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October-December 2017Number 4Volume 8
EMBASE
by Sde cr oe pv uo sC
SCOPUS IJPHRD CITATION SCORE
Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development
Scopus coverage years: from 2010 to 2016 Publisher:
R.K. Sharma, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications
ISSN:0976-0245E-ISSN: 0976-5506 Subject area: Medicine:
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
CiteScore 2015- 0.02
SJR 2015- 0.105
SNIP 2015- 0.034
Number 12 December 2018
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & DevelopmentEXECUTIVE EDITOR
Prof Vidya SurwadeAssociate Professor, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar,Medical College & Hospital, Rohinee, Delhi
INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD1. Dr. Abdul Rashid Khan B. Md Jagar Din, (Associate Professor) Department of Public Health Medicine, Penang Medical College, Penang, Malaysia2. Dr. V Kumar (Consulting Physician) Mount View Hospital, Las Vegas, USA3. Basheer A. Al-Sum, Botany and Microbiology Deptt, College of Science, King Saud University,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia4. Dr. Ch Vijay Kumar (Associate Professor) Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Buraimi, Oman5. Dr. VMC Ramaswamy (Senior Lecturer)
Department of Pathology, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur6. Kartavya J. Vyas (Clinical Researcher)
Department of Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA (USA)
7. Prof. PK Pokharel (Community Medicine) BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal
NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE1. Dr. Anju Ade (Associate Professor)
Navodaya Medical College, Raichur,Karnataka2. Dr. E. Venkata Rao (Associate Professor) Community Medicine,
Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Orissa.3. Dr. Amit K. Singh (Associate Professor) Community Medicine,
VCSG Govt. Medical College, Srinagar – Garhwal, Uttarakhand4. Dr. R G Viveki (Professor & Head) Community Medicine,
Belgaum Institute of Medical Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka5. Dr. Santosh Kumar Mulage (Assistant Professor)
Anatomy, Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences Raichur(RIMS), Karnataka6. Dr. Gouri Ku. Padhy (Associate Professor) Community and Family
Medicine, AII India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur7. Dr. Ritu Goyal (Associate Professor)
Anaesthesia, Sarswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Panchsheel Nagar8. Dr. Anand Kalaskar (Associate Professor)
Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, AP9. Dr. Md. Amirul Hassan (Associate Professor)
Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Ambedkar Nagar, UP10. Dr. N. Girish (Associate Professor) Microbiology, VIMS&RC, Bangalore11. Dr. BR Hungund (Associate Professor) Pathology, JNMC, Belgaum.12. Dr. Sartaj Ahmad (Assistant Professor),
Medical Sociology, Department of Community Medicine, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Meerut,Uttar Pradesh, India
13. Dr Sumeeta Soni (Associate Professor) Microbiology Department, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat,India
NATIONAL EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD1. Prof. Sushanta Kumar Mishra (Community Medicine)
GSL Medical College – Rajahmundry, Karnataka2. Prof. D.K. Srivastava (Medical Biochemistry)
Jamia Hamdard Medical College, New Delhi3. Prof. M Sriharibabu (General Medicine) GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry,
Andhra Pradesh4. Prof. Pankaj Datta (Principal & Prosthodentist)
Indraprastha Dental College, Ghaziabad
NATIONAL EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD5. Prof. Samarendra Mahapatro (Pediatrician)
Hi-Tech Medical College, Bhubaneswar, Orissa6. Dr. Abhiruchi Galhotra (Additional Professor) Community and Family
Medicine, AII India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur7. Prof. Deepti Pruthvi (Pathologist) SS Institute of Medical Sciences &
Research Center, Davangere, Karnataka8. Prof. G S Meena (Director Professor)
Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi9. Prof. Pradeep Khanna (Community Medicine)
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana10. Dr. Sunil Mehra (Paediatrician & Executive Director)
MAMTA Health Institute of Mother & Child, New Delhi
11. Dr Shailendra Handu, Associate Professor, Phrma, DM (Pharma, PGI Chandigarh)
12. Dr. A.C. Dhariwal: Directorate of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Dte. DGHS, Ministry of Health Services, Govt. of India, Delhi
Print-ISSN: 0976-0245-Electronic-ISSN: 0976-5506, Frequency: Quarterly (Four issues per volume)Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development is a double blind peer reviewed international journal. It deals with all aspects of Public Health including Community Medicine, Public Health, Epidemiology, Occupational Health, Environmental Hazards, Clinical Research, and Public Health Laws and covers all medical specialties concerned with research and development for the masses. The journal strongly encourages reports of research carried out within Indian continent and South East Asia.
The journal has been assigned International Standards Serial Number (ISSN) and is indexed with Index Copernicus (Poland). It is also brought to notice that the journal is being covered by many international databases. The journal is covered by EBSCO (USA), Embase, EMCare & Scopus database. The journal is now part of DST, CSIR, and UGC consortia.
Website : www.ijphrd.com©All right reserved. The views and opinions expressed are of the authors and not of the Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. The journal does not guarantee directly or indirectly the quality or efcacy of any product or service featured in the advertisement in the journal, which are purely commercial.
EditorDr. R.K. Sharma
Institute of Medico-legal PublicationsLogix Office Tower, Unit No. 1704, Logix City Centre Mall,
Sector- 32, Noida - 201 301 (Uttar Pradesh)
Printed, published and owned byDr. R.K. Sharma
Institute of Medico-legal PublicationsLogix Office Tower, Unit No. 1704, Logix City Centre Mall,
Sector- 32, Noida - 201 301 (Uttar Pradesh)
Published atInstitute of Medico-legal Publications
Logix Office Tower, Unit No. 1704, Logix City Centre Mall, Sector- 32, Noida - 201 301 (Uttar Pradesh)
XXV
469.CriticalDiscourseAnalysisofPoliticalEconomicsofMediaCoverageonSabdarajaontheSuccession inYogyakartaEmpirebyKedaulatanRakyatDailyNewspaper,Yogyakarta,EditionsofMay2015....2647
Sutopo, Diah Rukmini
470.ExaminingtheInnovativeMindsofTakafulConsumers:TheCaseofMalaysia...................................2652Rusni Hassan, Salina Kassim, Hafiz Majdi, Syed Ahmed Salman
471.FeasibilityofIntroducingTakaful(IslamicInsurance)inIndiafromtheperspectiveof IslamicFinanceExperts..........................................................................................................................2656
Syed Ahmed Salman, Rusni Hassan, Adnan Yusoff
472.PlanningProcessDevelopmentofCultivationFisherybasedMinapolitaninMalangDistrict..............2662Trisnawati
473.MotivationFactorsofInternet-SupportedLearningEnvironment(ISLE)among MalaysianUniversityStudents................................................................................................................2667
N. Z. Ismail, M. R. Ismail
474.PerformanceAnalysisofMachineLearningBasedClassifiersfortheDiagnosisof LungCancer&Comparison....................................................................................................................2672
Arun B. Mathews, M. K. Jeyakumar
475.AStudyonCustomerSatisfactionofBankingServiceswithReferenceto StateBankofIndiainChengalpattutBranch..........................................................................................2679
V Murugan
476.TheLevelandDimensionsofResilienceofTraineeTeachersatTeacher EducationInstituteofMalaysia...............................................................................................................2685
Kamarul Md Shah, Farah Mukhtar
477.TransformationtheRoleofGovernmentinSolidWasteManagementin MalaysiathroughLocalAgenda21(LA21)............................................................................................2690
Siti Aisyah Saat, Rahaya Md Jamin, Roseliza Mat Alipiah, Nurul Izzwani Md Khairuddin
478.ReligiousIntegrationamongCounsellingPraticumStudents.................................................................2696Mazidah Mohd Dagang, Raja Zirwatul Aida Raja Ibrahim, Azlina Abu Bakar Mohamad, Siti Nazilah Mat Ali
479.MediatingEffectofEnterpriseRiskManagementonQualityCommunicationand PerformanceofMalaysianPublicHigherEducationalInstitution:AConceptualFramework..............2702
Ummu Ajirah Abdul Rauf, Nusaibah Mansor, Juhaini Jabar
480.MedicalDiagnosisBasedonIOTusingArduino....................................................................................2708U. Sadhana, P. Haritha, P. Preeti Prasada
Examining the Innovative Minds of Takaful Consumers: The Case of Malaysia
Rusni Hassan1, Salina Kassim1,HafizMajdi2, Syed Ahmed Salman3
1Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance (IIiBF), 2Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM); 3Senior Lecturer at Faculty of Business and
Accountancy, Lincoln University College, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Objective: ThisstudyaimstoexaminethefactorsthatwillaffectMalaysianconsumerstoparticipateinTakaful.
Analysis: Outofthe600questionnairesthatweresenttoconsumersingreaterMalaysiai.e.KualaLumpurandSelangor,wereceived503questionnaires.Thesampleisrandomlyselectedfromtheknownpopulation.Thetotalof35questionsareconstructedtoknowthedeterminantstochoosenewproductsbytherespondents.
Method: New product adoption theory is used in developing the questionnaire. In this, questions areorganisedintosevengroups,namely,(a)costvs.benefit,(b)accessability,availabilityandservicequality,(c)productfeatures,(d)reputationofthecompany,(e)attributesofagent,(f)marketingandpromotionand(g)socialandreligiousfactors.ThedatacollectedfromrespondentsweresubjectedtoexploratoryfactoranalysisbasedonPrincipalComponentAnalysis(PCA)throughvarimaxrotation.Thiswasperformedinordertoreducethedatatoamanageablesize.
Findings: The findings show that, three predictors out seven predictors significantly contributed to themodelandthesearesocialandreligiousfactors,productfeatures,andmarketingandpromotion.
Result: It can be said that,marketing, social and religion and product features are themost importantanddominantfactorsthatcaninfluenceMalaysianconsumerstoadoptandparticipateinTakafulproducts.Takafuloperatorsshouldenhancetheirmarketingstrategyandsimplifytheproductfeaturestocapturetheuntouchedmarket.
Keywords: Takaful, Affecting Factors, Consumers and Malaysia
INTRODUCTION
Takaful is a social and ethical insurancebasedonthe principles of Taʿāwun (cooperation)[1] and Tabarru (donation) where the risk is shared collectively bymembersofapolicy.TheconceptofTakafulisprovidingfinancial assistance to the participants on a basis ofmutual assistance, brotherhood and solidarity if theparticipantsfacemisfortune.Takaful[2]operationbeginswiththeformationofcontractwhereapersonchoosestobecomeaparticipantandtomutuallyhelpeachother,specificallywhenanyoftheparticipantsfacesadefinedloss. The participants[3] have to set aside certain portion ofmoneytoacommonfundasacontribution.Insteadofheavilydependingoncommercialfactorsperse,Takafulcelebrates mutual co-operation[4] socially and legally betweentheparticipants.
PhaseI(from1984to1992):TheTakafulAct1984orTA1984waslegislatedandbecamethemainreferencefor regulatory lawofTakaful.Amongothers,TA1984wasessentialprovidedfor(i) theTakafulbusinessandtheregistrationoftheTakafuloperators;(ii)theroles[5] of Shari’ahCommittees;and(iii)theShari’ahcompliancenature[6] of the various business operations under theTakafuloperators.
PhaseII(from1993to2000):duringthisphase, theregulators allowed the introduction of competition byallowing the establishment of another Takaful operator.SuchcompetitionisvitaltoflourishinMalaysianindustry[7].
Phase III (from 2001 to 2010): The FinancialSector Masterplan or FSMP was introduced in 2001.
DOI Number: 10.5958/0976-5506.2018.02116.2
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, December 2018, Vol.9, No. 12 2653
SpecificallyreferringtotheTakafulindustry[8],FSMP’sobjectiveistoenhancethecapacityofTakafuloperatorsby strengthening the legal[9], Shari’ah and regulatoryframeworkfortheentireTakafulindustry.
LITERATURE REVIEW
TheprimaryfocusofthisliteraturereviewisadetailanalysisofTakafulinMalaysiaandothercountries.Thedataistakenfromcredibleresearchersandtheresearchfindings are recent andquite relevant to the subject athand. The research is based on two different aspectsofTakaful industry; one aspect is the demand side ofMalaysian Takaful market and the other assesses theknowledge,awareness,ethicalityofagents,accounting,andunderwriting[10],etc.ofTakafulindustry.
Kasim et al. (2016), states that Takaful is basedonIslamicethicsandhence,itexcludesthepracticeofinterest,uncertaintyandgamblingfromTakaful.TheseelementsareprohibitednotonlyfromtheteachingsofIslam,butalsofromotherreligionssuchasChristianity,JudaismHinduism,Sikhism,andBuddhism.TheyaddedthatTakafulisfitforeveryoneirrespectiveoffaith,anditisaproductbasedoncooperativenaturewithmutualhelp and harmony.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
New product adoption theory is used in developing thequestionnaire.Bothprimaryandsecondary data have been used. Primary dataare collected by survey questionnaires fromconsumersinMalaysia.Secondarydatathatwasusedinthisresearchincludesarticles,booksandinternet resources.
FINDINGS
The Perception of Consumers on Takaful: Innovation playsasignificantroleforthesuccessoftheoperatorsbecauseTakafulisofferingattractivebenefitscomparedtoconventionalinsurance.Amongtheconsumers67.22%said thatTakaful isan innovativeproductand26.61%saidthatsomewhatTakafulisinnovativewhereasonly6.16%saidthatitisnotinnovative.
Lookingforwardtothefuture,theTakafulindustryneeds to maintain their relevancy and strive to move
towards sustainability. While learning from theexperiences of conventional insurances, innovationsneedtobeconsideredbythestakeholdersoftheTakafulindustry. Not only looking into the advancement ofcurrenttechnology,innovationsinTakafulindustrycanbeversatileandflexible.
Mean values of Respondents’ Innovative Mind:Table2showsthepercentoftherespondents’innovativemind.To explore the innovative mind of the respondents, afive-pointLikert-scaleisusedrangingfrom1=stronglydisagreed to5=stronglyagreed,and tenquestionsareasked. The questions are constructed to examine theinnovativeattitudeoftherespondents,andallthemeanvalues are more than 3.4.
Mean Values of Factors in Choosing New Products
CostvsBenefit:Table3showsthemeanvaluesofthedeterminants to choose new products.The total of 35questions are constructed to know the determinants tochoosenewproductsbytherespondents.Thesequestionsare organized into seven groups, namely, (a) cost vs.benefit,(b)accessibility,availabilityandservicequality,(c)productfeatures,(d)reputationofthecompany,(e)attributeofagent,(f)marketingandpromotion.
Accessibility, Availability and Service quality:Table4showsthemeanvaluesofthedeterminantstochoosenew products. The five questions are constructed foraccessibility,availabilityandservicequality.Moreover,thebestmeanvalueintheaccessibility,availabilityandservicequalityis4.2forthreestatements“Iliketogeteasyaccesstotheservicee.g.:availabilityofbranches.
Product features:Table5showsthemeanvaluesofthedeterminantstochoosenewproducts.Thefivequestionsare constructed for product features. “I want clearillustrationsonthebenefitsoftheproducts”andlowestis4fortwostatements“IchoosetheproductthatiswellknowninthemarketandIchoosetheproductifIgetthesamebenefitsasmyexistingplan”.Allthemeanvaluesbetterthangood.
Reputation of the company:Table6showsthemeanvalues of the determinants to choose new products.The five questions are constructed for the reputationof thecompany.Moreover, thebestmeanvalue in thereputation of the company is 4.1 for three statements “Ichoose theproductbasedon itsbrand, Ichoose theproduct if it is ethical and I choose the product if the companyisactiveinthecorporatesocialresponsibility”.
2654 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, December 2018, Vol.9, No. 12
Attributes of agents:Table 7 shows themeanvaluesof the determinants to choose new products. The fivequestions are constructed for the attributes of agents.Moreover, the best mean value in the attributes ofagents.is4.2forallthestatements.Therefore,itcanbeconcluded that all the mean values are very good.
Marketing and Promotion: Table 8 shows themeanvalues of the determinants to choose new products.The five questions are constructed for marketing andpromotion. Moreover, the best mean value in themarketingandpromotion.is4.0for“Ichoosetheproductif the brochures provide clear, attractive and reliableinformation” and lowest is 3.6 for three statements “Ichoose theproduct if the advertisement is everywhere(e.g.: e-advertising, television and radio, I choose theproduct if the product is promoted through agent and I choosetheproductiftheproductisofferedthroughthecompany’sbranch”.
Social and Religious Factors:Table9showsthemeanvaluesofthedeterminantstochoosenewproducts.Thefive questions are constructed for social and religiousfactors.Moreover,thebestmeanvalueinthesocialandreligiousfactorsis4.0for“Ichoosetheproductbecauseitisethicalandfair”andlowestis3.1for“Myemployerchoosestheproductforme”.
FACTOR ANALYSIS
Thedatacollectedfromrespondentsweresubjectedto exploratory factor analysis based on PrincipalComponent Analysis.
To determine the cut-off point, the researcherfollows Kaiser’s (1960)recommendation that factorswith eigenvalue of one ormore should be retained inordertoavoidnegativereliability.
Reliability Result:Followingtheconstructvaliditytestas presented above, the eight factors produced duringthe principal components analysis were further testedfor reliability using Cronbach’s alpha (α).All factors(innovation,agent,marketing,cost,product,reputation,social,andaccessibility)havedemonstratedhighinternalconsistencywithαgreaterthan0.7inmostcases.
Table 10: Reliability Statistics
S. No. Variable Cronbach’s Alpha1. Innovation .811
Conted…
2. Agent .9163. Marketing .8304. Cost .7955. Product .8806. Reputation .8207. Social .7518. Accessibility .698
Pearson Correlation: Another analysis here is correlationanalysistoshowtherelationshipbetweenthevariablesusedinthisstudy.Asshowninthebelowtable,therelationshipbetweenthevariablesrangedfrom0.289to 0.870, suggesting that there aremoderate to strongrelationshipsbetweenthevariablesusedforthisstudy.
Note:correlationof±0.1isweak,±0.3ismoderate,and± 0.5 is strong
DISCUSSION ON FINDINGS
Three predictors out of seven predictors have contributedpositivelyandsignificantlytotheinnovativemind andthesearesocialandreligiousfactors,productfeatures,andmarketingandpromotion.
Sincetheexternalfactorswereconstructedaccordingtothenewproductdiffusiontheory,thefindingsofthisresearchareinlinewithitstheoreticalexpectations,aswellaswiththefindingsofpriorresearchersofTakafuland insurance.
AccordingtoAbideen&Saleem(2011)andSallehet al. (2013),marketingcan influence theparticipant’sbehavior towards the product. Arifin et al. (2014),investigate whether product services influence on thecustomerstoengagewithTakaful.
CONCLUSION
The study has been conducted based on 503respondents which consist of 224 males (44.5%) and279females(55.5%).Toexploretheinnovativemindoftherespondentstenquestionsareasked.Thequestionsare constructed to examine the innovative attitudeof the respondents, and all themean values aremorethan3.40.The totalof35questionsareconstructed toknow thedeterminants to choosenewproductsby the
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, December 2018, Vol.9, No. 12 2655
respondents.Inadditiontothis,factoranalysishasbeendone.Moreover,theKaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)whichmeasures sample adequacy is excellent (0.932), andnone of theAnti-image correlation is less than 0.500,suggesting thatmulti-collinearity assumptionhas beensatisfied.Intermsofreliability,followingtheconstructvalidity test as presented, the eight factors producedduring the principal components analysiswere furthertestedforreliabilityusingCronbach’salpha(α).
Itcanbesaidthat,marketing,socialandreligionandproduct features are the most important and dominant factorsthatcaninfluenceMalaysianconsumerstoadoptand participate in Takaful products. Takaful operatorsshould enhance their marketing strategy and simplifythe product features to capture the untouched market.Inaddition to this, religion is themost important factorthatchangesthemindoftheconsumer.TakafuloperatorsshouldcreatetheawarenessamongMalaysianconsumersregardingTakafulproductstopenetratethemarket.
Ethical Clearance:TakenfromDepartment
Source of Funding: grant from the Asian Institute of Finance
ConflictofInterest: No
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The {Examining the InnovativeMinds ofTakafulConsumers: The Case of Malaysia} has been madepossible in part by a grant from theAsian Institute ofFinance.”
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