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8/9/2019 electrical currnt and current circuits for iit
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x
A q
v d
v d
t FIGURE 6.2 A section of a uniform
conductor of cross-sectional area A .The mobile charge carriers move withan average speed v d along the wire,and the displacement they experience
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v d
E
Figure 6.3
A schematic representation of thezigzag motion of a charge carrier in aconductor. The changes in direction
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F I G U R E 6 . 4 A uniform conductor of length and cross-sectional area A . A potential difference V b V a is maintai-ned across the conductor so that anelectric eld exists in the conductor,and this eld produces a current I that isproportional to the potential difference.
E:
b V a
I A
E
I
Slope = 1
I
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F I G U R E 6 . 6The colored bands on a resistorrepresent a code for determining resistance. The
rst two colors give the rst two digits in the
resistance value. The third color represents thepower of ten for the multiplier of the resistance
( S u p e r
S t o c
k )
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T
0
T
00
F I G U R E 6 . 7 Resistivity versustemp-erature for a normal metal,such as copper. The curve is linearover a wide range of temperatures,
and increases with increasingtempera-ture. As T approaches
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b
a
c
d
R
I
V +
Figure 6.9
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30 W
60 W
e f
c d
A
B
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+
Battery
R 1 R 2
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+
(a)
Battery
1 2
V
(c)
I
a c
(b)
I
R 1 R 2
I
a b c
I 1 = I 2 = I R eq = R 1 + R 2
V
Figure 6.13
(a) A series connection of two lightbulbs with resistances R 1 and R 2 . (b) The circuit diagram for the two-resistor circuit. Thecurrent in R 1 is the same as that in R 2 . (c) The resistors are replaced with a single resistor having an equivalent resistanceR eq R 1 R 2.
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(c)
I
V
b
(b)
I 1
R 1
R 2
V
a
I
I 2
+
(a)
R 1
R 2
Battery
V 1 = V 2 = V R eq R 1 R 21 1 1= +
Figure 6.14
(a) A parallel connection of twolightbulbs with resistances R 1 andR 2. (b) The circuit diagram forthe two-resistor circuit. Thepotential difference across R 1 isthe same as that across R 2. (c)The resistors are replaced with asingle resistor having anequivalent resistance given by Equation 6.29.
A B
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A B
C D
F I G U R E 6 . 1 5 (Thinking Physics6.4) What happens to the lightbulbs if one fails?
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14 0 V
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14.0 V e
b
4.0
10.0 V 6.0
f
I 2
c
I 3
I 1
2 0 d a I
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(a)
I 1
I 2
I 3
(b)
Flow inFlow out
Resistor
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+
Battery
Capacitor
Switch
(a)
(b)
S
t < 0
R
C
(c) t > 0
R
S
I q + q
Figure 6.22
(a) A capacitor in series with a
resistor, switch, and battery.(b) Circuit diagram represen-ting this system at time t < 0,before the switch is closed. (c)Circuit diagram at time . t > 0,after the switch has beenclosed.
q
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q
t
C
0.632C
(a)
I
=RC
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Switch Battery
C
Figure Q6.15
7 00
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9.00 4.00
10.0
7.00
b a
Figure P6.25
100
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2.00
18.0 V 3.00
4 00
1.00
a 100
100
b
Figure P6.27
R b
2R c d
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a
b
3R 4R
d
e
+ +
2
FigureP6.35
0.01
Livebattery
+ +
1.00 0.06Starter
Deadbattery
12 V 10 V
Figure P6.36
+ +
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A
R 1
(a)
R 2 A
R 1
(b)
R 2
F I G U R E 6 . 2 (Quick Quiz 6.6) What happens when the switch is opened?
(a)
A
R 1
R 2
(b)
A
R 1
R 2
F I G U R E 6 . 3 (Quick Quiz 6.7) What happens when the switch is closed?
(a)
+
+
++
+
++
(b) (c) (d)
F I G U R E 6 . 1 (Quick Quiz 6.1) Four groups of charges move through a region.