Employment-related social quality indicators in Taiwan

　

Employment-related social quality indicators in Taiwan

Presenter: Yun-Tung Wang (Max)

Assistant Professor in National Taiwan University Social Work Department

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Outline

1. Significance of employment 2. Employment-related social quality

indicators developed in European Union (EU) in Taiwan 3. Some other significant employment-

related indicators in Taiwan 4. Discussion

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Significance of employment (1)

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Significance of employment (2)

Unit 1991 1995 2000 2001 2005

Average disposable income per household by disposable income quintile

Lowest 20 percent NT$ 227,816 296,166 315,172 279,404 297,694

Second 20 percent NT$ 389,205 525,749 571,355 524,766 556,117

Third 20 percent NT$ 511,410 704,713 778,556 740,054 779,044

Fourth 20 percent NT$ 674,452 948,484 1,043,508 1,013,478 1,043,131

Fifth 20 percent NT$ 1,133,327 1,581,580 1,748,633 1,785,550 1,796,884

Ratio of disposable income of highest 20% to that of lowest 20%

5.0 5.3 5.6 6.4 6.0

Unemployment rate (%) 1.51 1.79 2.99 4.57 4.13

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Employment-related social quality indicators developed in EU in Taiwan

1. Social quality domains developed in EU related to employment 2. Social quality indicators in the “Work” domain of “Socio-economic security” conditional factor 3. Social quality indicators in the “Labor market ” domain of “Social inclusion” conditional factor 4. Social quality indicators in the “Labor market ” domain of “Social empowerment” conditional

factor

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Social quality domains developed in EU related to employment

Conditional factor

Socio-economic security

Social cohesion Social inclusion

Social empowerment

Domain financial resources

trust citizenship rights

knowledge base

housing and environment

other integrative norms and values

labor market labor market

health and care social networks services (public and private)

openness and supportiveness of institutions

work identity social networks

personal relations

education

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Social quality indicators in the “Work” domain of “Socio-economic security” conditional factor

Sub-domains Indicators

Employment security

Length of notice before employer can change terms and conditions of labor relation / contract

Length of notice before termination of labor contract

Proportion employed workforce with temporary, non-permanent, job contract

Proportion of workforce that is illegal

Working conditions

Number of employees that reduce work time because of interruption (parental leave, medical assistance of relative, palliative leave) as a proportion of the employees who are entitled to these kinds of work time reductions

Number of accidents at work per 100,000 employed persons

Number of hours a full-time employee typically works per week

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Employment-related social quality indicators in Taiwan : in Socio-economic security (“Work” domain) (1)

Domain: Work

Sub-domains

Indicators Taiwan’s situation Source

Employment security

Length of notice before employer can change terms and conditions of labor relation / contract

Except termination of labor contract, no Act specifies a period for changing terms and conditions of labor relation/contract.

Labor Fundamental Act

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Domain: Work

Sub-domains Indicators Taiwan’s situation Source

Employment security

Length of notice before termination of labor contract

The 16th item of the Labor Fundamental Act states that: under normal circumstances, an employer has to notify his/her employee 10/20/30 days before the termination of a labor contract if the working period of this employee is between 3 months to a year/1 to 3 years/over 3 years, respectively.Also, the 15th item of the Labor Fundamental Act states that: under normal circumstances, an employee has to notify his/her employer 10/20/30 days before the termination of a labor contract if the working period of this employee is between 3 months to a year/1 to 3 years/over 3 years, respectively.

Labor Fundamental Act

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Domain: Work

Sub-domains


Employment security

Proportion employed workforce with temporary, non-permanent, job contract

The proportion of the number of part-time workers almost kept same from 1.06% in 2000 to 1.23% in 2002 and 1.15% in 2005.

Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (2007h)

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Domain: Work


Working conditions

Number of employees that reduce work time because of interruption (parental leave, medical assistance of relative, palliative leave) as a proportion of the employees who are entitled to these kinds of work time reductions

In 2002, 0.55% of the respondents answered “usually reducing work time because of interruption (family reasons)”, 11.66% answered “sometimes reducing work time because of interruption (family reasons)”, 38.73%answered “seldom reducing work time because of interruption (family reasons)”, and 49.06%answered “never reducing work time because of interruption (family reasons)”.

Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (2003)

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Domain: Work

Sub-domains


Working conditions

Number of accidents at work per 100,000 employed persons

The occupational injuries ratio went up considerably from the 1990s to the 2000s (from 3.54% in 1992 to 4.53% in 2006). However, the disability rate/death rate from occupational injuries fell obviously from 0.62‰/0.10‰ in 1992 to 0.39‰/0.04‰ in 2006.

Council of Labor Affairs (2007)

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Domain: Work

Sub-domains


Working conditions

Number of hours a full-time employee typically works per week

The number of hours a full-time employee typically works per week kept down from 47.36 in 1993 to 46.09 in 2000 and 44.97 in 2005.

Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (2006b)

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Social quality indicators in the “Labor market ” domain of “Social inclusion” conditional factor


Access to paid employment

Long-term unemployment (12+ months)

Involuntary part-time or temporary employment

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Employment-related social quality indicators in Taiwan : in Social inclusion (“Labor Market” domain) (1)

Domain: Labor market



Long-term unemployment (12+ months)

The long-term unemployment rate has gone up from 9.9% in 1996 to 21.0% in 2003. It also subsequently decreased slightly from 21.0% in 2003 to 19.6% in 2005.

Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (2007e)

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Employment-related social quality indicators in Taiwan : in Social inclusion (“Labor Market” domain) (2)




Involuntary part-time or temporary employment

The proportion of the number of part-time workers almost kept same from 1.06% in 2000 to 1.23% in 2002 and 1.15% in 2005.

Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (2007h)

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Social quality indicators in the “Labor market ” domain of “Social empowerment” conditional factor


Control over employment contract

% of labor force that is member of a trades union (public and private employees)

Percentage of labor force covered by a collective agreement (differentiated by public and private employees)

Prospects of job mobility

Percentage of employed labor force receiving work-based training

Percentage of labor force availing of publicly provided training (not only skills based) (Please outline costs of such training if any)

Percentage of labor force participating any 'back to work scheme'

Reconciliation of work and family life (work/life balance)

Percentage of organizations operating work/life balance policies

Percentage of employed labor force actually making use of work/life balance measures (see indicator above)

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Employment-related social quality indicators in Taiwan : in Social empowerment (“Labor Market” domain)


Sub-domains


Control over employment contract

% of labor force that is member of a trades union (public and private employees)

The percentage of laborers who are the members of a trade union went down from 34.3% in 1991 to 28.3% in 2006.


Prospects of job mobility

Percentage of employed labor force receiving work-based training

The percentage of employed labor force receiving work-based training went up from 0.32% in 1991 to 0.47% in 2001, then went down to 0.20% in 2006.


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Some other significant employment-related indicators in Taiwan

1. Labor force participation rate

2. Unemployment rate

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Labor force participation rate in Taiwan (%)

Year 1991 1996 2000 2001 2005

Total 59.1 58.4 57.7 57.2 57.8

Male 73.8 71.1 69.4 68.5 67.6

Female 44.4 45.8 46.0 46.1 48.1

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Unemployment rate in Taiwan (%)

Year 1991 1996 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Total 1.51 2.60 2.99 4.57 5.17 4.99 4.44 4.13 3.81

Male 1.50 2.72 3.36 5.16 5.91 5.51 4.83 4.31 3.94

Female 1.53 2.42 2.44 3.71 4.10 4.25 3.89 3.88 3.65

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Discussion

1. In the social quality approach, why some same/very similar indicators are classified in different conditional factors ?

(Ex: Proportion employed workforce with temporary, non-permanent, job contract in “socio-economic security” & Involuntary part-time or temporary employment in “social inclusion”)

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Thank you very much

for your attention !

Documents

Employment-related social quality indicators in Taiwan