Mapping your career with NIHMapping your career with NIH

Michael Sesma, Ph.D., NIMHMilton J. Hernández, Ph.D., DLR, OEPNIH

Basic Advice for Mapping Your Career with NIH

Understand the NIH application process including the review processUnderstand the ICs and their goals

Each IC has a research training and career development programIdentify the grant programs offered by each ICIdentify the grant programs offered by each ICMake early contact with program officersFind Mentors and CollaboratorsStudy successful grant applicationsOnly propose your best, creative ideas

Appropriate number of goalsAppropriate number of goalsImpact – now more important than everInclude preliminary data if you have it

You won’t get a grant if you don’t applyYou won t get a grant if you don t apply

Career Path for a Ph.D.T32- Institutional training grant (NRSA)-has pre-& postdoc slotsF30 and F31- Individual predoc fellowship (NRSA) (some ICs only support Diversity F30/31s)F32 I di id l d f ll hi (NRSA)F32- Individual postdoc fellowship (NRSA)F33- Sr. postdoc fellowship (NRSA)R03- Small GrantR21- Exploratory/Developmental Research GrantR01- Research grantgK02- Independent Scientist AwardK22- Research Scholar Development AwardK99/R00- Pathway to Independence AwardR37- Merit awardP01 Program Project Grant

F32or K22 R01 R37K02

P01- Program Project GrantU01- Cooperative Agreement

F33R21R03K99/ Ps

T32 F31

orT32

K22 R01 R37K02 F33R21R03R00 Us

Graduatestudent

IndependentPIPh.D. Faculty

P iti PIPosition

Diversity Supplements

Career Path for an MDT35- Short-term Training Grant for Health Professional StudentsF33- Sr. Postdoctoral Fellowship (NRSA)K08- Mentored Clinical Scientist Development AwardK23 M t d P ti t O i t d R h C D l t A dK23- Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development AwardK24- Mid-Career Investigator in Patient-Oriented ResearchK07, K12- IC specificPlus all mechanisms from Ph D track

T35T32or R01 R37

K08or K22 K02 K24

Plus all mechanisms from Ph.D. track

F33R21K99/ R03T35 orF32

R01 R37orK23

K22 K02 K24F33R21R00R03

Medical Student

IndependentPIM.D. Faculty

P i i

Clinical Training PIM.D. Position

g

Diversity Supplements

Training Grants (Ts)

NRSA- National Research Service AwardLegislated, program began in 1974 (P.L. 93-348)Multi-slot awardsDomestic institutions onlyFund training programs for pre- and postdocs in any scientific area within our scientific missionscientific area within our scientific missionCan be basic or clinicalTrainees work in a mentor’s labTrainees work in a mentor s labMDs, PhDs, DVMsAwards go the best training programs in the Nation

Fellowships (Fs):

NRSA- National Research Service AwardNRSA National Research Service AwardLegislated, program began in 1974 (P.L. 93-348)Individual awards under a mentorTraining can be at domestic or foreign institutionsFund pre- and postdoc trainees in any scientific area p p ywithin our scientific missionCan be basic or clinical - most are basicMost awardees are for Ph.D.sF Kiosk: http://grants.nih.gov/training/F_files_nrsa.htm

Career Development Awards (Ks)Individual awardsMechanisms for Basic and ClinicalMechanisms for Basic and Clinical InvestigatorsDesigned as awards for faculty investigatorsDesigned as awards for faculty investigatorsSome mentored others notNewer programs (K22 and K99/R00) are transition awards- these are for MDs and PhDPhDsK Kiosk: http://grants.nih.gov/training/careerdevelopmentawards.htm

Training GrantsSome all predoc/some all postdocMost are a mixture of slotsFunds are mostly for tuition and traineesFunds are mostly for tuition and trainees Training Related Expenses may be used to defray costs such as staff salaries, equipment, research supplies, and other expenses directly related to the training programrelated to the training programCosts:

Tuition- 60% of requested tuition, capped at $16,000 ($21K for MD-PhD programs)p g )Stipends- $20,772 pre/ postdoc $36,996 (level 0)-$51,036 (level 7)Training Related Expenses- $4,200 pre/$7,850 (post); both include health insuranceTravel- $400-$1000F&As- 8%

F30s and F31s- Predoc Fellowships

Individual awards Cannot change the scope, move fellowship, or change mentor without prior NIH approval! (They do anyway)Predoctoral NRSA awards limited to 5 years totalTuition- 60% of requested tuition capped at $16 000Tuition- 60% of requested tuition, capped at $16,000 ($21K for MD-PhD programs)Stipends- $20,772 preTraining Related Expenses- $4,200 includes health insuranceTravel- $400-$1000$ $F&As- 8%

F32sPostdoc NRSA Fellowships

Postdoc onlyyIndividual awardCannot change the scope, move fellowship, or change mentor without prior NIH approval! (They do anyway)NRSA Support for up to 3 years totalNRSA Support for up to 3 years total Stipends- $36,996 (level 0)-$51,036 (level 7)

Training Related Expenses- $7 850; includes healthTraining Related Expenses- $7,850; includes health insuranceTravel- $400-$1000F&As- 8%

F33sSenior Postdoc Fellowships

Not for postdocs who have been postdocs a long p p gtimeUsed for associate or full professors who want support for a sabbaticalsupport for a sabbaticalFor MDs or PhDsFew applicants - too little moneyFew applicants too little moneyStipend = $51,036Training Related Expenses - $7,850; includes health insuranceTravel- $400-$1,000

Fellowship Review Criteria

In addition to an Overall Impact score there are 5 Core Review Criteria for Fellowships These are distinctReview Criteria for Fellowships. These are distinct from R-type award Core Criteria; criterion scores will be provided by the reviewers (1-9)Fellowship Applicant Sponsors, Collaborators, and ConsultantsResearch Training PlanTraining PotentialInstitutional Environment & Commitment to Training

K01Mentored Research Scientist Development Award

Support development experiences leading to h i d d t i i i fi ldresearch independence, training in new field or

following hiatus in a research career (varies by IC)

MD PhDMDs or PhDs3-5 yearsS l C i b IC FBSalary Cap varies by IC + FBsResearch Support: up to $50,000/yr (varies by IC)

F&As= 8%IC contacts and policies:

http://grants2.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-10-056.html

K02Independent Scientist Award

Often called Mid-career award; Best candidate is a “senior” assistant professor or “junior” associate professorClose to or recently promoted and tenuredy pMust have independent grant support as PI, e.g., R01MDs (very few) and PhDsS l t lSalary support only Salary Cap varies by IC + FBs for up to 5 yearsGives up salary support from all other NIH grants!Gives up salary support from all other NIH grants!Relatively few applicantsF&As= 8%

htt // t ih / t / id / t t / t K02 ht lhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/contacts/parent_K02.html

K08- Mentored Clinical Scientist Development AwardK23K23- Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award

K08 - supports didactic study and mentored research for pp yindividuals with clinical doctoral degrees K23 - for clinical/patient-oriented project3 5 yr award varies by IC3-5 yr award, varies by ICSalary cap varies by IC + FBsResearch Support up to $50,000/yr (varies by IC)F&As= 8%For IC Contacts and policies

http://grants nih gov/grants/guide/contacts/parent K08 htmlhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/contacts/parent_K08.htmlhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/contacts/parent_K23.html

K24Mid-Career Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research

Purpose: to provide support for clinician investigators toPurpose: to provide support for clinician investigators to allow them protected time to devote to patient-oriented research (POR) and to act as research mentors

i il f j i li i iprimarily for junior clinicians3-5 yearsT i ll MDTypically MDsSalary cap varies by IC + FBsResearch Support $25 000 $50 000 (varies by IC)Research Support $25,000 - $50,000 (varies by IC)F&As= 8%http://grants nih gov/grants/guide/contacts/parent K23 htmlhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/contacts/parent_K23.html

K25Mentored Quantitative Research Development Award

For individuals from a quantitative background (e.g., mathematics, statistics, economics, computer science, imaging science, informatics, physics, chemistry and engineering) who want to apply theirchemistry, and engineering) who want to apply their expertise to a biomedical problem and are not already working in a health or disease related topic3-5 yearsSalary cap varies by IC + FBsResearch Support: $20,000 - $50,000 (varies by IC)F&As= 8%http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/contacts/parent_K25.html

K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award

Supported by almost all ICs with variations*Transition award for postdocs moving to assistant p gprofessor positions (tenure track or equivalent)No Citizenship/Green Card requirementK99 mentored phase (up to 2 years)R00 independent phase (up to 3 years; 75% effort)Requires mentor(s)*Up to $90,000/yr total cost for K99 phase; 8% F&A$249,000/yr total cost for R00 phasehttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/contacts/parent_K99_R00.html

K22 Research Scholar Development AwardOffered by NCI, NHLBI, NIAID, NIAAA, NINRTransition award for postdocs moving to positions of assistant professorprofessorTwo-phased applicationPhase 1

Scientific meritScientific meritNo institution yet

If applicant gets a fundable score, they have a year to find a iti i t t fposition as assistant professor

Phase 2Assistant ProfessorOwn labSignificant start-up fundsLittle teaching/ no administrative responsibilities

F&As= 8%

K22 and the K99/R00 Award Main featuresMain features

K22 K99/R00K22Transition award (postdoc-to-asst. professor)2 d

K99/R00Transition award (postdoc - to asst. professor)3 d l2 yr award

No mentored phaseAwardee gets funds at the

3 year award only2 yr mentored phase ($90K/yr TC)Awardee becomes asst. professor-Awardee gets funds at the

time of becoming asst. professor$250K + 8% F&A costs

Awardee becomes asst. professorR00 not peer reviewed3 yr independent R phase ($249K/yr TC)$250K + 8% F&A costs

Total Cost= $270K($249K/yr TC)Total Cost= $574K but note TC in R00 phase

Career Award Review CriteriaIn addition to an Overall Impact score there are 5 Core

Review Criteria for K-award applications that are di ti t f R t d C C it i it idistinct from R-type award Core Criteria; criterion scores will be provided by the reviewers (1-9)CandidateCandidateCareer Development Plan/Career Goals & Objectives/Plan to Provide MentoringObjectives/Plan to Provide MentoringResearch PlanMentor(s) Consultants(s) Collaborator(s)Mentor(s), Consultants(s), Collaborator(s).Environment and Institutional Commitment to the CandidateCandidate

New NIH PolicyEncourage New Investigator Applications for the R01

In recent years the use of Small Grants (R03) and the NIH Exploratory In recent years the use of Small Grants (R03) and the NIH Exploratory /Developmental Research Grant (R21) has increased : /Developmental Research Grant (R21) has increased :

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New Investigator policies are limited to applications for Traditional New Investigator policies are limited to applications for Traditional Research project grant (R01) support. Accordingly, the NIH is strongly Research project grant (R01) support. Accordingly, the NIH is strongly

22

encouraging New Investigators, particularly Early Stage Investigators, encouraging New Investigators, particularly Early Stage Investigators, to apply for R01 grants when seeking firstto apply for R01 grants when seeking first--time NIH funding. time NIH funding.

Why an R01?It is the Gold Standard Grant!

Th R h P j G (R01) i h i i l d• The Research Project Grant (R01) is the original and historically oldest grant mechanism used by NIH. The R01 provides support for health-related research and development based on the mission of the NIHdevelopment based on the mission of the NIH.

• R01s can be investigator-initiated or can be in response to a program anno ncement or req est for applicationto a program announcement or request for application.

• The R01is an award made to support a discrete, ifi d i ib d j t t b f d b thspecified, circumscribed project to be performed by the

named investigator(s) in an area representing the investigator's specific interest and competencies, based on the mission of the NIH

23

on the mission of the NIH.

Are You a “New Investigator”?Definition: New Investigator (NI) is a PD/PI who has not yet competed successfully for a substantial NIH researchyet competed successfully for a substantial NIH research grant (Except for R03, R15, R21 or mentored K awards)

Definition: Early Stage Investigator (ESI) is a NI who is within 10 years of completing the terminal research degree or is within 10 years of completing medical residency (or equivalent)q )NI/ESI receive special considerations during peer review and IC funding decisionsResource web site with further information

grants1 nih gov/grants/new investigatorsgrants1.nih.gov/grants/new_investigatorsgrants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-08-121.html

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New/Early Stage Investigatorsy g g

Identification of NI/ESI ApplicantsPURPOSEEncourage and accelerate earlier transition toEncourage and accelerate earlier transition to

research independence (i.e., first R01)Counter trend of increasing time spent in

t i i h ftraining phase of career Strongly encourage New Investigators,

particularly ESIs, to apply for R01 grants when

http://grants nih gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-08-121 html

particularly ESIs, to apply for R01 grants when seeking first-time NIH funding

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-08-121.html

New/Early Stage InvestigatorNew and Early Stage Investigator Policies

• ESI/NI Applications will be identified to reviewers so that appropriate consideration of career stage can be applied during review.

• Apprise NIH staff of ESI/NI status, which will be considered when applications are selected for award

• Support New Investigators (majority expected to be ESIs) at success rates equivalent to that of established investigators submitting new applications

• For multiple PD/PI applications, all PD/PIs must meet requirements for ESI status to receive consideration during review

• ESIs/NIs are eligible for the Shortened Review Cycle option(http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-07-083.html )

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( p g g g g )

New/Early Stage InvestigatorsInformation Sources

• NOT-OD-08-121 (09/26/2008) - Encouraging Early Transition to Independence: Identifying ESIshttp://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-08-121.html

• NOT-OD-09-013 (09/31/2008) – Revised New and Early Stage Investigator Policies http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-09-013.html

• NOT-OD-09-034 (12/31/2008) – ESI Policies: Requesting an Extension of the ESI Periodhttp://grants nih gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-09-034 htmlhttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice files/NOT OD 09 034.html

• FAQs:http://grants.nih.gov/grants/new_investigators/investigator_policies_faqs.html

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ml

Other NIH Awards for New Investigators

http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/newinnovator/newinnovator/

• Support exceptionally innovative research with potential for significant impact

• Launched in 2007• Open to new investigators within ten years of their terminal degree• Appointment at US institutions• Commit at least 25% effort

• Up to $1.5 million over 5 years (direct costs)• Abbreviated application

• Preliminary data optional• Review focus on innovation and creativity, scientific impact• Number of Applications and awards

• 2007 2150 302008 579 31

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• 2008 579 31• 2009 419 ? + ARRA

Loan Repayment ProgramsAn Overview

Division of Loan Repayment (DLR)Office of Extramural Research/Office of Extramural Programs

National Institutes of HealthU S Department of Health and Human ServicesU.S. Department of Health and Human Services

il á d hMilton Hernández, Ph.D.Director 

NIH Division of Loan Repayment, OEP

Program OverviewProgram Overview

NIH Loan Repayment Programs (LRPs)NIH Loan Repayment Programs (LRPs)

•Vital component of our Nation's efforts to attract and retain highly qualified health professionals 

•Working in priority areas 

•To build a research workforce that will meet our future national needs 

3030

Loan Repayment Programs Intramural Programs (1989 to Present)

AIDS Research LRP (1989)

Cli i l R h LRP f I di id l fClinical Research LRP for Individuals from Disadvantaged Backgrounds (1994)

General Research LRP (1996)

Extramural Programs (2001 to Present)

Contraception & Infertility Research LRP (1997)( 99 )

Health Disparities Research LRP (2001)

Clinical Research LRP for Individuals from Di d t d B k d (2001)Disadvantaged Backgrounds (2001)

Clinical Research LRP (2002)

Pediatric Research LRP (2002)

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LRPs- How do they work?LRPs How do they work?

• Up to $35,000 per year in loan repayment p $ , p y p ydepending on debt level

• Coverage of Federal, state and local taxes resulting from the NIH LRP

• 2 year initial contracts with 1 – 2 year competitive extension contractsextension contracts

Individual LRP Funding History FY 2002 thru FY 2008

$70,000

$80,000

$50,000

$60,000

$ ,

(Tho

usan

ds)

Contraception and Infertility

Clinical DB

$30,000

$40,000

g A

mou

nt

Health Disparities

Pediatric

$10,000

$20,000

Fund

ing

Clinical

$0

FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008

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Educational Debt, by Degree Type

Trends Analysis, FY03‐FY07

Among LRP applicants academic

1000

1200

pplican

ts

Among LRP applicants, academic 

doctorates have a higher debt load 

than recent PhD graduates, and 

physician doctorates have a lower 

debt load than recent MD graduates

200

400

600

800

er of N

ew LRP

 A

Academic Doctorate

debt load than recent MD graduates.

MD PhD

LRP All* LRP All†

0

200

Num

be Physician Doctorate

Physician Doctorate /Academic Doctorate

Professional ClinicalDoctorate

Allied HealthProfessional

No Debt n/a 17% n/a 50%

<$40K 10% 13% 38% 40%

>$40K 90% 73% 62% 10%

Average $114K $97K $62K ~$20K

Educational Debt Level(reported by applicants, in thousands)

Debt$114K $97K $62K $20K

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†Source: Survey of Earned Doctorates, National Science Foundation (2003).

*Source: Survey of Graduates, American Association of Medical Colleges (2001).

LRP Evaluation Conclusions:

LRPs attract young scientists early in their careers- average age y g y g gis 35Applicants have considerable educational debtWomen MDs and PhDs are adequately represented in applicantWomen, MDs, and PhDs are adequately represented in applicant and awardee poolsLRP awardees receive more RPGs than unsuccessful applicantsB t LRP d t it f l K d iBut LRP awardees are not quite as successful as K awardees in receiving RPGs