANAGEMENT FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ________________________163

8.3.11 MANAGEMENT OF POSSIBLE RISK ON DAMAGING THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE ____163

8.3.12 MANAGEMENT OF CHILD LABOR _____________________________________________163

8.3.13 MANAGEMENT OF STREET RESTORATION______________________________________163

8.4 MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING THE OPERATION PHASE ______163

8.4.1 MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDS AND ACCIDENTS __________________________________164

8.5 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES TABLE ______________________________________________165

Child Labor 173

34


9 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM (ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS) __________________________________________________________________183

9.1 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR GRIEVANCES ______________________________183

9.2 GRIEVANCES TIRES ________________________________________________________183

9.3 GRIEVANCE CHANNELS _____________________________________________________184

9.4 RESPONSE TO GRIEVANCES _________________________________________________184

9.5 MONITORING OF GRIEVANCES ______________________________________________185

10 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION _______________________186

10.1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR CONSULTATION _____________________________________186 10.2. CONSULTATION OBJECTIVES ______________________________________________186 10.3. DEFINING RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS ________________________________________187 10.4. CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY AND ACTIVITIES ________________________________190 10.5. SCOPING CONSULTATION EVENT ___________________________________________191

10.5.1. Participants Profile .......................................................................................... 191 10.5.2. Summary of the Discussions ............................................................................ 192

10.6. SECOND PUBLIC CONSULTATION EVENT ______________________________________198

10.6.1. Participants profile .......................................................................................... 199 10.6.2. Summary of discussions .................................................................................. 199 10.6.3. Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 206

11 REFERENCES _____________________________________________________________208

List of Tables

Table 1-1 -Mitigation Measures and supervision responsibility during construction and operation phases ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10

Table 1-2 -Monitoring indicators and responsibility during construction and operation phases ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20

Table 1-1 - Stakeholder's Analysis of the project ---------------------------------------------- 42

Table 2-1 Maximum Limits of Outdoor Air Pollutants (Annex 5 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) -------------------------------------------------------------------- 46

Table 2-2 Allowable Emission levels from Asphalt mixing units (Table 12 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012 --------------------------------------------------- 47

Table 2-3 Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using gasoline fuel (Table 23 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) -------------------- 48

Table 2-4 Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using diesel fuel (Table 24 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) ----------------------------- 48

Table 2-5 Maximum permissible noise level limits for the project area (from Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations, Table 3) ------------------------------------------------------------- 48

Table 2-6 Standards and specifications of the fresh waterways to which industrial waste water can be discharged (Article 49 of the ER of Law 48/1982) ---------------------------- 50

35


Table 2-7 Standards and specifications of wastewater discharged to public sewage system (Article 14 of the ER of Law 93/1962) --------------------------------------------------------- 52

Table 2-8 Permissible noise levels inside sites of productive activities (Table 1, Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations) -------------------------------------------------------------------- 54

Table 2-9 Maximum Permissible Exposure to Heavy Hammers (Table 2, Annex 7 of Executive Regulations) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55

Table 2-10 World Bank Safeguard Operational Policies and their applicability to the project ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 57

Table 2-11 Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB standards -- 59

Table 2-12 Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Water Quality ---------- 61

Table 2-13 - Limits for discharge of liquid effluent into sewer system --------------------- 62

Table 2-14 Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Ambient Noise -------- 63

Table 2-15 Limits for ambient noise as per Egyptian and WB requirements ------------- 63

Table 2-16 Limits noise exposure in Work environments as per Egyptian and WB requirements ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64

Table 3-1 - General natural gas composition of the national network ---------------------- 69

Table 3-2 –Main Crossing of the pipelines ----------------------------------------------------- 76

Table 3-3 - Location Class as defined by GASCO -------------------------------------------- 92

Table 4-4 Monthly Average Minimum and Maximum Temperatures in Alexandria for the Year 2015 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96

Table 4-5 Monthly Average Relative Humidity (RH %) in El Amreya (Abu El Mattamir) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96

Table 4-6: Daily average precipitation in El Amreya (Abu el Matamir ), ------------------- 96

Table 4-7Average Wind Speed (km/hr) ----------------------------------------------------- 96

Table 4-5 Coordinates of the AA and noise locations ---------------------------------------- 98

Table 4-6 Daily average results (µg/m3) First Location --------------------------------------- 99

Table 4-7 Daily average results (µg/m3) Second Location --------------------------- 101

Table 4-8 Daily average results (µg/m3) Third Location------------------------------------ 104

Table 4-9 Ambient Noise Levels Readings First Location --------------------------------- 107

Table 4-10 Ambient Noise Levels Readings at Second Location ------------------------- 108

Table 4-11 Ambient Noise Levels Readings at Third Location---------------------------- 109

Table 4-11: Administrative Division of study area in Beheira Governorate ------------- 117

Table 4-12: Administrative Division of study areas in Alexandria Governorate ------- 117

Table 4-13: Distribution of number of households according to gender at the level of villages in the study areas ----------------------------------------------------------------- 118

Table 4-14: Growth rate in project’s areas ------------------------------------------------ 118

36


Table 4-15: Poverty index in Project Areas --------------------------------------------------- 119

Table 4-16: The education in the project areas ----------------------------------------------- 119

Table 4-17: Work Status in the Project Areas ------------------------------------------------ 120

Table 5-1 - Scale used in Severity and Frequency Ranking of Impacts ------------------- 124

Table 5-2 Summary of the expected environmental impacts during the construction and operation phases of the project----------------------------------------------------------------- 137

Table 7-1 - Pipelines Class and Patrolling Frequency --------------------------------------- 153

Table 8-1 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during construction and operation phases ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 166

Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring during Construction and Operation phases --- 174

Table 10-1: Main stakeholders identified for the project ----------------------------------- 187

Table 10-2 - Distribution of participants by profession ------------------------------------ 191

Table 10-3: Key comments and concerns raised during the public consultation 195

Table 10-4: Distribution of participants by profession ------------------------------------- 199

Table 10-5: Key comments and concerns raised during the public consultation -------- 203

37


ANSI American National Standards Institute

API American Petroleum Institute

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM American Society for Testing Materials

BP Bank Procedure

CAA Competent Administrative Authority

dB Decibel

EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency

EGAS Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company

EGPC Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation

EHS Environmental Health and Safety

EM Environmental Management

EMS Environmental Management System

EMU Environmental Management Unit

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

GASCO The Egyptian Natural Gas Company

GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism

HC Hydrocarbons

HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling

HSE Health and Safety Environment

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IFC International Finance Corporation

ILO International Labor Organization

ISO International Organization for Standardization

IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature

LAeq Equivalent noise level; the average acoustic pressure at the level of measurement

LCpeak Peak sound pressure level

LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas

MWRI Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

List of Abbreviations

38


MMSCMD Million Metric Standard Cubic Meters per Day

NGO Non-governmental Organization

OP Operational Policy

OSH Occupational Safety and Health

OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems

PAP Potential affected people

PM Particulate Matter

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

ROW Right of Way

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System

TSP Total Suspended Particles

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

WB World Bank

39


1.1 Background

The current Egyptian strategy is to increase the amount of electricity generation in power

plants to meet the increasing demand in the residential and industrial sector. Most of the

planned power plants operate using fossil fuels. Compared to other fossil fuels, Natural

Gas is considered as a cleaner fossil fuel. 90% of power plants in Egypt are using natural

gas as source of fuel to generate electricity after the new successful gas explorations in the

Mediterranean.

The main entity responsible for the management of the natural gas in Egypt is the Ministry

of Petroleum. The Ministry’s responsibility starts with the excavation projects for new

fields and continues with the discovery, processing, transportation and delivery of gas to

the different users (residential, industrial and power production sectors) with the aim of

satisfying the local requirements of natural gas. The Egyptian Natural Gas Company

(GASCO) was established in March 1997 with its main mission is natural gas transmission

& Distribution according to the plan of the Ministry of Petroleum.

Raven gas field is one of those fields which GASCO (the Egyptian natural gas company)

decided to procure, construct and operate a new gas pipeline to transfer rich gas from

Raven gas field in north Alexandria to the western desert gas complex (WDGC) and

Amreya Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plant in Alexandria. The extracted gas will be

transported through a new gas pipeline, hereunder named ‘’the project’’, with 70 km length

and 30’’ inch diameter to WDGC and 5 km length 18” inch dimeter to Amreya LPG.

The proposed project will be funded from the World Bank(WB) by the excess of fund

from the south-helwan project (due to a change in scope of south helwan project, there is

loan saving of US$ 74.6 m which GASCO decided to employ it in the proposed project).

As stipulated by Egyptian legislations, namely law 4 year 2004 and amendment law 9 year

2009, an Environment and Social Impacts Assessment (ESIA) should be prepared prior

to the execution of gas connection projects and approval from the Egyptian

Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) should be obtained prior to project

commencement. Additionally, as the project is funded from the WB GASCO must ensure

that project implementation will adhere to WB standards. EcoConServ had been retained

by GASCO to conduct an ESIA complies with the national and international standards.

1.2 Project Overview








1 Introduction

40





pipeline

The 30’’ pipeline is passing through Beheira and Alexandria Governorates with a total

length of 70 km, 42 km in Beheira governorate and 28 km in Alexandria governorate. It

will pass by 7 valve rooms (3 rooms existing and 4 rooms are proposed to be constructed)

and 18 intersects with asphalet roads, lakes and rail ways.

The route of the 18’’ pipeline line starts from valve room 1’ proposed to be constructed

on the proposed Raven 30’’ natural gas pipeline from the south side of el Amoom drainage

in Alexandria and then runs north-west for a distance of 4.5 km inside a Salt Lake (Malahat)

and Mariout lake to reach the proposed valve room 2’ next to the fence of the existing

Amreya Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Company and extend within the company for a

distance of 500 meters until it reaches the end point at valve Room 3’ with total distance

of 5 km, 3 proposed valve rooms and 2 intersections.

The construction and laying down of the pipeline is done through digging trenches, except

in areas of intersections with major waterways and roads, where the Horizontal Directional

Drilling (HDD) technology will be used.

EcoConServ has been awarded the consultancy service for the preparation of an

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) including a Resettlement Action

Plan (RAP) for the project. The ESIA presents the potential environmental and social

impacts expected from the proposed project activities on the surrounding areas, and the

proposed mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure the elimination or reduction of

any possible adverse effects.

1.3 Study Approach and Methodology

1.3.1 Approach to the Study

The ESIA is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Egyptian Environmental

Affairs Agency (EEAA) for the Environmental Impact Assessment studies for the oil and

gas sector projects, and the relevant World Bank (WB) Environmental and Social

Safeguard operational policies and the Environmental Health and Safety guidelines.

1.3.2 Study Methodology

The preparation of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment is done according

to the following approach:

Kick off meetings with GASCO project’s team to understand their plans and

activities related to the proposed project;

41


Conducting site visits to the project site, to collect the baseline data regarding the

current environmental and social situation for the areas crossing by the route of

the pipeline;

Ensure compliance with local environmental regulations and standards and the

World Bank regulations relevant to the project type and activities;

Reviewing the available information and documents regarding the project

including the required governmental permits;

Carry out air and noise measurements in different areas crossing by the pipeline

and comparing with national and international allowable limits;

Assessment and evaluation of potential impacts of the proposed project;

Development of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP);

Perform public consultations and disclosure activities will be undertaken to ensure

the project is well consulted and disseminated; and

Develop an institutional development plan to ensure effective and efficient

implementation of the proposed environmental and social management and

monitoring activities.

1.3.3 Data Collection Methodology

Data concerning the path and surrounding areas

The data required for the report preparation were gathered through meetings with

GASCO detailing the route path and crossings, the engineering details of the pipeline lines,

construction and operation activities, and governmental approvals. Other project-specific

data were gathered from the site visits conducted to inspect the land use in the areas

surrounding the pipeline route. The site visits was conducted in a way to cover as much

area as possible along the pipeline path designed by GASCO, through moving on the roads

adjacent to the path whenever possible.

A preliminary desk review and study of the maps with the designed pipeline path was

carried out to identify the potential sensitive receptors around the project site, and during

the visit, the sensitive receptors were confirmed and the baseline measurements (Air

quality and noise) were conducted. During the site visits, the study team had several stops

to photograph areas of importance around the proposed pipeline locations and identify

the different flora and fauna species which will potentially be affected by the project

activities.

Data concerning the meteorological conditions, soil topography and geology as well as

water availability and quality were collected through desk review of recent studies

conducted in the area of the pipeline path.

Social Project-related Data

EcoConServ has adopted a multistage analysis strategy, several data collection methods and tools were applied using the Participatory Rapid Appraisal approach. This approach

42


ensures that local community groups participated to the study. Data was collected in coordination with relevant stakeholders including local administration units (district and village levels) and the local NGO’s.

The consultant has also reviewed relevant secondary data sources such as: studies, reports and previous literature. The research team has conducted several field visits to assess the baseline conditions.

A number of qualitative data collection tools were applied to ensure different community groups participated to the study. The applied methodology in the social impact assessment can be summarized as follows:

Figure 1-1 - Methodology for Description of the Social Baseline

1.3.4 Stakeholders’ Consultations

Stakeholder’s analysis is one of the tools that helped the consultant identify relevant groups of stakeholders and their interest in the project as which may facilitate different project activities. Stakeholder’s analysis is an important tool at the initial stages of the project, which might contribute to define and mitigate several negative impacts at an early stage. Stakeholder’s can help enhance the social benefits related to the project at the local community level.

Table 1-1 - Stakeholder's Analysis of the project

Stakeholders group Roles

Potential Affected Communities

They are the potential Project Affected Persons (PAPs), i.e. They will receive the impacts of the project. Additionally. Given their vulnerable status they might be severely affected by positive or negative impacts.

Community leaders The main stakeholders, they have the experience and the knowledge and they have a strong impact on the local community especially at rural areas.

18 interviews

Agricultural cooperatives

Fishing Authority

Petroleum Companies

NGOs

Water Surface Authority

Alexandria and BeheiraGovernorate

Environment department

Roads Authority

Agricultural directorate

Government entities

43 interviews

Farmers

Community members at target villages

Fishermen at the fish farms

Owners of fish farms

Owners of Commercial entities

Local Community

Interviews with GASCO staff

GASCO

43


Stakeholders group Roles

Local Governmental Units at main and satellite villages

Responsible for providing and financing infrastructure services at local areas. They are also able to coordinate among different development projects and initiatives.


They are responsible for providing the prices of the crops during the valuation process as well as provide data about the land’s owners and rent during the census survey.

EEAA The authority responsible for approving the ESIA study as part of the implementation requirements.

EEAA regional office in Beheira and Alexandria Governorates

Environment department is responsible for monitoring the implementation of ESMP.

GASCO The owner of the project, the main government authority concerned with supervising the project activities and implementation of the project.

Beneficiaries (Western Desert Gas Complex)

The main beneficiaries from the project may be subject to some positive/negative impacts. They play a significant role in project success and sustainability.

NGO’s

Participating in providing capacity building activities and supporting the local community finding alternative livelihood opportunities during construction. They can also play a role in disclosure of the compensation procedures.

Media They disclose information about the project.

44


2.1 Preface

The World Bank has defined 10 environmental and social safeguard policies that must be

considered to its financed projects. Applicability of such policies to this project is

overviewed and discussed in subsequent sections.

Egyptian legislation provides environmental compliance procedures and emission limits

which are at least comparable with WB/international requirements, if not more stringent.

GASCO is bound by internal policies, which obligate them to comply with national legal

requirements. In the case that national requirements are non-existent for specific issues or

pollutants, WB requirements will be adopted.

2.2 National Administrative and Legal Framework

The following is a brief description of the different national authorities and institutions of relevance with respect to environmental assessments including Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs).

The main legal instrument dealing with environmental issues in Egypt is Law 4/1994,

amended by Law 9/2009 and law 5/2015 and its Executive Regulations amended by

decree 1095/2011, then 710/2012 and 964/2015, commonly known as the Law on

Protection of the Environment. The law deals mostly with the protection of the

environment against pollution. Prime Ministerial Decree 631 of 1982 established the

EEAA as the competent body for environmental matters in Egypt. Law 4 also stipulates

the role of the EEAA as the main regulatory agency for environmental matters.

According to Article 1 of Law 4, the legal entity responsible for a given project is required

to carry out an assessment of the project's potential impacts on the natural and socio-

cultural environment before implementing that project. The findings of the assessment are

submitted to the EEAA for review and approval before other relevant governmental

authorities can issue their permits for implementing the project.

An ESIA is required to be prepared as an integrated part of the project planning process,

according to EEAA requirements. The ESIA will help to ensure that environmental

concerns are taken into account along with technical and economic considerations.

The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) is an authorized state body

regulating environmental management issues. Egyptian laws identify three main roles of

the EEAA:

It has a regulatory and coordinating role in most activities, as well as an executive

role restricted to the management of natural protectorates and pilot projects.

The agency is responsible for formulating the environmental management (EM)

policy, setting the required action plans to protect the environment. Following-up

their execution in coordination with Competent Administrative Authorities

(CAAs).

2 Legislative and Regulatory Framework

45


EEAA is responsible for review and approve of the environmental impact

assessment studies.

EMU (Environmental Management Unit at Governorate and District level) is responsible

for the environmental performance of all projects/facilities within the governorates

premises. The governorate has established environmental management units at both the

governorate and city/district level. The EMU is responsible for the protection of the

environment within the governorate boundaries and are mandated to undertake both

environmental planning and operation-oriented activities. The environmental

management unit is mandated to:

Follow-up on the environmental performance of the projects within the

governorate during both construction and operation phases to ensure that the

project abides by laws and regulations as well as mitigation measures included in

its ESIA approval.

Investigate any environmental complaint filed against projects within the

governorate

The EMU are affiliated administratively to the governorate, yet are technically

affiliated to EEAA.

The governorate has a solid waste management unit at the governorate and district

level. The units are responsible for the supervision of solid waste management

contracts.

The CAAs are the entities responsible for issuing licenses for projects construction and

operation. The ESIA is considered one of the requirements of licensing. The CAAs are

thus responsible for receiving the ESIA forms of studies, check the information included

in the documents concerning the location, suitability of the location to the project activity

and ensure that the activity does not contradict with the surrounding activities and that

the location does not contradict with the ministerial decrees related to the activity. The

CAA forwards the documents to EEAA for review. They are the main interface with the

project proponents in the ESIA system. The CAA is mandated to:

Provide technical assistance to Project Proponents

Ensure the approval of the Project Site

Receive ESIA Documents and forward it to EEAA

Follow-up the implementation of the ESIA requirements during post construction

field investigation (before the operation license)

After submission of an ESIA for review, the EEAA may request revisions in the ESIA

report within 30 days, including additional mitigation measures, before issuing the

approval of the report. GASCO will have the right to issue an appeal within 30 days from

its receipt of the EEAA’s decision. It should be noted that once the ESIA has been

approved, the ESMP as will be presented in the report, will be considered an integral part

of the project; and the GASCO will be legally responsible for the implementation of that

46


plan, depending on their involvement in construction or operation. It is therefore worth

mentioning that the GASCO must ensure that all mitigation measures and environmental

requirements described in the ESMP have been clearly referred to in the tender documents

for the construction works, the construction contracts, and have been respected. GASCO

will follow-up on the construction contractor to ensure that the ESMP is adequately

implemented in the construction phase.

According to the guidelines of the ESIA preparation issued by the EEAA, projects are

classified into three categories according to the severity of possible environmental impacts

and location of the establishment and its proximity to residential settlements: Category

(A): projects with minimum environmental impacts, Category (B): projects with potential

adverse environmental impacts yet less than category C, and Category (C): Projects which

have highly adverse impacts. These are required to prepare a full EIA study.

Based on these categories, the proposed Natural Gas lines project is classified as “C” under

the Egyptian requirements. Class C projects require full ESIAs including public

consultation sessions, a scoping session and a public consultation session.

2.2.1 Applicable Environmental and Social Legislations in Egypt

The Egyptian environmental law covers many aspects, such as air quality, water quality,

noise, solid waste management and occupational health and safety. Each of these aspects

will be discussed in details and the allowable limits for the different aspects included

according to applicability to the project.

Mitigation measures are mentioned in Chapter 7 of the study to ensure compliance with

these legislations.

Regulations for the Protection of Air Environment from Pollution

According to the provisions of Articles 34 through 40, 42, 43, and 47 in Law 4/1994

amended by Law 9/2009, and Article 42, annex 5,6 in the Executive Regulations, the

project developer must ensure the following:

1. The site of the project must be selected properly to suit the project activity in order

to ensure that the total pollution emitted by the proposed project during the

construction and operation phases will not exceed the maximum permissible limits

for the pollutants in the ambient air as listed below:

Table 0-1 Maximum Limits of Outdoor Air Pollutants (Annex 5 of the Executive

Regulations amended in 2012)

Pollutant Location

Area

Maximum Limit

[µg/m3]

1hour 8hours 24hours 1Year

Sulphur Dioxide Urban 300 125 50

Law 4/1994 (amended by 9/2009 and 15/2015)

47


Pollutant Location

Area

Maximum Limit

[µg/m3]

1hour 8hours 24hours 1Year

Industrial 350 150 60

Carbon Monoxide Urban

Industrial

30

mg/m3

10

mg/m3

-

-

-

-

Nitrogen Dioxide Urban

Industrial

300

300

-

-

150

150

60

80

Ozone Urban

Industrial

180

180

120

120

-

-

-

-

Total Suspended Particles (TSP) Urban

Industrial

-

-

-

-

230

230

125

125

Particulate Matter less than 10

µm (PM10)

Urban

Industrial

-

-

-

-

150

150

70

70

Particulate Matter less than 25

µm (PM2.5)

Urban

Industrial

-

-

-

-

80

80

50

50

Suspended Particles Measured

as Black Smokes

Urban

Industrial

-

-

-

-

150

150

60

60

Lead Urban

Industrial

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.5

1.0

Ammonia (NH3) Urban

Industrial

-

-

-

-

120

120

-

-

Other limits include the allowable limits for pollutants emissions in air from the different

sources which are detailed in annex 6 of the Executive regulations amended by decree

1095/2011, 710/2012 and 964/2015. The limits relevant to the current project scope are

the pollution limit from asphalt mixing units which will be utilized to return the roads to

their original state after the project completion, and the limits of emissions from vehicles

which are shown in the following tables.

Table 0-2 Allowable Emission levels from Asphalt mixing units (Table 12 of Annex 6 of

the Executive Regulations amended in 2012

Maximum Allowable Emissions Level (mg/m3)

Total Suspended Solids

(TSP) Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Total Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOCs)

50 500 50

- Reference conditions (at 13% O2, temperature of 273 Kelvin, and 1 atm pressure).

- The asphalt mixing unit should be placed at a minimum distance of 500 m from

the nearest residential area, taking into consideration the prevailing wind direction.

48


Table 0-3 Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using gasoline fuel

(Table 23 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012)

Before the year 2003 From 2003 to 2009 Year 2010 and later

Pollutants Hydrocarbons

HC (ppm)

CO% HC

(ppm)

CO% HC

(ppm)

CO%

Maximum

allowable

Limit

600 4 300 1.5 200 1.2

Measurements should be done at the idle speed from 600 to 900 rpm.

Table 0-4 Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using diesel fuel

(Table 24 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012)

Manufacturing Year

(model)

Before the year 2003 From 2003 and later

Smoke density factor K (m-1) 2.8 2.65

Measurements are done in accordance with the ISO-11614 international standard.

Noise

Article 42 of the environmental law states that during the construction and operation

phases of the project, the resulting noise levels must not exceed the sound intensity levels

given by Table 3 of Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations when carrying out production,

service or other activities, particularly when operating machinery and equipment or using

sirens and loudspeakers. The table lists the maximum permissible noise level limits

according to area type as per the following designation:

Sensitive areas to noise exposure;

Residential suburbs with low traffic flow;

Commercial and administrative areas in city center;

Residential areas with some workshops, administrative activities, or recreational

and entertainment activities overlooking public roads less than 12 meters,

Areas overlooking public roads more than or equal 12 meters, or industrial areas

with light industries; and

Industrial Zone with heavy industries

Table 0-5 Maximum permissible noise level limits for the project area

(from Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations, Table 3)

AREA TYPE

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE

EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL

[dB(A)]

49


Day Night

7 AM – 10 PM 10 PM – 7 AM

Sensitive areas to noise exposure 50 40

Residential suburbs with low traffic flow 55 45

Commercial and administrative areas in city

center

60 50

Residential areas with some workshops,

administrative activities, or recreational and

entertainment activities overlooking public

roads less than 12 meters

65 55

Areas overlooking public roads more than or

equal 12 meters, or industrial areas with light

industries

70 60

Industrial Zone with heavy industries 70 70

Waste Management Regulations

In general, the law prohibits the disposal of any solid wastes except in areas designated for

this purpose through article 37, and articles 38, 39 and 41 of the executive regulations

which require that during excavation, construction or demolition activities, the entity

undertaking the work must take the necessary precautions to safely store and transport the

resulting wastes in accordance with the set procedure.

Regarding the hazardous wastes, and in accordance with the provisions of articles 29 to

33 of law 4/1994 which is equivalent to law 9/2009 and articles 28, 31 and 33 of the

executive regulations, the entity producing hazardous wastes in gaseous, liquid or solid

form is committed to collect and transport the generated waste to designated disposal sites

which are predetermined by the local authorities, the competent administrative authorities

and the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency.

The hazardous waste should be collected in specific locations with clear warning signs and

oral or written instructions for safety conditions that prevent the occurrence of any

damage generally or to people who get exposed to it. Additionally, the workers should be

trained on proper handling procedure.

The transportation vehicles used to transport hazardous waste should belong to licensed

entities that manage hazardous waste and follows the guidelines included in the executive

regulations.

Law 38 for the year 1967 amended by law 31/1976 and its Executive Regulations issued

by decree 134/1968 prohibit the dumping of solid wastes in any location other than those

Public Cleanliness Law Number 38/1967

50


designated by the municipal authorities. This includes solid waste treatment and disposal,

in addition to the temporary storage in undesignated containers. Article 1 of the Ministry

of Housing and Utilities decree 134/1968 defines solid waste as any waste generated by

persons, residential units, non-residential constructions such as commercial

establishments, camps, animal cages, slaughterhouses, markets, public spaces, parks, and

transportation methods.

The Public Cleanliness Law and its Executive Regulations requires the municipal authority

responsible for public cleanliness or the contracted entity assigned by it for the collection,

transportation, and disposal of solid wastes, to carry out these processes in accordance

with the specifications stipulated in the Executive Regulations and any other regulations

by the municipal authority.

Hazardous waste from Petroleum sector

Petroleum and Mineral Resources ministerial decree number 1352/2007 defines the

hazardous waste materials generated from the petroleum industry, and prohibits handling

of these hazardous waste except by entities authorized by Egyptian General Petroleum

Corporation (EGPC).

Protection of Nile River Water Law 48/1982

The protection of the Nile River and water law number 48 for the year 1982 defines the

water ways to which this law is applicable as Fresh water and non-fresh water sources. The

fresh water sources are: the river Nile and its branches and bays, as well as the branches

and canals of all sizes and the non-fresh water sources are: all types of open type drainages,

lakes, ponds and enclosed water bodies and underground water reservoirs.

The law states that for all the stated water ways, it is prohibited to dispose or dump any

solid, liquid or gaseous waste from all residential, commercial and industrial activities as

well as waste water unless an approval is obtained from the Ministry of Water Resources

and Irrigation according to the regulations issued in this regard.

Standards and Specifications of fresh waterways

Article 49 of the executive regulations details the standards and specifications of the fresh

waterways to which industrial waste water can be discharged as follows:

Table 0-1 Standards and specifications of the fresh waterways to which industrial waste

water can be discharged (Article 49 of the ER of Law 48/1982)

Parameter Limit

(mg/liter)

Total dissolved solids < 500

dissolved Oxygen > 6

Water and Wastewater Management Regulations

51


Parameter Limit

(mg/liter)

pH 6.5 – 8.5

Biological Oxygen Demand < 6

Chemical Oxygen Demand < 10

Organic nitrogen < 1

Ammonia (NH3) < 0.5

Nitrates (NO3) < 2

Total Nitrogen (TN) < 3.5

Total Phosphorous (TP) < 0.5

Oil and grease <0.1

Sulphates < 200

Mercury < 0.001

Iron < 0.5

Manganese < 0.2

Cupper < 0.01

Zinc < 0.01

Fluorides < 0.5

Phenol < 0.002

Arsenic < 0.01

Cadmium < 0.001

Chromium < 0.05

Free Cyanide < 0.005

Lead < 0.01

Selenium < 0.01

Boron < 0.5

Molybdenum < 0.07

Nickel < 0.02

Aldrin, dialdrin < 0.00003

Achlor < 0.02

Decarb < 0.01

Atrazine < 0.002

Bentazon < 0.03

Carbofuran < 0.007

Chlordane < 0.0002

Dichlorobrote < 0.03

Phenobrote < 0.009

Mircrobrote < 0.01

T 2, 4, 5 < 0.009

Industrial Wastewater Disposal Law 93/1962

52


The industrial wastewater disposal into the drainage systems is regulated by law 93/1962

and its executive regulations amended by decree 44/2000. The law prohibits the disposal

of domestic, industrial and commercial wastewater, treated or untreated, in public drainage

system without obtaining a prior approval.

Article 14 of the executive regulations set the parameters required regarding the quality of

the wastewater discharged to the public sewage network.

Table 0-2 Standards and specifications of wastewater discharged to public sewage

system (Article 14 of the ER of Law 93/1962)

Parameter Limit in the disposed wastewater

(pH) 6-9.5

Temperature 43

BOD5 600 ppm

COD 1100 ppm

Total suspended solids 800/100l

Dissolved solids 10 ppm

Oil and grease 100 ppm

Total nitrogen 100 ppm

Total phosphorous 25 ppm

cyanide(CN-) 0.02

Phenol 0.05 ppm

Deposited materials (after 10 minutes) 8 cm3/l

Deposited materials (after 30 minutes) 15 cm/l

Total heavy metals 5 mg/l

Chromium 6 0.5 mg/l

cadmium (Cd) 0.2 mg/l

lead(Pb) 1 mg/l

Mercury(Hg) 0.2 mg/l

Silver(Ag) 0.5 mg

Copper(Cu) 1.5 mg

Nickel(Ni) 1 mg/l

Bioter 2 mg/l

Arsenic(As) 2 mg/l

Boron(B) 1 mg/l

Mercury 0.2

Nickel 0.1

Silver 0.5

Consultation with the community and concerned parties, where all the stakeholders are

invited, should clearly provide attendees with the necessary information about the project.

EEAA ESIA guidelines related to the Public Consultation

53


Paragraph 6.4.3 of EEAA EIA guidelines provides detailed information about the scope

of public consultation, methodology and documentation thereof

Paragraph 6.4.3.1 Scope of Public Consultation

Paragraph 6.4.3.2 Methodology of Public Consultation

Paragraph 6.4.3.3 Documentation of the Consultation Results

Paragraph 7 Requirement and Scope of the Public Disclosure

The Egyptian Constitution has preserved the right of private property, Egyptian

Constitution (1971, amended in year 1980) and Egyptian Constitution (2014, articles 33

and 35). The Egyptian Civil code 131/1948, Articles 802-805 recognize private ownership

right and stipulates that the owner of a certain property has the sole right of using and/or

disposing his property.

Property expropriation for public benefit is indicated by Law No. 10 of year 1990 and its

amendments by law No. 1 for the year 2-15. The law describes the cases of Property

Expropriation for Public Benefit, considering gas projects as public benefit activities. Land

acquisition procedures according to this law are as follows:

1. The land acquisition procedures start with declaring the project for public interest.

Afterwards a presidential decree is issued accompanied with a memorandum

specifying the plots required for the project as well as a complete plan for the project

and its structures (Law 59/1979 & Law 3/1982 stipulated that the Prime Minister may

issue the Expropriation decree);

2. The decree and the accompanying memorandum must be published in the official

newspapers; a copy for the affected communities must be placed at the main offices

of the concerned Local Government unit.

This law has specified, through Article 6, the formation of the “Compensation Valuation

Commission”. This Article states that the commission is established at the Governorate

level and consists of a delegate from the relevant Ministry’s Surveying Body (as President),

a representative of the Agricultural Directorate, a representative of the Housing and

Utilities Directorate, and a representative of the Real Estate Taxes Directorate in the

Governorate. The compensation shall be estimated according to the prevailing market

prices at the time of the issuance of the Decree for Expropriation. Amendments of the

law in 2015 has specified the period allowed for submitting a grievance to be 15 days and

allowed additional 30 days to submit all relevant documents

Since pipeline is crossing by agriculture land, this will require a temporary land acquisition

leading to economic displacement hence all relevant legal actions are applicable according

to the Egyptian law. Land needed for the new valve rooms will be allocated under willing

buyer – willing seller scheme.

Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement

Law no. 94/2003, Protection of communities Human Rights Laws

54


The Law on Establishing the National Council for Human Rights (NCHR) aims to

promote, ensure respect, set values, raise awareness and ensure observance of human

rights. At the forefront of these rights and freedoms are the right to life and security of

individuals, freedom of belief and expression, the right to private property, the right to

resort to courts of law, and the right to fair investigation and trial when charged with an

offence.

Several laws and decrees tackle occupational health and safety provisions at the work place,

in addition to Articles 43 – 45 of Law 4/1994, which address air quality, noise, heat stress,

and the provision of protective measures to workers. These laws and decrees apply to the

work crew that will be involved in construction activities.

Law 12/2003 on Labor and Workforce Safety and Book V on Occupational Safety and

Health (OSH) and assurance of the adequacy of the working environment. The law also

deals with the provision of protective equipment to workers and fire-fighting/emergency

response plans. Moreover, the following laws and decrees should be considered:

Minister of Labor Decree 48/1967.


Minister of Industry Decree 91/1985


The environmental aspects that have to be taken in consideration for the workplace are

noise, ventilation, temperature, and health and safety, which are as follows

Noise

Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012 stipulates the permissible limits

for sound intensity and safe exposure times that must be observed by the operators for

the work areas and places within the proposed project.

Table 0-1 Permissible noise levels inside sites of productive activities

(Table 1, Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations)

No. Type Of Place And Activity

Maximum Permissible

Equivalent Noise Level

[Db(A)]

Exposure

Duration

1.

a) Work places (workshops and

industries) with up to 8 hour shifts

(licensed before 2014)

90 8

Work environment and occupational health and safety

55


b) Work places (workshops and

industries) with up to 8 hour shifts

(licensed since 2014)

85 8

For the first item (a, b) the exposure duration shall be decreased by half if the noise level

increases by 3 dB (A) combined with using ear plugs. This is to avoid any impacts on the

sense of hearing.

The instantaneous noise level shall not exceed 135 dB (A) during working period.

The noise level is measured inside working areas and closed areas in LAeq according to the

international guidelines (Parts 1&2) ISO 9612/ ISO 1996 or the Egyptian Specifications

No. 2836 part 1 & 2 and No. 5525 concerning this matter.

Equivalent noise level LAeq is the average acoustic pressure at the level of measurement (A)

during a specific time period, and expressed in dB.

Table 0-2 Maximum Permissible Exposure to Heavy Hammers (Table 2, Annex 7 of

Executive Regulations)

Peak Noise Intensity Level

[dB(A)] LcPeak

135 130 125 120 115

Number of Allowable Strikes

during Working Hours 300 1000 3000 10000 30000

The intermittent noise exposure depends on the noise level intensity presented in the

previous table (number of strikes per shift).

The hammer strikes are considered intermittent if the duration between strikes 1 second

or more. If the duration is less than 1 second, the strikes are considered continuous and

the noise level shall comply with Table 1 of Annex 7 of the executive regulations.

The petroleum pipelines law 4/1988 states that the owner of a property should allow the

passing of pipelines transporting liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons beneath the ground

surface in accordance with the procedure mentioned in the executive regulations (Decree

292/1988).

Article 2 of the law specifies that no buildings or trees, other than agricultural land trees,

should be constructed or planted at a distance less than 2 m on each side of the pipeline

inside urban and 6 m on each side of the pipeline outside the urban areas. If it is necessary

to place the pipelines at a closer distance than what is specified in the law, it is allowed

through a decision from the chairman of Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation

(EGPC); taking into consideration the necessary safety precautions.

The law also specifies that if the activities done in accordance to the law will result in

damage to the property, the owner has the right to a fair compensation to be decided by a

Petroleum pipelines Law 4/1988

56


committee formed by a decision from the Minister of Petroleum, and the executive

regulations include the guidelines for compensation estimation.

The applicable laws regarding the traffic and work done in relation to roads is governed

by Traffic law 66/1973 amended by law 121/2008 and updated in 2018. The law is

concerned with traffic planning during the construction of projects. Law 140/1956 is also

concerned with the utilization and blockage of public roads, and Law 84/1968 is also

concerned with public roads, including Highways, main roads and regional roads.

The governing laws require that no works that could affect the traffic flow be undertaken

without prior permission, and specifies that the competent administrative authority could

utilize public ways for a fee. The executive regulations of law 140/1956 outlines the

specifications for the management of construction and demolition debris, and in general

prohibits vehicle drivers to cause any road pollution by dumping wastes, or construction

wastes, or any other material.

2.3 Relevant international treaties to which Egypt is a signatory

Egypt has signed and ratified a number of international conventions that commit the

country to conservation of environmental resources.

International Plant Protection Convention (Rome 1951)

African convention on the conservation of nature and natural resources (Algeria

1968)

UNESCO Convention for the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage

(Paris, 16 November 1972)

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and

Flora (CITES) (Washington 1973)

International tropical timber (Geneva 1983)

Basel Convention on the control of trans-boundary movements of hazardous

wastes and their disposal (1989)

United Nations convention on climate change (New York 1992). The convention

covers measure to control greenhouse gas emissions from different sources

including transportation.

United Nations Convention on climate change and Kyoto Protocol (Kyoto 1997)

Convention on biological diversity (Rio de Janeiro 1992), which covers the

conservation of habitats, animal and plant species, and intraspecific diversity.

Convention for the protection of the ozone layer (Vienna 1985)

Convention for the prevention and control of occupational hazards caused by

carcinogenic substances and agents (Geneva 1974)

Convention for the protection of workers against occupational hazards in the

working environment due to air pollution, noise and vibration (Geneva 1977)

Traffic Related Laws

57


International Labor Organization: core labor standards are to be followed during

the project implementation. Egypt has been a member state of the International

Labor Organization (ILO) since 1936, and has ratified 64 conventions which

regulate the labor standards and work conditions. In 1988, Egypt ratified the

Occupational Safety and Health Convention of 1979 (No 152).

Cultural Heritage: respecting cultural heritage and not financing projects which

threaten the integrity of sites that have a high level of protection for reasons of

cultural heritage, e.g. UNESCO World Heritage sites

Consultation, Participation and Public Disclosure: The Aarhus Regulation

promotes transparency of environmental information and the inclusion of

stakeholders in projects. Consultation serves to identify and manage public

concern at an early stage. The regulations include provisions for the public

disclosure of key project information such as the Non-Technical Summary and the

ESIA.

2.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies

International funding agencies, such as the WB require that the projects they finance to be

in compliance with both the national standards as well as their own environmental and

social policies. Therefore, in addition to the national regulations, the project aims at

complying with the WB safeguard policies and guidelines. The policies help to ensure the

environmental and social soundness and sustainability of investment projects. They also

support integration of environmental and social aspects of projects into the decision-

making process. In addition, the policies promote environmentally sustainable

development by supporting the protection, conservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation

of natural habitats.

The World Bank (WB) has identified 10 environmental and social safeguard policies that

should be considered in its financed projects. The proposed project is classified as

Category A according to the World Bank. This mandates a full Environmental and Social

Impact Assessment (ESIA).

Table 0-1 World Bank Safeguard Operational Policies and their applicability to the

project

Safeguard Policy Triggered Justifications

Environmental Assessment

(OP/BP 4.01)

Yes The project is classified as Category A which

requires full environmental assessment.

Natural Habitats

(OP/BP 4.04)

No Location and alignment of project

components is mainly along (or close to)

previously paved paths. Protected Areas, if

encountered, will be avoided. Wherever the

pipeline will pass through cultivated

agricultural areas, it will be affected during the

construction activities only and returned to

the original condition before operation.

58


Safeguard Policy Triggered Justifications

Therefore, no permanent damage will be

caused from the project.

Forests (OP/BP 4.36) No Proposed project areas contain No forests.

Pest Management (OP 4.09) No The proposed project will not involve

purchasing or using Pesticides or herbicides..

Physical Cultural Resources

(OP/BP 4.11)

No Some of the proposed project activities,

mainly pipeline lying, will pass through

Behiera and Alexandria which has some

archeological sites. The line passes along the

existing natural gas hence chances of

archeological sites are limited. The project will

make sure to avoid any declared archeological

sites. However, procedures for chance finds

will be included.

Indigenous Peoples

(OP/BP 4.10)

No No indigenous people are identified in Egypt.

Involuntary Resettlement

(OP/BP 4.12)

Yes The project requires temporary involuntary

land acquisition during construction of the

lines in addition to allocation of the new valve

rooms (to be obtained under willing buyer –

willing seller scheme)

Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) No Not relevant to the proposed project

Projects on International

Waterways (OP/BP 7.50)

No Not relevant to the proposed project. The

pipeline will pass beneath the waterways. It

will not cross any water way.

Projects in Disputed Areas

(OP/BP 7.60)

No Not relevant to the proposed project

2.4.1 OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment

According to the World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.01, the Natural Gas Connection

Project is classified among Category A projects. Projects under this Category are likely to

have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive1, diverse, or

unprecedented.

Likely environmental impacts of the project shall be analyzed and mitigation measures

proposed for expected negative impacts, along with an Environmental Management and

Monitoring Plan.

2.4.2 OP 4.09 Pest Management The proposed project will not involve purchasing or using any pesticides or herbicides during the project activities including the right of way maintenance.

1 A potential impact is considered “sensitive” if it may be irreversible (e.g., lead to loss of a major natural habitat) or raise issues covered by OP 4.10, Indigenous People; OP 4.04, Natural Habitats; OP 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources; or OP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement.

http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/Institutional/Manuals/OpManual.nsf/944eea1d5fb31d95852564a30060b223/71432937fa0b753f8525672c007d07aa?OpenDocument

http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/institutional/manuals/opmanual.nsf/023c7107f95b76b88525705c002281b1/61a8fc9168e4c7fe852571b6006cdb54?OpenDocument

http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/institutional/manuals/opmanual.nsf/023c7107f95b76b88525705c002281b1/61a8fc9168e4c7fe852571b6006cdb54?OpenDocument

http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/Institutional/Manuals/OpManual.nsf/tocall/CA2D01A4D1BDF58085256B19008197F6?OpenDocument

59


2.4.3 OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources

Project areas may include sites, buildings and monuments that fall under the definition of

Physical Cultural Resources2. As the project involves excavations in many, which may be

near sites of cultural value, there has been specific attention in this study to identify the

locations of such sites, and to develop mitigation measures for controlling the effects on

such sites. These mitigation measures are also reflected in the Environmental Management

and Monitoring Plan. As part of the avoidance mechanism GASCO ensures that the line

passes along the existing natural gas hence chances of archeological sites are limited. The

project will make sure to avoid any declared archeological sites.

2.4.4 OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement

According to the WB’s safeguard policy on Involuntary Resettlement, physical and

economic dislocation resulting from WB funded developmental projects or sub-projects

should be avoided or minimized as much as possible. Unavoidable displacement should

involve the preparation and implementation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or a

Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), to address the direct economic and social impacts

resulting from the project or sub-project’s activities causing involuntary resettlement.

It is envisaged that the project on hand will result in the physical or economic dislocation of people. A

RAP study has been prepared in order to outline a proposed approach and work plan to guide the

implementation, handover, and monitoring and evaluation of the resettlement process.

2.4.5 World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines The general World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines in addition to the World Bank Onshore Oil and Gas Development EHS guidelines will be followed to ensure that the project complies with the Environmental Health and Safety standards and requirements of the WB during the different phases of the project.

2.5 Gap analysis for key Egyptian and WB environmental issues

This section outlines the key requirements of both the Egyptian Legislations and the

World Bank policies and the gaps between the requirements of the two entities

2.5.1 Air Quality

Table 0-2 Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB standards

Requirements of Egyptian

Legislation Requirements of World Bank

Outdoor Air Pollutants (in

urban and industrial areas) as per

Ambient Air Quality as per OP 4.01 IFC

General EHS Guidelines (Table 1.1.13)

2 Physical Cultural Resources are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features, and landscapes that have archeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. 4 Climate Change Adaptation and Natural Disasters Preparedness in the Coastal Cities of North Africa AASTMT/Egis Bceom Int./IA

60




Article 34 of law 4/1994

amended by law 9/2009 and

Annex 5 of the Executive

Regulations amended by Decree

710/2012.

Exposur

e Period 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year

Carbon

monoxi

de CO

(µg/m3)

30

(urba

n and

indus

.)

10

(urb

an

and

indu

s.)

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Sulphur

dioxide

SO2

(µg/m3)

300

(urba

n)

350

(indu

s.)

N/A

125

(urba

n)

150

(indus

.)

50

(urba

n)

60

(indu

s.)

N/A N/A

125 (IT-

1)

50 (IT-2)

20

(guidelin

e)

N/A

Nitroge

n

Oxides

NOx

(µg/m3)

300

(urba

n)

300

(indus

.)

N/A

150

(urba

n)

150

(indu

s.)

60

(urba

n)

80

(indus

.)

200

(guideli

ne)

N/A N/A

40

(guideli

ne)

Particula

tes PM10

(µg/m3)

N/A N/A

150

(urba

n)

150

(indus

.)

70

(urba

n)

70

(indus

.)

N/A N/A

150 (IT-

1)

100 (IT-

2)

75 (IT-3)

50

(guidelin

e)

70 (IT-1)

50 (IT-2)

30 (IT-3)

20

(guidelin

e)

Particula

tes PM2.5

(µg/m3)

N/A N/A

80

(urba

n)

80

(indus

.)

50

(urba

n)

50

(indus

.)

N/A N/A

75 (IT-

1)

50 (IT-

2)

37.5

(IT-3)

35 (IT-

1)

25 (IT-

2)

15 (IT-

3)

61




25

(guideli

ne)

10

(guideli

ne)

Total

suspend

ed

particles

TSP

(µg/m3)

N/A N/A

230

(urba

n)

230

(indu

s.)

125

(urba

n)

125

(indu

s.)

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Ozone

O3

(µg/m3)

180

(urba

n)

180

(indu

s.)

120

(urba

n)

120

(indu

s.)

N/A N/A N/A

160

(IT-1)

100

(guideli

ne)

N/A N/A

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirements of the World Bank, the most stringent of the two standards will be applied. The bolded items in the above table present the guideline followed for each.. However, the Egyptian limits will be applied for the following cases, since there are no corresponding limits in the World bank standards to these parameters:

Carbon monoxide limits for 1 hour and 8 hour

Sulfur dioxide limits for 1 hour, and 1 year

Nitrogen oxide limits for 24 hours

Total suspended particulates limits for 24 hours and 1 year

Ozone limits for 1 hour

2.5.2 Water Quality

Table 0-3 Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Water Quality


Legislations

Requirements of World Bank

Reference Requirements Reference Requirements

Executive

Regulations issued

by decree 92/2013

of Law 48/1982

(Article 49)

States the standards

an specifications of

fresh waterways

quality to which

industrial water can

be discharged

OP 4.01

IFC General EHS

Guidelines:

Environmental

Projects with the

potential to generate

process wastewater,

sanitary (domestic)

sewage, or

stormwater should

incorporate the

62



Legislations



necessary

precautions to

avoid, minimize,

and control adverse

impacts to human

health, safety, or the

environment.

Ministerial Decree

No. 44/2000 of

law 93/1962

Includes the quality

of industrial

wastewater

discharged to the

sewage network.

The decree also

states the entity

should acquire the

wastewater

discharge licenses

from the concerned

authorities during

the construction

and operation phase

OP 4.01

IFC General EHS

Guidelines:

Environmental

Includes in Table

1.3.1 the indicative

values for treated

sanitary sewage

discharges

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirements of the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied.

Table 0-4 - Limits for discharge of liquid effluent into sewer system

Parameter/Pollutant Effluent threshold (ER

44/2000 of law 93/1962

Effluent threshold (WB

requirements)

pH 6-9.5 6-9

BOD (mg/l) 600 30

COD (mg/l) 1100 125

Total nitrogen (mg/l) 100 10

Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 25 2

Oil and grease (mg/l) 100 10

Total suspended solids

(mg/l)

800 50

Total Coliform Bacteria

(Most Probable

Number/100 ml)

N/A 400

63


2.5.3 Noise Table 0-5 Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Ambient Noise


Legislations



Law 4/1994

amended by law

9/2009 and its

ERs amended by

decree 1095/2011

and 710/2012

Maximum allowable

limit for ambient

noise intensity

OP 4.01

IFC General

Guidelines:

Environmental

Table 1.7.1

Limit of noise

beyond the property

boundary of the

facilities.

Law 4/1994

amended by law

9/2009 and its

ERs amended by

decree 1095/2011

and 710/2012

Maximum noise

limits in work

environment

IFC General

Guidelines:

Occupational

Health and Safety

Table 2.3.1

Limit of noise

exposure inside the

work environment

Table 0-6 Limits for ambient noise as per Egyptian and WB requirements

Egyptian Law Permissible noise level WB Permissible noise levels

Area type

Maximum

permissible

equivalent noise level

[dB(Aeq)]

Receptor One hour LAeq

(dBA)

Day Night Daytime Night

7 AM –

10 PM

10 PM – 7

AM

7:00 –

22:00

22:00 –

7:00

Sensitive areas to noise

exposure

50 40 Residential 55 45

Residential suburbs with

low traffic flow

55 45 Industrial 70 70

Commercial and

administrative areas in

city center

60 50

Residential areas with

some workshops,

administrative activities,

or recreational and

entertainment activities

overlooking public roads

less than 12 meters

65 55

64



Area type

Maximum

permissible

equivalent noise level

[dB(Aeq)]

Receptor One hour LAeq

(dBA)

Day Night Daytime Night

7 AM –

10 PM

10 PM – 7

AM

7:00 –

22:00

22:00 –

7:00

Areas overlooking public

roads more than or equal

12 meters, or industrial

areas with light industries

70 60

Industrial Zone with

heavy industries

70 70

Table 0-7 Limits noise exposure in Work environments as per Egyptian and WB

requirements


Type of place and

activity

Maximum

permissible

equivalent noise

level [dB(A)]

Exposure

duration

Location/

activity

Equivalent

Level, LAeq,

8 hrs

Max

LAm

ax,

fast

a) Work places

(workshops and

industries) with up to 8

hour shifts (licensed

before 2014)

90 8

Heavy

Industry

(no

demand for

oral

communica

tion)

85 dB(A) 110

dB(A)

b) Work places

(workshops and

industries) with up to 8

hour shifts (licensed

since 2014)

85 8

Light

industry

(decreasing

demand for

oral

communica

tion)

50-65 dB(A) 110

db(A)

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirements of the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied since it is the funding entity to the project.

2.5.4 Land acquisition issues Egyptian legislations are broadly consistent with the WB’s OP 4.12, some examples to show the consistency between WB and Egyptian laws are:

The requirement to pay compensation in case of compulsory acquisition of land

65


The need to compensate for the acquired property based on full market value of the property at the data of the verdict;

The requirement to compensate for losses, whether temporary or permanent in production or damage to productive assets and crops.

There are, however, a number of specific areas where provisions required under OP 4.12 extend beyond those required under Palestinian legislation. These are as follows:

The cut-off date: The WB identifies a cut-off date in order to prevent people influx to the project area. The Egyptian laws does not set a cut-off date, particularly if the impacts are related to agricultural lands that might experience changes in crops and tenancy.

There will be no cut-off date, as from GASCO past experience in compensation it was found that it's fair and adequate that GASCO compensate for what is found on the land and the PAP to be compensated is the person who own or rent the land at the time GASCO get into his/her land. More detailed description will be mention in RAP.

Monitoring and Evaluation: Monitoring or evaluation measures are not stipulated in Egyptian regulation. Lack of the necessary legal provision needed to put in place monitoring and evaluation measures can negatively impact the accountability and transparency programs and plans may not be able to benefit from corrective action in cases of mistakes nor receive rewards in cases of good performance.

Valuation of compensation: Egyptian regulations use prevailing price in the affected areas to calculate and compensate project affected people for their expropriated property. The prevailing price is assessed by a specialized committee created by the government. For crops, they are valuated according to the price lists developed by the agriculture directorate. Previous Egyptian experiences show that the full replacement principle as stated by OP 4.12 has not been realized by the affected group.

It is worth mentioning that based on the World Bank requirements for applying an effective and accessible grievance mechanism, GASCO established a proactive grievance system. GASCO compensation committee usually conducts several meetings with the Potential affected people (PAPs) at the construction sites in addition to follow up activities throughout the compensation process. Any complaints arising during the construction activities will be submitted to the resident engineer. GASCO also tries to ensure satisfaction with the compensation amounts by applying the following measures: o If the land is expropriated prior to the harvest season, unripe crops might be damaged completely as a result of the project causing the crop-holder losses in terms of financial investment and effort invested in the cultivation of those crops. This will be a complete loss of crops. In this case the crop holders will receive full compensation for the crops. o During harvest season, the crop holder is allowed to harvest the ripe crops allowing him to benefit from the crops. Moreover, s/he will receive their compensation. Consequently, s/he is partially affected as they will not lose their crops. In this case the

66


crop holders will receive full compensation for the crops in addition to the harvested crops. o During the preparation of lands to be cultivated, the farmers will not lose their crops, and they will exert no effort to cultivate the land. This will be minor impact. In this case crop holders will receive a compensation equivalent to the rent of the land (uncultivated) identified by the agricultural directorate for uncultivated land.

The Legislative and Regulatory Framework of Land Acquisition will be presented and discussed in detail in RAP study (In a separate chapter); This chapter will cover the following:

Policy references

Egyptian Relevant Legislations

Gaps Between Egyptian Regulations and World Bank Policies

Summary of GASCO Compensation System for Affected Lands, Crops and

Trees

The gap filling measures will be applied.

67


3.1 Project Background











pipeline

The 30’’ pipeline is passing through Beheira and Alexandria Governorates with a total length of 70 km, 42 km in Beheira governorate and 28 km in Alexandria governorate. It will pass by 7 valve rooms (3 rooms existing and 4 rooms are proposed to be constructed) and 18 intersects with asphalet roads, lakes and rail ways.

The 18’’ pipeline is 5km runs in Alexandria governorate. It will pass by 3 new valve rooms and only one intersect with Malahat for 4.5 km.

3 Project Description

68


Figure 3-1 Pipeline 30’’ and 18’’ route

69


3.2 Project Components

3.2.1 Natural gas composition The natural gas composition of the national network is mainly Methane (80%) and traces

of ethane, propane, Iso-butane, Nitrogen…etc. The following table presents the general

natural gas composition of the national network. The main activities are the monitoring

of the pipeline and the routine checking for the occurrence of gas leaks. The following

sub-sections present more details about these activities.

Table 3-1 - General natural gas composition of the national network

Component/Properties Maximum Minimum Unit

Nitrogen 0.6183 0.6653 Mole%

Methane 79.8207 88.0622 Mole%

Carbon Dioxide 5.8996 5.4793 Mole%

Ethane 8.5755 4.9468 Mole%

Propane 3.4219 0.6918 Mole%

Iso Butane 0.5244 0.0602 Mole%

N-Butane 0.7855 0.0758 Mole%

Neo Pentane 0 0 Mole%

Iso Pentane 0.144 0.0086 Mole%

N-Pentane 0.1138 0.0061 Mole%

Hexanes and Heavier 0.0963 0.0039 Mole%

Gross Heating Value At

60 F and 1 atm

1101.6298 999.5827 Btu/ft3

70


3.2.2 Pipeline Route 30’’ pipeline,70 km from Raven gas field to WDGC

The route of the pipeline starts from valve Room 1 inside Rasheed Gas company in Edko district, 1 km away from the Mediterranean coast, then southwards to meet the international coastal road and run parallel to it from the north side parallel to the existing 20 ’’pipeline El Meadia/Edko for 14 km. It passes through Edko Lake and fish farms with a length of about 7 km from 18.800 km to 25.700 km and intersects with Petroleum Companies Road - Abu Bakir Rasheed Road and a number of canal and drainages. There are two valve rooms (2 and 3) parallel to the international coastal road from the north side.

71


Figure 3-2 The start point of 70 km pipeline with the valve rooms 1,2,3

72


The pipeline cuts the international coastal road at 32.5 km where the proposed valve room 4 will exist then runs parallel to it from the south side to 42.5 km intersecting with Mahmudiyah canal cuts, Cairo / Alexandria agricultural road and Cairo / Alexandria railway.

Figure 3-3 70 km Pipeline runs parallel to coastal international road crossing by the valve rooms 4

73


Afterwards, it leaves the international coastal road and deviates to south west direction to intersect with the new Mariout Canal and the Dushoudi drainage then runs parallel to the canal and the drainage from the western side up to 50.2 km where the proposed valve room 5 will be construct.

Figure 3-4 70 km Pipeline leaves the coastal international road crossing by the valve rooms 5

74


It passes by El Amoom bank, lake and asphalet road and runs parallel to el Hares el amoomy bank from south east direction for 57.300 km then it intersects it with el hares (1) bank to run parallel to the latter bank from the south direction parallel to Nubaria navigational lake from the east side passing through agriculture lands and the proposed valve room 6 at 66.500 km. Finally, the pipeline cuts Nubaria navigational canal from the westward direction and West Drainage of Nubaria, railway to reach the end point in valve room 7 inside The Western Desert Gas Complex with a total of 70 km and 7 valve rooms (3 exists and 4 proposed) and 18 intersections.

Figure 3-5 70km Pipeline crossing by the valve rooms 6 and reach end point at valve room

75


18’’ pipeline,5 km from Raven pipeline to Al Amreya LPG Plant

The 18’’ pipeline line is branched from 30’’ pipeline. It starts from valve room 1’ proposed to be constructed on the proposed Raven 30’’ natural gas pipeline from the south side of el omoom Drainage in Alexandria and then runs north-west for a distance of 4.5 km inside a Salt Lake (Malahat) and Maryot lake to reach the proposed valve room 2’ next to the fence of the existing Amreya Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Company and extend within the company for a distance of 500 meters until it reaches the end point at valve Room 3’ with total distance of 5 km, 3 proposed valve rooms and 2 intersections.

Figure 3-6 18’’ Pipeline route

76


The construction and laying down of the pipeline is done through digging trenches, except

in areas of intersections with major waterways and roads, where the Horizontal Directional

Drilling (HDD) technology will be used. The table below presents the main intersections

of the 30’’ and 18’’ pipeline.

Table 3-2 –Main Crossing of the pipelines

Main crosses Number Names

30’’ pipeline,70 km from Raven gas field to WDGC

Canals 4 - El Mahmodia

- El Tahrir

Maryot El Gdeeda-El Deshoy

- Nobaria

Lake 1 - Edko

Drainages 4 El Mansheya

El Omoom

El Hares El omoomy

El Hares (1)

Asphalt Road 6 Petrol companies

Rasheed- Abu Qeer

Road 45

International coastal road

Cairo/Alexandria agriculture road

El Roda el Gdeeda road

Rail Way 3 El Maamora-Rasheed

Cairo/Alexandria

El Etehad


Lake 1 Maryot

Canal 1 Nubaria

Drainage 1 El Hares El omoomy

77


3.2.3 Pipeline Design Considerations The pipeline shall be designed, constructed and tested in general accordance with ASME

B31.8 along with the other relevant codes and standards adopted by GASCO in its designs

in addition to any other additional local regulations. Thus, it will be free from significant

defects. The following standards will be followed:

The pipeline should be protected against rust and corrosion;

The pipeline should be protected against external trespass;

The pipeline should not be adversely influenced by ground movement, as a result

of natural or human activities; and

Modification, maintenance and repair of the pipeline should be carried out in such

a way that doesn’t negatively affect its safety measures.

In addition, the following codes and standards will be followed for the design of the

different pipeline components

API 5L for line pipes;

API 6D for valves;

ANSI B 16.9 and MSS SP 75 for fittings;

ANSI B 16.5 and MSS SP 44 for flanges; and

ASME B 31.8 and GASCO local regulations for construction and pipeline design.

Moreover, the pipeline design takes into consideration the location class of the pipelines

according to the population density along the pipeline route as will be shown later in this

chapter. The location class is also used to determine the patrolling activity to be conducted

on the site. The material specifies for both pipelines 30’’ and 18’’ is APL 5L X60 with

Maximum operating pressure of 70 bar

3.2.4 Valve Rooms

The valve rooms, the existing and the new, control the flow of the natural gas through the pipeline by changing the opening percentage of the valves, or by changing the path of the natural gas by operating the bypass valves

30’’ pipeline,70 km from Raven gas field to WDGC

There are 3 existing valve rooms and 4 valve rooms are proposed to be constructed. The

first one is at the start of the pipeline route inside the petroleum company at Edko, the

second one located at the point where the pipeline will start to run parallel to the

international coastal road. The third existing valve room is located in area of Halawani.

The proposed valve rooms 4,5 and 6 are located in Maadia, 5/8 area of el talat kabari and

abo el noom respectively. The last valve room 7 will be located inside the final destination

of the pipeline inside the WDGC plant.


78


There will be 3 proposed valve rooms on this pipeline. The first one will be located on the proposed Raven 30’’ gas pipeline. The second one will be located at the meeting point after the pipeline will cross the mala7at. The third valve room will be constructed inside the LPG plant in Amreya.

The main technical data of the valve room is:

Area: 45 x 25 m2

Operation conditions:

o Maximum operating pressure: 70 bar

o Minimum operating pressure: 30 bar

o Temperature varies between 33°C-43°C

3.3 Activities of Construction Phase

Construction will be carried out by qualified and approved contractors under the

supervisions and monitoring by GASCO. The work activities will be as follows:

• Clearing and grading activities and Pipe transportation and storage

• Right of Way activities;

• Trenching;

• Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or boring for the road crossings;

• Welding and inspection;

• Coating and inspection;

• Wrapping of joints;

• Ditching;

• Installation of valves;

• Tie-ins;

• Laying fiber-optic cables;

• Backfilling;

• Pigging;

• Hydrostatic test;

• Dewatering;

• Purging& commissioning; and

• Manufacturing and fittings for valves room (including civil, mechanical, and

electric components).

3.3.1 Clearing and grading activities and Pipe transportation and storage

The first step of construction includes flagging the locations of approved access route of pipeline, temporary workshop for the crew, install fences surrounding the area of working, clean the land from any rubbish and /or remove weeds. Grading is conducted where necessary to provide a reasonably level work surface. Additionally, equipment and piping

79


will be transported to the site (temporary storage area). Quality control procedures during the transportation and handling of pipes should take place to ensure protection from any effects that may damage the pipes, and prevent any traffic accidents. The pipes “originally coated with polyethylene” are generally stored and stacked in a devoted area in a way that ensures their protection from any effects that may damage the pipes or their coatings. In addition, the contractor will set quality control procedures during the transportation and handling of pipes for the same reason.

Figure 3-7 Clearing and grading activities

3.3.2 Right of Way Activities

GASCO will manage its access for the Right of Way (ROW) through governmental

permits from the relevant ministries/organizations. Annex 1 presents a copy of some of

the local permits obtained so far. The contractor will then implement the ROW activities

to clear any obstacles that may interrupt the excavation activities. The contractor will be

keen to avoid unnecessary damage to crops or neighbor buildings during R.O.W, and he

will be responsible for compensating any damages. The contractor shall also use warning

signs in the work area to protect persons, automotive vehicles…etc. No impacts are

anticipated after the pipeline is constructed and operated. Although some restrictions

are normally applied on the land uses of the ROW (2*2 m in urban areas and 6*2 meters

in rural areas) from the center of the pipeline).

3.3.3 Excavation and trenching

Before any excavation activities, the contractor shall coordinate with the different

authorities to determine the existing infrastructure in the project’s area (e.g. water lines,

sewage lines, electrical cables and telecommunication lines)so as to avoid any undue

damage. In case of lacking sufficient information on the available infrastructure, the

contractor will carefully excavate a trial pit.

In case of the asphalt roads, an excavator will be used to remove the asphalt layers. The

contractor shall excavate the trench in which the pipeline is to be laid with the following

dimensions with a possibility of having 10% excess where required by works in some areas

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Depth to the pipe top elevation below the general ground level

o 1 m for all land types other than rocky lands

o 0.7 m for rocky lands.

Width of trench

o Pipe outside diameter “with coating” + 0.4 m

Angle of trench

o Rocky area- vertically cut

o Compacted soil - 40° to vertical

o Running soil - 70° to vertical

The following figure illustrates how to dig trenches for various types of soils. The ditch

bottom shall be uniformly and carefully graded and be free from coarse rocks solid objects

which could negatively affect the pipeline coating. Due to its criticality, quality control

checks will be applied from GASCO and the contractor for this issue.

Figure 3-8 Excavation and trenching

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Figure 3-9 - Ditching in various types of soils

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At locations with irregular ground elevations, additional excavation may be applied to avoid

undue bending of the pipe. In addition, and in case of having crossing with other

underground infrastructure lines/cables, the trench shall be deepened so that the pipeline

be installed below or above the existing lines/cables in accordance with the following

figures.

83


Figure 3-10 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable above the proposed NG pipeline

84


Figure 3-11 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable below the proposed NG pipeline

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3.3.4 Pipe Laying and Trench Backfilling

Before pipe laying, the bottom of the trench should be cleaned of any rocks or solid objects, which

may damage the pipeline. The trench shall be laid on a fine sieved sand layer of a minimum depth of

20 cm. Wide nonabrasive belts will be used while lowering the pipeline to the trench, and the

contractor will carefully remove the belts from around the coated pipes. In case of any damage caused

to the pipes’ coating during the lowering operation, the contractor will repair such damage before

laying the pipe in the ditch. The pipeline lowering shall be undertaken in the presence of GASCO

representatives.

Figure 3-12 Pipe Laying and Trench Backfilling

Backfilling

The trench shall be backfilled within 48 hours after lowering the pipeline. The initial backfill will be

to a minimum height 20 cm of fine sieved sand to protect the pipeline. The backfill will be then

compacted by wet sand layers of 15 cm thickness, so that the total height is not less than 20 cm above

the adjacent ground level.

On the other hand, and in case of the trenches being dug in roads, backfilling shall be carried out

immediately after the pipeline has been laid in the same technique shown above. The main difference

is that the finished backfilling level will be the same as the road level. After that, the contractor will

work on restoring the road surface to its original status. In all cases, cathodic protection system will

be applied to the pipeline and valves. Appropriate signage and community safety measures will be in

place in addition to covering or safeguarding any open trenches that are not promptly filled.

Welding

The pipes are welded together, and a quality control test using x-rays will be applied to ensure the

welding effectiveness. In addition, the uncoated parts of the pipes (at the end parts to be welded) are

coated on site, and the coating layer is tested using a “holiday test” before starting the pipeline laying.

Such tests will be implemented by the contractor and re-checked by GASCO.

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Figure 3-13 Welding activities

3.3.5 Leakage testing (Hydrostatic testing)

Following construction activities and before the flowing of the natural gas in the pipeline,the pipeline should be tested to locate possible leaks and to ensure that the pipeline can withstand higher pressure than the operating pressure of the natural gas flow. As long as the operating pressure in the proposed pipeline in high, hydrostatic strength and leakage testing will be required.

The hydrostatic test is conducted by introducing pressurized water into the pipeline (150% of

operating pressure) for 24 hours and checking whether there are any pressure losses. This will be

detected by the pressure recording instrument connected to the pipeline during the test.

The water used in the test shall be clean fresh water and free from any substance which may be harmful

to pipe material (including high levels of salinity). The water to be used in the hydrostatic test of this

project will be sourced from water trucks. A filter of sufficient capacity shall be accordingly installed

between the water source and the suction side of the pump. Hydrostatic testing must be followed by

dewatering and gauging.

Before introducing the water, A 'bi-directional pig' is placed in the beginning of the pipeline. Then the

pipeline is filled with fresh clean water, where the 'bi-directional pig' will be is moving in the entering

water direction, and comes out from the other side guaranteeing that there are no air pockets inside

the pipeline. After raising the water’s pressure, and ensuring the test’s success, another 'bi-directional

pig' is introduced to discharge the water (Dewatering)

3.3.6 Dewatering

The 'bi-directional pig' used will be based on foam or rubber. Pigs will continue operation until there

is no evidence of having water in the pipeline as determined by the tests. Such tests shall include either

the calculation of the gain in weight of the pig or measuring of the dew point of the compressed air

entering and exiting the pipe line.

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3.3.7 Magnetic Cleaning and Geometric Pigging

To ensure that the pipeline is free of any solid materials which may cause erosion to the pipeline,

pipeline cleaning should be conducted using ‘pigging’ technique. A series of magnetic cleaning pigs

will be run until the pipeline is judged by the company to be free of magnetic debris. After that, the

contractor will run a geometric pig. After a successful run by the geometric pig, the pipeline will be

left with positive pressure of at least 2 bar using either dry air or dry nitrogen as determined by the

company so as to discharge any metallic components still present. The resulting solid waste from the

pigging operation will be disposed by applying GASCO’s specific solid waste management procedure.

3.3.8 Purging and Commissioning

Before starting the flow of Natural gas, the pipeline will be purged by flushing with dry nitrogen at

ambient temperature to ensure that no operational problems arise from air or water left in the pipeline.

The pressure of Nitrogen is gradually increased till it reaches the operating pressure, and then the

operation starts by replacing the Nitrogen with Natural gas.

3.3.9 Pipeline Crossings

To install a natural gas pipeline beneath the ground level, this can either be done by digging a trench

or using trenchless technologies. Trenchless technologies can be further classified as guided methods

and non-guided methods. In this analysis, the most famous technology in each category (which are

generally employed by GASCO) will be considered; namely, horizontal directional drilling (HDD)

representing the guided trenchless technology, auger boring representing the non-guided trenchless

technology, and the open-cut representing the trench technology.

The open cut method is usually used in small internal roads, where normal excavation takes place. It

can be also applied in case of having long agricultural or desert roads where auger boring and HDD

are not possible. This is a simple technique which usually takes between 1 and 2 days, and require road

narrowing or diverting. For bigger branched roads, auger boring excavation technique is usually

applied. This technique requires more excavation depths (about 5-6 meters). This is a bit more

complex technique compared to the open-cut technology; however, it also takes between 1 and 2 days,

and may require road narrowing or diverting. On the other hand, where the pipelines cross main roads,

or huge water bodies, HDD is usually applied. HDD is a trenchless methodology that use high

excavation depths (up to 30-40 meters) and can be used for high pipeline length. HDD provides a

number of benefits compared to the other traditional technologies. These benefits include having very

little disruption to traffic as road narrowing or diverting are not required, in addition to the smaller

work area requirements. However, HDD suffer from two main disadvantages which are the long time

required (about 2 weeks), and the high cost compared to the conventional technologies. HDD pipeline

installations have been widely used in the previous period in GASCO projects, and it is considered

the fastest growing trenchless construction method today.

In general, for the current project, HDD is the recommended installation technology for the pipeline

crossings with the main roads, lakes, drainages and railways. Usually, the exact maximum depth that

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would be reached during drilling is coordinated with the Authority managing the facility which the

pipeline is passing under.

Based on the previous experience with similar projects, in the lakes crossing, the excavation depth will

be about 14 meters below the lakebed. The exact HDD path is determined by the contractor during

the implementation phase. The depth under the roads (International coastal road) is usually 2-4 m.

On the other hand, for small water channels, trenching technology will be used; where the excavation

depth will be 1.5-2 meters. In general, the standard followed in the case of passing under other

infrastructure facilities is that the clearance between the N.G. pipeline surface and the bottom of the

other facility is of 80 cm minimum clearance.

The following sub-sections present a technical background about the auger boring and HDD

technologies.

Figure 3-14 HDD

Auger Boring

The horizontal auger boring trenchless technique involves equipment like auger boring machine,

auger, and cutting head. This technique also requires the excavation of a drilling pit and a receiving

pit. The process starts by lowering the auger boring machine into the drilling pit, and then the augers

installed inside the casing pipe are lowered into the pit and connected to the auger boring machine.

The boring operation then starts by rotating the augers and the cutting head, and pushing the casing

pipe gradually forward. This process continues till the casing pipe emerges from the receiving pit side.

The boring process results in cuttings (spoil) which is carried through the augers and extracted from

the entry side of the boring machine.

The process is mainly unguided, and accordingly operator skill is critical. The degree of controlling

the horizontal alignment is usually low. Enough working space is required both in the drilling and

receiving pits for the equipment and the crew movement. The technique is suitable for wide range of

soils; however, non-cohesive soils and boulders cause some difficulties.

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Figure 3-15 - Auger Boring

Horizontal Directional Drilling

As shown in Figure 3-16, Figure 3-17, and Figure 3-18, the HDD technique can be classified to three stages as follows:

Stage 1: Pilot hole drilling

Stage 2: Pre-Reaming

Stage 3: Pipeline Pullback

Before starting the drilling activities, a topographic survey is conducted to the proposed excavation

site. This survey aims to determine the soil conditions at the different depths, and accordingly

determine a drill path including the entry and exit points. After that, the first stage starts by drilling a

pilot hole through the studied drill path centerline. The drilling machine usually sets on the surface,

and the drill string enters the ground at an angle between 5 and 20 degrees. The bore path is usually

adjusted to be of gradual curvature to match with the allowable bend radius of the pipeline and

minimize friction. The bore path is monitored by devices mounted to the drill string. Signals are

directed to the operators on the surface so as to direct the drill path accordingly. Usually, a drilling

slurry is pumped in the bore path so as to lubricate, clean and cool the cutting heads, transport the

cuttings to the surface, and stabilize the hole against collapse. The slurries are usually bentonite based,

and the slurry associated with cuttings is pumped to a settling pit where the slurry is separated from

the cuttings and recycled.

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After the plot hole drilling step, a back-reamer attached to the end of the drill string is pulled back

through the path to enlarge the hole. This step can be repeated more than once till the hole diameter

becomes about 50% larger than the required pipeline diameter to minimize friction or bending of the

pipeline. As the reamer goes back and forth, this is called “pre-reaming. After that, the pipeline is

connected to the back-reamer and pulled back through the drill path.

Figure 3-16 - Pilot hole drilling stage in HDD technique

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Figure 3-17 - Pre-Reaming stage in HDD technique

Figure 3-18 - Pipeline pullback stage in HDD technique

3.3.10 Construction work in the valve room

The construction of the valve room includes some structural work (reinforced concrete installation)

in addition to the electromechanical components and the commissioning activities.

3.4 Expected machines and trucks

The expected machines and trucks that will be used in the construction area during the construction phase are the following:

Double Cabin Car;

Bus;

Puller;

Generator 200-250 K.V;

Crane 50 Ton;

Side Boom D8;

Pipe welder and carrier;

Low Bed;

Water and solar Tank Car;

Agriculture Excavator;

Trucks;

Excavator;

Loader;

Bulldozer D8;

Trailer;

Compressor;

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Sand Plaster;

Cement Mixer;

Ambulance; and

Equipment carrier.

The contractor will specify the exact number of equipment used during the construction phase.

3.5 Activities of Operation Phase

Normal operation will include routine audits on the occurrence of gas leaks. Normal maintenance and

monitoring works for the pipeline include:

o Pipeline Patrolling o Leakage Survey; and o SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System).

3.5.1 Pipeline Patrolling

Pipeline patrolling is carried out in order to identify activities (e.g. construction activities nearby) or

actions (e.g. trespass) that could damage the pipeline, and accordingly cause safety problems that may

reach to explosion. Patrolling also identifies areas of concern such as land slippage etc. in the general

area of the pipeline that could cause subsequent problems. Written reports showing the results of the

pipeline patrolling is reported to the sector office. Along the whole pipeline route, 3 pipeline classes

make up the path of the pipeline which are classes 2, 3, and 4. The frequency of the patrol will vary

for differing areas according to the location class as shown in the following table. The number of

buildings is usually accounted in a zone of 200 meters wide on either side of the pipeline route, and in

section of 1 km lengthwise. As the location class increases, the patrolling frequency increases as well.

Table 3-3 - Location Class as defined by GASCO

Location Class Number of buildings intended for

Human Occupancy

Location Class 1 10 or fewer

Location Class 2 More than 10 but fewer than 46

Location Class 3 More than 46

Location Class 4 More than 46 and including multistorey

buildings and where there may be many other

utilities

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3.5.2 Leakage Survey

Leakage Survey is conducted to protect the population against the effects of escaping natural gas and

to early detect any damage to the pipeline or the components of the valve room. The Cathodic

protection system is also inspected weekly to ensure its effectiveness. Written reports showing the

results of the leakage survey are reported to the sector office, and in case of detecting any leakage, the

maintenance department quickly perform the required procedures to fix the leakage source. The staff

undertaking patrolling and leakage surveys must be fully trained before carrying out such duties.

3.5.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System)

GASCO company is working with SCADA system, which is a highly sophisticated integrated system

used to control the national natural gas pipeline network. The SCADA system performs remote

controlling of the valve rooms to adjust the operating pressure, and if necessary change the flow of

natural gas by bypassing the main route. The SCADA system can also detect natural gas leakage if a

pressure drop was observed in certain pipeline. The SCADA system is connected with the fiber optics

system installed in the pipelines.

3.6 Resources Consumption

3.6.1 During Construction Phase

i) Water

Water is mainly used during the construction phase in the hydrostatic testing in addition to the

domestic uses by the workers and engineers. The water used for construction activities will be

sourced from trucks, while water used for the hydrostatic testing will be sourced from the Nile

River tributaries. Drinking water will be bottled. The exact amount of water to be used during

the construction phase will be determined by the contractor of this project.

ii) Fuel

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Diesel fuel will be mainly used for diesel generators that supplies electricity to construction activities including welding. In addition, diesel will be the fuel used by the trucks and excavators.

3.6.2 During Operation Phase

i) Electricity

The electricity consumption in the operation phase is expected to be sourced from the valve

room. The electricity consumption during the operation phase is expected to be minimal which

will be mainly consumed at the control room.

3.7 Waste Generation

3.7.1 During Construction Phase

Solid waste during construction phase will comprise domestic waste, construction waste and some

hazardous wastes from the project activities. The waste is expected to include the following waste

streams:

Hazardous wastes:

Used oil waste;

Asphalt ; and

Miscellaneous containers, paint cans, solvent containers, aerosol cans, adhesive, and lubricant

containers.

Non-hazardous wastes:

Soil (excavated or surplus)

Packaging materials

Damaged products (pipes, etc.);

Packing timber;

Paving materials;

Electrical cable off-cuts;

Concrete;

3.7.2 During Operation Phase

The pipeline operation is not expected to dispose any type of solid waste during the operation phase.

3.8 The Expected Timeline of the Project Execution

Construction work: 24 months

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The 30’’ pipeline is passing through Beheira and Alexandria Governorates with a total length of 70

km, 42 km in Beheira governorate and 28 km in Alexandria governorate.

Figure 4-1 – Alexandria and Behiera governorates location

Source: EEAA(www.eeaa.gov.eg)

4.1 Description of the Environment

Alexandria has a semi-arid Mediterranean -subtropical climate characterized by mild, variably rainy

winters and hot, dry summers.

4.1.1 Temperature Temperatures in Alexandria range from a minimum of 12.0 °C in January to a maximum 27.0 °C in

July and August. The table below shows average monthly minimum and maximum temperatures for

Alexandria.

4 Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions

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Table 4-1 Monthly Average Minimum and Maximum Temperatures in Alexandria for the Year 20154

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Average Min. T

(oC) 9.1 9.3 10.8 13.4 16.6 20.3 22.8 23.1 21.3 17.8 14.3 10.6

Average Max.

T (oC) 18.1 19.3 20.9 23 25.5 28.6 29.7 30.4 29.6 27.6 23.7 19.8

4.1.2 Humidity The monthly relative humidity at Abu el Matamir station about 30 km east of El Amreya is shown

below.

Table 4-2 Monthly Average Relative Humidity (RH %) in El Amreya (Abu El Mattamir5)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

RH (%) 69 67.7 65.9 60.7 63 68.3 70 68 68.4 68.7 69.7 69.9

4.1.3 Rainfall Most precipitation occurs in the winter during the month of January. The daily average precipitation

at Abo El Matamir is presented in the following table.

Table 4-3: Daily average precipitation in El Amreya (Abu el Matamir6 ),

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Average daily

precipitation (mm) 40.2 18.2 9.5 3.7 1.2 - - - 0.3 1.7 3.5 7

4.1.4 Wind The prevailing wind direction is from North to northwest; monthly .

Table 4-4Average Wind Speed (km/hr)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec

13 13.7 14 13.3 12.6 11.5 11.5 10.8 10.4 10.4 10.4 11.6

4.1.5 Geology

The project area is characterized by Holocene deposits, which cover the western part of the Alexandria

Governorate. The Holocene deposits are divided into littoral and terrestrial deposits. Littoral Deposits

are composed of white carbonate sands deposited along the Mediterranean Sea or evaporates of

crystalline gypsum mixed with sand and clay. Terrestrial Deposits composed mainly of yellow quartz

sand with shell fragments to the south of Alexandria city.

4 Climate Change Adaptation and Natural Disasters Preparedness in the Coastal Cities of North Africa AASTMT/Egis Bceom Int./IA

5 www.weatherbase.com

6 www.weatherbase.com

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4.1.6 Soils Soils of the coastal plain Soils in El Agami and El Dekheila and El Buseili are mainly fine to medium grained beach deposits composed of carbonate sands with oolitic texture. Soils of the tableland “Residual soil” type is dominant on the tableland and forms the local patches. “Transported soils”, consisting of rock fragments of weathered limestone in a calcareous loamy matrix, are noticed in some places. The soil profile is generally sandy.

4.1.7 Water resources

Surface water

Nearby surface water resources include Al-Mahmoudeya Canal (60 km), Lake Maryut (20 km), Nubeira canal (5 km) and the gulfs of Al-Max (20 km) and Abu Quir (60 km), and the Mediterranean sea (8 km).

Groundwater

Al Ralat and the Nile Delta are two main aquifers at El Amreya.

Groundwater is not encountered at shallow depths such as those resulting from the excavation work (1 m deep) making groundwater unlikely to be encountered.

4.1.8 Natural Hazards The project area is identified as being at low risks for flooding and seismicity/ground instability and at medium risk for tsunamis, respectively7.

4.1.9 Terrestrial Biological Environment Flora

Vegetation is encountered near surface water resources.

As gas connection works are planned in urbanized and semi-urbanized areas, no flora associated with surface waters or flora of significance will be encountered.

Fauna

The presence of domesticated animals such as buffaloes, cows, donkeys, sheep goats, horses and dogs, was dependent on human activity and found in agricultural areas. All of these animals were sheltered and fed by their owners either in open or covered pens, and no free grazing animals were observed.

7 Climate change adaption and natural disasters preparedness in the coastal cities of North Africa. http://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/wb91.pdf

http://www.uncclearn.org/sites/default/files/inventory/wb91.pdf

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As the natural gas connections project will only take place in urbanized and semi-urbanized areas, in streets that have already been excavated and include underground utilities, flora and fauna of significance will not be encountered.

4.1.10 Protected Areas Pipelines routes are not located within any Protected Area8.

4.1.11 Site Specific Ambient Air Quality and Noise The selection of the active air and noise measurement location is based on the nature of the surrounding activities, the location of the nearest sensitive receptors with respect to the project plots, prevailing wind direction, site topography and the future layout of the proposed project components. Moreover, the selection is based on the guidelines stated in the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) reference method. The coordinates of the Ambient Air (AA) and noise measurement locations are presented in the table below

Table 4-5 Coordinates of the AA and noise locations

Locations N coordinates E coordinates

1 31° 1' 40.43" 29° 51' 47.93"

2 31° 6' 11.42" 29° 52' 33.03"

3 31° 12' 8.84" 30° 5’ 6.43"

Ambient Air quality

The parameters measured are the following:

TOTAL Suspended Particulate (TSP)

Thoracic particulate ( PM10 )

Nitrogen dioxide NO2.

Sulfur dioxide SO2.

Carbon monoxide CO.

The following tables present the results for ambient air quality measurements conducted at the two locations for one-hour average results for 8 hours continuous measurements:

8 http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/Portals/0/eeaaReports/N-protect/Protectorates2013_A3En_Ar_Existing_Future.pdf

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Table 4-6 Daily average results (µg/m3) First Location

Time NO NO2 NO x SO2 CO

(mg/m3) PM10 T.S.P

08:00 AM

17.5 23.7 40.2 16.3 2.4

70.3 160.6

09:00 AM

10.5 26.1 35.4 19.1 3.4

10:00 AM

8.7 28.6 36 17.9 2.8

11:00 AM

18.1 22.4 39.1 16 3.2

12:00 PM 12.9 24.8 36.2 16.2 3.3

01:00 PM 20.12 22.82 41.72 17.12 3.12

02:00 PM 11.1 28.2 37.8 15.6 3.2

03:00 PM 12 24.1 34.2 15.2 4.2

04:00 PM

13.25 25.12 35.15 18.21 3.8

Limits - 300 150 300 30 (mg/m3) 150 230

100


Figure 4-2 NOx variation in the location

Figure 4-3 SO2 variation in the location

101


Figure 4-4 CO variation in the location

Table 4-7 Daily average results (µg/m3) Second Location

Time NO NO2 NOx SO2 CO

(mg/m3) PM10 T.S.P

08:00 AM

13.2 18.16 31.36 12.24 1.12

70.3 160.6

09:00 AM

7.44 19.92 27.36 14.32 1.76

10:00 AM

5.92 21.84 27.76 13.28 1.2

11:00 AM

13.36 16.8 30.16 11.68 1.44

12:00 PM 10.26 20.97 31.23 13.23 1.62

01:00 PM 15.12 17.28 32.4 12.72 1.52

02:00 PM 7.68 21.36 29.04 11.28 1.36

03:00 PM 8.08 17.76 25.84 10.64 1.84

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Time NO NO2 NOx SO2 CO

(mg/m3) PM10 T.S.P

04:00 PM 9.12 20.15 30.25 11.25 1.7

Limits - 300 150 300 30 (mg/m3) 150 230


103




104


Table 4-8 Daily average results (µg/m3) Third Location

Time NO NO2 NO x SO2 CO

(mg/m3) PM10 T.S.P

08:00 AM

13.2 18.16 31.36 12.24 1.12

70.3 160.6

09:00 AM

7.44 19.92 27.36 14.32 2.64

10:00 AM

5.18 19.11 24.29 11.62 1.8

11:00 AM

15.03 18.9 33.93 13.14 2.16

12:00 PM 5.7 11.65 17.35 7.35 2.16

01:00 PM 15.12 17.28 32.4 12.72 2.28

02:00 PM 6.72 18.69 25.41 9.87 2.04

03:00 PM 7.07 15.54 22.61 9.31 2.76

04:00 PM 12.15 16.85 28.22 10.15 1.91

Limits - 300 150 300 30 (mg/m3) 150 230

105




106



The two main factors affecting the ambient air concentration of a certain pollutant emitted from a certain source or sources in a selected area are:

• The intensity of the emissions (e.g. concentration and flow rate) from the source or sources.

• The uncontrollable atmospheric dispersion conditions, which include but not limited to

(wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, rainfall, atmospheric turbulence, solar

radiation intensity and atmospheric pressure).

All the recorded results showed compliance with the national and international guidelines for ambient air quality moreover, most of the data recorded were way below the guidelines, which indicates that the ambient air quality in this area are matching with guidelines of emissions released from proposed sources.

Noise

The table below presents the results of one-hour average ambient noise measurements and their

corresponding national and international permissible limits.

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Table 4-9 Ambient Noise Levels Readings First Location

Time

Sound Level Equivalent & Percentile Recordings in dBA for 8 Hours

Permissible Limits

LAeq (dBA)

LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National International

08:00 AM

49.62 46.32 41.85 35.73 37.07 99.77

70 70

09:00AM 50.66 54.76 30.32 28.1 33.53 108.22

10:00 AM

58.52 52.27 42.87 35.1 33.2 128.36

11:00 AM

52.02 52.88 44.5 36.61 34.56 101.27

12:00 PM

53.31 48.94 37.3 31.53 30.17 102.1

01:00 PM

56.82 50.22 38.35 31.56 29.87 101.27

02:00 PM

52.89 55.94 48.44 40.95 39.89 99.93

03:00 PM

50.9 55.07 46.15 35.01 32.57 95.64

04:00 PM

53.51 52.12 35.5 39.21 31.25 94.25

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Table 4-10 Ambient Noise Levels Readings at Second Location

Time


Permissible Limits

LAeq (dBA)

LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National International

08:00 AM

56.892 53.262 48.345 41.613 43.087 112.057

60 70

09:00 AM

52.86 56.96 32.52 30.3 35.73 110.42

10:00 AM

55.224 65.724 54.444 45.12 42.84 157.032

11:00 AM

54.42 55.28 46.9 39.01 36.96 103.67

12:00 PM

55.81 51.44 39.8 34.03 32.67 104.6

01:00 PM

53.118 47.178 36.495 30.384 28.863 93.123

02:00 PM

55.79 58.84 51.34 43.85 42.79 102.83

03:00 PM

52.4 56.57 47.65 36.51 34.07 97.14

04:00 PM

51.12 55.2 45.12 33.54 35.51 98.12

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Table 4-11 Ambient Noise Levels Readings at Third Location

Time


Permissible Limits

LAeq (dBA)

LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpea

k Nationa

l Internatio

nal

08:00 AM

50.72 47.42 42.95 36.83 38.17 100.87

60 70

09:00 AM

51.86 55.96 31.52 29.3 34.73 102.42

10:00 AM

58.92 52.67 43.27 35.5 33.6 130.76

11:00 AM

53.22 54.08 45.7 37.81 35.76 102.47

12:00 PM

54.61 50.24 38.6 32.83 31.47 103.4

01:00 PM

56.92 50.32 38.45 31.66 29.97 101.37

02:00 PM

54.49 57.54 50.04 42.55 41.49 115.53

03:00 PM

51.3 55.47 46.55 35.41 32.97 96.04

04:00 PM

52.31 53.22 36.25 33.25 35.12 93.05

The results of ambient noise measurements had compared to the national permissible limits since both areas are mostly residential areas with small businesses and a little traffic the noise levels varied between 50.72 dB to 58.9 dB near Kafr Al dawar this is due to that the area contain small houses and low traffic flow with no large source of noise pollution consequently the noise levels measured reflected the above mentioned description.

Annex 2 Presents the methodology followed for the air and noise measurements

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4.1.12 Protectorates

As shown in the below figure, the route is not crosses by any of protectorates of Egypt.

Figure 4-11 Protectorates of Egypt versus the route of the pipeline

Source: Natural Protectorates Map issued by EEAA

4.2 Social Baseline

The Social Impact Assessment (SIA) study is carried out through a combination of desktop and field survey in order to fully describe the social baseline of the Project area. The main methodology for the SIA is semi-quantitative assessment to convey accurate and relevant information for the project areas. There has been substantial data gathering on socioeconomic conditions in the area. A number of visits to the project sites were conducted during June and July 2018.

This section contains a description of the baseline socio-cultural characteristics of the social environment at the proposed project area. It will highlight the following: basic information about the project areas; administrative areas; demographic characteristics and human development profile; access to basic services; economic characteristics.

4.2.1 Project Area The Route of the pipeline extends for 70 km in the agricultural lands located in the Governorates of Alexandria and Beheira. The route of the pipeline starts from the north of Beheira Governorate in

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Edko City, and then extends after passing through Edko Lake at Kafr al-Dawar Markaz9 Beheira Governorate, to the Ameriya district south of Alexandria Governorate, which represents the end of the line (see Figure 4-12).

9 Markaz. In the administrative division of Egypt, the Markaz is the main city or village followed by a group of villages in agricultural areas (not urban), and often the most important city is a Markaz for a total of villages. The Markaz has more commercial markets than villages, and there may also be branches of government service institutions and agencies serving villages. Each Governorate of the Delta includes a number of Markaz, Cities and villages.

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Figure 4-12: Route of the pipeline passing through Alexandria and Beheira Governorates- project sites

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Figure 4-13: The path of the line near Edko city

Figure 1-14: The path of the line in El Maadeya village

Figure 1-15: The proposed area of the valve room (4) is located in El Amara Village Kafr El

Dawar Markaz

Figure 1-15: El Kryoun Village Kafr El Dawar Markaz

Figure 4 16: Zawyet Abdel Qader Area – El

Amriya District

Figure 4 17: The end of the pipeline in the

Western Desert gases Complex in the

industrial area of El Amiriya

Beheira Governorate

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Beheira Governorate is a costal governorate located in the northern part of the country in the Nile Delta at west of the Rosetta branch. It is located within the Alexandria Region, which encompasses Alexandria, Matrouh, and Beheira Governorates.

Beheira Governorate enjoys an important strategically place, as it borders northwards with Mediterranean, southwards with Giza, eastwards with Rashid Branch and Daqahlia and westwards with Alexandria and Matrouh. It comprises four important highways, namely the Cairo-Alexandria desert road, the Cairo agricultural road, the international road and the circular road. (source: Beheira Governorate, Egypt Description by Information, 2014).

Beheira Governorate is by far the largest Governorate as to area of agricultural lands which are estimated at 6819.078 km2 (including the Nubaria lands). It is famous for its diversified agricultural production, particularly onions, barely, beets, wheat, potatoes and fava beans according to State Information Service (SIS). The Governorates comes first as to fruits and vegetables production, and export of citrus, potatoes, tomatoes, artichoke, watermelon, string beans and pepper.

Beheira has many investment opportunities, most important of which are land reclamation as the government has arable lands. In addition, there are opportunities for agricultural processing of diverse agricultural products as well as tourism investment, which could depend on monuments from different dynasties, sea shores, lakes, religious sites and mild weather.

Beheira Governorate also contributes to the industrial activity in spinning and weaving industry, Keliem and carpets, cotton ginning, chemicals and dying. In addition, the governorate has 4 industrial zones in Netron Valley, Al-Bousili desert, New Nubaria and Edco. Beheira Governorate is also home to a number of the most important Coptic monasteries in Wadi El Natrun (Scetes). It also has Edco and Nabe El Hamraa lakes.

Beheira Governorate covers an area of 9826 km², representing 0.9 % of Egypt's total area. The inhabited area is 7093.84 km2, representing 72.2% of the Governorate’s total area, according to Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS, 2017).

Figure 1-18: The

administrative units and

borders of Beheira

Governorate

Source: Beheira Governorate,

EEAA, 2008

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Figure 1-19: Administrative Division of Edko Markaz

Source: General Organization for Physical Planning, Beheira Governorate, 2017.

Figure 1-20: Administrative Division of Kafr El Dawar Markaz

Source: General Organization for Physical Planning, Beheira Governorate, 2017.

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Alexandria Governorate

Alexandria Governorate is located on the north of the Mediterranean Sea coast. It is bordered by

Behera Governorate in the east and south, Marsa Matruh in the west, in addition to Menoufiya

Governorate in the south..

Alexandria is located in the north on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, bordered by the east and

south of the province of the lake, to the west of Marsa Matruh province, and south of Menoufia

It is the key seaport of Egypt. Alexandria gained its importance from its civilization reservoir across

history. It is a metropolitan city where different cultures in the Mediterranean basin coexist. It has a

unique geographical location and mild climate as well as different trade, industry and agriculture

activities.

Alexandria is also an industrial governorate where 40% of Egyptian industries are concentrated,

especially chemicals, food, spinning and weaving as well as oil industries and fertilizers. Borg Al-Arab

city was established to be an industrial, housing and agricultural city to absorb the current and future

population increase.

Alexandria's total area

comes to 2300.00 km2,

and is divided into one

Markaz, one city, 7

districts, and 3 rural local

units. The total population

of the Governorate

reaches 5.163.750 million

persons recording a

natural growth rate of

20.60 per thousand

persons in 2017

(CAPMAS, 2017).

Figure 1-21: The

administrative units and

borders of Alexandria

Governorate

Source: General Organization for Physical Planning,

Alexandria Governorate, 2017.

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4.2.2 Administrative divisions Beheira Governorate

Beheira Governorate encompassing 15 administrative Markez include 15 cities, 83 Rural Local Units, and 408 Affiliated Villages.

Table 1-1: Administrative Division of study area in Beheira Governorate

Administrative Division

Beheira Governorate The study area

Markez/ City Village

Abo El Matameer, Rasheed, Abo Hommos, Shoubra kheit, Edco, Kafr El Dawar, El Delngat, Koum Hamada, El Rahmanyah, Wadi El Natroan, El Mahmoudya, Etay Al Baroud, Badr, Hoash Eissa, Damanhour

Edko Al Maadeya

Kafr El Dawar Qubanieh Abu Qir,

El Amara Kom Asho

Source: Information Center of Beheira Governorate, 2017.

The Markez of Kafr El Dawar is divided into 10 additional local village units to the city, and the Markez includes 38 villages and 82 Azab10. Regards Edko Markaz, it includes one city which is Edko city and three local units (Al Maadeya, Mansheyat Debono, 6th of October), and 74 Azab according to Edko Information Centre.

Alexandria Governorate

Alexandria Governorate is administratively divided into 7 districts and 1 city, in addition to one new urban city, Burj Al Arab. The rural areas of the Governorate include 3 main rural local units, 5 sub-villages.

Table 1-2: Administrative Division of study areas in Alexandria Governorate

Administrative Division

Alexandria Governorate The study areas

District Village

Ameriya, Alagmi, Gharb, Sharq, El Montaza, Waset, El

Gomrok Ameriya

Zawya Abdel Qader, Mergham

Source: Information Center of Alexandria Governorate, 2016.

Al Ameriya District is divided into 6 Sheikh11 and 3 local units that are comprised of 7 villages.

10 Azab is a term used for a limited residential community in the middle or on the edge of the farmland. Azab is different from village in terms of size, shape and population. In terms of shape, it is usually unplanned and its size is as small as 20 houses, and its population usually is no more than 3,000 person. The term "Azab" is used in administrative division only in rural areas.

11 The term “Sheikh" is used in administrative division only in urban areas.

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4.2.3 Demographic characteristics

1. Total Population

The pipeline is located in agricultural land belonging administratively to the following villages.

The following table presents the Population of the main villages surrounding the pipeline route. The

route will pass through cultivated areas with surrounding villages at Edko, Kafr El Dawar, and Al

Ameriya areas.

Table 1-3: Distribution of number of households according to gender at the level of villages in the study areas

Area Number of Households

Population Total Population

Male Female

Beheira Governorate 1,544,181 3,181,812 2,989,801 6,171,613

Edko Markaz 53,102 111,101 103,758 214,859

Al Maadeya 7,945 16,853 15,638 32,491

Kafr El Dawar Markaz 168,747 363,765 335,454 699,219

Qubanieh Abu Qir, 10,159 21,448 20,132 41,850

El Amara 2,615 5,748 5,258 11,006

Kom Asho 4,068 9,264 8,414 17,678

Alexandria Governorate 1,331,371 2,654,824 2,508,926 5,163,750

Al Ameriya District 113,513 247,274 227,797 475,071

Zawya Abdel Qader, 22,301 48,900 42,586 91,486

Mergham 10,121 21,772 20,610 42,382

Source: CAPMAS, Census of population activities of the governorates, Arab Republic of Egypt, 2017

2. Growth rate

The following table provides data on natural growth rates in the Governorates of Beheira and

Alexandria. In addition, the percentage of each Governorate population out of the total population of

the Arab Republic of Egypt is displayed.

Table 1-4: Growth rate in project’s areas

Item Unit Governorate

Beheira Alexandria

The population to total population nationwide

% 6,5% 5,4%

Population natural growth rate

Person 27.40 20.60

Average of family members

Person 4.25 3.83

Birth rate Live Birth/ Thousand Persons 32.90 29.10

Mortality rate Dead Person/ Thousand Person 5.50 8,50

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Source: Beheira and Alexandria Governorate- Egypt Description by Information, 2014.

3. Poverty index

According to Poverty Mapping developed by CAPMAS in 2013, the percentage of poor people in the

project areas is limited, and the majority of households in the project areas are not below the poverty

line.

Table 1-5: Poverty index in Project Areas

Area Percentage of poor people Poverty gap

Edko 21,2 4,2

Kafr El Dawar 24,3 4,6

Al Ameriya 32,1 7,4

Source: CAPMAS Poverty Mapping data 2013

4.2.4 Human development profile

Educational and work status should be highlighted in order to determine the current socioeconomic

conditions of the community people in the project area.

Education

Table 1-6: The education in the project areas

Education

Project Area

Beheira

Governorate

Alexandria

Governorate

The percentage of those having basic education (10

years+) 13.6466% 29.3010%

The percentage of those having basic education (10

years+) among females 11.6782% 25.4200%

The percentage of those having university education 7.5164% 26.3401%

The percentage of those having university education

among females 4.9313% 16.6001%

Illiteracy rate 41.5436% 17,60%

Illiteracy rate among females 51.8549% 33.10%

Source: CAPMAS Poverty Mapping data 2013

Work status

The following data illustrate the labor sector in Beheira and Alexandria Governorate

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Table 1-7: Work Status in the Project Areas

Education Project area Governorate

Beheira Alexandria

Labor force 40.75% 76,23%

Rate of unemployment 7.42 % 17,82%

Unemployed males of total unemployed persons

52.47% 66,43%

The increase in labor force 3.04% 11,30%

Source: Beheira and Alexandria Governorate- Egypt Description by Information, 2014

Sources of Income

As noted from the previous table, the villages are characterized by an increased poverty rates. Most of

the population depends on farming either as land owners or as workers in farming of other farms.

Agriculture is the only activity at this area. It is expected that there will be adverse impacts on the

livelihood of the farmers in the area during construction. It was noted during the field work that each

feddan requires about 4-6 workers in agriculture so in addition to loss of the crops, those workers will

also lose their main source of livelihood.

There are many industrial areas in Al Ameriya district Alexandria Governorates in the end of the

pipeline, which are at a large distance from the route of the line. Hence, they will not be directly

affected by construction work, and are likely to benefit in the future due to the availability of an energy

source in the region.

4.2.5 Social Land Use of the route The pipeline route extends across agricultural areas located in Edko, Kafr El Dawar, and Al Ameriya

areas. The route spans across diverse areas from the point of view of socio-economic analysis, these

areas are described in the following section:

Coastal areas (Fish Farming areas - Edko lake): The areas located parallel to Edko lake is characterized by fish farming plots. The route passes the fish farming area along with the Edko lake parallel to the International Coastal Road.

Figure 1-22: The path of the pipeline near the Fish farming areas at Edko lake

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Agricultural areas: the pipeline extends across agricultural areas located in Edko, Kafr El Dawar, and Al Ameriya. The main impacts here will be on the livelihood of farmers due to temporary land acquisition during construction of the pipeline. It was noted during the field work that several encroachments on agricultural lands occur, where structures have been erected in the route.

Figure 1-23: Cultivated areas in the route

4.2.6 Social Concerns

Fish Farming areas at Edko Lake:

Findings from the field work have identified potential impacts for the line as it extends in the fish farming area close to Edko Lake. The impacts that were described by the local community indicate that there will be significant impacts on the livelihood of the fishermen.

The construction works requires to fully dry the fish farm area in order to conduct the excavation. This will require paying a compensation of the whole fish farm to the PAPs.

There are also several illegal encroachments such as extension of some fish farms in the area.

Figure 1-24: illegal extension of some fish farms in the area Edko- Al Maadeya

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The compensation value will depend on the type of fish and age of fish as well.

Findings from the field visits show that fish farms are closed for cleaning two months in the year. The consultant recommends conducting the construction works during that time to limit the amounts of compensation and limit the adverse impacts on livelihood. Thus it is recommended to conduct the excavation at this area using the HDD technology.

Agricultural areas:

The route extends in agricultural areas, where excavation works will have temporary significant adverse impacts on the livelihood of farmers.

Findings from the field work show the following social concerns:

Land use varies across the route, including cultivated areas, surface waterways as well as main roads and internal roads.

Figure 1-25: surface waterways

Figure 1-26: internal road

Several encroachments on agricultural lands occur, where structures have been erected in the route. It must be noted that the urbanization trend will continue tremendously which will have an impact on the design of the route. It will be necessary at some areas to do some changes to the route to avoid existing buildings12.

The prevalent crops are (wheat – trefoil - beans), the actual compensation value will depend on the cropping season. The area is famous for Palm trees and fruits such as orange in Edko

12 No structures are expected to be demolished. GASCO will maneuver the line according to the agreement with land owners and no structures will be demolished. The RAP study details also the avoidance mechanisms conducted by GASCO to avoid demolishing any structures and also details the future procedure in case the land becomes urbanized. In this case GASCO purchases the land from the owner. By law, once the land is within urban boundaries, the owner of the land is allowed to use the land for construction purposes. In such cases and in order for GASCO to secure the land where the pipelines are and prevent any activities that may damage the pipelines, GASCO buys the land from the owners at replacement value in line with market prices. This is stipulated under Article 6 and 7 of the Decree number 292 Year 1998 on the executive regulations of Law 4 year 1988.

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and Kafr Al-Dawar. Some types of trees do not have a defined value at the agricultural cooperatives such as willow trees.

In some areas there is an encroachment on the Right of Way where it is used for cultivate crops and trees.

Figure 1-27: encroachments on agricultural

lands in the project area

Figure 1-28: utilization of the right of way in agriculture

Figure 1-29: Photo collection during conducting the field work

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The environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) is a process used to identify and evaluate the

significance of potential impacts on various environmental and social receptors as a result of planned

activities during (construction and operation) phases of the Project. Furthermore, the analysis of

environmental and social impacts is important to detail an effective management and monitoring plan,

which will minimize negative impacts and maximize positives.

5.1 Impacts Significance Ranking

5.1.1 Ranking Methodology Rating matrix method was applied to identify the significance of the impacts presented above for both

the construction and operation phases. Each impact will be given a rank for severity (S) and frequency

of occurrence (F). Ranks are given on a scale from 1 to 5, as shown in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1 - Scale used in Severity and Frequency Ranking of Impacts

1 2 3 4 5

very low Low Medium High very high

An impact is considered significant if its severity is ranked 4 or higher, or if the product of the severity

and frequency ratings is equal to 12 or higher.

To determine the severity rank, four parameters are considered, as follows:

Scale: How far can the impact spread? To exemplify, considerations can include the size of an

area affected by land pollution impacts, number of people affected by health impacts, etc.

Possibility of reducing the impact: How difficult will it be to reverse or mitigate the impact?

Considerations can include, for instance, availability of technology to change impact, level of

complexity of available technology, capacity to apply the available technology, existence of

constraints to change impact, etc.

Cost of changing the impact: How much will it cost to change the impact?, cost in relation to

the means of change considered in the above parameter

Effect on public image: To what degree does the impact affect the public image of the

enterprise (positively for positive impacts and negatively for negative impacts)?

As for the frequency rank, two parameters are considered:

a. Probability: What is the probability of occurrence of the impact?

b. Duration: How long will the impact last?

Equation 1- Formula used to Determine Aspect Significance Ranking:

𝑆 = 𝐴𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐴𝐺𝐸(𝑅𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 , 𝑅𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 , 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑅𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒)

𝐹 = 𝐴𝑉𝐸𝑅𝐴𝐺𝐸(𝑅𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 , 𝑅𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)

5 Environmental and Social Impacts

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𝑅 = 𝑆 × 𝐹 = 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓(𝑆 × 𝐹) ≥ 12 OR 𝑆 ≥ 4

This analysis is conducted for both the construction and operation phases of the project. Detailed

assessment table presented in table 1 in annex 3.

5.2 Positive Impacts

5.2.1 During The Construction Phase Provide direct job opportunities to skilled and semi-skilled laborers

Based on similar projects implemented by GASCO, the project is expected to result in the creation of

job opportunities, both directly and indirectly. The local community could theoretically provide a

proportion of this temporary labour force dependent on skills needed and the strategies of the

individual contractors in sourcing their workforce.

In order to maximize employment opportunities in the local communities it is anticipated that training

will be required for currently unskilled workers. On-the-job training will also supplement

opportunities for the local workforce for both temporary construction roles also for long-term

operations phase position, where these are available.

Create indirect opportunities

Increased economic activity in project area through the following supply chain:

Implementation of works and provision of supplies related to construction, operation

and closure of the site and ancillary facilities;

Provision of transportation, freight and storage services to the Project;

Drivers and mini-bus owners will benefit from the transportation of the workers;

Provision of food supplies, catering, and cleaning services;

Provision of building and auxiliary materials and accessories, engineering, installation and

maintenance;

Provision of white goods, electronic appliances, communications and measurement

equipment;

Security personnel;

Retail services;

Provision of fuel;

Workers and engineers may need accommodation facilities; and

National pipes and scaffold factories will be flourished.

5.2.2 During The Operation Phase

Economic Impacts The expansion of the National Natural Gas Grid has several positive economic impacts:

Expanding the natural gas network will facilitate potential future connection of energy

source to local industries which will indirectly create job opportunities; and

Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported fuel.

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Energy use

This environmental aspect is considered a potential positive impact since the proposed

project will support Egypt’s strategy by supplying the region with natural gas to industry

and consumers by increasing the production of both (WDGC) and Amreya Liquefied

petroleum gas (LPG) to contribute to the local market. In addition to supplying natural

gas to the residential areas.

With expanding the production of natural gas this will lead to decrease and minimize the

use of the Heavy fuel oil, Light fuel oil and Coal.

5.3 Negative Impacts

5.3.1 Potential Negative Impacts during Construction - Environmental Impacts Air Quality

Construction of the pipelines will include several activities such as excavation, land clearing, concrete foundations, transportation of construction material and equipment, burial of cables and pipes, etc. Machineries used during construction such, as excavator, generators, boring machine, etc are certified and maintained. Those activities in consequence are expected to emit air pollutants to the ambient air, however it will be conducted for a short periods. The following air pollutants are foreseeable for most of the construction activities:

Particulate matter and suspended solids from excavation/backfilling operations

Possible dispersion from stockpiles of waste or sand used for filling trenches.

Exhaust from excavation equipment and heavy machinery (excavators, trenchers, loaders, trucks) containing SOx, NOx, CO, VOCs, etc.

Fugitive dust emissions ( PM10, PM2.5)

Traffic congestions resulting from road closure or slowing down of traffic due to excavation works.

Dust

The impact of dust generation (particulate matter) will be limited to the working hours as excavation and backfilling are carried out within the same day.

Excavation on dusty or rocky roads such as local roads and some urban roads are likely to generate more dust compared to asphalted streets due to the dusty status of those roads.

Gaseous pollutants emissions

The increase in emissions stemming from the exhaust of machinery is unlikely to increase ambient levels beyond national and WB permissible levels.

On urban roads, traffic congestion may lead to increase exhaust of emissions. Traffic management with local authority will reduce the impact of works on road congestion and associated emissions. The emissions will be mostly limited to the construction phase and therefore are temporary.

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However, these emissions are expected to be in small amounts and temporary with minimal odor

emissions are expected to occur during the construction phase from chemicals, oils and paints used

during the construction phase. Following the implementation of the mitigation measures as mentioned

in section 8, the significant of the air quality during construction phase will be low.

The impact level from dust emission is expected to be High

Aquatic Environment

The aquatic environment can be impacted in case of improper disposal of construction wastes or

debris in the waterways. In addition, the improper disposal of the wastewater resulting from the

hydrostatic testing of the pipeline can cause changes in the characteristics if the waterways used for

such disposal.

However, based on previous field experience of GASCO, the construction waste and wastewater are

collected and stored in adequate container or trucks and send off-site to the nearest disposal or water

treatment plant. Overall, impacts are considered low as good working practices and site management

practices are in place.

The water resulting from the hydrostatic test of the pipeline collected in onsite tanks and then is

transported directly to the nearest waste water treatment plant after coordinating with the wastewater

company and MWRI in order to reduce the impacts on the aquatic environment.

HDD technology will be applied on crossing the fishers therefore no environmental impacts are

anticipated , and concerning the social impacts the fisheries will be treated by the same mechanism

like the farmers.

The impact on aquatic environment is expected to be High without good practices or improper

disposal.

Noise and Vibration

Construction activities of the gas distribution network will likely increase noise levels due to excavation

and heavy machinery but not exceeding the WB/IFC guidelines and Law 4/1994-9/2009-105/2015

standards for noise intensity. However, the activities will be temporary and for short time.

In addition, nearby residents will be affected by the increased noise levels during the construction

phase. Additionally, noise and vibration is expected to be higher in small secondary roads where open

cut drilling and pavement is expected to be used. The construction activities are expected to be carried

out throughout the daytime. Prior to construction activities, all machines are calibrated by third party

and GASCO safety department measures and audits the machine during construction to ensure that

the noise is within the allowable limits. Therefore, as long as good practice work is in place the

significant of noise and vibration can be considered low.

The construction activities are expected to be carried out throughout the day time, and the noise and vibration impacts are expected to be High.

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Ecology (Flora and Fauna)

The Consultant has conducted baseline surveys in order to assess the presence and distribution of

ecologically sensitive species and habitats. None of the species found on or near the pipeline route is

rare or endangered. Nevertheless, care should be taken to keep any impact as low as reasonably

possible. It is concluded that the construction activities will affect endangered fauna or flora species

or disturb valuable habitats; therefore, impacts are considered insignificant.

The impact is considered as insignificant.

Land use, landscape and visual Impact

The construction activities; including the right of way activities, will affect the agricultural land during

the construction period which is expected to continue over the period of one agricultural season, and

then afterwards the land will be restored to its original state and leveled. In case that the pipeline will

pass close to residential areas, care will be taken to not to negatively affect the areas of passage

However, this impact is seasonal only and will be eliminated after the project construction ends; since

the agricultural lands will be restored to their original state. The only land that will be permanently

impacted is the land used for the valve rooms location.

No impacts are anticipated after the pipeline is constructed (during operation). Although some restrictions are normally applied on the land uses of the RoW (2*2 m in urban areas and 6*2 meters) in rural areas from the center of the pipeline), those limitations do not apply on this project for the following reasons:

The route will pass across land which is only classified as agriculture land13 (no urban areas and no cities or villages) or vacant state owned land.

GASCO consult with the survey department before determining the route to ensure that the land of the route is not getting into urban boundaries in the near future.

There will be no restriction of use of the land of the route of this project since the PAPs can continue cultivating all the kind of crops and trees14 they are currently cultivating. The types of trees with deep roots (e.g. wood trees) which are restricted above the gas lines are not normally cultivated in this area.

In the future, if the land where the pipelines are installed gets into urban boundaries, GASCO purchases the land from the owner. By law, once the land is within urban boundaries, the owner of the land is allowed to use the land for construction purposes. In such cases and in order for GASCO to secure the land where the pipelines are and prevent any activities that may damage the pipelines, GASCO buys the land from the owners at replacement value in line with market prices. This is stipulated under Article 6 and 7 of the Decree number 292 Year 1998 on the executive regulations of Law 4 year 1988. The 2 articles deal with the cases where damages occur to the owner of the land as a result of the implementation of Law 4. GASCO deals with the cases where the land gets into urban boundaries after the pipeline is installed as damage for the owner who should benefit from full market value for his land. In

13 Construction on agriculture land is prohibited by law

14 It is normal for the trees cultivation to be made in rows with about 12 m distance left between the rows. The farmer will put into consideration the location of the pipeline and ensure it is in the middle of the 12m distance.

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such cases, the affected person approaches GASCO, inform about the case and a new contract is signed for purchasing the land. This kind of arrangement is clearly known to the farmers and GASCO (through its compensation committee) always share this information during the early awareness raising and information sessions.

The impact level is considered to be High but for a limited period

Soils, Geology and Hydrogeology

The excavation activities will result in disturbance of the soil and geological characteristics. This will

be more pronounced in the trench’s area (around 1 meter depth) where excavation, pipeline laying,

and soil compaction as a result of heavy equipment take place. Soil disturbance at higher depths will

also take place in case of applying auger boring or HDD technologies in main crossings. In addition,

potential soil contamination may take place as a result of spillage or leaks of oils.

The impact on the soil characteristics of the agricultural land is Low since it affects low depth.

Traffic

An increased number of trucks and heavy equipment will be necessary to transport the construction

materials and equipment to the project site during the construction phase. In addition, the

construction activities may lead to rerouting the small secondary/internal roads, which the pipeline

route passes under it for 1-2 days, when either boring or open cut excavation methods are used.

This will lead to reduction in the average speed of the vehicles on the road and the number of operating

lanes, and may affect the areas devoted for parking. This may also increase the probability of having

car accidents. While the traffic rerouting will only be for a limited number of days during the boring

or open cut excavation work and the impact is expected to be medium.

Traffic and access limitation effects are Medium.

Archaeological, Historic and Cultural Heritage

There are no archaeological concerns that encounter the pipeline route, however, if any archeological

sites are discovered during the construction activities, the proper actions will be taken to report the

site and construction will be stopped.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be Insignificant.

Natural Disaster Risk

Earthquake and floods may disturb the construction activities. This has the potential to negatively

impact the time schedule of the construction activities and may cause injuries or fatalities to the

workers. However as natural disasters are not considered common in the project area, therefore the

impact is expected to be Medium.

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However as natural disasters are not considered common in the project area, therefore the impact is expected to be short-termed, however of Medium impact.

Major Accidents and Hazards

The construction activities may include leaks of the oil equipment and machinery which may affect

the land in the project site. Most of the maintenance activities will be carried off site in areas specialized

in such activities, the effect of this impact is expected to be Medium and for a short-term.

The impact is expected to be Medium.

Solid Waste Management

Solid waste will comprise domestic waste, construction waste and some hazardous wastes from the

project activities. The waste is expected to include the following waste streams:

Hazardous wastes:

Welding belts

Used oil waste

Asphalt

Miscellaneous containers, paint cans, solvent containers, aerosol cans, adhesive, and lubricant

containers

Non-hazardous wastes:

Soil (excavated or surplus)

Packaging materials

Damaged products (pipes, etc.);

Packing timber;

Geotextiles;

Paving materials;

Electrical cable off-cuts;

Concrete; and

Domestic Wastes (From the labor use on-site)

Based on GASCO field experience, a proper waste collection and storage is implemented. Waste are

collected by licensed contractors. Moreover, Hazardous wastes are sent to Nasreya landfill. The impact

if improper solid waste handling is high but on applying the proper mitigation and monitoring, the

impact will be Low.

The impact of improper solid waste handling is expected to be High but with proper management

it will be Low.

Community health and safety

The excavation works within the project areas will affect the community health and safety:

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Waste accumulation. Accumulation of waste in the construction areas might become a hub for insects and unfavorable smells which will negatively affect the surrounding communities. This is one of the potential unfavorable impacts. However, according to solid waste management stated in the previous section, this impact is considered to be low.

Project infrastructure excavation works will result in the presence of open trenches in areas accessible to local community (e.g., in front of building and shops.) The presence of open trenches can pose risks of accidental falls and injuries. But trenches are expected to be open during the work day, with no trenches being left open after working hours.

Additionally, awareness-raising sessions is provided to workers and community members to promote safety and health while safety supervisors are hired to oversee excavation sites. These supervisors are chosen from among community members by NGOs and is largely responsible for children and their safety around the construction site. Concerning workers, they should be trained on the occupational health and safety measures and they should be strictly monitored.

This impact is consider to be High but assuming that the H&S management system is with clear guidance and training and supervision of all workers and contractors, these occupational health and safety impacts can be considered low.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be High

Occupational Health and Safety

General risks associated with construction sites and anticipated include slips and falls; moving Lorries and machinery; exposure to chemicals and other hazardous materials; exposure to electric shock and burns; exposure to high noise intensity levels.

Noise

The noise intensity level resulting from jackhammers surpasses permissible level of 90 dB (A) for work place with up to 8 hour shifts. But as the mitigation measures will be implemented as state in section 8, the significant of this impact is considered to be medium.

Vibrations

The use of jackhammers will results in the generation of hand-arm vibrations; the typical vibration value is of 9 m/s2, which exceeds the ACGIH Threshold limit value of 5 m/s2 (8 hour equivalent total value), but is below the exposure limit of 12 m/s2 for a total daily duration of less than an hour. Typical drilling activities for excavation works are intermittent. However, the workers are provided with PPE so impact is medium.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be High .

Existing Infrastructure

Prior to excavation GASCO performs exploratory drills to investigate the presence of underground

utilities (sewerage pipe, sanitary pipeline that may have been installed without accurate documentation

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and maps for its routes and depths. Therefore, the risk of damage to such utilities during excavations

for natural gas pipeline installation is possible but minimal.

The effect of this impact is expected to be Medium and for a short period of time.

Land Acquisition

Permanent acquisition of land (willing buyer – willing seller approach): for the establishment of the valve rooms.

In such cases, the common rule of GASCO is to provide full replacement cost for purchasing the land

as per the market price under satisfactory, agreeable and appropriate agreement. It might be roughly

suggested that each of the land plots (25m x 45 m) for each of the valve rooms.

GASCO follows the principles of the willing buyer - willing seller by defining alternatives and always

giving the opportunity to the land owner to refuse to sell his/her land. In case the land owners are not

willing to sell their land, GASCO design team reroutes the line to pass through areas where land

owners are willing to sell.

Based on field experience, the farmers were usually willing to sell their land to GASCO. GASCO usually purchases the land at a value that is equivalent to or above the market value. This ends with a value that is equivalent to the replacement value (here is equivalent to the market value in addition to any taxes or other fees associated with purchase/registration/title transfer of comparable replacement land)15. The RAP team was informed that even though the land is agriculture land, GASCO offers to buy it at a price equivalent to housing areas price which is significantly higher than the regular market price for agricultural land.

Temporary acquisition of land: Farming, in most of the cases, is the sole source of income for the affected

farmers. However, GASCO pay the full replacement cost of the crops. The Resettlement Action Plan

(RAP), guided by the WB Resettlement Policy OP 4.12, involves a full inventory survey for the PAPs

and valuation for the compensation that should be paid.

On drying of the fish farms ,for small fisherman this represents the sole income in many cases. A

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) was prepared guided by the WB Resettlement Policy OP 4.12. The

RAP involves a full inventory survey for the PAPs and a valuation for the compensation that should

be paid. Although the RAP has been prepared and the impact on land acquisition is mostly temporary,

localized but with high severity, it is considered to the farmers whose livelihood depends on farming

as a major inconvenience.

The effect of this impact is expected to be High

Temporary storing of equipment and construction material and workers camps

Temporary occupation of land will be required for the workers camps and storing of equipment and

materials. Most of the time, the selected plot will be in a public area (road for example) where there is

15 In determining the market price, the compensation committee of GASCO resort to recent land selling transactions that took place in the area for similar plots of land. The committee also has valuation experts and, in many cases, resort to local key informants from the area.

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enough space. However, in case temporary use of land may result in the alteration of previous use or

agricultural production, the loss for the previous user should be fully and fairly compensated during

the period of occupation by the project (full rent price will be paid to the owner).

The impact level is considered Medium

Temporary Labor Influx

The number of workers varies according to the size of the work in each area; Given the size of population in project sites and the availability of most of services, the limited number of workers (100 worker) will not result in any significant impact on the community resource. The implementing companies will rely on unskilled labor whom are often from areas adjacent to the project areas. As such, labors are not permanently resident during the project duration, which minimize their presence in the project areas, as well as their limitation to the working hours only. Consequently, it will lead to the absence of potential impacts for high prices or rental values of homes in the project areas. Moreover, there are no potential effects of temporary labor influx on the culture of the society in the project areas.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be Insignificant.

Risk pertaining to child labor

The child labor is a common practice in Egypt at large scale. Children below 18 are favorable labor as they receive low salaries and they are less demanding. This risk should be carefully handled in the ESMP and restrict obligations and monitoring should be applied in the contractor obligations. Moreover, since GASCO is governmental company it is prohibit to employ child by GASCO or the subcontractor according to Egyptian Labor law. More details is stated in section 8

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be Medium

Street condition deterioration

Streets rehabilitation or restoration (رد الشئ إلصله) following pipeline network installation is covered

by and Egyptian legal/institutional expression that signifies the responsibility to “restore to original

condition”. In the context of the project, it applies to the responsibility of the implementing

company to provide the necessary resources to re-pave roads and streets to the original state after

natural gas excavation and installation works. The current arrangement is that the implementing

entity performs the backfilling of the excavated trenches and agrees a restoration fee with the local

government unit (district) to cover the balance of the restoration and pavement cost. The local unit

uses the fee to include the restoration and re-pavement of the streets in its “pavements plan”.

Moreover, applying HDD in main intersects with the pipeline route doesn’t cause interruption or

damage to streets or roads.

The impact level is considered Medium

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5.3.2 Potential Negative Impacts during Operation

Air Quality

No gaseous emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase except for the potential

natural gas leak or in case of accidents and during maintenance activities. Additionally, no dust or odor

emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase of the project.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant.

Aquatic Environment

The project operation will not have any effect on the aquatic environment.


Noise and vibration

Minimal noise will be generated from the operation of the valve rooms.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be low.


The project operation will not affect the flora and fauna since the pipeline is laid underground with

minimal maintenance activities.


Land use, Landscape and Visual Impact

Since the pipeline is laid underground, the land in which the pipeline passes through will regain its

usage and no visual impacts will occur.


Soil, Geology and Hydrogeology

The operation of the pipeline will not affect the soil, geology or hydrology of the land.


Traffic

The operation of the pipeline does not include any trucks’ movement or materials’ transportation.


Natural Disaster Risk

Natural disasters such as earthquakes may lead to pipeline breakage. Fire or explosion may take place

in the affected areas which may lead to severe injuries or death to the nearby human beings. This may

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also lead to the temporary cut-off of natural gas supply to the nearby area. However, the natural

disaster risk is not common in the project area.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be Medium impact with short termed.

Major Accidents and Emergencies

Accidents and emergencies such as release of significant amounts of natural gas due to any failure in

the pipeline, maintenance activities or as a result of accidents may take place during the operation of

the proposed project. This may also take place as a result of sabotage or trespass. As previous

mentioned in section 3.5.3, GASCO is applying and following Supervisory Control and Data

Acquisition System (SCADA) which is a highly sophisticated integrated system used to control the

national natural gas pipeline network. The SCADA system performs remote controlling of the valve

rooms to adjust the operating pressure and early detection of any change of pressure in pipeline to

prevent the leakage of natural gas.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be High

Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

The pipeline operation will not dispose any type of solid waste and the project will not have a negative

impact in that regards.


Public Health

The release of significant natural gas amounts cannot cause adverse impacts on the public health and the project activity will not have a negative impact in that regards.



The pipeline operation will not affect the occupational health and safety as there will be a small number

of workers during the inspection and maintenance activities and the project activity will not have a

negative impact in that regards.


Existing Infrastructure

The project operation will not affect the existing infrastructure and no significant impact concerning

the existing infrastructure.


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In addition to a full array of safety and emergency precautions taken by GASCO and the implementing

entities, user safety is prioritized by stating emergency precautions on the land use over the pipeline

and by setting up emergency response centers.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be High in case of improper dealing with accidents

5.3.3 Affected parties

The affected parties or people affected by the project should be discussed in order to try to minimize

any hardships they face due to project implementation.

It is foreseen that the affected parties will be mainly among farmers who will either be losing

their income due to the temporarily expropriation of crop land or permanently due to selling

it to GASCO for the valve rooms.

Moreover, there is the risk of work accidents and injuries to the construction workers during

the construction phase. However, the probability of this risk is very low, since GASCO is very

strict about the health and safety measures and they have their Health and Safety Environment

(HSE) guidelines which they follow strictly.

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5.4 Summary of the Expected Environmental and Social Impacts

Table 5-2 Summary of the expected environmental and social impacts during the construction and operation phases of the project

Receptor Description of impact Significance After Mitigation

Construction

Positive Impacts

Job opportunities

Provide direct job opportunities to skilled and semi-skilled laborers

The local community could theoretically provide a proportion of this temporary labour force dependent on skills needed and the strategies of the individual contractors in sourcing their workforce.

Create indirect opportunities

Increased economic activity in project area through the following:

Implementation of works and provision of supplies related to construction, operation and closure of the site and ancillary facilities;

Provision of transportation, freight and storage services to the Project;

Drivers and mini-bus owners will benefit from the transportation of the workers;

Provision of food supplies, catering, and cleaning services;

Provision of building and auxiliary materials and accessories, engineering, installation and maintenance;

Provision of white goods, electronic appliances, communications and measurement equipment;

Security personnel;

Retail services;

Provision of fuel;

Workers and engineers may need accommodation facilities; and

National pipes and scaffold factories will be flourished.

Positive

Negative Impacts

Air Emissions

The following air pollutants are foreseeable for most of the construction activities:

Particulate matter and suspended solids from excavation/backfilling operations

Possible dispersion from stockpiles of waste or sand used for filling trenches.

Exhaust from excavation equipment and heavy machinery (excavators, trenchers, loaders, trucks) containing SOx, NOx, CO, VOCs, etc.

Traffic congestions resulting from road closure or slowing down of traffic due to excavation works.

Fugitive dust emissions ( PM10, PM2.5)

Gaseous pollutants emissions.

High Low

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Following the implementation of the mitigation measures as mentioned in section 8, the significant of the air

quality during construction phase will be low.

Aquatic Environment

Improperly disposed construction wastes or debris in a waterway, there will be adverse impact on the aquatic environment there. However, based on previous field experience of GASCO, the construction waste and wastewater are collected and stored in adequate container or trucks and send off-site to the nearest disposal or water treatment plant. Overall, impacts are considered low as good working practices and site management practices are in place.

High Low

Noise and Vibration

Construction activities of the gas distribution network will likely increase noise levels due to excavation and heavy machinery but not exceeding the WB/IFC guidelines and Law 4/1994-9/2009-105/2015 standards for noise intensity. However, the activities will be temporary and for short time. Prior to construction activities, all machines are calibrated by third party and GASCO safety department measures and audits the machine during construction to ensure that the noise is within the allowable limits. Therefore, as long as good practice work is in place the significant of noise and vibration can be considered low.

High Medium


The Consultant has conducted baseline surveys in order to assess the presence and distribution of ecologically

sensitive species and habitats. None of the species found on or near the pipeline route is rare or endangered.

Nevertheless, care should be taken to keep any impact as low as reasonably possible. It is concluded that the

construction activities will affect endangered fauna or flora species or disturb valuable habitats; therefore,

impacts are considered insignificant.

Insignificant No

mitigation

Land use, landscape and visual Impact

The right of way activities, will affect the agricultural land during the construction period which is expected to continue over the period of one agricultural season, and then afterwards the land will be restored to its original state and leveled.

High Medium

Soils, Geology and Hydrogeology

The excavation activities will result in disturbance of the soil and geological characteristics around 1 meter depth and on applying auger boring or HDD technologies in main crossings. In addition, potential soil contamination may take place as a result of spillage or leaks of oils.

Low Low

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Traffic

An increased number of trucks and heavy equipment will be necessary to transport the construction materials and equipment to the project site during the construction phase. In addition, the construction activities may lead to rerouting the small secondary/internal roads, which the pipeline route passes under it for 1-2 days, when either boring or open cut excavation methods are used.

Medium Low

Archaeological, Historic and Cultural Heritage

There are no archaeological concerns that encounter the pipeline route, however, if any archeological sites are discovered during the construction activities, the proper actions will be taken to report the site and construction will be stopped.

Insignificant No

mitigation

Natural Disaster Risk The natural disasters are not considered common in the project area. Medium Medium

Major Accidents and Hazards

The construction activities may include leaks of the oil equipment and machinery, which may affect the land in the project site. Most of the maintenance activities will be carried off site in areas specialized in such activities and for a short-term

Medium Medium

Solid Waste Management

Solid waste will comprise domestic waste, construction waste and some hazardous wastes from the project activities. Based on GASCO field experience, a proper waste collection and storage is implemented. Waste are collected by licensed contractors. Moreover, Hazardous wastes are sent to Nasreya landfill. With proper and controlled management this impact is considered low

High Medium


o Accumulation of waste in the construction areas might become a hub for insects and unfavorable smells, which will negatively affect the surrounding communities. This is one of the potential unfavorable impacts.

o Project infrastructure excavation works will result in the presence of open trenches in areas accessible to local community. But trenches are expected to be open during the work day, with no trenches being left open after working hours.

o Additionally, awareness-raising sessions is provided to workers and community members to promote safety and health while safety supervisors are hired to oversee excavation sites. These supervisors are chosen from among community members by NGOs and is largely responsible for children and their safety around the construction site, In the case of the excavation works near a school. Concerning workers, they should be trained on the occupational health and safety measures and they should be strictly monitored, this is the contractor's responsibility.

o Assuming that the H&S management system is with clear guidance and training and supervision of all workers and contractors, these occupational health and safety impacts can be considered low.

High Medium

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o Noise and vibration The noise intensity level resulting from jackhammers surpasses permissible level of 90 dB (A) for work place with up to 8 hour shifts. But as the mitigation measures will be implemented as state in section 8, the significant of this impact is considered to be medium.

High Medium

Existing Infrastructure The construction activities may lead to breaking any of the underground infrastructure (water, sewerage or telecommunication). Prior to excavation GASCO performs exploratory drills to investigate the presence of underground utilities (sewerage pipe, sanitary pipeline that may have been installed without accurate documentation and maps for its routes and depths. Therefore, the risk of damage to such utilities during excavations for natural gas pipeline installation is possible but minimal.

Medium Low

Land Acquisition o Permanent acquisition (Willing buyer – willing seller approach) For the establishment of the valve rooms in agricultural lands..

o Temporary acquisition Temporary acquisition of land and the subsequent impact of damaging crops. However, GASCO pay the full replacement cost of the crops. The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), guided by the WB Resettlement Policy OP 4.12, involves a full inventory survey for the PAPs and valuation for the compensation that should be paid. accordingly , this impact is low

High

Medium

o Temporary storing of equipment and construction material and workers camps Temporary occupation of land will be required for the worker’s camps and storing of equipment and materials. However, in case temporary use of land may result in the alteration of previous use or agricultural production, the loss for the previous user should be fully and fairly compensated during the period of occupation by the project (full rent price will be paid to the owner).

Temporary Labor Influx Having workers in small cities might result in unfavorable impact on the available resources, e.g. pressure on accommodation, food, health care and medication and potable source of water. Given the size of population in project sites and the availability of most of services, the limited number of workers (100 worker) will not result in any significant impact on the community resources.

The numbers of workers hired locally is determined instantly by the contractor according to its needs of employees, and will be work camps

Insignificant No

mitigation

Risk pertaining to child labor

The child labor is a common practice in Egypt at large scale. Children below 18 are favorable labor as they receive low salaries and they are less demanding. This risk should be carefully handled in the ESMP and restrict obligations and monitoring should be applied in the contractor obligations. Moreover, since GASCO is governmental company it is prohibit to employ child by GASCO or the subcontractor according to Egyptian Labor law. More details is stated in section 8

Medium Low

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Street condition deterioration Streets rehabilitation or restoration ( إلصله الشئ رد ) following pipeline network installation: is covered by and Egyptian legal/institutional expression that signifies the responsibility to “restore to original condition”.

Medium Low

Operation

Positive Impacts

Economic Impacts o Expanding the natural gas network will facilitate potential future connection of energy source to local

industries which will indirectly create job opportunities; and o Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported fuel.

Positive

Energy use

- This environmental aspect is considered a potential positive impact since the proposed project will

support Egypt’s strategy by supplying the region with natural gas to industry and consumers by

increasing the production of both (WDGC) and Amreya Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to

contribute to the local market. In addition to supplying natural gas to the residential areas.

- With expanding the production of natural gas this will lead to decrease and minimize the use of the

Heavy fuel oil, Light fuel oil and Coal.

Positive

Negative Impacts

Air Quality No gaseous emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase Insignificant No

mitigation

Aquatic Environment The project operation will not have any effect on the aquatic environment. Insignificant No

mitigation

Noise and vibration Minimal noise will be generated from the operation of the valve rooms. Low No

mitigation

Ecology (Flora and Fauna) The project operation will not affect the flora and fauna Insignificant

Land use, Landscape and Visual Impact

Insignificant

Soil, Geology and Hydrogeology The operation of the pipeline will not affect the soil, geology or hydrology of the land. Insignificant

No mitigation

Since the pipeline is laid underground, the land in which the pipeline passes through will regain its

usage and no visual impacts will occur.

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Traffic The operation of the pipeline does not include any trucks’ movement or materials’ transportation. Insignificant

Natural Disaster Risk Natural disasters such as earthquakes may lead to pipeline breakage. Fire or explosion may take place in the

affected areas which may lead to severe injuries or death to the nearby human beings. This may also lead to

the temporary cut-off of natural gas supply to the nearby area.

Medium No

mitigation

Major Accidents and Emergencies

Release of significant amounts of natural gas due to any failure in the pipeline, maintenance activities or as a

result of accidents may take place during the operation of the proposed project. This may also take place as a

result of sabotage or trespass. As previous mentioned in section 3.5.3, GASCO is applying and following

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) which is a highly sophisticated integrated system

used to control the national natural gas pipeline network. The SCADA system performs remote controlling

of the valve rooms to adjust the operating pressure and early detection of any change of pressure in pipeline

to prevent the leakage of natural gas.

High Medium

Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

The pipeline operation will not dispose any type of solid waste and the project will not have a negative impact

in that regards. Insignificant

No mitigation

Public Health The release of significant natural gas amounts cannot cause adverse impacts on the public health and the

project activity will not have a negative impact in that regards. Insignificant

No mitigation


The pipeline operation will not affect the occupational health and safety as there will be a small number of

workers during the inspection and maintenance activities and the project activity will not have a negative

impact in that regards.

Insignificant No

mitigation

Existing Infrastructure The project operation will not affect the existing infrastructure and no significant impact concerning the

existing infrastructure. Insignificant

No mitigation


In addition to a full array of safety and emergency precautions taken by GASCO and the implementing entities,

user safety is prioritized by stating emergency precautions on the land use over the pipeline and by setting up

emergency response centers.

High Medium

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This chapter discusses the different possible alternatives in four main topics: alternative

construction methods and technologies (especially in crossing roads, railways and waterways),

alternative route options, alternative energy sources other than natural gas, in addition to the “No

action” alternative.

6.1 The “No Action” Alternative

The main target of the proposed project is to increase the natural gas supply to WDGC and

Amreya LPG plant in order to increase the production rate of these plants and also to meet the

growing national demand.

In case of having “No Action”, this will affect the petrochemical industry in Egypt as Raven gas

will be transferred through WDGC and Amreya LPG to a set of petrochemical materials which

are :-

1- Mixture of ethane and propane.

2- propane for export,

3- LPG

Accordingly, in case there is no gas from RAVEN, the production of all the previous products

can't be increased

Hence, the “No Action” alternative is not accepted.

6.2 Pipeline Installation Technology Alternatives

To install a natural gas pipeline beneath the ground level, this can either be done by digging a

trench or using trenchless technologies. Trenchless technologies can be further classified as guided

methods and non-guided methods. In this analysis, the most famous technology in each category

will be considered; namely, horizontal directional drilling representing the guided trenchless

technology, auger boring representing the non-guided trenchless technology, and the open-cut

representing the trench technology.

6.2.1 Trenchless Technologies 3.3.9 presents the description of HDD and auger boring technologies. HDD has some advantages

compared to auger boring and open-cut technique as follows:

Compared to the open-cut technology, it doesn’t cause interruption to traffic flow.

Compared to the open-cut technology, it causes less disturbance to the surface and sub-

surface soil layers.

Compared to the auger boring technology, it can be used for larger distances and wider

range of pipeline diameters.

Compared to the auger boring technology, it is a surface-launched process which doesn’t

require drive pits.

Compared to the auger boring technology, it is a guided method, and accordingly can

achieve high accuracy for the pipeline path.

Can be employed for high depths, and accordingly can avoid any breakage accidents to the

existing infrastructure lines/cables.

6 Alternatives

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On the other hand, HDD suffers from some disadvantages including:

Like any other trenchless technology, and according to the geologic condition, soil collapse

may take place during the installation.

In case of having existing infrastructure lines/cables, there will be less flexibility in

choosing the pipeline depth, the fact which may necessitate drilling through soil layers

which may be of insufficient strength to withstand the slurry’s pressure.

Not favorable with soils containing gravels and cobbles.

6.2.2 Open-Cut Method

This is the traditional method for pipeline installation. It is very simple technology which just

depends on excavating the soil, laying the pipeline, and backfilling. However, it is technically not

possible to be used in crossings with major waterways. It can be used in crossings with major roads

and railways; however, this will cause huge interruption to traffic as this will necessitate either re-

routing or reducing the number of lanes. This will lead to reduction in the average speed of the

vehicles on the road, and may affect the areas devoted for parking. This may also increase the

probability of having car accidents, in addition to negative socio-economic impacts as a result of

interrupting the flow of people and goods. Open-cut method may be the only possible solution in

case of having long pipeline distances such as in agricultural lands or desert areas.

In conclusion, for desert and agricultural areas located on the pipeline route, open-cut method is

recommended to be used since this will not negatively affect the environment, and it will be a

cheap and safe option. On the other hand, for main road crossings and the Nile River crossing,

HDD is more recommended.

6.3 Routing Alternatives

From the environmental and social point of view, the best pipeline route is the one which

minimizes the change in the land use, the interruption of the ecological nature, the intersection

with residential areas and areas with special nature such as religious buildings and historical areas.

This point of view intersects with GASCO’s strategy which aims to choose a route away from the

residential areas, and in locations already containing other infrastructure pipelines/cables to

minimize disturbance in new areas. GASCO has an unwritten strategy that avoids passing through

any construction buildings including: houses, religious buildings and historical areas.

The preferred route was selected on parameters like:

• Study Area Identification: Identifying major features in the study area like main roadways,

residential and commercial areas to help identify constraints during the selection of the

routes

• Mapping the resources: Existing linear corridors include major streets, waterways,

railroads, and utility lines. Existing linear corridors are considered opportunity areas for

pipeline routing because they have already been developed and therefore are generally

considered a compatible land use. In addition, these linear corridors generally provide

existing access for construction and maintenance requirements.

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In addition, the choice of the pipeline route put into consideration some technical aspects set by

GASCO including the following:

• far from residential areas as much as possible;

• crossing roads in appropriate areas;

• Avoid pipe passage from congested areas;

• Accessibility of the construction area and facilitating the implementing of the construction

work;

• Proximity to the existing gas network as much as possible;

• Avoid route crossing by any of cultural heritage areas, graveyards and prayers houses;

• Routes run parallel to existing utility lines (such as power lines)

Based on these criteria, the line route for the proposed project was chosen. The point of

intersection with waterways is chosen in coordination with the Ministry of Water Resources and

Irrigation.

Around the Nile, there are residential areas in separate locations, the fact that made it a bit difficult

to choose alternative pipeline routes. The chosen pipeline route achieves the environmental and

social targets, and at the same time aligns with GASCO’s strategy, which aims at choosing routes

already containing existing infrastructure (paved roads), and minimizing intersection with

residential areas.

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7.1 Measures for Impacts during Construction Phase

7.1.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Dust Emissions During the construction phase, dust emissions are expected from on-site activities (preparation,

excavation, etc.), in addition to the various construction equipment and vehicles that will be used

on site. An assigned supervisor will ensure the implementation of good site construction practices

as follows:

1. Controlled wetting and compaction of excavation/backfilling surrounding area;

2. Excavated soil stockpiles and stored sand should be located in sheltered areas. Stored

fine sand should be covered with appropriate covering material16, such as polyethylene or

textile sheets to avoid soil dispersion;

3. Appropriate sitting and covering of stockpiles of friable materials with adequate cover in

addition to regular water spraying so as to minimize dust blow;

4. Minimizing drop heights for material transfer activities such as unloading of friable

materials;

5. Transportation of excavation/construction waste should be through licensed and

sufficiently equipped vehicles with a suitable special box or provided with a cover to

prevent loose particles of waste and debris from escaping into the air or dropping on the

road; and

6. Sheeting of Lorries transporting friable construction materials.

7.1.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Gaseous Emissions

Maintaining and operating construction equipment and vehicles properly during the

construction phase and ensure the compliance of the exhaust emissions from diesel

engines with the limits of the environmental law;

Ensuring that vehicles and equipment will not be left running unnecessarily to reduce

gaseous and exhaust emissions from diesel engines;

Using paved routes to access the site wherever possible;

Appropriate maintenance, engine tuning and servicing of construction equipment to

minimize exhaust emissions; and

Minimize unnecessary journeys and switching off machinery and equipment when not in

use.

7.1.3 Mitigation Measures for the Impacts of Water bodies/Wastewater generation

In case groundwater occurs in the construction site, all the necessary permits from the

local sewage or irrigation authority for dewatering should be obtained and the drainage of

dewatering water should be pre-planned

16 Sufficient sheets should accompany work groups during the construction phase.

7 Mitigation Measures

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If the groundwater is contaminated or contains hydrocarbons that could be observed or

smelled, it should be collected in separate barrels and transported to a specialized

wastewater treatment facility

All liquid waste generated such as chemicals and sewage should be collected in suitable

tanks to prevent their drainage over land.

The water resulting from the hydrostatic test of the pipeline is collected in onsite tanks and

then is transported directly to the nearest waste water treatment plant after coordinating

with the wastewater company and MWRI in order to reduce the impacts on the aquatic

environment.

7.1.4 Noise Construction activities will cause increase in the ambient noise levels resulting from the vehicles

and machines used for excavation and construction purposes. However, this impact is temporary

and will be diminished by the end of the construction phase. The following mitigation measures

will applied to reduce the noise impact during the construction phase:

Noise exposure periods should be minimized for workers so as not to exceed the

safe limits mentioned in the environmental laws in addition to the occupational

health and safety standards. .

Workers operating in areas or activities of high noise level intensities should be

supplied with earmuffs

Contractors should train all the workers before the commencement of

construction activities about this hazard and how to avoid it.

If the construction is done in a populated area, construction activities must be

minimized during night so as not to disturb the surroundings

Avoid construction activities during peak hours of heavy traffic whenever possible;

especially when the project site is in proximity of a sensitive receptor.

Restrictions on lorry movements to prevent noise nuisance in the early

morning/late evening

All machine and vehicles should be shut-off when not used.

7.1.5 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Construction waste generation (Hazardous and nonhazardous Waste)

The construction waste generated has to be disposed in safe locations assigned by the

contractor and the local authorities before starting the construction phase. The contractor

will coordinate with the local authorities before the commencement of construction

activities the exact landfill to be used.

A temporary storage location near the pipeline in the construction process has to be

assigned. These storage areas should be far away from the traffic congested areas and the

stockpiling isn’t allowed on drainages of waterways.

Waste collection should occur daily and it should be transported to the approved and safe

disposal locations via adequately equipped trucks. The supervisor has to make sure that

this process occurs without any hazards or problems.

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Excavated soil will be reused in the backfilling of the pipeline. The excess excavated soil

volumes will be sent to the construction wastes landfill.

The existing solid waste management procedures of GASCO will be adopted. The existing

management system includes sections on waste reduction, material reuse and recycling,

waste segregation with the objective of minimizing the quantity of waste that requires

offsite disposal.

The contractor will obtain official permits from the local authorities for the disposal of

wastes (construction wastes landfills, hazardous wastes landfills,…etc) prior to the

commencement of construction activities.

Wastes will be segregated and safely temporarily stored in the allocated areas for waste

storage on the premises of the construction site in a way that doesn’t cause further traffic

disruption.

Wastes will be covered to avoid the pollution of the ambient air by dust dispersion.

Adequate trucks will be used for wastes transportation and the trucks will not be

overloaded with wastes volumes.

Consignments for waste disposal will be recorded.

It is prohibited to stockpile or store wastes on the drainages of waterways.

Non-Hazardous Waste Generation

The non-hazardous wastes (paper, garbage, wood, plastics,…) will be segregated and

transported to the local disposal sites by the mean of the approved contractor

The non-hazardous wastes will be transported off-site for recycling or final disposal by a

licensed contractor and GASCO will supervise the disposal procedure and the conditions

of the trucks.

Hazardous Waste Generation

The asphalt waste resulting at the end of the construction phase will be disposed with

the construction waste, since asphalt recycling is not a common practice in Egypt.

Activities that involve fueling, lubricating or adding chemicals will not take place on-

site unless it is necessary to avoid soil pollution and generation of additional hazardous

wastes. If such actions will necessarily take place on-site, they will be conducted over

impervious surfaces and a spill kit will be made available on-site.

Containers of used chemicals and oil will be collected and disposed in an approved

hazardous wastes facility in coordination with the local authorities.

The hazardous liquid waste will be collected in specific drums and transferred to

authorized petroleum companies (Misr Petroleum & Petrotrade companies) to be

recycled ( refer to annex 7 Waste management procedures)

Hazardous waste will be transported by an authorized company for disposal in Al

Nasreya landfill.

According to Article 33 of Law 4/1994, the contractor is required to keep up records

and manifests in a register for the methods of waste disposal and the agencies

contracted to receive such wastes.

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7.1.6 Mitigation Measures for the Ecological (Fauna and Flora) Impacts

Vegetation clearance should be limited as much as possible

The establishment of 20m wide construction corridor to minimize the impacts on

vegetation and disturbance of wildlife/domestic life along the route of the proposed

pipeline.

The movement of vehicles should be managed to ensure minimal loss of vegetation during

the construction phase.

Restoring the dug trench-line to its original condition will help mitigate the adverse impact

on habitat utilization and distribution of the fauna, and will allow plant species to continue

growing.

7.1.7 Mitigation of Traffic Disruptions

- Informational signs should be posted at the construction zones before the commencement

of any construction activities to inform drivers and ensure the safety of the roads;

- According to the Egyptian Road Code of Practice (Ministry of Housing, 1998), markings,

in the form of lane lines and directional arrows, will be posted to direct drivers to the

proper lane changes and turnings during the construction phase;

- The contractors and the site supervisor should choose a location for temporary storage of

construction materials, equipment, tools, wastes and machinery before construction so as

not to cause further traffic disruptions due to routes blockages. In case lateral excavations

will take place, alternative routes should be decided upon and facilitated for the use of

drivers. The time of using such alternative roads should be minimized;

- Pedestrian crossings can be provided if necessary;

- Construction work should be avoided at the traffic peak times whenever possible;

- Upon using the open-cut method in agricultural lands, alternative roads should be

developed to facilitate the entrance to the farms and an agreement should be held with the

owner of these farms beforehand; and

- Uncontrolled off road driving will be prohibited.

7.1.8 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents GASCO holds the responsibility to implement all the plausible precautions to safeguard the

pipeline construction process and protect the surroundings. An emergency preparedness

response plan, which is already prepared by GASCO, will be in place to give instructions about

the identification of the potential occurrence of accidents and emergency situations that may

occur during the pipeline construction and how to respond to them to reduce the risks and

impacts that may be associated with these emergency situations.

7.1.9 Community health and safety In addition to all the environmental and social management and monitoring measures in this

section which aim for health and safety, awareness-raising actions and signs should be provided to

workers and community members to promote safety and health while safety supervisors hired by

the implementing company to oversee work sites and will be largely responsible for children and

their safety around the construction site; in the case of the excavation works near a school.

Trenching activities can cause impacts on safety of the local community or the workers, in case

the contractor does not comply with the safety requirements. It is important to include necessary

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safety measures that the contractor should apply in the contracts and these measures to be

monitored as part of the monitoring activities. The contractor have the obligation to protect public.

Moreover, the existence of grievance system is important to ensure that complaints are properly

handled immediately and to ensure that information is shared transparently and that they are

accountable to the hosting communities. A functioning Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM) is

presented in detailed in section 9.

7.1.10 Occupational Health and Safety

Ensure the adequate implementation of occupational health and safety provisions on-site

such as providing the personal protective equipment (PPE) to the workers.

The site should be provided by all the protective and safety requirements stipulated by

labor laws and occupational health.

7.1.11 Damage to Existing Infrastructure

There is a high risk of damaging the infrastructure lines that have been established a long time ago

without having a proper and accurate mapping or documentation that shows the depths and the

routes of these lines (ex. Water, sewage and telecommunication lines...etc). The following

mitigation measures will be applied to the proposed project:

The contractor will gather the most accurate area maps for infrastructure routes before

commencing excavation.

The contractor will perform exploratory excavations manually in the area of the project in

order to avoid any damage to the existing infrastructure.

If a line break occurs, the site manager has to quickly notify the nearest police department

and the correspondent authority (according to the type of broken pipe). The authority shall

repair the damaged line as soon as possible and the contractor will pay the repairing costs.

In case an infrastructure line is damaged, a documentation report for infrastructure pipe

damage shall be prepared for the any accident, containing the following aspects:

Time and location of accident

Name of contractor/subcontractor causing the accident.

Type of damaged infrastructure line

Description of accident circumstances and causes in addition to the

extension of damage.

Actions taken and responses of different parties, such as correspondent authority

Duration of fixing the damage

7.1.12 Temporary land acquisition The following measures are proposed to manage the impacts related to temporary land acquisition:

Fair compensation price: The main reference of the crop prices applied to all PAPs is the prices

indicated by the relevant agricultural directorate at the concerned governorate. Previous experience

shows satisfaction with the crop prices offered by GASCO.

Sensitivity to the local community needs: GASCO staff and local farmers with previous experience for

similar projects implemented by GASCO revealed that a socially sensitive approach is usually

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adapted by the company when it comes to the actual execution of the project. An instance on that

is the flexibility that both GASCO and the contractor show with farmers during the actual

execution of the project. Although GASCO does have a decree for temporary acquisition of lands

which is issued prior to the implementation of the project, the contractor in several cases allow

additional days for the farmers in order for them to harvest their crops.

Transparency in the valuation process of crop compensation: Transparency in the process of the damaged

crops valuation is crucial as a proactive mechanism to eliminate any opportunities for disputes.

This is elaborated in more details on the RAP study. The valuation of the damaged crops and

ensuring satisfaction with the compensation are key issues that should be considered during

planning for the project. It following, however, should be noted:

The Egyptian Government has a very efficient and fair system for crop compensation that

goes in line with the World Bank Safeguard Policy.

GASCO also has a clear valuation system that was primarily based on the Ministerial

Decree 347/2007 that declared the necessity of valuing the vegetation is the responsibility

of each governorate and the previous experience of GASCO revealed that the majority of

farmers who were compensated believe that they were offered fair compensations.

Awareness raising activities among community members: awareness raising is necessary to mainstream the local community’s expectations towards the project and ensure the smooth acceptance of the project activities. Local civil society organizations and SDO can develop awareness raising activities to engage the local community during the procedures of temporary land acquisition.

Ensure an efficient grievance mechanism is put in place: Establishing a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is one of the most fundamental procedures that warrantee smooth and amicable implementation for the project activities. The grievance mechanism is discussed in section 9.

7.1.13 Permanent land acquisition (valve rooms) Selection of plots: selection of the location of land plots to be purchased for the valve rooms should be conducted in consultation with the local community. GASCO should select different plots according to technical criteria. Different plots should be considered with land owners who are willing to sell their land voluntarily. It is important to ensure that no one seller will be forced to sell their land and that there are other alternative plots in case the owner is not willing to sell. Land valuation process: should be based on realistic market prices, after consulting with different actors at the local level. It is also important to ensure fair negotiation process for sellers. It is important to involve community leaders to ensure that sellers are offered fair prices. Documentation of the negotiation process: It is important for the GASCO compensation committee and SDO to keep all relevant documents for selection of the plots, the process of determining the fair value of land according to the market as well as the negotiation process with the seller. Ensure an efficient grievance mechanism is put in place: Establishing a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is one of the most fundamental procedures that warrantee smooth and amicable implementation for the project activities. The grievance mechanism is discussed in section 9.

7.1.14 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Land Use The construction activities will affect the agricultural areas in the pipeline route passing through

and may force the farmer to lose the income of the whole grossing season. Therefore, a fair

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compensation should be given to these farmers in addition to restoring the land to its original

condition at the end of the construction phase to reduce the impacts on the natural habitats.

In addition, hazardous liquids( examples, lube oil and spills from cleaner cans,spills from used

paint brushes, oil and fuel filters) have to be handled carefully in order to avoid the spilling or leaks

so as to avoid the chances of soil contamination. (refer to Waste management procedure’’ annex

7)

7.1.15 Temporary land use of workers camps

Conduct awareness and outreach activities during the construction activities about the grievance mechanism and about community health and safety measures. So that the local community are aware of the mechanism to submit their grievances with regards these issues. Ensure contractor attends to the health and safety of their workers, maintain and cleanup campsites and to ensure the utmost preservation of land use environment and deliver the site after work completion in a condition that is similar or better than pre-project condition. Fencing the construction area, to reduce disturbance to nearby population, Signage and Markings: provision of informational and directional signs posted prior to the construction. Announcements using local broadcasts to inform local community of health and safety measures to avoid accidents.

Pedestrian crossings can be also provided at proper locations.

Ensure equipment used on site will not be moved during the day to avoid more traffic disruption

Develop a communication strategy to raise awareness of the community members on health and safety measures.

7.1.16 Child labor

The ToR to be prepared for both contractor and subcontractors will prohibit any kind of

child labor in the project

Rigid obligations and penalties will be added to the contractor/subcontractors’ ToR in

order to warrantee no child labor is occurred in the project

The ToR also will oblige the contractor/subcontractor to keep a copy of IDs of laborers

in order to monitor the hired staff below 18 years old

The contractor/subcontractor also will be obliged to maintain daily attendance sheets in order

to verify the attendance of workers not include staff below 18 years old.

7.1.17 Mitigation of Street Restoration Over the years of implementing natural gas connection projects across Egypt, protocols to deal

with national and local administrative requirements have been institutionalized between companies

of the Natural Gas sector and the various government/administration entities. Such protocols

comply with national legislation and administrative procedures and have become familiar and

standard. The main features of the protocols for street restoration are:

Close and early coordination between the implementing company (and the excavation

contractor, if applicable), the local unit, and any other relevant authorities (in the case of

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public roads, the Roads and Bridges Directorate may become the counterpart to the

implementing company)

Agreement on the restoration arrangements, schedules, fees, and payment schedules

Coordination with the General Utilities before starting work especially the Traffic

Department, sewerage, water, telephones and electricity departments.

Payment of restoration fees by the implementing company before works commencement

Documentation of the agreement and adoption by all involved parties

Communication with the Public and relevant authorities (such as the security and the traffic

departments) regarding excavation and restoration plans

7.2 Mitigation Measures for Impacts during Operation Phase

7.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents

GASCO holds the responsibility to implement all the plausible precautions to safeguard

the pipeline during its operation and protect the surroundings. A full description of the

technical design measures used to mitigate the risk of any operational failures is provided

in the QRA report prepared by GASCO.

Regarding the possibility of the release of significant amount of natural gas during the

pipeline operation, regular inspection and preventive maintenance activities will be

conducted by GASCO to check the pipeline connection and the welding efficiency. The

inspection will additionally include checking any construction activities in the vicinity of

the pipeline to prevent any failure that may lead to breakage or threaten the safe operation

of the pipeline.

The pipeline is monitored by centralized SCADA systems monitored by GASCO to

observe the operating parameters of the pipelines. If any failure occurred such as

corrosions or leaks, valves supplying the pipeline will be shut down and the maintenance

team will implement the appropriate maintenance actions. In addition to that, signs with a

number for emergency will be placed on the pipeline route to be used in case of any

emergency. Also, signs indicating the presence of the high pressure pipeline underneath

will be posted.

Advanced fire and gas detection systems as well as shutdown and isolation systems will be

installed all over the pipeline.

Pipeline patrolling will be conducted to ensure there are no encroachments on the pipeline,

and the frequency of patrolling will vary according to area class as follows:

Table 7-1 - Pipelines Class and Patrolling Frequency

Pipeline Location Vehicular Walking

Location Class 1 6 months No survey

Location Class 2 1 month vehicular accessible areas in

canal and river crossings

6 months Arable land,

AGIs, valve rooms,

crossings, sleeves

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Pipeline Location Vehicular Walking

Location Class 3 2 weeks survey all areas

Location Class 4 2 weeks survey all areas

All necessary permits will be obtained from landowners, farmers, railways, etc. prior to

starting work. The patrol will ensure that he holds a valid identity card or letter of

authorization.

Leakage surveying will be conducted to protect the surrounding population and workers

against the effects of gas leakage from the pipeline in case any damage to the pipeline is

detected. The survey will be conducted in areas where the pipeline runs close to buildings

and workers.

7.2.2 Community health and safety An emergency preparedness response plan, which is already prepared by GASCO, will be in place

to give instructions about the identification of the potential occurrence of accidents and emergency

situations that may occur during the pipeline operation and how to respond to them to reduce the

risks and impacts that may be associated with these emergency situations. Workers will be provided

with adequate emergency preparedness and response training and simulations.

The Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedures include the following aspects:

Overview of emergency management

Emergencies classes brief description

Key personnel responsibilities

Typical site emergency procedure

Emergency communication plan

GASCO HSE General Manager coordinates with all GASCO sites to review and update the

emergency plan at least once a year, and all GASCO sites are provided with sufficient and suitable

tools and capabilities needed for emergency situations. These facilities may be some or all of the

following:

Fire-fighting equipment

Fire-fighting systems & automatic safety control systems

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

The emergency response plan includes also a hotline for the local community to report any emergencies. The number is “149” and it is advertised along the signs added to locate the pipeline.

Moreover, in planning the emergency preparedness response, GASCO takes into account the needs of relevant interested parties, e.g. emergency services and neighbors; where arrangements with the neighboring communities are agreed and considered to integrate them in emergency preparedness plan to overcome any possible accidents. Trial emergency experiments also take

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place periodically according to contingency plan requirements; involving relevant interested parties as appropriate. The full details of the HSE plan during the operation are attached in Annex 4.

Moreover, the existence of grievance system is important to ensure that complaints are properly handled immediately and to ensure that information is shared transparently and that they are accountable to the hosting communities. A functioning Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM) is presented in detailed in section 9.

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8.1 Objectives of the ESM&MP

The objective of the Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP), is to

outline actions for minimizing or eliminating potential negative impacts and for monitoring the

application and performance of mitigation measures. The ESMMP identifies roles and

responsibilities for different stakeholders for implementation and monitoring of mitigations. This

section also presents an assessment of the institutional capacity for implementing the ESMMP.

Wherever applicable, the ESMMP is designed to accommodate alternative context-specific

mitigations and monitoring measures.

8.2 Institutional Framework for Implementation

The project shall be implemented by the Egyptian Natural Gas Company (GASCO), an affiliate of the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS), which owns a majority share.

The following project management chart (Figure 8-1–Site Project Management Structure in GASCO), of GASCO indicates the responsibility of each relevant employee in the project’s implementation.

Figure 8-1–Site Project Management Structure in GASCO

The Environmental Policy of GASCO mentions that the company and its affiliates are committed to:

Comply with legislation relevant to their nature of activity

Provide training and awareness for their staff in order to carry out their work safely

Achieve continual improvement in the fields of safety, health and environment

Investigate and analyze incidents to prevent its recurrence

Project Manager

Tasks InspectionFinancial and

Administrative Affairs

Site Manager

Safety, Environment and

HealthSurvey Work Civil Work Mechanical Work

Engineering Work Inspection

Electrical Work and Devices

Governmental Relations

Cathodic Protection

8 Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP)

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Follow-up companies and contractors compliance and implementation of health, safety and environment rules, regulations and provisions

Provide necessary information and data on health, safety and environment

Ensure execution of the policy through setting objectives, targets and an action plan. The policy shall be reviewed whenever needed

Staff members of GASCO carry out audits and, to make environment management system (EMS) is being implemented according to set objectives and targets. As part of the EMS procedures, GASCO presents monthly and quarterly reports about its environmental performance. GASCO reviews these reports, and makes occasional site inspections to compare these reports with field conditions.

8.2.1 Environmental Management Structure of Implementing Agency GASCO is certified by ISO: 14001 and OHSAS: 18001, and has direct involvement in the environmental management and monitoring of the natural gas pipeline. One of the standard tasks of the HSE Department of GASCO, which is followed up by EGAS, is establishing Environmental Registers for facilities, and frequent auditing of this register. The Environmental Register is audited by the Environmental Department head of GASCO. The HSE Department performs audits twice annually on the average, in addition to infrequent and emergency inspections. The routine monitoring activities performed include:

Visual inspection of solid waste and scrap, and disposal methods;

Visual inspection of existence of liquid waste such as leaked condensate hydrocarbons or chemicals used in the heaters;

Checking that handling of hazardous waste is according to the approved procedures, which are described below;

Use gas analyzers to measure SO2, CO, CH4 and O2 in ambient air, and detect possible leaks; and

Noise measurements.

GASCO HSE personnel have received training on environmental auditing, environmental impact assessments for industrial establishments, and environmental legislation.

The Environmental Department of GASCO has been less involved on design, planning, tendering and construction procedures of natural gas connection projects. Their role has been more effective in the operational phase according to the described procedures above. However, the Safety Department in GASCO usually reviews designs, and assigns full time staff member to supervise the construction contractor, making sure that adequate safety measures are considered during design and implemented during construction.

The current positions and person-power of the HSE Department of GASCO is shown in Figure 8-2. These positions are divided over three sectors of the HSE Department, namely Environmental Protection, Safety and Fire Fighting, and Technical Consultancy and Inspection. Furthermore, representatives from each sector are present at the Site HSE department, as well as the HSE headquarters. The organizational structure is shown in Figure 8-2

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Figure 8-2- OHSE Department positions and person-power

The ESMP will suggest mitigation and monitoring responsibilities for the contractor and GASCO’s HSE Department. The assignment of these responsibilities among the various sectors of the department is the decision of GASCO HSE Management.

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Figure 8-3 - GASCO OHSE organizational chart

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8.2.2 Social Management Structure of Implementing Agency

The main impacts that should be carefully mitigated and addressed are the impacts related to temporary and permanent land acquisition and the accompanying process of crops valuation and paying compensation. Currently, this process is done by GASCO through the Compensation Department, which participated in the formation of a Compensation Committee for the project.

Social Development Officer with relevant background (e.g. a background in social development or social science will be appointed from GASCO to work on full time basis during the project construction to ensure the social management plan is sufficiently addressed. It is required that the "Social Officer" be aware of the World Bank safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement and the associated procedures. Training courses on participatory approaches and the aspects of OP 4.12 might be needed in order to build his/her capacity to efficiently follow up the implementation of the social management plan. The Social Development Officer will be working closely with the Consultant who

will be preparing the RAP.

Social Development Officer Responsibilities

Ensuring that the proposed social management plan is sufficiently considered and applied;

Develop detailed list of the local stakeholders and the NGOs representatives and maintain

communication channels with them and ensure that they are engaged and consulted;

Develop all the required techniques and formats to monitor the implantation of the social

management plan;

Report to the WB on the progress related to the ESMP and the safeguard policies including

the fair compensation to PAPs;

Assure transparent and timely sharing of information

Review PAPs grievance and conduct regular feedbacks and meetings as a proactive and early

measure to eliminate disputes;

Follow up the progress to respond to the concerns of PAPs; and

Work closely with local NGOs and other stakeholders to raise the awareness of local

communities on the safety of line and other related issues.

Social management plan

This social management plan involves a monitoring process that will be the main responsibility of the

Social Development Officer. The monitoring of the compensation process and the adherence to the

safeguard policy OP 4.12 necessitates the development of some forms/templates in order to be able

to process the management and monitoring system appropriately. This includes a Registration Form

for affected plots, containing specific information to identify the owner and the approximate value of

the crops. Also, a grievance form should be used to record any complaints and ensure that action will

be taken. Draft model for these forms are provided in Annex 5. It should be noted that these forms

should be updated by the Social Development Officer based on the actual needs.

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The results of the monitoring and management system should be reported quarterly to the

Headquarter of GASCO. The monitoring and management will be implemented by the branches of

GASCO in each governorate under the supervision of the Social Development Officer.

In addition to appointing the Social Development Officer other local-based mechanisms are also

suggested, mainly the establishment Compensation Committee with main objective of working as a

safeguard mechanism to ensure that the interests of the poor and most vulnerable are protected and

to ensure that the valuation and compensation process is as transparent as possible.

Compensation Committee

The main roles and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee are as follows:

Supervise the inventory survey for the project affected persons (PAPs);

Valuate the affected assets;

Estimate the amount of compensations to PAPs based on the collected information (Egyptian

legislations and the World Bank safeguard policy OP 4.12) ;

Prepare and disseminate lists of PAPs;

Obtaining approvals from GASCO on the planned compensation ;

Apply proactive mechanism for grievance redress including transparent sharing of

information, carrying out consultative activities with the local communities and ensuring

involvement of local leaders in resolving disputes; and

Ensure that grievances are addressed.

Normally, this Committee (currently is formed under GASCO projects) is composed of a manager,

an accountant and a lawyer. The committee will be composed of the following members:

A representative from the GASCO (namely the Social Development Officer and the staff of

the Compensation Department including the lawyer,

A representative from the contractor

A representative from the Agriculture Association

In cases of escalation of disputes, a Supreme Compensation Committee with the responsibly of

settling disputes could involve the same composition above headed by counselor from the Supreme

Court. It should be stressed here that all possible mitigation actions and procedures should be

considered in order to prevent the in necessity of involving the Supreme Committee.

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8.3 Management and Monitoring Activities during the Construction Phase

8.3.1 Management of Air Quality

Management of Dust Emissions

Monitoring dust emissions will take place by monitoring activities that generate dust such as (excavation, preparation of site, vehicles and equipment movement..); ensuring that measures for minimizing dust emissions are applied properly while performing such activities.

Management of Gaseous Emissions

Monitoring of air emissions will be done by the periodic inspection of vehicle maintenance schedules, and black smoke produced from any machinery should be observed on-site.

8.3.2 Management of Water Use/Wastewater Generation

Monitoring if any oily appearance or smell is observed on-site. This could indicate whether to classify this water as hazardous waste or not, and determine whether it should be sent to an appropriate treatment plant. Coordination with MWRI is necessary regarding the water generated from the hydrostatic testing.

Reviewing the hazardous wastes register to track the quantities and types of generated chemicals and oils wastes on-site and assure that the collection and handling of such substances is done by an authorized contractor.

8.3.3 Management of Noise Monitoring of noise impacts can be done by periodic observation of the extent of implementation of

the mitigation measures mentioned above in section 7.1.4.

8.3.4 Management of the Ecological System

Monitoring of proper implementation of the mitigation measures mentioned in section 7.1.6 to

ensure minimum effect on the vegetation and wildlife in the area of the project.

Pipeline route has to be revisited after construction to ensure that the ecological system is not

affected and that impacts on vegetation and disturbance of wildlife/domestic life along the route

of the proposed pipeline are minimized.

8.3.5 Management of Land Use 1. Recording any spills or leakages incidents and periodically analyzing these data.

2. Surveying of structural status of buildings and performing soil investigations shall be

undertaken under the supervision of a structural consultancy firm if necessary.

3. The pipeline route should be revisited and investigated at the end of the construction phase

to ensure that the land has been restored to its original conditions before the project and to

ensure that the pipeline does not affect agricultural production. These observations can be

performed as part of the pipeline patrolling and leakage surveying, described in Section3.5.1

8.3.6 Management of Traffic Congestion Implementation of all mitigation measures mentioned in section 7in coordination with Traffic

Departments of the appropriate governorate shall be monitored.

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8.3.7 Management of Hazards and Accidents An emergency preparedness response plan, which is already prepared by GASCO, will be in place to give instructions about the identification of the potential occurrence of accidents and emergencies that may occur during the pipeline construction and how to respond to them to reduce the risks and impacts that may be associated with these emergencies.

8.3.8 Management of Solid, Construction and Hazardous Waste Generation

Solid and Construction Waste Generation

To monitor solid and construction waste management practices, observation of solid and construction waste stockpiles should take place to ensure the frequency of their removal from the site. Site observations will also take place to ensure that solid and construction wastes stockpiles do not contain hazardous components and monitor the frequency of their removal from the site.

Hazardous Waste Generation

To monitor hazardous waste management practices, observation of hazardous waste stockpiles should take place to ensure the frequency of their removal from the site.

8.3.9 Management of Community Health and Safety Information should be provided to people in order to be fully aware about safety procedures in addition to the Emergency Numbers. The hotline should be operating appropriately

8.3.10 Management for Occupational Health and Safety Management of Occupational health and safety can be monitored by on-site observations and also by

assuring that all health and safety measures mentioned in section 7.1.10 are applied adequately on-site

during the construction phase.

8.3.11 Management of Possible Risk on Damaging the Existing Infrastructure Such risk can be monitored by documenting and analyzing reasons that led to the existence of such

type of accidents and updating procedures to prevent their reoccurrence in the future.

8.3.12 Management of Child Labor Lists of attendees should be filled in on daily basis with workers IDs.

8.3.13 Management of Street Restoration As mentioned in the impacts section of the study, restoration and re-pavement of streets post-

construction and excavation is one of the impacts, which are highly perceived by the public. The

implementing entity agrees a restoration fee with the local administration unit in charge of the area.

The fee is used by the local unit to include the restoration in their re-pavement plans. In some cases,

the restoration and re-pavement job is carried out by the Roads and bridges directorate who, in turn,

schedule the re-pavements in their own plans. A key to minimize public discontentment and

socioeconomic impacts of excavated streets is quick restoration and effective communication with

regarding work and restoration schedules.

8.4 Management and Monitoring Activities during the Operation Phase

This section describes the monitoring activities that will be undertaken during the operation phase of

the project.

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8.4.1 Management of Hazards and Accidents To prevent, as much as reasonably practicable, the hazards that could be expected from the operation

of the natural gas pipeline on the surrounding communities and environment, GASCO will implement

all the necessary precautions to safeguard the pipelines operation. GASCO will be responsible for

monitoring the entire length of the pipeline outside the power stations, and as for the components

inside the power station; it will be the responsibility of the electricity authority to monitor these

components. In general the monitoring of the pipeline will be done through the following actions.

Pipeline Patrolling

Patrolling the pipeline is done by GASCO on regular intervals, according to the pipeline location class

as explained in section7.2.1, to ensure that no activities or actions undertaken in the area can cause

damage to the pipeline. The patrolling is done using either a vehicle or walking over the line over a

duration ranging from 2 weeks to 6 months according to the defined line class.

The patrol will be responsible to observe and report any findings to the Sector Office on a daily basis,

if any pipeline is at risk, the notification should be carried out as soon as possible. In case of risk, the

patrol will obtain an authorization letter from GASCO to directly stop the work or action being carried

out immediately. A report will be written by the patrol on a daily basis to record the day’s proceedings.

Leakage Survey

Survey for leakages from the pipeline will be done through several monitoring activities, one being

onsite leakage survey duty which has a certain frequency set by a qualified engineer with suitable

experience in the field of corrosion control for buried ferrous pipes, according to the ASME B31.8.

The survey duty frequency will be determined in advance and reviewed annually, and in case it

coincides with the patrolling duties, it can be done simultaneously, but reported in different sheets.

An additional measure will be monitoring the pipeline operation pressure, which will be monitored

through the centralized SCADA system operated by GASCO personnel. This monitoring system will

indicate any significant pressure drop in the pipeline in case of leakages.

Inspection on the status of the cathodic protection should also be conducted on defined intervals,

according to the practical experience of the engineering department, in each area to avoid any failure

in the pipeline due to corrosion. An inspection and maintenance report will be prepared by the

inspection team to report the observations and actions taken during the work performed.

Also, the patrolling and leakage survey teams should receive training about the proper method to carry

out their tasks.

Emergency Response

In case of emergencies, the proper action will be taken according to GASCO’s Emergency Response

Procedure. The procedure includes the key personnel responsibilities and communication methods,

as well as the emergency classes. Reports will be prepared after the necessary actions are taken to

165


document the cause of the emergency and the remedial actions taken. An emergency response plan

done by GASCO is available for the operation phase and could be found in annex 4.

8.5 Mitigation Activities Table

The tables below include the proposed mitigation measures for each impact, the implementation direct

responsibility and the supervision responsibility, in addition to the proposed monitoring activities and

methods, frequency and location of monitoring during the construction and operation phases.

166


Table 8-1 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during construction and operation phases

Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

Construction

Air Gaseous Emissions

1. Implementation of regular

maintenance schedule for machinery

2. Ensuring that vehicles and

equipment will not be left running

unnecessarily to reduce gaseous and

exhaust emissions from diesel engines

Dust Emissions

Water spraying before excavation,

filling, loading and unloading

Spraying of stockpiles, the storage area

will be covered

Using paved routes to access the site

wherever possible.

Sheeting of Lorries transporting friable

construction materials

Ensuring transportation of

construction waste by a licensed

contractor

Minimizing drop heights for material

transfer activities such as unloading of

friable materials

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

General

Implementation/s

upervision cost

167


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

Excavated bypass dust will be treated as

hazardous waste.

Water

bodies/Wastewater

generation

• Liquid waste generated such as

chemicals and drains should be

collected in suitable tanks

• The water resulting from the

hydrostatic test of the pipeline is

collected in tanks onsite and then is

transported directly to the nearest

waste water treatment plant after

coordinating with the wastewater

company and MWRI in order to

reduce the impacts on the aquatic

environment.

• Prior coordination with the Ministry

of Water Resources and Irrigation

(MWRI) is necessary.

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCOHSE site

supervisor

General

Implement

ation/

supervisio

n cost

Sampling cost:

6500 EGP/

sample

Noise

• Minimize the time of exposure of

workers to noise( refer to table 2-15)

• Ensuring the use of ear plugs in the

field

• Training all the workers before the

commencement of construction

activities about this hazard and how to

avoid it

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

General

Implementation/

supervision cost

168


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

• Construction activities will be

minimized during night so as not to

disturb the surroundings

• All machines and vehicles should be

shut-off when not used

Ecology

(Flora and Fauna)

• Vegetation clearance should be limited

as much as possible

• Establishment of 20m wide

construction corridor

• Movement of vehicles should be

managed to ensure minimal loss of

vegetation

• Restoring the dug trench-line to its

original condition

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

General

Implementation/

supervision cost

Land Use

Restoring the land to its original

condition at the end of the

construction phase to reduce the

impacts on the natural habitats.

Hazardous liquids( examples, lube

oil and spills from cleaner cans,

spills from used paint brushes, oil

and fuel filters) have to be handled

carefully in order to avoid the

spilling or leaks to the ground

(refer to Waste management

procedure’’ annex 7)

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO Headquarters General

Implementation/

supervision cost

169


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

Traffic Congestion Using signs for drivers before the

commencement of any

construction activities to inform

drivers and ensure the safety of the

roads

Planning alternative routes when

roads are obstructed

Choosing a location for temporary

storage of construction materials,

equipment, tools, wastes and

machinery before construction so

as not to cause further traffic

disruptions

Avoiding construction work at the

traffic peak times whenever

possible

Prohibiting uncontrolled off road

driving

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

General

Implementation/

supervision cost


An emergency preparedness

response plan, which is already

prepared by GASCO, will be in

place to give instructions about

the identification of the potential

occurrence of accidents and

emergency situations that may

occur during the pipeline

construction and how to respond

GASCO HSE

department


management cost

(General

Implementation/

supervision cost)

170


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

to them to reduce the risks and

impacts that may be associated

with these emergency situations

Solid, Construction and

hazardous waste

generation

• Identification and use of approved

nearby disposal sites through local

authority

• On-site segregation of wastes

according to their types

• Designation and use of appropriate

stockpiling locations on site

• Covering waste stockpiles to avoid

ambient air pollution

• Daily hauling of waste to disposal site

in covered trucks

• Activities involving fueling, lubricating

or adding chemicals will not take place

on-site (unless it is necessary) to avoid

soil pollution and generation of

additional hazardous wastes

• Containers of used chemicals and oil

will be collected and disposed in an

approved hazardous wastes facility

• The hazardous liquid waste will be

collected in specific drums and

transferred by authorized companies (

refer to annex 7 Waste management

procedures)

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

Hazardous

Waste

Disposal:

3500

EGP/ton

+

transportat

ion cost

General

Implement

ation/supe

rvision

cost

171


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost


disposed as a hazardous waste in the

landfill, and will be transported

through an authorized company.

Community Health and

safety

Prepare stakeholder engagement plan

Awareness raising campaigns should be tailored in cooperation with the community-based organization

Using caution tapes that help to keep people away of the site,

Informing residents about the timeline of the project in order for the residents to know when to avoid certain streets

Install wooden bars or decks over trenches to allow safe crossing

GASCO

Environmental

department


management cost

(General

Implementation/

supervision cost)

Occupational Health and

Safety

Petrojet EHS plan for the project is

approved by GASCO prior to

construction includes the following:

Ensure the adequate implementation of

occupational health and safety

provisions on-site such as providing the

personal protective equipment (PPE)

to the workers.

The site should be provided by all the

protective and safety requirements

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCOHSE site

supervisor

4- Training

Cost: 6000

EGP/train

ing

program

5- General

Implement

ation/supe

rvision

cost

172


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

stipulated by labor laws and

occupational health.

Risk of damaging

existing infrastructure

• Consult maps before excavation work

• Use of trial pits

• Analysis of accidents logs

• If a line break occurs, the nearest police

department and the corresponding

authority shall be informed to repair the

damaged line

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO HSE site

supervisor

General

Implement

ation/

supervisio

n cost

Cost of

infrastructure

damage will vary

according to the

type of damage.

The cost will be

charged on the

contractor.

Temporary land

acquisition and crop

damage

RAP document prepared

Providing fair compensation to the land

owners for the loss of crops.

GASCO Compensation Committee

GASCO Social

Development

Officer

GASCO

Environmental

Department

Estimated amount for crop compensation will be according to the RAP study

Permanent land

acquisition for valve

rooms (willing buyer –

willing seller approach)

Ensuring Providing fair market value to

the land owners for purchasing the land

for the valve rooms

GASCO

Compensation

Committee

GASCO Social

Development Officer

GASCO will

purchase the land

under willing buyer

– willing seller

scheme

173


Potential



Mitigation

Responsibility of

direct supervision

Estimated Cost

Child Labor

This risk should be handled during the

project construction phase and restrict

obligations should be applied by the

contractor which are no child labor in the

project and a copy of IDs of laborers are

kept in order to monitor the hired staff

The implementation company should take

into account the Laws and Regulations

Related to Child Labor(articles 1, 59,

64) to eliminate the worst forms of child

labor

GASCO Social

Development

Officer

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmental

Department

Operation


( Refer to GASCO

emergency response

procedure annex 4)

Scheduled patrolling activities,

inspection and preventive

maintenance activities

Inspection will include any activities

that could potentially lead to damage

in the pipeline

In case of emergency, the source of

the leak will be isolated until the

maintenance team performs the

required maintenanceSigns will be

posted over the pipeline path

showing the numbers to be called in

case of emergency

HSE department at

GASCO (on-site

section)

HSE department at

GASCO (central unit

and administration)

GASCO

management cost

174


Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring during Construction and Operation phases

Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility

for

implementation


Duration


Cost

Construction

Air emissions Inspection of

vehicle and

machinery

maintenance

schedule

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Quarterly

Documentation

office

Review of

schedule

General

implementat

ion and

supervision

cost

Exhaust

emissions

concentrations

from diesel

generators

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Once before

construction

commencem

ent, then

quarterly for

each vehicle

Vehicle

maintenance

site

Sampling of

exhaust

emissions

Dust

Emissions

Inspection of the

construction

activities

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Daily Construction

site


implementat

ion and

supervision

cost

175


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility

for

implementation


Duration


Cost

Risk of

damaging

existing

infrastructure

Frequency and

location of

damage incidents

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Monthly Documentation

office

Documentation

in the monthly

HSE reports and

accidents logs

General

Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

Cost of

infrastructur

e damage

will vary

according to

the type of

damage.

The cost will

be charged

on the

contractor.

Solid,

Construction

and hazardous

waste

generation

Observation of accumulated waste piles

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Weekly

Construction

site


implementat

ion/

supervision

cost

Observation of water accumulations resulting from

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Daily Construction

site


Implementa

tion/

176


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility

for

implementation


Duration


Cost

dewatering (if encountered)

supervision

cost

Chain-of-custody and implementation of waste management plans

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Daily Construction

site

Recording of

daily

transportation

statistics and

records from the

waste disposal

sites

hazardous

waste

disposal/to

n

+transporta

tion cost

Noise

Sound intensity

levels and

exposure

durations

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Quarterly, at

least one

measurement

per

contractor/s

ub-

contractor

Construction

site

Noise recording,

reporting in

monthly reports

General

Implemen

tation/

supervisio

n cost

2. Sampling

Cost

Complaints from

neighboring

residents

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Weekly Construction

site

Assessment of

the filed

complaints

General

Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

177


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility

for

implementation


Duration


Cost

Use of earmuffs

by Construction

workers

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Weekly Construction

site


Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost Traffic

Congestion

Complaints from

neighboring/

affected

residents

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Weekly Construction

site

Assessment of

the filed

complaints

General

Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

Appropriate

implementation

of the

mitigations

measures agreed

upon with the

contractor

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Monthly Construction

site


Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

Ecology Minimizing the

impacts on

vegetation and

disturbance of

natural habitats

along the route

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Daily

Construction

site


Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

178


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility

for

implementation


Duration


Cost

of the proposed

pipelines

Restoring the

dug trench-line

to its original

condition at the

end of the

construction

phase

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

At the end of

the

construction

phase

Construction

site


Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

Water bodies/

Wastewater

generation

Oily appearance

or smell of

wastewater

streams

Samples to test

wastewater

which will be

discharged (pH

odour, TSS,

COD, BOD, Oil

& Grease…etc)

Petrojet , the

Contractor (via

third party)

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Continuous

during

construction

and

hydrostatic

testing

Construction

site

Site observation 3- Sam

pling cost

General

Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

179


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility

for

implementation


Duration


Cost

Wastewater

analysis after

hydrostatic

testing

Samples to test

wastewater

which will be

discharged (pH

odour, TSS,

COD, BOD, Oil

& Grease…etc)

Petrojet , the

Contractor (via

third party)

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Before

wastewater

discharge

Construction

site

Chemical

analysis

4- Sam

pling cost

General

Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

Soil/Land Use Recording any

spills or leakages

incidents and

periodically

analyzing these

data.

Petrojet, the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Upon

detection of

any spillage

or leakage

incidence

Construction

site


Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

Surveying of

structural status

of buildings and

performing soil

investigations

Petrojet , the

Contractor (via

third party)

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Yearly, if

necessary

Structural

consultancy

firm for the

affected site (if

any)

Structural

consultancy firm

General

Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

180


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility

for

implementation


Duration


Cost

The pipeline

route should be

revisited and

investigated at

the end of the

construction

phase to ensure

that the land has

been restored to

its original

conditions

before the

project

Petrojet , the

Contractor (via

third party)

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

After end of

construction

Construction

site

Site investigation General

Implementa

tion/

supervision

cost

Occupational

Health and

Safety

PPEs, first aid

kits, emergency

plans, fire-

fighting

equipment,

….etc.

Petrojet , the

Contractor

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer

Daily Construction

site

Observation General

Implement

ation/

supervision

cost

6- Trai

ning Cost

Temporary

land

acquisition

Complaints and

grievances from

PAPs about fair


GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer


Review list of

PAPs, meetings

with the PAPs,

General implementat

181


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility

for

implementation


Duration


Cost

and crop

damage

compensation

and procedures

Compensation

Committee

Documentation

offices

compensation

receipts,

grievances, and

follow up forms

ion/supervision cost

Permanent

land

acquisition for

valve rooms

(willing buyer

– willing seller

approach)

Complaints and

grievances from

PAPs about fair

compensation

and procedures


Compensation

Committee

GASCO

Environmen

tal Officer


Documentation

offices

Review list of

PAPs, contracts,

grievances, and

follow up forms

General

implementat

ion/supervi

sion cost

Operation

Hazards and

Accidents

Patrolling

reports for the

pipeline

GASCO

inspection

Department in

the pipeline’s

area

GASCO

inspection

Department

in the head

office

2 weeks, 1

month or 6

months

(According

to pipeline

Class Table )

Pipeline route Patrolling

schedule

GASCO

Managemen

t cost

Regular

inspection and

maintenance

GASCO

maintenance

Department in

the pipeline’s

area

GASCO

maintenance

Department

in the head

office

Quarterly

(According

to the

inspection

and

Pipeline route Inspection and

maintenance

time plan

GASCO

Managemen

t cost

182


Impact Monitoring

Indicators

Responsibility

for

implementation


Duration


Cost

maintenance

time plan)

Leakage survey

and pipeline

pressure

parameters

(through

SCADA system)

GASCO

inspection

department/

GASCO

operation

department in

the pipeline’s

area

GASCO

inspection

department/

GASCO

operation

department

in the head

office

2 weeks, 1

month or 6

months

(According

to the leakage

survey

schedule)/

continuous

monitoring

Pipeline route

and

documentation

office

Leakage Survey

Schedule/

operational log

GASCO

Managemen

t cost

183


Grievance Mechanism is important to ensure that complaints are properly handled immediately

and to ensure that information is shared transparently and that they are accountable to the hosting communities. A functioning Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM) is considered to be a good feedback mechanism from the project affected persons and one tool of the citizen engagement.

GASCO operates a comprehensive GRM procedure: Leaflets, posters and brochures are prepared and distributed to the beneficiaries, NGOs, local governmental units, mosques and churches. Thus, sufficient and appropriate information about the GRM will be shared with the communities prior to the construction phase.

Additionally, the World Bank’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS) provides an additional, accessible way for individuals and communities to complain directly to the World Bank if they believe that a World Bank-financed project had or is likely to have adverse effects on them or their community. The GRS enhances the World Bank’s responsiveness and accountability by ensuring that grievances are promptly reviewed and responded to, and problems and solutions are identified by working together. The GRS ensures that complaints are being promptly reviewed and addressed by the responsible units in the World Bank.

The objective of the Grievance Redress Service is to make the Bank more accessible for project-affected communities and to help ensure faster and better resolution of project-related complaints through the following link (http://www.worldbank.org/grs) and e-mail ([email protected]).

9.1 Institutional Responsibility for Grievances

The entity responsible for handling grievances will mainly be the Environmental Affair

Department within the implementing agency (GASCO). The Social Development Officer (SDO)

working within GASCO in cooperation with the contractor will address all grievances raised by

community members, particularly the ones related to resettlement activities. The main tasks related

to grievances of the SDO are:

o Raise awareness about channels and procedures of grievance redress mechanisms

o Collect the grievances received through different communication channels

o Document all received grievances

o Transfer the grievance to the responsible entity

o Follow up on how the problem was addressed and solved

o Document, report and disseminate the outcome of received grievances

o Ensure that each legitimate complaint and grievance is satisfactorily resolved by

the responsible entity

o Identify specific community leaders, organizations and citizen groups required to

enhance the dialogue and communication through a public liaison office to avoid

or limit friction and respond effectively to general concerns of the community

o Monitoring grievance redress activities.

9.2 Grievances Tires

The proposed mechanism is built on two tiers of grievances:

9 Grievance Mechanism (Environmental and Social Grievance Redress Mechanisms)

http://www.worldbank.org/grs

mailto:[email protected]

184


First tier of Grievances: Project Manager (on Site)

The Project Manager for each site / SDO is responsible to ensure that the GRM system is widely advertised and well explained on the local level. Moreover, s/he will follow up on the complaint until a resolution is reached. The turnaround time for the response/resolution should be 10 days and The SDO should inform the complainant of the outcome of the grievance.

It is worth noting that most of the previous experience of GASCO is suggesting that complaints are usually handled efficiently and resolved on the local level. In case the PAP is not satisfied with the resolution, the complainant shall submit the grievance to the second level of grievance.

Second tier of Grievances: On the level of GASCO headquarter (Mediation Committee)

If the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the decision of the first tier, he can raise the complaint to the Mediation Committee at GASCO headquarter. The Mediation committee should ensure a resolution is made within 15 days. The above mentioned tiers are consistent with the World Bank’s policy OP 4.12. Providing multi-levels of tiers will result in amicable implementation of the project. It is a function of the project, to provide aggrieved people with an avenue for amicable settlement without necessarily pursuing a court case. The absence of first tier mechanism denies project affected groups the direct channel for grievance and delays resolution of disputes against the interest of both the PAP and the project. 9.3 Grievance channels

Due to the diversity of the context in different Governorates and the socioeconomic characteristics of the beneficiaries, the communication channels to receive grievances were locally tailored to address all petitioners concerns and complaints. The following are the main channels through which grievances will be received:

Project Manager (on Site) acts as the main channel for receiving complaints. He is available

on the location. Most of the complaints raised to him/her are raised verbal. He should

document all received grievances in written form, giving each grievance a serial number.

Hotline: 149 is the hotline in GASCO

Community leaders and NGOs/CDAs are an appropriate channel, particularly, in rural

areas.

Regular meetings with community members including influential stakeholders

GASCO Website for literate persons who have access to the internet

GASCO Compensation Committee, Mediation Committee and Government Relations

Committee

9.4 Response to grievances

Response to grievance will be through the following channels

The same channel the complaint was submitted.

Response to grievances should be handled in timely manner (according the duration

indicated for each tier), thereby conveying a genuine interest in and understanding of the

worries put forward by the community.

185


GASCO should keep a record of complaints and results.

9.5 Monitoring of grievances

All grievance activities should be monitored in order to verify the process. The following indicators should guide the monitoring process:

• Number of received grievances per month (Channel, gender, age, basic economic status of the complainants should be included)

• Type of grievance received (according to the topic of the complaint)

• Number of grievances solved

• Level of satisfaction with grievance resolutions

• Documentation efficiency

• Dissemination activities done

• Efficiency of response to grievance provided ( efficiency in time and action taken)

A Grievance Monitoring Report should be developed on a quarterly basis in order to keep track of all grievances developed. The report should be developed by the SDO in the GASCO headquarter

All grievances received shall be documented in a grievance register. The following table represents the main contents of such form:

Box 1: Grievance form

Serial Number:

Markaz:

Date:

Gender of the aggrieved person

Age of the aggrieved person

Education of the person reporting a grievance

Topic of grievance

Actions to be taken (short term- long term)

The referral of grievance

Monitoring for grievance

Figure 9-1 Grievance Form

186


The public consultation chapter aims to highlight the key consultation and community engagement activities and their outcomes. In addition, the chapter outlines the key issues to be discussed when holding the consultation activities.

Throughout the various consultation and engagement activities, the work teams recorded the different reactions of the community and the governmental stakeholders towards the proposed project.

Public consultation activities have been implemented during the preparation of the site-specific studies. The public consultation activities scheduled are the following:

- Consultation activities were conducted in October and November 2018

- A public consultation session was conducted on 30th October 2018 in Beheira Governorate

- A public consultation session will be conducted on 27th November 2018 in Beheira Governorate

10.1 Legal Framework for Consultation

Consultation activities (i.e. scoping, interviews, focus group discussions, public hearings/consultations) with various stakeholders and community people in the host communities were held for the proposed NG pipeline connections project. These activities were conducted to be in compliance with:

WB policies relevant to disclosure and public consultation, namely, 1. World Bank Procedure (BP 17.50)

2. World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01)

Egyptian regulations relevant to public consultation 1. Law 4/1994 modified by Law 9/2009/2009 modified with ministerial decrees no.

1095/2011 and no. 710/2012

10.2 Consultation Objectives

Objectives of various consultation activities are summarized as follows:

Define potential project stakeholders and suggest their possible project roles;

Disseminate comprehensive information about the project to enable stakeholders to

identify their concerns, needs, and recommendations;

Listen to their comments, ideas and concerns and recording the same for follow up;

Document stakeholder feedback and enhance the ESIA accordingly;

Identify the most effective outreach channels that support continuous dialogue with the

community;

Avoid any misconceptions about the project and properly manage expectations;

Discuss potential resettlement plans and impacts of involuntary resettlement.

10 Stakeholder Engagement and Public Consultation

187


Key principles of effective engagement include:

Providing meaningful information in a format and language that is understandable

and tailored to the needs of the target stakeholder group(s);

Information should be shared in advance through consultation activities and

decision-making;

Information should be easily accessible for stakeholders to access it and that are

culturally appropriate;

Respect for local traditions, languages, timeframes, and decision-making processes;

Inclusiveness in representation of views, including ages, women and men,

vulnerable and/or minority groups;

Processes free of intimidation or coercion;

Clear mechanisms for responding to people’s concerns, suggestions, and

grievances.

10.3 Defining relevant stakeholders

According to IFC Guidance Note 1 (2012), a stakeholder is defined as “Persons, groups or communities external to the core operations of a project who may be affected by the project or have interest in it. This may include individuals, businesses, communities, local government authorities, local nongovernmental and other institutions, and other interested of affected parties”.

Therefore, the first step in the process of stakeholder engagement is stakeholder identification; that is, determining who the project stakeholders are and what they should be grouped under. Most importantly, identifying stakeholder representatives is key to carrying out consultations seamlessly. These representatives not only inform the project with their valuable information, but they also serve as a communication channel to disseminate information to large numbers of stakeholders and receive information from them.

Once stakeholders are identified, a primary analysis is applied to identify their respective level of engagement. The stakeholder analysis tool is used to group stakeholders according to their effect and support pertaining to the project.

The following table represents the stakeholders contacted and engaged during the consultation events:

Table 10-1: Main stakeholders identified for the project

Categories Stakeholder

groups Role/ Concern

Primary Stakeholders

Potential Affected Communities in

Beheira Governorate

1. Edko Markaz

Community leaders

They are the main stakeholders.

They have the experience and the knowledge and they have a strong impact on the local community especially at rural areas.

They will be responsible of communicating with the Project and their community people.

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Kafr El Dawar Markaz

Alexandria

Governorate

Ameriya District

The community people

Women

Young people

The elderly

They are the potential Project Affected Persons (PAPs), i.e. households and communities that will receive impacts (positive/negative) as a result of the project.

Farmers whose lands may be traversed by project components.

They have interests in the project as they might get a job opportunity

They will receive the impacts of the project. Additionally. given their vulnerable status they might be severely affected by positive or negative impacts

Governmental sector

Beheira and Alexandria Governorates

The main role of the governorate is supporting the project by providing the various permissions needed.

Local Governmental units (District authorities and village authorities)

Permissions for the lands needed for valve rooms should be prepared by the governorate and approved by the LGU.

Rehabilitation of roads, which is one of the major issues raised by the community, will be performed by the LGU.


They are responsible for providing the prices of the crops during the valuation process as well as provide data about the land’s owners and rent during the census survey.

Environmental sector

Ministry of Environment -Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)

It is responsible for reviewing and approving ESIAs as well as monitoring implementation of the Environmental Management Plan.

Environmental Office within the Governorates

It is responsible for monitoring the compliance to environmental requirements.

Project Owner GASCO

GASCO is the owner of the project as well as the main government authority concerned with supervising the project activities and implementation of the project.

It oversees activities of the Environmental and Social Management Plan

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Financial Institutes

The World Bank (WB) It is the financing and regulating entity.

Beneficiaries Western Desert Gas Complex

The main beneficiaries from the project that may be subject to some positive/negative impacts. They play a significant role in the project’s success and sustainability.

Other Governmental Entities

Health Local Units They provide the health services to the local units.

Information Centers on the governorate level

They provide NG companies with underground utilities and infrastructure maps.

Ministry of Defense Permitting the location of plant and the routes of the associated overhead transmission line

Ministry of Petroleum

It works through the subsidiary companies to secure energy and oil supply.

Secondary Stakeholders

Traders and Suppliers

Traders (small scale stores)

They provide workers with food and amenities.

Small contractors They may be affected because they are situated at the project’s adjacent areas.

Civil Society

NGOs (regional, local)

Specific union of NGOs

They support the local community by providing capacity building activities and finding alternative livelihood opportunities during construction.

They play an active role in any awareness-raising activities related to the project.

They are responsible of sharing information with the community.

They may provide support during the valuation and compensation process.

Media

Television

representatives

Newspaper

Websites editors

They disclose information about the project.

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The abovementioned stakeholders were consulted using various tools i.e. individual interviews, group meetings, and public consultation. They are the main participants of the public consultation conducted during (June and July 2018). However, some of them were interviewed at their place of work in order to enable them to spell out their concerns and worries freely.

10.4 Consultation Methodology and Activities

GASCO has conducted a preliminary public consultation session, as part of the process of

conducting the ESIA of Raven pipeline and in line with the national legislative and World Bank

requirements. This session was held prior to the preparing of the draft ESIA and RAP of the

current study. The session was held in Edko-Beheira Governorate on 30th October 2018. A second

Public consultation was held on 27th November 2018 in Kafr El Dawar-Beheira Governorate in

order to present the results of the study. The announcement was published on GASCO’s website:

(www.gasco.com.eg) and was also published in an official newspaper (El Gomhoria newspaper).

scoping session

Second Public consultation

Figure 10-1: Newspaper ad for the tow public consultations in El Gomhoria newspaper

The following topics were presented and raised during the consultation sessions were:

Introduction about GASCO

The proposed new project and proposed routes

Project activities

Scope of the updated ESIA

Anticipated environmental and social impacts, mitigation measures and monitoring plans

Resettlement Policy Framework

http://www.gasco.com.eg/

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Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare site/route specific ESIA

Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare site/route specific Resettlement Action Plan (RAP);

Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare due-diligence for associated facilities

Terms of Reference to prepare Quantitative Risk Assessment

In the current study, consultation activities were held over two rounds that occurred during the preparation of the site/route specific ESIA and RAP. The consultation process conducted during the preparation of the ESIA and RAP was dynamic and evolving; i.e. it adapted with the nature and expectations of the host community. The process also engaged the local leadership and the parties involved in agriculture activities (such as agricultural cooperatives) so to reach out to various groups among the PAPs. Some consultation activities were conducted with the community people to identify their opinions, inquires, and concerns towards the project.

10.5 Scoping consultation event

The public consultation was held in El Beheira Governorate (Teachers Syndicate Club – Edko) on 30th October 2018. The session was moderated by the following:

Two consultants from EcoConServ (environmental and social)

Four representatives of GASCO

Governorate representatives

Two representatives of EEAA (HQ)

EEAA Regional Office representatives

Head of Edko City Authority

The list of invitees included EEAA regional branches, environmental offices of the governorates, NGOs, Governmental media centers, and various government employees (Annex 6). In cooperation with the Consultant, invitees were informed of the date and location of the Public Consultation at least two weeks ahead. Participants were invited through:

Invitations sent by GASCO via Faxes and e-mails.

Telephone communication by GASCO and the Consultant.

An advertisement was published in Gomhoryia Newspaper.

Invitations sent by the consultant to governorate stakeholders

10.5.1 Participants Profile The event was conducted on the 30th of October 2018. Ninety-seven (103) people attended the consultation event. They are segregated into 65% males and 35% females.

Table 10-2 - Distribution of participants by profession

Distribution of participants according to profession Numbers Percentage

Beheira and Alexandria Governorates 3 3%

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6 5.8%

Agricultural cooperatives and Ministry of Irrigation 6 5.8%

Roads & Transportation Directorate 1 1%

Rail Way Engineering 1 1%

The General Authority for Fisheries and the Chief Fisherman 3 3%


1 1%

Environmental Office within the Governorates 6 5.8%

Community Leaders ( Mayors , …….) 7 6.8%

Community 37 36.2%

Media 2 2%

GASCO 15 14.4%

EGAS 1 1%

Water Co. 2 2%

Health Local units 3 3%

NGOs 5 5%

Consultant EcoConServ 3 3%

Total 103 100%

10.5.2 Summary of the Discussions

The public consultation began with a welcoming speech by Dr. Azza El Tarabily Env, Protection General Manager - GASCO, who pointed to the activities and the objectives of GASCO Company. GASCO is one of the leading firms of the Petroleum Sector and the Ministry of Petroleum. He also referred to the importance of maximizing the use of clean sources of energy in Egypt. This project is part of the response of the government to connect the natural gas to major industrial projects, meet the growing needs of the energy sector, as well as switch to a clean source of energy to protect the environment and achieve Egypt Vision for Sustainable Development 2030.

Dr. Mona Osama Shehab General Manager - EEAA – El Beheira, welcomed all the participants, and stressed on the importance of consultation sessions to provide the opportunity for community discussion on national projects, especially energy projects that help to increase investment projects and development, which helps to improve economic conditions and provide job opportunities. And will support the expansion of the natural gas grid in Middle Egypt.

Eng. El Sayed ElKasem Mohamed El Basheer - EEAA, has welcomed the participants He noted the importance of the scoping session to discuss the potential impacts in order for the consultant team to explore during the study.

Eng. Hend Kesseba – Environmental Expert EcoConserv Consulting Firm, presented the objective of the session in the context of the project. She gave a background about the project

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then described the routes of the pipelines. Subsequently, she pointed to the potential environmental impacts of the project and the methodology of the ESIA report which will include the mitigations of the environmental and social impacts.

Dr. Anan Muhammad – Social Expert EcoConserv Consulting Firm, pointed to the objectives of the social study. She described the project areas where the route of the pipelines will pass through and the positive and negative social impacts of the project. This included discussing the methodology of how the negative social impacts will be mitigated.

After the presentations, an open discussion took place where the attendees were given the chance to give their feedback about the ESIA and the issues related to the project.

Figure 10-2: Participants of the session

Figure 10-3: Panel of Speakers

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Figure 10-4: Environmental Expert during the

presentation

Figure 10-5: Social expert during the

presentation

Figure 10-6: Female participants

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Figure 10-7: Comments from the participants

Figure 10-8: GASCO's response to the attendees' questions

Table 10-3: Key comments and concerns raised during the public consultation

Issue Questions and comments Responses

Environmental Impacts

Discussed in chapter

3, Project Description

5, assessment of environmental impacts

Compensations

Representative from Edco Lake Fishermen Association, The General Authority for Fisheries, and the Chief Fisherman

What kind of technology will be used for drilling in Edko Lake and, fish farms?

Based on the previous experience with similar projects, HDD drilling technology will be used to drill under Edko Lake and fish farms near to the international coastal road, thus preventing any damage to the lake or

fish farms. HDD pipeline installations have been widely used in the previous period in GASCO projects, and it is considered the

196


(all issues related to compensations will be addressed in a separate report “RAP”)

Will the construction work near to Edko Lake and fish farms affect the Fisheries?

Will compensation be paid for that? Will compensation be paid to the General Authority for Fisheries or the owners of fish farms?

It should be taken into consideration that Edko Lake is currently being cleared and deepened.

fastest growing trenchless construction method today.

In the event of a negative impact on fish, the farm owner will be compensated for the fish season depending on the time period in which the effect occurred.

A separate study will be conducted for compensation for both agricultural land and fish farms depending on project impacts.

Drilling under the lake will be carried out with sufficient depth, taking into consideration current and future clean-up work to maintain the safety

of the Gas Pipeline.

Laws


2, Legislative and Regulatory Framework

Representative from Civil society

Please implement Law 4 of 1988 concerning the extension of liquid gas pipelines

The ESIA study includes a chapter on environmental laws and regulations to study the negative effects of this project. This law is taken into consideration.

Safety Measures Representative from Community People

What are the safety measures for the project?

Petroleum substances are hazardous by nature. Risks related to the pipelines cannot be denied. But since the 70’s not a single accident has occurred in the natural gas lines except for sabotage. We apply high safety standards. The pipelines are our capital at the company we are keen on protecting them. We are also committed to ensuring the safety of the communities where the lines are passing.

We have high safety commitments. We have also conducted three studies for safety. We have an automated scanning system to ensure safety of the lines and identify precisely the location of any problems. The Gas Pipelines is completely insulated at a depth of not less than 2 meters in the ground.

Representative from Alexandria Health Directorate

The infrastructure for water connections and sanitation must

all stake holders concerned with the path of the line are being coordinated with, and a detailed map is being made with the facilities located on the path of the line to take

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be taken into consideration before construction begins

that into account before starting the construction work

Compensations

(all issues related to compensations and crops will be addressed in a separate report “ RAP”)

Representative from Civil society, Agricultural directorates and associations, farmers

What is the policy for compensating land owners where the line will be passing? Will the company buy the land or only rent it? Will private consultations be held with the affected farmers? Will agreements be made with them on how to receive compensation?

Land owners will be compensated according to the prices of the crops at the agricultural cooperative. GASCO announces the land requirements for the project. The value of the compensation is then determined according to the crops and the duration needed for the construction. In case the areas are not cultivated they are compensating by under a “passing rent” scheme.

Consultation sessions will be held with the farmers in each area, before the start of the construction work sufficient period, and agreements will be concluded with them including compensatory value as is the case in all GASCO projects

Representative from Alexandria Agricultural Directorate

Please address the Directorate of Agriculture in Alexandria to form a committee to limit the land the project goes through - in order to limit the holdings and determine them with the limit of plantations and trees to estimate the required compensatory value

Will the restoration of agricultural land be considered prior to excavation

Indeed, GASCO coordinates with the directorates of agriculture in the governorates of El-Beheira and Alexandria to address the agricultural associations and determine the ownership of the lands that the line passes, as well as determine the market value of crops and trees according to the season of agriculture

GASCO is committed to restoring the agricultural land in which the construction work was carried out and returning it to its condition before excavation work began

GASCO is responsible for paying all the costs of Streets rehabilitation or

restoration رد الشئئئئ هصئئئله( but it is not responsible for rehabilitating streets.

Route alternatives


Representative from EEAA - Alexandria Governorate

The EIA study already includes a chapter reviews alternatives to the pipeline route, as well as alternatives to the drilling methods will be used

198


6, Alternatives Does the EIA study include alternatives to the line route?

GASCO community participation and CSR requirements


What is the direct return on the community of this type of projects other than what was presented positive effects of the project? Will there be development projects for the community? Will youth training programs be conducted? Will there be a possibility to provide natural gas to households?

What job opportunities are offered to the local community?

There is an ambitious time plan to expand the household natural gas connections. Given that household connections are the responsibility of other companies not GASCO. GASCO is responsible for operating the national pipelines grid.

GASCO Company gives priority to members of the local community. GASCO determines the specifications of the jobs needed during the construction period and then gives priority to the community members for these positions.

GASCO will take into consideration all the community needs that have been presented, to be included in the

future CSR plan

10.6 Second Public consultation event

The second public consultation was conducted on 27th November 2018 in Kafr El Dawar-Beheira Governorate (Venus Hall for celebrations and conferences). The session was moderated by the following:

Two consultants from EcoConServ (environmental and social)

GASCO representative

Governorate representatives

One representatives of EEAA (HQ)

EEAA Regional Office representatives

The list of invitees included EEAA regional branches, environmental offices of the governorates, NGOs, governmental media centers, and various government employees (Annex 6). In cooperation with the Consultant, invitees were informed of the date and location of the Public Consultation at least two weeks ahead. Participants were invited through:

Invitations sent by GASCO via Faxes and e-mails.

Telephone communication by GASCO and the Consultant.

An advertisement was published in Gomhoryia Newspaper.

Invitations sent by the consultant to governorate stakeholders

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10.6.1 Participants profile

The event was conducted on the 27th November 2018. (166) persons attended the consultation event. They are segregated into 70% males and 30 % females.

Table 10-4: Distribution of participants by profession


Beheira and Alexandria Governorates 8 5%


7 4%

Agricultural cooperatives and Ministry of Irrigation 5 3%

Roads & Transportation Directorate 2 1.2%

Rail Way Engineering 1 0.6%


1 0.6%

Environmental Office within the Governorates 25 15%

Community Leaders ( Mayors , …….) 5 3%

The General Authority for Fisheries and the Chief Fisherman 2 1.2%

Community 72 44%

Media 3 2%

EcoConServ 4 2.5%

GASCO 12 7%

EGAS 1 0.6%

World Bank 1 0.6%

Water Co. 3 2%

Health Local units 2 1.2%

NGOs 11 6.5%

Total 166 100%

10.6.2 Summary of discussions

The event began with opening words from Eng. Saad Bedeir - GASCO Representative, who stated his appreciation for the positive engagement from the audience during the first public consultation. Subsequently, he emphasized that the country’s objective of using clean energy to protect the environment informs the current project. Specifically, GASCO utilizes several environmental units and best available techniques, which demonstrates their commitment to avoiding environmental risks and negative impacts. Lastly, it was highlighted that converting to natural gas is consistent with fulfilling “Egypt Vision for Sustainable Development 2030”.

Dr. Mona Osama Shehab General Manager - EEAA – El Beheira, welcomed the participants on behalf of the governorate, He indicated that the governorate will be the entity responsible for monitoring the environmental performance after operation of the line. Hence the governorate will

200


coordinate with GASCO during implementation. The current project is one of the major projects that contributes to providing the energy needs and enhancing the national economy.

Eng. Ehab Mostafa Hassan - EEAA, welcomed the participants, and indicated that the main objective of the session is to identify the adverse impacts that were concluded from the study as well as explain the mitigation measures.

Hend Kesseba - EcoConserv Consulting Firm Environmental Expert, began her presentation with the project description, which included maps of the routes of the pipelines and an explanation of the criteria for choosing said routes. Following this, she went through the findings of the environmental assessment: all samples taken revealed that the project is compliant to national regulations. Lastly, she explained how the negative impacts will be mitigated throughout the different phases of the project.

Dr. Anan - EcoConserv Consulting Firm Social Expert, stated the main objectives of the social assessment and gave an overview of its methodology. Subsequently, she presented the findings of the socio-economic baseline and the resettlement action plan. She emphasized that overall the project will bring forward positive impacts for the community. Lastly, the grievance mechanism was explained along with the compensation measures that are expected to take place.

The study aims to present mitigation measures to minimize negative impacts. This project is considered project C according to EEAA regulations. It requires a full ESIA as well as two public consultation sessions. The consultant has conducted several field visits as well as measurements and collected samples during preparing of the study. The consultant has presented both the environmental and social impacts during construction and during operation, as well as the ESMP.

After the presentations, an open discussion took place where the attendees were given the chance to give their feedback about the ESIA and the issues related to the project.

Figure 10-9: GASCO presentation of the

project

Figure 10-10: Consulting Firm Environmental Expert

201


Figure 10-11: Panel of Speakers

Figure 10-12: Participants of the session

202


Figure 10-13: Comments from the participants

Figure 10-14: Female participants

203


Figure 10-15: Director of the Raven gas

pipeline project in response to attendees'

questions

Figure 10-16: Social Development Officer for

the Raven gas pipeline project in response to

the attendees' questions

Questions and comments:

Table 10-5: Key comments and concerns raised during the public consultation


GASCO community participation and CSR requirements


The oil and gas companies' lines pass through the lands of Idko and Kufr al-Dawwar. What is the direct benefit of these communities? Will job opportunities be provided equally to young people? Will host communities be supported by development plans, and improve living standards?

Will the gas be connected to houses in villages located along the line?

It is important to activate the role of civil society in introducing the project and communicating with the surrounding communities

While is not the role and responsibility of the company, GASCO will initiate community investment activities which will aid the government in achieving national developmental goals.

GASCO will put all the community requests under consideration

The contractor responsible for the implementation is Petrojet, which has long experience in the gas projects, which is responsible for communicating with civil associations and local associations for applications for employment during the construction work

Activities of Construction Phase


3, Project Description

Representative from Civil society,

water and irrigation unit, Kafr El Dawar City Council

What are the methods used for drilling main roads?

The necessary permits must be obtained before starting excavation activities, as this will take a long period of time, and may cause disruption of construction work

GASCO company is compliant to all the regulations and instructions it has been provided by official authorities. Therefore, it should be emphasized that the routes of the pipelines are not arbitrarily chosen. Rather, GASCO has previously coordinated with the departments of General Utilities unit to ensure that the appropriate distance between the gas pipeline and the neighboring utilities is taken into consideration.

Horizontal Directional Drilling HDD will be relied upon to maintain road safety and non-disruption of traffic, as much as possible. This will be done in accordance with scientific

204



procedures to maintain the integrity of the road infrastructure GASCO coordinate with all relevant authorities and obtain the necessary permits before starting excavation activities

Representative from Community

People,

What is the duration of construction work for this project?

The duration of construction is two years(24 months), construction will not be done for all the pipeline path at the same time, The work will be divided according to a schedule (Time plan)

Environmental Impacts

Discussed in chapter 5, assessment of environmental impacts


People, Kafr El Dawar City Council, and EEAA

Are the routes of the pipelines at an appropriate distance from other infrastructure underground?

What procedures are used to coordinate with all stakeholders to maintain existing facilities in the project area?

GASCO company is compliant to all the regulations and instructions it has been provided by official authorities. Therefore, it should be emphasized that the routes of the pipelines are not arbitrarily chosen. Rather, GASCO has previously coordinated with the departments of General Utilities unit to ensure that the appropriate distance between the gas pipeline and the neighboring utilities is taken into consideration.

After construction of the pipeline, it is important to have strong coordination with the company and the governorate to avoid any emergencies

GASCO coordinates strongly with all relevant stakeholders at the governorate level. We also operate the hotline for any emergencies and the regular patrolling system for monitoring of the route.

What are the methods for monitoring and protection against emissions during excavation?

We use the watering methods to avoid negative impacts from dust.

With regards the water used for measuring pressure, please ensure compliance with relevant regulations before discharging to WWTP.

GASCO applies all relevant regulations and requirements from EEAA.

Disclosure of information


People,

GASCO is efficient at disclosing information about the project to the community. Moreover, information is received and made available at the

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(all issues related to disclosure will be addressed in a separate report “RAP”)

How can Community People have enough information about the project

administrative units on a regular basis.

GASCO will disclose more information about the project that is presented in clear and simple language.

A first public consultation session was held to study the environmental and social impacts of the project, and a second public consultation session is being held to present the results of the ESIA study.

Then GASCO coordinate with the Agricultural cooperatives to prepare an inventory of the PAPs, and then several consultation sessions will be held with the PAPs (at the time of agreeing on compensatory values - at the time of payment the compensation)

Compensations

(all issues related to compensations and crops will be addressed in a separate report “ RAP”)

Representative of the Community People, Agricultural cooperatives and civil society

Fair compensation for trees should be provided, taking into account the age of trees

Will compensation be given out in a timely manner?

In the compensation of trees, tree age and market price are taken into consideration, in coordination with agricultural departments and agricultural cooperatives in villages located along the line

It is important to note that construction does not take place over the agricultural land except after compensation occurs. Therefore, Gasco actually waits for all farmers to collect their harvests, compensates them at full replacement cost, and only then does work on the project begin to take place.

Compensation must be made by mutual agreement with the Farmers, not against their will.

Farmers must be notified before drilling activities begin

GASCO does not start construction work until compensation is paid, agreed upon with the farmers

Consultation sessions will be held with the farmers in each area, before the start of the construction work

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long enough to collect their crops

sufficient period, and agreements will be concluded with them including compensatory value as is the case in all GASCO projects

Farmers are notified before construction work began a period sufficient; so that they can collect the crop, GASCO also pays the value of the crop as a compensatory value

Safety measures

Representative from EEAA, and Health Directorate

It is important to add necessary signs to ensure raising awareness among the community of any risks. This can be arranged in cooperation with the local government units.

GASCO ensure all safety measures and

apply the existing requirements of the ASME code. We also operate the natural gas hotline in case of any problems to be reported by the local community in addition to the regular patrolling of the line.

Can any damage occur on the pipeline for any reason, and can it affect other utilities such as electricity?

GASCO pipelines are controlled by a software called SCADA. GASCO have a trained team at the highest level to deal with emergencies. We

apply the ASME code requirements. We also ensure safety through technical requirements such as coating and the depth of the line. We have an electronic scanning system to monitor any problems with the line.

Moreover, clear instructions and directions that are legible to the community have been placed to indicate the route of the gas pipeline and a patrolling team passes by to check on them routinely.

Any damage in the gas pipeline path does not affect other facilities

10.7 Conclusion

The key message from the consultation events carried out for this project is that the public and government’s acceptance for and support to the project are very strong.

Community people and government expressed their views and concerns with transparency

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The discussion with the attendees during the public consultations revealed that many of

them are confused about some issues:

The difference between the connections of GASCO Company and those of NG to the households. Therefore, the study recommends that GASCO Company have to explain the difference clearly in the second public consultation.

The community people have a mix between O&G projects in Beheira Governorate; where there are many. Some of them talked about projects that are currently being held in their land and have not been compensated for, and started to charge GASCO as one of these companies; while the current project has not yet begun.

The attendees referred to some issues that need the project owner company takes into consideration, these issues are:

The attendees from the local units recommended that the project give priority to community people in case there is a need for workers.

Emphasize the importance of consultation with those affected. Provide fair compensation, especially for fruit and palm trees, In addition to, taking into consideration the age of the trees in the estimation of compensations

The importance of repairing any damage caused to the water or drainage pipes, since it has direct impacts on the community

Put plans and solutions in case the lands owners refuse to deal with the Company (GASCO) and the contractors

Restoring and rehabilitating the streets after the excavation as soon as possible

The need to coordinate with the Roads and Bridges Authority to reduce the impact of drilling work on the major roads, especially (the International coastal road)

Safety measures should increase to ensure that no gas leak occurs

The importance of reducing the adverse impacts on the agricultural lands

The sessions showed that, despite the concerns of some attendees, it was emphasized that the project is important and has a role in achieving development. Attendees agreed that it is a national project, one that belongs to the public.

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IFC General Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines (EHS)

World Bank Operation Policies and

Guidelines of Principles and Procedures for Environmental Impact Assessment, EEAA, 2nd

Edition, January 2009

Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Gas Distribution Systems, IFC and World

Bank, 30 April, 2007

Guidelines for oil and gas sector, EEAA, January 2005

World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005.

Urban Development Strategy. Environmental review over Arab Republic of Egypt, Ministry

of housing, utilities and urban development, 2010.

www.meteoblue.com/

D1357-95 (Reapproved2000) Standard Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Air

LIFE Integrated Water Resources Management, Task Order No. 802, April 2008, International

Resources Group, In association with EPIQ II Consortium

Website of IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Alexandria and Beheira Environmental Profile, EEAA, 2007

Natural Protectorates Map issued by EEAA, 2013

11 References