Chapter 18

Elizabethan England to Civil WarHenry VIII (1509-1547)Tudor KingCatholic turned ProtestantCatholicWife: Catherine of AragonDaughter: Mary I (Bloody)ProtestantWife: Anne BoleynDaughter: Elizabeth IWife Jane SeymourSon: Edward VI

3 More wives followed

All 3 children served on the throne of England

King Edward IV (1547-1553)Son of Henry VIII from Jane SeymourProtestantFirst Heir to throne after Henry VIII

Queen Mary I - Bloody Mary (1553-1558) Restored CatholicismMarried Philip II, Son of Charles V of Spain Persecuted Protestants

4Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)The Virgin Queen never marriesBut marries EnglandProtestant - AnglicanDefeats Catholic Philip II and the Spanish ArmadaPasses Act of UniformityAct of SupremacyExecutes her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots (Catholic)Needs $, Joint-stock co.

5

Mary Queen of Scots (1542-1567)Executed by ElizabethConspired against Elizabeth, though she was Elizabeths cousinFought against John Knox (Presbyterian)Roman CatholicThe Reformation in England6

James VI Becomes James I (1603-1625)

Son of Mary Stuart, only relative to Elizabeth able to be heirBelieved in Divine Right of KingsClashes with ParliamentHe thought he was above asking parliament for $Absolute RulerPuritans again asked for reformLike Elizabeth, Church is Monarchs business, not parliament

Charles I (1625-1649)

Son of James IDivine RightForced to sign Petition of RightDissolved Parliament and avoided them for 11 yearsReligion finally led to Civil WarArchbishop William Laud (Scots must follow Church of England)Charles needed $ to fight Scots, so he had to call ParliamentParliament passed laws to limit kings powersCharles stormed parliament with soldiersEngland divided!

Puritan RevolutionCavaliers v RoundheadsRoundheads win and try Charles I for treasonHe is convicted and beheaded

CavaliersV.Roundheads

Cromwell the Military Dictator

1649-1658First constitution in a European NationClaimed to be a RepublicNo merrymaking!Led massacre in Ireland when they attempted to gain freedom The English wanted a King again!

Restoration Monarchy

Charles IISon of Charles INO Divine RightTheater, Arts & Merrymaking restoredHabeas CorpusArgument over religionRise of political partiesWhigs (Against James II)Tories (For James II)James IISon of Charles IClaimed Divine RightCatholic (even Tories abandoned him)Due to fear that he would enforce Catholicism as the new state religion Whigs and Tories planned to replace James

The Glorious RevolutionA Bloodless Transition of PowerWilliam & MaryWilliam of Orange (Protestant prince of the Netherlands)Mary (Protestant daughter from James IIs first wife)Compromise with Parliament for Limited MonarchyEnglish Bill of RightsNo suspending parliaments lawsNo taxes without parliaments approval Freedom of speech for parliamentariansNo standing army in time of peaceNo excessive bail

Early Enlightenment: Philosophers

Thomas HobbesInfluence: Beheading of Charles INature of Man: Evil, Stupid, Self-servingGovernment: Absolute MonarchAuthor of: Leviathan

John LockeInfluence: Glorious RevolutionNature of Man: Innately good and capable of reasonGovernment: DemocracyThomas Jefferson