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Hacettepe University Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department

ELE 454 Power Electronics

Lecture NotesChapter I

Instructor: Dr. Işık Çadırcı

Hacettepe University Hacettepe University Electrical and Electronics Engineering DepartmentElectrical and Electronics Engineering Department

ELE 454 ELE 454 Power ElectronicsPower Electronics

Lecture NotesLecture NotesChapter IChapter I

Instructor: Dr. IInstructor: Dr. Işışık k ÇÇadadıırcrcıı

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OUTLINOUTLINEE

I.I. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

II. POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES II. POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

III. LOSS CALCULATIONS AND COOLING III. LOSS CALCULATIONS AND COOLING OF POWER SEMICONDUCTORS OF POWER SEMICONDUCTORS

IV. RECTIFIER CIRCUITS (ACIV. RECTIFIER CIRCUITS (AC--DC Converters) DC Converters)

V. CONVERTER OPERATION IN FOURV. CONVERTER OPERATION IN FOUR--QUADRANTS QUADRANTS

VI. VI. AC AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS

VII. CHOPPERS (DCVII. CHOPPERS (DC--DC Converters)DC Converters)

VIII. INVERTERS (DCVIII. INVERTERS (DC--AC Converters)AC Converters)

IX. PROTECTION OF POWER CONVERTERS IX. PROTECTION OF POWER CONVERTERS

Block diagram of a power electronic systemBlock diagram of a power electronic systemBlock diagram of a power electronic system

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

Power Electronics is a branch of electrical / electronics Power Electronics is a branch of electrical / electronics engineering that is concerned with the conversion and engineering that is concerned with the conversion and control of electrical power for various applications. control of electrical power for various applications.

A power electronics system interfaces between the utility A power electronics system interfaces between the utility system and consumer load to satisfy this need. system and consumer load to satisfy this need. Power electronics may be defined as the applications of Power electronics may be defined as the applications of solidsolid--state electronics for the control and conversion of state electronics for the control and conversion of electrical power.electrical power.

Utility systems usually generate, transmit, and distribute power at a fixed frequency (50 or 60 Hz), and a fixed voltage is maintained at the consumer terminals.

Utility systems usually generate, transmit, and distribute power at a fixed frequency (50 or 60 Hz), and a fixed voltage is maintained at the consumer terminals.

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

A consumer, however, may need power at DC or AC, A consumer, however, may need power at DC or AC, at the same, higher or lower or variable frequency. at the same, higher or lower or variable frequency. Frequently, the power is to be controlled with precisionFrequently, the power is to be controlled with precision.

The core of a power electronics apparatus consists of a converter built on a matrix of power semiconductor switching devices, and electronic control circuitry:

The core of a power electronics apparatus consists of a converter built on a matrix of power semiconductor switching devices, and electronic control circuitry:

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

UtilityUtilityGridGrid

Constant Constant V,fV,f

POWER ELECTRONICS APPARATUS

* Converter* Controller

LOAD

Needs DC or AC power usually at variable V, and f

POWER ELECTRONICS is concerned with static power conversion, or interconversion of electrical energy

The goals of Power Electronics:

To process, and control the flow of electrical power by supplying voltages and currents in a form that is optimally suited for user loads,

To convert electrical energy from one form to another with highest efficiency, high availability, and high reliability, with the lowest cost, smallest size, and weight.

The goals of Power Electronics: The goals of Power Electronics:

To process, and control the flow of electrical power To process, and control the flow of electrical power by supplying voltages and currents in a form that is by supplying voltages and currents in a form that is optimally suited for user loads, optimally suited for user loads,

To convert electrical energy from one form to To convert electrical energy from one form to another with highest efficiency, high availability, and another with highest efficiency, high availability, and high reliability, with the lowest cost, smallest size, high reliability, with the lowest cost, smallest size, and weight. and weight.

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

The power converters can be classified as: The power converters can be classified as: The power converters can be classified as:

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

RECTIFIERS (AC to DC Converters)

CHOPPERS (DC to DC Converters)

INVERTERS (DC to AC Converters)

AC POWER CONTROLLERS (AC to AC Converters)AC Voltage Controllers, and Direct Frequency Changers

RECTIFIERS (AC to DC Converters)

CHOPPERS (DC to DC Converters)

INVERTERS (DC to AC Converters)

AC POWER CONTROLLERS (AC to AC Converters)AC Voltage Controllers, and Direct Frequency Changers

Power electronics systems applications Power electronics systems applications

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

++

AC to AC: AC Power Controllers, AC to AC: AC Power Controllers, Direct Frequency ChangersDirect Frequency Changers

Power electronics – an interdisciplinary technology Power electronics – an interdisciplinary technology

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

The study of power electronics encompasses many The study of power electronics encompasses many fields within electrical engineeringfields within electrical engineering

Combining the knowledge of these diverse fields makes the study of power electronics challenging as well as interesting.

There are many potential advances in all these fields, that will improve the prospects for applying power electronics to new applications.

It is difficult to draw the bondaries for the application of power electronics; especially with the present trends in the development of power devices and microcontrollers.

Combining the knowledge of these diverse fields makes Combining the knowledge of these diverse fields makes the study of power electronics challenging as well as the study of power electronics challenging as well as interesting.interesting.

There are many potential advances in all these fields, There are many potential advances in all these fields, that will improve the prospects for applying power that will improve the prospects for applying power electronics to new applications. electronics to new applications.

It is difficult to draw the bondaries for the application It is difficult to draw the bondaries for the application of power electronics; especially with the present trends in of power electronics; especially with the present trends in the development of power devices and microcontrollers. the development of power devices and microcontrollers. H

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

Power Electronics is a branch of electrical / electronics engineering engineering, that is concerned with the conversion and control of electrical power for various applications such as:

heating and lighting controlelectrochemical processesswitch-mode power suppliesdc and ac electrical machine drives,active power line filtering,static VAr compensation systems,AC power controllerselectrical welding

Power Electronics is a branch of electrical / electronics Power Electronics is a branch of electrical / electronics engineering engineering, that is concerned with the engineering engineering, that is concerned with the conversion and control of electrical power for various conversion and control of electrical power for various applications such as:applications such as:

heating and lighting controlelectrochemical processesswitch-mode power suppliesdc and ac electrical machine drives,active power line filtering,static VAr compensation systems,AC power controllerselectrical welding

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

Power electronics systems applications Power electronics systems applications

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

SolidSolid--state circuit breakersstate circuit breakers

Induction heating Induction heating

Photovoltaic systems Photovoltaic systems

Transportation (electric car, trains)Transportation (electric car, trains)

VariableVariable--speed, constantspeed, constant--frequency generating systems,frequency generating systems,

Power generation and transmission (HVDC)Power generation and transmission (HVDC)

and many more... and many more...

Power electronics systems applications Power electronics systems applications

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

Application of power semiconductor devices Application of power semiconductor devices

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

At present, POWER ELECTRONICS seems to have been polarized in two directions:

LowLow--power, high frequency electronicspower, high frequency electronics

- need for switch mode power suppliesneed for switch mode power supplies

-- circuit miniaturization circuit miniaturization

Moderate to high power electronicsModerate to high power electronics

- covers motor drives, UPS, lighting, heating covers motor drives, UPS, lighting, heating control, power quality etc.control, power quality etc.

-- Cost, efficiency, size, and other performance Cost, efficiency, size, and other performance improvements are the main criteriaimprovements are the main criteria

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

Power electronics systems applications Power electronics systems applications

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

Power electronics systems applications

Power electronics systems applications

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

Motor drives

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

A dcA dc--dc converter: dc converter: A 200 W SMPS: A 200 W SMPS:

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

Bilsat 1Bilsat 1Power Power SupplySupply

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

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I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

Commercial electric motor drivesCommercial electric motor drives