0

Emission Reduction by Maintaining and Improving Energy Efficiency in Coal-fired Power Plant

Symposium on Japan - Czech future comprehensive cooperation of Energy and Environment Sector

May 4, 2009, Prague

1

CO2 Emission in Czech Republic

4CO2 emission from coal-fired power/heat generation represents 46% of total CO2 emission in energy sector in Czech Republic

35.5%

45.6%

0

50

100

150

200

250

1990 1995 2000 2005

GHG

emiss

ion

(MtC

O2)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Ratio

of a

/b

d. Other GHG

c. CO2 from Non-energy Sector

b. CO2 Energy Sector other than Coal-fired Power/Heata. CO2 from Coal-fired Power/Heat

Ratio of CO2 from Coal-fired Power/Heatto Energy Sector CO2 （a/b）

Source: UNFCCC GHG Inventory Data

2

COAL59.1%

GAS2.4%

Nuclear24.8%

Hydro13.3%

OIL0.0%

Others0.3%

Total InstalledCapacity:15.16GW

2006

Energy Resource for Power Generation in Czech Republic

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1990 2000 2002 2005 2006 2007e

TWh

OthersHydroNuclearGASOILCOAL

4 In Czech Republic, coal is the most major energy resource for electricity generation, as coal is domestic energy resource. Share of coal is about 60% both in the electricity generation (TWh) and the installed capacity (GW)

Source: Electricity Information 2008, IEA

Electricity Generation by Energy Resource in Czech Republic

3

Change of Energy Resources for Power Generation in Japan

5% 5% 10% 18% 25%

71%

43% 26% 9%9%

2%

15%22%

26%26%

3%17% 27% 34% 30%

17% 17% 12% 10% 9%2% 3% 2% 2% 1%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1973 1980 1990 2000 2006

OthersHydroNuclearLNGOilCoal

379 485 738 940 996 [TWh]

4 In Japan, oil used to be the major primary energy resource for power generation before the oil crisis

4 Coal has increased its share to 25% since Matsushima Power Station was built in 1981 as the first imported-coal based power plant, and as the large scale coal-fired power plant (500MW x 2) in Japan

Source: Transition of Power Generation Mix of General Electricity Utilities, “Overview of Electric Power Development 2007”, METI

Transition of Electricity Generation Composition by Energy Resources in Japan

4

3.3

1.2

3.4

1.61.4 1.4

3.4 3.5

0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6

0.2 0.20.01

0.06

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0

米国（2005）

カナダ（2005）

英国（2005）

フランス（2005）

ドイツ（2005）

イタリア（2005）

日本（2007）

磯子（2007）

硫黄酸化物(SOx)窒素酸化物(NOx)

〔g/ kWh〕

Advanced Clean Coal Technology for Coal-fired Power Generation

4 Clean coal technology in Japan has been developed intensively to lead other developed countries, to the extent that SOx and NOx emission level is as almost gas-fired level with the most advanced CCT technology in Isogo Power Station.

SOx and NOx emission in coal-fired power generation

USA Canada UK France Germany Italy Japan Isogo

Sulfur Oxide (SOx)Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)

Source: Federation of Electric Power Companies, Japan (actual data for Isogo)

J-POWER’s Isogo Power Station

5

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

J- POWER

Germany

UK

USA

India

China

Trends of Energy Efficiency in World’s Coal-Fired Power Generation

4 Japan’s coal-fired power plants has maintained world-leading energy efficiency4 Energy efficiency improvement has been gradually but continuously achieved

by persistent research and development

Energy Efficiency at generation end (LHV)

Source： Ecofys Comparison of Power Efficiency on Grid Level 2007 (actual data for J-POWER)

6

MatsuuraMatsuura((NagasakiNagasaki))#1 1,000MW(1990)#2 1,000MW(1997)

TakasagoTakasago((HyogoHyogo))#1 250MW(1968)#2 250MW(1969)

IsogoIsogo ((YokohamaYokohama))New #1 600MW(2002)New #2 600MW(2009)

TachibanawanTachibanawan((TokushimaTokushima))#1 1,050MW(2000)#2 1,050MW(2000)

TakeharaTakehara((HiroshimaHiroshima))#1 250MW(1967)#2 350MW(1995)#3 700MW(1983)

IshikawaIshikawa((OkinawaOkinawa))#1 156MW(1986)#2 156MW(1987)

MatsushimaMatsushima((NagasakiNagasaki))#1 500MW(1981)#2 500MW(1981)

Steam Condition shown as-Sub Critical-Super Critical-Ultra Super Critical (USC)

4J-POWER owns 7 coal-fired power plants with the total Installed capacity of 7812MW (including 3700MW of USC), and another 600MW (Isogo unit#2) will come on line in July, 2009.

J-POWER’s Coal-fired Power Plants

7

(Note) “Sub-Critica” means the steam condition with the main/reheat steam pressure under 22.1MPa“Super Critical’’ means the steam condition with the main/reheat steam pressure over 22.1MPa and steam temperature under 566 degrees (C)“Ultra Super Critical’’ means the steam condition with the main/reheat steam temperature over 566 degrees (C)

Transition of Energy Efficiency of J-POWER’s Coal-fired Power Plants

Super Critical Ultra Super CriticalSub-Critical (Drum Type Boiler）

Improvement of Energy Efficiency by■ Upgrading Steam Condition■ Scaling-up of Installed Capacity

TAKEHARA #１( 250MW)

TAKASAGO( 250MW× 2U)

MATSUSHI MA( 500MW× 2U)

TAKEHARA #３700MW

I SHI KAWA( 156MW× 2U)

MATSUURA #１( 1000MW) MATSUURA #2

( 1000MW)

TACHI BANA( 1050MW× 2U)

I SOGO NEW #１（600MW）

35

40

45

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Des

ign

Ther

mal

Effi

cien

cy （

％, g

ener

atin

g en

d, H

HV

Bas

e）

Transition of Single Coal-Fired Power Plant Capacity

1000ＭＷ（1990）

700ＭＷ（1983）

500ＭＷ（1981）

10５０ＭＷ（2000）

Super Critical Ultra Super CriticalSub-Critical (Drum Type Boiler）

Improvement of Energy Efficiency by■ Upgrading Steam Condition■ Scaling-up of Installed Capacity

TAKEHARA #１( 250MW)

TAKASAGO( 250MW× 2U)

MATSUSHI MA( 500MW× 2U)

TAKEHARA #３700MW

I SHI KAWA( 156MW× 2U)

MATSUURA #１( 1000MW) MATSUURA #2

( 1000MW)

TACHI BANA( 1050MW× 2U)

I SOGO NEW #１（600MW）

35

40

45

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Des

ign

Ther

mal

Effi

cien

cy （

％, g

ener

atin

g en

d, H

HV

Bas

e）

Transition of Single Coal-Fired Power Plant Capacity

1000ＭＷ（1990）

700ＭＷ（1983）

500ＭＷ（1981）

10５０ＭＷ（2000）

8

Takasago Power Station250MW x 2units of coal-fired power station located in Hyogo

Steam Condition (main steam/reheat steam)4 Pressure: 16.57 / 3.38 MPa4 Temperature: 566 / 538 degrees (C)

Historical Event4 Jul. 1968 Unit #1 commissioned, 250MW for domestic coal4 Jan. 1969 Unit #2 commissioned, 250MW for domestic coal4 Feb. 1975 Commencement of #1 FGD (1st Full Scale FGD in Japan)4 Mar. 1976 Commencement of #2 FGD4 2001 Switched to imported coal due to closure of domestic coal minesNow, more than 80% of coal is imported.

Efficiency Maintenance in an Old Coal-fired Power Plant

9

Kansai Electric Power co., Ltd.

now Demolishing

Total: 13ha

#1/#2 Boiler & Power House

#1/#2 ESP & FGD

3 Coal Unloaders & Coal Storage Yard

Waste Water Treatment Facility

Takasago Power Station

10

High Performance Maintained for 40 Years

Life Time Performance:4Gross Generating Efficiency (LHV) 37~38%4Capacity Factor = 73%4Number of Trips & Forced Outages in 40 years

= 67 (about 1.8 times/year)Current Performance:4Gross Energy Efficiency (LHV): 38.5% (FY2005), 38.6% (FY2006)4Capacity Factor: 86.3% (FY2005), 82.6% (FY2006)4Outages Emergency Trip Zero both in FY2005 and FY2006

Planned outage 3 times both in FY2005 and FY2006

…Takasago Power Station has demonstrated high reliability and stability by managing the plant efficiency properly, maintaining facilities preventively and replacing appropriate parts and equipment.

11

Maintained Thermal Efficiency at its Designed Level

4 It is difficult to maintain the energy efficiency at its designed level over decades, but Takasago Power Station has been demonstrating that it is achievable by its 40 years operational record

20

30

35

36

37

38

39

40Thermal Efficiency (%, HHV)

0 10 20 30 40Year since Commissioning

Takasago Power Station Unit#1 & Unit#2

Coal-fired Plant in Country-X

Designed Efficiency

Efficiency Degradation

Source: Federation of Electric Power Companies, Japan (actual data for Takasago)

12

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Annual TotalEfficiency Unit #1 Unit #2

Ut ilizat ionFactor

HP/LP turbine replaced Condenser tubes replaced

Economizer replacedEnergy Efficiency (annual average)

Capacity Factor

Dedicated Maintenance based on Diagnosis

Capacity Factor

4 Takasago PS (2 x 250 MW, coal-fired) has achieved high energy efficiency, 38% (HHV, gross) as a base load plant for 40 years, by appropriate and dedicated operation and maintenance. According to periodical diagnosis of energy efficiency, deteriorated parts and equipments have been replaced with new ones.

13

Isogo Power Station265MW x 2units of coal-fired power station located in Yokohama City

Steam Condition (main steam/reheat steam4 Pressure: 16.57 / 3.21 MP4 Temperature: 566 / 566 degrees (C)

Historical Event4 May 1967 No.1 unit, commencement of commercial operation4 Sep 1969 No.2 unit, commencement of commercial operationBeing operated for more than 35 years as base load power plant

4 Sep 1996 Construction started for Replacement4 Nov 2001 Decommissioning the original No.1 and No.2 Units4 Apr 2002 New No.1 Unit, commencement of commercial operation4 Mar 2004 Demolition of the original Units finished4 Oct 2005 Construction of New No.2 Unit started4 July 2009 New No.2 Unit, Scheduled to go into commercial service

Efficiency Improvement by Replacement to a USC Plant

14

Former Isogo Power Station with old units before 1995

265MW x 2units12 ha

(30 acres)

15

Isogo Power Station with new unit#1 in 2004

600MW x 1 unit

16

Current Isogo Power Station with new unit#1 & unit#2

600MW x 2 units

17

Change of Performance before and after the replacementIsogo Coal-Fired Power Plant

commissioned in1967New Isogo Coal-Fired Power Plant

Unit #1 in 2002 and Unit#2 in 2009

3 objectivesRepoweringRepowering

Cleaner Cleaner EnvironmentEnvironment

Efficiency Efficiency ImprovementImprovement

■Generation Capacity 530MW 1200MW(264MW×2 units) (600MW×2 units)

■SOx 60ppm 20ppm (10)NOx 159ppm 20ppm (13)PM 50mg/m3N 10mg/m3N (5)

■Steam Condition Sub Critical Ultra Super CriticalEfficiency (gross % LHV) 40% 45%

■CO2 emission intensity 100 (base) 83

Numbers in ( ) are for Unit #2

New Unit#2 will be commissioned in 2009

18

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Fiscal Year

Emiss

ion

Fact

or (k

g-CO

2/kW

h, n

et)

29.0

31.0

33.0

35.0

37.0

39.0

41.0

43.0

45.0

Ener

gy E

ffici

ency

(%, g

ross

)

new unit #1 dat aOld unit #1&#2

Emission Factor

gross efficiency

net efficiency

Emission Factor

Improvement in emission factor by efficiency improvement

19

CO2 Emission Reduction Potential in Coal-fired Power Generation

4Maintaining energy efficiency by dedicated maintenance in old coal-fired power plants can effectively reduce CO2 emission that willotherwise increase according to efficiency decrease by aging

4Replacement to a USC power plant with the world-highest energy efficiency has a significant effect to reduce CO2 emission for coal-fired electricity generation

4Coal is an important primary energy for the world, and major domestic energy resource for Czech Republic, therefore we should use it efficiently as possible not only to mitigate climate change but for energy sustainability.