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Electrical and Computer Engineering
Team Pishro-Nik and Ni
Chris Comack - Simon Tang - Joe Tochka - Madison Wang
Cars Against Automobile Accidents
10/9/08
Professor Pishro-NikAdvisor, Assistant Professor, ECE
Professor NiAdvisor, Assistant Professor, CEE
2Electrical and Computer Engineering
Background and Motivation
Automobile accidents are both dangerous and costly• 42,884 fatalities in the United States in 2003. • $625.5 billion dollars in damages in 2005• Everybody is affected
• Higher prices for goods and services
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Background and Motivation
Many of these accidents can be prevented.• Several technologies and policies aim to deter car
accidents• Sobriety detectors• Curfew against young drivers• Drifting monitors
4Electrical and Computer Engineering
Background and Motivation
Previous SDP projects involving accident prevention• Accident warning at intersections• Required both onboard and roadside units• Not very user friendly
5Electrical and Computer Engineering
Background and Motivation
What are other ways to prevent vehicular accidents?• Stop driving entirely• Only drive when the roads are empty• Drive very slowly and hope no one hits you• Have more information about what is happening around
you• How?
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Background and Motivation
Solution: Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication• A system that detects and analyzes what cars around
you are doing• Gives drivers information directly from other cars as to
their speed, acceleration, and location.
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Requirements
Establish communication between vehicles• Transmit/Receive
• Speed• Acceleration• Location• Status of steering wheel
• Display data on a screen
System must be scalable• Each car must be able to communicate with many other
vehicles
System must be expandable• Many possibilities on what this system can be used for
8Electrical and Computer Engineering
Requirements
Use DSRC to communicate between vehicles• Dedicated Short Range Communication• Wireless protocol dedicated to automotive use
Use GPS to determine locations Use OBD-II to obtain status of vehicle.
• On Board Diagnostics• Speed• Acceleration• Steering Wheel
9Electrical and Computer Engineering
Types of global positioning & their accuracy:• Standard GPS• Differential GPS• GPS +Satellite Based Augmentation System(SBAS)
• Wide Area Augmentation System(WAAS)100 meters: Accuracy of the original GPS system, which was subject to accuracy degradation under the government-imposed Selective Availability (SA) program.
15 meters: Typical GPS position accuracy without SA.
3-5 meters: Typical differential GPS (DGPS) position accuracy.
< 3 meters: Typical WAAS position accuracy.Source: http://www.garmin.com
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GPS ModulesCost Channels WAAS
Garmin GPS15-H:$50 12 Yes
Motorola Oncore GT +: $45 8 No
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Acquiring access to OBD-II diagnostic information:
Scanner from http://www.obddiagnostics.com:Pre-assembled: $90
PCB and kit: $45
“Monitors general Obd-2 data: Fuel system … Coolant temperature … Engine Rpm, Vehicle speed … Throttle position…“
“Mileage monitor; Computes miles per gallon (instantaneous and averaged) as well as cumulative fuel used and distance travelled.“
Also RS 232 Compliant (makes use of serial interface)
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Block Diagram
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Design Challenges
Making the system user friendly• Mass market devices must be easy to use
Accurately determining position Make system reliable Make system expandable Adaptable to different vehicle models
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Costs
Transcievers for communcation from vehicle to vehicle will operate on U.S. government allocated 5.9GHz bandwidth specifically for Dedicated Short Range Communcation for vehicles:
“In a Report and Order adopted today, the FCC decided to use the 5.850-5.925 GHz band for a variety of Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) uses, such as traffic light control, traffic monitoring, travelers' alerts, automatic toll collection, traffic congestion detection, emergency vehicle signal preemption of traffic lights, and electronic inspection of moving trucks through data transmissions with roadside inspection facilities.”
October 21, 1999 FCC ALLOCATES SPECTRUM IN 5.9 GHz RANGE FOR INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS USES
15Electrical and Computer Engineering
Design Alternatives
Location detector• GPS • Range Finder – Not
practical• Gyroscope – Orientation
only
Speed Detector• GPS• DGPS• OBD-II – Most accurate
(info directly from vehicle)
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Design Alternatives Location detector
• GPS• +SBAS
• Range Finder – Not practical• Gyroscope – Orientation only
Speed Detector• GPS• DGPS• OBD-II – Most accurate (info
directly from vehicle)
Microcontroller• Serial interface to GPS board
• Atmel AVR
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MDR Goals
Integration of MCU with GPS, OBDII, Transceiver Demonstration of expandability
• Simple Software• Use of simulators and/or real cars
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Deliverables
Working communication between multiple cars• Each unit integrates correctly between GPS, OBD-II,
integrated transceiver and microcontroller
Demonstration of real world functionality Visual display of information received from other
vehicles Instructions for using system for development
purposes Easy-access interface to data with fastest
possibly refresh rate for up to date information
19Electrical and Computer Engineering
Q & A
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