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U
o
enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciSeswavla, swavleba, Sefaseb
npnynbsfcfmUb!h{bnlwmf
sofi beili, Son deviti, mari-xose gremo. frenk hei
endi hopkinsi, bari jounsi, maik maqoSi, filip ril
jei stoqsi da jon Trimi (redaqtori)
!
Language Policy Division, Strasbourg
enobrivi politikis ganyofileba, stras
evropis sabW
ebi: a
wj!
vorti,
i,
burgi
Language Policy Division
DG IV – Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education
Council of Europe, Strasbourg enobrivi politikis ganyofileba IV gany. - evropis sabWos skolis, skolis Semdgomi da umaRlesi ganaTlebis direqtorati, strasburgi
www.coe.int / lang
© Council of Europe, 2003
© `saimedo~, 2008
Targmani ani mebukisa
redaqtori: marika oZeli
naSromi iTargmna evropis sabWos enobrivi politikis
ganyofilebisa da `samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSoris urTierTobebis
centris~ erToblivi proeqtis (`konceptualuri masalis Targmna
multilingvuri swavlebis xelSesawyobad~) farglebSi.
gamomcemloba `saimedo~
2
Tbilisi, 2008
Sinaarsi
Ufnb!J!. yvela momxmareblisaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5
Tavi 1 _ gzamkvlevi yvela momxmareblisaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6
nawili 1 _ kompetenciebi politikur da
saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
6
nawili 2 _ SerCeuli midgoma - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17
nawili 3 _ zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi _ - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - 20
nawili 4 _ enis gamoyeneba da enis momxmarebeli / Semswavleli - - - - - -
-
23
nawili 5 _ momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetenciebi - - - - - - - - - - -
- -
30
nawili 6 _ enis swavlisa da swavlebis procesebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39
nawili 7 _ davalebebi da maTi roli enis swavlebaSi - - - - - - - - - - - - 45
nawili 8 _ enobrivi mravalferovneba da kurikulumi - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45
nawili 9 _ Sefaseba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47
Ufnb!JJ; swavla / swavlebis procesis uSualo monawileTaTvis - - - - - - -
-
51
Tavi 2 _ gzamkvlevi zrdasruli SemswavlelebisaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - 52
nawili 1 _ moTxovnaTa analizi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52
nawili 2 _ gagebisa da gamoxatvis unarebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 54
nawili 3 _ Sromis organizacia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56
nawili 4 _ meTodologia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 62
nawili 5 _ Sefaseba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69
nawili 6 _ swavlis nairsaxeobani - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 71
Tavi 3 _ gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisa da SemswavlelTaTvis - - - - - - - - - 74
nawili 1 _ komunikaciis aspeqtebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 75
nawili 2 _ unarebi da kompetenciebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 80
nawili 3 _ enis gamoyenebis codna - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 84
nawili 4 _ davalebebi da teqstebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 87
nawili 5 _ enis Seswavla da swavleba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 91
3
Tavi 4 _ gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisa da maswavlebelTa
trenerebisaTvis (dawyebiTi da saSualo ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
100
nawili 1 _ kompetenciebi politikur da saganmanaTleblo
konteqstSi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
101
nawili 2 _ SerCeuli midgoma - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 102
nawili 3 _ zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 107
nawili 4 _ enis gamoyeneba da enis momxmarebeli / Semswavleli - - - - - -
-
107
nawili 5 _ momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetenciebi - - - - - - - - - - -
- -
115
nawili 6 _ enis Seswavla da enis swavleba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 117
nawili 7 _ davalebebi da maTi roli enis swavlebaSi - - - - - - - - - - - - 125
nawili 8 _ enobrivi mravalferovneba da kurikulumi - - - - - - - - - - - - - 127
nawili 9 _ Sefaseba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 128
Ufnb!JJJ; enobrivi ganaTlebis dagegmvaSi, organizebaSi, miwodebasa da
xarisxis SefasebaSi monawileTaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
137
Tavi 5 _ kurikulumis Sedgena da mimoxilva saskolo
seqtorisaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
140
Tavi 6 _ kurikulumis organizeba da miwodeba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 154
Tavi 7 _ xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontroli
enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaSi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
166
Ufnb!JW - saswavlo masalebis SemuSavebasa da
SerCevaSi monawileTaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
187
Tavi 8 _ momxmarebelTa gzamkvlevi saxelmZRvanelosa
da masalebis avtorebze - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
188
4
Ufnb!J!
yvela momxmareblisaTvis
Sesavali
aRniSnuli gzamkvlevis mizania daxmareba gauwios enis swavlebis proc-
esSi monawile yvela adamians, enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis
zogadevropuli kompetenciebiT (kompetenciebi) srulad sargeblobisaTvis. igi
cvlis momxmarebelTa zogad gzamkvlevs (CC-LANG) da aTi specializebuli
gzamkvlevis serias (CC-LANG (96) 9-18). pirveli Tavi gaTvlilia yvela saxis
momxmarebelze. momdevno Tavebi eZRvneba calkeuli kategoriis momxmarebelTa
specifikur interesebs. Tavi 2 gaTvlilia saklaso oTaxSi enis swavlebis proc-
esSi uSualod monawile pirebze: maswavleblebze, maswavlebelTa trenerebze da
garkveuli kuTxiT, TviT enis Semswavlelebzec. Tavi 3 eZRvneba pirebs, romle-
bic moRvaweoben saklaso oTaxis farglebs gareT, magram romelTa gadawy-
vetilebebic mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens saklaso oTaxSi mimdinare
procesze: aRmasrulebeli pirebi ganaTlebis sferoSi, administratorebi, or-
ganizatorebi da kurikulumis SemuSavebasa da xarisxis kontrolTan dakavSire-
buli pirebi. Tavi 4 megzurobas sTavazobs yvelas, vinc monawileobs enis sax-
elmZRvaneloebis da sxvadasxva saswavlo masalebis SemuSavebaSi. Tavi 5
gaTvlilia enis SemswavlelTa ufrosi asakis kategoriaze, romelsac uSualod
SeuZlia kompetenciebiT sargebloba. savaraudod, am gzamkvleviT isargebleben
skolis moswavleebic maswavlebelTa uSualo SuamdgomlobiT da amitom maT
exebaT Tavi 2.
momxmarebelTa umravlesoba SeiZleba erTdroulad ramdenime kategorias
mivakuTvnoT. skolis inspeqtorebi, ra Tqma unda, dakavSirebulni arian xarisxis
kontrolTan. maT SeiZleba gaaCndeT sxva administraciuli funqciebi, magram
uSualo Sexeba aqvT saklaso meTodologiasTan. xSiria praqtikosi maswavle-
blebis mowvevac, saxelmZRvaneloebis damatebiTi masalebiT Sevsebisa da
calkeuli administraciuli funqciebis Sesasruleblad, rac moicavs kuriku-
lumebis kontrolsa da xarisxis uzrunvelyofas. Tavebi 2-5 ormagi funqciis
matarebelia. pirveli saxavs gzebs momxmarebelTa mier profesiul saqmianobaSi
kompetenciebiT sargeblobisaTvis. meore arsebuli standartis danamatia, konk-
retul specialobasTan specifikuri misadagebis TvalsazrisiT.
5
Ubwj!J!
jon trimi
h{bnlwmfwj!zwfmb!npnynbsfcmjtbUwjt!!
axla SegviZlia kompetenciebi ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT _ Tavebisa
da ganyofilebebis Tanamimdevrobis mixedviT. aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemuli Tavi
eyrdnoba kompetenciebis Tanamimdevrobasa da numeracias. Sesabamisad, 6.1.3.4. Sem-
degnairad iSifreba: Tavi 6, punqti 1, qvepunqti 3. saTauri 4.
ucxo enis flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi:
Seswavla, swavleba, Sefaseba
Sesavali
kompetenciebis Sesavali gverdebi moicavs, upirveles yovlisa, sarCevs
gverdebis numeraciiT. Sesaval SeniSvnaSi moxseniebulia yvela piri da dawese-
buleba, romlebmac sakuTari wvlili Seitanes kompetenciebis SemuSavebaSi
drois 10-wlian monakveTSi. momdevno sami gverdi SeniSvnebiT momxmareblisaTvis,
wakiTxul unda iqnes mocemuli gzamkvlevis gacnobamde. dabolos, Tavebis Si-
naarsisa da danarTebis mimoxilva miTiTebas gvaZlevs, Tu sad moviZioT esa Tu
is informacia. aRniSnuliT sargebloba momxmareblebs SeuZliaT wignis dakaba-
donebis principebTan gacnobis procesSic.
nawili 1: kompetenciebi politikur da saganmanaTleblo
konteqstSi
pirveli Tavic Sesavlis xasiaTs atarebs, rac momxmarebels naTel war-
modgenas uqmnis zogadad kompetenciebsa da mis miznebze, aseve, mis adgilze ev-
ropis sabWos mier Tanamedrove enebis mimarT SemuSavebuli politikis kon-
teqstSi.
1. 1. ra aris kompetenciebi?
momxmareblebs vTxovT gaecnon am zedmiwevniT Sejamebas, rac naTels
mohfens kompetenciebis Sinaarssa da miznebs.
6
evropis sabWo
momxmareblebma, romelTac Sexeba ar hqoniaT aRniSnul sabWosTan,
SesaZloa sasargeblod scnon garkveuli informacia mis struqturasa da fun-
qciebze.
dafuZnebuli 1949 wlis 5 maiss, aTi damfuZnebeli wevri saxelmwifos
mier, evropis sabWo uZvelesi saerTaSoriso politikuri organizaciaa.
nebismier evropul saxelmwifos SeuZlia evropis sabWoSi gawevrianeba im
pirobiT, Tu aRiarebs kanonis uzenaesobis princips da sakuTari iurisdiqciis
farglebSi, nebismieri pirisaTvis warmoadgens garants adamianis uflebebiTa da
ZiriTadi TavisuflebebiT sargeblobisaTvis.
amJamad evropis sabWos SemadgenlobaSi ormocdasami wevri saxelmwifoa:
somxeTi, azerbaijani, albaneTi, andora, avstria, belgia, bulgareTi, xorvatia,
kviprosi, CexeTis respublika, dania, estoneTi, fineTi, safrangeTi, saqarTvelo,
germania, saberZneTi, ungreTi, islandia, irlandia, italia, latvia, lixten-
Steini, litva, luqsemburgi, malta, moldaveTi, niderlandebi, norvegia, polo-
neTi, portugalia, rumineTi, SvedeTi, Sveicaria, `yofili iugoslaviis make-
doniis respublika~, TurqeTi, ukraina da gaerTianebuli samefo.
evropis sabWo warmoadgens samTavrobaTSoriso organizacias, romlis
ZiriTadi miznebia:
* adamianis uflebebis, pluralisturi demokratiisa da kanonis uzenaeso-
bis dacva;
* evropuli kulturuli identurobis Segnebis xelSewyoba da misi ganvi-
Tarebis stimulireba;
* evropuli sazogadoebis winaSe mdgar problemebze erTiani pasuxebis
moZieba (umciresobebi, qsenofobia, garemos dacva, bioeTika, Sidsi, narkomania,
a.S);
* evropis axal demokratiebTan partniorobis ganviTareba; da
* centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis Tanadgoma politikur, sa-
kanonmdeblo da sakonstitucio reformebis gzaze.
evropis sabWo exmaureba evropuli sazogadoebis winaSe mdgar yvela
aqtiur sakiTxs, Tavdacvis sferos gamoklebiT. misi samuSao programa moicavs
Semdeg samoRvaweo sferoebs: adamianis uflebebi, media, sakanonmdeblo
TanamSromloba, socialuri da ekonomikuri sakiTxebi, jandacva, ganaTleba,
kultura, memkvidreoba, sporti, axalgazrdoba, adgilobrivi da regionuli
mTavroba da garemo.
ministrTa komiteti evropis sabWos gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis organoa.
Sedgeba wevri saxelmwifoebis sagareo saqmeTa ministrebisa da mudmivi warmo-
madgenlebisagan. saTaTbiro organos warmadgens saparlamento asamblea, romlis
wevrebic iniSnebian erovnuli parlamentebis mier.
evropis adgilobriv da regionul aRmasrulebel pirTa kongresi sakon-
sultacio organoa, romelic warmoadgens adgilobriv da regionul xelisu-
flebas. amgvarad, mTavrobebi, erovnuli parlamentebi, adgilobrivi da re-
gionuli xelisufleba cal-calkea warmodgenili.
evropis sabWos mier gaweuli Sromis Sedegad vRebulobT evropul kon-
venciebsa da SeTanxmebebs, romelTa gaTvaliswinebiTac xdeba wevr saxelmwi-
foTa kanonmdeblobis Semdgomi harmonizeba da Sesworeba. zogierT konvenciasa
da SeTanxmebas SesaZlebelia SeuerTdnen arawevri saxelmwifoebic. moRvaweobis
sxvadasxva sferoebSi Catarebuli kvlevebi da samuSao srulad xelmisawvdomia
mTavrobebisaTvis da exmareba maT erTobliv muSaobaSi, evropis socialuri
progresis stimulirebis TvalsazrisiT.
evropis sabWo Rebulobs calmxriv SeTanxmebebsac, romelTac `cvalebadi
geometriuli~ TanamSromlobis saxe aqvs da calkeul wevr saxelmwifoebs
uflebas aZlevs, sxvaTa TanxmobiT, ganaxorcielon saerTo interesebSi Semavali
garkveuli qmedebebi.
7
evropis konvencia kulturul TanamSromlobaze qmnis CarCos evropis sab-
Wos moRvaweobisaTvis ganaTlebis, kulturis, memkvidreobis, sportisa da axal-
gazrdobis sferoSi, romelic imarTeba kulturuli TanamSromlobis sabWos
mier. Mmisi saganmanaTleblo programa, ganaTlebis komitetis zedamxedvelobiT,
moicavs Tanamedrove enebis proeqtebs, romelTac axorcielebs IV generaluri
direqtoratis Tanamedrove enebis ganyofileba: ganaTleba, kultura, axal-
gazrdoba, sporti da garemos dacva (DECS). ormocdasami wevri saxelmwifos
garda, aRniSnul konvencias SeuerTda kidev oTxi saxelmwifo: belorusia, bos-
nia da hercogovina, wminda zRva da monako
evropis sabWos ZiriTadi vebgverdia: http: / / www.coe.int enobrivi politikis ganyofilebis vebgverdebia: http: / / www.culture.coe.int / lang
da http: / / www.culture.coe.int / portfolio evropis sabWos Tanamedrove enebis vebgverdia: http: / / www.culture.coe.int / ecml
1. 2. evropis sabWos enobrivi politikis miznebi da amocanebi
evropis sabWom energiulad waswia win Tanamedrove enebis swavleba mas
Semdeg, rac 1950-iani wlebis miwuruls daarsda kulturuli TanamSromlobis
sabWo. im xanad, bevr qveyanaSi Tanamedrove enebi jer kidev klasikuri enebis
gadmosaxedidan iswavleboda, rogorc inteleqtualuri, kulturuli an so-
cialuri elitis ganaTlebis Semadgeneli nawili. Tanamedrove enebi, metwilad,
saWiro iyo diplomatiasa da komerciaSi. sxvamxriv, saerTaSoriso komunikacia,
ZiriTadad, profesionali Tarjimnebisa da mTargmnelebis mier gamoiyeneboda.
1960 wlisTvis evropa aRsdga II msoflio omis Semdeg da evropuli sazogadoebis
internacionalizaciis dawyeba sagrZnobi gaxda, moaxdina ra zegavlena yvela
klasisa da asakobrivi kategoriis mosaxleobaze. Bbolo ormoci welia, aR-
niSnuli procesi grZeldeba da aqselirdeba, saWiroebs ra srulyofas, jer
kidev moklebuli enis Seswavlis, swavlebis da Sefasebis socialuri organize-
bis siRrmiseul reorientaciasa da gardaqmnas.
1. 2. 1. sakomunikacio unarebis mzardi saWiroeba enobrivi
sazRvrebis gadmosaxedidan
msoflio masStabiT sazogadoeba siRrmiseuli gardaqmnis procesSia.
samecniero aRmoCenebi sul ufro daCqarebuli tempiT gvaZlevs Rrma da deta-
lur codnas im samyaros Sesaxeb, romelSic vcxovrobT. kvlevaze dafuZnebuli
industriuli dargebi sul ufro mzardad iyeneben am codnas Cveni cxovrebis
yvela aspeqtTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad, bolo wlebSi sakomunikacio indus-
triis ganviTareba gascda Cveni warmodgenis farglebs. ara mxolod adamianis
gadaadgilebam da tvirTebis transportirebam gaxada saerTaSoriso mobiluroba
yoveldRiurobis Semadgenel nawilad, aramed eleqtronikis wyalobiT informa-
ciisa da azrebis virtualuri gadacema wamebiT ganisazRvreba da aRar eqceva
geografiul CarCoebSi. amasTan, individebs yvelgan uxmoben sakuTari azrebis,
unarebisa da saqmianobis Secvlil da cvalebad garemosTan misadagebisaTvis,
socialuri, ekonomikuri, politikuri da samxedro institutebis msgavsad, ro-
melTa tradiciuli struqtura da saqmianoba gamousadegari xdeba mimdinare
gardaqmnis pirobebSi.
bunebrivia, aseTi wnexisagan arc ganaTlebis sferoa daculi. marTlac,
isini, vinc emsaxurebian axalgazrdebis ganaTlebas, pasuxismgebelni arian maT
imgvarad momzadebaze, rac SesaZlebels gaxdis ocdameerTe saukuneSi cxovrebi-
seul gamowvevasTan gamklavebas da mocemuli SesaZleblobiT sargeblobas.
yvela doneze, swored maswavleblebi unda zrunavdnen aseTi gamowvevebisa da
SesaZleblobis ganWvretisaTvis. Tu aRebuli kursi kvlavac gagrZelda, misi Se-
madgeneli nawili aucileblad iqneba:
8
1. 2. 1. 1. gazrdili pirovnuli mobiluroba
Sromis sferoSi dasaqmebul pirTa mzardi proporcia, savaraudod,
imuSavebs mravalerovnul korporaciebsa da konsorciumebSi pirdapiri SerCevis
gziT an korporaciaTa Serwymis, SeerTebisa da sakontraqto valdebulebebis
Sedegad. Sesabamisad, maT SeiZleba dasWirdeT mravalerovnuli samuSao enis ga-
moyeneba an karieris garkveul etapze stumris an droebiTi rezidentis statu-
siT sazRvargareT cxovreba. Tu isini amas ver SesZleben, SesaZloa SeizRudon
an gairiyon profesiuli gagebiT. maSinac ki, roca maT mogzauroba ar moeTxove-
baT, Eenis gamoyeneba profesiul doneze SeiZleba gardauvali gaxdes ucxoel
kolegebTan urTierTobisas an ucxoel stumrebTan mzardi gasarTobi indus-
triis WrilSi sakomunikaciod. Uufro metic, saerTaSoriso vaWroba da finansebi
moicavs saerTaSoriso bazrebis operirebas da kapitalis moZraobas globaluri
masStabebiT, yvela saxelmwifo da enobrivi sazRvrebis gadalaxviT, da
moiTxovs myisierad reagirebas eleqtronuli mediis saSualebiT.
saganmanaTleblo sferoSi moswavleTa sul ufro mzardi raodenoba,
garkveul etapze, skolaSi sazRvargareT ivlis, mSoblebis profesiuli mo-
bilurobis Sedegad. garda amisa, sul ufro da ufro meti studenti saWirod
CaTvlis sakuTari specializaciis gasaRrmaveblad ucxour universitetSi swav-
las. Sesabamisad, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs yvela doneze sxvadasxva
enobrivi jgufebis studentur nakadebTan eqnebaT Sexeba da amitomac, ufro meti
skola, koleji da universiteti SeiZleba gaxdes mravalerovnuli, xolo
praqtikaSi _ mravalenovani (multilingvuri). dabolos, Tavisufal dros mog-
zauroba, rac ueWvelad gascdeba turistuli paketebis farglebs, damoukide-
blad mogzaurobis formas miiRebs pirovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobebisa da eno-
brivi sazRvrebis gadmosaxedidan, erTi _ erTze komunikaciis CaTvliT.
1. 2. 1. 2. informaciis xelmisawvdomoba
samecniero da teqnologiuri winsvla codnis SesamCnev zrdas ganapi-
robebs. Oorive sferoSi, iseve rogorc sxva ganxrebSi, jgufebi da individebi
erTsa da imave problemebze muSaoben sxvadasxva qveynebSi. maSinac ki, roca
adgili aqvs maT Soris konkurencias, TanamSromloba miRwevaTa Sesaxeb infor-
maciis swrafi miwodebis uzrunvelsayofad, arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa. informa-
ciis didi nawili efemerulia, saWiroa mxolod erT konkretul momentSi da
maleve icvleba. siCqare gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa, Sesabamisad, iTargmneba am
informaciis SedarebiT mcire nawili. specialistebi qmnian sakomunikacio qse-
lebs, saxelmwifo da enobrivi sazRvrebis gadmosaxedidan. piri, romelsac ar
SeuZlia komunikacia aRniSnuli qselis farglebSi, swrafad ganicdis izola-
cias da CamorCeba. Mmartod momuSaveTa areali sul ufro mcirdeba. Yyvela
sferoSi saerTaSoriso kongresebi, konferenciebi, simpoziumebi, kolokviumebi
da seminarebi mzard mniSvnelobas iZens. damswreTa raodenoba icvleba ramdenime
piridan ramdenime aTasamde. aseTi konferenciebi da kongresebi izidavs
monawileebs sxvadasxva qveynebidan da mxolod calkeul umciresobebs SeuZliaT
mSobliur enaze urTierToba. Ddamwyeb donezec ki, standartuli sax-
elmZRvaneloebis arseboba droSi SezRudulia. amitomac, sul ufro saWiroa
kiTxva originalSi da ara Targmnili versiis molodini. ekonomikuri zewola
gamomcemlebze, studentebisa da universitetis fakultetTa biujetebze _ ga-
momcemlebs aiZulebs Seamciron sacalo Rirebuleba, tiraJis gazrdis xarjze.
Ees ganapirobebs zewolas im gagebiTac, rom aseTi gamocema unda daibeWdos
saerTaSoriso urTierTobebisaTvis gamoyenebul yvelaze gavrcelebul enaze,
Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom informaciis dineba swrafi da Zireuli gardaqmnis
procesSia, rasac ganapirobebs eleqtronuli revolucia da informaciis arse-
9
boba kompiuterul epoqaSi. monacemTa eleqtronuli baza, romelic yvelgan
arsebuli internetis nawilia, sasurveli forma xdeba iseTi informaciis
Sesanaxad, romelic efemerulia an xSir ganaxlebas saWiroebs. nebismier ada-
mians, romelsac personaluri kompiuteri aqvs, SeuZlia saxlidan gausvlelad
moiZios ama Tu im sferoSi msoflios sxvadasxva specialistebis mier Cadebuli
informacia da survilis SemTxvevaSi, amobeWdos kidec is. Ddid biblioTekebSi
daculi masala SesaZlebelia, drodadro gamoyenebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi
gavxadoT, patara diskebis (CD-ROM) saSualebiT, adgilisa da xarjis
mniSvnelovani dazogviT da xSirad regularuli ganaxlebis pirobiTac.
gardaqmnis tempi saboloo Sedegis ganWvretis saSualebas ar iZleva, ma-
gram savsebiT mosalodnelia, rom is rac am etapze maRalprofesiulad
ganixileba, sul mcire xanSi primitiulad miviCnioT. Kkidev erTxel unda aRi-
niSnos, rom samoqmedo masStabi globaluria, komerciuli sicocxlisunarianoba
damokidebulia msxvilmasStabian operaciaze da arRvevs yvela arsebul saz-
Rvrebs. igive iTqmis garTobis sferozec, sadac satelituri televiziis arse-
boba saSualebas aZlevs mayurebels gadacemebi sxvadasxva qveynidan miiRos.
1. 2. 1. 3. urTierToba da tolerantoba
zemoxsenebuli cvlilebebi Sedegobrivad aisaxeba uamravi adamianis
yoveldRiur cxovrebaze msoflio masStabiT. Ees, albaT, gansakuTrebiT ev-
ropaSia SesamCnevi, sadac cvlilebebiT miRebuli Sedegebi, Tavdapirvelad,
memkvidreobiTi kulturisa da enebis mqone xalxTa winaaRmdegobas awydeba. bevri
adamianisaTvis mzardad interaqtiuli evropuli sazogadoebis mier motanili
gamowvevebi da xelsayreli SesaZleblobebi saintereso perspeqtivaa. Tumca,
arseboben iseTebic, romlebic am yvelafers ufro muqarad miiCneven, vidre pi-
robad. kerZod, saubaria im adamianebze, romlebsac ar esmiT mimdinare cvlile-
bebi da saTanadod momzadebulni ar arian maTze reagirebisaTvis. Aimitom, miiC-
neven rom maTi arseboba safrTxeSia, iseve rogorc maTi identuroba, romlisT-
visac saSiSroebas warmoadgens ucxo Zalebis arakontrolirebadi qmedebebi. maT
miaCniaT, rom maT cxovrebaSi iWreba ucxo wes-Cveulebebi da saqmianoba da Tan-
daTanobiT angrevs stabilur dabalansebul adgilobriv sazogadoebas, rac
ganzogadebis sxvadasxva WrilSi adrec arsebula. Aamgvar SemTxvevaSi xalxi,
romelTa codna-gamocdileba gareSe samyarosTan mimarTebaSi mcirea, SeiZleba
davarwmunoT, rom gareSe pirebi, kerZod ki, ucxoelebi pasuxs ageben Seqmnil
sirTuleebze. uaryofiTi stereotipebis gaZliereba SeiZleba ganapirobon usin-
diso da saSiSma adamianebmac. sazogadoebaTaSorisi SiSisa da siZulvilis usia-
movno formebi SeiZleba Zaladobriv ukudartymad iqces mWidro evropuli da
globaluri TanamSromlobisaTvis. saukeTeso dacvas rasizmisa da qsenofobiis
aseTi formebisgan warmoadgens codna, ucxo samyaroSi uSualod miRebuli ga-
mocdileba, cxovrebis gaumjobesebuli pirobebi da sakomunikacio unarebi.
Mmobilurobis saWiroeba da informaciis xelmisawvdomoba, urTierTgage-
basa da tolerantobasTan erTad, qmnis efeqtur sakomunikacio unarebs, enobrivi
sazRvrebis gadmosaxedidan, rac Seucvleli iaraRia xvalindeli moqalaqis
xelSi, gardaqmnili evropuli sazogadoebis gamowvevebsa da SesaZleblobebTan
Sesaxvedrad.
1. 2. 2. ras akeTebs evropis sabWo enis Sesaswavlad?
evropis sabWom sawyis etapebzeve scno enis swavlebis uwyvetobis
mniSvneloba. mravali wlis manZilze, sxvadasxva proeqtebis saSualebiT, man
uzrunvelyo forumi, politikis SeqmnaSi uSualo monawileTa da maswavlebelTa,
agreTve maswavlebelTa trenerebisa da mxardamWeri samsaxurebis erToblivi
10
moRvaweobisaTvis, politikis SemuSavebisa da misi konkretul miznebad da am
miznebis misaRwevad saWiro praqtikuli gzebis dasaxvisaTvis.
sabWo exmareba wevr saxelmwifoebs reformebis gatarebaSi da stimuls
aZlevs novaciebs, enis swavlebasa da maswavlebelTa treningis saqmeSi. zogadad,
is aadvilebs saerTaSoriso gamocdilebisa da eqspertuli codnis Tavmoyras da
xels uwyobs, erTobliv, Semswavlelze orientirebul meTodologiis SemuSave-
bas, romelSic harmoniuladaa Serwymuli, saerTo principebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
miznebi, Sinaarsi, Seswavla, swavleba da Sefaseba.
Eevropis sabWo did mniSvnelobas aniWebs evropaSi enobrivi mravalferov-
nebis xelSewyobas da mxarSi udgas wevr saxelmwifoebs damgegmavi instrumente-
bis SeqmnaSi, raTa win waswios TiTqmis ocdaaTamde erovnuli da regionuli
enis swavleba: damatebiT miRebul iqna `regionuli anu umciresobaTa enebis ev-
ropuli qartia~, am enebis rogorc evropis mdidari enobrivi da kulturuli
memkvidreobis sasicocxlo aspeqtis dacvisa da ganvrcobis mizniT.
1. 2. 3. ministrTa komitetis rezoluciebi
Yyovel aT weliwadSi erTxel sabWos muSaobis SedegebiT iqmneba minis-
trTa sabWos Sereuli rezolucia wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis. mas ar gaaCnia
direqtivis Zala, magram mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens erovnuli politikis
ganviTarebaze momdevno wlebSi. magaliTad, rezolucia (82)12 fasdaudebeli aR-
moCnda axali wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis, centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi,
sabWoTa hegemoniis moxsnis Semdeg, saxelmwifo enis swavlebis politikis ori-
entiris Sesacvlelad. yvelaze mniSvnelovani zogadi rekomendaciebi mocemulia
kompetenciebis muxlSi 1.2.
1. 2. 4. zogadevropuli kompetenciebi da enobrivi politika
TviT kompetenciebi ar aris politikuri dokumenti, rogorc amas cxady-
ofs muxli 1.6. mis mizans warmoadgens ara politikuri gzamkvlevis Seqmna, ara-
med enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis yvela aspeqtTan mimarTebaSi azrTa
urTierTgacvlis xelSewyoba. msjeloba da azrTa urTierTgacvla politikis
sakiTxebis irgvliv, erovnul da sxva doneebze, dawyebuli saklaso oTaxiT,
damTavrebuli saerTaSoriso sazogadoebiT, ra Tqma unda, mniSvnelovania, ara
mxolod aRmasrulebeli pirebisaTvis, aramed sazogadoebisa da yvela im piri-
saTvis, romelic maswavleblis profesias emsaxureba. Ddemokratiul sazogadoe-
baSi informirebuli da viTarebaSi garkveuli sazogadoebis azri, arsebiTi
mniSvnelobisaa, politikis sworad formirebisa da warmarTvis saqmeSi. Aaqedan
gamomdinare, yvelas vinc sargeblobs kompetenciebiT, vTxovT yuradRebiT
ganixilon erovnuli politikis formirebasTan dakavSirebuli Semdegi sa-
kiTxebi:
1. ra principiT ganisazRvreba enebis SerCeva da maTi raodenoba
kurikulumSi?
2. arsebobs Tu ara saxelmwifo enis politika?
3. ra ganapirobebs am gadawyvetilebas?
4. aqvs Tu ara yvela bavSvs SesaZlebloba miiRos ganaTleba mSobliur
enaze? Uumravlesobis warmomadgenel bavSvebs eZlevaT Tu ara saSualeba
iswavlon umciresobaTa enebi?
5. aris Tu ara Tanamedrove enebi:
* savaldebulo
* arCeviTi ganaTlebis yvela etapze:
_ skolamdeli;
_ dawyebiTi;
_ sabazo, saSualo;
_ umaRlesi;
11
_ Semdgomi;
_ zrdasrulTa;
ra nabijebi idgmeba ganviTarebis mdgradobis da Tanamimdevrulobis uz-
runvelsayofad?
6. ra principiT ganisazRvreba gadawyvetilebebi kurikulumSi ucxo enis
SeswavlisaTvis gamoyofil drosTan dakavSirebiT?
7. ra principebiT ganisazRvreba politika imasTan mimarTebaSi Tu ra
doneze unda iqnes miRebuli gadawyvetileba a) erovnul; b) regionul; g)
adgilobriv Tu d) skolis doneze?
8. ra nabijebi idgmeba Tanamimdevrulobis dasacavad a) saswavlo gegmaTa
amocanebis; b) saswavlo meTodebis; g) saxelmZRvaneloebisa da sxva
saswavlo masalebis, agreTve, Dd) gamocdebisa da kvalifikaciis
amaRlebis sakiTxebSi?
9. ra principebs efuZneba saxelmwifo enis uzrunvelyofa?
a) ekonomikuri moTxovnebi (magaliTad, saerTaSoriso vaWroba,
turizmi);
b) diplomatiuri urTierTobebi;
g) zewola mSoblebis mxridan;
d) kulturuli Rirebulebebi;
e) tradiciebi
10. arian Tu ara sxvadasxva ministrebi da saministro uwyebebi
pasuxismgebelni saganmanaTleblo uzrunvelyofis sxvadasxva
seqtorebze?
Tu es asea, ra nabijebi idgmeba maT mier warmoebuli politikis Tanamim-
devrulobis dasacavad?
11. ra nabijebi idgmeba, raTa Sesruldes:
a) umciresobaTa an regionuli enebis evropuli qartia
b) evropis sabWos erovnul umciresobaTa CarCo-konvencia;
g) haagis rekomendacia _ erovnul umciresobaTa saganmanaTleblo
uflebebTan dakavSirebiT.
d) enobrivi uflebebis sayovelTao deklaracia (araoficialuri, magram
iuneskos mier dafinansebuli)
12. mimdinareobs Tu ara eTnikur enebze swavleba maTTvis, visTvisac es
enebi mSobliuria
a) rogorc gardamavali etapis zoma
b) saganmanaTleblo procesis Semdgom etapebze?
13. aqvs Tu ara mxardaWera umciresobaTa enebis Seswavlas kurikulumebis
farglebs gareT?
14. ra mxardaWera aqvs enis Seswavlas zrdasruli adamianebis ganaTle-
baSi?
15. exeba Tu ara saministros direqtivebi kurikulumebTan dakavSirebiT:
a) enebs, romlebic unda aswavlon;
b) amocanebs, romlebic unda Sesruldes;
g) Mmidgomas, romelic unda SeirCes;
d) meTodebs, romlebic gamoyenebul unda iqnes;
e) saswavlo masalebs, romlebic gamoyenebul unda iqnes;
v) kvalifikacias, romelic unda mieniWos;
z) testebisa da gamocdebis Sinaarssa da procedurebs;
direqtivebi savaldebuloa Tu arCeviTi?
ra principebs efuZneba direqtivebi?
16. aqvs enis sferoSi saganmanaTleblo kvlevas xelSewyoba da dafinanseba
saministros mxridan? ra nabijebi idgmeba imisaTvis, rom kvleviTi
Sedegebi moeqces administraciisa da sxva profesionalebis yuradRebis
centrSi?
12
17. xdeba Tu ara ministrTa komitetis mier Tanamedrove enebTan mimarTe-
baSi
SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebis (69)2, (81)19, (97)6 miReba da gaTvaliswineba
erovnuli (an saministros) politikis formirebisas? ra nabijebi idgmeba
imisaTvis, rom ministrTa komitetis aRniSnuli rekomendaciebi moeqces
enis maswavlebelTa yuradRebis centrSi?
18. gamoiyeneba Tu ara saxelmZRvaneloebSi, kursis Sedgenisas an
sakvalifikacio gamocdebSi evropis sabWos mier ocdasami evropuli
enisaTvis gansazRvruli enis swavlis amocanebi (elementaruli,
zRvruli done, zRvruli ganviTarebuli done)?
19. aris Tu ara saxelmwifoebriv donemde ayvanili enobrivi kvalifikacia,
dayofili evropis sabWos kompetenciebis doneebis mixedviT?
P1. 3. mravali enis (mravalenovnebis) saWiroeba
1.3 punqtSi ganmartebulia `plurilingvizmis~ koncefcia, rac Semdgom
gaSlilia punqtSi 6.1.3 da me-8 TavSi. Aaq aseve mocemulia gansxvaveba terminebSi
`plurilingvuri~ da `multilingvuri~, romelic ubralod gulisxmobs `ramden-
ime enis codnas an sxvadasxva enebis Tanaarsebobas mocemul sazogadoebaSi~
imisda miuxedavad, es sazogadoeba adgilobrivi, erovnuli Tu saerTaSorisoa.
Nnebismieri evropeli, romelsac surs gazardos sakuTari enobrivi SesaZle-
blobebi da gascdes im enis farglebs, romelzec metyveleben misTvis mSobliur
garemoSi, awydeba enaTa udides mravalferovnebas, romelTagan ormocdaaTs
miniWebuli aqvs saxelmwifo an regionuli enis statusi, kulturuli
TanamSromlobis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebSi. Aam statusis miRmaa darCenili
kidev mravali ena ruseTis federaciaSi. rigiTi mZRoli erTdRiani mogzaurobis
manZilze advilad Camoitovebs xuT an eqvs sxvadasxva enaze mosaubre dasaxle-
bul punqts.
rogor gadavlaxoT es sakomunikacio barierebi? xSirad mivmarTavT erTi
romelime enis fiqsirebas sayovelTao saSualebad saerTaSoriso komuni-
kaciisaTvis da am gziT vcdilobT gordias kvanZis gaxsnas. Ppatara, magram
Tavdadebul da xmaurian umciresobas surs aseTi statusiT esperanto ixilos _
Seqmnili specialurad am mizniT. Tumc, istoriuli da ekonomiuri Zalebis gan-
viTarebam iseTi kursi aiRo, rom ubiZga inglisuri enis damkvidrebas am pozici-
aze, gansakuTrebiT, TviT sakomunikacio industriis kuTxiT. Ees ar warmoadgens
wminda evropul fenomens, is ufro globaluria. Sesabamisad, inglisuri ena
iqca pirveladi mniSvnelobis ucxo enad mraval saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi da
amgvarad Seqmna TviTdamamkvidrebeli spirali. Aam etapze bevr mSobels miaCnia,
rom Tu bavSvs skolaSi ar eZleva inglisuri enis Tavisuflad aTvisebis
SesaZlebloba, is seriozulad kargavs upiratesobas. saganmanaTleblo sferos
zogierTi damgegmavi inglisuri enis, rogorc lingua franca-s swavlebas saWirod da
imavdroulad sakmarisadac miiCnevs. skolis kurikulumidan sxva ucxo enebis
amoReba SesaZloa im mizans emsaxurebodes, rom resursebis koncentrireba maqsi-
maluri sakomunikacio efeqturobisaTvis swored saerTaSoriso komunikaciis wa-
myvan enaze moxdes, an ubralod skolis kurikulumSi Tanamedrove enebis rolis
minimumamde Semcirebam meti adgili dauTmos maTematikis, mecnierebis,
teqnologiis, xelovnebisa da mSobliuri enis srulyofas.
ra Tqma unda, kompetenturi aRmasrulebeli pirebi iTvaliswineben infor-
mirebuli sazogadoebis azrs da profesionalTa rCevas, raTa enobrivi politi-
kis kuTxiT miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi maqsimalurad akmayofilebdes sa-
zogadoebriv da individualur moTxovnebs. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom evropuli
institutebis politika mtkiced emxroba plurilingvizms. Ees sulac ar aixsneba
imiT, rom erTi wevri saxelmwifos mosaxleoba ganawyenebulia sxvebze, romle-
bic meti upiratesobiT sargebloben. sxva Tu araferi, inglisuri enis gamoyene-
13
bis zrdadobas bolo wlebSi veranairad Seedreba gaerTianebuli samefos sim-
didris, Zalauflebisa da zegavlenis yvelaze SesamCnevi zrdac ki evropul
saqmeebSi. marTlac, zogierTi adamiani, visTvisac inglisuri mSobliuri enaa,
imdenadaa damokidebuli sakuTari enis gamoyenebaze saerTaSoriso urTierTo-
bebSi, rom es erTgvarad zRudavs kidec komunikacias da SesaZloa ukiduresad
uaryofiTi politikuri da ekonomikuri zegavlena iqonios. amasTan, garkveuli
mizezebis gamo, evropuli sazogadoebis mravalenovani buneba aucilebels xdis
evropelTaTvis, ganaviTaron sakuTari SesaZleblobebi ramdenime aramSobliuri
enis mxriv. jer erTi, inglisuri enis flobis moculoba da done sxvadasxva
qveynebSi gadaWarbebulad ar unda iqnes Sefasebuli. evrokavSiris farglebSi,
mosaxleobis 50%_c ki, axalgazrdobis CaTvliT, ver iqoniebs pretenzias am enis
gamoyenebiT doneze flobisa. zeda asakobrivi jgufebSi procentuli maCvenebeli
kidev ufro dabalia. warmodgena, rom inglisurad yvelgan saubroben da ing-
lisuri yvelgan esmiT gamarTlebulia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca kontaqtebi
ganixileba mxolod turistuli industriis, profesiuli kavSirebisa da ukeT
ganaTlebul pirTa doneze.
Yyovel qveyanaSi metyveleben sakuTar erovnul (saxelmwifo) da zogierT
SemTxvevaSi, regionul enebze. Uucxoeli stumrebis da rezidentebisaTvis, ro-
melTac warmodgenac ki ar aqvT am enaze, TvaliT nanaxi da yuriT gagonili
sruliad gaugebaria, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca maT miznobrivad udgebian
maTTvis gasageb ucxo enaze. amitomac, advilad savaraudoa, maTi gariyva, margin-
alizacia da izolaciac ki. maTTvis xelmisawvdomi iqneba mxolod ucxoelebze
gaTvlili informacia. maSinac ki, roca kontaqti myardeba orive mxarisaTvis
nacnob ucxo enaze, komunikaciis xarisxi gamomdinareobs TanamosaubreTa kompe-
tenturobidan da ar eqvemdebareba arcerTi maTganis kontrols. Tu aseTi ena
lingua franca-s rols asrulebs da misi gamoyeneba gamiznulia wminda manqanur,
kulturuli komunikaciis farglebs miRma WrilSi, man SeiZleba srulad daak-
mayofilos ZiriTadi tranzaqciuli moTxovnebi, magram damaxinjdeba informa-
ciisa da azrTa gacvla garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca saqme gvaqvs adamianis
cxovrebis yvelaze ufro zedapirul aspeqtebTan, socialur sakiTxebTan, Rire-
bulebebsa da mosazrebebTan.
cxadia, adamianebi ukeT gamoxataven ama Tu im problemiT realurad
dainteresebas, roca iyeneben mSobliuri enis yvela resurs. zogjer SeuZlebe-
lia, raime iTqvas iseT swavlaze, rac gulisxmobs dawerilis sworad wakiTxvas
an mosmenas, naTqvamis wvdomiT, vidre yvela resursis gamoyenebas erT an ramden-
ime saerTaSoriso manqanur enaze, unarebis dabalansebuli ganviTarebisaTvis.
recefciuli unari, romelic moiTxovs enis gacnobierebas da SesaZloa, iyeneb-
des gonivrul deduqcias, savaraudod gvTavazobs Rirebulebis kuTxiT, sas-
wavlo Zalisxmevis ufro efeqtur Sedegs, vidre produqtiuli unari, romelic
moiTxovs rogorc gamosayenebeli enis gaxsenebas, ise naTqvamis imgvarad for-
mirebas, rom gamoxatul iqnes nagulisxmevi mniSvneloba, mocemuli enis gramati-
kul da pragmatul pirobiTobasTan SesabamisobaSi.
faqtiurad, vawydebiT ra evropaSi enaTa da maTi gamoyenebis usazRvro
mravalferovnebas, erTaderTi, rac ZalgviZs aris am kontingentis mravalenovan
(multingvur) kompleqsurobaSi zRvrul farglebSi SeWra. Eenobrivi dagegmare-
bis saqmeSi SezRuduli drois da enis SeswavlisaTvis xelmisawvdomi sxva re-
sursebis optimalurad gamoyenebis sakiTxs udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. Eevropis
sabWos Semdgomi proeqtebi efuZneba im mosazrebas, rom Rirebuli da ganxor-
cielebadi amocanebis yuradRebiT gansazRvras sazogadoebaSi, individTa sako-
munikacio moTxovnebTan SesabamisobaSi, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs. Ggamomdi-
nare iqidan, rom aseTi moTxovnebi Tavs iCens zrdasrul adamianTa cxovrebaSi,
enis swavlebis organizeba unda iyos fleqsiuri da uwyvet perspeqtiulobaze
gaTvlili.
skolaSi enis swavla unda ganixilebodes ara rogorc Caketili, produ-
qtze orientirebuli procesi, aramed rogorc safuZvlis Cayra samomavlo swav-
14
lisa da gamoyenebisaTvis. porCeris Tanaxmad (porCeri 1980), skola, rogorc sas-
wavlo dawesebuleba, sakuTari bunebidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovnad zRudavs
imas, rac SeiZleba gakeTdes adamianis cxovrebis am etapze. Eenis swavla umaR-
les, Semdgom da zrdasrulTa saganmanaTleblo doneebze warmoadgens ara arCe-
viT danamats, Selamazebas an gatacebas, aramed arsebiT socialur uzrunvelyo-
fas, rac mniSvnelovan erovnul interesebs emsaxureba. aRsaniSnavia, rom am don-
eebze moTxovna mWidrod ukavSirdeba saWiroebas da gacilebiT ufro mraval-
ferovania skolis donesTan SedarebiT. saqme arc isaa, rom zrdasrul ada-
mianebs ubralod surT gaiumjobeson im enis codna, romelsac ukve sakmaod kar-
gad floben. Uufro xSirad, maTi mizania kompetenciis gafarToeba sxva enebis
mxriv. amasTan, produqtiuli mxare Semoifargleba mxolod mokrZalebuli
miznebiT da ZiriTadi adgili uWiravs survils - gaugon evropelebs bunebrivad
naTqvami. AmagaliTad, am principze dafuZnebulma BBC-is satelevizio seriebma
sakmaod didi auditoria miizida, romelic erTi enis Sesavali kursidan meore
enis Sesaval kursze gadasvliT Semoifargleba, maSin roca amave enis Semswav-
leli kursis ufro maRal doneebze myofi auditoria piramidis konuss mog-
vagonebs.
ra Tqma unda, Tanamedrove teqnologias ZaluZs maRali xarisxis produ-
qtis uzrunvelyofa mokrZalebul sacalo fasSi, Tuki kargi organizaciis pi-
robebSi globalur auditorias yurmilTan movixelTebT (amis naTeli magali-
Tia Follow Me-is (`momyeviT~) gasaocari globaluri warmateba). Tanac, axali
teqnologiebis pirobebSi ufro didia producirebisa da bazrebis diferencia-
cia, izrdeba arCevanis saSualeba da Semswavlelis TviTqmedeba. gamoTvlilia
(devid kristali, personaluri komunikacia), rom daaxloebiT 1000 ena gamoi-
yeneba da xelmisawvdomia internetSi, xolo inglisuris gamoyeneba 50%-iT Sem-
cirda. SegviZlia darwmunebiT vTqvaT, rom radgan multimediuri saSualebebi
ufro daxvewili, sayovelTaod xelmisawvdomi da ukeT gasagebia, enis swavla
yvela doneze ufro mravalferovani da decentralizebuli gaxdeba. aseTi gan-
viTarebis erT-erTi Sedegi iqneba is, rom gacilebiT gafarTovdeba uzrunvel-
myofTa speqtri TviT Semswavlelebis CaTvliT, romlebic mowveul iqnebian enis
Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis meTodebsa da amocanebTan dakavSirebiT ar-
Cevanis gasakeTeblad da gadawyvetilebaTa misaRebad. Pprofesiuli da saganma-
naTleblo mobiluroba uzrunvelmyofTa winaSe wamoayenebs maTi amocanebisa da
miRwevebis sxvebisaTvis miwodebis moTxovnas, rac am ukanasknelT saSualebas
miscems gaakeTon araformaluri arCevani da aswion Sromis zogadi done ga-
mocdilebis urTierTgacvlis safuZvelze.
1. 4. risTvis gvWirdeba kompetenciebi?
1. 4. punqti ajamebs yvela im mizezs, romelic cxadyofs, zemoxsenebuli
aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra praqtikuli gamoyeneba eqneba enis SeswavliTa
da misi SedegebiT dainteresebul pirTa mier sakuTari Zalisxmevis moqcevas
saerTo evropul CarCoSi _ iseTSi, rogoricaa ucxo enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa
da Sefasebis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi (kompetenciebi). aqve citirebulia
ruSlikonSi, SveicariaSi Catarebuli samTavrobaTSoriso simpoziumis mier ga-
motanili daskvnebi, riTac rekomendacia gaewia yvelanairi saxisa da donis
zogadevropuli kompetenciebis SemuSavebas enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Se-
fasebisaTvis.
15
1. 5. ra daniSnuleba aqvs kompetenciebs?
es punqti xazs usvams kompetenciebis, rogorc damgegmavi instrumentis ga-
moyenebas da, amdenad, TviTganmartebiTia. ra Tqma unda, SesaZlebelia misi sxva
daniSnulebiT gamoyenebac - mniSvnelovania misi roli cnobierebis amaRlebis
saqmeSi, gansakuTrebiT - umaRles ganaTlebaSi da maswavlebelTa sawyisi da
kvalifikaciis asamaRlebel saganmanaTleblo da trening kursebze. Mmravalma
institutma aRiara kompetenciebi, rogorc danawilebis saSualeba ga-
mocdilebisa da kvalifikaciis TanafardobisaTvis.
1. 6. ra kriteriumiT unda moxdes kompetenciebis gansazRvra?
ruSlikonis simpoziumma daadgina is kriteriumi, romelsac unda pasuxob-
des kompetenciebi. monawileni SeTanxmdnen, rom kompetenciebi unda iyos
deskripciuli da ara preskripciuli. Ppraqtikosebi yuradRebiT unda daakvird-
nen sakuTar praqtikas da maT unda miiRon gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic maTive
TvalTaxedviT, mocemul situaciaSi gamarTlebulia da Semdeg es gadawyvetile-
bebi, sakuTari amocanebi da meTodebi gauziaron sxvebs. kompetenciebis funqcia
ar aris praqtikosebisaTvis moqmedebis karnaxi, maSin roca ministrTa komiteti
moiTxovs maTgan politikis rekomendaciebis damajereblad aRiarebas da maT ga-
moyenebas gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisas. miuxedavad argumentirebulobisa, evropis
sabWos TvalTaxedvam arc unda gansazRvros da arc unda daamaxinjos deskrip-
ciuli CarCo. Ees fundamenturi midgoma yovelTvis ver poulobs saTanado gage-
bas.
kompetenciebis mizania, iyos yovlismomcveli da ara seleqciuri. arsebobs
swavlisa da swavlebis mravalnairi saxeoba. Yyvela maTganma unda daimkvidros
adgili am kompetenciebis farglebSi. meore mxriv, kompetenciebi ver iqneba
amomwuravi, magram sasurvelia iyos gamWvirvale momxmareblebisaTvis _ maTTvis,
vinc aRwers sakuTar amocanebsa da meTodebs, da maTTvisac, vinc am aRweras Re-
bulobs. Mmomxmarebelma naTlad unda dainaxos SemoTavazebis arsi, yovelgvari
bundovanebisa da orazrovnebis Tavidan acilebiT. kompetenciebi unda iyos
Tanamimdevruli _ Sida winaaRmdegobebisa da gaugebrobebisagan Tavisufali,
mravalmiznobrivi _ momxmarebelTa moTxovnebze mosargebad mravalnairad gamo-
yenebadi, Ria da dinamiuri _ momxmarebelTa mxridan Semdgom daxvewas daqvemde-
barebuli, radgan gardauvalia masSi xarvezebisa da naklovanebebis migneba. igi
unda iyos aradogmaturic _ Ria yvelanairi midgomisa da TvalTaxedvis misaRe-
bad, da ara romelime dogmis daJinebiT mimdevari. kompetenciebiT sargeblobas
unda axerxebdes rigiTi, araprofesionali momxmarebelic da am procesSi igi ar
unda awydebodes zedmet sirTulesa da Jargons, Tumca ukiduresi gamartiveba
Taviseburad saxifaToa. komunikacia enis gamoyenebiT kompleqsuri fenomenia,
romelsac ar gaaCnia usafuZvlo nawilebi. Lenobrivi interaqciis struqtura
srulad unda iyos warmodgenili, Tumca teqnikuri enis argamoyeneba ama Tu im
etapze SeuZlebelia da amitom idiosinkretuli terminologia ganmartebuli
unda iyos.
momxmareblisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba imis gaTvaliswinebac, Tu ramdenad
miesadageba aRniSnuli kriteriumi maTi sakuTari miznebis, amocanebisa da meTo-
debis aRwerilobas kompetenciebTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad, ramdenad yovlis-
momcvelia es ukanaskneli? savaldebulo ar aris momxmarebelma miiRos yve-
laferi, rac kompetenciebSia warmodgenili. igi unda iyos gasagebi im doneze,
rom momxmarebels daexmaros zedmiwevniTi specifikaciis kuTxiT. Tu kompeten-
ciebis momxmareblebi aRmoaCenen, rom gamotovebulia calkeuli aspeqtebi, rac
maT specifikaciaSi daexmareboda, kompetenciebi veRar daakmayofilebs, yovlis-
momcvelobis kriteriums. aseT SemTxvevaSi, momxmareblebma Tavad unda mogva-
wodon specifikacia kompetenciebis Semdgomi daxvewis mizniT. swored es
16
gulisxmobs maT Ria xasiaTsa da dinamiurobas. meore mxriv, SesaZloa arsebob-
des momxmarebelTa iseTi kategoriac, romelTac kompetenciebi ar gamoadgebaT
gamomdinare iqidan, rom igi ver akmayofilebs im SemswavlelTa moTxovnebs,
romlebsac iTvaliswinebda momxmarebelTa aRniSnuli kategoria, an kompeten
ciebi SeiZleba ar aRmoCndes prioritetuli SezRuduli resursebisa da drois
pirobebSi.
-
Tu ganvixilavT momxmarebelTa mier mowodebul aRwerilobebs kompeten-
ciebis kuTxiT, maSin sityva `yovlismomcveli~ gansxvavebul mniSvnelobas
SeiZens. gaiTvaliswina momxmarebelma yvelanairi arCevanis SesaZlebloba
gadawyvetilebaTa miRebamde? Aaris aRweriloba saTanadod moculobiTi da de-
taluri, rom amomwuravi pasuxi mogvces?
gamWvirvaleobis da Tanamimdevrulobis kuTxiT kompetenciebisa da aRwer-
ilobisaTvis wayenebuli kriteriumic msgavsia: SesZlo avtorma naTeli suraTis
Seqmna momxmareblisaTvis saTqmelis miwodebis TvalsazrisiT, am saTqmelis
momxmareblisaTvis gasageb enaze gadmocema (saWiro SemTxvevebSi standartuli
leqsikonis daxmarebiT), bundovanebisa da orazrovnebis Tavidan acilebiT? aris
aRweriloba detalurad Sekruli? Aaris is myari _ Sida winaaRmdegobebisagan
Tavisufali? Aaris is fleqsiuri _ yvela im garemoebis mxedvelobaSi mimRebi,
sadac moxdeba misi gamoyeneba?
dabolos, gaugebrobebis Tavidan asacileblad: kompetenciebis mizani
deskripciuli xasiaTisaa da ara preskripciuli. kompetenciebi Seqmnilia
araerTferovnebis xelSewyobisa da Tundac Tavs moxvevisaTvis, aramed mraval-
ferovnebis SenarCunebiTa da stimulirebiT, komunikaciis gaumjobesebisaTvis.
istoriam mogvawoda yvela is Rirebuleba, mosazreba da midgoma, romelmac ev-
ropis sabWo Tanamedrove enebis sferoSi muSaobisas, informaciiT uzrunvelyo.
Mmomxmareblebs vTxovT yuradRebiT daakvirdnen maT da gaiTvaliswinon isini,
rogorc kompetenciebiT sargeblobisas, ise muSaobis procesSic. Tumca, aRsaniS-
navia, rom maTi gaTaviseba mxolod momxmareblis prerogativaa. kompetenciebi
arsobrivad aradogmaturia, saSualebas aZlevs yvela momxmarebels, rom sxvebs
ara ukarnaxon, Tu ra gadawyvetilebebi unda miiRon, aramed amcnon sakuTari
gadawyvetilebebi.
unda vaRiaroT, rom zogadi kompetenciebis SemuSaveba politikuri aqtia.
me-19 saukuneSi da mogvianebiT mravalma saxelmwifom ganizraxa Seeqmna an
gaeZlierebina erovnuli erTianoba avtoritaruli da zogjer mCagvrelis
poziciidan erTferovani erovnuli kurikulumebis, kvalifikaciis, sax-
elmZRvaneloebisa da saklaso meTodebis TavsmoxveviT. Aamas Tan axlda nebis-
mieri mravalferovnebis (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) ukugdeba, rac hetero-
genul elementebs efuZneboda. amJamad, gacilebiT ufro fasdeba umciresobaTa
identuroba da ufro sayovelTao aRiareba aqvs saganmanaTleblo mravalferov-
nebis moTxovnas. Tumca, arsebobs SeSfoTebac, rom calkeul mxareebSi evro-
pulma erTianobam SesaZloa erovnuli identurobis dakargva gamoiwvios. Kkonti-
nenturi erTianobisaTvis Semdgomi xelSewyoba da amasTan mravalferovnebis
dafaseba da gazrdac ki, demokratiul gadawyvetilebaTa miReba, saswavlo
kuTxiT, informaciis urTierTgacvlis gaadvileba da erTiani midgomis Se-
muSaveba mravali profesionalis mier _ rwmenis aqtia! swored am kuTxiT gvinda
moxdes kompetenciebis Semdgomi ganxilva momxmareblis mier.
17
nawili 2 _ SerCeuli midgoma
am Tavis mizania, moamzados mkiTxveli im deskripciuli aparatis gamosay-
eneblad, romelsac me-4, me-5 TavebSi SevxvdebiT. Aaq warmodgenilia enis gamo-
yenebis da enis momxmareblis analizi, romelsac efuZneba ufro detaluri
taqsonomia an klasifikaciis sqema, rasac mogvianebiT SevxvdebiT; Sesabamisad, es
Tavi ufro teqnikuri xasiaTisaa. samagierod, zedmiwevniTaa ganmartebuli yvela
mniSvnelovani termini. Semdgomi Tavebis dawvrilebiT Seswavlamde umjobesia am
Tavis auCqareblad wakiTxva, Sefaseba da arsobrivad gadamuSaveba. Mmiuxedavad
imisa, rom mocemuli Tavi metwilad TviTganmartebiTia, mowodebulia iseTi
sityvebic, romlebic dagvexmareba gaugebrobaTa Tavidan acilebaSi.
2. 1. moqmedebaze orientirebuli midgoma
moqmedebaze orientireba evropis sabWos midgomis Tanamdevi niSania, 1970-
iani wlebis dasawyisidan, enis swavlasTan rogorc komunikaciisaTvis, enis
aqtiurad gamoyenebis mzadebasTan mimarTebaSi. Tumca, es imas ar niSnavs, rom
Cven dainteresebulni varT mxolod Ria moqmedebiT. warmovidginoT, matareblis
vagonSi erTmaneTis pirispir msxdari ramdenime adamiani. Tu maTgan erT-erTi
wignis kiTxvaSia Cafluli, es ar niSnavs, rom is naklebad aqtiuria, mis gver-
diT gacxarebul saubarSi monawile wyvilTan SedarebiT. Tu maT Soris aris
iseTic, romelic mxolod sivrces miSterebia da SesaZloa, fiqrobdes misTvis
gadamwyveti gasaubrebis Sedegze, igi gegmavs aramxolod Tavdacvas, aramed
amzadebs pasuxebs mosalodnel kiTxvebzec.
Aadamianebis momzadeba, enis aqtiurad gamoyenebisaTvis moiTxovs ada-
mianur SesaZleblobaTa _ inteleqtis, emociebis da nebis, _ srulad gamoyenebas
da praqtikuli unarebis gavarjiSebas. Eenis gamoyenebisa da enis momxmareblis
Sesaxeb arsebulma mTlianma mosazrebam unda ipovos sakuTari adgili erT ada-
mianTan mimarTebaSi, magram es aris socialur konteqstSi moqmedi adamiani, igive
`socialuri agenti~. ra Tqma unda, am terminSi ar moiazreba pirovnebis sisavsis
dayvana dehumanizebuli magaliTis mimcemamde. am terminis mizania, daicvas ada-
miani im safrTxisagan, rac gulisxmobs individualistur da TviT solifsistur
izolaciasac ki.
Sekvecili debuleba enis gamoyenebaze mocemuli me-9 gv-ze Seferadebul
yuTSi da Semdgom gamoyenebuli terminebis definicia, aucilebelia kompetencie-
bis gagebisa da gamoyenebisaTvis, radgan warmoadgens am mTavari kategoriebis
anu parametrebis gardaqmnas qvekategoriebad. isini uzrunvelyofs me-4 Tavsa da
danarTSi SemoTavazebuli ramdenime skalis ZiriTad struqturas. Ees ukanask-
neli yuradRebiT unda wavikiTxoT da gamoviyenoT im SemTxvevaSi, roca me-4
TavSi mocemuli terminebis mniSvneloba konteqsturad gaugebaria. rac Seexeba
meoTxe TavSi mocemul magaliTebsa da skalebs, isini, piriqiT, gvexmareba me-2
Tavis moculobrivi da detaluri teqstis gagebaSi.
2. 1. 1. individis zogadi kompetencia
Aam punqtSi Semotanili kategoriebi ufro detaluradaa gaSlili punqtSi
5.1. momxmareblebma yuradReba unda miaqcion aq gamoyenebul termins `kompeten-
cia~, rac amgvari saxiT Segvxvdeba mTlianad kompetenciebSi. Ees termini mig-
vaniSnebs ara imaze, Tu ramdenad kvalificiurad SeuZlia Semswavlels enis ga-
moyeneba, aramed exeba im codnas, unarebsa da midgomebs, romlebic safuZvlad
udevs enis gamoyenebas nebismier doneze. punqti 5.1 exeba iseT kompetencias, ro-
18
melic dakavSirebulia ara uSualod enasTan, aramed adamianuri qmedebis yvela
saxeobasTan komunikaciis CaTvliT. maTi ganviTareba da organizeba gonebrivad
mWidro kavSirSia TviT enis ganviTarebasa da organizebasTan.
2. 1. 2. sakomunikacio enis kompetencia
mocemuli punqti exeba im kategoriebs, romlebic ufro detaluradaa
gaSlili punqtSi 5.2 anu saubaria im kategoriebze, romlebic formalurad
ukavSirdeba enis struqturas (enobrivi) da gamoyenebas (sociolingvisturi da
pragmatuli).
2. 1. 3. enobrivi aqtivobebi
es punqti 2.1.4 da 2.1.5 erTad exeba me-4 TavSi ufro dawvrilebiT ganx-
ilul kategoriebs. maTi am punqtebSi ganxilvis Tanamimdevruloba ramdenadme
gansxvavdeba me-4 TavSi maTi warmodgenis Tanamimdevrobisagan, razec zegavlena
iqonia me-2 Tavis dasawyisSi maTi yuTis formis abzacSi warmodgenilma wyobam.
kerZod, aq davalebebsa da teqstebTan erTad ganxilulia strategiebi, me-4 TavSi
maTTan asocirebul aqtivobebTan erTad aris warmodgenili. Mmomxmarebeli aseve
SeamCnevs, rom gamomdinare im mniSvnelobidan, romelic eniWeba davalebebs mo-
qmedebaze orientirebuli midgomiT, me-7 Tavi eZRvneba maT rols enis Seswavlasa
da swavlebaSi.
2. 2. enis flobis zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi
mocemuli punqti asaxelebs yvela im motivs, romelic ganapirobebs enis
flobis skalirebisaTvis gamorCeuli mniSvnelobis miniWebas kompetenciebSi da
aqve amatebs oriode sityvas sifrTxilis TvalsazrisiT. Eenis swavla xan-
grZlivi procesia da mis dayofas mravalgvari gamarTleba moeZebneba, rogori-
caa kursis dagegmva da kvalifikaciis miniWeba. zogadi kompetenciebis dadgena
aris kompetenciebis Semotanis ZiriTadi gamamarTlebeli faqtori.
skalirebis principi sakmaod dawvrilebiTaa ganxiluli me-3 TavSi da
danarTebSi _ A da B. skalebi warmodgenilia mTel naSromSi, holisturi saxiT
me-3 TavSi, xolo kompetenciebis, davalebebisa da moRvaweobis gansazRvrul ti-
pebTan mimarTebaSi _ me-4 da me-5 TavebSi, agreTve, danarTebSi C da D.
2. 3. enis Seswavla da swavleba
es punqti Semoifargleba im sakiTxebis mimoxilviT, romlebic detalu-
radaa ganxiluli me-6, me-7 da me-8 TavebSi, igi kvlav ubrundeba pirvel Tavs da
kompetenciebis rogorc standartis deskrifciuli instrumentisa da evropis
sabWos politikis debulebaTa urTierTdamokidebulebas.
enobrivi Sefaseba
am punqtSi dasrulebuli saxiTaa warmodgenili im midgomis Sesavali an-
garis, romlis miznebi da Sinaarsi me-9 TavSia mocemuli. Aaqvea ganxiluli ev-
ropis enis portfolios (ELP) SemuSaveba, rac mokledaa warmodgenili 8.4.2 _
punqtSic. ELP iyenebs kompetenciebis doneebsa da deskriptorebs, raTa gviCvenos
mopovebuli kvalifikaciis SefardebiTi doneebi da imavdroulad megzuroba
gagviwios TviTSefasebis kuTxiT. ar gamovricxavT, rom kompetenciebis momx-
mareblebi ufro metad dainteresdnen ELP -is struqturiTa da funqciebiT.
19
Eevropis enobrivi portfolio
Eevropis sabWom axlaxan SeimuSava ELP-i, romlis meSveobiTac mTeli ev-
ropis masStabiT nebismieri asakisa da warmoSobis enis SemswavlelT SeuZliaT
aRnusxon sakuTari enobrivi SesaZleblobani da yvelanairi mniSvnelovani kul-
turuli gancda.
portfolio personaluri dokumentia, romelsac flobs da regularulad
aaxlebs Semswavleli. igi sami ganyofilebisagan Sedgeba:
sapasporto ganyofileba, romelic aRnusxavs enobriv kvalifikacias da
SesaZleblobebs (formaluri da araformaluri) saerTaSoriso doneze aRiare-
buli saxiT;
enobrivi da kulturuli biografiis ganyofileba, romelSic SemswavlelT
SeuZliaT aRweron enis codna da swavlisas miRebuli STabeWdilebebi rac
SeiZleba met enasTan mimarTebaSi.
dosie _ Semswavlelis mier gaweuli Sromis magaliTebis gansaTavseblad
miznad isaxavs ra adamianTa motivirebas enebis Sesaswavlad, rogorc for-
maluri ganaTlebis farglebSi, ise mis gareT, portfolio xels Seuwyobs ev-
ropaSi mobilurobasac, radgan is naTlad aRnusxavs adamianis enobriv SesaZle-
blobebs, rac am ukanasknels mniSvnelovnad gamoadgeba samuSao ganacxadis
Sevsebisas, romelime saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi Sesvlisas da a. S.
ELP-is nimuSebis akreditaciis wesebi SeTanxmda da akreditaciaze pasux-
ismgeblobis asaRebad kulturuli TanamSromlobis sabWos ganaTlebis ko-
mitetis xelmZRvanelobiT Seiqmna evropis validaciis komiteti. portfolio
amoqmeddeba 2001 _ evropis enaTa welSi. damatebiTi informacia portfolios
Sesaxeb xelmisawvdomi iqneba vebgverdze. amasobaSi Tqven SegiZliaT meti infor-
maciis mopoveba enobrivi politikis ganyofilebis vebgverdze: <http: / / culture.coe.int / portfolio>
nawili 3 _ zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi
es nawili gagrZelebaa 2.2 punqtisa, romelSic dasaxelebulia mizezebi
enis flobis zogadi kompetenciebis doneebis erTgvari nakrebis Sesaqmnelad. es
Tavi exeba enis flobis kriteriums, SemoTavazebuli doneebis raodenobasa da
definicias da im deskriptorebis Taviseburebas, romlebic gamoiyeneba doneebis
gansazRvrisa da im gzebis dasadgenad, romelTa meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli iqneba
am doneebis gamoyeneba:
3. 1. zogadi kompetenciebis doneebis deskriptorTa kriteriumebi
es punqti mokled mimoixilavs im ZiriTad sakiTxebs, romlebic dawvrile-
biTaa ganxiluli danarTebSi. is migviTiTebs, rom skalebi unda Seesabamebodes
Semswavlelebs, magram ar unda iyos zedmetad specifikuri, Tu isini saerTo
unda gaxdes mravali gansxvavebuli SemswavlelisaTvis. skalebi unda efuZne-
bodes Teoriul TvalTaxedvas da sityvierad imgvarad unda iyos gadmocemuli,
rom saSualeba misces momxmarebels Caswvdes maT da miusadagos isini sakuTar
konkretul situacias. deskriptorebis ganviTarebisa da maTi kriteriumebTan
Sesabamisobis uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa intuiciisa da amocanaTa validaciis
keTilgonivruli kombinireba.
20
3. 2. zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi
es punqti mokled mimoixilavs im eqvs dones, romelTa gamoyenebac unda
moxdes mravalmiznobrivad kompetenciebis farglebSi. aRniSnuli doneebi mimox-
ilulia evropis sabWos pirvandeli winadadebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. zogierTi
donis SemuSaveba moxda adreul etapze, roca muSaoba mimdinareobda SesaZlo
erTeul-sakredito sqemaze, evropaSi zrdasrulTa enis swavlis kuTxiT mopove-
buli miRwevis dagegmvisa da aRiarebisaTvis saTanado struqturis SeTavseba-
mxardaWerisaTvis. Aam proeqtidan gamomdinare, SemuSavda zRvruli done,
rogorc erTgvari mcdeloba enis flobis minimaluri donis detaluri de-
finiciisa, rac saSualebas miscemda enis Semswavlels emoqmeda damoukidebeli
agentis saxiT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi biznestranzaqciis, iseve, rogorc sxva
adamianebTan informaciisa da azrTa urTierTgacvlisaTvis. Ees minimumi sakmaod
momTxovni aRmoCnda, saWiroebda ra did saswavlo Zalisxmevas. zRvruli done
Zalze novaciuri iyo. Mman Semoitana funqcionalur-gagebiTi midgoma, gansaz-
Rvra ra, pirvel yovlisa, rogor unda emoqmeda Semswavlels enasTan mimarTe-
baSi da Semdgom, romeli ena iyo saWiro _ arsebiTad es aris kompetenciebSi ga-
moyenebuli moqmedebaze orientirebuli midgoma. zRvruli donis koncefcia,
Tavdapirvelad, inglisurTan mimarTebaSi iqna gamoyenebuli, xolo Semdgom
ocze meti evropuli enis SemTxvevaSic, romlebic aRnusxulia zogad biblio-
grafiaSi. zRvrul doneze mocemuli kategoriebi da eqsponentebi farTodaa
gaSlili me-4, me-5 TavebSi. Tumca zRvruli done (agreTve, enis safuZvlis da
zRvruli ganviTarebis doneebi, romlebic, Sesabamisad, uswrebs da mosdevs
zRvrul dones) ar iyo Cafiqrebuli yovlismomcveli nimuSis saxiT. igi war-
moadgenda gansazRvruli auditoriis aseve gansazRvrul amocanas.
3. 3. zogadi kompetenciebis doneebis prezentacia
es punqti warmoadgens sam Semajamebel, holistur cxrils, romlebic ukve
farTod gamoiyeneba zemoxsenebuli eqvsi donis kompaqturi daxasiaTebisaTvis,
romelTac efuZneba kompetenciebis damokidebuleba enis flobis sakiTxTan.
cxrili 1 ramdenime winadadebiT aRwers, Tu ris gageba da SemoTavazeba SeuZlia
Semswavlels TiToeul doneze, rac, ra Tqma unda, ver iqneba amomwuravi. in-
teraqcia da mediacia arasaTanadodaa mimoxiluli, iseve, rogorc pirobebi, ro-
melTa farglebSic Semswavleli SesZlebs konkretuli kriteriumis dakmayo-
filebas. Aaraferia naTqvami imaze, Tu ramdenad kargad Seasrulebs Semswavleli
imas, rac ukve gansazRvrulia. bevri ramaa Casamatebeli da asaxsneli, nawilo-
briv kompetenciebis sxva cxrilebis mixedviT, nawilobriv _ saRi azris praqti-
kaSi gatarebiT momxmareblis gadmosaxedidan. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom Tun-
dac Sekvecili ganmarteba imisa, Tu ra SeuZlia rigiT Semswavlels akeTos Ti-
Toeul doneze, fasdaudebelia rogorc amosavali wertili, rogorc saZirkvlis
qva zednaSenis molodinSi.
cxrili 2 ganavrcobs cxrils 1, gamoyofs ra oTx unars da Semoaqvs zepiri in-
teraqcia. Ees cxrili yvelaze farTod gamoyenebadia, gansakuTrebiT ELP-is
mflobelTa mier TviTSefasebis mizniT.
cxrili 3 axasiaTebs aRniSnul eqvs dones enis flobis Sefasebis ramdenadme
klasikuri kriteriumebis mixedviT: speqtri _ is leqsikuri da gramatikuli re-
sursebi, romlebic gaaCnia Semswavlels, sizuste _ unari am resursebis ucvle-
lad da uSecdomod gamoyenebisa, enis Tavisufali floba _ unari am resursebis
realur droSi gamoyenebisa saubris normaluri riTmiTa da intonaciiT war-
marTvisaTvis, rasac ar axlavs Seyovnebebi, gaumarTavi dawyeba da a. S. in-
21
teraqcia _ unari saubris imgvarad warmarTvisa, rom partniors ar Seeqmnas sa-
komunikacio problemebi, da Tanamimdevruloba _ unari, romelic saSualebas
aZlevs Semswavlels srulad gamoiyenos aRniSnuli resursebi integrirebuli
saubrisaTvis.
3. 4. ilustraciuli deskriptorebi
es punqti warmoaCens im deskriptorebis maxasiaTeblebsa da saTaves, rom-
lebic gansazRvrulia cxrilebSi, enis flobis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis de-
finiciisaTvis.
3. 5. fleqsiuroba danawilebiT midgomaSi
es mniSvnelovani punqti oTxi magaliTis gamoyenebiT, gviCvenebs Tu rogor SeiZleba sabazo eqvs doniani sqemis ganvrcoba (an Semcireba), rom ufro (nak-lebi) zedmiwevniT moxdes calkeul SemswavlelTa diferenciacia, ris saSuale-basac aRniSnuli eqvsdoniani sistema ar iZleva. magaliTad, enis Seswavlis Se-darebiT sawyis etapebze eiforia, romelic iwvevs adamianis mier sakuTar TavSi komunikaciis damyarebis unaris aRmoCenas, xSirad icvleba depresiiT, rom gadasalaxia veeberTela mTa da progresi mcirea, an saerTod ar aris. Mmoti-vaciis SenarCuneba ufro advili iqneba, Tu moxdeba moklevadiani miznebis das-axva da maTi miRwevis Secnoba. aRniSnuli moklevadiani miznebi SesaZlebelia erTad moeqces eqvsdoniani sqemis erT romelime rgolSi. calkeul saswavlo dawesebulebas ki SeuZlia maTi dayofa ufro mcire nawilebad. kompetenciebi ar cdilobs Sualeduri doneebis gansazRvras, romelTa raodenoba faqtiurad, ganusazRvrelia, es TviT saswavlo dawesebulebis kompetenciaa, Tu is isarge-blebs me-4 _ me-7 TavebSi aRwerili sakmaod mZlavri aparatiT.
damatebiTi problema iqmneba eqvsdoniani sistemis zeda safexurze. Ddone C1 ar warmoadgens miuRwevadi srulyofilebis ideals, aramed aris umaRlesi safexuri, romlis miRwevis amocanad dasaxva zogadi enis kursebsa da sajaro gamocdebze, sakmaod praqtikulia. Ees asec iqneboda, rom ara erTi garemoeba. zogierTi saswavlo dawesebuleba, romelic dainteresebulia enis umaRles profesiul doneze flobis sakiTxiT, Tavad awesebs aseT doneze kvalifikaciis kriteriumebs, an ufro metic, SeimuSavebs specializebul modulebs imis nacv-lad, rom mimarTos amocanaTa holistur definicias. aseT SemTxvevaSi savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom maT done C1 cenzad wamouyenon saswavlo dawesebulebaSi SemsvlelT da mimarTon me-4 _ me-7 TavebSi mocemul taqsonomiur aparats mod-ulebis Sinaarsis definiciisaTvis.
asea Tu ise, am punqtis mizania dagvanaxos, rom pasuxi kiTxvaze, `ramdeni done?~ Riad rCeba. Eeqvsdoniani sistema Seesabameba am sferoSi arsebul zogad praqtikas msxvilmasStabiani gagebiT da sakmarisad diferencirebulia imisaTvis, rom saSualeba misces saswavlo dawesebulebebs masze dayrdnobiT moaxdinon dayofa. Aar arsebobs aranairi ganzraxva saswavlo dawesebulebebisaTvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvisa, maTive studentebis interesebidan gamomdinare.
3. 6. Sinaarsis Tanamimdevruloba zogadi kompetenciebis doneebze es punqti sakmaod dawvrilebiT aRwers eqvsive dones da sam Sualedur
dones (A2+, B1+ da B2+) im farglebSi, romlebsac moicavs enis safuZvlis, zRvruli da zRvruli ganviTarebuli doneebi, radgan am doneebze bevri (gansa-kuTrebiT zrdasruli) Semswavlelia.
3. 7. rogor wavikiTxoT ilustraciuli deskriptorebis skalebi es punqti, ZiriTadad or problemas exeba: a) Tanamimdevrul doneebze
arsebuli deskriptorebi SeiZleba ver sazRvravdes aRwerilobis igive parame-trebs; aseT SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes imis dadgena, Tu ramdenad xdeba SedarebiT dabal safexurze kriteriumis dakmayofileba; b) bevri cxrili
22
arasruli saxisaa. zogierT doneze deskriptorebi SemoTavazebuli ar aris, Tumca dasaxelebulia mizezebi da aseT SemTxvevebTan gamklavebis variantebi.
3. 8. rogor visargebloT enis flobis deskriptorebiT es punqti hyofs rogorc momxmareblebs, ise miznebs, rac ganapirobebs maT
mier zogadi kompetenciebis doneebiT sargeblobas.
3. 9. enis flobis doneebi da miRwevebis Sefaseba es punqti ganixilavs doneebs Soris kavSirs, romlebic aweseben amo-
canebsa da kriteriumebs dadebiTi / uaryofiTi miRwevebis TvalsazrisiT da Se-fasebas, rac Tavis mxriv, axdens SemswavlelTa kvalificirebas, maT mier krite-riumebis dakmayofilebisa da amocanaTa Sesrulebisas miRweuli warmatebis xarisxis mixedviT.
nawili 4 _ enis gamoyeneba da enis momxmarebeli /
Semswavleli
Ppirveli sami Sesavali da ganmartebiTi Tavis Semdeg, Tavi 4 kategoriebis
SedarebiT ufro detalur sqemas mimarTavs, enis gamoyenebisa da enis
momxmareblis aRwerisaTvis. momxmareblebisaTvis xelsayreli iqneba, Tvali
gadaavlon am Tavis Sinaarsis Semcvel cxrils, rac metad daaCqarebs
SinaarsTan gacnobas.
4.1. enis gamoyenebis konteqsti
4.1.1 sferoebi
4.1.2 situaciebi
4.1.3 pirobebi da SezRudvebi
4.1.4 momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mentaluri konteqsti
4.1.5 Tanamosaubris / TanamosaubreTa mentaluri konteqsti
4.2 sakomunikacio Temebi
4.3 komunikaciis amocanebi da miznebi
4.4 sakomunikacio enobrivi aqtivobebi da strategiebi
4.4.1 produqtiuli
4.4.1.1 zepiri producireba (laparaki)
4.4.1.2. werilobiTi producireba (wera)
4.4.2 recefciuli
4.4.2.1 msmenelobiTi recefcia (mosmena)
4.4.2.2. vizualuri recefcia (kiTxva)
4.4.2.3. audio-vizualuri recefcia
4.4.3 interaqtiuli
4.4.3.1 zepiri interaqcia
4.4.3.2 werilobiTi interaqcia
4.4.4 mediacia
4.5 sakomunikacio enobrivi procesebi
4.5.1 dagegmva
5.5.2 aRsruleba
4.5.2.1. producireba
4.5.2.2. recefcia
4.5.2.3. interaqcia
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4.5.3. monitoringi
4.5.4. praqtikuli qmedebebi
4.5.5 paralingvisturi yofaqceva
4.5.6. parateqstualuri Tvisebebi
4.6. teqstebi
4.6.1 saSualebebi
4.6.2 Janrebi da teqstis tipebi
4.6.2.1 sasaubro teqstebi
4.6.2.2 werilobiTi teqstebi
moqmedebaze orientirebuli midgomis Tanaxmad, enis Semswavleli enis
momxmareblad gardaqmnis procesSia, ase rom orivesTan mimarTebaSi kategoriaTa
erTi da igive nakrebi gamoiyeneba. Tumca, aqve unda gakeTdes erTi mniSvnelovani
modifikacia. Aadamiani, romelic swavlobs meore an ucxo enasa da kulturas,
kompetenturi rCeba mSobliur enasa da masTan asocirebul kulturaSi. Aarc ax-
ali kompetencia emijneba Zvels bolomde. Aadamiani ara mxolod eufleba or
gansxvavebul, erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel samoqmedo da sakomunikacio gzas.
Eenis Semswavleli SeimuSavebs interkulturulobasa da plurilingvizms. Ti-
Toeuli enis gadmosaxedidan enobrivi da kulturuli kompetenciebi modifi-
cirdeba sxva enis codniT da sakuTari wvlili Seaqvs kulturaTaSoris cno-
bierebaSi, unarebsa da nouhauSi, iseve rogorc pirovnul zrdasa da kompleqsu-
robaSi. Semswavlels eZleva kidev ufro gazrdili SesaZlebloba enis Semdgomi
swavlisaTvis da ufro didi sajarooba axali kulturuli gancdebisaTvis.
Aaseve Cndeba mediaciis unari, interpretaciisa da Targmanis saSualebiT, or
sxvadasxva enaze molaparake adamians Soris, romelTac ar ZaluZT uSualo ko-
munikacia. ra Tqma unda, garkveuli adgili eTmoba aseT aqtivobas (4.4.4) da kom-
petenciebs (5.1.1.3,5.1.2.2 da 5.1.1.4), rac ganasxvavebs enis Semswavlels mSobliur
enaze molaparake erTenovani adamianisagan.
SekiTxvebis yuTebi. Aam etapidan dawyebuli, yovel punqts eqneba yuTi, ro-
melSic kompetenciebis momxmarebels saSualeba eqneba ganixilos dasmuli Se-
kiTxvebi da saWiroebisamebr upasuxos kidec romelime maTgans. Aalternatiuli
frazebi `saWiroebs / aris~, `uzrunvelyofilia / aris~ da `moeTxoveba~ exeba
Seswavlas, swavlebasa da Sefasebas. yuTi Sinaarsobrivad ufro mosawvevia,
vidre instruqcia kompetenciebis aradireqtiuli xasiaTis xazgasasmelad. Tu
momxmarebeli miiCnevs, rom mTlianad esa Tu is nawili ar Sedis misi interese-
bis sferoSi, saWiro ar aris aRniSnuli nawilis farglebSi yvela danayofis
detalurad ganxilva. Tumca, gamovTqvamT varauds, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi, kom-
petenciebis momxmarebeli Caufiqrdeba TiToeul yuTSi dasmul SekiTxvas da
garkveul gadawyvetilebebsac miiRebs. Tu miRebuli gadawyvetileba
mniSvnelovania, savsebiT SesaZlebelia misi formulireba mowodebuli katego-
riebisa da magaliTebis gamoyenebiT, saWiroebisamebr Sevseba xelT arsebuli
miznisaTvis.
enis gamoyenebasa da enis momxmarebelTan dakavSirebiT analizis gakeTeba,
rac mocemulia me-4 TavSi, arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa kompetenciebiT sargeblo-
bisaTvis, radgan gvTavazobs kategoriebisa da parametrebis erTgvar struqtu-
ras, romelmac saSualeba unda misces enis swavlaSi, swavlebasa da SefasebaSi
monawile yvela pirs ganixilos, sasurveli detalurobiTa da konkretuli ter-
minebiT Camoayalibos sakuTari molodini imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ras moimo-
qmedebs uSualod masTan SexebaSi myofi enis Semswavleli enis swavlisas, an ra
unda icodes am ukanasknelma samoqmedod. Aanalizis mizania yovlismomcveli da
ra Tqma unda, ara amomwuravi mimoxilva. Kkursis, saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebs,
maswavleblebsa da gamomcdelebs mouwevT Zalze detaluri, konkretuli gadawy-
vetilebebis miReba teqstebis, savarjiSoebis, aqtivobebisa da testebis Taobaze.
am procesis dayvana winaswar gansazRvruli menius SerCevamde, verasodes iqneba
SesaZlebeli. gadawyvetilebis done dainteresebulma praqtikosebma unda gan-
sazRvron sakuTari gansjiTa da SemoqmedebiTi midgomiT. Tumca, unda moiZion aq
24
warmodgenili enis gamoyenebisa da kompetenciis yvela ZiriTadi aspeqti Sem-
dgomi gaTvaliswinebisaTvis. amgvarad, me-4 Tavis zogadi struqtura sakon-
trolo furclis erTgvari nairsaxeobaa da swored amitom aris mocemuli Tavis
dasawyisSi. momxmareblebs vurCevT gaecnon am zogad struqturas da gamoiyenon
is, roca sakuTar TavTan aseTi kiTxvebi uCndebaT:
SemiZlia im sferoebis prognozireba, romelTa farglebSic imoqmedeben
Cemi moswavleebi an im situaciebisa, romelTaTvisac mouwevT Tavis garTmeva? Tu
es asea, ra roli unda Seasrulon maT? ra kategoriis xalxTan eqnebaT urTier-
Toba? rogori iqneba maTi pirveladi da profesiuli urTierTobebi ama Tu im
institucionalur CarCoebSi? ra obieqtebis gamoyeneba dasWirdebaT? ra davale-
bebis Sesruleba mouwevT? rogori Temebis damuSaveba dasWirdebaT? ra saxis ma-
salebs mousmenen an waikiTxaven? rogori iqneba maTi samoqmedo pirobebi?
samyaros an sxva kulturis Sesaxeb arsebuli ra codnis moxmoba mouwevT? ra
unarebis ganviTareba dasWirdebaT? rogor unda moaxerxon sakuTari `me~_s Sen-
arCuneba ise, rom arasworad ar gaugon? ra moculobis iqneba Cemi pasuxismge-
bloba yvelafer amasTan mimarTebaSi? Tuki ar SemiZlia im situaciaTa prog-
nozireba, romlebSic Semswavlelebs mouwevT enis gamoyeneba, rogor movaxerxo
maTi momzadeba komunikaciisaTvis enis gamoyenebaSi ise, rom momzadeba gadaWar-
bebuli ar aRmoCndes iseT garemoebebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic SesaZloa ara-
sodes dadges? ra SeiZleba mivawodo iseTi, rac yovelTvis Rirebuli iqneba ra
kuTxiTac ar unda warimarTos maTi kariera?
cxadia, kompetenciebi yvela CamoTvlil SekiTxvas ver upasuxebs. Ees imiT
aixsneba, rom pasuxebi mTlianad damokidebulia swavla / swavlebis situaciis
srulad Sefasebaze da pirvel yovlisa, _ SemswavlelTa moTxovnebze, motivaci-
aze, Tvisebebsa da resursebze, agreTve, sxva dainteresebul mxareebze, rac mra-
valferovnebis aucileblobiT aixsneba. Tavi 4 iRebs funqcias _ imgvarad wa-
moayenos es problema, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes aRniSnuli sakiTxebis ganxilva,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ debatireba gamWvirvaled da racionalurad, da yvela
monawile pirisaTvis gadawyvetilebaTa cxadad da konkretulad miwodeba.
enis gamoyenebis konteqsti
didi xania cnobilia, rom ena gamoyenebaSi mniSvnelovnad icvleba kon-
teqsturi moTxovnebis mixedviT. Aam TvalsazrisiT, ena ar warmoadgens, maTe-
matikis msgavsad, fiqris neitralur instruments. Kkomunikaciis aucilebloba
da survili Cndeba konkretul situaciaSi da TviT komunikaciis forma da Si-
naarsi aRniSnuli situaciis Sesabamisia. Aaqedan gamomdinare, me-4 Tavis pirveli
nawili eZRvneba konteqstis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs.
4. 1. 1. sferoebi
sferos koncefcia mravalmxriv mniSvnelovania. Tuki cnobilia romel
sferoSi / sferoebSi mouwevs Semsrulebels enis gamoyeneba, SesaZlebelia
amisda mixedviT Temebis, aqtivobebis, davalebebisa da teqstebis SerCeva, rac
Tavidan agvacilebs zedmet swavlas. meore mxriv, garemoebebi cvalebadia da
veranairi swavla ver iqneba ise zedmeti, rogorc specializebuli codnis
gadaWarbebuli doziT miReba im sferoSi, romelsac Semswavleli ukan Camoi-
tovebs. Aaq Semotanili speqtri sakmaod farToa.
4. 1. 2. situaciebi
situaciebis sxvadasxva komponentebi cxrilSi magaliTebis meSveobiTaa
ilustrirebuli, rac gviCvenebs Tu ramdenadaa damokidebuli situaciebsa da
sferoebze Cveni mxridan sxva adamianebis, sagnebis da movlenebis gageba. ma-
galiTebi, raRa Tqma unda, britanul kulturas miesadageba. Bbevri magaliTi ga-
25
moyenebadia sxva evropul sazogadoebasTan mimarTebaSic, magram nebismier
SemTxvevaSi, momxmareblebs mouwevT dafiqsireba da gadawyvetilebis miReba maTi
konkretuli situaciisa da am situaciaSi figurirebadi adgilebis, institute-
bis da a. S. mixedviT. Mmomxmarebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos isic, rom es danay-
ofi kavSirSia im konteqstTanac, romelSic ena gamoiyeneba. Aaseve, yuradsaRebia
erTi faqtoric, rom situacia arasodes aris statikuri; is dinamiuri koncef-
ciaa, romelsac forma monawileTa interaqciiT eniWeba.
4. 1. 3. pirobebi da SezRudvebi es punqti Segvaxsenebs, rom Semswavlelis, iseve rogorc enis sxva momx-
marebelTa qmedeba, mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli mis samoqmedo pirobebze. ra Tqma unda, es magaliTebi amomwuravi ver iqneba da amitom, sasurvelia, momx-mareblebma ifiqron im pirobebsa da SezRudvebze, romlebsac SeuZliaT studen-tis swavlis unarze da mis mier testirebisas da gamocdebze enis flobis sru-lad gacnobierebaze zegavlenis moxdena. magaliTad moyvanilia mfrinavebis treningi enaSi, rac TvalsaCinos xdis momxmareblebisaTvis, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania sakomunikacio situaciebis realobaTa winaswar ganWvreta im etapze, roca adamiani swavlobs maTTan efeqturad gamklavebis saSualebebs.
4. 1. 4. momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mentaluri konteqsti
konteqsti ar aris ubralod gare fizikuri da socialuri pirobebi, ro-
melTa farglebSic xdeba komunikacia. ukve aRvniSneT, rom auditoriis ori
wevric ki erTnairad ver `gaigebs~ erTsa da imave leqcias. Oori moswavlis
SemTxvevaSic, gansxvavebuli iqneba erTi da imave gakveTilis aRqma. Yyoveli
Cvengani, sakuTari gamocdilebisa da molodinebis mixedviT, gansxvavebulad
reagirebs gare faqtorebze. Aaqedan gamomdinare, zemoxsenebuli mosazrebani sa-
Tanado magaliTebTan erTad, mxedvelobaSia misaRebi kursisa da gakveTilis
dagegmvisas. rogorc maswavleblebi, ise gamomcdelebi TanagrZnobiT unda
miudgnen, magaliTad, personalur WrilSi iseT faqtze diskusiebs, rogoricaa
ojaxuri cxovreba, radgan es SeiZleba mtkivneuli iyos enis iseTi Semswav-
lelisaTvis, romelsac ojaxi daengra an axlobeli adamiani daeRupa. agreTve,
mkveTrma cvlilebebma TematikaSi, SesaZloa Semswavlelis dezorientacia ga-
moiwvios, ris gamoc am ukanasknels sakmaod gauWirdeba saubris dakarguli
Zafis povna, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca mas saubars uadgilod awyvetineben da
saTanado makompensirebeli strategiebi ver gamoiyeneba.
4. 1. 5. Tanamosaubris / TanamosaubreTa mentaluri konteqsti
ar SeiZleba SemovifargloT momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mxolod men-
taluri maxasiaTeblebisa da aqtivobis gaTvaliswinebiT. saklaso oTaxSi in-
teraqcia maswavleblebsa da moswavleebs, TviT moswavleebs Soris, iseve
rogorc zepir gamomcdelsa da kandidatebs Soris jgufuri testirebisas, au-
cileblad moicavs pirovnebaTaSoris urTierTobebis Camoyalibebasa da ganvi-
Tarebas. Tu es procesi cudad warimarTeba, SesaZlo pirovnuli SeuTavseblobis
gamo, SeiZleba swavla Seferxdes da testirebamac arasaxarbielo Sedegebi mog-
vces. Mmeore mxriv, damTmobi bunebis kandidatma, romelic flobs SeTanxmebis
miRwevis erTgvar xerxs, SesaZloa sakmaod TvalSisacemi STabeWdileba moaxdi-
nos enis gagebisa da flobis kuTxiT.
26
4. 2. sakomunikacio Temebi
mniSvnelovania Temebis gamocalkeveba davalebebisa da miznebisagan. A ma-
galiTad, dasaqmeba da sayidlebze siaruli, rogorc socialuri aqtivobebi,
SesaZlebelia Seswavlil iqnes profesiul da sazogadoebriv sferoebSi. maSin
kiTxva ase JRers: rogor vamzadebT Semswavlelebs enis efeqturad da saTanadod
gamoyenebisaTvis samsaxurSi, an saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SesaZenad? Tumca aR-
saniSnavia, rom dasaqmeba da sayidlebi SeiZleba iyos piraduli saubris Tema
maSin, roca adamianebi erTmaneTs uziareben informaciasa da mosazrebebs, ma-
galiTad, Tavis rCenaze, zamTris fasdaklebaze da a. S. Sesabamisad,
mniSvnelovania ganvasxvavoT emociuri mdgomareobebis uSualo gamoxatva da
manera, romliTac adamianebi maTze saubroben. Zlier depresiaSi myofma adamianma
SeiZleba Zalze naRvlianad isaubros warsul bednierebaze. Aamitom, gansxvaveba
akademiuri xasiaTis iqneba. Tu adamiani ambobs: `dRes bednieri var~, is albaT
aRwers da gamoxatavs kidec sakuTar emociur mdgomareobas. Mmeore mxriv, Tu
igive adamiani ambobs: `guSin Zalze bednieri viyavi~, savaraudod, am sityvebiT is
am momentisaTvis mis ubedurebas gamoxatavs! Mmozardebi, zogadi ganaTlebis
etapze, romlebmac jer kidev ar ician ra aris Sromis samyaro, aqtiurad ara-
sodes isaubreben dasaqmebis Temaze, sxvadasxva profesiebisa da xelobaTa
plius-minusebis ganxilviT.
me-7 TavSi mocemuli Tematuri klasifikacia zRvrul doneze (zRvruli
done 1990) sakmao zegavlenis mqone aRmoCnda da SeiZleba Semdgomac iqnes gamo-
yenebuli momxmareblis mier. Tumca, kompetenciebis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli Temebi
SerCeulia konkretuli auditoriis mosalodneli moTxovnebisa da interesebis
mixedviT, rac gansazRvrulia kidec me-2 TavSi. gamomdinare iqidan, rom sabazo
ganaTlebis etapze myofi bavSvebis interesebi ramdenadme gansxvavebulia, do-
qtorma van eqma SemogvTavaza specifikuri cnebebis modificirebuli sqema naS-
romSi `zRvruli done skolebisaTvis~ . saerTod, Temebisa da qveTemebis SerCeva
unda moxdes konkretuli auditoriis moTxovnebis, motivaciisa da Tavisebure-
baTa gaTvaliswinebiT. am mxriv mocemulia ramdenime magaliTi.
4. 3. sakomunikacio davalebebi da miznebi
4. 3. 1. momxmareblebs vurCevT es punqti 7.1-7.3 punqtebis paralelurad wai-
kiTxon, radgan isini am Temas ufro siRrmiseulad da dawvrilebiT ganixilavs.
4. 3. 2. sakomunikacio davalebebisa da miznebis amsaxvel damatebiT ma-
galiTebs momxmarebeli gaecnoba me-7 TavSi _ zRvruli done 1990 da zRvruli
ganviTarebuli done. Ees doneebi SesaZloa nimuSebad gamoviyenoT imis dasa-
zusteblad, Tu rogor unda imoqmedon Semswavlelebma momxmareblebis msgavsad
iq warmodgenil sferoebSi.
4. 3. 3. aRsaniSnavia, rom kompetenciebma unda gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod
informaciisa da azrTa gacvliT yoveldRiuri cxovrebis warmarTvis mizani,
aramed mravali enis swavlebis mizanic. Aaqedan gamomdinare, punqti 4.3.3. exeba
TviT enis swavlebis procesSi davalebaTa rols da gvTavazobs ramdenime sa-
kiTxs, romelTa mixedviTac SesaZlebelia maTi dagegmva da mowodeba.
4. 3. 4 enis TamaSebis kuTxiT gamoyeneba
enis TamaSis kuTxiT gamoyeneba xSirad gvxvdeba, enis swavlebaSi ufro
seriozuli miznebidan droebiT gadaxvevisaTvis. Tumca, igi Zalze mniSvnelovan
rols asrulebs mSobliuri enis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, axdens ra
yuradRebis koncentrirebas TviT enaze. enobrivi TamaSebi damaxasiaTebelia
27
zrdasrulTa gasarTobi aqtivobebisaTvisac da metwilad satelevizio garTobis
sferoSi figurirebs. Gganaxlebuli informaciisaTvis ixileT Cook,G c (2000) lan-guage pley, Language play, language learning. Oxford, OUP.
4. 3. 5 enis esTetikuri gamoyeneba
esTetikuri aqtivobebi meryeobs, martivi riTmebisa da simRerebis gamo-
yenebidan maRali donis literaturuli xelovnebis dafasebamde. magaliTebi
cxadyofs, rom orive kategoria sakuTar adgils poulobs ganaTlebasa da mis
farglebs miRma, adamianis cxovrebis yvela etapze. am punqtis mizani ar aris
ganixilos ucxo enis swavlisas literaturis Seswavlis sakiTxebi da kul-
turaTaSoris kompetenciebis ganviTareba, is ubralod Semoifargleba saTanado
aqtivobis identificirebiTa da magaliTad moyvaniT. momxmareblebma, romelTac
gansakuTrebiT ainteresebT aRniSnuli sakiTxebi, unda ganixilon punqti 4.3.5.
4. 4. sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebi da strategiebi es punqti erT-erTi yvelaze moculobiTia da me-4 TavSi aqtivobebi, termi-
nologiuri TvalsazrisiT, unda gaemijnos davalebebsa da miznebs. aRniSnuli termini moicavs oTx farTod gamoyenebad unars: metyveleba, mosmena, kiTxva da wera, magram isini gansxvavebul WrilSia ganxiluli. vmuSaobT ra moqmedebaze orientirebuli midgomiT, migvaCnia, rom TviT unari ki ar aris moqmedeba, aramed ama Tu im moqmedebis Sesasruleblad saWiro monacemTa erTobliobaa. amasTan, unarebi, rogorc kompetenciis aspeqti, ganxilulia me-5 TavSi. Sesabamisad, aqtivobebi ukavSirdeba moqmedebaTa tips. erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvavebT rogorc recefciul da produqtiul aqtivobebs, ise aqtivobebs, romlebic moicavs audialur da vizualur faqtorebs. Aamgvarad iqmneba Cveulebrivi oTxi elemen-tisagan Semdgari klasifikacia.
aseve gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan erTi mimarTulebis aqtivobebi, romelTa
farglebSic momxmarebeli / Semswavleli mxolod gadmoscems an aRiqvams sasau-
bro / werilobiT teqsts, da aqtivobebi, romlebic momxmarebels / Semswavlels
erTdroulad aniWebs gadmocemisa da mimRebis funqcias. terminebi: mosmena,
kiTxva, metyveleba da wera erTi mimarTulebis aqtivobebisaTvis gvaqvs gaTval-
iswinebuli. Mmeore kategoriasTan mimarTebaSi, vacalkevebT interaqtiul
aqtivobebs, romelTa farglebSic Tanamosaubreebs Soris verbaluri urTierT-
gacvlaa (magaliTad, saubari) da mediaciur aqtivobebs, rac momxmarebels /
Semswavlels ubralod sakomunikacio arxis funqcias aniWebs sxva monawileeb-
Tan mimarTebaSi (magaliTad, Tarjimani). gamomdinare iqidan, rom es aqtivobebi
Zalze gansxvavebuli xasiaTisaa, rasac magaliTebic cxadyofs, sasargeblodac
ki migvaCnia maTi gancalkeveba. Yyoveli maTgani gansxvavebul midgomas saWiroebs
Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebisas. amas Tan axlavs gansxvavebuli saxis
testebic. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis Semdgomi ganxilvisaTvis, ix. punqti 4.6.4. pun-
qtebi 4.4.1-4.4.4 exeba gadmocemas, recefcias, interaqciasa da mediacias da xdeba
maTi klasificireba qve-punqtebad, rac moicavs metyvelebasa da werasac. yvela
SemTxvevaSi, Tavdapirvelad xdeba aqtivobis definicia, Semdeg mowodebulia
sxvadasxva aqtivobebis tipebi kategoriebis mixedviT. Bbolos mocemulia konk-
retul aqtivobaSi kvalificiurobis amsaxveli skalebi da im strategiaTa anal-
izi, romelTac enis momxmarebeli iyenebs aqtivobis kuTxiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom aq strategia gulisxmobs enis momxmareblis mentalur
operaciebs, rac Semdgom aqtivobaSi gamoiyeneba. strategia ar Semoifargleba im
gzebiT, romelTa saSualebiTac xdeba barierebis gadalaxva da warmatebulad
komunikacia.
punqti 4.4.5. eZRvneba araverbalur komunikacias. Mmoqmedebaze orientire-
buli midgoma enas erTi mTliani sakomunikacio movlenis aspeqtad ganixilavs,
romlis farglebSic xdeba monawileTa Soris informaciis gacvla da yvela
28
xelmisawvdomi saSualebiT urTierTgagebis miRweva. Ggamomdinare iqidan, rom
xSirad ena ar aris gamoyenebadi komunikaciis erTaderTi saSualeba, es punqti
ganixilavs im praqtikul moqmedebebsac, romlebic SeiZleba enis Tanamdevi iyos
da ganapirobebdes gamoyenebis modificirebas. agreTve, yuradRebas vamaxvilebT
paralingvistur yofaqcevaze, romelis moicavs sxeulis enas, sametyvelo bgerebs
da xmis maxasiaTeblebs _ yvela maTgani enobrivi sistemis farglebs miRmaa da
Tavadvea mimaniSnebeli. inglisur enaSi, magaliTad, enis wklapuniT gadmocemuli
xmebi fonemas ar qmnis (sityvis Cveulebrivi fonetikuri nawili) magram mcired
ukmayofilebas gamoxatavs. eqstralingvisturi sametyvelo bgerebi Znelad eqvem-
debareba Cveulebriv marTlweras. Mmomxmareblebi, romlebic icnoben saerTaSo-
riso fonetikur anbans, amas SeamCnevdnen mocemul magaliTebSi.
bevri Semswavleli, gansakuTrebiT enis Seswavlis sawyis stadiebze, roca
enobrivi resursebi SezRudulia, cdilobs es resursebi mniSvnelobis gadmo-
sacemad gamoiyenos, magram aRsaniSnavia isic, rom mniSvneloba da komunikaciis
paralingvisturi saSualebebi yvela sazogadoebis SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebulia,
yovelTvis ar Tavsdeba enobriv sazRvrebSi da bolomde sarwmuno ar aris.
Aaranairad SevxebivarT niSnebis enas, amitom evropis sabWo siamovnebiT
iTanamSromlebs am sferoSi moRvawe mkvlevrebsa da praqtikosebTan, maTTan kom-
petenciebis misadagebis TvalsazrisiT.
punqti 4.4.5.3. paralingvistikasTan analogiis gziT, exeba e.w. `parateqstu-
alur~ maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba xelnawer da nabeWd teqstebSi
sityvebis xazgasasmelad an calkeuli frazebisa da winadadebebis damajgufe-
beli da SedarebiTi mniSvnelobis misaxvedrad. Sesabamisad, ilustraciebi, sqe-
mebi, cxrilebi da a. S. emsaxureba mniSvnelobis gadmocemasa da informaciis mi-
wodebas ufro ekonomiurad an konkretulad, araTanamimdevrul teqstTan Se-
darebiT.
4. 5. sakomunikacio enis procesebi
komunikaciis warmatebuli aqti kompleqsuri procesia, moicavs movlenaTa
mTel jaWvs. Mmetyvelebisa da weris producireba da recefcia moiTxovs
maRalunariani aqtivobebis (mentaluri da fizikuri) Tanamimdevrobas, roca
mSobliur enaze saubrobs zrdasruli adamiani, procesi gluvad da metwilad
gaucnobiereblad mimdinareobs. Cveulebriv, ufro maRalkognituri dagegmva da
interpretaciuli unarebi moicavs cnobier arCevansa da manipulacias. aR-
niSnuli procesebi Cveni yuradRebis centrSi ZiriTadad maSin xvdeba, roca
patarebi iviTareben saWiro unars an roca _ tvinis travmirebis Sedegad _ isini
irRveva cxovrebis Semdgom etapze. farTo gagebiT, komunikaciis procesebi da
unarTa gamoyenebiT moqmedebaTa Tanamimdevruloba fsiqo-lingvisturi kvlevis
obieqtia. AmagaliTad, kvleva metyvelebis Sesaxeb mocemulia xuTasgverdian naS-
romSi `metyveleba: ganzraxvidan gamoTqmamde~ _ avtori v. j. m. levelTi. Se-
darebiT ufro martiv monaxazs gvTavazoben p. denesi da e. pinsoni naSromSi
`saubris jaWvi~. roca xdeba aramSobliuri enis Seswavla, aRniSnuli procesebi
moiTxovs xelaxla programirebas, xolo unarebi _ xelaxla Seswavlas. Ees
ukanaskneli nawilobriv gaadvilebulia da nawilobriv ferxdeba ukve arsebuli
da rutinad qceuli unarebis gamo. Mmoqmedebebi da reaqciebi ufro cnobieri,
neli da nakleb sandoa. Ggardauvalia erTgvari daZabuloba, rasac iwvevs pro-
ducireba _ recefciis procesebis kontrolisas mzardi kompetenciebi da
mzardi unari. Aamitomac, zogierTi enis normalurad mcodne Semswavleli, ver
axerxebs mis praqtikul gamoyenebas, maSin, roca sxvebi Tavisuflad da uSecdo-
mod metyveleben, radgan maTi mwiri codna enisa kontrols miRma rCeba. Ti-
Toeuli Semswavlelis TaviseburebaTa da moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, saWiroa
enis swavlis / swavlebis programasa da SefasebaSi, unarebis ganviTarebasa da
kompetenciebis gafarToebas Soris saTanado balansis damyareba.
29
punqti 4. 5. mimoixilavs yvela im unars, romelic gamoiyeneba enis pro-
ducirebis, recefciisa da interaqciis dagegmvis, aRsrulebisa da monitoringis
procesSi. aRniSnuli punqti wakiTxul unda iqnes 4.4 punqtTan erTad, romelic
strategiebs exeba.
4. 6. teqstebi
komunikaciis aqtSi teqsti lingvisturi artefaqtia, romelic monawileebs
akavSirebs. is gamoaqvs produqtiul process da Seaqvs recefciul process,
xolo interaqtiuli procesis SemTxvevaSi TanamonawileTa alternatiuli
wvlilis Tanamimdevruloba (mag. dialogi) aseve erT teqstad ganixileba.
teqstebi (sasaubro da werilobiTi) komunikaciis nebismieri aqtisaTvis
gadamwyvetia, radgan warmoadgens movlenaTa jaWvis erTaderT xilul rgols.
teqstebi aucilebelia enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaSic, gamomdinare iqidan, rom
Semswavlelebs ZiriTadad, moeTxovebaT maTi gadmocema da gageba. eWvs ar badebs
isic, rom teqsti mniSvnelovania SefasebaSic, radgan testirebisas gamosacdel
pirebs xSirad erTi teqsti miewodebaT da moeTxovebaT misgan meoris ageba
(Tumca e.w. erTi unaris testirebaSi metyveleba, kiTxva, mosmena da wera cal-
calke mowmdeba. xSirad xelovnurad mcirdeba araSemowmebadi unarebis roli
mSobliuri enis, araverbaluri faqtorebisa da pasuxebis gamoyenebiT da a.S)
Ppunqtebi 4.6.1. _ 4.6.2 exeba teqstis mis matarebel saSualebasTan urTier-
Tobas da gviCvenebs, rom es kavSiri ubralod TviTneburi ar aris. Ppunqti 4.3.
axdens amomwurav aRnusxvasa da klasificirebas yoveldRiur gamoyenebaSi arse-
buli sxvadasxva tipis teqstebisa. Aaqvea mocemuli grafebi leqciebze da semi-
narebze SeniSvnebis CasaniSnad da teqstis dasamuSaveblad. SeniSvnebis CasaniS-
nad deskriptorebi mocemuli ar aris, radgan seminarSi monawileoba an univer-
sitetSi leqciis mosmena winaswar iTvaliswinebs enobriv kompetenciebs ufro
maRal safexurze. Ppunqti 4.6.4 ganixilavs kavSirs teqstsa da im aqtivobas So-
ris, romelSic is Cadebulia, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, es punqti wakiTxul unda
iqnes 4.4 punqtis saTanado nawilebTan erTad.
rogorc saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi, ise avTentikur gamoyenebaSi
mWidroa kavSiri im mizezebs Soris, romlebic ganapirobebs teqstis Seqmnas,
agreTve, teqstis matarebel saSualebebs, formas, Sinaarss da producirebul da
recefciul damuSavebaSi CarTul aqtivobebs Soris. Ppunqti 4.6-is zogadi
daniSnulebaa gamoikvlios da garkveulwilad moaxdinos aRniSnuli kavSiris
ilustrireba da kodificireba, rom daxmareba gauwios kompetenciebis momxmare-
bels dasmul kiTxvebTan mimarTebaSi.
nawili 5 _ momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetenciebi
mocemuli gzamkvlevi sakmaod detalurad exeba imas, rac moeTxovebaT
enis momxmareblebs / Semswavlelebs rogorc komunikaciis aqtebis monawileT im
teqstebTan mimarTebaSic, romlebsac isini qmnian an pasuxoben. modiT gan-
vixiloT is, rac adamianebs saSualebas aZlevs monawileoba miiRon komunikaciis
aqtebSi.
termini kompetenciebi exeba codnis sxvadasxva tipebs da unarebs kom-
pleqsurad, romlebsac adamianebi iyeneben. N[NB termini `kompetencia~ ucvlelad
gamoiyeneba kompetenciebis farglebSi, lingvistebi mas ufro metad mravlobiT
ricxvSi iyeneben, sxvaoba ricxvTa Soris stilisturia da ar iwvevs mniSvnelo-
bis Secvlas]
30
migvaCnia, rom praqtikuli gadmosaxedidan kompetenciebis klasificireba
qvemoT mocemuli sqemis mixedviT sasargebloa. Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom
am sqemas aranairi pretenzia ara aqvs, filosofiur da samecniero datvirTvaze.
Cven gamovdivarT im viwro mosazrebidan, rom mniSvnelovania, enasTan uSualod
dakavSirebuli, kompetenciebis gamocalkeveba, ufro zogadi xasiaTis matarebeli
kompetenciisagan. miuxedavad imisa, rom TviT enis muSaoba damokidebulia maT
mWidro korelaciaze.
5.1 zogadi kompetenciebi
5.1.11 deklaraciuli codna (savoir) 5.1.1.2 sociokulturuli codna
5.1.1.3 kulturaTaSoris gaTviTcnobierebuloba
5.1.2 unarebi da nou-hau (savoir-faire) 5.1.2.1 praqtikuli unarebi da nou-hau
5.1.2.2 kulturaTaSoris unarebi da nou-hau
5.1.3 egzistencialuri kompetencia (savoir-être) 5.1.4 swavlis unari (savoir-apprendre) 5.1.4.1 ena da komunikaciuri gaTviTcnobierebuloba
5.1.4.2 zogadi fonetikuri unarebi
5.1.4.3 swavlis unarebi
5.1.4.3 evristikuli unarebi
5.2 sakomunikacio enis kompetenciebi
5.2.1 enobrivi kompetenciebi
5.2.1.1 leqsikuri kompetencia
5.2.1.2. gramatikuli kompetencia
5.2.1.3 semantikuri kompetencia
5.2.1.4 fonologiuri kompetencia
5.2.1.5 orTografiuli kompetencia
5.2.1.6. orToepiuli kompetencia
5.2.2 sociolingvisturi kompetencia
5.2.2.1 socialuri urTierTobebis markerebi
5.2.2.2 Tavazianobis pirobiToba
5.2.2.3 brZnuli xalxuri gamonaTqvamebi
5.2.2.4 reestris sxvadasxvagvaroba
5.2.2.5 dialeqti da aqcenti
5.2.3 pragmatuli kompetenciebi
5.2.3.1 metyvelebis kompetencia
5.2.3.2 funqcionaluri kompetencia
5.2.3.3 sqematuri agebis kompetencia
5.1.1.1 samyaros codna
enis Semswavlelis codna samyaros Sesaxeb yovelTvis aRiarebuli
moTxovna ar aris. maSinac ki, roca bavSvi iwyebs axali enis Seswavlas saganma-
naTlebo konteqstSi, is ukve garkveul TanxmobaSia garesamyarosTan. Aaxali enis
Seswavla Tavidan dawyebas ar niSnavs. samyaros Sesaxeb arsebuli codnis didi
nawili SegviZlia sarwmunod miviCnioT. Tumca, maSinac ki, roca Semswavleli
zrdasrulia, ar SeiZleba sakiTxis imgvarad dasma, rom axali sityvebis swavla
Zvel azrebze mosargebad xdeba. sazogadoebebis mxridan im samyaros aRqma, ro-
melSic isini cxovroben da deben sakuTar koleqtiur gamocdilebas enaSi,
mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebulia. amasTan, aRniSvnis Rirsia isic, Tu zRvruli
donis zogadi da specifikuri cnebebis CarCo rogor moergo TviT sxvadasxva
enobrivi ojaxebidan momdinare ocze met evropul enas. saWiroa msjeloba iseT
kiTxvebze, rogoricaa: ena, romelic unda vaswavloT an romlis codnac unda
SevamowmoT, moicavs samyaros codnas, rac faqtiurad Semswavlelis mowifulo-
bisa da asakobrivi gamocdilebis miRmaa? Tu es asea, unda SevamowmoT.
aRniSnuli problemis Tavidan acileba yovelTvis ver xerxdeba. roca ar-
amSobliuri ena gamoiyeneba swavlebis saSualebad skolebsa da universitetebSi
31
(da TviT mSobliur enaze ganaTlebaSic), rogorc sagnis Sinaarsi, ise TviT ga-
moyenebuli ena axalia. warsulSi enis mravali saxelmZRvanelo, rogoricaa, ma-
galiTad me-17 saukunis cnobili Cexi ganmanaTleblis _ komenskis `Orbis pictus~-i, cdilobda enis swavlis struqturizebas imgvarad, rom axalgazrdebisaTvis Se-
eqmna struqturuli warmodgena samyaroze.
5. 1. 2. sociokulturuli codna zemoxsenebuli SeniSvnebi aranakleb miesadageba sociokulturul
sferosac. sxva xalxebis ukeT gageba da kulturuli sxvadasxvaobis TanagrZno-biT miReba, evropis sabWos mniSvnelovani politikuri mizania, romelic asec SeTanxmda saxelmwifo meTaurTa mier pirvel samitze. Eenis swavlas mniSvnelovani funqciis Sesruleba uwevs stereotipebis Secvlis mxriv. ena masze molaparakeTa kulturis umTavresi aspeqtia, garda amisa, enis Semswav-lelTa yuradRebis centrSi xSirad eqceva faqtobrivi codnis miReba im qveynis Sesaxeb, sadac am enaze laparakoben da im xalxis Sesaxeb, romelic mas iyenebs. momxmarebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom kompetenciebi ganasxvavebs am punqtSi ganxilul sociokulturul codnas punqtSi 5.1.2 ganxiluli socialuri unare-bisagan. sociolingvisturi kompetencia ufro mkacri enobrivi aspeqtebiT ganx-ilulia punqtSi 5.2.2. es yvelaferi erTadaa gasaTvaliswinebeli. Aaqve unda iTqvas, rom radgan ena sociokulturuli fenomenia, sociokulturuli aspeqtebi ara Tu Semoifargleba mocemuli punqtebiT, aramed misadagebulia.
5. 1. 3. kulturaTaSoris gaTviTcnobierebuloba
urTierTgagebisa da tolerantobis TvalsazrisiT Rirebulia, Semswav-
lelis mxridan sxva kulturis Sesaxeb ara ubralod codnisa da gamocdilebis
miReba, aramed maTi gamoyeneba, sakuTari kulturis kuTxiT gaTviTcnobierebu-
lobis gazrdisaTvis. maT, vinc icnobs mxolod im kulturas, romlis fargleb-
Sic cxovrobs da aRizarda, albaT, yvela Tavisi qmedeba bunebrivad miaCniaT da
maTgan gadaxvevebs aranormalurad scnoben. Tu sworad mivudgebiT, Se-
pirispireba kulturasTan, romelic gansxvavebulad awesrigebs movlenebs,
Semswavlelebs miiyvans sakuTari kulturis relativizaciamde da daanaxebs maT,
rom am kulturam sakuTari arCevani gaakeTa, adamianebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi
mTeli rigi SesaZleblobebidan, romelTagan arc erTi ar aris eqskluziurad
validuri. Ees gamocdileba saganmanaTleblo sferoSi mniSvnelovania.
5. 1. 2. 1. unarebi da nou-hau
kompetenciebi moqmedebazea orientirebuli. codna ganixileba ara rogorc
TviTmizani, aramed moqmedebisaTvis saWiro safuZveli. Uunarebi da nou-hau
Seucvlelia codnis moqmedebaSi Casadebad. isini, rogorc enis swavlis / swav-
lebis mniSvnelovani aspeqti, saSualebas aZlevs Semswavlelebs efeqturad ga-
moiyenon ena maTTvis saintereso aqtivobebSi. Ees principi mWidrod ukavSirdeba
motivacias da Tavidan gvacilebs `inteleqtualur cdomilebas~. SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom socialuri unarebi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa, radgan saSu-
alebas aZlevs Semswavlelebs miiRon sxva sazogadoebis wevrebTan socialuri
urTierTobis gamowvevebi, kulturuli Sokis gareSe, ramac SeiZleba gaaZlieros,
ara Tu dasZlios crurwmena.
5. 1. 2. 2. kulturaTaSoris unarebi da nou-hau
igive principebi miesadageba interkulturulobasac, rac ar niSnavs
mxolod imis codnas, Tu Semswavlelis kultura rogor kavSirSia sxva kultu-
32
rasTan, aramed gulisxmobs saTanadod moqmedebas orive maTganTan mimarTebaSi.
roca saqme gvaqvs mravalnairi kulturis momcvel situaciebTan, rogoricaa sas-
kolo kavSirebi, vizitebi da gacvlebi, stumrebi ganixilebian sakuTari kul-
turis warmomadgenlebad. maT SeuZliaT gaacnon sakuTari kultura maspinZlebs
da imisda mixedviT, Tu rogor iqcevian, gazardon saerTaSoriso gageba da Tana-
grZnoba masTan mimarTebaSi (an, sulac piriqiT!) maT aseve SeuZliaT gadalaxon
intereTnikuri gaugebrobebi bevrad ufro advilad im adamianebTan SedarebiT,
romlebic monolingvurni da monokulturulni arian. swored es Sinaarsi devs
lozungSi Einsprachigkeit ist heilbar! (monolingvalizmi gankurnebadia) praqtikuli
gagebiT, Semswavlels, romelmac SeiZina kulturaTaSoris unarebi, SeuZlia dax-
mareba gauwios maT, vinc am mxriv naklebobas ganicdis, mravalkulturuli kon-
taqtebiT savse situaciebTan Tavis gasarTmevad.
5. 1. 2. 3. egzistencialuri kompetencia
didi xania evropis sabWos Tanamedrove enebisadmi midgoma eyrdnoba im
princips, rom swavlis amocanebi unda efuZnebodes SemswavlelTa sakomunikacio
moTxovnebs da amocanebica da gamoyenebuli meTodebic mravalferovani unda
iyos, SemswavlelTa Taviseburebebisa da motivaciis gasaTvaliswineblad. ada-
mianTa komunikacia mTlianad gare faqtorebiT ar ganisazRvreba. zogierTi ada-
miani adreuli asakidanve Tamami da gabedulia, maSin roca sxvebi sifrTxiliTa
da TavSekavebulobiT gamoirCevian. zogierTi Zlieri nebisaa, zogic _ damTmobi,
mzadmyofi sxva TvalTaxedvis misaRebad da kompromisze wasasvlelad. erTni
optimistebi arian, sxvani _ naklebad, zogierTi spontanurad moqmedebs, sxvebi _
dafiqrebis Semdeg. zogierTi Sepyrobilia abstraqtuli ideebiT, maSin, roca
sxvebi mWidrod arian konkretul realobaze mijaWvulni. vercerT polarul
sxvaobas ver daviyvanT swor da mcdar alternativamde. maTi arseboba ganapi-
robebs adamianur mravalferovnebas da yovel maTgans wvlili miuZRvis jansaRi
pluralisturi demokratiuli sazogadoebis CamoyalibebaSi. Uucxo enis swavli-
sas ar unda velodoT, rom araferi vTqvaT iZulebaze, rom Semswavlelebi pi-
rovnulad Seicvlebian. Cven unda vecadoT davexmaroT maT TviTgamoxatvis gze-
bis povnaSi axal enaze da kulturul konteqstSi. Nnu miviCnevT aseT midgomas
xasiaTis sisusted an daTmobad. Ppirovnuli ganviTareba Tavad aris saganmanaT-
leblo mizani, xolo TviTSecnoba da TviTrwmena SesaZloa iyos sakomunikacio
enis swavlebis amocana.
5. 1. 4. swavlis unari
rogorc ukve iTqva, enis swavla sawyis etapze, roca ganaTlebis miReba
sruli datvirTviT xdeba, ver mogvcems garantias, rom Semswavleli srulad
iqneba uzrunvelyofili komunikaciisaTvis im doneze, rac zrdasrul cxovre-
baSi dasWirdeba. ufro savaraudoa, rom komunikaciis aucilebloba dadges im
enasTan mimarTebaSi, romelsac adamians skolaSi an universitetSi ar aswavlid-
nen. Nnaswavli enis SemTxvevaSic ki, misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes
sxvadasxva an specializebul sferoSi, ris SesaZleblobasac misi codna ar
mogvcems. roca enis gamoyeneba ar xdeba xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi, Cndeba
enobrivi danakargi da Semswavleli ubrundeba fsevdodamwyebis statuss da
saWiroebs mravali ramis xelaxla Seswavlas. xSir SemTxvevaSi, aseTi Semswav-
leli ver tovebs samsaxurs formaluri swavlisaTvis da iZulebuli xdeba
samsaxurSive iswavlos. Aaqedan gamomdinare, momzadeba damoukideblad swavli-
saTvis anu `swavlis~ swavla nebismieri kursis Semadgeneli nawili unda iyos.
igi unda davsaxoT saswavlo amocanad da imavdroulad SevimuSaoT da gamovi-
yenoT meTodebi enis swavlis unarianobis ganviTarebisTvis (ix. zRvruli done
33
1990 Tavi 13). punqtebi 5.1.4.1.-5.1.4.4. gvawvdis oTx TviTganmartebiT komponents imi-
saTvis, Tu rogor viswavloT swavla.
5. 2. sakomunikacio enis kompetenciebi
punqti 5.1 Seexo yvela zogad kompetencias, romelsac saWiroeben enis
momxmareblebi sakomunikacio aqtSi monawileobisaTvis. M mowodebuli miTiTebe-
bis mizans warmoadgenda eCvenebina, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs aRniSnuli zogadi
kompetenciebis gaTvaliswinebas enis SeswavlaSi, swavlebasa da SefasebaSi.
Aaxla yuradReba gadagvaqvs kompetenciebze, romlebic uSualo kavSirSia enas-
Tan, rogorc sakomunikacio saSualebasTan.
5. 2. 1. enobrivi kompetencia
veravin isargeblebs imiT, rac ar gaaCnia. Eenis yvela maswavlebelma da
Semswavlelma icis, rom esaa amosavali wertili. Lenobrivi resursebis Seqmna,
sityvebisa da maTi mniSvnelobebis codna sazriani, sworad formirebuli wi-
nadadebis asagebad, warmatebuli komunikaciis umTavres, gardauval moTxovnad
rCeba. zogierTi maswavlebeli swored amaSi xedavs sakuTari pasuxismgeblobis
arss SemswavlelTan mimarTebaSi, radgan es ukanaskneli Semdeg marto rCeba da
Tavad unda miiRos gadawyvetileba naswavlis gamosayeneblad. Mmoqmedebaze ori-
entirebuli sakomunikacio midgoma am amocanas sxvanairad ganixilavs. ena gamo-
yenebisaTvis arsebobs da enobrivi formebis codna TviTmizani ar aris. Aarc
formaTa manipulaciis unaria TviTmizani. enobrivi kompetenciebi unda Seiqmnas
komunikaciis swavlis bevrad farTo procesis Semadgenel nawilad. Kkonkretul
enasTan mimarTebaSi srulad gacxadebuli gacnobiereba enobrivi sistemisa,
arsebiTad safuZvelia enis kursebis saTanadod dagegmvisaTvis da Semdgom don-
eebze enis codnis SefasebisaTvis. zogierT, magram ara yvela Semswavlels, pro-
gresirebis kuTxiT gamoadgeba imis gacnobierebac, rom ena organizebuli siste-
maa.
enobrivi sistemis parametrebis zogadi CarCos saxiT warmodgena, prob-
lematuri sakiTxia. Eenebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba formaluri Tvisebebis
mxriv da mosazrebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad izRudeba es Tvisebebi
universaluri principebiT, aseve mravalferovania. erTni msjeloben TviTnebu-
rad, sxvani genetikuri gansazRvrulobis mixedviT. kompetenciebis avtorebi ar
acxadeben pretenzias am problemis gadaWraze da Semoifarglebian klasifi-
kaciis SedarebiT ufro tradiciuli aparatiT. aseTi midgomis mizani ar aris
normatiuloba. Mmomxmareblebs SeuZliaT dafiqrdnen warmodgenil sqemaze,
Tavisuflad Secvalon igi da aRweron sakuTari miznebi sxva modelis gamoyene-
biT, romelic ufro adekvaturad miaCniaT. erTaderTi rac moeTxovebaT, saku-
Tari aRwerilobis cxadad da gamWvirvaled formirebaa.
5. 2. 1. 1. leqsikuri kompetencia
momxmarebeli SeamCnevs, rom aq sityva `leqsikuri~ gamoiyeneba ara
calkeul sityvebTan, aramed enobriv frazebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic daculia
da gamoiyeneba rogorc erTi fiqsirebuli, ganuyofeli mTlianoba. maSasadame,
sityva `leqsikuri~ moicavs fiqsirebul frazebsa da idiomebs, magram ara yvela
sityvas, radgan kompleqsuri da Sedgenili sityvaTa formebi morfologias
eqvemdebareba, rogorc gramatikuli kompetenciis nawili. Ggramatikuli elemen-
tebi Sualedur pozicias ikavebs, isini sityvaTa martivi formebia, magram
mxolos gramatikuli konstruqciebis elementebis saxiT funqcionirebs. xSirad
terminis formis mqone sityvebi, Sinaarsobrivi sityvebisagan gansxvavebiT,
maRali sixSiriT gamoirCeva da daxurul nakrebs qmnis. aseTi sityvebi, propor-
34
ciuli gagebiT, mimdinare teqstis mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia, magram
mcire wvlili Seaqvs mis azrobriv agebaSi. isini konteqsturad prognozire-
badia da Cveulebriv iseT sityvebs warmoadgens, romlebic satelegrafo teqstSi
gamotovebulia, magaliTad: (I shall) arrive (by the) last train (on) Friday. (Camoval bolo
matarebliT paraskevs). formebis saxiT, isini gvxvdeba enis kursis adreul sta-
diaze da SeuZlebelia maTi codna swored am safexurze. magaliTad `a~ da `the~ artiklebi Cveulebriv pirvelive gakveTilSi gvxvdeba, magram maTi aseTi gamo-
yeneba zeda doneebze myof Semswavlelebsac ki problemas uqmnis. bevri maTgani
iseT gramatikul funqcias asrulebs, rac sxva enebSi sxvagvarad iwarmoeba (ma-
galiTad, fleqsiuri daboloebebi), momxmareblebi amjobineben maT mikuTvnebas
gramatikuli kompetenciisaTvis.
calkeuli sityvebis mier Sesrulebuli funqcia, rac gramatikul
urTierTobebze miniSnebas gulisxmobs, enidan enamde gansxvavdeba. inglisuris
msgavs enebSi sadac maTi roli mniSvnelovania, maTi klasifikacia problemas
warmoadgens. Nnusxa mocemuli punqtSi 5.2.1.1 gvawvdis klasificirebul ma-
galiTebs, romelTagan TiTqmis yvela inglisuridanaa aRebuli. Nnawilakebis ma-
galiTebi aRebulia germanulidan, sadac modaluri nawilakebi mniSvnelovan
rols asrulebs mosaubris midgomaTa gadmosacemad. Bbunebrivia, momxmareblebi
isargebleben mxolod im klasificirebuli nusxebiT, romlebic mocemul enas
yvelaze metad miesadageba.
5. 2. 1. 2. gramatikuli kompetencia
ukve aRniSnuli mizezebis gamo kompetenciebis avtorebi, iTvaliswineben
ra skolebis sxvadasxvaobas da evropaSi enaTa mravalferovnebas, sakuTar kom-
petenciad ar miiCneven im formis winaswar specifikacias, rac gramatikul kom-
petencias unda mieniWos. imeds vitovebT, rom kompetenciebis momxmareblebi gag-
viziareben sakuTar praqtikas ise, rom aRniSnuli punqtis safuZvlianad gad-
axedvis saSualeba mogveces. Ees gansakuTrebiT exeba SeniSvnebs sintaqsze.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT `mniSvnelobis gadmosacemad winadadebaTa organizebis
unari, sakomunikacio kompetenciis umTavresi aspeqtia~ da es punqti Tavisi ma-
galiTebiT cdilobs odnav ufro metad gaamaxvilos yuradReba `im parametrebsa
da kategoriebze, romlebic farTod gamoiyeneba gramatikul aRweraSi~. isec
SeiZleba moxdes, rom aq CamoTvlil kategoriaTagan bevri ar miesadagebodes
romelime konkretul enas da sxva _ aRwerisaTvis saWiro kategoriebi ki, saer-
Tod ar iyos warmodgenili. bunebrivia, aseT SemTxvevaSi, arideben ra Tavs idi-
osinkretul terminologias, kolegebi SeimuSaveben mocemuli enisaTvis yvelaze
ufro Sesaferis deskrifciul sistemebs. sxvebma SeiZleba miiCnion, rom wminda
taqsonomiuri midgoma, ubralod formaTa klasificireba, araadekvaturia. kompe-
tenciebi emxroba yovelgvar novacias im pirobiT, rom saboloo aRwerilobebi
momxmareblebisaTvis gamosadegi da gasagebi iqneba.
mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba gansakuTrebiT gaukvirdeT is faqti, rom ver Sex-
vdebian diskusias transformaciul generaciul gramatikaze, ramac umTavresi
adgili daikava Teoriul lingvistikaSi gasul saukuneSi. es ori mizeziT
aixsneba: pirveli imaSi mdgomareobs, rom es skola Tavidanve sajarod
Camoscilda enis swavlebas (`aleni da van bureni, Tavi 7, avtori Comski 1966). es
midgoma aSkara kontrastSia wina Taobis midgomasTan, romelmac bihevioristuli
fsiqologiis Zlieri zegavlena ganicada da diskreditebul iqna Comskis mier,
moRvaweobis dasawyisSive (Comski 1959; b. f skineris mimoxilva `verbaluri yo-
faqceva~ Language 35, 26-58). Mmeore mizezi isaa, rom am skolis mier lingvisturi
Teoriis ganviTarebam enis gamoyeneba uwindel realobas Camoacila, aseve uaryo
masTan uSualo kavSirSi myofi Zveli modelebi. Nnaturalur mecnierebebSi Cade-
buli codna samyaros Sesaxeb nabij_nabij ganviTarda, eqvemdebareboda ra em-
35
piriul validacias, maSin roca praqtika cxadyofs, rom es sul sxvagvarad
moxda lingvistur kvlevaSi.
Mmomxmareblebs, romelTac surT meti Seityon generaciuli (uaxlesi ga-
moyenebiT - universaluri) gramatikis Sesaxeb, SeuZliaT gadaxedon SedarebiT
adreul `klasikur~ models Chomsky, N. ,(1965) Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press, an Allen, J.P.B da Van Buren. P (1971) Chomsky: selected readings. Oxford OUP bolodroindeli ganviTarebis kuTxiT Radford, A, Clahsen, H da Spenser, A (1999)linguistics: an introduction. Mmomxmareblebma unda icodnen, rom arc erT
gramatikul Teorias ar aqvs sayovelTao mxardaWera.
5. 2. 1. 3. semantikuri kompetencia
semantikas xSirad uwodeben mniSvnelobis mecnierebas. Ggamomdinare iqidan,
rom adamianis sakomunikacio yofaqcevis yvela aspeqti mniSvnelobis mqonea.
isAama Tu im saxis informacias awvdis damkvirvebels, romelic saTanadod aR-
Wurvilia misi identificirebisa da interpretaciisaTvis. TiTqmis yvelaferi,
rasac moicavs kompetenciebi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes momxmareblis / Semswav-
lelis semantikuri kompetenciis aspeqtad. Aam punqtSi aRniSnuli ganxilva
ufro viwro farglebSia moqceuli, exeba ra mxolod enobrivi formebis
mniSvnelobebs da maT urTierTdamokidebulebas. Lleqsikuri semantika, exeba ra
sityvebis mniSvnelobebs (ufro zustad, leqsikur elementebs, ix 4.7.2.1.1 (a)),
gansxvavdeba gramatikuli semantikisagan, rac moicavs winadadebebSi sityvaTa
organizebisaTvis miniWebul mniSvnelobebs. winadadebis mniSvneloba nawilobriv
leqsikuri elementis SerCeviT da nawilobriv maTi organizebiT gadmoicema.
Ppragmatuli semantika exeba winadadebaTa (metwilad, logikuri winadadebebis)
urTierTdamokidebulebis formalur mniSvnelobas.
5.2.1.3 punqtis bolo abzacSi mocemulia deskrifciul lingvistikaSi arse-
buli ZiriTadi dilema, rasac iwvevs enis ormagi artikulacia. rogorc forma,
ise mniSvneloba sakmaod struqturizebulia, magram erTmaneTs Zalze TviTnebu-
rad eWreba. Ees gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia sityvaTa formebSi. JReradobiT
msgavsi sityvebi (magaliTad pit, pet, pat) mniSvnelobiT gansxvavdeba. mniSvnelobiT
msgavsi sityvebi, rogoricaa cxeni / faSati / kvici; xari / Zroxa / xbo, JRerado-
biT gansxvavdeba. iqac ki, sadac kavSiri, erTi SexedviT, axloa (magaliTad,
zmnuri formebi drosTan kavSirSi), Tu erTi sistemuradaa warmodgenili, meore
anomaliuri da aramdgradia. Ees safiqrals aZlevs kurikulumebis Semdgenlebs,
kursis damgegmavebs, saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebs - ra principi wamowion win:
forma aqcion organizebis safuZvlad Tu funqcia.
5. 2. 1. 4. fonologiuri kompetencia
es punqti ganixilavs enis, rogorc bgeris organizacias. fonetika, ro-
melic exeba movlenaTa jaWvs dawyebuli sxeulis moZraobebidan, romlebic
bgerebs naTqvamis akustikuri saSualebebiT gadmoscems, damTavrebuli maTi
sametyvelo bgerebad aRqmiT, SedarebiT stabiluria mravali welia. Ees imiT
aixsneba, rom fenomenebi, romlebsac is exeba, met-naklebad advilad xelmisaw-
vdomia uSualo damkvirveblisaTvis da warmoadgenda enis gamoyenebis im
aspeqtebs, romlebic pirveli iqna gamokvleuli.Bbgeris producirebisa da re-
cefciis procesebi kargadaa gagebuli, da sqemebi bgeraTa klasificirebisaTvis
_ saartikulacio (produqtiuli) an audialuri (sabazo) _ kargad ganviTarebu-
lia, maTi warmodgenisaTvis saerTaSoriso doneze SeTanxmebuli konvenciebiT
(saerTaSoriso fonetikuri anbani). Aam sistemis daxvewa yovelgvari zedmeti
Zalisxmevis gareSec SesaZlebelia, smenisa da saartikulacio treningebis pro-
gramis saSualebiT. aseTi saxis zogadi fonetikuri treningi swavlis swavlebis
aspeqtia, amzadebs Semswavlelebs iseTi gansxvavebuli bgerebis gamocnobasa da
36
gamocemaSi, romlebic, savaraudod, iqneba axal enaSi, ucnob kombinaciebSic ki
(ix. 5.1.4.2)
konkretuli enis fonologia exeba bgeraTa rols am enis sityvebze,
frazebsa da winadadebebze miniSnebiT. Aam mizniT gamoiyeneba SezRuduli
raodenobis bgeraTa sxvadasxvaoba, romlebsac gamoscems ramdenime gansxvave-
buli saartikulacio Jesti. maT enis `fonemebs~ uwodeben. sityvebze miniSneba
xdeba (Cveulebriv) mokle TanamimdevrobiT iseTi Jestebisa, romlebic Semdeg
qmnis Sesabamisi akustikuri efeqtebis Tanamimdevrobas. fonologiurad, frazebi
da winadadebebi Sedgeba aseTi sityvaTa formebis Tanamimdevrobisagan, romlebic
xSirad modificirdeba maTi konteqstis mixedviT da damatebiT xasiaTdeba si-
maRlis (intonacia) da JReradobis (maxviliT) gansxvavebuli prosodiuli max-
asiaTeblebiT. Ppunqti 4.7.2.1.4 detalurad warmoadgens fonologiuri kompeten-
ciis komponentebs. maTgan arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa:
1. enis fonemebis, sityvaTa fonemuri kompoziciis da saubarSi wi-
nadadebaTa maxviliTa da intonaciiT Semkobis codna.
2. fonemebisa da prosodiuli maxasiaTeblebis producirebisa da per-
sepciis unarebi ara mxolod izolirebuli saxiT, aramed sityvebisa da wi-
nadadebebis kombinaciaSi. mowifuli mosaubris SemTxvevaSi, fonologiuri kom-
petencia gaucnobierebeli Cvevaa. gaTavisebuli fonologiuri TvalsazrisiT,
aseTi mosaubre kvalificirdeba sxvaTa, Tundac dialeqtze naTqvamis interpre-
taciaSi. sirTule SeiZleba warmoiSvas iseTi bgerebis gamocemaSi, romlebic
fonemebs ar warmoadgens mis metyvelebaSi. Aaxal enasTan Sepirispirebisas, sir-
Tules SeiZleba warmoadgendes axali fonemebis, bgeraTa ucnobi kombinaciebis
aRqma da producireba, da mosmenilis Targmna moxdeba sakuTari fonologiis
mixedviT, ucxouri aqcentiT. Sedegad vRebulobT garTulebul komunikacias da
gaugebrobebs. Mmeore mxriv, enis kvalificiuri momxmarebeli, konteqstSi enis
gadaWarbebulad arsebobisas, SesZlebs mniSvnelobis rekonstruqcias. Eenis Ses-
wavlasa da swavlebasTan mimarTebaSi wamoWrili sakiTxebi ofciaTa formiT
warmodgenilia punqtSi 6.4.7.9.
5. 2. 1. 5. orTografiuli kompetencia
es punqti werilobiTi sistemebis Taviseburebs ganixilavs.
5. 2. 1. 6. orToepiuli kompetencia
es punqti exeba principebs, romlebic werilobiTi formebis gamoTqmas
gansazRvravs.
5. 5. 2. sociolingvisturi kompetencia
sociolingvisturi kompetencia exeba im codnasa da unarebs, romlebic
saWiroa enis gamoyenebis socialur ganzomilebasTan mimarTebaSi. socialur
kompetenciasTan dakavSirebiT ukve aRvniSneT, rom ena sociokulturuli fenome-
nia. Mmravali komponenti, gansakuTrebiT sociokulturuli, romelTac kompeten-
ciebis sxvadasxva nawilebSi SevxvdebiT, sociologinvistur kompetencias exeba.
aq mocemuli sakiTxebi specifikuradaa dakavSirebuli enis gamoyenebasTan da
sxvagan ar ganixileba.
5. 2. 2. 1. socialuri urTierTobebis enobrivi markerebi
momxmareblebma SeiZleba daintereseba gamoxaton im aspeqtebTan mimarTe-
baSi, romlebic gansazRvraven enis gamoyenebas Semswavlelebsa da enis sxva
momxmarebelTa Soris socialur urTierTobebSi. inglisuri enidan aRebuli ma-
galiTebi ubralod ilustraciulia: sxva enebSi urTierTobebi sxvagvarad gani-
sazRvreba. magaliTad, germanulSi der / ihr sie-is sapirispiroa, frangulSi tu vous-is sapirispiroa, rusul enaSi mimarTvisas mamis saxels iyeneben da a. S.
5. 2. 2. 2. Tavazianobis pirobiToba
37
samxreT britaneTis sazogadoebaSi arsebuli Tavazianobis pirobiTobaTa
sakmaod vrcel angariSs gvawvdis (zRvruli done, L1990, Tavi 11). es pirobiToba,
ZiriTadad, uaryofiT Tavazianobas exeba, anu, Seuracxyofis miyenebisagan Tavis
SekavebaSi mdgomareobs. Tavazianobis pirobiToba xSirad erovnebaTSoris gauge-
brobis wyaro xdeba. mosaubre, romelic icavs inglisur pirobiTobas da xSirad
mimarTavs mokle kiTxvebis, an iseTi frazis gamoyenebas, rogoricaa, `me
vfiqrob~, sxva sazogadoebaSi meryevad an naklebad damajereblad SeiZleba miiC-
nion. maSin, roca inglisuri pirobiTobis mimdevarTaTvis, metyvelebaSi aseTis
ararseboba SeiZleba qedmaRlobas an dogmaturobas niSnavdes. arsebobs
SemTxvevebi, rasac mowmobs me-4 qvedanayofSi mocemuli magaliTi, roca Ta-
vazianobis pirobiTobas ganzrax arideben Tavs. Tumca, albaT, ukeTesi iqneba
Semswavlelma uari ar Tqvas masze, Tu darwmunebuli ar aris, rom sworad
gaugeben.
5. 2. 2. 3. brZnuli xalxuri gamonaTqvamebi
midgomebis, Rirebulebebisa da mosazrebebis TvalsazrisiT, socialuri
solidarobis dasamyareblad an gasaRrmaveblad, adamianebi xSirad mimarTaven
sentimentaluri frazebis da winadadebis gamoyenebas Cveulebriv saubarSi. ing-
lisuri ena Tavs aridebs e.w. `kliSes~ (andaza da sxv.) gamoyenebas, rac SeiZleba
bundovnad da gaugebrad miiRos msmenelma, Tu misi mniSvneloba ar icis. Mma-
galiTad, fraza `ah, it's an ill wind~, naTqvami aRmavali intonaciiT, gulisxmobs, rom
cud situaciasac moeZebneba dadebiTi aspeqti. Tumca, enis Seswavlis procesSi,
garkveul etapze, gavrcelebuli andazebis Seswavla, SesaZloa Semswavlelis
recefciuli kompetenciisaTvis sasargeblo danamatic ki iyos.
5. 2. 2. 4. reestris sxvadasxvagvaroba
aq mocemuli magaliTebi gvTavazobs sxvadasxva gzebs, romlebic gvkar-
naxoben, rom esa Tu is moqmedeba unda daiwyos situaciasa da monawileTa Soris
urTierTobebze dayrdnobiT (rogorc aseTi, igi mWidrod ukavSirdeba 5.2.2.1
punqts). magaliTebi moicavs rogorc fiqsirebuli saritualo formulebis gamo-
yenebas, ise axloblebs Soris azrTa lakonur urTierTgacvlas.
5. 2. 2. 5. dialeqti da aqcenti
evropul enaze molaparake arcerTi sazogadoeba ar aris bolomde ho-
mogenuri. yovel regions sakuTari enobrivi da kulturuli Taviseburebebi ga-
moarCevs. regionebSi, sadac xalxi tipobrivi adgilobrivi cxovrebiT cxovrobs,
es Taviseburebebi gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia da miesadageba socialur klass,
saqmianobasa da saganmanaTleblo dones. dialeqtur TaviseburebaTa aRiareba
mniSvnelovani gasaRebia TanamosaubrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis amosac-
nobad. aRniSnul procesSi did rols asrulebs stereotipebi. droTa ganmavlo-
baSi, Semswavlelebs mouwevT sxvadasxva warmomavlobis TanamosaubreebTan
urTierToba da sanam moxdeba dialeqtis formaTa gaTaviseba, Semswavlelebma
unda ganixilon maTi socialuri TanamniSvnelobebi, agreTve Tanamimdevrulo-
bisa da mdgradobis aucilebloba.
5. 2. 3. pragmatuli kompetenciebi
lingvistikaSi termini `pragmatika~ SeiZleba gamoviyenoT winadadebebs
Soris garkveuli logikuri kavSiris dadgenasTan mimarTebaSi (SeadareT punqti
38
5.2.1.3). am punqtSi es termini ufro farTo gagebiTaa gamoyenebuli; misi Sedare-
bis viwro gageba metyvelebis kompetenciis aspeqtad ganixileba.
5. 2. 3. 1. metyvelebis kompetencia
metyvelebis kompetencia warmoadgens momxmareblis / Semswavlelis unars
aagos winadadebebi da daawyos isini iseTi TanamimdevrobiT, rom miiRos logi-
kuri mniSvneloba. mSobliur enaze ganaTlebis erT-erTi mizania ganuviTaros
axalgazrda adamians metyvelebis unarebi. ucxo enis Seswavla iwyeba mokle
frazebis agebiT, rac Cveulebriv erTi winadadebis farglebs ar scildeba. Uu-
fro maRal safexurze, metyvelebis kompetenciis ganviTareba, romlis calkeul
komponentebsac es punqti ganixilavs, sul ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba. Mmomxmare-
beli SeiZleba dainteresdes metyvelebis kompetenciaSi Semavali faqtorebis
mokle angariSiT, romelsac gvTavazobs Crystal, D. : The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Lan-guage, ganyofileba 20.
5. 2. 3. 2. funqcionaluri kompetencia
es punqti ganxilul unda iqnes 4.3 punqtTan erTad. Aaq makrofunqciebSi
moiazreba momxmareblis / Semswavlelis unari, aagos saubari sxvadasxva sakomu-
nikacio miznebTan SeTavsebiT, enobriv davalebaTa Sesrulebis procesSi. fun-
qciaTa sxvadasxvaoba ganapirobebs sxvadasxvaobebs enis gamoyenebaSi. magaliTad,
inglisur enaSi moqmedebis aRwera xdeba awmyo gangrZobiTi drois saSualebiT.
`I am picking up an egg and breaking it into a frying pan~. moqmedebis saCveneblad gamoiyeneba
martivi awmyo: `I pick up an egg and break it into a frying pan~. mikrofunqciebs ufro vrclad exeba zRvruli done - 1990 da zRvruli ganviTarebuli done. sasaubro
kompetencia ar gulisxmobs imis codnas, Tu romeli enobrivi formiT gamoix-
ateba esa Tu is funqcia (mikrofunqciebi). monawileebi Cabmulni arian in-
teraqciaSi, sadac yovel iniciativas mohyveba gamoxmaureba da interaqcia
grZeldeba, miznis mixedviT, Tanamimdevrul etapebad _ urTierTgacvlidan
saboloo daskvnamde. kompetenturma mosaubrem icis, Tu ra procesebi da unarebi
ganapirobebs interaqcias, makrofunqcia xasiaTdeba misi interaqtiuli stru-
qturiT. ufro kompleqsur situacias, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, gaaCndes iseTi
Sida struqtura, romelSic devs makro funqciebis Tanamimdevroba. Aam punqtSi
mocemulia rogorc umartivesi, ise yvelaze ufro kompleqsuri magaliTebi. erTi
mxriv, gvaqvs martivi inicireba / reagirebis wyvili, rogoricaa kiTxva-pasuxi.
zRvruli donis franguli versia Un Niveau-Seuil, TavSi Actes de parole mikrofun-qciebs sistemurad alagebs _ (I) iniciatorebad da (II) reaqciebad. martivi in-
teraqcia SeiZleba Sedgebodes aseTi wyvilebis mokle Tanamimdevrobisagan, ma-
galiTad, dawyeba+tranzaqcia+dasruleba, rogoricaa Semdegi:
ukacravad, qalbatono _ (I) yuradRebis miqcevis mcdeloba;
diax? _ (II) yuradRebis miqceva
xom ver mimaswavliT sadgurisken mimaval gzas? _(I) informaciis Txovna.
jer marcxniv wadiT, Semdeg - pirdapir _ (II) informaciis miwodeba
gmadlobT, qalbatono _ (I) madlobis gadaxda
arafris _ (II) madlobis miReba
enis kursebi xSirad warmoadgens enas dialoguri formiT, rac in-
teraqtiuli struqturebis magaliTad motanas gulisxmobs, rogorc es zeviTaa
naCvenebi. Tumca, xSirad struqtura gaugebaria, ase rom, Semswavlelebma ar
ician, rogor imoqmedon, Tu interaqcia konkretuli dialogis formas ar
miiRebs. Ees ki iSviaTobaa. Semswavlelebi momxmareblis avtonomias ufro ad-
vilad moipoveben, Tu iswavlian interaqtiuli strategiis kontrols. Ees
ukanaskneli gulisxmobs interaqciaSi Tanamosaubris monawileobis jeris gan-
sazRvras maSinac, ki, roca es Znelad misaxvedria. amasTan, saWiroa makompensire-
beli strategiebis gamoyeneba (ix. zRvruli done 1990. Tavi 12). is faqti, rom
39
monawileebs sakuTari kompetenciis farglebSi moepovebaT interaqciis nimuSi
(gansakuTrebiT, Tu es ukanaskneli rutinizebulia) ar niSnavs imas, rom mimdi-
nare saubarSi Seva nimuSSi arsebuli mikro da makro funqciebis yvela tipi.
saubris zogierTma stadiam SeiZleba dumilSic Caiaros, rogorc TavisTavad
gasagebma. interaqciis `gaadamianureba~ SesaZlebelia pirovnul sakiTxebze az-
rTa urTierTgacvlis SemotaniT. Tumca, monawileTa codna `miRma~ arsebuli
sqemis Sesaxeb gulisxmobs, rom misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia yovelTvis, roca
ki komunikacia aucilebelia. germanelma sociolingvistebma, daintersdnen ra
enis rogorc socialuri qmedebis TeoriiT, didi Sroma gaswies interaqtiuli
struqturebis irgvliv. momxmareblebs, romlebsac surT am sferos ufro siRr-
miseulad Seswavla, SeuZliaT isargeblon, magaliTad, konrad ehlihisa (Konrad Ehlich) da iohen rahbainis (Jochen Rehbein) SromebiT. Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom Se-
darebiT cotaa gakeTebuli zemoxsenebuli makrofunqciebis sqemaTa SemuSavebis
TvalsazrisiT. igive iTqmis tranzaqciis saxeebzec, yidva-gayidvis gamoklebiT.
evropis sabWo moxaruli iqneba, miiRos informacia kompetenciebis momxmare-
belTa mxridan aseTi sqemebis SemuSavebis mcdelobaze.
nawili 6 _ enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis procesebi
Tavi 4 miznad isaxavs detalurad gansazRvros is, rac enis kompetentur
momxmarebels moeTxoveba sakomunikacio aqtebSi monawileobis misaRebad, xolo
Tavi 5 gansazRvravs sxvadasxva tipis codnasa da unarebs, rac enis momx-
mareblebs zemoxsenebuli saxiT moqmedebis saSualebas aZlevs. Tavi 6 exeba
swavlisa da swavlebis sakiTxebs.
6. 1. ra unda iswavlon an ras unda daeuflon Semswavlelebi?
Ees punqti ganixilavs dasaxuli amocanebis Seswavlis sakiTxs. Ees
ukanaskneli ufro farTodaa ganmartebuli punqtSi 6.1.1. cxrilebi 1-3 me-3 TavSi,
asaxelebs ra kriteriumebs, romelTac unda pasuxobdes enis codna yovel
Tanamimdevrul doneze, SegviZlia miviCnioT im amocanaTa mokle ganmartebad,
romlebic ganvrcobilad da magaliTebis saxiTaa warmodgenili TavebSi 4 da 5.
punqti 6.1.2 ganixilavs Semswavlelis kompetenciis im aspeqtebs konkretul enas-
Tan mimarTebaSi, romlebic saWiroebs zedmiwevniT swavlebas. agreTve, aspeqtebs,
romlebic ukve arsebobs an romelTa daufleba sxvagvaradac SesaZlebelia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mravalenovani (plurilingvuri) kompetencia gacilebiT
ufro metia, vidre enobrivi komponentebis nakrebi. punqtebi 6.1.3 da 6.1.4 siRr-
miseulad ikvlevs mravalenovani (plurilingvuri) kompetenciis gansxvavebas
ramdenime diskretuli enis kompetenciisagan da gamoaqvs daskvnebi enis swavlisa
da swavlebis amocanebTan mimarTebaSi. mravalenovani (plurilingvuri) kompe-
tenciis individualuri enobrivi komponentebi araTanabaria, diferencirdeba
Semswavlelis gamocdilebisa da misi cvlilebebis mixedviT. Tumca, yvela es
cvlileba xelmisawvdomia gamoyenebisaTvis da momxmarebels SeuZlia sxva enaze
gadarTva situaciis cvlilebasTan erTad (im pirobiT, Tu Tanamosaubrec mrava-
lenovania (plurilingvalia), adekvaturi gagebiT). mravalenovan (plurilingvur)
momxmarebelSi diferencirebuli enobrivi komponentebis interaqcia xels
uwyobs enobrivi da kulturuli gaTviTcnobierebulobis ganviTarebas da gansa-
kuTrebuli wvlili Seaqvs pan-evropul (realurad, globalur) gagebasa da gan-
viTarebaSi gamomdinare iqidan, rom mravalgvarobis parametrebi ukeT aRiqmeba.
40
diferencirebuli komponentebi yovelTvis nawilobrivia. naklebad ganviTare-
buli ena ar aris ubralod arasrulyofili kompetencia, romelic moicavs ukeT
ganviTarebuli enis romelime nawils. xSirad nawilobrivi kompetenciebi
damatebiTi xasiaTisaa, magaliTad diglosiis SemTxvevebSi, sadac konkretuli
ena gamoiyeneba mxolod calkeul socialur konteqstSi (magaliTad, profe-
siuli an religiuri sfero), magram am mizniT, ufro adekvaturad viTardeba,
vidre ena, romelic zogadad ufro cnobilia. momxmareblebs vTavazobT Seamow-
mon sakuTari enis kompetenciis urTierTkavSiri mravalenovan (plurilingvur)
WrilSi da dafiqrdnen, xdeba Tu ara mravalenovnebis stimulireba sxvebSi.
mravalenovnebis principi Semdgom miesadageba sakomunikacio kompetenciis
ramdenime komponents, gviCvenebs ra yoveli maTganis met-nakleb ganviTarebas
nawilobriv kompetenciebSi, rac damokidebulia konkretuli enebis codnis fun-
qciaze da maT SefardebiT wvlilze Semswavlelis zogad sakomunikacio kompe-
tenciaSi. Aaqcenti keTdeba maT damatebiT xasiaTze.
6. 2. enis swavlis procesebi
6. 2. 1. daufleba Tu swavla?
es punqti kompetenciebis momxmareblebs sTxovs daakonkreton, ra gagebiT
iyeneben terminebs daufleba da swavla. bevr avtors termini swavla insti-
tucionalur swavlamde aqvs dayvanili, rac ufro formaluria; terminebi
Semswavleli da swavla ganzogadebuli gagebiT gamoiyeneba.
6. 2. 2. rogor swavloben Semswavlelebi?
Ees punqti yuradRebas amaxvilebs TeoretikosTa da garkveulwilad
praqtikosTa Soris arsebul azrTa sxvadasxvaobaze imis Taobaze, Tu ra ufro
uwyobs xels enis codnis gaumjobesebas _ enis praqtikulad gamoyeneba, Tu
formaluri instruqtirebis pirobebSi swavla. Ppirveli mosazrebis aqtiurad
damcvelTa Sorisaa kraSeni; ix. Kraschen (1982) da Kraschen & Terrel (1983).
6. 3. ra SeuZlia yoveli saxis kompetenciis momxmarebels gaakeTos
imisaTvis, rom gaaadvilos enis Seswavla?
Ees punqti ganixilavs, Tu ra rols asrulebs TiToeuli mxare enis swav-
lis procesSi.
6. 4. ramdenime meTodologiuri ofcia Tanamedrove enis Seswavlisa
da swavlebisaTvis
es punqti exeba Seswavlasa da swavlebaSi meTodebis gamoyenebis sakiTxs.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT pirvel TavSi, kompetenciebi ar emxroba romelime konk-
retul meTods, magram sTavazobs momxmarebels ifiqron maTTvis xelmisawvdom
sakiTxebsa da ofciebze.
im etapze, roca mimdinareobda konsultaciebi kompetenciebis pirveli da
meore monaxazebis irgvliv, mravalma kolegam SeSfoTeba gamoTqva am politi-
kasTan mimarTebaSi. isini acxadebdnen, rom evropis sabWo karga xans ibrZoda
enis Seswavlisa da swavlebisaTvis sakomunikaciod, rasac aSkara meTodologi-
uri safuZveli hqonda. Aar gvinda kompetenciebis momxmareblebs iseTi war-
modgena SeeqmnaT, rom Semdeg sabWom uaryo sakuTari pozicia da mkacri nei-
traliteti gamoacxada, rac Mmisi uwindeli midgomis mcdarobiT SeiZleba yo-
filiyo axsnili. sasurvelia, kompetenciebi miuTiTebdes, Tu romel ofciebs
aniWebs upiratesobas, an romelTa gamoyenebam SeiZleba ganapirobos uaryofiTi
Sedegebis dadgoma (magaliTad, gramatikuli / mTargmnelobiTi meTodebi an
struqturuli swavleba)
41
rogorc ukve ganvmarteT am gzamkvlevis 1.5 punqtSi, evropis sabWo uars
ar ambobs im midgomaze, romliTac icnoben da arc meTodologiurad neitralu-
ria. Mmisi principebi mkafiodaa Camoyalibebuli ministrTa komitetis cnobil
rekomendaciaSi R(82)18. proeqtSi `enis Seswavla evropeli moqalaqeebisaTvis~
Cadebulma kvlevebma da saqmiani Sexvedrebis angariSebma mraval meTodologiur
rekomendacias misca dasabami. yovelive es, daskvnebisa da rekomendaciebis saxiT,
gaerTianda am proeqtis saboloo angariSSi da mowonebul iqna samTavrobaTSo-
riso konferenciaze `enis swavla axali evropisaTvis~, romelic Catarda stras-
burgSi 1997 wlis aprilSi. Tavis mxriv, saboloo angariSma ganapiroba minis-
trTa komitetis axali rekomendaciis Seqmna (ianvari 1998) magram aRsaniSnavia,
rom kompetenciebs gansxvavebuli funqcia aqvs. man unda uzrunvelyos safuZveli
dafiqrebisaTvis da sakomunikacio instrumenti praqtikosebisaTvis anu maTTvis,
vinc uSualod monawileobs enis swavlebasa da SefasebaSi, mis administrirebasa
da mxardaWeraSi. mocemuli gzamkvlevis momdevno Tavebi eZRvneba sxvadasxva
kategoriis momxmarebelTa moTxovnebsa da interesebs; am TavSi mocemuli di-
reqtivebi savaraudod, yvela momxmareblis interesebs miesadageba.
Mmocemul punqtsa da mis qvepunqtebSi vcadeT erTobliobaSi gadagvexeda
ofciebisaTvis da SegveTavazebina kompetenciebis momxmarebelTaTvis maTze
dafiqreba. ra Tqma unda, SesaZlebelia, rom arcerTi ofcia ar miesadagebodes
momxmareblis pozicias. aseT SemTxvevaSi, momxmarebels vTavazobT sakuTari
poziciis gansazRvras maqsimalurad gamWvirvaled, definicias, rogorc kompe-
tenciebis potenciuri danamatis miwodebas sabWosaTvis.
6. 4. 1. zogadi midgomebi
am punqtSi mowodebulia 6.2-Si ganxiluli ofciebi, romlebic Semdeg-
nariad nawildeba: ubralo mimarTeba, gamoyenebad enasTan (ofcia a) TviTSeswav-
lis (ofcia e) da tradiciuli maswavlebelze orientirebuli swavlebis (ofcia
f) gziT da yvelaze ufro intensiuri interaqtiuli saklaso meTodebi (ofcia
i).
6. 4. 2. maswavleblebis, Semswavlelebis da saSualebebis SefardebiTi
roli
swavlis bunebasTan mimarTebaSi arsebul mosazrebebs didi mniSvneloba
aqvs saklaso organizaciasa da praqtikaSi, agreTve, maswavleblebisa da
Semswavlelebis yofaqcevis molodinisa da saswavlo saSualebaTa rolis gan-
sazRvris kuTxiT. saklaso oTaxi, romelSic swavlebis avtoritaruli meTodebi
gamoiyeneba, Zalze gansxvavdeba im garemosagan, sadac moswavleebi aqtiuri agen-
tebi arian da maswavleblebi mxardaWerasa da xelSewyobas uzrunvelyofen. Ees
punqti momxmareblebs sTavazobs ganixilon klasebis socialur xasiaTTan da-
kavSirebuli ofciebi da gakeTebuli arCevanis mniSvneloba. momxmarebelTa
yuradRebis centrSi eqceva evropis sabWos gamocema `komunikacia Tanamedrove
enebis klasSi~ (avtori j. Seilsi), romelSic aRniSnuli sakiTxebi amomwura-
vadaa ganxiluli.
42
6. 4. 3. teqstebi
am punqtSi warmodgenili ofciebi exeba sasaubro da werilobiTi teqste-
bis rolsa da bunebas rogorc recefciul, ise produqtiul WrilSi, enis Ses-
wavlisa da swavlebisaTvis. maT ganxilvamde, momxmarebelma kidev erTxel unda
gadaavlos Tvali punqts 4.6.
6. 4. 4. davalebebi da aqtivobebi
mocemul ofciebs Soris arCevanis gakeTebisas, sasurvelia me-7 Tavis
ganxilva, romelSic es sakiTxebi sakmaod siRrmiseuladaa mowodebuli.
6. 4. 5. sakomunikacio strategiebi
strategiebi, romelTa meSveobiTac xdeba Semswavlelis kompetenciebis mo-
qmedebaSi moyvana, roca xdeba sakomunikacio aqtivobebSi CarTva, detaluradaa
ganxiluli 4.4 punqtis qvepunqtebSi, radgan isini exeba yovel `aqtivobas~ (pro-
ducireba, recefcia, interaqcia, mediacia). Aam strategiebis ganviTarebiT
daintereseba enis Seswavlasa da swavlebasTan sakomunikacio midgomis erT-erTi
niSania, ganasxvavebs ra mas adrindeli midgomebisagan, romlebic enis codnas
TviTmiznis WrilSi ganixilavda. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis ganxilvisas, mkiTxvelebi
yuradRebiT unda gaecnon punqts 4.4.
6. 4. 6. zogadi kompetenciebi
punqti 5.1 farTod exeba komunikaciaSi enis momxmareblis zogadi kompe-
tenciebis mniSvnelovan rols. Tumca, definiciidan gamomdinare, isini uSualod
enas ar exeba. amitom gadasawyvetia, Tu ra adgili unda mieCinos maT enis kursSi
(Tu es saerTod saWiroa). Ees punqti mraval ofcias gvTavazobs. maTi ganxilvi-
sas, momxmareblebma SeiZleba moisurvon ama Tu im ofciis SerCeviT miRebuli
Sedegebis ganWvreta, rac me-4 Tavze dayrdnobiT udna moxdes.
6. 4. 7. enobrivi kompetenciebi
Tqmac zedmetia, rom enobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas udidesi
mniSvneloba aqvs meore an ucxo enis SeswavlisaTvis. cxovrebiseuli ga-
mocdileba da mSobliuri enis kompetenciis ganviTareba, raRa Tqma unda, xels
uwyobs garkveulwilad sakomunikacio kompetenciis sxva komponentebis ganvi-
Tarebas. gasarkvevia, ra adgili unda mieCinos maT meore an ucxo enis swavle-
baSi. Tumca, ZiriTadi problema is aris, rom mocemuli enebis arcodna komuni-
kaciis mTavari Semaferxebeli faqtoria. enobrivi codnisa da unaris mraval-
ferovani komponentebis efeqturad swavleba maswavlebelTa pasuxismgeblobis
arsebiTi nawilia. Yyvela enobrivi sistema sakmaod kompleqsuria. kompleqsuro-
bas ganapirobebs is faqti, rom isini evoluciurad viTardeba, socialur gare-
moSi mimdinare organuli procesebis saSualebiT da logikur konstruqciebs ar
warmoadgens. rogorc ukve vnaxeT me-4 TavSi, nebismier enas udidesi leqsikuri
da gramatikuli resursebi gaaCnia da faqtiurad yvela SemTxvevaSi, udidesi
Zalisxmevaa saWiro maTi aqtiuri daxvewisaTvis, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT drois
xangrZlivobaze. droisa da xelmisawvdomi adamianuri da materialuri resurse-
bis optimalurad gamoyeneba is problemaa, romelsac uamravi adamiani awydeba,
rogorc partniori swavlis TvalsazrisiT. partniorTa erTi nawilis mier
gakeTebuli arCevani yvela danarCenze zegavlenas axdens. ase rom, saWiroa gark-
veuli koordinacia ormxriv informaciaze dayrdnobiT. mizans warmoadgens Se-
43
Tavsebadoba da ara erTgvarovneba. kompetenciebis am punqtSi, iseve rogorc
yvela danarCenSi, vecadeT xelmisawvdomi ofciebi srulyofilad warmogvedgina.
xarvezebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, momxmarebels vTxovT mogvawodon ofciebi sa-
kuTari codnis, gamocdilebisa da gagebis mixedviT, rac aucileblad gamoadge-
baT momaval momxmareblebs.
6. 4. 7. 1. _ 6. 4. 7. 3. leqsikoni
aq aRnusxuli ofciebi, ra Tqma unda, ormxrivad eqskluziuri ar aris.
momxmareblebs SeuZliaT mogvawodon meTodebi, maTi gamoyenebisaTvis saWiro
kombinaciebi da moculoba.
6. 4. 7. 4. _ 6. 4. 7. 8. gramatikuli kompetenciebi
gramatikis swavleba enis swavlebis, albaT, yvelaze ufro sadavo da
imavdroulad mniSvnelovani aspeqtia. midgomebi sakmaod gansxvavebulia,
zogierTi ganyenebuli formalobaa, zogic molodini imisa, rom Semswavleli
TandaTanobiT aiTvisebs gramatikas, yovelgvari formaluri instruqtirebis ga-
reSe ise, rogorc es xdeba patarebis SemTxvevaSi pirveli enis swavlisas. arse-
bobs didi xnis tradicia, romlis mixedviTac, enis swavlisas progresi fasdeba
Semswavlelis unaris testirebiT, uSecdomod Seasrulos gramatikuli savar-
jiSoebi. am amocanas ramdenadme arTulebs is faqti, rom bunebrivi enebi Sorsaa
idealurad mdgradi sistemebis formirebisagan (SeadareT mocemuli gzamkvlevis
6.5 punqti). skolis moswavleebisaTvis gramatika erTgvari inteleqtualuri bar-
ieria, dakavSirebuli wminda formalur sizustesTan da gamousadegari _
mniSvnelobis gadmosacemad.
sinamdvileSi, piriqiT xdeba. Ggramatikis daxvewa gvaTavisuflebs
calkeuli niSnebis damaxsovrebis aucileblobisagan. Eenis swavlebisas gramati-
kis ugulebelyofa iwvevs SemswavlelTa dezorientaciasa da `fijinizacias~,
radgan amocanebi, Tavisuflad metyvelebis unari da sizuste erTmaneTTan wi-
naaRmdegobaSi modis. rogor mivaRwioT saTanado balanss? ra roli unda
iTamaSos gaTviTcnobierebulobam? ra adgili unda daeTmos savarjiSoebs? ram-
den xans SesZleben Semswavlelebi gramatikuli wesebis `atanas~ gamoyenebad
enasTan mimarTebis gareSe? rogoria asakis, gamocdilebis, ganaTlebis, goniere-
bisa da Semswavlelis tipis zegavlena?
es punqti ar gvawvdis arc pasuxebs da arc ofciaTa detalur sias. is
gansakuTrebulad amaxvilebs yuradRebas: a) faqtorebze, romlebic zegavlenas
axdens gramatikuli aspeqtebis mowesrigebaze enis kursebze; b) alternatiul da
damatebiT meTodebze, romlebic xels uwyobs gramatikuli kompetenciis ganvi-
Tarebas da g) savarjiSoTa formebis CamonaTvalze. mivesalmebiT momxmarebelTa
TanamSromlobas mocemuli punqtis Semdgomi ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.
kompetenciebi ar cdilobs daadginos zogadi wesebi da procedurebi
gramatikuli kursis Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis SesarCevad, Semoifargleba ram-
denime ZiriTadi SeniSvniT Tanamimdevrulobis Sesaxeb. standartuli gamoyenebis
gramatika xelmisawvdomia enaTa umravlesobisaTvis da momxmarebels vurCevT mis
gamoyenebas kursebis, testebis da a. S. gramatikuli Sinaarsis arCevisas. Mmomx-
mareblebma unda moaxdinon konsultirebuli gamoyenebiTi gramatikis identifi-
cireba.
6. 4. 7. 9. gamoTqma
es punqti uzrunvelyofs meTodebis CamonaTvals, romelTagan mxolod
ramdenimea kombinirebadi. vfiqrobT ra, Tu rogor gavuadviloT Semswavlels
zepiri naTqvamis gageba da formireba, momxmareblebs vurCevT isargeblon 5.1.4.2
da 5.2.1.4 punqtebiT da gzamkvlevis SeniSvnebiT am punqtebis Sesaxeb.
44
6. 4. 7. 10. orTografia
es punqti exeba enis werilobiT formas. mSobliuri enis ganviTarebisas,
bavSvis kontroli sametyvelo enaze, misi fonologiis CaTvliT, wera-kiTxvis
Seswavlamde, sakmaod kargia. anbanuri werilobiTi sistemebi ZiriTadad fone-
muria. magaliTad, finuri ena aseTia. Aam SemTxvevaSi, bavSvs sWirdeba ufro
metad gaTviTcnobiereba sityvaTa fonemur agebulebaSi da konkretuli fonemis
konkretul asosTan asocireba, raTa SesZlos nebismieri sityvis an winadadebis
dawera; da piriqiT, mas SeuZlia nebismieri dawerili sityva gamosTqvas spe-
cialuri swavlis gareSe. sxva sistemebSi (magaliTad, Cinuri) romlebic logo-
grafiulia, sityvebi da ara fonemebi warmodgenilia niSnebis saxiT. bavSvebi
cal-calke swavloben yoveli sityvis aRmniSvnel niSans. roca maT xvdebaT ax-
ali sityva metyvelebaSi, ar ician, rogor daweron is, da piriqiT, roca xvdebaT
axali sityva werilobiTi formiT, ar ician rogor gamosTqvan is.
Mmraval evropul enaSi (magaliTad, inglisurSi) ZiriTadad fonemaze da-
fuZnebuli anbanuri werilobiTi sistema daamaxinja istoriulma bgeraTa
cvlilebam (magaliTad, didi xmovnis cvlileba inglisurSi), rac asaxuli ar
iyo werilobiTi formiT, nawilobriv etimologiuri faqtorebis gamo (rogori-
caa survili, klasikuri an Tanamedrove enebidan nasesxeb sityvebs SeunarCundes
originaluri werilobiTi forma) da nawilobriv winaswar gamiznuli politikis
Sedegad, romelic gansxvavebul werilobiT formebs homofonebs miawers (erT-
nairi JReradobis, magram gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobis sityvebi). Sedegad, aseTma
enebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios ucxoeli Semswavlelebis (da TviT bavSvebis) mier
fonemuri da logografiuli principebis arevdareva, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca
asoebis saxelebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba maTi mniSvnelobebisagan. mravali
sityvis SemTxvevaSi, bgera da marTlwera urTierTprognozirebadia, magram
arcTu bolomde sarwmuno. Uucxoeli Semswavlelebi da maswavleblebi awydebian
problemaTa mTel kompleqss. mSobliuri enis mcodne Semswavlelebma unda
gaimeoron Tavdapirveli procesi, rac gulisxmobs salaparako enis ZiriTadi
formebis aTvisebas da Semdeg iswavlon maTi wera (`fonetikuri~ meTodi), Tu
daiwyon werilobiTi formebiT, romlebic ufro miesadageba teqstebsa da sax-
elmZRvaneloebs, da Semdeg iswavlon maTi gamoTqma? Sesabamisad, axali sityvebi
jer zepiri da Semdeg werilobiT formiT iqnes Setanili, Tu imisda mixedviT,
romeli forma aRmoCndeba pirveli TanamimdevrobaSi, rogorc es xdeba yovel-
dRiur cxovrebaSi? rogor iswavlon Semswavlelebma im formebis wera, romle-
bic, magaliTad, radio an satelevizio gadacemebSi SexvdebaT, an adgilobriv
mosaxleobasTan saubarSi? rogor SesZleben isini saubarSi im sityvaTa forme-
bis arCevas, romelTac kiTxvis procesSi waawydnen? Aam punqtSi mocemuli of-
ciebi aRniSnuli problemuri kvanZis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs exeba da moicavs 5.21.6
punqtSi wamoWril orToepiul sakiTxebsac. Ees ofciebi CamonaTvals qmnis da
sxvadasxvagvarad kombinirebadia.
6. 4. 8. sociolingvisturi kompetenciebi
6. 4. 9. pragmatuli kompetenciebi
aq mocemuli ofciebi mWidro kavSirSia 5.2.2 da 5.2.3 punqtebTan. Yyvela
SemTxvevaSi, erTi ofcia unda uSvebdes mocemuli kompetenciebis an strategie-
bis ubralod gadacemas mSobliuri enis gamoyenebidan. Ees ofcia ar gulisxmobs
kompetenciebis marginalizacias an uaryofas. sxva CamoTvlili ofciebic
yuradRebiT unda iqnes ganxiluli me-4 Tavis punqtebTan da am punqtebis Sesaxeb
gzamkvlevSi mocemul SeniSvnebTan erTad.
45
6. 5. Secdomebi
enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis arcerTi meTodologia ar iqneba
srulad ganxiluli, Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT Secdomebsac. tradiciulad,
Semswavlelis warmateba an CaWra fasdeba misTvis davalebis micemiT da am da-
valebis Sesrulebisas daSvebuli Secdomebis daTvliT. davaleba SeiZleba iyos
gramatikuli savarjiSoebi, Targmani mSobliuridan ucxo enaze da piriqiT
(pirveli da meore enis farglebSi), savarjiSoebi ramdenime savaraudo pasuxiT,
an nebismieri sxva varianti, rac moiTxovs dadebiT an uaryofiT pasuxs. im dros,
roca realur droSi saerTaSoriso komunikacia naklebad aucilebeli iyo da
klasikur enebsac jer kidev Zlieri gavlena hqonda, enis swavla saganmanaTle-
blo kuTxiT, gulisxmobda mkacri inteleqtualuri disciplinis uzrunvelyo-
fas, axalgazrdebis momzadebas kompleqsur da mxolod nawilobriv mdgrad
sistemebTan didi yuradRebiTa da sizustiT muSaobisaTvis.
enis swavlebam sakomunikacio mizniT, danergvisTanave eWvs qveS daayena
tradiciuli swavlebis Rirebulebebi da miznebi. Ddavalebis is tipebi, romle-
bic eqvemdebareboda Secdomebis daTvlas, amzadebda Semswavlelebs komuni-
kaciisaTvis Tu metad xelovnuri iyo am mizniT gamoyenebisaTvis? midgoma, ro-
melic gulisxmobda davalebaTa zustad Sesrulebaze fiqrs da romelsac ax-
lda SiSi umecrad gamoCenisa Secdomebis daSvebis SemTxvevaSi, gamarTlebuli
iyo Tu ara sakomunikacio gamowvevebisaTvis Tavis gasarTmevad? xom ar xdeboda
Semswavleli zedmetad frTxili, morcxvic ki, rac ganapirobebda uaris Tqmas
riskze da Semofargvlas mxolod imiT, rac usafrTxo da ukve naswavli iyo? Tu
orive, enis Tavisuflad floba da sizuste warmatebis kriteriumi iyo, xom ar
xdeboda maTi miRweva gamoyenebis farglebis zedmetad SezRudvis xarjze? xde-
boda SemswavlelTa gadamzadeba enis codnis srulyofisaTvis? xom ar arTmevda
mTeli es procesi axalgazrdebis farTo masas, inteleqtualuri elitis gamok-
lebiT, motivacias da xom ar ganapirobebda maT marginalizacias, rac xels
SeuSlida samomavlod maT momzadebas saerTaSoriso komunikaciisaTvis? Mmeore
mxriv, sakomunikacio efeqturoba, rogorc kriteriumi, sakmaod mdgradi iyo. enis
pleonazmi gulisxmobda, rom paralingvisturi JestebiT Sevsebuli `fi-
jizebuli” ena, SesaZloa efeqturi yofiliyo TanamgrZnob msmenelTan komuni-
kaciis damyarebisaTvis. iyo es misaRebi saganmanaTleblo TvalsazrisiT? ra
zegavlenas moaxdenda igi saerTaSoriso urTierTobaze? xom ar iyo es kidev
erTi magaliTi standartebidan gadaxvevisa, miRwevis dabali maCveneblis ad-
vilad miReba _ aseTi midgomiT `nebismieri gamodgeba~? Secdomebis gaTvalis-
winebiT Sefasebas gaaCnia kidev erTi teqnikuri argumenti Tavisda sasargeblod
_ is kargad gasagebi da praqtikulia. arsebobs sxva gza enis SefardebiTi cod-
nis Sesamowmeblad, progresis monitoringisa da problemebis identificire-
bisaTvis?
amJamindeli midgomebi, mosazrebebi da praqtika sakmaod mravalferovania:
am punqtSi warmodgenili ofciebis mizania daafiqros momxmareblebi da xeli
Seuwyos maT sakuTari midgomisa da praqtikis gaziarebaSi im aspeqtTan mimarTe-
baSi, romlebic jer kidev sakmaod sakamaToa.
46
nawili 7 _ davalebebi da maTi roli enis swavlebaSi
es Tavi sakmaod detalurad da siRrmiseulad ganixilavs sakiTxebs,
romelTac didi mniSvneloba aqvs sakomunikacio enis SeswavlaSi, swavlebasa da
SefasebaSi, rac taqsonomiuradaa mimoxiluli punqtSi 4.3. momxmareblebs
SeuZliaT es Tavi gzamkvlevis 6.4.4 punqtSi mocemul ofciebTan erTad
waikiTxon.
7. 1. davalebis aRwera
davalebaze dafuZnebuli swavla, bunebrivia, Zlieri da mzardi tendenciaa
sakomunikacio midgomis farglebSi. es punqti ganixilavs enis yoveldRiur
gamoyenebasa da enis swavlebis klasSi arsebul davalebaTa gansxvavebuli
tipebis maxasiaTeblebs.
7. 2. davalebis Sesruleba: kompetenciebi, davalebis pirobebi,
SezRudvebi da strategiebi.
7. 3. davalebis sirTule
es punqti mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli me-4 Tavis ramdenime punqtTan, ro-
melic exeba sxvadasxva sirTulis sakomunikacio davalebebis Sesrulebas, Ziri-
Tadad, saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi. kompetenciebis momxmareblebs saSualeba
eZlevaT gaiTvaliswinon isini, dagegmon davalebaze orientirebuli meTodebis
gamoyeneba enis swavlebaSi da mogvawodon pasuxebi sxva monawileTa mier das-
mul zemoxsenebul SekiTxvebze.
nawili 8 _ enobrivi mravalferovneba da kurikulumi
Eevropuli sazogadoeba aris da iqneba mravalenovani (multilingvuri) da
mravalkulturuli. mis farglebSi mzardi TavisuflebiTa da damoukideblobiT
moqmedebisaTvis, individebi, rogorc socialuri agentebi, unda gaxdnen ufro
mravalenovani (plurilingvurebi) da mravalkulturulebi. momxmareblebma unda
gaiTvaliswinon, rom sityva `multi~ aq erT sazogadoebaSi ramdenime enisa da
kulturis Tanaarsebobis aRsaniSnavad gamoiyeneba, xolo sityva `pluri~ aRniS-
navs erTi individis mier ramdenime enis da kulturis codnas. individi SeiZleba
plurilingvuri iyos monolingvur sazogadoebaSi da piriqiT, SeiZleba erTeno-
vanad (unilingvalad) darCes multilingvur sazogadoebaSi. ufro metic, mrava-
lenovani (plurilingvali) individi sxvadasxva enebs `wyalgaumtar kupeebSi~ ki
ar inaxavs, aramed axdens maT integrirebas gamdidrebul komunikaciur kompe-
tenciaSi, rac ukve ganmartebulia kompetenciebis 1.3 punqtSi. Cven dainterese-
bulni varT axlandeli da momavali moqalaqeebis plurilingvuri ganviTarebiT
Cvens multilingvur evropul sazogadoebaSi.
Nnawilebi 4-6, ZiriTadad exeba aspeqtebs, romlebic saWiroa mocemul
enaze komunikaciisaTvis amave enis sxva momxmarebelTan da am unaris ganvi-
Tareba-xelSewyobas. punqti 6.1.3 exeba individualuri plurilingvizmis da
plurikulturizmis ganviTarebas. Tavi 8 ganixilavs maT saganmanaTleblo
politikis kuTxiT. argumenti naTlad da damajerebladaa Camoyalibebuli, da ar
saWiroebs TiTqmis aranair komentars.
47
8. 1. definicia da sawyisi midgoma
am punqtis pirveli paragrafi momdinareobs 6.1.3. punqtidan. is aRniSnavs,
rom mravalenovani kompetencia `warmoadgens ara gansxvavebuli kompetenciebis
SeTavseba-misadagebas, aramed ufro kompleqsuri kompetenciis arsebobaa, rom-
liTac momxmarebeli isargeblebs~. Semdeg mocemulia SemoTavazebebi saganma-
naTleblo midgomebisa da amocanebis kuTxiT.
8. 2. ofciebi kurikulumis formirebisaTvis
aq aqcenti keTdeba mravalenovnebis mniSvnelobaze saganmanaTleblo
dagegmvaSi. axalgazrda adamianis zogadi komunikaciuri kompetenciis ganvi-
Tareba Tanamimdevruli procesis saxiT unda daigegmos da ar unda war-
moadgendes calkeuli, kurikulumTan garkveul mimarTebaSi armyofi sagnebis
gaerTianebas. kompetenciebis Tanaxmad, kolegebis TanamSromloba erTiani sas-
kolo politikis konteqstSi, aucilebelia im mizniT, rom ofciaTa identifi-
kaciisa da gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisas, moxdes gamWvirvale da Tanamimdevruli
midgomis SemuSaveba~.
8. 3. kurikulumis scenaris mimarTulebi
es punqti ganixilavs pirncipebs, romelTa mixedviTac SeiZleba Seiqmnas
integrirebuli kurikulumebi, romlebic moicavs enebs mravalenovan (pluril-
ingvur) WrilSi. magaliTebi mocemulia sami ucxo enis mixedviT. kurikulumebi
moicavs dawyebiT, sabazo da saSualo ganaTlebas da Sesabamisad saWiroebs
koordinirebul dagegmvas ara mxolod imiT, rom skolaSi swavlebis yovel
etaps kompetenciis sakuTari sfero aqvs, aramed im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiTac,
rom erTi saSualo skola SeiZleba emsaxurebodes ramdenime dawyebiTi skolis
momcvel kontingents da piriqiT. aqedan gamomdinare, kurikulumis Seqmna
moxdeba adgilobriv an regionul bazaze dayrdnobiT, Tumca masSi gaTvalis-
winebuli iqneba, swavlis arsTan urTierTobaSi, mravalferovnebac.
8. 4. Sefaseba da skola, skolisgareSe da skolis Semdgomi swavla
es punqti damatebiT ganixilavs ganaTlebis mniSvnelobas mravalenovan
(plurilingvur) WrilSi, maT Soris: skolis damamTavrebel etapze sxvadasxva
profilis validobis cnobis aucileblobas; skolis, rogorc aseTi, dawese-
bulebis saWiroebas, sadac miRebuli ganaTleba adamians cxovrebis bolomde
gahyveba; nawilobrivi kompetenciebis momcvel portfolios upiratesobebs, rac
plurilingvuri kompetenciis warmodgenis saSualeba iqneba da modulze da-
fuZnebuli sertificirebis Rirebulebas. Tavis daskvnaSi naTqvamia: `Cven winaSe
dgas amocana, ganvaxorcieloT proeqtebi da CavataroT eqsperimentuli samuSao
saskolo garemoSi da mraval sxva konteqstSi~. kompetenciebi guliTadad mie-
salmeba aseTi eqsperimentuli samuSaos Catarebas momxmarebelTa mier da maTi
miRwevebis moxsenebas evropis sabWosaTvis.
48
nawili 9 _ Sefaseba
kompetenciebi aris saerTo evropuli CarCo enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa da
SefasebisaTvis. aqamde aqcenti keTdeboda enis gamoyenebisa da enis momxmareblis
bunebaze, swavlisa da swavlebis mniSvnelobaze. Bbolo TavSi yuradReba
gadatanilia kompetenciebis funqciebze enis flobis SefasebasTan mimarTebaSi.
9. 1. Sesavali
es mokle punqti gansazRvravs mocemuli Tavis mizans.
9. 2. Sefasebis instrumentTa ganviTarebis da / an aRweris resursi
es punqti gamohyofs sam ZiriTad aspeqts, romelTa mixedviTac SesaZlebe-
lia kompetenciebis gamoyeneba:
1. gamocdilebis da testebis Sinaarsobrivi gansazRvra;
2. saswavlo amocanis dasaxvisaTvis kriteriumebis dadgena;
3. arsebuli testebisa da gamocdebis mixedviT, enis codnis doneebis
aRwera, rac SesaZlebels gaxdis Sedarebas kvalifikaciis sxvadasxva sistemebis
saSualebiT.
9. 3. Sefasebis tipebi
es punqti met-naklebi detalurobiT gvTavazobs yvelanair arCevans, ro-
melic unda gakeTdes Sefasebis proceduris CamtarebelTa mier. arCevanis vari-
antebi kontrastuli wyvilebis saxiTaa mowodebuli. Yyvela SemTxvevaSi gamo-
yenebuli terminebi mkafiodaa gansazRvruli. SedarebiTi upiratesobebi da nak-
lovanebebi ganxilulia saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi, Sefasebis daniSnulebis
TvalsazrisiT. aseve gacxadebulia ama Tu im alternatiuli ofciis Sesrulebis
mniSvneloba. Pprezentacia savsebiT gasagebia da ar saWiroebs damatebiT komen-
tirebas.
9. 4. ganxorcielebadi Sefaseba da metasistema
es punqti efuZneba dakvirvebas, rom Sefasebis praqtikuli sqema ver iqneba
srulyofili. ganxilva unda moxdes sqemis detalurobis mixedviT, magaliTad,
gamoqveynebuli sagamocdo silabusis SemTxvevaSi, im detalur gadawyvetilebeb-
Tan mimarTebaSi, romlebic exeba sagamocdo an testis furclis momzadebas.
Semfaseblebs, gansakuTrebiT zepirmetyvelebaSi, muSaoba uxdebaT sakmaod Sez-
Ruduli drois wnexs qveS da SeuZliaT gamoiyenon kriteriumebis mxolod Sez-
Ruduli raodenoba.
Tu Semswavlels Tavad surs sakuTari kvalificiurobis Sefaseba imis
dasadgenad, Tu ra unda gadalaxos momdevno etapebze, dro meti aqvs, magram
esaWiroeba seleqciuri midgoma, zogadi komunikaciuri kompetenciis komponen-
tebTan mimarTebaSi, rom isini misTvis Sesaferisi iyos. seleqciuroba SeiZleba
moicavdes martivi klasifikatori sqemis gamoyenebas, romelic, rogorc Tavad
vnaxeT sakomunikacio aqtivobebTan mimarTebaSi, SesaZloa auqmebdes zogadi
49
sqemis calkeul kategoriebs. meore mxriv, momxmarebeli SeiZleba miznad is-
axavdes zogierTi kategoriisa da misi eqsponentebis ganvrcobas ama Tu im
kuTxiT, mocemuli punqti ganixilavs wamoWril problemebs da ganxilvis ilus-
trirebas axdens ramdenime gamomcdeli organos mier SemuSavebuli sqemis,
rogorc kvalificiurobis Sesafasebeli kriteriumebis warmodgeniT. aqvea moce-
muli Sveicariis erovnuli kvleviTi sabWos proeqti video CvenebaTa Sefase-
bisaTvis, romelsac efuZneba me-8-9 Tavebis didi nawili da danarTi. cxrili 13
gvTavazobs kriteriumebis deskriptorebs, romlebic gamoyenebul unda iqnes
zogadi kvalificiurobis Sesafaseblad Cvens mier ukve xsenebul eqvsive doneze,
rogorc gamoyenebiTi standartis vertikaluri ganzomilebis safuZveli.
Tavi 9 saSualebas miscems mraval momxmarebels, ufro Rrmad Caswvdnen da
kritikulad ganixilon sajaro gamocdebis silabusebi da gaigon ra saxis in-
formacia unda warmoadginon gamomcdelma organoebma amocanaTa, Sinaarsis,
kriteriumebisa da erovnul Tu saerTaSoriso doneze sakvalifikacio gamocde-
bis proceduraTa Sesaxeb (magaliTad ALTE, ICC). maswavlebelTa trenerebs saSu-
aleba miecemaT gazardon maswavlebelTa gaTviTcnobierebulobis xarisxi, Se-
fasebis sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi rogorc sawyisi, ise kvalifikaciis asamaRle-
beli treningis farglebSi. isic aRsaniSnavia, rom maswavleblebs sul ufro
meti pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT moswavleebisa da studentebis Sefasebisas
rogorc formaciul, ise Semajamebel safexurze (SeadareT 9.3.5). Semswavleleb-
sac aqtiurad movuwodebT TviTSefasebisaken, iqneba es cxrili, kurikulumi Tu
moxseneba maT mier im enebze komunikaciis unaris Sesaxeb, romlebic, formaluri
gagebiT maTTvis ar uswavlebiaT, magram exmareba maT mravalenovan (pluriling-
vur) ganviTarebaSi (SeadareT Tavi 7). Eevropis enis portfolio SesaZlebels
xdis SemswavlelTaTvis, dokumentis saxe misces sakuTar progress pluriling-
vuri kompetenciis TvalsazrisiT _ aRnusxon enaTa Seswavlisas miRebuli
yovelgvari gamocdileba, rac SesaZlebelia adre ar iyo cnobili da damowme-
buli. portfolio xels uwyobs Semswavlelebs, rom maT mier yoveli enis Ses-
wavlisas, kvalificiurobis TviTSefasebaze aRnusxuli informacia regularu-
lad ganaxlebas eqvemdebarebodes. Ddidi mniSvneloba aqvs, dokumentis sarwmu-
noobis TvalsazrisiT, masSi informaciis Setanas pasuxismgeblobiTa da
gamWvirvaled. am SemTxvevaSi kompetenciebiT sargebloba gansakuTrebiT Rire-
bulia.
evropis sabWo moxaruli iqneba miiRos informacia yvela im pirisagan,
vinc monawileobs SefasebaSi calkeul doneebze. sainteresoa, rogorc maTi ga-
mocdileba kompetenciebiT muSaobisas, kerZod misi me-9 TaviTa da danarTiT
sargeblobis Sesaxeb. Mme-3, me-4, me-5 TavebTan da A-D danarTebTan erTad, me-9 Ta-
vis mier kompetenciebis Sesaxeb mowodebuli informacia, sruliad zedmets xdis
Sefasebis Sesaxeb calke Tavis CarTvas gzamkvlevSi. testis SemuSavebasa da sa-
jaro gamocdilebis administrireba-CatarebaSi monawile profesionalebisaTvis
SeiZleba saintereso iyos me-9 Tavis ganxilva ufro specializebul dokument-
Tan erTad, rogoricaa, m. milanoviCis (ALTE) xelmZRvanelobiT momzadebuli `ga-
mocda enaSi da testis SemuSaveba~. evropis sabWos es gamocema, romelic deta-
lurad exeba testis SemuSavebasa da Sefasebas da warmoadgens me-9 Tavis
damatebasac, aseve gvTavazobs mocemuli kuTxiT damatebiT sakiTxav literatu-
ras, danarTs sakiTxis analizis Sesaxeb da terminologiur saZiebels. Ees
gzamkvlevi, saxelwodebiT `gamocda enaSi da testis SemuSaveba~ xelmisawvdomia
calkec, ris gamoc saWirod ar CavTvaleT aq mis Sesafaseblad calke Tavis Se-
motana.
50
zogadi bibliografia
bibliografia moicavs:
1. naSromebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebul iqna kompetenciebis momzadebisas
2. naSromebs, romlebic SeiZleba sasargeblo aRmoCndes momxmareblebisaT-
vis Semdgomi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT.
zogadi bibliografia iyofa or nawilad. Ppirveli moicavs zogadi gamo-
yenebis naSromebs, romlebmac maTSi arsebuli Temebis farTo speqtris gaTval-
iswinebiT, SeiZleba momxmarebelTa daintereseba gamoiwvion. naSromebi, romle-
bic gansakuTrebiT miesadageba kompetenciebis TiToeul Tavs, anbanuri wyobiT,
Tavebis mixedviTaa dalagebuli.
DdamatebiTi specializebuli SeniSvnebis moZieba SesaZlebelia A da C
danarTebSi.
srulyofili vercerTi bibliografia ver iqneba. sxva Semdgenlebs is
SeiZleba gansxvavebuli siis saxiT moewodebinaT. Uufro metic, kompetenciebSi
ganxiluli sakiTxebis codnisa da gagebis srulyofisaTvis Semotanili metad
Rirebuli wvlilis moculoba yovelwliurad izrdeba. ramdenime naSromi ukve
gamoviyeneT. momxmareblebma, romelTac ar surT CamorCnen Semdgom ganviTarebas,
Tvalyuri unda adevnon gamomcemlebisa da wignis maRaziebis katalogebs, rom-
lebSic mocemulia yvela axali naSromi. aseve marTebulia im gamofenebis daT-
valiereba, romlebic maswavlebelTa asociaciebis Sekrebebs ukavSirdeba da
JurnalebSi mowodebuli mimoxilvebis gacnoba.
danarTi A: kvalificiurobis deskriptorebis SemuSaveba
es danarTi rCevasa da direqtivebs aZlevs momxmareblebs, romelTac
ganzraxuli aqvT SeimuSaon kvalificiurobis sakuTari skala, rac maT saSuale-
bas miscems ufro metad dahyon is eqvsi done, romelsac efuZneba zogadi
daniSnulebis sistema (ix. Ppunqti 3,5). mocemuli danarTi wakiTxul unda iqnes
me-3 da me-9 TavebTan, agreTve, me-4 da me-5 TavebSi mocemul skalebTan da Tanam-
dev danarTebTan erTad. Semdgomi gamoyenebisaTvis mocemulia anotirebuli
bibliografiac.
danarTi B: deskriptorebis ilustraciuli skalebi
kompetenciebSi mocemuli skalebi, metwilad, SemuSavebul iqna Sveicariis
erovnuli samecniero kvleviTi sabWos proeqtTan kavSirSi. Ees danarTi moicavs
aRniSnuli proeqtis meTodologiis angariSs da gzebs, romlebiTac gamo-
yenebuli skalebi da deskriptorebi Segrovda, gamoicada da SeirCa. mocemulia
mokle bibliografiac, rasac Tan axlavs me-4 da me-5 TavebSi arsebuli skalebis
mimoxilva. dabolos, CamoTvlilia enis codnis amsaxveli mravali skala, ro-
melic wyaros saxiT iqna gamoyenebuli zemoxsenebul Sveicarul proeqtSi.
danarTi C: DIALANG-is skalebi
es danarTi iZleva DIALANG-is proeqtis mokle angariSs SeniSvnebiT ro-
melmac SeimuSava kompetenciebis skalebTan mWidrod misadagebuli TviTSefase-
bis skalebi ToTxmeti enisaTvis.
51
danarTi D: ALTE-s `Can-do~ (`me SemiZlia~) gancxadebebi
ALTE aris evropis enaSi gamomcdelTa asociacia. igi aseve aerTianebs
ramdenime organizacias im evropuli qveynebidan, romlebic pasuxismgebelni ar-
ian enaSi codnis damdgen sajaro gamocdebze. asociacia xels uwyobs evropis
masStabiT enis swavlebis saerTo kompetenciebis ganviTarebas, axdens ra saku-
Tari wevrebis mier, enis gamoyenebis ZiriTadi doneebis, zogadi kompetenciebis
farglebSi, SemoTavazebuli gamocdebis sworxazovnad dalagebas. aRniSnuli
doneebi ganisazRvreba `Can-do~ gancxadebebis mixedviT da kargad miesadageba
kompetenciebis deskriptorebs. gancxadebebi amgvarad SeiZleba davajgufoT: 1)
socialuri da turistuli; 2) samuSao; 3) saswavlo, da gansakuTrebiT daa-
interesebs aRniSnul sferoebTan kavSirSi myof momxmareblebs.
numeracia
ZiriTadi koncefciebisa da terminebis numeracia aadvilebs gzamkvleviT
sargeblobas.
52
Ufnb!JJ!
Seswavla / swavlebis procesis
uSualo monawileTaTvis
!!!!!!!!!!!
53
!!
Ubwj!JJ!!
gzamkvlevi zrdasruli SemswavlelebisaTvis
avtorebi: f. rili, s. beili da m. j. gremo
kvlevebisa da enebSi pedagogiuri aplikaciebis centri
(CRAPEL) universiteti-nansi 2.
Sinaarsi:
Sesavali
1. moTxovnaTa analizi
2. gagebisa da gamoxatvis unarebi
3. Sromis organizacia
4. meTodologia
5. Sefaseba
6. swavlis tipebi
Sesavali
Ees Tavi gaTvlilia ucxo enebis zrdasrul Semswavlelebze. Mmisi mizania
maTi swavlis unaris gaumjobeseba (kompetenciebi 5.1.4 / 6.3.5) da daxmareba ucxo
enebis SeswavlaSi. safuZvlad gamoiyeneba Tanamedrove enebi: Seswavla, swavleba,
Sefaseba; zogadevropuli kompetenciebi da evropis sabWos Tanamedrove enebis
proeqtis araerTi publikacia. Aam Tavs aqvs `Teoriuli~ nawilic swavlis
kuTxiT, zogadi rCevis formiT, anu dasamaxsovrebeli principebi; teqnikuri ter-
minebis raodenoba SeZlebisdagvarad Semcirebulia, iseve rogorc momxmarebelTa
gamocdilebasTan dakavSirebuli praqtikuli magaliTebi, radgan yvela
SemTxvevaSi figurirebs Semswavleli.
nawili 1 _ moTxovnaTa analizi (ix. Kkompetenciebi 4 / 6.1.1)
roca xels hkidebT raime programas enis Sesaswavlad (kursebze Caweris
an damoukideblad Seswavlis gziT), urigo ar iqneba, hkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs, ra-
tom gsurT enis Seswavla, an ufro ukeT vTqvaT, rogor apirebT mis gamoyenebas?
sxva sityvebiT, ra saxis situaciebSi gegmavT am enaze komunikacias?
cxadia, is, ris Tqma an gagebac unda adamians, damokidebulia situaciebze,
sadac igi an mosaubrea, an msmeneli. nebismier sakomunikacio situaciaSi, ada-
miani asrulebs garkveul socialur rols da uwevs enis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva
mizniT: saTqmelad da gasagebad, rac xSirad gansxvavdeba. magaliTad, Tu gsurT
inglisuris Seswavla turistuli mizniT, unda gaxsovdeT, rom turists ar
moeTxoveba imis swavla, rac turistul biznesSi dasaqmebul adamians (ofici-
anti, gidi, moaxle, turistuli agenti da a. S.). Tqven ar giwevT imis Tqma, rasac
54
amboben isini. magaliTad, Tu sazRvargareT turistis statusiT imyofebiT, nak-
lebad savaraudoa dagWirdeT imis codna, Tu rogor unda aRuweroT antikuri
monumenti istoriul detalebSi Tqvens winaSe mdgar jgufs ucxo enaze. gidi
rom iyoT, es aucileblad iqneboda Tqveni erT-erTi movaleobaTagani. Sesa-
bamisad, turistsa da gids arc erTi da imaves gageba esaWiroebaT. turists unda
esmodes gidis maSin, roca es ukanaskneli mocemuli dRis programaze saubrobs
an ganmartavs romelime RirSesaniSnaobis mniSvnelobas. Uufro metic, Tu ing-
lisuri mSobliuri ena ar aris, turists mouwevs ucxouri aqcentiT nala-
parakebi inglisuris gageba. rac Seexeba gids, mas unda esmodes turistebis Se-
kiTxvebisa (im doneze, rom pasuxi gasces) da saCivrebis (im doneze, rom
ganixilos) mniSvneloba.
meore aspeqti is aris, rom msgavs situaciaSi monawileTa socialuri
statusi gavlenas axdens maT saubarze: es namdvilad asea gidebis SemTxvevaSi.
urTierTobaSi isini unda iyvnen sasiamovnoebic da Tavazianebic, magram arc
zedmetad distanciurebi turistebTan, rogorc sakuTar klientebTan mimarTe-
baSi. aqedan gamomdinare, isini ecdebian Tavi aaridon rogorc metad for-
maluri, ise araformaluri gamonaTqvamebis gamoyenebas, an iseTi toniT saubars,
rac gaugebrobis mizezad SeiZleba iqces. magaliTad, ucnob inglisel tur-
istebTan saubrisas, gidebi albaT Tavs aarideben:
· slengis gamoyenebas (`See you in front of the boozer at five~) · saxeliT mimarTvas, gansakuTrebiT, ufrosi asakis klientebisa;
· iseTi frazebis gamoyenebas, rac SeiZleba araTavazianobaSi Camo-
erTvaT (`Hurry up, or we'll be late!~ nacvlad `we'd better try to hurry a bit if we don't want to be late for the show~).
· mouTmenlobis, sarkastulobis an uxeSobis gamomJRavnebas saubarSi
(ix. kompetenciebi 5.2.2)
roca mSobliur enaze vsaubrobT, instiqturad viciT rogor movaxdinoT
situaciasTan adaptireba, ase rom `talRis sigrZes~ virCevT imisda mixedviT, Tu
ramdenad nacnob adamians mivmarTavT, ra Temis irgvliv vsaubrobT da komuni-
kaciis romel saSualebas viyenebT (telefoni, werili, Ria baraTi da a.S). ucxo
enaze saubrisas komunikaciis damyarebas vcdilobT sakuTari Cvevebis meore
enaze gadataniT. Aaqedan gamomdinare, madlierebas gamovTqvamT an bodiSs vixdiT
iseT situaciebSi, romlebic Cvens sakuTar kulturaSi moiTxovs madlobis Tqmas
an bodiSis moxdas. Tumca, xSirad aseTi saqcieli ucxo kulturis CarCoebSi ver
jdeba da gaugebrobebsac ki iwvevs. magaliTad, espanelebi frangebs pirferebad
miiCneven, radgan es ukanasknelni zedmetad xSirad ixdian bodiSs da madlobas;
meore mxriv, frangebma SeiZleba espanelebi miiCnion zedmetad familiarulebad
da uzrdelebadac ki, radgan isini `SenobiT~ mimarTaven ucnobebs. sinamdvileSi,
espanelebi ubralod iyeneben urTierTobis sakuTar wesebs, rac safrangeTisaT-
vis ucxoa (ix. kompetenciebi 5.1.1)
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ SeuZliaT Tu ara maT zustad an miaxloebiT mainc ganWvriton is, ris
gakeTebac saWiro iqneba naTqvamis gadmosacemad da gasagebad;
_ rogor situaciebSi SeiZleba aRmoCndnen:
_ akmayofilebs maT mier SerCeuli saxelmZRvanelo an kursi maT sakomu-
nikacio moTxovnebs, an Tu amzadebs maT kulturuli mravalferovnebisaTvis?
N
55
nawili 2 _ gagebisa da gamoxatvis unarebi
(ix. kompetenciebi 2.1.3 / 4.4.14.4.2)
pirispir komunikacia rom SevZloT rogorc mSobliur, ise ucxo enebze,
cxadia, unda SegveZlos Tanamosaubris naTqvamis gageba da sakuTari saTqmelis
azrianad gadmocema. rogorc ukve iTqva mocemuli gzamkvlevis pirvel nawilSi,
is, rac unda gavigoT ucxo enaze, SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes Cveni saTqmelisagan
im socialuri rolis mixedviT, romelTac vasrulebT (magaliTad, gidi da tur-
isti) da amas mniSvneloba aqvs swavlisas. mocemuli punqti gvawvdis damatebiT
informacias gagebisa da gamoxatvis unarebze, rom dagvexmaros samuSaos ufro
efeqturad SesrulebaSi.
1. gagebasa da gamoxatvaSi monawile mentaluri meqanizmebi gansxvavebu-
lia. tvini erTnairad ar funqcionirebs, roca ama Tu im Setyobinebis
mniSvnelobis gagebas vcdilobT da roca sakuTar miznebs, azrebsa da grZnobebs
gamovxatavT. aRniSnuli meqanizmebis codna saWiro ar aris enis SeswavlisaTvis,
magram SesaZloa gamogvadges im saswavlo aqtivobebis SerCevisas, romlebic
zemoxsenebul gansxvavebas iTvaliswinebs.
gagebis procesi hipoTezebs iyenebs: roca vcdilobT gavigoT vinmes
naTqvami, situaciis sakuTari codnis an sasaubro Temis mixedviT, vagebT hipo-
Tezebs misi mniSvnelobis irgvliv. es codna saSualebas gvaZlevs, met-naklebi
sizustiT, gamovicnoT ras amboben mocemul momentSi, ra SeiZleba Tqmuliyo
manamde da ra SeiZleba iTqvas Semdeg. miniSnebebi, romlebsac movipovebT Cveni
Tanamosaubris laparakis procesSi, adasturebs an aqarwylebs am hipoTezebs.
miniSnebebi SeiZleba iyos enobrivi (nacnobi sityvebi, frazebi an mTeli wi-
nadadebebi) an vizualuri (adamiani, romelic saubrobs nasiamovnebi,
gabrazebuli, Tavmobezrebuli Cans, imuqreba da a.S). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
faqtiurad, gageba ar moiTxovs TiToeul bgerasa da sityvaze gamodevnebas. (ix.
kompetenciebi 4.4.2 / 4.5.2.1)
meore mxriv, TviTgamoxatva gulisxmobs individis mier mocemul situaci-
aSi yvela xelmisawvdomi sakomunikacio resursis gamoyenebas, sakuTari azris an
grZnobis gamosaxatavad, sxva adamianebisgan ramis misaRebad, an nacnobobis
dasamyareblad. yvelaze mTavari aris TanamosaubreTa mier Cveni naTqvamis gageba.
am mxriv, unda gvaxsovdes erTi martivi faqti, rom gamoxatva aris ara
calmxrivi, aramed ormxrivi procesi: is gulisxmobs TanamosaubreTa naTqvamis
gaTvaliswinebasac, maTi reaqciebis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT, rom mudmivad vakon-
troloT ras da rogor vambobT. magaliTad, roca erTi Tanamosaubre aSkarad
ar eTanxmeba meores naTqvams an ver igebs mas, bunebrivia mosaubre Secvlis /
gaaumjobesebs / gaamartivebs / gardaqmnis sakuTar naTqvams an gaCerdeba (albaT,
momentalurad) (ix. kompetenciebi 4.4.1 / 4.5.2.2).
mosaubris umTavresi prioriteti sakuTari miznebis miRwevaa da zogjer
amisTvis yvelaze SemzRudveli saSualebebis gamoyenebac ki sakmarisia. wli-
naxevris bavSvs SeuZlia erTi sityviT gaagebinos dedas yvelaze rTuli movle-
nac ki, im pirobiT, Tu es sityva miesadageba arsebul situacias da imas, ris
Tqmac bavSvs unda. magaliTad, bavSvis mier naTqvamma erTaderTma sityvam `fex-
sacmeli~, SeiZleba dedas bevri gansxvavebuli ram mianiSnos:
· is, rom bavSvi ver poulobs Tavis fexsacmels;
· is, rom bavSvma es-esaa Caicva Tavisi saTamaSo daTunias fexsacmeli;
· is, rom bavSvma damala Tavisi fexsacmeli da unda dedasTan erTad
`damalobana~ iTamaSos;
· is, rom bavSvma Caicva dedis fexsacmeli;
· is, rom bavSvs fexi stkiva;
· is, rom bavSvs unda dedam gaxados an Caacvas fexsacmeli.
56
2. ucxo enaze saubrisas, xSirad vawydebiT sirTuleebs gagebisa da TviT-
gamoxatvis kuTxiT. Tumca, Tu fiqrs SevwyvetT, aRmovaCenT, rom aris raRac, rac
mSobliur enazec ki rTulad gvesmis. isic aRsaniSnavia, rom mSobliur enaze
viyenebT metyvelebis erT tips, maSin roca SegviZlia gavigoT misi mravalnairi
tipi. magaliTad, pacientebs, romlebic Tavad ar arian eqimebi, SeuZliaT gaigon
sakuTari ojaxis eqimis samedicino terminebiT naubari; studentebs, romlebic
Tavad, albaT, ver SesZlebdnen swavlebas, esmiT maswavleblis saubris
mniSvneloba. Aaseve SegviZlia gavugoT bavSvebsa da ucxoelebs, miuxedavad imisa,
rom maTi ena gansxvavebulia. Yyvela CamoTvlil SemTxvevaSi Cven gvesmis, magram
es imas ar niSnavs, rom iseve SegviZlia saubari. Tumca, Cveni gagebis unaric
SezRudulia. magaliTad, es damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad kargad vicnobT
sferos mocemul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi (ix. kompetenciebi 5.1.1.1 / 7.3.1.1). Sesa-
bamisad, SezRudulia Cveni mSobliur enaze TviTgamoxatvis unaric. qvemoT moce-
mulia ramdenime magaliTi, romelic cxadyofs, Tu ramdenad SezRuduli
SeiZleba iyos Cveni gagebis an gamoxatvis unari TviT mSobliur enaze.
davuSvaT saRamos gareT atarebT da SemTxveviT SeeswariT musikosebis
saubars. Tu saubari Seexeba musikalur Teorias an harmonias, an im kompozi-
torebis qmnilebebs, romelTa Sesaxebac araferi gsmeniaT, bunebrivia, Tqven
rogorc aramusikosi, daibneviT, gagiWirdebaT mosmena da SeiZleba iseTi STa-
beWdilebac ki SegeqmnaT, rom es xalxi `raRac abdaubdaze~ saubrobs. ra Tqma
unda, eWvi ar geparebaT sakuTar unarSi mSobliur enaze naubris gagebisa, ma-
gram unda aRiaroT, rom ar gesmiT naTqvamis mniSvneloba.
SeiZleba regularulad kiTxulobdeT yvelanairi saxis gazeTebsa da
wignebs, magram Tu profesionali ar xarT, albaT, Zalze gagiWirdebaT Jurnali-
saTvis statiis an romanis dawera.
radioTi da televiziiT yoveldRiurad usmenT profesionalebis mier mo-
wodebul axal ambebs an amindis prognozs. erTi wuTiTac rom giwevdeT ro-
melime maTganis Secvla, Tu dabadebiT mimikosi ar xarT, metad gagiWirdebaT
Tavis garTmeva, radgan sainformacio gamoSvebis wamyvanebi metyveleben spe-
cialurad damuSavebul enaze, romelsac TiTqmis araferi aqvs saerTo
Cveulebriv salaparako an Tundac Sexvedrebisa da komerciuli Sexvedrebis
enasTan.
mocemuli magaliTebi cxadyofs, rom enis codna an daxvewa ar niSnavs
imas, rom yvelanair situaciaSi SesZlebT gagebas an damakmayofileblad TviTga-
moxatvas; da Tu es realobaa mSobliuri enis SemTxvevaSi, orjer ufro
realuri iqneba ucxo enasTan mimarTebaSi. ase, rom nu iqnebiT zedmetad mom-
Txovni: nu moeliT, rom SesZlebT ucxo enaze gadmosceT is, rasac mSobliur
enaze ver arTmevT Tavs.
3. kidev erTi gansxvaveba gagebasa da gamoxatvas Soris Tavs iCens imisa
mixedviT, Tu rogor viyenebT am or unars yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. roca msme-
neli ar gvyavs, iSviaTad vlaparakobT, magram gagebis aqtSi martod yofnis
drosac vmonawileobT. vcxovrobT ra masobrivi sakomunikacio saSualebebis
epoqaSi, gacilebiT ufro xSirad gviwvevs mosmena, wakiTxva an gageba, vidre
TviTgamoxatva. diliT adgomisas, vusmenT amindis prognozs, rom vicodeT
rogori iqneba dRe; samsaxurSi manqaniT mimavalni, vismenT axal ambebs an vkiTx-
ulobT avtobusSi, matarebelsa Tu metroSi; saRamos vuyurebT televizors an
vwevarT da vkiTxulobT. roca vmonawileobT aseT procesebSi, ufro metad vge-
bulobT da SeiZleba TviTgamoxatva arc dagvWirdes.
4. zemoxsenebuli sakiTxebi metad mniSvnelovania enis swavlasTan mi-
marTebaSi. saklaso oTaxSi maswavleblebi da moswavleebi maqsimalurad
cdiloben TviTgamoxatvas, radgan miiCneven, rom laparakis swavla bevrad ufro
mniSvnelovania (yvelas aqvs saTqmeli) da rTulia (uamrav gansxvavebul movle-
nasTan gviwevs urTierToba). Aase rom, gagebaze muSaoba xSirad ugulebelyo-
filia gamoxatvaze muSaobis mizeziT. magram roca Semswavlelebi uSualod
kontaqtSi Sedian im xalxTan, vis enasac swavloben, or rames acnobiereben:
57
pirveli, xSirad TviTgamoxatva imaze ufro advilia, vidre egonaT, radgan
Zalze SezRuduli resursebis gamoyenebac ki iZleva `Tavis daZvrenis~ an `gage-
binebis~ saSualebas da meore, gacilebiT ufro rTulia TanamosaubreTa
naTqvamis gageba, radgan aRmoCndeba, rom isini laparakoben `saSinlad swrafad~
an `ylapaven sityvebs~ da a. S. (ix. kompetenciebi 7.3.2.2) ase rom, Tu Semswav-
lelebi ucxo qveyanaSi imyofebian da uZneldebaT am qveynis enaze mosaubreTa
gageba, es maT araadekvatur an arasaTanado momzadebaze metyvelebs (ix. nawili
4).
uSualod gagebaze muSaobam (avTentikuri Canawerebisa da mkvidri mosau-
breebis kuTxiT Seswavla) SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos gamoxatvis gaumjobesebasac,
radgan, rac ufro meti gesmiT, miT ufro advilad swvdebiT enis muSaobis prin-
cipsa da naTqvamis mniSvnelobas. TviTgamoxatvis unaris gaumjobeseba
mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli imaze, Tu ramdenad SegviZlia dakvirveba da
mkvidri mosaubreebis metyvelebasTan asimilireba (ix. kompetenciebi 5.1.4.4) .
Sejameba: gageba da gamoxatva ori gancalkevebuli aqtivobaa, romlebic
moicavs sakuTar specifikur mentalur procesebs da SeiZleba sxvadasxva dros
ganxorcieldes. enebis kuTxiT mravalnairi saswavlo masala da savarjiSo mo-
iZebneba, rac exmareba Semswavlelebs orive unaris gavarjiSebaSi. treningi
gagebasa da gamoxatvaze SeiZleba cal-calke Catardes mocemuli momentis
moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, magram unda gaxsovdeT, rom varjiSi mxolod mety-
velebaSi ver gaaumjobesebs Tqveni gagebis unars. imisda miuxedavad, Tu romel
maTgans aniWebT upiratesobas, arcerTi unari ar unda iqnes ugulebelyofili.
nurc is dagaviwydebaT, rom masalebi da davalebebi unda SearCioT im unarTan
misadagebiT, romlis gaumjobesebac gsurT (ix. kompetenciebi 6.2 / 4 / 6.3).
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ romels uTmoben met dros _ gamoxatvas Tu gagebas?;
_ SerCeuli masalebi da muSaobis teqnika miesadageba Tu ara im unars
romlis ganviTarebac surT? (ix. kompetenciebi 6.4.3)
amave gzamkvlevis me-4 nawilSi mocemuli rCeva momxmareblebs daexmareba
aRniSnul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemaSi.
N
nawili 3 _ Sromis organizacia
modiT, erTi wuTiT SevisvenoT da davfiqrdeT _ ra aris swavla. Aam sity-
vas imdenad bevri mniSvneloba aqvs, rom SeiZleba dagvabnios kidec (ix. Kkompe-
tenciebi 6.2.1)
`swavla~ da `daufleba~
adamianebi ase amboben: `me minda viswavlo inglisuri~ (an franguli, an
arabuli an suahili). sinamdvileSi, ufro zusti iqneba, Tuki vityviT: `me minda
daveuflo inglisurs~. ratom?
Cveni mizania, ena, romelsac vswavlobT gamoviyenoT: werisas, Sexvedris
dasaniSnad, axali ambebis mosasmenad, nanaxi filmis komentirebisaTvis, megobris
monaTxrobiT garTobisaTvis. gvinda, rom didxans ar vfiqrobdeT, Tu rogor
gadmovceT sakuTari saTqmeli, rom sityvebi da frazebi met-naklebad av-
tomaturad modiodes ise, rom mxolod konkretuli gacnobierebuli arCevanis
gakeTebaRa iyos saWiro (sityvebis frTxilad SerCeva, rom aravis mivayenoT
Seuracxyofa; sakuTari TavisaTvis kiTxvis dasma, saTanadod gavigeT Tu ara mo-
58
saubris azrebi da a.S). roca vxvdebiT, rom vaxerxebT enis amgvarad, gaucno-
biereblad gamoyenebas, SegviZlia ganvacxadoT, rom daveufleT saWiro codnasa
da unarebs saTanado moculobiT, gamomdinare iqidan, rom am codnas da unarebs
sakuTari adgili aqvs Cvens gonebaSi da maTi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia maSinve,
rogorc ki sakomunikacio situaciaSi aRmovCndebiT. Tu es asea, maSin swavla
raRa aris? Cven vapirebT termini `swavla~ kvlavac im aqtivobebTan mimarTebaSi
gamoviyenoT, romelTac gacnobierebulad da organizebulad vasrulebT im
mizniT, rom gaviumjobesoT codna da unarebi (rac, am konkretul situaciaSi
niSnavs inglisuris, frangulis da a. S. codnasac da ufro metad gamoyenebasac).
warmoidgineT, rom es-esaa daasruleT xuTi savarjiSo inglisur enaSi warsuli
drois gamoyenebaze. Tqven iswavleT rogor unda gamoiyenoT es dro. mogviane-
biT, inglisurenovan mosaubresTan laparakisas, amCnevT, rom kvlav uSvebT Sec-
domebs, anu am drois codnas jer kidev ar dauflebixarT srulad. Ees imas ar
niSnavs, rom Tqveni mcdeloba _ geswavlaT, marcxiT dasrulda, an imas, rom
cudi moswavle xarT. Ees ubralod cxadyofs, Tu raoden didia gansxvaveba
swavlasa da dauflebas Soris. Aaseve, mniSvnelovania imis damaxsovrebac, rom
cxovrebis ama Tu im etapze yvela eufleba garkveuli saxis codnas arafor-
malurad, uswavlelad, ise _ TiTqos skolaSi iyvnen.
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ ramdenad axsovT, marTla iswavles Tu ara velosipedis tareba? Aan
dauToeba? Aan simRera?
_ asrulebdnen Tu ara savarjiSoebs, an mimarTaven Tu ara eqspertis dax-
marebas?
Aam kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemiT SeiZleba gairkves, Tu romel unars daeu-
fleT TiTqmis uswavlelad.
dauflebis procesi
Tu gsurT gaigoT, rogoria Tanamedrove midgoma dauflebis procesTan
mimarTebaSi, ixileT kompetenciebi 6.2.2
Aaxali unarebis SeZenisa da axali codnis dauflebisaTvis, saWiroa axal
situaciasTan Sepirispireba, sadac aRmoCndeba, rom Cvens xelT arsebuli codna
araadekvaturia da saTanadod moqmedebis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs.AmagaliTad,
ver vaxerxebT mocemul situaciaSi wamoWrili problemebisaTvis Tavis garTme-
vas. aseTi ram SeiZleba yvelanair viTarebaSi SegvemTxves, dawyebuli velosipe-
dis tarebiTa da axali tipis fuTis gaxsniT, damTavrebuli enis gamoyenebiT.
upirveles yovlisa, unda gavacnobieroT, rom Cveni Zveli codna saSualebas ar
gvaZlevs gavumklavdeT wamoWril problemebs da rom codnis es deficiti samu-
damod unda SevivsoT. (SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom Tavs axali codnis dauflebis
gareSec gavitanT, magaliTad, axleburi tipis fuTas gaxeviT gavxsniT, sxva
SemTxvevaSi Jestebs gamoviyenebT da a.S). momdevno etapze muSaobaSi erTveba
goneba, romelic cdilobs mocemuli siaxlis rogorRac mowesrigebas, rom mas
mniSvneloba mianiWos. is ecdeba gamoZebnos axali sagnebi (velosipedis
nawilebi, enaSi _ sityvebi) da miakvlios maTi muSaobis wesebs. Aamis gasakeTe-
blad, goneba gamoiyenebs ukve miRebul codnas, magaliTad, axali enis gamoyene-
bisas sityvebs imitom veZebT, rom viciT _ zogierT sxva enaSic sityvebia, da
gvgonia rom yvela ena sityvebisagan Sedgeba. vecdebiT garkveuli kavSiri da-
vamyaroT arsebul situaciasa da naTqvams Soris, radgan viciT, rom CvenTvis
nacnob enebSi msgavsi kavSiri arsebobs.
mecniereba am process monacemTa damuSavebasa da samoqmedo wesebis
dadgenas uwodebs (ix. kompetenciebi 6.2.2.1). zemoxsenebuli funqciis Ses-
rulebisas, goneba agebs axal codnas, magram dauflebis TvalsazrisiT, procesi
axaldawyebulia: imisaTvis, rom axladmopovebuli codna gamosadegi iyos, is
unda gamoicados gansxvavebul situaciebSi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, goneba
agebs garkveul nou-haus am axali codnis irgvliv: rogor konteqstSia misi ga-
59
moyeneba SesaZlebeli, rogor icvleba da rogor unda mivusadagoT igi sakuTari
Tavs (imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogor qmedebas vamjobinebT, rogor
vumklavdebiT sirTuleebs).
davadgenT ra wesebs, Semdgomi garTulebebis Tavidan acilebiT (anu ga-
mocdis procesi warmatebiT sruldeba), vimaxsovrebT maT da isini iZens im cod-
nisa da unarebis axali formebis saxes, romelTa gamoyenebac gvinda SevZloT.
mocemul etapze iseTi STabeWdileba gveqmneba, rom am konkretul situaciaSi
SegviZlia yovelgvari garTulebis gareSe moqmedeba. daufleba moxda da Cven
viciT es.
Ppatara xumroba TvalsaCinoebisaTvis
Pplaneta veneras mkvidri, saxelad mungo peri, romelic laparakobs
mxolod sakuTari planetis enaze, vizitiT Cadis safrangeTSi. is Cerdeba patara
sastumroSi, sadac yovel saRamos vaxSmobs. Ppirvel saRamos, sastumros kidev
erTi stumari, frangi mamakaci, Sedis restoranSi da jdeba magidasTan Cveni
mungos gverdiT. igi trialdeba mungosken da RimiliT eubneba `Bon appétit~ (`gaamoT~, `madianad miirTviT~). `aha~, fiqrobs Cveni gmiri (romelmac, gexsomebaT,
franguli ar icis), `es kaci sakuTar Tavs macnobs; Tavaziania, ase rom mec
aseTive viqnebi~ da RimiliTve pasuxobs `mungo peri~. meore saRamos frangi isev modis da mungos imave gamamxnevebeli `Bon appétit~-iT esalmeba, razec es ukanask-
neli maSinve pasuxobs ` mongopéri~, rac SeiZleba megobrulad. Ees patara scena
meordeba ramdenime saRamos ganmavlobaSi, sanam Cveni gmiri, romelmac Tavaziani
mister bonapetitis Sesaxeb Tavis orenovan megobars mouTxro, simarTles ar
gaigebs: `Bon appétit~ am frangi mamakacis saxeli ki ar aris, aramed frangebis mi-
marTvis erT-erTi formaa, rom usurvon erTmaneTs sasiamovno trapezi!~ imave
saRamos, Cveni mungo Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas _ praqtikulad gamoiyenos
Tavisi axali codna da iRebs iniciativas. frangi dajdomasac ver aswrebs, rom
Cveni gmiri triumfaluri `Bon appétit~-iT esalmeba mas. Ffraza savsebiT gasagebad
JRers, gamoTqmaSi mcireodeni sirTuleebis miuxedavad. frangi, romelsac ar
surs ise gamoCndes, rom TiTqos mas aklia kargi interkulturuli manerebi,
Zalze megobrulad pasuxobs: `mongopéri~! (,,mungoperi~).
es patara xumroba gviCvenebs, rom samoqmedo wesebi, romelTac goneba
ayalibebs situaciis mixedviT, yovelTvis swori ar aris. amitom aucilebelia
maTi gamocda sxva situaciebSi gamoyenebamde. specialistebi SemTxveviT ar
fiqroben, rom saWiroa Secdomebis daSveba (ra Tqma unda, im pirobiT, Tu maT
vacnobierebT), radgan es Secdomebi saSualebas gvaZlevs SevamowmoT Cvens mier
dadgenili samoqmedo wesebi da maTi gamoyenebis xarisxi. es mniSvnelovani sa-
kiTxi ganxilulia Sefasebis punqtSi, nawili 5.
rogor movaxerxoT TviTorganizeba (anu swavlidan dauflebamde)
maSasadame, swavla SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes aqtivobebis gacnobierebulad
organizebis iseT gzad, romelsac mivusadagebT gonebis gaucnobierebel qmede-
bas da amasTan, movaxdenT mis optimizacias. roca is, ris dauflebac gvsurs,
Zalze CaxlarTulia, swavla SeiZleba dagvexmaros mis ufro advilad da siRr-
miseulad dauflebaSi. magaliTad, miCneulia, rom enis daufleba xdeba misi Ses-
wavlis gziT. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom es SeiZleba moxerxdes swavlis gare-
Sec _ gacnobierebulad da organizebulad (rac, magaliTad, xSiria imigran-
tebSi). savarjiSoebis Sesruleba, gramatikuli wesebis swavla da axali leqsi-
kuri masalis damaxsovreba is gacnobierebuli aqtivobebia, romelTa organize-
basac vaxdenT swavlis mizniT.
Oorganizebulad swavlis erT-erTi tradiciuli gza swavlebaa. adamianebi
xSirad amjobineben enebis Seswavlas swavlebiT: isini ewerebian enis kursebze
(maSinac ki, roca isini kerZoa da satelefono!) Tumca, mniSvnelovania imis gac-
60
nobiereba, rom maswavlebels SeuZlia mxolod daxmareba swavlaSi; daufleba
xdeba uSualod Semswavlelis mier. Uufro metic, yovelTvis SesaZlebeli ar
aris imis swavleba, ris dauflebac gvsurs. Mmeore mxriv, sul ufro izrdeba im
saSualebaTa xelmisawvdomoba, romlebiTac SesaZlebelia swavla swavlebis ga-
reSe. ase rom, cxadia, yvela SemswavlelisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba imis codna,
Tu rogor miudgnen swavlas (ix. Kkompetenciebi 6.3.5 / 6.4).
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ Tu romel saswavlo aqtivobebs icnoben; maTgan romeli miaCniaT sa-
sargeblod an mosabezreblad;
_ odesme Tu fiqroben konkretuli aqtivobebis Rirebulebaze;
_ SeuZliaT Tu ara gagebis gaumjobesebisaTvis sasargeblo davalebebis
gansxvaveba im davalebebisagan, romlebic gamoxatvis gaumjobesebas exmareba.
imisaTvis, rom Tqveni saswavlo programa ukeT iyos organizebuli, gasaT-
valiswinebelia sami mniSvnelovani faza:
arsebobs gansxvavebuli fazebi (ix. kompetenciebi 6.4.1 / 6.4.2).
rogorc vnaxeT, daufleba etapobrivad xdeba. mniSvnelovania Tqveni
samuSao ise dagegmoT, rom am etapebs Seesabamebodes. Cven vvaraudobT, rom
iqneba sami faza, Tumca maTi xangrZlivoba gansxvavebuli iqneba gagebasa da ga-
moxatvasTan mimarTebaSi, radgan me-2 punqtma cxadyo, rom gageba da metyveleba
sxvadasxva mentalur operaciebs moicavs.
pirveli faza: aRmoCena
am fazaze Tqven aRmoaCenT, Tu ra gaqvT saswavli, sakuTri TavisaTvis
dasaxuli sakomunikacio miznebis mixedviT (ix. am Tavis punqtebi 1 da 2). ma-
galiTad, Tu gsurT icodeT rogor gamoxatoT ardaTanxmeba Tavazianad, mogi-
wevT saTanado sityvebis da frazebis povna, imis garkveva, Tu romeli maTgani
gamoiyeneba ama Tu im situaciaSi da a. S. es yvelaferi SegiZliaT iswavloT sax-
elmZRvaneloebidan, gramatikis wignebidan da maswavleblebisagan, magram, pirvel
yovlisa, _ avTentikuri dokumentebidan. es dokumentebi (video da audio kasete-
bis, agreTve, nabeWdi teqstebis CaTvliT), enis swavlebaze gaTvlili ar aris
(saxelmZRvaneloebisagan gansxvavebiT), maT sakomunikacio daniSnulebiT iyeneben.
avTentikur dokumentebSi mocemuli magaliTebi daganaxebT, Tu rogor xdeba
enis gamoyeneba sakomunikaciod (rogor gamoiyeneba esa Tu is gramatikuli dro
warsulsa da awmyoze sasaubrod, rogor ixdian madlobas Sesrulebuli Txovni-
saTvis da a. S.). amgvarad, Tqven gaigebT, Tu realurad rogor muSaobs ena sako-
munikacio situaciebSi.
Cveni TvalTaxedviT, es faza Seesabameba dauflebis procesis monacemTa
damuSavebisa da wesebis dadgenis fazebs. igi Zalze mniSvnelovania gamoxatvaze
muSaobisas, radgan saWiroa yvela im sakiTxis Tavmoyra, romelTa gadawyvetis
swavlac surs adamians. Ees faza naklebad mniSvnelovania gagebasTan mimarTe-
baSi. am ukanasknelze muSaobis dawyeba SesaZlebelia pirdapir meore fazidan.
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meore faza: sistematuri praqtika
am fazaze Tqven muSaobT Tanamimdevrulobis dacviT, iseT sakiTxebze, ro-
melTa dauflebac gWirdebaT. dauflebis procesis mixedviT, es faza wesebis
formirebis erT-erTi mxarea da agreTve, moicavs pirvel fazas mocemuli cod-
nis Semowmebisa da gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. sistematurma muSaobam SeiZleba
Tqvengan iseTi aqtivobebis Sesrulebac moiTxovos, romlebic SesaZloa nakle-
bad exebodes imas, Tu rogor unda visaubroT (magaliTad, zogierTma mkiTxvelma
aseTad SeiZleba miiCnios calkeuli gramatikuli savarjiSoebi), magram aRsaniS-
navia, rom es faza nayofieri iqneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moxdeba specifi-
kur aspeqtebze koncentrireba. SedarebisaTvis SeiZleba moviyvanoT magaliTi
CogburTelze, romelsac surs gaaumjobesos sakuTari TamaSis xarisxi da am
mizniT tyeSi varjiSobs sirbilSi. es aqtivoba CogburTTan uSualo kavSirSi ar
aris, magram exmareba sportsmens amtanobis gaZlierebaSi, rac CogburTis sa-
TamaSod aucilebelia.
Aam fazaze damoukideblad muSaobam problemebi ar unda SegiqmnaT, radgan
Tqven iqnebiT iseTi sakiTxebis Seswavlis procesSi, romlebic piradad TqvenT-
visaa aucilebeli, magram amasTan, nu dagaviwydebaT, rom saWiroa muSaoba im
codnis yvela aspeqtze, romlis dauflebac gsurT: roca gamoxatvaze muSaobT,
ra Tqma unda, ar gindaT mxolod gramatikulad swori winadadebebis ageba
SegeZloT; upirveles yovlisa, Tqveni mizania maTi saTanadod gamoyeneba im sa-
komunikacio situaciebSi, romlebSic SeiZleba aRmoCndeT (ix. punqti 4). roca
gagebaze muSaobT, nu dagaviwydebaT yvela im gansxvavebuli tipis dokumentze
muSaobac, romlebTan mogiwevT muSaoba (mokle da grZeli teqstebi, Canawerebi,
sadac adamianebi romelime konkretul aqcents iyeneben metyvelebaSi, da a.S).
aseve saWiroa sxvadasxva saxis sakiTxavi da mosasmeni masalebis gamoyeneba (rom
icodeT ama Tu im informaciis moZieba; gageba im doneze, rom gakritikeba
SegeZloT da a.S). gaiTvaliswineT, rom am fazaze garkveuli dro unda dauTmoT
damaxsovrebasac.
mesame faza: arasistematuri praqtika
es faza Seesabameba dauflebis procesis im etaps, roca vamowmebT sakuTar
codnas da viyenebT mas realur sakomunikacio situaciebSi. igi dagexmarebaT sa-
kuTari azrebis mkafiod CamoyalibebaSi, ukeT damaxsovrebasa da im nou-haus Se-
muSavebaSi, rac saWiroa mocemuli codnis praqtikul situaciebSi gamosayene-
blad. Tqven iswavliT reagirebas moulodnelobebsa da uCveulobebze, patara,
magram uxerxul sakomunikacio problemebTan gamklavebas, raSic veranairi
moculobis sistematuri muSaoba ver mogamzadebT. Aam fazaze ar mogeTxovebaT
Sesasrulebeli samuSaos lingvisturi detalebis gansazRvra (warsuli dro;
ojaxTan, rogorc TemasTan dakavSirebuli leqsikoni, Tavazianad ardaTanxmeba
da a.S). samagierod, mogiwevT situaciis gansazRvra: vis esaubrebiT, ratom da a.
S. (ix. ganyofileba 1), ise rom dainaxoT Tu ramdenad efeqturad iyenebT im cod-
nas, romlis damaxsovrebasac cdilobdiT Tqveni sistematuri muSaobis fazaze.
Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom amis gakeTebas damoukideblad ver SesZlebT. Tu ga-
moxatvaze muSaobT, partniori dagWirdebaT. idealuri iqneba partniori, rom-
lisTvisac ena, romelsac Tqven swavlobT mSobliuria. Tumca, gamogadgebaT ne-
bismieri Semswavlelic im pirobiT, Tu is iTamaSebs sakomunikacio kuTxiT. Tu
gagebaze muSaobT, gamoiyeneT avTentikuri dokumentebi. TqvenTvis mniSvnelovania
iseT pirobebSi mosmena da kiTxva, romelTa msgavsSic SeiZleba realurad aR-
moCndeT. magaliTad, Tu mogeTxovebaT raime Canaweris pirdapir gageba, maSin
usityvod cxadia, rom azri ar aqvs mis aTjer mosmenas. leqsikonis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba erTxel mosmenac aRar iyos saWiro! am Tavis me-4 nawili
62
gvawvdis mosazrebebs im aqtivobebis Sesaxeb, romlebic zemoxsenebul fazebze
SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ Tu ramdenad iTvaliswineben aRniSnul sam fazas Sromis organizaciis
TvalsazrisiT? Tu iyeneben, ra saxiT? (ix. Kkompetenciebi 6.4.2.1)
_ xom ar axdenen erT fazaze koncentrirebas danarCenebis xarjze?
zogjer zogierTi Semswavleli didi raodenobiT asrulebs gramatikul
savarjiSoebs da ar ukvirdeba, rom aseTi swavla aranairad ar uwyobs mas xels
sakomunikacio situaciebSi (faza 3). arian iseTebic, romelTac moswonT mety-
velebis gakveTilebi (faza 3) da verc ki amCneven, rom realurad ver progre-
sireben, radgan ar muSaoben sakuTar konkretul problemebze (faza 2).
Ddabolos, arsebobs SemswavlelTa mesame kategoria, romelic teqstis kiTxvis
dros yoveli axali sityvis mniSvnelobas leqsikonSi eZebs da Sesabamisad, dro
aRar rCeba gagebaze samuSaod (faza 2).
nu SeuSindebiT miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvlas. pirvel ganyofile-
baSi Cven ganvixileT im enobrivi aspeqtis misadagebis sakiTxi sakomunikacio
situaciebTan, romelTa dauflebac surs adamians. mravalferovani saswavlo da-
valebebi, romelTa organizebac dagWirdebaT, uSualod iqneba damokidebuli
imaze, rasac Cven moTxovnaTa analizi vuwodeT (ganyofileba 1). Ees gulisxmobs
sakuTari prioritetebis gansazRvras, ra mizezebia TqvenTvis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani? Eenis romeli aspeqtebiT apirebT dawyebas? Tavdapirvelad ga-
moxatvaze ivarjiSebT, Tu gagebaze? vfiqrobT, aseTi analizi Zalze
mniSvnelovania: kerZod, is dagexmarebaT gaarkvioT, ramdenad progresirebT (am
sakiTxs ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT me-5 nawilSi). Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom
enis swavlis procesSi SeiZleba axali faqtorebic gamoCndes, rac imas niSnavs,
rom Tqven srulebiTac ar xarT valdebuli SeasruloT sawyisi gegma.
_ Tqveni moTxovnebi SeiZleba Seicvalos.
is martivi faqti, rom adamiani eufleba axal codnas, mis moTxovnaTa gan-
viTarebas gulisxmobs. swavla ar aris kedlis agur-agur aSeneba iseT pi-
robebSi, roca yvela aguri xelT aris saqmis dasawyebad. is ufro hgavs mod-
ulebis mixedviT saxlis Senebas, romelsac vafarToebT da romlis yvela
oTaxic sxvadasxva daniSnulebisamebr gamoiyeneba situaciis mixedviT. mSeneblo-
bis dawyebisas, Znelia zustad Tqma, Tu rogor saxes miiRebs is ramdenime weli-
wadSi; Cven mxolod zogadi warmodgena gvaqvs. ganapirobebs ra axali codnisa
da nou-haus progresuli dauflebis procesi moTxovnaTa evolucias, saWiro ar
aris mTeli samuSao programis Sinaarsisa da Tanamimdevrobis ukanasknel deta-
lamde ganWvreta. mTavaria, danamdvilebiT icodeT, ris miRweva gsurT mocemul
saswavlo sesiaze. roca SeafasebT imas, rasac daeufleT, SesZlebT axali
miznebis dasaxvas da samuSaod axali sakiTxebis SerCevas.
_ swavla ar aris mxolod wminda logikis saqme anu Seusveneblad Sroma
mniSvnelovania, rom enis dauflebis procesi adamians siamovnebas aniWebdes:
swavla ufro advilia, Tu mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba gvexaliseba; da Tu
dokumenti, romelzec vmuSaobT, sainteresoa, Cveni survili masSi arsebuli
sirTuleebis gadasalaxad, ormagdeba. aqtivobebisa da dokumentebis SerCeva sa-
kuTari gemovnebis mixedviT, ganapirobebs swavlisaTvis aucilebeli motivaciis
zrdas. mTavaria, garTobasa da saqmes Soris oqros Sualedis povna. magaliTad,
Tu iciT, rom is, rasac akeTebT, bolomde ar emTxveva Tqveni moTxovnebis anal-
izis Sedegebs (vTqvaT dakavebuli xarT simReris CaweriT, maSin roca Zalian
gindaT radioTi axali ambebis gageba), magram siamovnebas ganiWebT _ garkveul
Sedegs mainc miiRebT. drodadro SeiZleba daRliloba an stimulis nakleboba
igrZnoT; maTTan gamklaveba gagiadvildebaT, Tu sakuTar Tavs mcireodeni gar-
Tobis uflebas miscemT.
63
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ gansazRvraven Tu ara sakuTar miznebs detalurad, axali davalebis an
aqtivobis dawyebisas;
_ uTmoben Tu ara ramdenime wuTs, yoveli savarjiSos dasrulebisas,
imaze fiqrs, Tu ra iswavles da amiT ra Seicvleba;
_ ician Tu ara romeli davalebebi aniWebT siamovnebas da raze muSaobas
SeiZleba Seeguon;
_ aqvT Tu ara danaSaulis grZnoba, roca raime gasarTobiT arian dakave-
buli;
_ Tvlian Tu ara Tavs valdebulad Seasrulon davalebebi, romlebic
mosabezreblad miaCniaT. (ix. kompetenciebi 4 / dokumentebi C1, C2, C3)
arAarsebobs idealuri samuSao tempi
bevri adamianisaTvis swavla, upirveles yovlisa, regularuli samuSao
ganrigis Seqmnaa. regularuloba xSirad Zalze mniSvnelovani faqtoria codnis
warmatebiT dauflebisaTvis, Tumca es yovelTvis ase ar aris. iSviaTad xerxdeba
regularulad muSaoba ramis Sesaswavlad, gansakuTrebiT zrdasrulebis
SemTxvevaSi. SeiZleba ramdenime kviram ise Caiaros, rom uamravi Tavisufali
dro gvqondes an metad datvirTulni viyoT samsaxurebrivi movaleobebiT. roca
ramis Seswavla gsurT, movlenebi ise miiReT, rogorc aris da SeiZleba es
TqvenTvis xelsayrelic ki aRmoCndes. mTavaria, droisa da sakuTari miznebis
SesabamisobaSi moyvana da iseTi aqtivobebis SerCeva, romlebic aseve moergeba
Tqvens gankargulebaSi arsebul drois moculobas. roca Tavisufali dro sak-
marisad gaqvT, SegiZliaT dawvrilebiT SeudgeT muSaobas mocemuli sakiTxis
gasagebad, yvela ucnobi sityvis leqsikonSi moZiebiT. roca dro mcire gaqvT,
ufro produqtiuli iqneba, magaliTad, siswrafeze gaTvlili gramatikuli
savarjiSoebis Sesruleba. mTavaria, Tqven ras aniWebT upiratesobas: zogierTebi
amjobineben muSaobas drois SedarebiT xangrZliv periodebSi, maSin roca sxvebi
ukeT muSaoben ufro mokle, magram xSir monakveTebSi.
xSirad samuSao droSi moviazrebT im periodebs, roca SegviZlia movimar-
jvoT Cveni wignebi da kasetebi, mivusxdeT magidas da SevudgeT saqmes. si-
namdvileSi, sxva Tavisufali momentebis gamoyenebac SeiZleba am mizniT. ma-
galiTad, dro romelsac manqanaSi, stomatologis an optikosis mosacdelSi
davyofT _ potenciuri samuSao periodebia. am periodebSi yvelafris gakeTebas
ver moaxerxebT, magram SesaZlebelia maTi racionalurad gamoyeneba.
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ ician Tu ara rogor samuSao tempsa da dros amjobineben;
_ Tu rogor urCevniaT muSaoba _ yoveldRiurad naxevari saaTi, yovel
SabaT dilas sami saaTi Tu maSin, roca Tavisufal dros gamonaxaven;
_ Tu uZneldebaT xolme SerCeuli davalebis Sesruleba maT xelT arse-
bul drois monakveTSi;
_ SeuZliaT Tu ara aRnusxon drois is monakveTebi, roca muSaobas
SesZleben da Sesabamisi aqtivobebi;
gasaTvaliswinebelia kidev erTi ram _ dasvenebis periodebic sasargebloa
swavlisaTvis. maSinac ki, roca arafers akeTebT, Tqven mainc euflebiT enas. ra
Tqma unda, es gulisxmobs, rom aseT periods win unda uswrebdes garkveuli
moculobis Sesrulebuli samuSao. nu idardebT, Tuki xedavT, rom ori kviris
ganmavlobaSi TqvenTvis sasurveli tempiT imuSaveT, magram Semdeg, aseve ori
kviriT mogiwiaT aRniSnuli procesis Sewyveta. mTeli im periodis ganmavlobaSi,
roca Tqven iZulebiT isvenebT, Tqveni goneba agrZelebs muSaobas, imaxsovrebs
da axdens axali codnis organizebas. ase rom, roca swavlas miubrundebiT,
SeiZleba gagaocoT imis aRmoCenam, rom ufro meti gcodniaT, vidre gegonaT!
64
saerTod, adamians SeuZlia akeTos is, rac unda da roca unda, misTvis
sasurveli tempiT, oRond, im pirobiT, rom misi arCevani gacnobierebuli iqneba.
GgacilebiT ufro mniSvnelovania vicodeT, ras vakeTebT ama Tu im mocemul mo-
mentSi, ra moTxovnebis sapasuxod viqceviT ase, Seesabameba Tu ara Cveni arCevani
swavlis sxvadasxva fazebs da gvaZlevs Tu ara motivacias, da rac yvelaze mTa-
varia _ Sedegobrivad, rogor aisaxeba es arCevani swavlis mTel procesze. es
yvelaferi bevrad ufro aucilebelia, vidre iseTi gamosavlis Zieba (rac au-
cileblad amaoa), romelic jadosnuri joxis erTi daqneviT gagvaTavisuflebs
yvelanairi problemebisagan.
nawili 4 _ meTodologia
am Tavis me-2 nawilSi Cven gamovitaneT daskvna, rom Zalze sasargebloa,
aucilebelic ki, ganvasxvavoT Sroma, romlis mizania gagebis gaumjobeseba, im
Sromisagan, romelic gamoxatvis gaumjobesebazea gaTvlili. Ees Tavi damatebiT
detalebs mogawvdiT imis Taobaze, Tu rogor SearCioT aqtivobebi, savarjiSoebi
da masalebi swavlisaTvis.
a. gageba
rac yvelaze mTavaria: Tu gsurT muSaoba zepir gagebaze (salaparako enis
gageba), Tqveni saswavlo drois sul mcire 50% unda dauTmoT audio an videoCa-
nawerebis mosmenas. Tu ganzraxuli gaqvT muSaoba werilobiT gagebaze, Tqveni
saswavlo drois sul mcire 50% unda dauTmoT werilobiTi dokumentebis kiTx-
vas. es mniSvnelovania (ix. Kkompetenciebi 7.2.2)
aqtivobis SerCeva
Tqvens mier SerCeuli aqtivoba unda miesadagebodes imas, ris swavlac
gsurT. ase rom, upirveles yovlisa, sakuTar Tavs unda hkiTxoT, ris gaumjobe-
seba gindaT da Semdeg gaaanalizoT yvela xelmisawvdomi aqtivoba Sesaferisis
amosarCevad. gamomdinare iqidan, rom Tqven gindaT iswavloT gageba, Sesaferis
aqtivobebad CaiTvleba mxolod isini, romlebic ramdenime kriteriums akmayo-
filebs.
_ SeZlebisdagvarad, maTSi CarTuli iqneba avTentikuri dokumentebi,
radgan mxolod isini iyenebs bunebriv enas (ix. kompetenciebi 6.4.3.2). es imitom,
rom maT sakomunikacio daniSnuleba aqvT. MmaTi Semqmnelebi bunebriv enas iyene-
ben da arc ki fiqroben im gramatikul sityvebze an wesebze, romelTa codnac
caleul Semswavlelebs moeTxovebaT. amgvarad Cawerili dokumentebi saSualebas
mogvcems imuSaoT zustad im tipis enaze, romelic gindaT gesmodeT. Eeqsperi-
mentebma cxadyo, rom, roca saqme exeba zepir gagebas, gamartivebuli Canawerebis
gamoyeneba Sors ver wagviyvans.
_ aucilebeli ar aris Tavidanve gvesmodes yvelaferi, rac CanawerSia.
piriqiT, unda moniSnoT sakiTxebi, romlebzec gegmavT muSaobas da mihyveT maT.
nu idardebT danarCenze: SeuZlebelia yvelafris erT amosunTqvaze swavla. Uu-
fro metic, avTentikuri dokumentebis umetesoba gvTavazobs sxvadasxva saxis
daxmarebas; magaliTad, sasaubro Canawerebi SeiZleba uzrunvelyofili iyos
werilobiTi aslebiT (Sesadarebeli teqsti, subtitrebi da a.S), an TargmaniTac
ki (magaliTad, filmis subtitrebi). aseTi saxis daxmarebebi namuSevris ufro
iolad gasworebis saSualebas mogcemT.
_ kiTxva, romelsac namdvilad dausvamT sakuTar Tavs, exeba mocemuli
savarjiSoebis sirTules (ix. Kkompetenciebi 7.3.2). sirTule subieqturi cnebaa.
65
Tumca, ra Tqma unda, zogierTi aqtivoba sxvebTan SedarebiT ufro rTulia. ma-
galiTad, Canaweris sityva-sityviT gaSifvra bevrad Znelia, vidre cal-calke
sityvebis Zieba, radgan pirveli aqtivoba ufro met koncentracias moiTxovs da
bunebrivic ar aris. me-2 Tavma dagvanaxa, rom gageba ar gulisxmobs ubralod
yvela sityvis mniSvnelobis wvdomas: dokumentis gageba rTulia maSinac, roca
ar gvesmis mocemuli sakiTxi, an Tu saqme gvaqvs ramdenime gansxvavebul mosau-
bresTan, an specifikur enasTan (magaliTad, metad literaturuli ena), romelic
CvenTvis ucxoa.
_ yvelaze rTuli is dokumentia, romlis Temac saerTod ar gvesmis da
isic ki ar viciT, ris gagebas vcdilobT. es cxadyofs, Tu ramdenad
mniSvnelovania Sesaferis teqstebis SerCeva, radgan maTSi moiZebneba is sa-
kiTxebi, romlebzec gvinda muSaoba; aseTi teqstebi mogvwons, metwilad, imitom,
rom maT Tematurad vigebT. es mniSvnelovania sakuTari amocanebis naTlad gan-
sazRvrisa da progresirebisaTvis.
_ Tqvens mier SerCeuli savarjiSo gagebaze unda iTxovdes Tqvengan ramis
wvdomas. Ees TqvenTvis mizani iqneba, riTac ixelmZRvanelebT kiTxvisa da mos-
menisas: `vapireb movusmino imisaTvis, rom..~. (magaliTad, miviRo garkveuli
specifikuri informacia). modiT, ufro detalurad ganvixiloT werilobiTi
savarjiSo gagebaze franguli enis SemswavlelTaTvis. igi efuZneba avTentikur
teqsts, romelic axdens CvenTvis saintereso aspeqtebis ilustrirebas
Les fêtes de Noël: les services ouverts ou fermés. es savarjiSo giwesebT ramdenime realistur amocanas kiTxvisaTvis. mar-
jvena svetSi mocemuli SekiTxvebi Tqvengan moiTxovs ara sworxazovan, sityva-
sityviT, aramed organizebulad kiTxvas, rac gulisxmobs, magaliTad, saTaure-
bis, an rogorc teqstSi, ise SekiTxvebSi mocemuli calkeuli punqtebis gamo-
yenebas. am process mihyavxarT patara nawyvetamde, romelic bevrad ufro deta-
lurad unda waikiTxoT.
gagebaze savarjiSos SerCevamde, kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba
hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ ra SesaZlo amocanebi SeiZleba hqondes am savarjiSos kiTxvisa da mos-
menisaTvis (ara mxolod gramatikuli aspeqtebi da sityvaTa maragi);
_ Tavad ra amocanebis Semotana SeuZliaT teqstisaTvis, kiTxvisa da mos-
menis TvalsazrisiT, saTauris, qvesaTaurebis, an imis safuZvelze, rac ukve
ician mocemuli sakiTxis irgvliv;
_ SeuZliaT Tu ara iseTi kiTxvebis formulireba, romlebic ufro daw-
vrilebiT dasaxavs amocanebs kiTxvisa da mosmenisaTvis.
davalebis Sesruleba
Tu ukve SearCieT davaleba saTanado mosasmeni da sakiTxavi masaliT,
SegiZliaT saqmes SeudgeT. Faqtiurad swavla da mosasmeni da sakiTxavi
aqtivobebis momzadeba am momentSi iwyeba. Ddasaxuli miznidan gamomdinare,
SegiZliaT scadoT wasakiTxi an mosasmeni masalis zogadi Sinaarsis, an TviT
calkeuli specifikuri aspeqtebis winaswar ganWvreta. Ees, Tavis mxriv, dagex-
marebaT zogierTi arsebiTi sityvis gamocnobaSi, romelic masalaSi SegxvdebaT.
mosamzadebel procesSi ukve swavlobT. Tu kiTxvaze muSaobT, gamomdinare iqi-
dan, rom ukve scadeT, gamogecnoT Tqvens teqstSi mocemuli mosazrebebi an Te-
mebi, SegiZliaT uSualod teqstze gadaxvideT. Tu zepir gagebaze muSaobT, ax-
ali terminebi leqsikonSi moiZieT.
roca savarjiSos irCevT, hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs, rogor apirebT mis Ses-
rulebas, gaxsovdeT, rom gageba da gagebis swavla erTi da igive ar aris:
dawyebamde gadawyviteT, am procesSi sakuTari Tavis Semowmeba gindaT (aseT
SemTxvevaSi, bunebrivia, gagebis TvalsazrisiT progress unda ganicdideT), Tu
swavla (aseT SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba gagebis TvalsazrisiT progress ver
66
ganicdiT, magram mainc iswavloT raime, maSinac ki, roca mzad ar xarT konkre-
tuli dokumentis gasagebad). magaliTad, davalebebze muSaobisas (ara sagamocdo
davalebebze), kasetis mosmenamde an teqstis wakiTxvamde, SegiZliaT gaecnoT
pasuxebis furcels: es dagexmarebaT mosamzadebeli da saorientacio aspeqtebis
identificirebaSi.
savarjiSo werilobiT gagebaze
adaptirebulia: Ecritures 2-dan, Capelle G., Grellet F. (19980), Hachette, Paris II / 9; gv. 28 (moyvanilia franguli teqsti)
Tqven parizSi cxovrobT da megobrebi Camodian TqvenTan samuSaod (24 da
25 dekemberi), amitom gsurT winaswar gadawyvitoT, romel adgilebs moinax-
ulebT.
1. Tqven kvlavac orWofobT ramdenime SesaZlo variantze.
24 dekembris naSuadRevs
marmotanis muzeumi Tanamedrove xelovnebis muzeumi versalis
sasaxle
SobadRe
JorJ pompidus centri luvri kino
statiis mixedviT, ris gakeTebas apirebT?
24 dekembers?------------------------------------------------------------
25 dekembers?------------------------------------------------------------
2. gazeTebs regularulad ar kiTxulobT, magram gsurT icodeT, romeli
filmis sanaxavad SeiZleba wasvla megobrebTan erTad Sobis dRes. ras ga-
akeTebdiT amis gasagebad?
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3. imuSavebs metro Sobis dRes? (RATP: metrosa da avtobusebis
momsaxureba parizis farglebSi)
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4. SesaZlebelia bankSi fulis gamosatanad misvla 24 dekembris dilas?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Tqvens megobrebs surT sayidlebze wasvla parizis did maRaziebSi. ro-
dis SeZlebT amas?
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67
swori pasuxebi kasetis mosmenamde waikiTxeT: es dagexmarebaT im sakiTxe-
bis gansazRvraSi, romelTaTvisac unda moemzadoT an iqneba Tqveni gzamkvlevi
mosmenisa da kiTxvis TvalsazrisiT.
aseve SegiZliaT gadawyvitoT, ramdenjer waikiTxavT an mousmenT do-
kuments da rogor apirebT mis wakiTxvas (Sesavali Tavdapirvelad Tu bolos?
TiToeuli abzacis pirveli winadadeba?) an mosmenas (etapobrivad, xSiri Sesvene-
biT, gadasaxvevi Rilakis gamoyenebiT, Tu mTeli Canaweris Tavidan bolomde
mosmenas?)
swavla moiTxovs erTi da imaves ramdenjerme gameorebas. codna imisa, Tu
ra gaqvT gasakeTebeli, mxolod amosavali wertilia imis gasagebad, Tu rogor
gaakeToT is: rac ufro xSirad imeorebT savarjiSos, miT ufro ukeT euflebiT
(am terminis zemoxsenebuli gagebiT) realur nou-haus. Aase, rom, nu SeikavebT
Tavs erTi da imave savarjiSos ramdenjerme Sesrulebisagan.
aseve, SesaZlebelia erTi davalebis orjer Sesruleba: Tavdapirvelad _
swavlis mizniT. savarjiSos Sesrulebisas, aRmoaCenT axal sakiTxebs, romleb-
sac Semdeg daimaxsovrebT (leqsikuri maragi, gamonaTqvamebi, dokumentis organ-
izebis gzebi da a.S). magram SegiZliaT savarjiSo xelmeored gaakeToT naswav-
lis Sesamowmeblad: axerxebT Tu ara naswavlis maSinve gagebas an ramdenad ad-
vilia is gasagebad?
dabolos, aRsaniSnavia, rom gagebis donis gasaumjobeseblad saWiro
iqneba garkveuli davalebebis Sesruleba, romlebic uSualod salaparako da
gagebis aqtivobebs ar exeba. magaliTad, dagWirdebaT leqsikuri maragis aT-
viseba. Tumca, amas gaakeTebT gagebis TvalsazrisiT; anu, mogiwevT sxvebis mier
naTqvami sityvebis mniSvnelobis gageba. roca saqme salaparako enas exeba, unda
scnobdeT sxvadasxva aqcentiT naTqvam sityvebs. garkveulwilad, es ufro ad-
vilia, vidre sityvebis Zebna TviTgamoxatvisaTvis; magram, meore mxriv, mogiwevT
imaze bevrad meti sityvis gamocnoba, vidre Tavad gamoiyenebdiT, radgan gageba
sityvaTa SerCevis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs. Ees Tqveni Tanamosaubris prerogati-
vaa.
aseve, mogiwevT sakuTari codnis ganvrcoba im mravalferovani Temebis
irgvliv, romelTa mosmena an wakiTxvac SeiZleba dagWirdeT. magaliTad, Tu
gsurT iswavloT franguli gazeTebis kiTxva an gesmodeT germanelebis saubari
sayofacxovrebo sakiTxebze, gamogadgebaT imis garkveva, Tu ra saxis movlenebs
aSuqeben franguli gazeTebi da rogoria germanelTa cxovrebis aspeqtebi. aseTi
saxis codnas xSirad sakuTar enaze euflebian, germanuli da franguli statie-
bis saSualebiT (ix. kompetenciebi 6.4.6.3), rac ufro meti iciT im dokumentis Te-
matikis irgvliv, romelic gindaT, rom gaigoT, miT ufro SesZlebT amas.
Ggagebaze savarjiSos Sesrulebamde kompetenciebis momxmareblebma
SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ saWiroa Tu ara mosasmeni savarjiSoebisaTvis momzadeba leqsikuri
maragis aTvisebiT an gameorebiT;
_ Tu rogor Seasruleben savarjiSos; ramdenjer waikiTxaven an mousmenen
dokuments;
_ Tu rogor Seamowmeben pasuxebs;
_ ras gaakeTeben savarjiSos dasrulebis Semdeg;
_ Tu SearCeven dasamaxsovreblad garkveul leqsikur marags;
_ Tu Seasruleben savarjiSos xelmeored da aseT SemTxvevaSi _ ramdeni
dro dasWirdebaT da Sesrulebis xerxi Tu iqneba ucvleli.
68
b. gamoxatva
aqtivobebis SerCeva
xSirad, adamianebs meti idea mosdiT gamoxatvis aqtivobebisa da davalebe-
bisaTvis, vidre gagebisas. Ees imiT aixsneba, rom skolaSi enebis swavlebisas
aqcenti, metwilad, gamoxatvaze keTdeba da amitomac adamianebi ufro gaTviTc-
nobierebulni arian am mxriv. davalebis SerCevisas, unda gaxsovdeT, zogadad ra
mizani gamoZravebT. ra Tqma unda, es aris sakuTari azrebisa da gamocdilebis
gaziareba TanamosaubrisaTvis. Tanac, xSirad iseTi ramis gamoxatva gviwevs, rac
manamde arasodes gviTqvams. bunebrivia, garkveuli refleqsebi avtomaturi unda
gaxdes, magram isini mxolod im TvalsazrisiTaa gamosadegi, rom saSualebas
iZleva spontanurad da SemoqmedebiTad mivudgeT komunikacias.
bevri aqtivoba zepiri gamoxatvis Sesaswavlad koncentrirebas swored am
avtomatur refleqsebze axdens. Aamis magaliTia savarjiSoebis erTgvari tipi,
romelsac `struqturul drilebs~ uwodeben. erT-erTi maTgani qvemoTaa moyva-
nili:
CasviT mocemuli winadadebebi preteritSi:
magaliTad: I (swim) in the sea _ I swam in the sea me (curva) zRvaSi _ me vicurave zRvaSi
He (eat) an apple _ is (Wama) vaSls
They (talk) to the girls. isini (saubari) gogonebs. You (work) In the office. Tqven (muSaoba) ofisSi.
Aarsebobs mravali msgavsi saxis savarjiSo, rac dagexmarebaT gramatiku-
lad swori winadadebebis (ix. kompetenciebi 6.4.7.7) da zogierT SemTxvevaSi iseTi
frazebis agebaSi, romlebic SesaZloa SegxvdeT garkveul sakomunikacio situa-
ciebSi:
gamoiyeneT mocemuli gamonaTqvamebidan erT-erTi mimarTulebis gasark-
vevad:
ukacravad, xom ver metyodiT..?
ukacravad, xom ver damexmarebiT? minda vicode..
xom ar iciT..?
magaliTad, imisTvis, rom daadginoT CifenhemSi mimavali Semdegi avto-
busis gasvlis dro, SegiZliaT TqvaT:
ukacravad, xom ver damexmarebiT? Mminda vicode, romel saaTze gadis Sem-
degi avtobusi CifenhemSi?
iTxoveT Semdegi saxis informacia.
gza Tviqenhemisaken.
sad mdebareobs bondis quCa
rogor movxvdeT haid parkSi
es gamonaTqvamebi mxolod instrumentebia; Tqven unda SeasruloT is
savarjiSoebic, romlebic realur sakomunikacio amocanebs saxavs. aseTia, kidev
erTi saxis savarjiSo, romelsac xSirad rolebis gaTamaSebas uwodeben. es
savarjiSo uzrunvelyofs garkveul scenars, romelic Semdeg unda gaTamaSdes.
rolebis gaTamaSeba SeiZleba iyos Zalian mokle:
Tqveni Tanamosaubre: sawyenia, rom SabaTs wveulebaze ar moxvediT.
Tqven: (uTxariT, rom, samwuxarod, ver moaxerxeT)
Aan Zalian grZeli:
Tqveni Tanamosaubre: sawyenia, rom SabaTs wveulebaze ar moxvediT.
Tqven: (uTxariT, rom ver SesZeliT).
Tqveni Tanamosaubre: oh, ra samarcxvinoa!
Tqven: (uTxariT, rom manqana gagifuWdaT)
69
Tqveni Tanamosaubre: imedia, seriozuli araferia!
Tqven: (uTxariT, raSic mdgomareobda problema da rom is gadaWrilia).
Tveni Tanamosaubre: CemTvis unda dagerekaT!
Tqven: (uTxariT, rom ar mogafiqrdaT da madloba gadauxadeT Tqven Tana
mosaubres)
Tqveni Tanamosaubre: mSvenieri wveuleba iyo!
Tqven: (uTxariT, rom sawyenia, rom ver mixvediT)
Tqveni Tanamosaubre: iqneb, Semdeg jerze mainc moxvideT!
Tqven: (dasTanxmdiT am SemoTavazebas da madloba gadauxadeT Tqvens
Tanamosaubres)
Aam aqtivobebis upiratesoba ix aris, rom gamoTqmebis organizebas Tqven
gandobT. magaliTad, zemoT moyvanili rolebis gaTamaSebaSi, Tqven kvlav giwevT
preteritis gamoyeneba, magram amjerad mas iyenebT imis saTqmelad, rac gindaT.
struqturuli drilebis SemTxvevaSi ki, saTqmelis manipulireba xdeba kon-
teqstis mier.
zogierTi davaleba, sxvebTan SedarebiT, ufro advilia. gacilebiT ad-
vilia gamzadebuli dialogis gameoreba, vidre saubari raime Temaze winaswari
momzadebis gareSe, maSinac ki, roca saubari erTi wuTi grZeldeba da misi Tema
TqvenTvis sakmaod nacnobia. Mmagram, unda iTqvas, rom orive tipis savarjiSo
Taviseburad gamosadegia. aqac, yvelaferi Tqvens mier dasaxul mizanzea da-
mokidebuli. magaliTad, Tu gindaT intonaciis gaumjobeseba, ufro produ-
qtiuli iqneba mza teqstTan muSaoba, romelsac Cawerili nimuSic moepoveba.
agreTve, gaxsovdeT is, rac me-3 nawilSi aRvniSneT: Tqven dagWirdebaT ga-
moTqmebis moZieba maTi Semdgomi Seswavlis mizniT. maTi moZiebisa da Tavmoyris
Semdeg, gamoxatvaze sul ufro naklebi sistematurobiT imuSavebT (ix. zemoT).
Tumca, davalebebis zogierTi tipi, sistemur muSaobas moiTxovs (magaliTad,
struqturuli drilebi) da zogierTi bevrad fleqsiuria (rogoricaa rolebis
gaTamaSeba).
gamoxatvis aqtivobaze an savarjiSoze muSaobis dawyebamde, kompetenciebis
momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ Tu romel specifikur sakiTxebze muSaobis saSualebas iZleva aR-
niSnuli savarjiSo;
_ Tu ramdenad Seesabameba es sakiTxebi maT miznebs;
_ Tu ramdenad uzrunvelyofs aRniSnuli savarjiSo `gamoxatvis Tavise-
burebas~
_ aqvT Tu ara gamoTqmebis arCevani;
_ aris Tu ara aRniSnuli aqtivoba gamoyenebuli sakomunikacio situaci-
aSi;
_ aris Tu ara maT mier asagebi winadadebebi erTmaneTisagan damoukide-
beli.
Tqven gacilebiT meti TavisuflebiT sargeblobT saTqmelis damoukide-
blad SerCevisas. amitomac, unda elaparakoT sakuTar Tavs. warmoidgineT, rom
esaubrebiT Tqven mierve SerCeul adamianebs. sportis ostatebi, romelTac
xSirad vadevnebT Tvalyurs satelevizio eTeris meSveobiT, mimarTaven moZ-
raobebis mentalur simulirebas (moTxilamureebi warmoidgenen, rom slalomiT
eSvebian ferdobze, simaRleze mxtomelebi gonebrivad varjiSoben garbenze da a.
S.). aseTi praqtika Zalze sasargebloa _ warmoidgenT ra, rom saubrobT, realu-
rad acnobierebT, ris Tqma SegiZliaT da ris _ ara. Ees, Tavis mxriv, da-
gexmarebaT samomavlod muSaobisas swori arCevanis gakeTebaSi. ufro metic, am
`aqtivobas~ udidesi upiratesoba aqvs im mxrivac, rom misi Sesruleba SesaZle-
belia yvelgan: sacobebSi, stomatologis mosacdel oTaxSi da a. S.
70
ganvrcobisaTvis, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT Tqvens irgvliv mimdinare movle-
nebi: Tavs gadamxdari patara incidentebi, sagzao moZraobis niSnebi da rek-
lamebi, agreTve, sagazeTo statiebi _ yvela maTgans SeuZlia Tqveni uzrunvely-
ofa `nebismieri saTqmeliT~.
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ Tu maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mimdinare movlenebidan, romeli
SesZlebda sasaubro TemebiT uzrunvelyofas?
_ SesZlebdnen Tu ara am Temebze saubars ucxo enaze?
_ surT Tu ara scadon?
savarjiSoebis Sesruleba
rogorc gagebaze davalebebis SemTxvevaSi, ise aqac, mniSvnelovania mo-
samzadebeli samuSao, rac win uZRvis TviT davalebis Sesrulebas. romel ga-
moTqmebze gsurT muSaoba? gWirdebaT Tu ara romelime gramatikuli wesis an
konkretuli sityvebis gamoTqmis gadaxedva mosamzadebel etapze? gWirdebaT Tu
ara saTqmelis winaswar ganWvreta, calkeuli sityvebis mniSvnelobebis
leqsikonSi moZieba, an vinmesgan gageba, Tu rogor unda CamoayaliboT mocemuli
saTqmeli? kvlav SegaxsenebT, rom zogierTi davalebis SemTxvevaSi, Zalze
dagexmarebaT pasuxebis furclis gadaxedva savarjiSos Sesrulebamde: roca
iciT, ra unda gaakeToT, ukeTesad gamogdiT, gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu raimes
swavlobT da ara arkvevT. swavlisas mniSvnelovania savarjiSoebis Sesruleba
da maTi gameoreba, magram ara nebismieri saxiT. xelmeored dawyebamde SeafaseT
ukve gakeTebuli. savarjiSos pirvelad Sesrulebamdec xom moniSneT sakiTxebi
maTze Semdgomi koncentrirebis mizniT.
rolebis gaTamaSebisas Tu, magaliTad gindaT ivarjiSoT preteritis ga-
moyenebaze, swored am sakiTxze moaxdenT koncentrirebas savarjiSos pirvelad
Sesrulebisas da misi xelmeored SesrulebisaTvis mzadebis procesSi. ukve Ses-
rulebuli samuSaos Sesruleba rom SesZloT, cxadia saWiroa garkveuli aR-
ricxva. saamisod mravalnairi gza arsebobs: magaliTad, `Savi~ Canawerebis keTeba
an sxva SemswavlelisaTvis Txovna, rom man CainiSnos Tqveni naTqvami. Mmagram
albaT yvelaze ukeTesi iqneba sakuTari Tavis Cawera maSinac ki, roca muSaobas
iwyebT da odnav geSiniaT. mxolod Canaweri mogcemT saSualebas, srulad, sala-
parako formiT moisminoT sakuTari naTqvami. rolebis xelmeored gaTamaSeba,
roca ukve pirveli mcdeloba damTavrebulia da masSi saTanado koreqtivebicaa
Setanili, dagexmarebaT procesis ufro avtomaturad warmarTvaSi. Tanac, gameo-
rebaze varjiSebis mier xelovnurad avtomatizebul refleqsebTan SedarebiT, es
procesi ufro Rirebulia.
davalebis gameoreba ar gulisxmobs imas, rom meore jerzec zustad igive
unda gakeTdes. magaliTad, rolebis gaTamaSebisas SesaZlebelia konteqstis
aspeqtebis Secvla. SegiZliaT warmoidginoT, rom sxva adamians esaubrebiT, rom
saubrobT ufro dawvrilebiT an cdilobT naklebad formaluri iyoT. aseve,
SegiZliaT isaubroT ufro modunebulad an swrafad, naklebi enamWevrobiT an
naklebi orWofobiT.
SegiZliaT SecvaloT samuSao meTodic: meore jerze saTqmels winaswar nu
moamzadebT an moamzadeT mxolod misi monaxazi.
dabolos, savarjiSos gameoreba sakuTari Tavis gamocdasac gulisxmobs.
hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs: `vici es rogor keTdeba? rogor gamomiva?~ am SemTxvevaSi
saWiroa rac SeiZleba realur pirobebSi muSaoba. swored am dros unda gadawy-
vitoT, miscemT Tu ara sakuTar Tavs winaswari momzadebis an Secdomebis daSve-
bis uflebas.
71
zepir gamoxatvaze varjiSis dawyebamde, kompetenciebis momxmareblebma
SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ saWiroa Tu ara savarjiSosaTvis momzadeba leqsikuri an gramatikuli
sakiTxebis, TviTgamoxatvis calkeuli gzebis SeswavliT an gameorebiT;
_ Tu rogor apireben savarjiSos Sesrulebas: dawyebamde pasuxebis fur-
clis gadaxedviT, `Savi~ CanawerebiT Tu sakuTari Tavis CaweriT.
_ Tu ramdenjer gaimeoreben savarjiSos da ra saxis daxmarebis gamoyene-
bis uflebas miscemen sakuTar Tavs.
nawili 5 _ Sefaseba (ix. kompetenciebi Tavi 3,
cxrili 2 / 4, skalebi / 5, skalebi / 19
Sefaseba ucxo enis dauflebis ganuyofeli nawilia. sxva sityvebiT rom
vTqvaT, mTeli saswavlo procesis ganmavlobaSi unda xdebodes ganvlili etape-
bis Sefaseba (ZiriTadad sxva adamianis mier), miTumetes, Tu Semswavleli jer
kidev Sorsaa saboloo nabijis gadadgmisagan. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT me-3
nawilSi, Secdomebi arsebiT rols asrulebs aRniSnul procesSi: mosazreba,
rom kargi moswavle arasodes uSvebs Secdomebs, safuZvelSive mcdaria. kargi
Semswavleli ambobs, Tu ris keTeba ar ZaluZs mocemul momentSi. igi mimarTavs
Sefasebas progresirebisaTvis da imis gasarkvevad, rac jer kidev Sesaswavli
aqvs. ase, rom TviTSefaseba ar aris mxolod sakuTari Secdomebis danaxva da
koreqtireba, rasac regularuli monitoringis saxe aqvs ukve naswavlTan mimar-
TebaSi. Tumca, Sefaseba arc is aqtivobaa, romelic Semswavlelis kontrols
miRma rCeba: mudmivi monitoringis warmoeba mxolod SemswavlelTa gadawy-
vetilebazea damokidebuli:
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ Seafases Tu ara sakuTari muSaoba maswavleblis Sefasebisagan
gansxvavebulad;
_ Tu ra gansxvavebebi dainaxes;
_ ukve miakvlies Tu ara sakuTari Secdomebis identificirebis strate-
giebs da Tu es asea, ra saxisaa strategiebi.
_ iyeneben Tu ara maT muSaobis procesSi, Tu mxolod savarjiSos das-
rulebis Semdeg.
_ xSirad uSvebdnen Tu ara erTsa da imave Secdomebs da ras gaakeTebdnen
maTi aRmofxvrisaTvis.
zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare, Sefaseba is pasuxismgebloba ar aris, ro-
melic SeiZleba sxvas daekisros. Sefaseba, romelic arsebiTia swavlisa da
dauflebisaTvis, aucileblad personaluri da individualuria. amitomac mas
xSirad TviTSefasebas uwodeben: igi unda ganaxorcielos adamianma, romelic
swavlobs (ix. kompetenciebi 9.3.1.3.). roca Semswavlelebi afaseben sakuTari
muSaobis Sedegebs, isini gulwrfelebi arian, radgan mxolod maT gaaCniaT
Sedegebis sworad gaanalizebisaTvis aucilebeli informacia. magaliTad, Tqven
SemTxvevaSi, mxolod Tqven iciT ra miznebi da moTxovnebi gaqvT (ix. kompeten-
ciebi 9.2. / 9.3)
TviTSefaseba regularul xasiaTs unda atarebdes, rom Tqven SesZloT
aRebuli kursis Secvla, Tuki naxavT, rom is, rasac akeTebT, ar Seesabameba imas,
ris gakeTebasac fiqrobdiT. igi saSualebas gaZlevT, muSaobis kvaldakval Ta-
72
vidan gansazRvroT da CamoayaliboT sakuTari miznebi. swavla ar aris raime
gzis brmad miyola; swored TviTSefaseba uzrunvelyofs im informacias, ro-
melic saSualebas gaZlevT aRebuli kursi areguliroT Tqveni miznebis,
moTxovnebis, survilebis da a. S. cvlilebebis mixedviT.
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ Tu ra miznebi amoZravebT ucxo enebis Seswavlisas da rogor situa-
ciebSi apireben maT gamoyenebas (ix. ganyofileba I, `moTxovnaTa analizi~);
_ Tu rogor gamoiyeneben am kiTxvebze pasuxebs TviTSefasebisaTvis sa-
Tanado teqnikisa da Temebis SesarCevad.
rogorc vnaxeT, daufleba gulisxmobs TviTSefasebas. magram TviTSefase-
bis garda, romelic Sinagani da pirovnulia, SeiZleba arsebobdes Sefasebis
sxva saxeebic. maTgan erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebulia sertificireba, rogori-
caa mocemuli momentisaTvis iseTi institutis mier ganxorcielebuli Sefaseba,
romelic dakavSirebuli ar aris SemswavlelTan. sertificireba, Cveulebriv ga-
mocdis Sedegia. Tu ucxo enis Seswavlisas Tqveni mizania gamocdis Cabareba,
unda gaiTvaliswinoT, ras moicavs igi (savarjiSos tipebi, unarebi, romlebic
unda gamoicados, gamomcdelis molodinebi da a.S). samuSao miznebis SerCevisas,
TviTSefaseba ganaxorcieleT imisaTvisac, rom gaarkvioT, Tu ramdenad axerxebT
sagamocdo cenzebis dakmayofilebas. (ix. kompetenciebi 8.3 / 8.4)
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ surT Tu ara gamocdis Cabareba, da Tu es asea, rogori saxisaa sila-
busi?
nu ifiqrebT, rom TviTSefaseba aris ubralod iseTi gamocdis mowyoba sa-
kuTari TavisaTvis, rogorsac organizebas ukeTeben institutebi da maswavle-
blebi. maT Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa, radgan Semswavlels surs icodes,
ramdenad kargad swavlobs da ara mxolod is, Tu ras daeufla. `ukeTesad
vswavlob?~ da `ra viswavle?. sulac ar aris erTi da igive kiTxva. moculoba da
done erTmaneTSi ar unda gvereodes.
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ progresireben Tu ara swavlis unaris TvalsazrisiT:
_ isini, rogorc Semswavlelebi, xdebian Tu ara ufro kvalificiurebi
enis codnisa da unarebis TvalsazrisiT.
rogor SevafasoT sakuTari samuSao meTodebi da Sedegebi? upirveles
yovlisa, unda gamoviyenoT SeZlebisdagvarad gansxvavebuli teqnika da kriteri-
umebi. ar arsebobs testi, romelic erTdroulad Seafasebs gamoTqmas, leqsikur
marags, gramatikas, sakomunikacio praqtikas, gagebas, gamoxatvas, weras, mety-
velebas da a. S.
meore, unda SegveZlos sxvadasxva aspeqtebis gancalkeveba. konkretulad
ra unda Sefasdes? rogor gamoiyeneba calkeuli struqturuli wesebi, magali-
Tad, rogor avagoT gramatikuli winadadeba `do~ damxmare zmnis gamoyenebiT? an
rogor gamoviyenoT calkeuli wesebi sxvadasxva sakomunikacio situaciebSi,
rogoricaa: ucnobTan misalmeba, megobrisaTvis pirobis micema, maRaziaSi SevaW-
reba, xumroba, Tavazianobis gamoCena, gaRizianeba da a. S. imis SerCeva, rac unda
Sefasdes, vakuumSi ar xdeba: es unda efuZnebodes dasaxul miznebs. mniSvnelova-
nia imis Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad adekvaturad viyenebT mocemul enas situaci-
asTan, sakuTar miznebTan da socialur urTierTobasTan mimarTebaSi. azri ar
aqvs cxovelebis saxelebis CamonaTvalis swavlas an sajaro leqciisaTvis
mzadebas, Tu aseTi codna realurad ar gvWirdeba.
73
daskvna: swavlaSi saukeTeso Sefaseba TviTSefasebaa.
nawili 6 _ swavlis saxesxvaobani (ix. kompetenciebi 6.1 / 7.3.3.1)
yvela erTnairad ar swavlobs. arseboben adamianebi, romelTac moswonT
zogadad mimoxilva detalebSi CaZiebamde da adamianebi, romelTac moswonT
nabij-nabij svla. zogierTs wesebi moswons da zogierTs magaliTebi urCevnia.
zogierTi riskis moyvarulia da zogierTi amjobinebs mis Tavidan acilebas. ad-
amianebis erTi kategoria upiratesobas aniWebs maRalorganizebul kurss zedmi-
wevniTi struqturis mqone silabusiT, sxvebs improvizacia, davalebisa da Temis
xSiri Secvla moswonT. ra Tqma unda, arian iseTi adamianebic, (albaT, umravle-
soba), romlebic yvelafers akeTeben sxvadasxva dros, ganwyobis mixedviT, _
imisda mixedviT, Tavs daRlilad grZnoben Tu ara, agreTve, gamocdilebis, moce-
muli davalebis tipis, sakuTari resursebisa da miznebis mixedviT. es yvelaferi
cxadyofs, rom ucxo enis Seswavlisadmi arsebuli midgomebi da swavlis saxesx-
vaobani Zalze gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.
idealuri saxesxvaoba ar arsebobs: Zalian bevri adamiani axerxebs ucxo
enebis Seswavlas miuxedavad imisa, rom isini erTnairad ar swavloben. Tumca,
aRsaniSnavia, rom rac ufro meti gansxvavebuli midgoma arsebobs, miT ufro
didia albaToba, gamoiZebnos iseTi, romelic raime konkretuli miznis adekva-
turi iqneba.
enis swavlisaTvis Tavis warmatebiT garTmevisaTvis, saWiroa vicodeT, ra
Segvefereba (swavlis is nairsaxeobani, romelsac vamjobinebT) da ra saxis
midgomebi arsebobs. ase rom, mizani oria: movaxdinoT CvenTvis Sesaferis
nairsaxeobebis identificireba da gavzardoT im nairsaxeobaTa xelmisawvdomoba,
romelTa gamoyenebac SeiZleba dagvWirdes. roca vaxdenT imis identificirebas,
rasac upiratesobas vaniWebT, Tavdapirvelad unda gavarkvioT, ra tipis davale-
bebi mogvwons da ar mogvwons. magram ar unda moxdes mxolod sakuTar davale-
bebze dayrdnoba, radgan SeiZleba adgili hqondes SeuTavseblobas sakuTar
samuSao Cvevebsa (Cvevebi, romelTac Cveulebriv skolaSi iZenen) da pirovnul
tips Soris. yovel SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlebelia xelmisawvdomi midgomebis raode-
nobrivad gazrda, Tu adamiani ar mosinjavs yvela gansxvavebuli tipis davale-
bas. andazaSic naTqvamia: srulyofileba praqtikas moaqvs.
kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:
_ Tu rogori davalebebi, aqtivobebi da savarjiSoebi moswonT / ar mos-
wonT; (ix. kompetenciebi 7.3.1.2)
_ Tu fiqroben imaze, rogor muSaoben;
_ moswonT Tu ara wesebisa da magaliTebis swavla;
_ amjobineben Tu ara erT momentSi erTis saxis samuSaos Sesrulebas;
_ surT Tu ara iseTi davalebebis an aqtivobebis Sesruleba, romelTac
mosabezreblad miiCneven;
_ cdiloben Tu ara zogadad mimoxilvas aqtivobis an davalebis Ses-
rulebis dawyebamde;
_ moswonT Tu ara detalebSi CaZieba;
_ sCveviaT Tu ara ramdenime saswavlo sesiis winaswar dagegmva, Tu
gadawyvetilebas yoveli sesiis dasawyisSi Rebuloben;
_ damoukideblad muSaoba urCevniaT, Tu gundurad;
_ muSaoben uSualod sakuTari moTxovnebis mixedviT, Tu drodadro iseT
aqtivobebsa da davalebebsac asruleben, romlebic arTobT an ainteresebT;
74
TviTSefasebis teqnikis nairsaxeobani
1. SegiZliaT airCioT is testebi, SeavsoT is kiTxvarebi, a. S. romle-
bic SemuSavebulia am mizniT sxvebis mier.
2. testis saxiT SegiZliaT airCioT iseTi aqtivobebisa da davalebebis
Sesruleba, romlebic momzadebulia sxvebis mier da ar aqvs Sefasebis
daniSnuleba.
magaliTi: gramatikul savarjiSos asrulebT wesebisa da magaliTebis
gauTvaliswineblad, Semdeg asworebT sakuTar naSroms da uwerT sakuTar Tavs
niSans.
3. SegiZliaT Tavad SeqmnaT testi, an moamzadoT davaleba, romelsac
TviTSefasebisaTvis gamoiyenebT, an SegiZliaT isargebloT sxva Semswavlelis
mier momzadebuli testebiTa da davalebebiT.
magaliTebi: sagangebod dafareT leqsikonis `Targmanebis~ nawili.
statiis an teqstis qseroaslze sityvebis amoSliT moamzadeT testi, mog-
vianebiT SeasruleT savarjiSo da sakuTari Sedegebi SeadareT teqstis origi-
nals.
upasuxeT megobris mier momzadebul SekiTxvebs zepir gagebaze.
4. SegiZliaT gaimeoroT cota xnis win Sesrulebuli savarjiSo, rom
gaarkvioT, axla ufro giadvildebaT Tu gerTulebaT igi da ra mxriv.
5. SegiZliaT awarmooT dRiuri, sadac CainiSnavT yvela problemas,
romelsac muSaobisas waawydiT (miuxedavad imisa, dasZlieT Tu ara isini),
agreTve sakuTari muSaobis Sefasebas, masTan dakavSirebul grZnobebsa da STa-
beWdilebebs. dRiuris regularuli kiTxviT, SegiZliaT daakvirdeT Tqveni
muSaobis progresirebas.
6. SegiZliaT uzrunvelyoT saubrebi im adamianebTan, visTvisac ena,
romelsac swavlobT, mSobliuria (an gaiTamaSoT saubrebi sxva SemswavlelTan
erTad an damoukideblad). aRniSnuli saubrebi CaiwereT da mogvianebiT gad-
axedeT maT.
magaliTebi: Semswavlels, romelsac unda gaiumjobesos gamoTqma an ga-
moxatva, SeuZlia Seamowmos saubrebis Canawerebi, sakuTari TavisaTvis aseTi
kiTxvebis dasmiT: `rodis momiwia gameoreba?~, `ris gameoreba damWirda?~. `ada-
mianma, romelsac vesaubrebodi, ramdenjer ver gamigo?~. `ra Sesworebebi, kritika
an SeniSvnebi miviRe am adamianisagan? ~
7. SegiZliaT gazomoT Tqveni enobrivi da komunikaciuri SesaZle-
blobebis ramdenime specifikuri aspeqti.
magaliTebi: SegiZliaT gamoTvaloT, ramden xans andomebT werilobiTi
teqstis an Canaweris gagebas.
SegiZliaT gamoTvaloT, ramdenjer dagWirdaT leqsikoniT an Tqveni magni-
tofonis ukan gadasaxvevi RilakiT sargebloba.
SegiZliaT SeqmnaT Tqveni sayvareli Secdomebis sia.
8. sakuTari qmedebis Sefasebis nacvlad, SegiZliaT SeafasoT Tqveni
Tanamosaubreebis pasuxebi da reaqciebi: iyo isini saTanado, damakmayofilebeli,
gasagebi?
magaliTebi:
davibrune Cemi fuli?
vipove quCa, romelsac veZebdi?
gadamixades maT madloba?
gavicani is?
movaxerxe Sexvedris daniSvna?
9. SegiZliaT sakuTari Tavi sxva Semswavlelebs SeadaroT an sTxovoT
maT Tqveni muSaobis Sefaseba.
magaliTebi: Semswavlels, romelic jgufis erT-erTi wevria, SeuZlia
hkiTxos sakuTar Tavs:
75
var me mari-xoses doneze?
viwyeb sofisTan gaTanabrebas?
filipi mjobnis?
ra TvalsazrisiT?
ratom?
jgufs SeuZlia erToblivad Seafasos romelime wevris zogadi done an
specifikuri Zalisxmeva.
10. TviTdamkvidreba: SegiZliaT sakuTar Tavs kiTxvebi dausvaT Tqveni
muSaobis an qmedebebis sxvadasxva emociur da fizikur aspeqtze.
magaliTebi:
uwindeburad vnerviulob telefoniT saubrisas?
vgrZnob Tu ara, rom axla ufro advilad esmiT Cemi?
ufro xSirad vTargmni mSobliuri enidan?
ratom miadvildeba frangulad ukeTesad saubari jinTan da ara marisTan?
76
Ubwj!JJJ!
Son deviti
gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisa da SemswavlelebisaTvis
am etapze gzamkvlevs aqcenti gadaaqvs saklaso oTaxSi momuSave maswavle-
blebsa da Semswavlelebze. es adamianebi xom enis Seswavlis procesis mTavari
monawileebi arian. gadavwyviteT, es nawili orive jgufisaTvis mogvemzadebina.
ZiriTadi mizani aris maswavlebelTa uzrunvelyofa winadadebiT, Tu rogor mia-
wodon kompetenciebis mosazrebebi Semswavlelebs.
faqtiurad, mTeli gzamkvlevi gaTvlilia saklaso oTaxSi moRvawe mas-
wavleblebsa da maT trenerebze. moiazreba nebismieri kategoriis maswavlebeli
yvelanairi saxis pirobebSi, mravalgvari SezRudvebis farglebSi da aseve
gansxvavebuli miznebiT. gzamkvlevSi Setanili kiTxvebisa da davalebebis dax-
marebiT SesaZlebelia im sistemebSi arsebuli problemuri mxareebis identifi-
cireba, romlebSic maswavleblebi moRvaweoben, es maT reformisaTvis
reprezentaciebis saSualebas miscems. maswavleblebma Tavad unda gadawyviton,
romeli nawilebia maTTvis marTebuli da romeli kiTxvebi da davalebebia adek-
vaturi.
dasaSvebia, rom bevrma maswavlebelma dro ver gamonaxos kompetenciebis
wasakiTxad an is zedmetad kompleqsurad miiCnios. arc is aris gamoricxuli,
rom maT ubralod ar hqondeT dro imaze fiqrisaTvis, Tu rogor aswavlian enas,
ras akeTeben, risTvis an ratom akeTeben amas. am mxriv gzamkvlevi Seasrulebs
vademecum-is funqcias. es nawili specialurad Seiqmna im mizniT, rom stimuli
misces da daexmaros maswavleblebs, raTa isini ufro metad dafiqrdnen, ras
akeTeben da Sesabamisad Camoayalibon sakuTari amocanebi saTanado meTodebiT
da SefasebiT. agreTve, am nawilis mizania SeZlebisdagvarad Searbilos kompe
tenciebis aSkara kompleqsuroba, ramdenime ZiriTadi aspeqtiT davalebebisa da
SekiTxvebis uzrunvelyofiT. es daexmareba maswavleblebs enis gamoyenebis iseTi
komponentebis / aspeqtebis winaswar dadgenaSi, romlebic ZiriTad dokumentSia
ganxiluli. amis Semdeg isini ukeT SesZleben msjelobas aRniSnul sakiTxebze
SemswavlelebTan erTad.
-
naklebad savaraudoa, rom enis Semswavlels dro an SesaZlebloba hqon-
des kompetenciebis wasakiTxad; Tanac, bevri ram maTTvis, albaT, Zalze rTuli
da teqnikuri iqneba. amis gaTvaliswinebiT Seiqmna sxvadasxva sakiTxTan da-
kavSirebuli samuSao furclebis krebuli, romelic am nawilis bolosaa gan-
Tavsebuli. igi exeba rogorc SemswavlelTa pirvel enas, ise im enas / enebs, ro-
melTac maT skolaSi aswavlian. samuSao furclebis daniSnulebaa, saSualeba
misces maswavleblebs daexmaron Semswavlelebs, rom maT icodnen, Tu ras akeTe-
ben sakuTari enis gamoyenebisas. Sesabamisad, isini ufro gaTviTcnobierebulni
iqnebian im sakiTxebSi, rasac moicavs ucxo enis Seswavla. enasa da enis gamo-
yenebaSi gaTviTcnobiereba gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia kompetenciebSi, rogorc
adamianis zogadi ganviTarebis erT-erTi mxare. es nawili Sedgeba ramdenime qve-
danayofisagan, romlebic ASegviZlia `erTeulebad~ ganvixiloT. aq mocemulia
kompetenciebSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis mxolod SezRuduli raodenoba2. yoveli
`erTeuli~ iwyeba kompetenciebis Sesabamis Tavze (Tavebze) msjelobiT, rasac mo-
hyveba, kompetenciebis terminebis gamoyenebiT, sakuTari enis detaluri analizi.
Semdeg mocemulia imave sakiTxebis analizi meore an ucxo enasTan mimarTebaSi.
77
aRniSnuli Tavi danarCenebisagan imiT gamoirCeva, rom SekiTxvebTan erTad mo-
wodebulia davalebebi, ganxilul sakiTxebze ufro Rrmad dafiqrebis mizniT.
mkiTxvels SeuZlia misTvis Sesaferis / damxmare davalebebis Sesrulebis Sem-
deg, gadaxedos kompetenciebis Sesabamis Tavs da upasuxos mis bolos dasmul
SekiTxvebs. garkveul etapze SesaZlebelia drois gamonaxvac, aRniSnul sa-
kiTxebze SemswavlelebTan erTad msjelobisaTvis, samuSao furclebis gamoyene-
biT. Tu am procesis Sedegad, maswavleblebi da Semswavlelebi gadawyveten gad-
axedon sakuTar Sexedulebebs enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaze, iseve, rogorc sa-
kuTar midgomas am sakiTxisadmi, maSin gzamkvlevis am Tavis mier dasmuli amo-
cana Sesrulebuli iqneba.
nawili 1 _ komunikaciis aspeqtebi
(kompetenciebi 4, punqtebi 4.1-4.4)
kompetenciebis me-4 Tavi exeba enis gamoyenebasa da enis momxmarebels /
Semswavlels. es `erTeuli~ moicavs aRniSnuli Tavis oTx punqts: enis gamoyene-
bis konteqsti, sakomunikacio Temebi, sakomunikacio davalebebi da miznebi, sako-
munikacio enis aqtivobebi da strategiebi.3
sityva `komunikacia~ ori nawilisagan Sesdgeba: `kom~ niSnavs `erTad~,
`uni~ _ `erTi~ ase, rom komunikaciaSi Cveulebriv CarTulia sul mcire ori ada-
miani _ me da sxva, romelTac erTi sivrce gvaerTianebs. bunebrivia, Cven war-
movidgenT im komunikaciis ZiriTad komponentebs, romelSic vmonawileobT; igive
iTqmis meore mxareze, _ adamianze / adamianebze, visTanac komunikacias vamyarebT,
maT Tanamosaubreebi ewodebaT. didi mniSvneloba aqvs gamaerTianebel sivrcesac;
orive partniori erT talRaze unda imyofebodes. ase, rom mniSvneloba eniWeba
ara mxolod imas, Tu vin arian partniorebi, aramed TiToeuli maTganis fiqrebs,
grZnobebs da a. S. komunikaciis momentSi.
me-4 Tavis 4.1 punqti detalurad ganixilavs yvela im konteqsts, romelSic
adgili aqvs komunikacias. aqcenti keTdeba imaze, Tu sad xdeba komunikacia da
vin monawileobs masSi. saerTod, migvaCnia, rom situaciebi asocirdeba konkre-
tul adgilebTan, rogoricaa: saxli, skola, banki, fosta da a. S. Tumca,
SesaZlebelia maTi dajgufeba ufro farTo gagebiTac _ kerZo, sajaro, samuSao,
saganmanaTleblo da a. S. TiToeul maTganSi moiazreba sxvadasxva institutebi,
magaliTad, ojaxi kerZo gagebiT, skolis administracia saganmanaTleblo
sferoSi. yoveli sfero Tu instituti aerTianebs sxvadasxva adamianebsa da
sagnebs (magaliTad, skolaSi _ maswavleblebi, klaselebi, meore mxriv, wignebi,
saskolo aveji da a.S). Cven am yvelafers vacnobierebT, magram SeiZleba ver vac-
nobierebdeT imas, rom Cvens mier gamoyenebadi enis calkeuli kritikuli ele-
mentebi mniSvnelovnad icvleba imisda mixedviT, Tu sad xdeba komunikacia da
vin monawileobs masSi.
komunikaciis meore aspeqti aris Tema. kompetenciebis 4.2 punqti iyenebs ma-
galiTs (aRebulia zRvruli done 1990-dan), rom gviCvenos, Tu rogor SeiZleba
sakomunikacio aqtebis Temebis klasificireba. pirovnul WrilSi SeiZleba arse-
bobdes Semdegi Temebi: TviTidentifikacia, saxli, garemo, yoveldRiuri
cxovreba, Tavisufali dro da garToba, mogzauroba da a. S. Tema Tavisufal
drosa da garTobaze Sedgeba sami qveTemisagan, romlebic exeba dasvenebas, gata-
cebebsa da interesebs, radiosa da televizias, kinos, Teatrs, sports da a. S.
sporti SeiZleba daiyos saasparezo adgilebis, monawile adamianebis, konkre-
tuli movlenebisa da qmedebebis mixedviT, rogoricaa: TamaSi, yureba da a. S. ko-
munikaciis kidev erTi aspeqtia davalebebi da is miznebi, romlebic amoZravebs
komunikaciaSi monawile TiToeul partniors. TiTqmis SeuZlebelia yvela im
78
SesaZlo davalebaTa CamoTvla, romlebic sruldeba enis gamoyenebisas. kompe-
tenciebis 4.3 punqtSi moyvanilia ori magaliTi (aRebulia kvlav zRvruli done
1990-dan). pirveli exeba samuSao sferos, meore _ pirovnuls. es ori magaliTi,
savaraudod, sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom zogadi warmodgena Segveqmnas davalebe-
bisa da miznebis mniSvnelobaze. samuSao sfero: `rogorc droebiTma reziden-
tebma, Semswavlelebma unda SesZlon samuSao nebarTvis mopoveba, a. S... unda
gaerkvnen dasaqmebis tipSi, xelmisawvdomobasa da pirobebSi..., unda gaecnon
gancxadebebs dasaqmebaze, Seadginon saaplikacio werili da daeswron gasaubre-
bebs...~
pirovnuli sfero: `Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT daasaxelon sakuTari vinaoba,
damarcvlon sakuTari saxeli, daasaxelon sakuTari misamarTi, gascen sakuTari
telefonis nomeri, ganacxadon sad da rodis daibadnen, ra asakis arian... ra
erovnebis, saidan arian warmoSobiT... daaxasiaTon sakuTari ojaxi... Tqvan, ra
moswonT da ra ara..~
komunikaciis bolo aspeqti, romelsac ganixilavs es `erTeuli~, aris sa-
komunikacio enis aqtivobebi. isini gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenadaa adamiani Cabmuli
sakomunikacio aqtSi: agebs sakuTar teqsts (metyveleba an wera), iRebs mas ucv-
lelad (mosmena an kiTxva), interaqciaSia sxva adamianTan an vinmes gadascems
Setyobinebas.
1. 1. komunikaciis aspeqtebi: sakuTari ena
vin, visTan da sad? (monawileebi da situacia)
komunikacia damokidebulia monawile adamianebsa da maT adgilsa-
myofelze. enis gamoyeneba gulisxmobs imis codnas, Tu vin varT Cven, vin aris is
adamiani, romelTanac gvaqvs komunikacia da sad xdeba igi. yvela CamoTvlil
aspeqts Taviseburi sxvaoba Seaqvs Cvens mier gamoyenebad enaSi. am sxvaobaTa
dasanaxad, SegviZlia davfiqrdeT magaliTad, enaze, romelsac Semdeg or gare-
moebaSi gamoviyenebdiT: a) personalis Sesakreb oTaxSi kolegasTan Woraoba; b)
sityviT gamosvla moswavleebis, maswavleblebisa da mSoblebis winaSe mas Sem-
deg, rac skolis safexburTo gundma mniSvnelovani Sexvedra moigo.
davaleba 1 a: rogor icvleba ena imisda mixedviT, Tu vin visTan da sad
amyarebs komunikacias (monawileebi, situacia)
· CamowereT sul mcire aTi adamianis sia4 romlebTan urTierTobaSic
gamoiyeneT ena dRes (an guSin). sxvadasxva feriT aRniSneT aTive maTganis saxeli
imisda mixedviT, enis gansxvavebuli Tu igive tipi gamoiyeneT maTTan urTierTo-
baSi. ra gansxvavebebs hqonda adgili enis gamoyenebaSi adamianTa TiToeul kate-
goriasTan mimarTebaSi?
· CamowereT sul mcire aTi adgilis saxelwodeba, sadac dRes (an
guSin) gamoiyeneT ena. sxvadasxvanairad SeaferadeT aTive maTgani imisda mixed-
viT, enis gansxvavebuli Tu igive tipi gamoiyeneT. ra gansxvavebebi aRiniSna enaSi
sxvadasxva adgilebTan mimarTebaSi?
· CamowereT sul mcire xuTi rolis dasaxeleba, romelTa gansaxiere-
bac dagWirdaT enis gamoyenebisas dRes (an guSin) (magaliTad, maswavlebeli,
klienti, kolega da a.S). sxvadasxva feriT aRniSneT CamoTvlili rolebis das-
axelebebi imisda mixedviT, enis gansxvavebuli Tu igive tipi gamoiyeneT. ra
gansxvavebebs hqonda adgili Tqvens mier gamoyenebul enaSi sxvadasxva rolebis
mixedviT?
79
ris Sesaxeb? (sakomunikacio Temebi) ris gasakeTeblad? ratom?
(davalebebi da miznebi)
komunikaciis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqti aris is, ris garSemoc
igeba TviT komunikacia. amiTac SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos cvlilebebi Cvens
mier gamoyenebad enis tipSi. bunebrivia, yvela Cvengans gaaCnia mizezi komuni-
kaciis dasamyareblad; mogviwevs ama Tu im tipis davalebis Sesruleba. enis
tipic damokidebuli iqneba davalebaze. Tu kolegas vTxovT samsaxurSi Segve-
nacvlos paraskevs, am SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebuli enis tipi SesamCnevad gansxvave-
buli iqneba im tipisagan, romelsac maSin gamoviyenebdiT, kolega sasmelze rom
migvewvia samsaxuris Semdeg.
davaleba 1 b: cvlilebebi enaSi imisda mixedviT Tu ris garSemo agebT
komunikacias (Temebi) da ras akeTebT (davalebebi)
· CamowereT sul mcire aTi Temis dasaxeleba, romelTa irgvlivac aageT
komunikacia dRes (an guSin). yoveli maTgani sxvadasxva feriT aRniSneT imisda
mixedviT, Tqven mier gamoyenebuli enis tipi gansxvavebuli iyo Tu igive. ra
gansxvavebebs hqonda adgili Tqvens mier gamoyenebul enaSi, TemaTa kategoriebis
mixedviT?
CamowereT aTi davaleba, romelTa Sesasrulebladac ena gamoiyeneT dRes
(an guSin). yoveli maTgani sxvadasxva feriT aRniSneT imisda mixedviT, Tqvens
mier gamoyenebuli enis tipi gansxvavdeboda Tu igive iyo. ra gansxvavebebs
hqonda adgili Tqvens mier gamoyenebul enaSi, davalebaTa kategoriebis mixed-
viT?
davaleba 1 g: enobrivi cvlilebebi kompleqsur konteqstebSi
axla moaTavseT Tqvens mier Sedgenili siebi erTmaneTis gverdiT, Ti-
Toeuli siidan SearCieT calkeuli punqtebi da mimarTeT maT imgvar kombinire-
bas, rom SeqmnaT komunikaciis mTliani kompleqsuri konteqsti.
ra saxis cvlilebebs hqonda adgili enaSi (magaliTad, cvlilebebi leqsi-
kaSi, gramatikaSi, sintaqsSi, gamoTqmaSi, intonaciaSi da a.S)?
iyo Tu ara iseTi konteqstebi, romlebSic cvlileba ramdenime punqtma ga-
napiroba?
ra saxis monawileoba Cveni mxridan?
Cven, rogorc maswavleblebi, xSirad vyofT enas oTxi unaris mixedviT:
ori produqtiuli (metyveleba da wera) da ori recefciuli (mosmena da kiTxva).
Tumca, kompetenciebi gvTavazobs dayofis alternatiul variants, adamianebis
komunikaciaSi monawileobis mixedviT.
interaqcia: dRis manZilze enis gamoyeneba, ZiriTadad, xdeba erTi-erTze
komunikaciisas, romelSic monawileobs sul mcire ori adamiani. isini monacv-
leobiT monawileoben enobrivi producirebisa da recefciis procesebSi.
producireba: Cven vsaubrobT (vwerT an mivaniSnebT) uwyvetad drois
garkveul monakveTSi.
· recefcia Cven vusmenT saubars, vucqerT vinmes miniSnebas an
vkiTxulobT vinmes nawers.
· mediacia: zogjer enas viyenebT ise, rom komunikaciaSi uSualod
vmonawileobT; am dros SeiZleba Setyobinebebs gadavcemdeT or
adamians, romlebic uSualod erTmaneTs ver ukavSirdebian.
80
magaliTad, abazanaSi myof Svils SeiZleba gadavceT
Setyobineba im adamianisagan, romelmac telefoniT dareka.
oTxive SemTxvevaSi Cven sxvadasxvanairad varT Cabmuli komunikaciaSi, rac
zegavlenas axdens Cvens mier gamoyenebul enis tipzec.
ra saSualebiT?
Cven mier aqamde moyvanili magaliTebi mxolod saubarsa da mosmenas exe-
boda. sakomunikacio saSualeba metyveleba iyo. Tumca, ra Tqma unda, arsebobs
sxva saSualebebic _ werilobiTi (furcelze, kompiuterSi, an teleekranebze,
a.S), miniSnebiTi (niSnebis ena), SexebiTi (braili), Cvens mier SerCeuli saSualeba
aucileblad moaxdens zegavlenas enis tipze, romelsac viyenebT.
davaleba 1 d: cvlilebebi enaSi imisda mixedviT Tu , rogor vamyarebT ko-
munikacias
komunikaciis TiToeul kompleqsur konteqsts, romlebic aRwerilia da-
valebaSi 1 g, daumateT axali elementebi (a), sakuTari monawileobis tipi (b) da
Tqvens mier gamoyenebuli saSualeba. axla maTgan SearCieT erTi an ori jgufi
da warmoidgineT is enobrivi cvlilebebi, romelTac eqneboda adgili:
(i) Tqven rom SegecvalaT sakuTari monawileobis saxe sakomunikacio
aqtivobaSi (magaliTad, interaqciidan mediaciaze gadasvla;)
(ii) komunikaciis saSualeba gansxvavebuli rom yofiliyo;
(iii) komunikaciaSi monawile ori adamianidan erT-erTi brma an sme-
nadaqveiTebuli rom yofiliyo;
sakuTar enaze komunikaciis aspeqtebis Sejameba
Cven ukve ganvixileT komunikaciis Svidi gansxvavebuli aspeqti: Cveni da
Cveni partniorebis roli, adgili, Tema, davaleba, Cveni monawileobis saxe da
saSualeba. SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom yovelTvis erTsa da imave enas viyenebT, ma-
gram yovelma aspeqtma SeiZleba ramdenadme Sescvalos igi.
1. 2. komunikaciis aspeqtebi; axali ena
saerTod, rogorc axal, ise sakuTar enaze komunikaciisas, vexebiT met-
naklebad msgavs problemebs da sakiTxebTan. erTaderTi gansxvaveba is aris, rom
axali enis gamoyenebisas adamiani ufro metad acnobierebs calkeul problemebs.
axali enis gamoyeneba unda SegveZlos imave adgilebSi, imave rolebis Sesas-
ruleblad, imave kategoriis xalxTan urTierTobaSi, imave davalebebis Sesas-
ruleblad da a. S. Tumca, arsebobs ramdenime mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba. mom-
devno etapze Tavi unda warmovidginoT saklaso oTaxSi, axali enis Semswav-
lelis rolSi.
Semswavlelis roli
axal enaze komunikaciisas, enis Semswavlelis roli unda davurToT Cvens
mier ukve Sedgenil sias. es axali roli moiTxovs zogierTi iseTi davalebis
Sesrulebas, rac mSobliur enaze ar gvWirdeba _ vinmesTvis miniSneba, rom ar
gvesmis, maTTvis ufro nela da garkveviT saubris an naTqvamis gameorebis
Txovna, sityvis mniSvnelobis ganmartebis Txovna, SekiTxva, Tu rogor unda
vTqvaT konkretuli rame axal enaze, a. S.
saklaso oTaxi, rogorc sakomunikacio garemo
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axali enis gamoyenebaze zegavlenas moaxdens erTi fizikuri garemo: sak-
laso oTaxi. am konteqstSi komunikacia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes axal an
mSobliur enaze, an orive maTganze. Sesasrulebeli davalebebic ramdenadme
Seicvleba. isini SeiZleba moicavdes realur komunikacias (iseTs, rogorSic
vmonawileobT mSobliur enaze). an ubralod repeticiebs samomavlod komuni-
kaciisaTvis. isic dasaSvebia, rom maT urTierToba ar hqondes realur komuni-
kaciasTan. ufro metic, davalebebSi SeiZleba aqcenti keTdebodes enis Seswav-
laze da ara komunikaciaze, an oriveze erTdroulad.
axali ena, rogorc sakomunikacio Tema
kidev erTi axali elementi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mSobliuri enisagan
gansxvavebiT, ufro meti aqcenti gakeTdeba TviT enis formebze. es formebi
SeiZleba xSirad komunikaciis Temad iqces. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba dagvWirdes
imis swavla, Tu rogor visaubroT enaze axleburad.
samuSao furceli 1a komunikaciis Svidive aspeqts Semswavlelebze gaTv-
lil cxrilSi aerTianebs. Semswavlelebs moeTxovebaT identificireba yvela im
enobrivi cvlilebisa, romelsac ganapirobebs aspeqtis cvlileba. samuSao fur-
celi 1g exeba saklaso oTaxs, rogorc konteqsts da gansakuTrebiT, im davale-
bebsa da Temebs, romlebsac aq vxvdebiT. Tqven SegiZliaT daexmaroT enis
Semswavlelebs, maT mier samuSao furclebze gacemuli pasuxebis mixedviT, sa-
kuTari Tavis, rogorc enis Semswavlelebis profilis SeqmnaSi. es iqneba
mzadeba ELP-is versiis gamoyenebisaTvis, rac ganxilulia me-2 TavSi.
kiTxvebi, romlebic moiTxovs dafiqrebas
gamomdinare iqidan, rom zemoxsenebulma cvlilebebma SeiZleba ganapi-
robos cvlilebebi gamoyenebad enaSi, Tqven SeiZleba moisurvoT aRniSnuli sa-
kiTxebis ganxilva kompetenciebis gadmosaxedidan da SeamowmoT Tqveni samuSao
sqema / silabusi, ramdenad mkafiod ayalibebs:
_ sakomunikacio davalebebs pirovnul, sajaro, profesiul da / an sagan-
manaTleblo sferoebSi, romlebTan gamklavebac mouwevT Semswavlelebs da
agreTve, miznebs, rac arCevans ganapirobebs;
_ aqtivobebs, romlebSic monawileobas miiReben Semswavlelebi konkretu-
li miznebis misaRwevad _ agreTve Temebs, qveTemebs da specifikur cnebebs,
romlebic Semswavlelebs samoqmedod dasWirdebaT;
_ Tu ra werilobiTi davalebebisaTvis gegmavT maT momzadebas;
_ Tu ra saxis kiTxvisa da mosmenisaTvis gegmavT maT momzadebas;
_ Tu ra saxis interaqciebi moeTxovebaT Tqvens Semswavlelebs;
_ Tu ra saxis mediaciur aqtivobebSi mouwevT Tqvens Semswavlelebs
monawileoba.
1. 3. strategiebi
me_4 Tavis yoveli nawilis bolos, romelic exeba enobriv aqtivobebs,
ganixileba is strategiebi, romelTac xalxi mimarTavs enis gamoyenebasTan da-
kavSirebuli problemebis dasaZlevad. `sakomunikacio strategiebis gamoyeneba
SeiZleba miCneul iqnes metakognituri principebis gamoyenebad: sxvadasxva saxis
sakomunikacio aqtivobis: recefciis, interaqciis, producirebisa da mediaciis
winaswari dagegmva, Sesruleba, monitoringi da Sesworeba~ (kompetenciebi, 4.4)
strategiebi sxvadasxva tipis sakomunikacio aqtivobebisaTvis aq Tavmoy-
rilia maTi xelmisawvdomobis gaadvilebis mizniT.
enis producirebaSi (interaqciis CaTvliT) gamoyenebadi strategiebi
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bunebrivia, zogadi strategiebis detalebi Seicvleba imisda mixedviT, Tu ra
saxiT vmonawileobT komunikaciaSi; erTi-erTze interaqciaSi am strategiebs
sxvadasxvagvari gamoyeneba eqneba.
magaliTad, Tu kolegas cudi ambavi unda vacnoboT (davuSvaT is, rom man
warmatebiT ver gaiara gasaubreba), saWiroa saTqmelis winaswar organizeba. es
dagegmvis fazaa. warmoidgineT, rom axla kolegasTan vimyofebiT saxlSi da
faqtiurad, vasrulebT davalebas; es Sesrulebis fazaa. saubris procesSi
yuradRebiT davakvirdebiT Cvens naTqvamze reagirebas da mis adekvaturobas; ase
rom, Cven vaxorcielebT monitorings. Secdomis SemTxvevaSi, vecdebiT mis gamos-
worebas.
axla davuSvaT, rom cudi ambis cnobebas telefoniT vcdilobT. am
SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba igive gegma gvqondes, rac pirispir Sexvedrisas. magram,
rogor moviqceT, Tu avtomopasuxe iqneba CarTuli? mogviwevs yvelafris Tavidan
dawyeba, radgan saWiro iqneba gawelili sityvis sxvagvarad dagegmva, rom
reaqciebis monitoringi SevZloT. Tu mivmarTavT werilobiT saSualebas (ma-
galiTad, faqsi) dagegmva, Sesruleba, monitoringi da Sesworeba winaswar unda
moxdes.
enis recefciaSi gamoyenebadi strategiebi
recefciul komunikaciaSic SegviZlia dagegmvis, Sesrulebis, monitoring-
isa da Sesworebis zogadi strategiebis gamoyeneba, magram am procesSi Car-
Tulia sxvadasxva unarebi: SemuSaveba, daskvna, hipoTezis Semowmeba, hipoTezis
gadakeTeba. yovelive es TvalsaCinodaa ilustrirebuli kompetenciebis punqtSi
4.4.2.4. zogierTi samuSao furceli, kerZod 1b da 1g moicavs danayofebs, romle-
bic exeba strategiebs.
kiTxvebi, romlebic moiTxovs dafiqrebas
Tqveni samuSao sqema mkafiod ayalibebs:
Tu romeli strategiebi miesadageba mocemul Semswavlelebs mocemul
doneze?
rogor sjobs maTi wardgena maswavleblebisaTvis?
ra saxiT unda figurirebdes isini SefasebaSi?
nawili 2 _ unarebi da kompetenciebi
(kompetenciebi 4.5, 4.7-is nawilebi)
2. 1. unarebi, romlebic gvaqvs mSobliur enaSi
kompetenciebis punqti 4.5 gvawvdis yvela im procesis CamonaTvals, romle-
bic komunikaciaSi monawileobs. nakleb savaraudoa, vacnobierebdeT, Tu raoden
CaxlarTulia komunikaciis procesi, ramdenad mravalferovania misi etapebi da
ras moicavs TiToeuli maTgani. magaliTad, enis producirebisas unda davgegmoT
is, ris Tqma, dawera an miniSnebac gvinda; muSaobaSi unda moviyvanoT saTanado
kunTebi saTqmelis gamosaxatavad (isini gansxvavdeba saSualebebis mixedviT);
unda SevamowmoT, yvelaferi gegmis mixedviT midis Tu ara; saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi unda davumatoT fizikuri moqmedebebi, sxeulis ena, intonacia, a. S.
unda gamoviyenoT ilustraciebi, suraTebi, diagramebi, werilobiTi an nabeWdi
masala, an specialuri niSnebi. kiTxvac moicavs procesebis kompleqsur nakrebs.
83
sinamdvileSi, kiTxva gulisxmobs, nabeWdi gverdidan miRebuli informaciis Se-
darebas im informaciasTan, romelsac mexsierebaSi vinaxavT. es informacia
sxvadasxva saxisaa: asoTa jgufebis sityvebad amocnobis da maTi mniSvnelobis
Semowmebis unari (leqsikuri codna), sityvaTa iseT jgufebad kombinirebis
unari, rom azri ikiTxebodes (codna samyaros Sesaxeb), sityvaTa gaerTianebis
principebis dadgena (gramatikuli codna), jgufebis (winadadebebis) ufro
msxvil erTeulebad kombinireba ise, rom azri ikiTxebodes (codna samyaros da
imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor mimdinareobs movlenebi), a. S. Cveulebriv, Semomaval in-
formacias sityvebsa da elementarul winadadebebze imdenad swrafad vadarebT
Cvens mexsierebaSi dacul informacias, rom am process verc ki vamCnevT; igi
TiTqmis avtomaturia.
zogadi da specifikuri codnis sxvadasxva saxeebi (kompetenciebis punqti 5.1)
es procesebi moicavs sxvadasxva kompetenciebis an codnis saxeebis gamo-
yenebas. kompetenciebi moixsenebs savoir-is oTx gansxvavebul tips. aq mxolod
oriodeze SevaCerebT yuradRebas.
yoveli Cvengani flobs sxvadasxva saxis codnas, romelic TamaSSi erTveba
komunikaciis dros. upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia, codna samyaros Sesaxeb,
rac gvexmareba TvaliT nanaxisa da yuriT gagonilis interpretirebaSi. zogadi
codna gagvaCnia imis Sesaxebac, Tu rogoria sakomunikacio aqtebis struqtura.
gvaqvs, aseve specifikuri saxis codna, dakavSirebuli im sazogadoebasTan, ro-
melSic vcxovrobT _ rogor cxovrobs xalxi, rogoria maTi urTierToba, ra
Rirebulebebi gagvaCnia da a. S. pirveli ori saxis codna gamosadegia maSinac,
roca vexebiT axal enasa da kulturas. gvaqvs imis codnac, Tu rogor
movaxdinoT enis organizeba ise, rom Seesabamebodes Cvens survils.
Cveni codna samyarosa da imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoria sakomunikacio
aqtebis struqtura
gavafarToveT ra sakuTari gamocdileba samyarosTan mimarTebaSi,
SevqmeniT sakuTari scenarebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoraa es samyaro mowyobili,
savaraudod ras unda velodeT ama Tu im situaciaSi da rogori iqneba movle-
naTa Tanamimdevroba. am scenarebs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni arsebo-
bisaTvis; ubralod dafiqrdiT, quCis gadakveTisas, raoden mniSvnelovania Cveni
unari, gamovicnoT transportis moZraobis siCqare da mimarTuleba. prognozebis
unari gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania komunikaciaSi. Cven SegviZlia dasawyisis
mosmenis Semdeg, wamis mexuTedSi gamovicnoT sityvebi. aseve, SegviZlia prog-
nozireba imisa, rac unda iTqvas, an daiweros, mosmenis an kiTxvis dawyebamdec,
radgan, savaraudod, vicnobT Sinaarsis 80%-s. faqtiurad, kiTxviT an mosmeniT
miRebuli informaciis didi nawili momdinareobs ara sityvebidan an bgeriTi
talRebidan, aramed Cvens mexsierebaSi daculi scenarebidan, aqtivaciac xdeba
aRniSnuli simboloebiT.
vflobT kidev erTi mniSvnelovani saxis codnas, rac calkeuli sakomuni-
kacio aqtebis struqturas exeba. magaliTad, SegviZlia prognozi gavukeToT
sainformacio gamoSvebis an gazeTebSi amindis prognozis ganTavsebis struqtu-
ras, agreTve, imas, Tu rogoraa moTxrobili zRaprebi an rogoraa Cawerili in-
terviu.
Cveni codna sazogadoebaSi enis saTanadod gamoyenebis Sesaxeb
(kompetenciebi 5.2.2.)
pirvel ganyofilebaSi SeviswavleT sxvadasxva situaciebi, romlebSic
enas viyenebT da davaskveniT, Tu rogor SeiZleba Seicvalos ena imisda mixed-
viT, Tu sad varT, visTan gvaqvs komunikacia da rogoria Cveni roli am ada-
84
mianebTan mimarTebaSi. enis saTanadod Secvlis unars sociolingvisturi kompe-
tencia ewodeba. es kompetencia damokidebulia Cvens specifikur codnaze saku-
Tari sazogadoebisa da kulturis Sesaxeb _ rogor iqceva xalxi, rogor axdens
socializacias, rogor muSaobs da erToba _ da codnaze sakuTari Tavis,
midgomebis, Rirebulebebis, mosazrebebis, motivaciisa da axal situaciebTan Se-
guebis Sesaxeb. es codna, metwilad gaucnobierebelia; Seumowmeblad miRebuli.
mas mxolod maSin vamCnevT, roca Cndeba mizezi misi kiTxvis niSnis qveS dayene-
bisa. sakuTari enis im socialur garemoze morgebis unari, romelSic aR-
movCndiT, niSnavs, rom viciT ramdenime mSobliuri ena. ra Tqma unda, am codnisa
da unaris moculoba cvalebadobs konkretuli adamianebis mixedviT, magram maT
yvela flobs garkveul doneze.
davaleba 2a: sazogadoebis Sesaxeb sakuTari specifikuri codnis gad
axedva
-
SeadgineT sia sakuTari qveynis mixedviT:
_saidentifikacio saSualebebi, romelTac Tan atarebT (aseTis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi);
_ Tqvens qveyanaSi arsebuli rasobrivi da religiuri jgufebi;
_ romel saaTzea sauzme, sadili da vaxSami;
_ rogor saCuqars miarmevT, roca sadilze gepatiJebian.
es yvelaferi SeiZleba Zalze Cveulebrivad da banalurad mogeCvenoT, ma-
gram, roca xedavT, Tu ra problemebs awydebian ucxoelebi am mxriv, acno-
bierebT maT mniSvnelobas. igive SeiZleba gakeTdes geografiul, istoriul da
politikur informaciasTan dakavSirebiT.
Cveni organizebis unari enis mxriv (pragmatuli kompetenciebi)
(kompetenciebi 5.2.3)
pragmatuli kompetencia gulisxmobs Cvens unars, enidan amovkriboT da
Tavi movuyaroT iseT elementebs, rac saSualebas mogcems vakeToT is, rac
gvinda. magaliTad, roca gvinda sakuTari bankis menejers sesxi vTxovoT iseTi
proeqtisaTvis, romelic garkveul eWvs badebs, bunebrivia am saTqmels ise ver
avagebT, TiTqos kolegas wigns vTxovdeT. Cven Zalze frTxilad movekidebiT
saTqmelisa da uxerxuli elementebis organizebas. sociolingvisturi kompeten-
ciis msgavsad, pragmatuli kompetenciis moculobac gansxvavdeba calkeuli ada-
mianebis mixedviT. amitomac, Tu proeqtSi ramdenime adamiani monawileobs, axsna-
ganmartebis rTuli davalebis Sesasruleblad, Cveulebriv, irCeven iseTs, rom-
lis pragmatuli kompetenciac saukeTesoa.
2. 2. unarebi da kompetenciebi axal enaSi
Cvens xelT arsebuli sxvadasxva saxis codnis gamoyeneba axal enaze
Tu gadavxedavT imas, rac iTqva kiTxvis unarze am `erTeulis~ dasawyisSi,
SevamCnevT, rom igi moicavs orgvar informacias: informacias, romelsac vRebu-
lobT nabeWdi gverdidan da informacias, romelsac mexsierebaSi vinaxavT.
mSobliur enaze kiTxvis unaridan gamomdinare, Cven viciT, rom saWiroa am ori
saxis informaciis Sedareba teqstis mniSvnelobis gasagebad. axal enaSi aseTi
informacia SeiZleba arasruli iyos; SesaZloa ar gvqondes asoTa jgufebis
sityvebad amocnobis unari; SeiZleba ver vaxerxebdeT maTi mniSvnelobis gagebas
leqsikuri maragis simciris gamo da aseve, SesaZlebelia ar gamogvdiodes sity-
vebis jgufebad kombinireba, azris CamoyalibebisaTvis gramatikuli codnis sim-
wiris gamo. Tumca, Tuki viciT ras exeba teqsti, SeiZleba movaxerxoT ucxo
sityvebis mniSvnelobis gamocnoba da Sesabamisad, sityvebis (winadadebis)
jgufebis ufro msxvil erTeulebad kombinireba da maTgan azris gamotana
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(codna samyarosa da imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor mimdinareobs movlenebi), a. S. maSi-
nac ki, roca zustad ar viciT, ris Sesaxebaa teqsti, sityvaTa mniSvnelobis
codna SeiZleba sakmaris iyos amis gasagebad garkveul donemde.
zemoxsenebuli migviTiTebs, rom Cvens xelT arsebuli codnis didi
nawili eqvemdebareba axal enaze gadatanas. es, gansakuTrebiT exeba codnis
pirvel or saxes: codnas samyarosa da teqstebis sturqturuli agebulebis Ses-
axeb, rac erTgvari xaraCos funqcias asrulebs mniSvnelobis gagebasa da enis
Seswavlis procesSi.
davaleba 2 b: sxvadasxva saxis codnis gamoyeneba CvenTvis ucnob enaze (ix.
samuSao furceli 2A saTanado davalebisaTvis)
TqvenTvis ucnob enaze moiZieT iseTi mokle teqsti, romelic exeba
TqvenTvis nacnob Temas. es SeiZleba iyos sagazeTo statia an teqsti interneti-
dan sayovelTaod cnobili movlenis an adamianis Sesaxeb, aseve zRapari, re-
ligiuri Sinaarsis teqsti an TviT locva.
· xazi gausviT nebismier sityvas (adamianebisa da adgilebis saxelebis
CaTvliT) romlis mniSvnelobac gesmiT;
· gonebrivad aageT sqema teqstis savaraudo Sinaarsis Sesaxeb.
· TqvenTvis nacnobi sityvebisa da aRniSnuli sqemis mixedviT, See-
cadeT gamoicnoT teqstSi arsebuli nebismieri sxva sityvis mniSvneloba.
· daakvirdiT, ra saxiTaa mocemuli sityvebi kombinirebuli, xom ar
amCnevT raime nimuSs? SegiZliaT CamoayaliboT wesebi?
Tqven studentebsac igive saxis codna eqnebaT xelT, aseTi codnis gamo-
yeneba moiTxovs saTanado strategiebis arsebobas. studentebs SeiZleba
dasWirdeT momzadeba aRniSnuli strategiebis SemuSavebis kuTxiT.
problemuri aspeqti: sazogadoebaSi enis saTanadod gamoyeneba
codna axali sazogadoebisa da kulturis Sesaxeb calke sakiTxia. aseTi
codnis misaRebad saWiroa swavla. kompetenciebis 5.1.1.2 punqtSi naTqvamia `im sa-
zogadoebisa da kulturis codna, sadac mocemul enaze metyveleben, saWiroebs
am enis Semswavlelis mxridan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas, radgan codnis mra-
vali sxva aspeqtisagan gansxvavebiT, igi SeiZleba ucxo iyos Semswavlelis ga-
mocdilebisaTvis da stereotipebiT ramdenadme damaxinjebulic.~ amave codnis
nawilia sazogadoebaSi enis saTanadod gamoyenebac. igi saWiroa: socialuri
urTierTobebis markirebisaTvis (misalmebis swori formis SerCeva imisda mixed-
viT, Tu visTan gvaqvs urTierToba da sad vimyofebiT). Tavazianobis saCveneblad,
midgomis sxvadasxvaobis aRsaniSnavad, aqcentis sxvadasxvagvarobisa da misi
mniSvnelobis miuxedavad. erT-erTi ZiriTadi aspeqti, rac moiTxovs Cvengan gan-
sakuTrebuli yuradRebis miqcevas axal enaSi, aris sociolingvisturi kompeten-
cia. Zalze advilia sazogadoebaSi ucxo enis arasaTanadod gamoyeneba, Tuki sa-
kuTar qmedebasa da naTqvams socialur mniSvnelobas gamovacliT. Sesabamisad,
advilia gaugebrobisa da uTanxmoebis gamowvevac. ena gacilebiT ufro meti
ramaa, vidre ubralod sakomunikacio saSualeba; is erT-erTi umTavresi gzaa sa-
kuTari identurobis saCveneblad. is faqti, rom sxvadasxva qveynebSi mcxovrebi
adamianebi, enas iyeneben msgavs situaciebSi msgavsi qmedebisaTvis, ar niSnavs
imas, rom isini yvelafers erTnairad akeTeben. TiToeuli kultura Taviseburad
udgeba enas da Cven, Semswavlelebs, mogveTxoveba sxvaTa naTqvamis faruli
mniSvnelobis gageba da amasTan, imis dadgenac, Tu rogor iqneba Cveni naTqvami
an qmedeba interpretirebuli.
86
davaleba 2g; Tqveni sociolingvisturi kompetencia im enaSi, romelsac
aswavliT (ix. samuSao furceli 2b saTanado davalebisaTvis)
SeadgineT iseTi dialogi, romelic SesaZloa dagWirdeT bankTan an samSe-
neblo sazogadoebasTan urTierTobisas, binisaTvis sesxis gamosatanad, roca
xelT gaqvT Rirebulebis mxolod 30%. Semdeg upasuxeT mocemul kiTxvebs:
_ xom ar waawydiT problemebs enis saTanadod gamoyenebis mxriv (magali-
Tad, menejerTan misalmebisas, sasaubro Temaze gadasvlisas da a.S)
_ sesxTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis garkveva telefoniT rom dagWi-
rvebodaT, gecodinebodaT, rogor dagewyoT, an dagesrulebinaT saubari?
_ faqsis an eleqtronuli Setyobinebis gagzavna rom yofiliyo saWiro,
gecodinebodaT, rogor dagewyoT an dagesrulebinaT igi?
kiTxvebi, romlebic moiTxovs dafiqrebas:
ramdenad SeuZliaT Semswavlelebs sociolingvisturi da pragmatuli kom-
petenciebis SeZena an bunebrivad ganviTareba? ramdenad SesaZlebelia socio-
lingvisturi da pragmatuli kompetenciebis mopoveba an bunebrivad ganviTareba
strategiebis gamoyenebaSi?
ra meTodebs mimarTavT maTi ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaTvis?
nawili 3 _ enis gamoyenebis codna (kompetenciebi 5.2.1)
es ganyofileba exeba enis codnis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs, dawyebuli saku-
Tari eniTa da imis ganxilviT, Tu ramdenad SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli codnis
gadatana im enaze, romelsac vswavlobT.
3. 1. TviT enis codna (enobrivi kompetencia)
enis codna moicavs: sityvebs, sityvaTa cvlilebebs, sityvebis sworad
gaerTianebas, sityvebisa da winadadebebis mniSvnelobis codnas, am enis bgerebis
gamoTqmisa da gamocnobis codnas. yoveli maTgani cal-calkea ganxiluli kom-
petenciebis punqtSi 5.2. Tu originals vkiTxulobT, aRniSnuli punqtis gageba
SeiZleba gagviZneldes, radgan masSi mravali teqnikuri terminia. Tumca, si-
namdvileSi, isini arc ise teqnikuria. adamianebi, romlebic enis Taviseburebas
swavloben, davoben mravali aseTi terminis zusti mniSvnelobisa da enis bevri
aspeqtis gamo, rac bevrad ufro teqnikuria, vidre erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba mog-
veCvenos. am etapze Sejamebis nacvlad, `erTeulSi~ grZeldeba ganxilva ga-
moTqmis, weris unaris, leqsikuri maragisa da gramatikis kuTxiT.7
3. 2. bgerebis codna (fonologiuri kompetencia: kompetenciebi 5.2.1.4)
enis SemswavlelisaTvis garkveul asaks zemoT, erT-erT yvelaze did sir-
Tules warmoadgens bgerebis, riTmisa da intonaciis sworad gageba. imdenad
SeCveulni varT am yvelafers sakuTar enze, rom verc ki vacnobierebT, ramdenad
CaxlarTulia kompetenciis es tipi. inglisurad molaparake ucxoelebi sir-
Tules awydebian th-bgerebTan, xmovnebis da difTongebis da maxvilis gamoyene-
basTan mimarTebaSi (sad daismis maxvili mocemul sityvebSi: telephone, telephonist, telephonic?) agreTve, uZneldebaT mniSvnelobaSi intonaciiT Setanili cvlilebe-
bis gageba (He CAN ' T be serious, niSnavs `is albaT xumrobs; SeuZlebelia amas se-
riozulad ambobdes~. normaluri intonaciis SemTxvevaSi fraza aseTia: `He can't be serious, rac niSnavs `mas ar SeuZlia iyos seriozuli~). Zalian xSirad bgerebis,
87
riTmisa da intonaciis kuTxiT arsebuli problemebi ganapirobebs sxvanairad
gagebas. magaliTad, aviRoT sityva development (`ganviTareba~). arasworad dasmuli
maxvilis gamo, adamians romlisTvisac es sityva mSobliuria, SeiZleba gau-
Wirdes misi gageba da aman SesaZloa gamoiwvios komunikaciis rRveva, maSin roca
v-s gamoTqma w-d, magram maxsvilis sworad gamoyeneba, gagebis problemas ar
Seqmnis.
3. 3. werilobiTi simboloebis codna (orTografiuli da
orToepiuli kompetencia; kompetenciebi 5.2.1.5,6)
mSobliur enaze wera-kiTxva xdeba iseTi unarebis gamoyenebiT, romelTac
Cven ver vacnobierebT. upirveles yovlisa, mimdinareobs simboloTa nakrebis
ubralod gaSifvra, anu simboloebis Seqmna. Cveulebriv, arc ki vfiqrobT am
unarebze, sanam sirTules ar wavawydebiT maTTan mimarTebaSi, magaliTad, imitom,
rom simboloebi gaTxapnilia da mkafiod ar Cans, an vitkineT xeli, romliTac
vwerT. samuSao furcelze 2C mocemulia aqtivoba fonetikuri CanaweriT, rac
odnav gagvarkvevs im unarebSi, romlebsac gaucnobiereblad viyenebT sakuTar
enaze wera-kiTxvisas. es aqtivoba gaTvlilia enis Semswavlelebze, magram
SeiZleba gamosadegi iyos maswavleblebisaTvisac, gansakuTrebiT, im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu isini maincdamainc ar icnoben fonetikur Canawers.
3. 4. sityvebis codna (leqsikuri kompetencia: kompetenciebi 5.2.1.1)
naSromSi `sityvebi gonebaSi~ (Words in the Mind, Basil Blackwell-is gamocema, Ox-ford, 1987) jin aitCisoni saubrobs sityvaTa im raodenobaze, romelic adamianma
icis mSobliur enaze da am sityvebis cnobis siCqareze.
mSobliur enaze arsebuli leqsikuri maragis moculobis gamoTvla xdeba
realuri donis proporciulad. savaraudod, ganaTlebuli zrdasruli adamianis
sityvaTa maragi meryeobs 50,000-dan 250,000-mde, es didi ricxvebi imis maCvenebe-
lia, rom mentaluri leqsikonis safuZveli sistematuria.
meore mizezi, rac ganapirobebs sityvaTa organizebas gonebaSi, aris maTi
ganTavsebis maRali siCqare. amas cxadyofs, upirveles yovlisa, Cveulebrivi
metyvelebis siCqare, romlisTvisac wamSi eqvsi marcvlis gamoyeneba, sami an meti
sityvis ageba, saSualo standartia. am maCvenebels adasturebs eqsperimenti,
gviCvenebs ra, rom adamians SeuZlia mSobliur enaze naTqvami sityva icnos 200
wamis meaTasedSi an misi gamoTqmis dawyebidan ufro nakleb droSi, rac daax-
loebiT wamis mexuTeds Seadgens. umetes SemTxvevaSi es xdeba sityvis mTlianad
gagonebamde.
sityvebis dajgufeba
Tu mSobliur enaze naTqvami sityvis cnobas wamis mexuTeds vandomebT,
sityvebis dasajgufeblad Zalze efeqturi sistemaa saWiro. sityvebis dajgufeba
xdeba ornairad _ mniSvnelobisa da bgeris mixedviT. Cveulebriv, Tavmoyra xdeba
mniSvnelobis jgufebSi (maT semantikuri sferoebi ewodeba). es jgufebi xSirad
gadabmulia da erTi da igive sityva SeiZleba maTgan ramdenimes ekuTvnodes.
erTi sistemis nacvlad gvaqvs sistemaTa qseli an bade. aqedan gamomdinare,
sityva `Rvino~ Segvxvdeba `sasmelebis~, `sasoflo-sameurneo nawarmis~ da `fere-
bis~ jgufebSi da dakavSirebuli iqneba sxva iseT jgufebTanac, rogoricaa
`wveulebebi~, `restornebi~ a. S. sityvebis dajgufeba xdeba aramarto mniSvnelo-
bis, aramed bgeris mixedviTac. magaliTad, sityvebis swrafad gaxseneba SesaZle-
belia maTi sawyisi asos / asoebis an riTmis nimuSis mixedviT. dajgufebis es
ori saSualeba urTierTdamokidebulia.
88
Ddavaleba 3 a: imis gadaxedva, Tu rogor jgufdeba sityvebi mexsierebaSi
(es davaleba meordeba 3-a samuSao furclis saxiT)
daakvirdiT, rogor ajgufebT sityvebs mSobliur enaze.
60 wamis farglebSi qvemoT mocemuli yoveli rigis mixedviT, daiTvaleT
asocirebuli sityvebis raodenoba:
_ mniSvnelobiT ekuTvnis jgufs `saWmeli~;
_ Tqven gonebaSi asocirdeba `skamTan~ (an chaise frangulad)
_ iwyeba bgeriT pl... _ riTmis / maxvilis mixedviT asocirdeba `velosipedTan~ ( an télévision
frangulad)
mogafiqrdaT Tu ara iseTi sityvebi, romlebic ramdenime rigs miesadageba?
3. 5. mniSvnelobis codna
(semantikuri kompetencia: kompetenciebi 5.2.1.3)
unda aRiniSnos, rom sityvebis mniSvnelobis codna advili ar aris. sity-
vebs enis saSen blokebs uwodeben, radgan isini aerTianebs formasa da
mniSvnelobas; sityvebi formas aniWebs Cvens irgvliv samyaroSi arsebul
aspeqtebs. sityvis forma maincdamainc cvalebadi ar aris. mniSvnelobis
SemTxvevaSi saqme sxvagvaradaa; is dacocavs da Znelia misi gaCereba, icvleba,
gadadis sxva mniSvnelobaSi. ase, rom erT formas SeiZleba ramdenime
mniSvneloba hqondes. magaliTad, aviRoT inglisuri sityva cup. SegviZlia da-
vasaxeloT misi zusti mniSvneloba? is SeiZleba aRniSnavdes finjansac da Tas-
sac, romlis mosapovebladac asparezoben. pirvel SemTxvevaSi es sityva Tavisi
mniSvnelobiT ufro kaTxasTan an jamTan asocirdeba, meore SemTxvevaSi _ lar-
nakTan.
rogorc zemoT vixileT, sityvebis dajgufeba Cvens mexsierebaSi xdeba
mniSvnelobis mixedviT. es saSualebas gvaZlevs Tavi gavarTvaT sityvis cvale-
bad mniSvnelobebs. aseve, SegviZlia sapirispiro mniSvnelobis sityvebis da-
kavSireba (antonimebi) an ori iseTi sityvis dakavSireba, romelTagan pirveli
moicavs meores mniSvnelobas (hiponimebi, magaliTad, cxoveli da kata).
ramdenad kargad viciT sityvebi
upirveles yovlisa, unda vkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs, rogor moxvda sityvebi
Cvens mexsierebaSi. maTi dajgufeba mexsierebaSi moiTxovs maT codnas. magram ra
igulisxmeba sityvis codnaSi? amis arc codna da arc arcodna advili ar aris;
sityvebis codna SesaZlebelia mraval gansxvavebul doneze. modiT, davakvirdeT,
ra saxiT vicnobT sakuTari skolis moswavleebs. zogierTs saerTod ar vicnobT
im martivi mizezis gamo, rom SesaZloa arasodes SegvimCnevia. zogierTs vcnobT
iqidan gamomdinare, rom adre gvinaxavs, magram maT skolis farglebs gareT rom
vxvdebodeT ver gavixsenebdiT, sad SevxvedrivarT an vin arian isini. arsebobs
moswavleTa iseTi kategoria, romelsac skolaSic vcnobT da mis farglebs ga-
reTac, magram maTi saxelebi ar gvaxsovs. zogierTis saxeli viciT, magram ver
vityviT, ras saqmianoben. ase grZeldeba manamde, sanam ar CamovTvliT moswav-
leebs, romelTac kargad vicnobT: viciT maTi saxelebi, saqmianoba da TiTqmis
yvelaferi maT Sesaxeb.
sityvebis SemTxvevaSic ase xdeba. isini sxvadasxvanairad viciT. zogierTs
adre SevxvedrivarT, magram ar viciT, zustad sad: maTi gaxseneba SegviZlia kon-
teqstSi, magram ara mis farglebs gareT. saboloo jamSi, Cven vcnobT maT nebis-
mier konteqstSi, viciT maTi yvela mniSvneloba da gamoyeneba. igive xdeba
mSobliur enazec im sityvebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic CvenTvis ucnobi Temati-
kis (magaliTad, medicina da lingvistika) nawilia.
89
davaleba 3b: sityvebi, romlebic sxvadasxva doneze viciT (miesadageba
samuSao furcels studentebisaTvis)
SeecadeT moaxdinoT Semdegi sityvebis codnis klasificireba (aRebulia
wignidan mexsierebis Sesaxeb);
fsiqogenuri, konfabulacia, amnezia, koneqcionizmi, blaindsaiTi, re-
fraqciuloba,
mieciT maT diagramis saxe, naklebad nacnobi sityvebi ganaTavseT qveviT,
marcxniv, xolo nacnobi _ zeviT, marjvniv. aRniSneT Semdegnairad: arasodes
Semxvedria, Semxvedria, magram mniSvneloba ar vici da a. S.
mniSvnelobis codna ar niSnavs calkeul sityvebze gaCerebas. aseve, saWi-
roa vicodeT romeli sityvebi ixmareba erTad. unda SegveZlos garCeva sityvebis
sxvadasxva wyobiT miRebuli Secvlili mniSvnelobisa, imis gacnobiereba, rom
naTqvami xSirad gacilebiT mets gulisxmobs, vidre calkeuli sityvebis
mniSvneloba.
3. 6. gramatikis codna (gramatikuli kompetencia kompetenciebi 5.2.1.2)
gramatikis codna ZiriTadad, dakavSirebulia Cvens unarebTan, saTanadod
gavaerTianoT sityvebi. es gulisxmobs sityvebis gansxvavebuli kategoriis cod-
nas, rogoricaa: arsebiTi saxelebi, zmnebi, zedsarTavi saxelebi da a. S.;
agreTve, imis codnas, Tu rogoraa isini erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, rogor
icvleba calkeul SemTxvevebSi (magaliTad zmna, romelic aRniSnavs warsul mo-
qmedebas), ra TanamimdevrobiT lagdeba da a. S.
sakuTar enasTan mimarTebaSi aseT codnas bolomde ver vacnobierebT, ma-
gram didia albaToba imisa, rom Zalze kargad vicodeT im enis formaluri we-
sebi, romelsac vaswavliT. aseTi codna Cven ufro gvaqvs, vidre adamianebs, ro-
melTaTvisac ena, romelsac vaswavliT mSobliuria. aseve, SeiZleba vamCnevdeT,
rom Cveni studentebi problemebs awydebian gramatikis arasaTanadod codnis
gamo. bevrs davoben imaze, Tu ramdenad saWiroa ucxo enis gramatikis formalu-
rad codna komunikaciisaTvis. Tumca, SemswavlelebisaTvis, albaT, mniSvnelova-
nia imis gacnobierebac, rom isini namdvilad iyeneben gramatikul wesebs
mSobliur enaze maSinac ki, roca wesebi sakmaod gansxvavdeba enis standartuli
wesebisagan.
davaleba 3 g: ramdenad icnobT sakuTari enis formalur wesebs
gadaxedeT Semdeg inglisur winadadebebs:
oliveri gaemgzavra kanadaSi. vin wavida masTan erTad? rodis gaemgzavra
igi? is guSin ar wasula.
is yovelTvis mogzaurobs orSabaTobiT. meuRle Tan ar dahyavs. misi
meuRle cudadaa. saxlSi rCeba? SeuZlia cota xniT dasveneba? samwuxarod, bavS-
vebs ver datovebs umeTvalyureod.
daasaxeleT wesebi, romelTa meSveobiTac xdeba uaryofiTi da kiTxviTi
winadadebebis formireba inglisurSi. miaqcieT yuradReba, rom es wesebi exe-
bodes yvela mocemul magaliTs. sad gxvdeba uaryofiTi nawilaki, zmnamde Tu
zmnis Semdeg? yovelTvis xdeba inversia kiTxviT winadadebebSi? romeli
nawilakebi eqvemdebareba inversias?
gadaxedeT, rogor xdeba inglisuri enis verbaluri sistemis daufleba
Semswavlelebis mier, rac naCvenebia cxrilSi 1. SegiZliaT axsnaT, ratom xdeba
es maincdamainc ase?
90
nawili 4 _ davalebebi da teqstebi (kompetenciebi 7,4 _ 4.6)
4. 1. davalebebi
davaleba yoveldRiuri, arateqnikuri gagebiT, samuSaos is nawilia, ro-
melic adamians SeuZlia itvirTos. davalebebi yoveldRiuri mravalferovani
saqmianobis erT-erTi elementia, rac sruldeba sakuTari TavisaTvis an sxvisT-
vis, Tavisuflad, jildos misaRebad an valdebulebis gamo. davalebis magali-
Tia: kbilebis gamoxexva, Txzulebis wera da wignis Txovebac. mravali davalebis
Sesruleba, Tu umetesobis ara, moiTxovs enis erTgvar damuSavebas. swored am
kuTxiT ganixilavs davalebebs kompetenciebis me-7 Tavi.
davalebis saTanadod Sesruleba damokidebulia or rameze: CvenTvis
xelmisawvdomi sxvadasxva saxis kompetenciebsa da TviT davalebis sirTulesa
da kompleqsurobaze. davuSvaT, rom vamzadebT omlets. es davaleba ramdenime
qvepunqtisagan Sedgeba, _ receptis wakiTxva, saWiro ingredientebis mogroveba,
kvercxis gatexva da aTqvefa, tafis gacxeleba da a. S. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom
es davaleba zomierad kompleqsuria.
Cveni unarebi SeiZleba icvlebodes yoveli qvepunqtis mixedviT. maSinac ki,
roca omletis momzadeba ar viciT, SeiZleba kvercxi kompetenturad gavtexoT,
Tumca sxva kompetenciebi SeiZleba CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdes sxva adamianis
an adamianebis saxiT, romlebic gvexmarebian. es davaleba SesaZloa garTuldes
drois simciris an produqtis Sefasebis aucileblobis gamo. aqedan gamomdinare,
davalebis TavisTavadi sirTule da CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi kompetenciebi gadam-
wyvet rols TamaSobs imaSi, Tu rogor SevasrulebT mas. roca davaleba wminda
enobrivia, TamaSSi erTveba wina `erTeulSi~ CamoTvlili enasTan dakavSirebuli
kompetenciebi. roca davaleba exeba enas, romelsac vswavlobT, Cveni kompetencia
am enaSi (agreTve, sxva enebSic, Tu es ukavSirdeba mocemul davalebas) da enis
damuSavebis sirTule did zegavlenas iqoniebs mis Sesrulebaze. rogorc ukve
araerTxel davrwmundiT, komunikaciaSi monawile yvela aspeqti Taviseburad
cvlis gamoyenebadi enis tips da misi damuSavebis sirTules.
4. 2. teqstebi
enis producirebas Tan axlavs Cvengan damoukidebeli teqstis producire-
bac. roca vinmes veWoravebiT, Cveni naTqvami teqstia an ufro didi teqstis
nawili mainc, iseve, rogorc avtoris mier werilobiTi formiT mowodebuli ro-
mani an poema.8 teqsts dasamuSaveblad Rebulobs enis sxva momxmarebeli, Worao-
bisas Cvens mier naTqvam teqsts amuSavebs Cveni megobari da piriqiT. SeiZleba
gviwevdes teqstis producireba an recefcia, an orive erTad, magram misi da-
muSaveba unda xdebodes komunikaciaSi monawile orive partnioris mier. ase rom,
yvelaferi, rasac kolegebi erTmaneTs eubnebian matarebelSi an gzaze samsaxu-
risaken, teqstia, miuxedavad imisa, rom bgera producirebisTanave qreba (garda
im SemTxvevisa, roca xdeba misi Cawera). matarebelSi myofi sxva adamianebis
saubaric (maT Soris im gogonasi, romelic Cvens win mobilur telefonze
saubrobs) teqstia iseve, rogorc reklamebi, Cvens mier gamoyenebadi bileTi an
saSvi, gancxadebebi da simReris teqsti, romelic naxevrad ismis ukan mjdomi
adamianis yursacvamebidan.
kompetenciebSi naTqvamia: `teqsts udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba enobriv ko-munikaciaSi, is aris gare, obieqturi kavSiri mis mimwodebelsa da mimRebs Soris miuxedavad imisa, komunikacia pirispir mimdinareobs, Tu distanciurad~. bune-brivia, erTi mxriv, teqstis mimRebsa da mimwodebels Soris urTierToba da meore mxriv, TviT teqsti icvleba komunikaciaSi monawile partniorebis mixed-viT. megobarTan Woraobisas, vmonawileobT ufro vrceli teqstis (an saubris)
91
monakveTebis producirebasa da recefciaSi, maSin, roca werilis Targmanisas teqstis iseTi mimRebisaTvis, romelic sxva enaze metyvelebs, saTqmeli TiTqmis araferi gvaqvs. teqstze zegavlenas axdens misi matarebeli saSualebac. weri-lobiT teqstebSi ar gamoiyeneba iseTive emfatika, rogoric sasaubro teqstebSi9. werilobiTi teqstebic mravalmxriv gansxvavdeba. kompetenciebi qvaze amokveTili warweris gamZleobas, lakonurobasa da seriozulobas adarebs aerogramis efe-merulobas.
teqstebi da davalebebi dakavSirebulia bevr iseT davalebasTan, romle-bic moicavs teqstebis damuSavebas, magram davalebis Sesruleba xSirad moiTxovs teqstebis Semdgom producirebasac. miwodebuli an miRebuli teqstis tipebi sakmaod gansxvavebuli iqneba komunikaciis aqtis iseTi aspeqtebidan ga-momdinare, rogoricaa: komunikaciis adgili, monawile mxareebi, gamoyenebuli sakomunikacio saSualeba, a. S.
gamomdinare iqidan, rom Cvens mier Sesrulebadi davalebebis umravlesoba moicavs garkveuli saxis teqsts da yvela teqsti moicavs calkeul davalebebs, SesaZloa detalurad dagvWirdes imis ganxilva, Tu rogori kavSiria davale-bebsa da teqstebs Soris yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. TviT SedarebiT martivi da-valebac ki, rac gulisxmobs diliT samsaxurSi wasvlas sazogadoebrivi trans-portiT, moicavs ramdenime teqsts: avtobusis an matareblis ganrigs, daniSnulebis adgilis saxelwodebas, avtobusis / matareblis bileTs an tal-ons, avtobusis mZRolTan interaqcias, misTvis miniSnebas, rom gaCerdes. nakleb savaraudoa, rom msgavsi teqstebi damuSavebuli gvqondes. magaliTad, bolos rodis wavikiTxeT is, rac aRniSnuli iyo Cveni avtobusis an matareblis bileTze? Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom avtobusiT an matarebliT mgzavroba sul sxva WrilSi ganixileba, Tu vimyofebiT ucxo qveyanaSi, romlis ena maincdamainc kargad ar viciT. Aam SemTxvevaSi, zemoxsenebuli teqstebidan nebismieri SeiZleba sirTulis potenciuri wyaro gaxdes da Cven mogviwios daxmarebis Txovna, am sakmaod banaluri davalebis Sesrulebamde an TviT Sesrulebis procesSi.
4. 3. davalebebi da teqstebi saklaso oTaxSi saklaso oTaxi specialuri tipis konteqstia, romelSic xSirad vxvdebiT
`realur samyaros~ mowyvetil teqstebsa da davalebebs. moswavleebs, saklaso oTaxis farglebSi, yovelTvis ar aqvT kontroli davalebaze, romlis Sesrule-bac moeTxovebaT da teqstebze, romelTa damuSavebac uwevT. igive iTqmis sxva sagnebis gakveTilebTan mimarTebaSic. gamonaklisia mxolod enis TviTSeswavla. vfiqrobT, urigo ar iqneba, detalurad ganvixiloT es sakiTxebi, sanam TviT enis gakveTilebs SevexebodeT momdevno punqtSi.
4. 3. davaleba 4a: saklaso oTaxSi gamoyenebadi davalebebisa da teqstebis
gadaxedva.
warmovidginoT Cveulebrivi gakveTili nebismier saganSi, garda enisa (ma-galiTad, istoriis, qimiis, xelovnebis da a. S.) _ CamoTvaleT davalebebi, romelTa Sesrulebasac iTxovs aseTi gakveTili; _ TiToeul davalebasTan mimarTebaSi, CamoTvaleT dasamuSavebeli teqstebi. _ detalurad SeiswavleT erT-erTi aseTi teqsti da gaarkvieT, riT hgavs an riT gansxvavdeba igi,
a) `realur samyaroSi~ gamoyenebadi teqstebisagan; b) enis gakveTilze ga-moyenebadi teqstebisagan; _ CamoTvaleT davalebaTagan romelime Tu hgavs enis gakveTilis davalebas, ma-galiTad, sxva studentebTan erTad muSaoba? _ Semswavlelebs dasWirdebodaT Tu ara maswavleblis daxmareba romelime da-valebis SemTxvevaSi?
_ rogoria aseTi gakveTilis miznebi da amocanebi? hgavs isini enis gak-veTilis miznebsa da amocanebs?
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4. 4. teqstebi axal enaze
pirvel erTeulSi ganxiluli enis zogierTi aspeqti, ramdenadme specifi-kuri aRmoCnda enis SemswavlelTaTvis. maT Sorisaa TviT enis Semswavlelis roli, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom axal enaze komunikaciisas, Semswavlelebs uwevT zogierTi iseTi davalebis Sesruleba, rac mSobliur enaze ar dasWirde-baT. magaliTad, miniSneba, rom ver gaiges, gameorebis an daxmarebis Txovna. meore aspeqtia saklaso oTaxSi arsebuli fizikuri garemo, sadac xdeba enis swavleba. aseve, aRiniSna, rom davalebebi, romelTac Semswavlelebi asruleben enis gakveTilze, xSirad gansxvavdeba realur cxovrebaSi Sesasrulebeli an sxva sagnebis gakveTilebis davalebebisagan, es imiT aixsneba, rom enis gak-veTilze aqcenti keTdeba enis Seswavlaze.
davalebebi, romlebic yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi gvxvdeba, warmatebiT Ses-rulebulad miiCneva, Tu gaweuli samuSao swori aRmoCnda. ena, Cveulebriv, erT-erTi komponentia davalebis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis, meore mxriv, enis gak-veTilze TviT ena gansxvavebul rols asrulebs davalebaSi. Semswavlelebisagan xSirad moelian ara mxolod mocemuli davalebis Sesrulebas, aramed enis adek-vaturad da sworad gamoyenebasac. es asea im saswavlo midgomebSic, romlebSic enis gakveTilis davalebebi maqsimaluradaa miaxloebuli realur cxovrebiseul davalebebTan, gamomdinare iqidan, rom mTavari mizani axali enis Seswavlaa. TviT aseTi midgomis WrilSic ki, aqcenti unda gakeTdes rogorc enis formaze, ise davalebis Sinaarsze. amgvarad, Tu saklaso oTaxSi swavleba mimdinareobs davalebaze dayrdnobiT, saWiroa damyardes erTgvari balansi davalebis sworad Sesrulebasa da moTxovnas Soris, romelic gulisxmobs Semswavlelis mier enis saTanadod Seswavlasa da gamoyenebas davalebis Sesasruleblad. zogjer ise xdeba, rom axali ena Cerdeba mocemul etapze im mizeziT, rom Semswavleli met yuradRebas uTmobs davalebebisaTvis Tavis warmatebiT garTmevas, Tundac enis araadekvaturi gamoyenebiT. zogierT saklaso oTaxSi mTeli aqcenti enis for-mebze gadaitaneba da maTTan dakavSirebul davalebebs SeiZleba aranairi sako-munikacio daniSnuleba ar gaaCndes. am SemTxvevaSi, Semswavlelma SeiZleba iswavlos formebi, magram ver SesZlebs maT gamoyenebas realur cxovrebiseul davalebaTa warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis.
davalebis tips ukavSirdeba enis gakveTilze gamoyenebadi teqstis tipic. igi SeiZleba iyos avTentikuri _ Seqmnili, upirveles yovlisa, realuri komuni-kaciisaTvis da ara enis SemswavelelisaTvis da dayofili doneebis mixedviT _ gaTvlili ama Tu im doneze myof Semswavlelebze.
davaleba 4b: enis klasSi gamoyenebadi davalebebisa da teqstebis gad
axedva -
daukvirdiT Tqvens mier bolo periodSi Catarebul enis gakveTils. _ SeadareT im davalebaTa sia, romelTa Sesrulebac mouwiaT Tqvens stu-
dentebs am gakveTilze: _ TiToeul davalebasTan mimarTebaSi, aRniSneT is teqstebi, romelTa da-
muSavebac mouwiaT maT. _ detalurad ganixileT romelime teqsti da gaarkvieT, riT hgavs an riT
gansxvavdeba igi a) realobaSi gamoyenebadi teqstebisagan; b) sxva sagnis gakveTilze gamo-
yenebadi teqstebisagan. _ moicavda es davalebebi realur komunikacias miuxedavad imisa, rom
aqcenti enis formebze keTdeboda? _ am davalebaTagan romelime iyo gaTvlili mTlianad, enis formebze? _ rogori iyo gakveTilis zogadi miznebi da amocanebi? ramdenad
SesaZlebeli iyo maTi Sedareba sxva sagnis gakveTilis miznebsa da amocanebTan?
Lrogor midgomasac ar unda iyenebdeT enis klasSi, mTavaria, Tqvenma moswavleebma SesZlon realuri davalebebis Sesruleba axal enaze.
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nawili 5 _ enis swavla da swavleba
(ix. Kkompetenciebi 6.1. / 7.3.1)
kompetenciebis me-6 Tavi aerTianebs yvela wina Tavs, ubrundeba mTel rig
ganxilul sakiTxebs da ukavSirebs maT swavlis konteqsts. Aaq wamoyenebuli sa-
kiTxi ganixilavs, Tu enis klasi ramdenad exmareba Semswavlelebs `komuni-
kaciisaTvis saWiro davalebebis, aqtivobebisa da procesebis Sesrulebasa da
kompetenciebis ganviTarebaSi~. metyvelebis kuTxiT, maT unda eswavlaT me-2 Te-
maSi CamoTvlili sxvadasxva kompetenciebi, unda dauflebodnen unars, am kompe-
tenciebis sasaubro da werilobiTi teqstebis producirebasa da recefciaSi ga-
mosayeneblad, agreTve, unars, rac gulisxmobs komunikaciisaTvis saTanado geg-
mis SemuSavebas, Sesrulebas, monitoringsa da Sesworebas.
gzamkvlevis dasawyisSi ukve aRvniSneT, rom kompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs
yvela CamoTvlili unarebis gamoyenebis deskriptorebs doneebis mixedviT. es
iZleva Semswavlelebis Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis saSualebas. aseve, gansa-
kuTrebiT, saintereso da mastimulirebelia plurilingvizmis ganxilva kompe
tenciebSi, rac originalSi unda iqnes wakiTxuli. (faqtiurad, mTeli me-6 Tavi
didi yuradRebiT unda iqnes wakiTxuli).
-
Semswavlelebma SeiZleba miiCnion, rom ar sWirdebaT yvela zemoxsenebuli
aspeqtis gaTvaliswineba da amjobinon komunikaciis mxolod calkeuli aspeqte-
biT Semofargvla. magaliTad, isini SesaZloa fiqrobdnen, rom maincdamainc ar
saWiroeben axal enaze saubars da Semoifarglon mxolod wera-kiTxviT. magram,
isni aucileblad SeamCneven, rom enis sxvadasxva aspeqtebi erTmaneTTan kavSir-
Sia da maTi swavla ufro produqtiuli iqneba, Tu moxdeba yvela maTganis mxed-
velobaSi miReba. magaliTad, sityvebis gamoTqmis unari aadvilebs maT
damaxsovrebas (ix. punqti sityvebis codnaze) da aseve, SeiZleba gaaumjobesos
Cumad kiTxvis unari, Tumca saboloo gadawyvetileba yvelam Tavad unda miiRos,
saWiroebis mixedviT da maswavlebelTan konsultaciis gziT.
me-6 TavSi wamoWrilia enis SeswavlasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime sa-
kiTxic. Tavdapirvelad, mimdinareobs msjeloba imis Taobaze, enis daufleba
xdeba qvecnobierad Tu igi gacnobierebulad iswavleba. mSobliur enas, met-
wilad, qvecnobierad veuflebiT. zogierTi mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom igive xdeba
sxva enebis SemTxvevaSic, rom saWiroa ubralod enasTan urTierToba da misi
daufleba Cvens unars miRma xdeba. erTi nawili imasac ki amtkicebs, rom enis
formaluri Seswavla ar uwyobs xels mis ganviTarebas. sxvani fiqroben, rom
mxolod urTierToba sakmaris ar aris; enis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa aqtiuri
monawileoba interaqtiul komunikaciaSi. arsebobs kidev erTi, ukiduresad
gansxvavebuli mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad, leqsikuri maragis aTviseba da
gramatikuli wesebis swavla sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom adamianma mocemuli ena
gamoiyenos komunikaciisaTvis, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi. maswavleblebisa da
Semswavlelebis umetesoba Sualedur pozicias daikavebs da ecdeba mravalmxriv
mniSvnelovani davalebebiTa da teqstebiT sargeblobas. Tumca, dasaSvebia, rom
romelime radikalurad gansxvavebuli mosazreba savsebiT emTxveodes calkeul
Semswavlelebis pozicias axal enasTan mimarTebaSi.
enis swavliT TiToeul aspeqtTan mimarTebaSi, kompetenciebi gvTavazobs
mraval SesaZlo midgomas Seswavlisa da swavlebisadmi, dawyebuli sityvebis
meqanikuri SeswavliT, damTavrebuli iseTi damaxsovrebiT, rasac avTentikur ma-
salebTan urTierToba ganapirobebs; agreTve, dawyebuli gramatikis SeswavliT
formaluri axsnis doneze, damTavrebuli enis aTvisebiT kiTxvisa da mosmenis
gziT. Ees ar aris sakiTxidan gadaxvevis mcdeloba, aramed imis aRiarebaa, rom
Semswavlelebi gansxvavdebian da is, rac erTisaTvis Sesaferisia, aucilebeli
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ar aris miesadagebodes meoresac, an is, rac Semswavlels gamoadgeba erT
SemTxvevaSi, ar niSnavs imas, rom amiT sargebloba meorejerac waadgeba.
Aam ganyofilebaSi mTeli aqcenti gadatanilia axali enis Seswavlaze (da
swavlebaze). pirveli nawili exeba enis dauflebas naturalisturad; meore
nawili ganixilavs enis swavlis organizebas da mesame _ gvTavazobs ramdenime
praqtikul winadadebas enebis Seswavlis mxriv.
5. 1. sityvebis swavla
me-3 ganyofilebaSi enis kompetencia ganxiluli iyo ramdenime saTauris
mixedviT. erT-erTi umTavresi kompetencia, romelic gagvaCnia, aris sityvebis
codna. ukve vaxseneT, mSobliur enaze sityvaTa codnis sxvadasxva doneebi. ucxo
enaze sityvebis codna ukiduresad cvalebadia. amitom sakiTxs ase vayenebT, Tu
rogor vswavlobT sityvebs.
rogor xdeba leqsikuri maragis aTviseba? pirvel enasTan mimarTebaSi,
arsebobs ori mosazreba. Ppirvelis Tanaxmad, sityvebis Seswavla unda xdebodes
bunebrivad, konteqstSi, maSin roca, meore mosazreba emxroba sityvebis for-
malur swavlebas, gansakuTrebiT, susti Semswavlelebis SemTxvevaSi. kvleviT
miRebuli Sedegebi orive maTgans amarTlebs. erTi mxriv, leqsikuri maragis
gazrda xdeba kiTxvis saSualebiT, magram zrdis masStabi mcirea; sityvebi nela
miuyveba bolo TemaSi aRweril kontinuums. Tumca, rac ufro mets kiTxulobs
Semswavleli, miT ufro Cqardeba es procesi da miT ufro izrdeba kontinuumze
sityvebis raodenoba. Mmeore mxriv, leqsikis formaluri swavlebac produqtiu-
ladaa miCneuli, ganapirobebs ra ZiriTadi sityvebis daCqarebul moZraobas kon-
tinuumze. kerZod, mikvleulia, rom leqsikis aTviseba ufro swrafad xdeba,
roca igi semantikur sferoebSi iswavleba, iseTi saxis teqstebiT, romelTa
wakiTxva Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT. Sesabamisad, leqsikuri maragis ganvi-
Tarebis yvelaze ufro efeqturi gza, rogorc Cans, orive meTodis kombinirebaa.
idealuri variantia, sityvis pirdapir swavlebas daerTos citatebi amave sityvis
gamoyenebiT, rac gaadvilebs cnobas da Semdeg azris Camoyalibebas mis sin-
taqsur aspeqtTan dakavSirebiT.
5. 2. gramatikuli sistemis swavla
kompetenciebSi aRniSnulia, rom ver xerxdeba konsensusis miRweva
mkvelevrebs Soris enebis wavlis Taobaze. am mxriv arsebobs mravali Teoriuli
pozicia. Tumca, moipoveba sakmaod moculobiTi monacemebic enis dauflebis
faqtebze da im saSualebebze, romelTac Semswavlelebi iyeneben enis Seswavli-
sas (dauflebisas). Cveni mizania, mogawodoT mkvlevarTa moRvaweobis calkeuli
Sedegebi da SemogTavazoT maTi ganxilva Cvens gamocdilebasTan SedarebiT,
raTa vnaxoT, ramdenad Seesabameba kvleviTi Sedegebi Cvensas.
kvlevebis umetesoba enis dauflebis mxriv, gamoyofs SemswavlelTa or
kategorias: Semswavlels, romelic bunebriv konteqstSi swavlobda, anu
saubaria iseT Semswavlelebze, romlebic enas swavloben mxolod masTan
urTierTobis gziT im qveyanaSi, sadac mocemul enaze metyveleben. SemswavlelTa
es tipi sakmaod gansxvavdeba Cveni Semswavlelebisagan (isini swavloben saklaso
oTaxSi, im qveyanaSi, sadac mocemul enaze ar metyveleben). miuxedavad amisa,
SemswavlelTa pirvel kategoriasTan mimarTebiT Catarebuli kvlevebi cxadyofs,
rom maTi swavlac adekvaturia ramdenime gagebiT, rasac Semdgom ganvixilavT.
adreul etapebze maTi saubris mixedviT SemuSavda zogadi nimuSebi.
qvemoT CamoTvlili Taviseburebebi ucbad ki ar Cndeba, aramed drois xan-
grZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi yalibdeba. aseTi progresirebis yvelaze gasao-
cari mxare is aris, rom erTi SexedviT advilad gasagebi Taviseburebani,
rogoricaa wesieri _ ed-iani warsuli dro da mxolobiTi ricxvis mesame piris
niSani _ s, sakmaod gvian iCens Tavs. Mmocemuli enis matarebeli adamianebi verc
95
ki acnobiereben, Tu ramdenad CaxlarTulia es formebi: isini gvxvdeba mxolod
mtkicebiT formaSi; kiTxvisa da uaryofiT formebSi zmnebi `munj~ daboloebas
Rebulobs.
zogierTi mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom es Taviseburebebi enis klasSic iCens
Tavs, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, saklaso oTaxSi enas imavenairad swavloben,
rogorc ucxo qveyanaSi cxovrebisas. umetesoba am mosazrebas mxolod nawilo-
briv daeTanxmeba, radgan miiCnevs, rom formalur swavlas aqvs mniSvneloba.
dabolos, unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod Cvens Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT Tqvan, Tu
ramdenad marTldeba es mosazreba maT SemTxvevaSi.
cxrili 1:
Mmeore enaze gramatikuli ganviTarebis ramdenime zogadi nimuSi
(Tqven SeiZleba moisurvoT am cxrilis fotoaslis gadaReba sakuTari
studentebisaTvis da maTgan komentaris miReba maTive gamocdilebidan
gamomdinare)
am cxrils exeba samuSao furceli 5
sawyisi etapi:
· ZiriTadi problema sityvebia; Semswavlels ar aqvs sityvaTa sak-
maris maragi da xSirad es iwvevs komunikaciis rRvevas;
· Semswavlels yvela nacnobi sityva erTad aqvs Tavmoyrili. Aar icis
makavSirebeli sityvebis gamoyeneba da iseTi cvlilebebis gaTvaliswineba,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, mxolobiTi ricxvis mesame pirSi inglisuri zmnis sawyis
formaze _ s-is darTva, xolo warsul droSi -ed daboloebis gamoyeneba; saer-
Tod sawyis etapze zmna bevri ar aris.
· naTqvami maqsimalurad pirdapiri wyobisaa; magaliTad ambis moyoli-
sas, daculia momxdari movlenebis zusti Tanamimdevroba.
· Semswavleli Zalze damokidebulia im adamianze, visac esaubreba,
elis ra maTgan daxmarebas sityvebis miwodebisa da misi naTqvamis gagebis mxriv.
saSualo done:
· gramatikuli Taviseburebani etapobrivad viTardeba, magaliTad
inglisurSi,
_ Cndeba awmyo gangrZobiTi drois _ ing forma, to be (`yofna~) zmnis gareSe; _ Cndeba zogierTi warsuli dro (ZiriTadad, arawesieri);
_ umetesoba zmnebis SemTxvevaSi, uaryofiTi forma gamoixateba zmnis win
no, not da don't-is gamoyenebiT, magram zogjer adgili aqvs uaryofiTi formis
sworad gadmocemas modaluri zmnebis da to be zmnis gamoyenebiT. magaliTad, can-not, is not.
_ kiTxvebi formirdeba inversiis gareSe, gamonaklisia modaluri zmnebi
da to be zmna.
ufro maRali done:
· progresirebs ra Semswavleli, etapobrivad sul ufro metad akon-
trolebs sistemis sxvadasxva nawilebs. magaliTad inglisurSi.
_ uaryofiTi forma sworad gamoixateba modaluri zmnebiTa da to be zmniT; gavrcelebas iwyebs do-s gamoyeneba ZiriTadi zmnebis uaryofiTi formis
sawarmoeblad _ he does not comes, hi did not came. MmogvianebiT Cndeba swori forme-
bic, he does not come, hi did not come. _ kiTxvebi inversiulia, gamoiyeneba damxmare zmna do; _ warsuli drois wesieri _ ed daboloeba da mxolobiTSi mesame piris
niSnis (s) sworad gamoyeneba.
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5. 3. rogor xdeba enis swavlis organizeba
pirveli ganyofilebis dasawyisSi gavecaniT, sxvaobas komunikaciasa (misi
mravalferovani aspeqtebiT) da misi realizebisaTvis saWiro saSualebebs Soris.
Aam etapze SevityobT, rom bevri aspeqti mkveTrad ar icvleba or enasTan mimar-
TebaSi. ase rom, Semswavlelis codnis didi nawili da bevri unari axal enaSic
SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli, erTaderTi, rac Semswavlelma unda aiTvisos, aris
axali saSualebebi, imisaTvis, rasac sakuTar enaze ukve akeTebs.
aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi mniSvnelovani faqti, rom enis erTi da igive
Taviseburebani Tavs iyris yvela saxis sakomunikacio TaviseburebaTa gaTvalis-
winebiT, igi SezRudulia imisda mixedviT, ris saSualebasac mocemuli ena
iZleva. erTi martivi magaliTi naTels mohfens am sakiTxs. imisaTvis, rom ing-
lisur enaSi vawarmooT kiTxviTi forma wh-sityvebis gamoyenebiT (who, what, when, where, how. da a.S) kiTxviT sityvas vsvamT winadadebis TavSi da Tu igi qvemdebare
ar aris, xdeba zmnisa da qvemdebaris inversia. saWiroebisamebr, inversiisaTvis
gamoiyeneba damxmare zmna do. Aamgvarad, SekiTxvaSi what did he eat? What-ma gadainacvla winadadebis TavSi, gamoyenebul iqna damxmare do da qvemdebare he-m
da damxmare zmnam inversia ganicada (agreTve, yuradReba miaqcieT, rom mTavari
zmnis warsuli forma ate gadavida neitralur formaSi eat). Ees wesebi ucvleli
iqneba, miuxedavad komunikaciis aqtis Taviseburebebisa. Aase rom, misalmebas
aseTi forma eqneba How are you? Aan ufro formalur SemTxvevaSi _ How do you do? daxmareba SegviZlia ase viTxovoT How do you fix this? mimarTulebas ase gavarkvevT
How do I get to the city centre? sami sruliad gansxvavebuli sakomunikacio movlena
enis erTsa da imave struqturas iTavsebs. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ena is
sistemaa, romelic mniSvnelovnad damoukidebelia TviT gamoyenebadi enisagan. is,
ris swavlac gviwevs, umetesad sistemas exeba _ sityvebs da wesebs sityvebis
dasalageblad.
yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT axali enis swavlasTan mimarTe-
baSi, ori ZiriTadi midgoma ikveTeba: a) Tavdapirvelad, sistemis Seswavla (enis
formebi da wesebi) da Semdeg maTi gamoyeneba sxvadasxva sakomunikacio
SemTxvevebSi; an b) Tavdapirvelad, calkeuli sakomunikacio aqtebis ganxor-
cielebis swavla da Semdeg Seswavlili enis sistemis misadageba axal situa-
ciebTan. pirveli midgomis upiratesoba imaSi gamoixateba, rom Cven vswavlobT
iseT rames, rac gamoyenebadia mravalnair konteqstSi, magram naklovaneba is
aris, rom realurad ar viciT, rogor avagoT sakomunikacio movlena struqtu-
ruli TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, SeiZleba movaxerxoT kiTxvis dasma, magram ver
gavarkvioT mimarTuleba, an SeiZleba movaxerxoT saubari manqanebze, magram ara
kompiuterebze. meore midgomis upiratesoba isaa, rom viciT, rogor moviqceT ama
Tu im sakomunikacio SemTxvevaSi (magaliTad, maRaziaSi tansacmlis SeZenisas,
patara incidentisaTvis bodiSis moxda), magram mas aqvs naklovani mxarec, ker-
Zod, rTulia imis codna, Tu ra da ra moculobiT unda movargoT axal situa-
ciebs. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba enis zogadi principebi safuZvlianad ver
SeviswavloT.
arsebobs mesame midgomac: mivceT sakuTar Tavs enasTan Sexebis ufleba,
gamovikvlioT igi, vcadoT komunikaciis damyareba, CavataroT masze eqsperimenti,
etapobrivad avagoT `Cveni sakuTari~ ena, wesebisa da sistemis Seswavlis gziT,
SevadaroT sakuTari SeniSvnebi sxva Semswavlelebis, maswavleblebisa da moce-
muli enis matarebelTa SeniSvnebs. meoTxe midgoma gulisxmobs enis swavlas
sxva sagnis saSualebiT, Setyobinebaze an Sinaarsze koncentrirebiT, naklebi
aqcentis keTebiT formaze. Eenis Semswavlelebi sxvadasxva midgomiT isargeble-
ben, magram albaT adekvaturi swavla moiTxovs samive an oTxive midgomis kom-
binirebas. rogorc ar unda iyos SerCeuli midgoma, Semswavlelebma unda gaiT-
valiswinon is zogadi kursi, romelsac umetesoba mihyveba.
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dasawyisisaTvis, kargi iqneba, sakuTar moTxovnaTa gaanalizeba, rac
gulisxmobs im situaciebisa da rolebis gansazRvras, romlebic konkretuli
SemswavlelebisaTvis SeiZleba yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyos axali enis gamoyene-
bisas. Aaseve, unda SemuSavdes davalebebi, romelTa Sesrulebasac moindomebs
konkretuli Semswavleli, ganisazRvros Temebi, romlebTan urTierTobasac igi
moisurvebs, misi komunikaciaSi monawileobis saxe da saamisod gamosayenebeli
saSualebebi. yovel Semswavlels gansxvavebuli moTxovnebi aqvs. maTi dadgena
Semswavlelis prerogativaa. studentebs, maswavleblebTan erTad, SeuZliaT
ganixilon oficialuri miTiTebebi da miznebi da dafiqrdnen, rogor SeiZleba
sakuTari, personaluri saswavlo gegmis SemuSaveba oficialuri gegmis far-
glebSi.
amis Semdeg, maT SeiZleba sTxovon maT mier gamoyenebadi saxelmZRvanelos
gadaxedva, misi organizebis principis dasadgenad, am mxriv, gakveTilebis an gan-
yofilebis saxelwodebebi, Cveulebriv, instruqciuli xasiaTis matarebelia.
exeba Tu ara isini situaciebs (magaliTad `bankSi~) an davalebebs (mimarTulebis
garkveva) an Temebs (Sinauri cxovelebi), an enas rogorc sistemas (awmyo dro).
albaT, yoveli gakveTilis an ganyofilebis Semdeg, studentebi miakvleven Si-
naarsis Sejamebasac. rogor aris igi mocemuli? maT SeuZliaT moTxovnebi
Seadaron saxelmZRvaneloSi gaSlil sakiTxebs.
Catarebuli analizi maT warmodgenas Seuqmnis sakuTar moTxovnebze, ma-
gram SesaZloa gamoadgeT enis sxva aspeqtebis gadaxedvac. zogjer, kargia iseTi
ramis swavlac, rac sakuTari moTxovnebis ricxvSi ar aris. magaliTad, SeiZleba
wera da damarcvla maTTvis mniSvnelovan elementebs ar warmoadgendes, magram
urigo ar iqneba, sityvebis werilobiTi formebis gadaxedva, maTi ukeT
damaxsovrebis mizniT. aseve, SesaZlebelia maT ena mxolod kiTxvis Tvalsaz-
risiT sWirdebodeT, magram gamoTqmis gadaxedva maxsovrobas waadgeboda. gasaT-
valiswinebelia isic, rom enis swavlas SeiZleba Tan sdevdes moTxovnaTa
Secvla da amitom drodadro unda xdebodes maTi gadamowmebac. magaliTad,
sawyis etapze myofi Semswavleli SeiZleba Zalze kmayofili iyos iseTi ga-
moTqmiT, romelsac bevri uklia enis matareblis gamoTqmamde, magram rac ufro
gaxSirdeba urTierToba aseT adamianTan, Semswavlelma SesaZloa uxerxuloba
igrZnos sakuTari gamoTqmis gamo da miiCnios, rom jer kidev bevri unda imuSaos
bgeriT sistemaze.
5. 4. ramdenime praqtikuli winadadeba enis Seswavlis kuTxiT
am ganyofilebis SesavalSi aRiniSna, rom mkvlevrebs Soris ver xerxdeba
konsensusis miRweva enis swavlis Taobaze. verc maswavleblebi da kursis ma-
salebis avtorebi Tanxmdebian, Tu romelia saukeTeso gza enis Sesaswavlad.
aqedan gamomdinare, mizanSewonili iqneba, obieqturad ganvixiloT swavlasTan
mimarTebaSi arsebuli gansxvavebuli midgomebi. Semdegi zogadi sakiTxebi
namdvilad imsaxurebs Cvens yuradRebas.
Semswavlelebma unda mimarTon sxvadasxva xerxs leqsikuri maragis asaT-
viseblad. isini ar unda fiqrobdnen, rom sityvebi erTxel da samudamod iswav-
leba. sityvebs samudamo adgili rom mivuCinoT mexsierebaSi, saWiroa intensiuri
muSaoba. Aam mxriv SemuSavebulia Semdegi winadadebebi:
· miCneulia, rom enis Seswavlis adreul stadiaze mnemonikis gamoyeneba
Zalze sasargebloa; Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT Seiswavlon maT mier sityvebis
dasamaxsovreblad gamoyenebadi mnemonika da Seadaron igi sxvebisas. Mmnemonikas
uzrunvelyofs maswavlebeli an igi iqmneba TviT Semswavlelebis mier, Tanac,
rac ufro uCveuloa igi, miT ufro gamosadegia.
· Tu sityvebi semantikur krebulSi iswavleba, urigo ar iqneba, maTi
sxvadasxva kuTxiT kategorizacia. Aase magaliTad, Tu vcdilobT viswavloT
sxvadasxva satransporto saSualebebis aRmniSvneli sityvebi, maTi kategori-
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zacia SesaZlebelia Semdegnairad: siCqaris mixedviT, borblebis raodenobis
mixedviT, maT mier gamowveuli dabinZurebis xarisxis mixedviT, zomis an anba-
nuri wyobis mixedviT da a. S. roca es aqtivoba jgufSi sruldeba, iwyeba kamaTi
mocemuli satransporto saSualebis maxasiaTeblebis irgvliv, amas Tan sdevs
sityvebis sxvadasxva mniSvnelobebiT gamoyeneba, rac Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs
maT damaxsovrebas11.
Tu saswavlia teqstis ZiriTadi sityvebi, maTi dayofa SesaZlebelia Sem-
degi kategoriebis mixedviT: vin (adamianebi), ra (sagnebi da movlenebi), sad
(adgilebi), rodis (dro), Tu am yvelafers venis diagramis saxes mivcemT,
vnaxavT, rom zogierTi sityva semantikuri krebulebis gadakveTazec gvxvdeba.
Semdeg, kargi iqneba calkeuli sityvebis amokreba da maTi sxva sityvebTan
misadagebis cda. Ddabolos, Semswavlelebs SeiZleba sTxovon am sityvebis gamo-
yeneba teqstis ConCxis anu sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, SesaZlo scenaris asage-
bad. Ees iqneba erTgvari mzadeba teqstis originalze samuSaod.
aRniSnuli winadadebebi gamomdinareobs im principidan, rom axali sity-
vebi saWiroebs intensiur damuSavebas, Tu gvsurs maTi samudamod damaxsovreba.
SemoTavazebuli winadadebebis bolo nakrebi, romelic exeba sityvebs teqstidan,
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes enis Seswavlis adreul stadiaze gamomdinare iqi-
dan, rom damwyeb Semswavlelebs gauadvilebs azris wvdomas martivi teqstebis
kiTxvisas. igi aerTianebs bunebriv konteqstSi arsebul calkeul sityvebze in-
tensiuri muSaobis or maxasiaTebels.
Semswavlelebs ufro meti urTierToba unda hqondeT axal enasTan. Tu ga-
movTvliT saaTebis raodenobas, romelic eTmoba saklaso oTaxis farglebSi
enis Seswavlas, SevamCnevT, rom igi Zalze mcirea. Semswavlelebis urTierToba
enasTan bevrad ufro intensiuri iqneboda im qveyanaSi, sadac mocemul enaze
metyveleben. xSirad, saklaso oTaxSi enis swavla sakvebis cal-calke lukmebad
miRebas hgavs; Semswavlelebis mier miRebuli ulufa mcirea. amitom, isini yvela
xelmisawvdom saSualebas unda mimarTavdnen, saklaso oTaxis farglebs gareT
enis gamoyenebis intensifikaciisaTvis.
isini mravalmxriv unda iyenebdnen enas, recefciuli procesis saSuale-
biT, am enis matareblebTan urTierTobaSi12. Tu Semswavlelebs ar aqvT uSualo
kontaqti mocemuli enis matareblebTan, enis mravalmxrivi gamoyeneba SeiZleba
dayvanil iqnes recefciul procesamde (mosmena da kiTxva). recefciuli da-
muSaveba maT uzrunvelyofs Zalze mniSvnelovani enobrivi monacemebiT. Mme-4
erTeulSi vnaxeT, rom ucxo enaze teqstis kiTxvisas, Tu Tema nacnobia, sityvebi
da gramatika ufro advilad gasagebi xdeba. es imas ar niSnavs, rom Semswav-
lelebi maSinve SesZleben am sityvebisa da gramatikis swavlas, magram gamomdi-
nare iqidan, rom Semswavlels urTierToba hqonda maTTan konteqstSi, formalur
Seswavlas ufro mravalmxrivi xasiaTi eqneba. kiTxva, radios mosmena da
televizoris yureba nebismieri enis saswavlo programis ZiriTadi nawili unda
iyos.
isini mravalmxriv unda iyenebdnen enas, produqtiuli da interaqciuli
damuSavebis gziT, am enis matareblebTan urTierTobaSi. Tanamedrove
teqnologiis wyalobiT, bevri SemswavlelisaTvis ukve SesaZlebelia mocemuli
enis matareblebTan uSualo kontaqtSi Sesvla. aRar aris saWiro lodini im
qveyanaSi mosaxvedrad, sadac am enaze metyveleben an sakuTar werilze pasuxis
cda kontaqtis dasamyareblad. Uukve SesaZlebelia TanatolebTan da msgavsi in-
teresebis mqone adamianebTan internetis saSualebiT urTierToba. es namdvilad
Seitans cvlilebas enis SeswavlaSi, gansakuTrebiT im mxriv, rom enis socialur
aspeqtebTan urTierToba gaadvildeba.
isini unda dafiqrdnen, Tavad rogor swavloben enas. enis Seswavlis
procesSi imis gacnobiereba, Tu ras akeTeb, miCneulia, rom swavlaSi gexmareba.
gamoyenebad strategiebze dafiqreba da maTi produqtiulobis Sefaseba,
Semswavlelebs maTi Secvlis an gaumjobesebis saSualebas miscems. swavlasTan
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mimarTebaSi erTgvari dRiuris warmoeba, sakmaod efeqturi iqneba. Aam mxriv EELP-
i SesaniSnavi instrumentia.
xSir SemTxvevaSi, roca swavla saklaso oTaxis farglebSi mimdinareobs,
Semswavlelebi aqtiurad ver monawileoben iseT gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi,
romlebic gansazRvravs, ra da rogor unda iswavlebodes. maswavleblebi, kursis
saxelmZRvaneloebi, silabusebi da gamocdebi gvkarnaxobs, ra unda iswavle-
bodes, Tumca TviT swavla mxolod Semswavlelebis saqmea. saboloo jamSi,
mxolod maT SeuZliaT gansazRvron, Tu ra iqneba maTTvis saukeTeso varianti.
aqedan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania, rom maT hqondeT damoukidebloba, gadawy-
vetilebaTa misaRebad. Kkidev erTxel aRvniSnavT, rom am mxrivac ELP-i Zalze
gamosadegi instrumentia.
CamoTvlili sakiTxebis ganxilvis Semdeg, isini unda dafiqrdnen sakuTar
Tavze, rogorc Semswavlelze, rom SesZlon samomavlod gadawyvetilebaTa
miReba.
kiTxvebi, romlebic moiTxovs dafiqrebas:
leqsika
·SemswavlelTa mier asaTvisebeli leqsikuri maragi Sesasruleblad au-
cilebeli pirobaa, Tu gansazRvrul TemebSia gaSlili?
ra kriteriumebi gansazRvravs arCevans wina SekiTxvasTan mimarTebaSi?
leqsikur marags recefciis / producirebisaTvis ra saxiT waradgenT?
ra saxisaa da ra moculobisaa sxvadasxva doneebze Seswavlili leqsika
da rogor unda moxdes misi aTviseba recefciis / producirebisaTvis?
ra saSualebebiT xdeba mniSvnelobis miwodeba SemswavlelebisaTvis an
piriqiT, mniSvnelobis gadmocema maT mier: Targmani, definicia / ganmarteba
pirveli da meore enebis farglebSi; konteqstis mixedviT gageba?
vawvdiT Cvens studentebs strategiebs leqsikis aTvisebis mxriv? ramdenad
erkvevian isini sityvebis codnis sxvadasxva doneebSi?
gramatika
gansazRvrulia Tu ara Sesaswavli gramatikis moculoba doneebis mixed-
viT?
ra kriteriumebiT ganisazRvreba is Tanamimdevroba, romliTac grama-
tikuli elementebi Semswavlelebs miewodeba?
rogoria Tqvens mier gramatikuli konstruqciebis Tavisuflad agebisa da
sizustisaTvis miniWebuli SefardebiTi mniSvneloba?
ra moculobiT xdeba mSobliuri da sxva enis / enebis gramatikis gamo-
yeneba mocemuli enis Seswavlis gaadvilebis mizniT?
vicnobT Tu ara im etapebs, romlis mixedviTac xdeba Cvens studentebSi
gramatikis ganviTareba? vatarebT Tu ara trenings, maTTvis am codnis misawode-
blad?
gamoTqma, intonacia da a. S.
ra bgeriTi erTeulebisa da intonaciis nimuSebis dauflebas saWiroeben
Semswavlelebi?
rogori unda iyos sizustisa da Tavisuflad flobis xarisxi sxvadasxva
doneebze?
SevimuSavebT strategiebs Cveni studentebisaTvis, gamoTqmebis, intonaciis
da a. S. Seswavlis mizniT?
100
ramdenime daskvniTi saxis SeniSvna: SemswavlelTa progresis Sefaseba
yoveli saswavlo davaleba unda moicavdes Sefasebis garkveul tips. Tu
Semswavleli ver gamonaxavs sakuTari progresis Sesafasebel saSualebas, ad-
vilad dakargavs stimuls.
axla, roca ukve vicnobT komunikaciaSi monawile yvela aspeqts rogorc
sakuTar, ise axal enasTan mimarTebaSi, ar unda gagvikvirdes, rom enis Seswav-
lis nebismieri realuri Sefaseba aranakleb dasafiqrebeli sakiTxia. kompeten-
ciebis me-8, me-9 Tavebi da danarTi sakmaod dawvrilebiT ganixilavs enis Ses-
wavlis Sefasebis sakiTxs. me-3 Tavi exeba enis Seswavlis doneebis gansazRvras,
xolo me-9 Tavi _ zogadad Sefasebas. swored kompetenciebis saSualebiT xdeba
yoveli dadgenili donis misadageba enis sxvadasxva aspeqtebTan.
sxvadasxva doneebis dadgena xdeba Semswavlelis komunikaciis: (i) sferosa da (ii) xarisxis mixedviT, rac ufro meti davalebis Sesruleba ZaluZT, miT
ufro maRalia maTi done, magram es done ganxilul iqneba calkeul davalebaTa
Sesrulebis xarisxis TvalsazrisiTac.
amrigad, sawyis doneze (romelsac aq A1- enis gasaRebi ewodeba), Semswav-lels SeuZlia gaigos iseTi SekiTxvebis mniSvneloba, romlebic mas an mis
ojaxs exeba da gamoicnos (werilobiTi formiT) gavrcelebuli sityvebis
mniSvneloba; anu mas esmis martivi kiTxvebi da brZanebebi da SeuZlia Txovna;
Semswavlelis leqsikuri maragi elementaruli sityvebiT Semoifargleba, xolo
gramatikuli codnis sakiTxi arc ki ganixileba. Tumca, TandaTanobiT igi
SesZlebs ufro da ufro meti Temis mosmenas da wakiTxvas SedarebiT advilad,
aseve maT irgvliv saubars meti sizustiTa da TavisuflebiT.
identificirebulia sami ZiriTadi done: elementaruli flobis, damou-
kideblad flobis da srulyofilad flobis. yoveli maTgani SeiZleba daiyos
or, sam an met qvedoned imisda mixedviT, Tu ramdenad zedmiwevniT gvsurs maT
Soris arsebuli sxvaobis warmoCena. kompetenciebSi aqcenti keTdeba imaze, Tu
ras akeTebs Semswavleli da ara mis mcdar aRqmaze.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, am gzamkvlevis dasawyisSi, kompetenciebis mTavari
mizania, saSualeba misces enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaSi monawileT, isarge-
blon saerTo terminologiiT, ise, rom saubari enis Seswavlasa da enis
sxvadasxva aspeqtebze, yvelasaTvis Tanabrad gasagebi iyos. amave miziT unda
Seiqmnas da gamoicados direqtivebis krebuli, romliTac isargeblebs enis
yvela maswavlebeli da Semswavleli. am kuTxiT miRweuli mniSvnelovani pro-
gresis miuxedavad, sabolood SeTanxmeba jer mainc ver xerxdeba. zogierTi ga-
momcdeli organo enis aspeqtebis erT nawilze ufro metad akeTebs aqcents.
sxva ASemTxvevaSi, ramdenadme gaugebaria calkeul testebSi arsebuli kriteri-
umebi.
meore mxriv, Semswavlelebs Zalze waadgebaT sakuTari progresis Sefase-
bis codna. kvlevis Sedegebi cxadyofs, rom Semswavlelebs iseve kargad
SeuZliaT sakuTari progresis Sefaseba, rogorc maswavleblebs, im pirobiT, Tu:
(i) codnis standartebi gasagebadaa aRwerili; (ii) Sefaseba ukavSirdeba specifi-kur gamocdilebas (TviT formalur testsac ki), (i) da (iii) Semswavlelebi Rebu-
loben garkveul trenings TviTSefasebis kuTxiT. aseTi treningis amosavali
principi aris sakuTari STabeWdilebis Sedareba, realur SesaZleblobebTan. ma-
galiTad, Tu sakontrolo furcelze adamiani aRniSnavs, rom esmis amindis
prognozi da mis mier miRebuli informaciis siswores gadaamowmebs maswavle-
belTan an konkretuli enis matarebelTan, misi Sefasebis unari bevrad daix-
veweba.
es yovelive xels uwyobs damoukideblad swavlis unaris ganviTarebas.
saboloo jamSi, mxolod Semswavlelebma ician, enis romel aspeqtze surT kon-
centrireba da romeli donis miRweviT arian dainteresebulni. sakuTari pro-
gresis monitoringi maT bevri iseTi kuTxiTac daexmareba, rasac Tavad ver ac-
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nobiereben. zogierTi Semswavleli erideba sazogadoebas: ar hyofnis siTamame
sajarod saubrisaTvis an erideba Secdomebis daSvebas. TviTSefasebis unari maT
daexmareba imis gacnobierebaSi, rom realurad prognozs akeTeben, rom Secdome-
bis kvlav daSveba ar niSnavs arswavlas. faqtiurad, roca swavla mimdinareobs
bunebriv garemoSi, daSvebuli Secdomebi migviTiTebs, rom ena bunebrivad vi-
Tardeba. Sesabamisad, roca Semswavlelebs iseTi STabeWdileba eqmnebaT, rom ar
swavloben, radgan maswavlebeli an mocemuli enis matarebeli adamiani ar meT-
valyureobs maT, TviTSefaseba sapirispiros amtkicebs. dabolos, TviTSefaseba
SeiZleba rogorc skolis farglebSi, ise maT miRma; is srulad ukavSirdeba
enis ganviTarebas da ara mxolod imas, rac gamocdaze unda Semowmdes.
daskvna
aRniSnuli gzamkvlevi wakiTxul unda iqnes Semdeg naSromTan erTad:
`Tanamedrove enebi: Seswavla, swavleba, Sefaseba. zogadevropuli kompetenciebi~.
kompetenciebi imisaTvis Seiqmna, rom enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaSi monawile
yvela adamians SeeZlos `erT enaze laparaki~, anu Tanabrad gageba imisa, rasac
moicavs enis gamoyeneba da Seswavla. am dokumentma mravali kiTxva wamoWra da
maTgan bevri upasuxod rCeba. es imitom, rom jer kidev Zalian cota viciT enis
da gansakuTrebiT, enebis Seswavlis Sesaxeb. adamianebi, romlebic, xels uwyoben
axali enis Seswavlas, erTgvarad, eqspertebis rolSic ki mogvevlinebian. maT
iseTi ram eqnebaT saTqmeli enis swavlis Sesaxeb, rasac sxvebisgan ver movis-
menT. mniSvnelovania, rom maT mieceT saSualeba, swavlis procesSi miRebuli ga-
mocdilebis gaziarebisa sxva monawileTaTvis, gansakuTrebiT, maswavlebelTaT-
vis. enis swavla erT-erTi umTavresi sakiTxia axali evropis dRis wesrigSi. igi
maqsimalurad produqtiuli unda iyos. gzamkvlevi miznad isaxavs xelSewyobas
Seswavlisa da swavlebis efeqturobis misaRwevad, magram unda aRiniSnos, rom
Semswavlelebisa da maswavleblebis gamocdileba mas kidev ufro gamosadegs
gaxdis.
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Ubwj!JW!
bari jounsi
gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisa da maswavlebelTa trenerebisaTvis (dawyebiTi da saSualo safexurebi)
winaTqma
zogadevropuli kompetenciebi (kompetenciebi) miznad isaxavs:
·win waswios da xeli Seuwyos sxvadasxva qveynebis saganmanaTleblo in-
stitutebs Soris TanamSromlobas;
·uzrunvelyos jansaRi safuZveli enobrivi cenzebis ormxriv aRiarebisaT-
vis;
·Tanadgoma aRmouCinos Semswavlelebs, maswavleblebs, maswavlebelTa
trenerebs (...) sakuTari miRwevebis warmoCenasa da koordinirebaSi.
amasTan kompetenciebi yuradRebis miRma ar tovebs sxvadasxva kategoriis
mkiTxvelebsac, romelTa specifikur interesebSic SeiZleba Sediodes aRniSnuli
gzamkvleviT sargebloba. Tumca, miznebi ucvleli rCeba.
es Tavi gaTvlilia mkiTxvelTa im wreze, romelic pasuxismgebelia an
uSualod monawileobs maswavleblebisa da Tanamedrove ucxo enebis maswavle-
belTa ganaTlebisa da treningis saqmeSi. misi mizania gamoikvlios, ramdenad
SesaZlebelia treningisa da swavlebis iseTi programebis SemuSaveba, rac xels
uwyobs Tanamedrove enis Tanamimdevrul, produqtiul da efeqtur swavlas yve-
lanairi Semswavlelis mxridan, dawyebiT da saSualo skolebSi.
es Tavi aerTianebs momxmarebelTa gzamkvlevis wina seriis sam gamocemas,
kerZod:
gzamkvlevi maswavlebelTa trenerebisaTvis (dawyebiTi ganaTleba) avtori
rita balbi.
gzamkvlevi maswavlebelTa trenerebisaTvis (saSualo skola), avtori bari
jounsi
gzamkvlevi maswavlebelTaTvis, avtori braian peiji
trening-programebi
trening-programebis umravlesoba agebulia erT modelze:
(i) mimdinareobs ucxo enis SEswavlis paralelurad (paraleluri
kursebi); an
(ii) iwyeba, universitetSi an sxva umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawese-
bulebaSi, enis formalurad Seswavlis Semdeg (Semdgomi kursebi), an
(iii) organizebulia kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli trening-programis
farglebSi.
es Tavi Tanabrad ganixilavs yvela CamoTvlil trening-programas,
miuxedavad maTi Catarebis droisa. is aseve Seexeba:
(iv) kompetenciebis damokidebulebas Tanamedrove enis maswavleblis
profesiuli ganviTarebis sakiTxTan, sawyisi treningis periodis ganvlis Semdeg.
es ganxilul iqneba, rogorc maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli
kursebi.
103
terning-programis Semdgomi gansazRvra SeiZleba moxdes:
(i) erovnul doneze SeTanxmebuli im kompetenciebisa da standartebis
aRweris mixedviT, rasac unda akmayofilebdes Tanamedrove enis maswavlebeli,
(ii) konkretul qveyanaSi Tanamedrove enis swavlebis aRweris miznebis
mixedviT; igi SeiZleba arsebobdes gzamkvlevis saxiT an warmoadgendes erovnul
cenzs;
(iii) erovnul, regionul an adgilobriv doneze maswavlebelTa tren-
ingis moTxovnebis an direqtivebis mixedviT;
(iv) SezRudvebiT maswavlebelTa trening-programebis farglebSi,
rac wesdeba erovnul, adgilobriv an konkretuli institu-
tis doneze; treningebis Catarebis adgili, skola Tu
koleji, saaTebis raodenoba, enobrivi treningis SesaZle-
blobebi, reorganizaciis programebi, a. S.
mivesalmebiT mkiTxvelis Tanamonawileobas calkeuli konteqstis far-
glebSi, dasawyisidanve, Sesabamisobis xarisxis gansazRvrisaTvis. savaraudoa,
rom moxdeba yvela aspeqtis gamoyeneba, magram maTi mniSvneloba gansxvavebuli
iqneba.
kompetenciebidan gamomdinare, am TavSi mocemuli gzamkvlevis mizania _
iyos:
· mravalmiznobrivi: gamoyenebadi mravalnairi daniSnulebiT, rac moi-
cavs dagegmvas da xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmnas enis swavlebisaTvis:
· fleqsiuri: adaptirebuli sxvadasxva situaciebSi gamoyenebisaTvis;
· Ria: daqvemdebarebuli Semdgom ganvrcobasa da daxvewas.
· dinamiuri: mudmiv ganviTarebaSi, misi gamoyenebiT miRebuli gamoc-
dilebis sapasuxod;
· gasagebi: warmodgenili advilad gasagebi da gamoyenebadi formiT;
· aradogmaturi: aramimdevari romelime konkretuli midgomisa.
nawili 1 - kompetenciebi politikur da
saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi
es nawili adgens kompetenciebis funqciebs, ganaTlebis sferoSi arsebuli
enobrivi da kulturuli mravalferovnebis gadmosaxedidan. Sesabamisad, kompe-
tenciebis mizania ara enis swavlebisa da maswavlebelTa treningis kuTxiT
arsebuli romelime konkretuli sistemis an midgomis xelSewyoba, aramed yov-
lismomcveli standartis uzrunvelyofa praqtikosebisaTvis (Semswavlelebi,
maswavleblebi, maswavlebelTa trenerebi), maT xelT arsebuli ofciebis war-
modgenisa da orientirebisaTvis, agreTve, informaciis urTierTgacvlisaTvis
gamWvirvaled da Tanamimdevrulad.
enis swavlebasa da SeswavlasTan mimarTebaSi, kompetenciebis mizania bar-
ierebis gadalaxva, rom:
gaizardos pirovnuli mobiluroba;
· gaizardos saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis produqtiuloba;
· gaizardos identurobisa da kulturuli mravalferovnebis
pativiscema;
· gaumjobesdes informaciis xelmisawvdomoba;
· gaZlierdes pirovnuli interaqcia;
· gaumjobesdes SromiTi urTierTobebi;
· miRweul iqnes ufro Rrma urTierTgageba.
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maswavlebelTa trenerebTan da maswavleblebTan Sesabamisobis Taobaze
wamoWril SekiTxvebs SeiZleba aseTi saxe hqondes:
ganixileT swavlebis an maswavlebelTa treningis is programa, romelzec
pasuxismgebeli xarT an romelSic monawileobT. Tqven, rogorc maswavlebels da
Tqvens moswavleebs gaqvT Tu ara enis swavlis miznebis msgavsi sia yvela
SemswavlelisaTvis? es miznebi mkafiodaa Camoyalibebuli? Tqveni moswavleebi
da Tqven, rogorc maswavlebeli xom ar miiCnevT am miznebidan romelimes ufro
mniSvnelovnad an Sesaferisad, sxvebTan SedarebiT? daculia Tu ara sasurveli
ierarqia? CamoTvlili miznebidan zogierTi, xom ar miesadageba ufro metad ax-
algazrda Semswavlelebs an piriqiT, zrdasrulebs? TqvenTan erTad moRvawe
yvela adamiani iziarebs aRniSnul miznebs?
Tu aseTi kiTxvebi gaCnda da debatebis safuZveli gaxda, es imis mauwyebe-
lia, rom am Tavma Seasrula kompetenciebSi aRwerili misi ZiriTadi funqcia:
xeli Seuwyo praqtikosebs, rom dafiqrdnen da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, xelaxla
moaxdinon sakuTari mimdinare praqtikis formulireba. bunebrivia, wamoWrili
sakiTxebi amomwuravad ver ganixileba. gamocdili praqtikosebi aucileblad
dainteresdebian zogierTi iseTi sakiTxiT, romelsac gverdi avuareT da
SeiZleba ukmayofileba gamosTqvan ofciaTa formulirebis mxrivac. maT
SesaZloa miiCnion, rom es ofciebi sakmaod xistia iseTi poziciis gamosakveTad,
rac ufro detalur da srulyofil ganxilvas imsaxurebs.
nawili 2 _ SerCeuli midgoma
kompetenciebis es nawili ganmartavs SerCeul midgomas: mas safuZvlad
udevs enis analizi, romlis aRwerilobasac Semdegi saxe aqvs:
2.1 `enis gamoyeneba, enis Seswavlis CaTvliT moicavs moqmedebebs, Ses-
rulebuls adamianebis mier, romlebic rogorc individebi da socialuri agen-
tebi, SeimuSaveben mTel rig kompetenciebs. maT Sorisaa zogadi da sakomuni-
kacio enis kompetenciebi. aRniSnuli kompetenciebi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva kon-
teqstSi, gansxvavebuli pirobebisa da SezRudvebis farglebSi da monawileobs
enobriv aqtivobebSi, rac moicavs enobriv procesebs, calkeul sferoebSi arse-
bul TemebTan dakavSirebuli teqstebis producirebisa da / an recefciisaTvis.
amasTan xdeba im strategiebis aqtivacia, romlebic yvelaze ufro metad mie-
sadageba Sesasrulebel davalebebs. monawileTa mier aRniSnuli qmedebebis
monitoringi, ganapirobebs maTi kompetenciebis gaZlierebas da modificirebas.
(kompetenciebi)
gamuqebuli sityvebi aRniSnavs parametrebs, romlebic aRwers enis gamo-
yenebas da momxmareblis / Semswavlelis enis gamoyenebis unars. enis SeswavlaSi
miRweuli progresi iyofa calkeuli fleqsiuri doneebis mixedviT, romlebic
gansazRvrulia saTanado deskriptorebiT. es aparati unda iyos imdenad yovlis-
momcveli, rom miesadagebodes sxvadasxva kategoriis SemswavlelTa moTxovnebs
da amasTan, amocanebs, romlebsac unda akmayofilebdnen kandidatebi enobrivi
cenzebis mxriv.
terminologias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba enis SeswavlaSi da mimdinare
diskusiebsa da debatebSi. imisaTvis, rom kompetenciebi ormxrivad gasagebi iyos,
me-2 Tavi gansazRvravs mocemul dokumentSi gamoyenebul terminologias. mas-
wavlebelTa trening-programebsa da TviT maswavleblebs SeuZliaT isargeblon
105
aseTi definiciebiT da gamoiyenon igive an msgavsi terminologia da koncefciebi
erTmaneTTan da studentebTan urTierTobaSi. praqtikulad, es imas niSnavs, rom
Semswavlelebisa da maswavleblebis gageba erTgvari iqneba Semdegi kuTxiT:
1. zogadi kompetenciebi
2. sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebi
3. konteqstebi
4. enobrivi aqtivoba / aqtivobebi
5. enobrivi procesebi
6. teqsti
7. sfero _ sazogadoebrivi sfero
_ pirovnuli sfero
_ saganmanaTleblo sfero
_ profesiuli sfero
8. strategia
9. davaleba
10. egzistencialuri kompetencia _ savoir-être 11. deklaraciuli codna _ savoir 12. unarebi / nou-hau _ savoir faire 13. swavlis unari - savoir apprendre 14. enobrivi komponenti
15. pragmatuli komponenti
16. recefcia _ recefciuli
17. producireba _ produqtiuli
18. interaqcia _ interaqtiuli
19. mediacia
gamomdinare iqidan, rom am nusxaSi mocemulia sul 19 termini Tqven
rogorc maswavlebeli an maswavlebelTa treneri, moisurvebT am arsebiTi ter-
minologiiT sargeblobas? maswavleblebisaTvis, maswavlebelTa trenerebisa da
SemswavlelebisTvis xelsayreli ar iqneba erTiani terminologiis gamoyeneba?
mkiTxvelebs, romlebic ar iyenebT inglisurs / franguls, diskusiisaTvis,
xom ar SegeqmnebaT problema mSobliur enaze TargmnasTan dakavSirebiT?
miuxedavad imisa, rom kompetenciebis mocemuli da momdevno Tavebi mraval kon-
cefcias dawvrilebiT ganixilavs, mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba gauCndeT survili, rom
moxdes nusxaSi mocemuli yoveli terminis axsna magaliTebis gamoyenebiT.
L2. 1. 1. individis zogadi kompetenciebi (punqti 5.1)
enis Seswavlis sakiTxebze momuSave Teoretikosebi da praqtikosebi miiC-
neven, rom iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa: individualoba, xasiaTis calkeuli
Taviseburebani, mowadineba, TviTrwmena, gansazRvruli molodinebi, codna
samyaros Sesaxeb da a. S. zegavlenas axdens enis swavlaze. kompetenciebi, tovebs
ra ukomentarod mosazrebaTa safuZvlianobas, asaxelebs pirobebs, romlebic
SeiZleba xelsayreli iyos enis SeswavlisaTvis an piriqiT.
mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba hqondeT Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvis survili:
1. rogor davexmaroT maswavleblebsa da staJiorebs, rom ufro meti
Seityon Semswavlelebis, maT mier gamoyenebuli swavlis nairsaxeobebis, unare-
bis, kulturuli `tvirTis~, mrwamsisa da maT mier samyaros Semecnebis Sesaxeb?
2. pirobebi, romlebic erTi SexedviT, xels uwyobs an xels uSlis
enis Seswavlas. maTi gansazRvris Semdeg ki, imaze dafiqreba, Tu rogor Se-
vuqmnaT xelsayreli pirobebi sxvadasxva jgufebsa da Semswavlelebs.
106
3. ganaTleba (teqnikuri, samecniero, akademiuri da a.S) an dek-
laraciuli codna _ les savoirs _ romelsac Semswavlelebi gamoiyeneben enis
Seswavlisas.
4. yoveldRiuri rutinis elementebi _ yoveldRiuri programebi, tra-
pezi da trapezisaTvis gankuTvnili saaTebi, transportiT gadaadgileba sko-
lamde / skolidan, institutamde / institutidan, samuSao adgilamde / adgi-
lidan, rac uzrunvelyofs urTierTgagebas programis organizatorsa da
Semswavlels Soris.
5. enis Seswavla ramdenad aris an SeiZleba efuZnebodes procedurul
operaciebs, rogoricaa unarebi da nou-hau, zogierTi Tanamimdevruli moqmedebis
Sesrulebisas (manqanis marTva, kerZis momzadeba receptis mixedviT a.S). savoir-faire ukve nacnobia SemswavlelisaTvis, an romlis Sesrulebac Semswavlels
sWirdeba an surs.
6. aris Tu ara enis swavla saSualeba sxva saxis swavlisaTvis,
rogorc es xdeba magaliTad, Sesaval programebSi, orenovan ganyofilebebSi, an
swavlisas (magaliTad, geografiis) ucxo enis gamoyenebiT a. S.
7. enis Seswavla ramdenad uSvebs an ganaviTarebs swavlis unars _ sa-voir apprendre _ da winaswarganwyobas, sxva enis, kulturis, sxva xalxis da a. S.
aRmosaCenad.
8. ramdenad riskaven Semswavlelebi enasTan pirispir Seyras da ramde-
nad mzad arian axsna-ganmartebis mosaZieblad, damatebiTi informaciis an gameo-
rebis saTxovnelad da a. S.
SeimuSavebs Tqveni trening-programa strategiebs staJiorebis dasaxmare-
blad, rom maT ufro meti Seityon swavlis nairsaxeobaze, codnaze, molodi-
nebsa da im unarebze, romlebsac Semswavlelebi davalebis Sesasruleblad
iyeneben? akeTeben amas maswavleblebi?
1. 1. 2. sakomunikacio enis kompetencia (punqti 5.2)
sakomunikacio enis kompetenciis ganviTarebisaTvis staJiorebma da mas-
wavleblebma unda
1. icodnen, rom aseTi kompetencia Sedgeba:
(i) sociolingvisturi komponentisagan _ magaliTad, socialuri Tavyri-
lobebis gancda, enobrivi ritualebi sazogadoebaSi da a. S. ...
(ii) lingvisturi komponentisagan _ magaliTad, leqsikuri, fonologi-
uri, sintaqsuri codna da unarebi;
(iii) pragmatuli komponentisagan _ magaliTad, interaqtiuli urTierT-
gacvlis farglebSi, metyvelebis daxvewa, Tanamimdevruloba, ironiulobis mix-
vedra a. S.
2. magaliTebis motaniT warmoadginon da gaiTvaliswinon aseTi kompeten-
ciebi TavianT praqtikaSi, saklaso oTaxis farglebSi.
axdens Tqveni programebi am komponentebis analizs da uzrunvelyofs
SesaZleblobebs staJiorebisaTvis, rom maT SemswavlelebSi ganaviTaron codnis
es formebi da unarebi? xdeba Tu ara maswavleblebis mxridan aseTi codnis ga-
ziareba?
2. 1. 3. enobrivi aqtivobebi (punqti 4.4)
enis momxmareblis / Semswavlelis sakomunikacio enis kompetencia aqtiv-
izdeba sxvadasxva enobrivi aqtivobebis meSveobiT, romlebic ukavSirdeba re-
cefcias, producirebas, interaqcias, an mediacias, (gansakuTrebiT, Targmnisas),
TiToeuli aqtivoba gvxvdeba zepiri an werilobiTi formiT, an erTdroulad
orive formiT.
107
mkiTxvelebma, miawoda ra maT kompetenciebma aRniSnuli enobrivi
aqtivobebis magaliTebi, (ix. 2.1.2_ 2.1.3) SeiZleba ganixilon, Tu ramdenad isaxavs
miznad maTi trening-programebi staJiorebis kompetenciis ganviTarebas, an TviT
isini, rogorc maswavleblebi, igoneben Tu ara:
1. interaqtiul saswavlo aqtivobebs, romlebSic sul mcire ori adamiani
monawileobs zepir da werilobiT urTierTgacvlaSi, producirebisa da recef-
ciis monacvleobis pirobebSi;
2. recefciul da produqtiul enobriv aqtivobebs, sadac studenti marto
moqmedebs, kiTxulobs, ismens, saubrobs an wers partnioris gareSe;
3. mediaciis werilobiT da / an zepir aqtivobebs, Targmanis, Sejamebis an
Canaweris meSveobiT, rom mesame mxarisaTvis moxdes teqstis originalis (re)
formulireba, radgan misTvis es teqsti uSualod xelmisawvdomi ar aris.
urigo ar iqneba, im formebis ganxilva, romlebic SeiZleba gaaCndes
sxvadasxva enobriv aqtivobebs, sxvadasxva asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone
SemswavlelebTan mimarTebaSi: agreTve `imis gaTvaliswineba, Tu rogor xdeba am
aqtivobebis organizeba da ganxorcieleba maswavleblebisa da Semswavlelebis
mier, sxvadasxva situaciaSi (skolaSi, saxlSi, sxva adamianebTan urTierTobaSi,
marto yofnisas da a. S.)
2. 1. 4. kompetenciebis enobrivi aqtivobebi sxvadasxva sferoebSi (punqti
4.1.1)
kompetenciebi aRniSnavs, rom sferoebis mravalgvarobis miuxedavad enis
SeswavlasTan mimarTebaSi isini Semdegnairad klasificirdeba: sazogadoebrivi
sfero, pirovnuli sfero, saganmanaTleblo sfero da profesiuli sfero.
sazogadoebrivi sfero exeba yvelafers, rac dakavSirebulia Cveulebriv
socialur interaqciasTan (biznes da administraciuli organoebi, sazogadoe-
brivi momsaxureba, sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis kulturuli da gasarTobi
aqtivobebi, mediasTan urTierToba da a.S) amas emateba pirovnuli sfero, ro-
melic moicavs ojaxur urTierTobebsa da individualur socialur praqtikas.
profesiuli sfero moicavs yvelafers, rac dakavSirebulia agentis
aqtivobebsa da urTierTobebTan profesiuli moRvaweobis WrilSi. saganmanaTle-
blo sfero exeba swavlis treningis konteqsts (rac, Cveulebriv institucion-
aluri xasiaTis matarebelia), sadac ZiriTadi mizani aris specifikuri codnisa
da unarebis SeZena.
Tqveni trening-programa amzadebs staJiorebs ise, rom maT SesZlon, an
maswavleblebs SeuZliaT:
1. gansazRvron, romeli sfero / sferoebi miesadageba konkretul Semswav-
lelebs?
2. Seqmnan saswavlo masalebi, romlebic urTierTobaSi iqneba kompeten-
ciebSi gansazRvrul sferoebTan (2.1.4)?
xom ar migaCniaT, rom zogierTi sfero ufro metad miesadageba calkeuli
asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone Semswavlelebs, an SemswavlelTa iseT kate-
gorias, romelsac specifikuri moTxovnebi da miznebi gaaCnia?
2. 1. 5. davalebebi (kompetenciebi 7), strategiebi (punqti 4.4) da teqstebi
(punqti 4.6)
`komunikacia da swavla moicavs davalebebis Sesrulebas, rac gulisx-
mobs davalebebs ara mxolod enaSi, (maSinac ki, roca isini moicavs enobriv
aqtivobebs) da moTxovnebis dawesebas individis sakomunikacio kompetenciasTan
mimarTebaSi. imdenad, ramdenadac es davalebebi arc rutinulia da arc av-
tomaturi, komunikaciasa da swavlaSi saWiroa strategiebis gamoyeneba. agreTve,
gamomdinare iqidan, rom am davalebaTa Sesruleba moicavs enobriv aqtivobebs,
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Cndeba zepiri da werilobiTi teqstebis damuSavebis aucilebloba (recefciis,
producirebis, interaqciisa da mediaciis gziT)~ (kompetenciebi, gverdi 15).
Tqveni trening-programis farglebSi staJiorebs aqvT saSualeba, rom ga-
naviTaron, an maswavleblebi ganaviTareben TavianT SemswavlelebSi:
1. saTanado strategiebs, davalebis xasiaTidan gamomdinare?
2. saTanado strategiebs, mTeli rigi davalebebis xasiaTidan gamomdinare?
mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba ainteresebdeT imis ganxilva, Tu ramdenad sasarge-
bloa studentebisa da maswavleblebisaTvis, kvalifikaciis asamaRlebel
kursebze davalebebisa da teqstebis gamoyeneba, rac moiTxovs imave saswavlo
strategiebs, romelTa ganviTarebac maswavleblebs surT TavianT Semswav-
lelebSi. magaliTad, kiTxvis stategiebis ilustrirebis mizniT, staJiorebsa da
maswavleblebs SeuZliaT scadon, ucnob enaze mocemuli teqstis wakiTxva. maT
SeiZleba sTxovon im strategiebis CamoTvla da aRwera, romlebic maT mier ga-
moyenebul iqna mTeli rigi davalebebis Sesasruleblad TiToeul teqstTan mi-
marTebaSi.
pirvelwyarodan miRebuli msgavsi gamocdileba da analizi xSirad sak-
maod damajereblad asaxavs kavSirs davalebas, strategiasa da teqsts Soris.
kompetenciebma ukve uzrunvelyo deskripciuli sqema (2.1). maswavleblebsa
da staJiorebs SeuZliaT ganixilon, Tu rogor SeiZleba Semswavlelis winsvlis
dagegmva da gaTvaliswineba. am mxriv, gamosadegia aq warmodgenili gansazRvreba.
misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia:
· Semswavlelis kvalificiurobis gansazRvrisaTvis, drois svlasTan
erTad;
· gamWvirvale da realisturi saswavlo amocanebis dasagegmad;
· saswavlo erTeulebis organizebisaTvis;
· winsvlis asaxvisaTvis;
· gangrZobadobis uzrunvelsayofad;
· kvalificiurobis TvalsazrisiT, miRwevebis Sesafaseblad.
SemswavlelTa winsvlis ganxilvisas, yuradsaRebia:
· SemTxveviT swavlis SesaZleblobebi;
· nawilobrivi kompetenciebis cnoba;
· saTanado standartebis dadgena da Sefaseba.
SekiTxva:
rogor unda moxdes winsvlisa da mdgradobis dagegmva, organizeba da Se-
faseba sxvadasxva kategoriisa da asakis SemswavlelebTan mimarTebaSi, maswav-
lebelTa treningis kursisa da swavlebis programis farglebSi? rogor ganavi-
TarebT am aspeqtebs?
109
nawili 3 _ zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi
nebismieri saxis swavlebas Tan axlavs Sefaseba, rasac SeiZleba orgvari
orientacia gaaCndes:
· ris keTeba SeuZlia Semswavlels:
Semswavlelisa da / an maswavleblis mier gamoyenebisaTvis.
· ramdenad kargad asrulebs igi:
Semswavlelisa da / an maswavleblisaTvis, diagnostikis da / an Sefasebis
konteqstSi gamosayeneblad.
me-3 Tavi exeba enis Seswavlis deskrifciasa da Sefasebas, da gvTavazobs
zogadi kompetenciebis doneebs miRwevis sajaro aRiarebisaTvis.
3.3 aq mocemuli cxrilebi cxadyofs or aspeqts. cxrili 1 asaxavs zogadi
kompetenciebis doneebs, romlebic ufro gamartivebuli saxiT gvawvdis infor-
macias Semswavlelis Sesaxeb, globaluri prezentaciebis formiT. cxrili 2
TviTSefasebis magaliTia da daxmarebas gauwevs Semswavlelebs, rom `gan-
sazRvron Tavisi mTavari enobrivi unarebi garkveuli profiliT... da Seafason
sakuTari codnis done~ (kompetenciebi gverdi 25).
3.4 cxrili 3 miznad isaxavs, aRweros Semswavlelis kompetencia sizustis,
Tavisuflad flobis, interaqciisa da Tanamimdevrulobis TvalsazrisiT,
zogadi kompetenciebis doneebTan misadagebiT.
SekiTxva:
maswavlebelTa treningis kursisa da swavlebis programis farglebSi,
rogor axdenT enis Seswavlis deskripciisa da Sefasebis ilustrirebas? Tu
Temis ilustrirebas axdenT erovnul doneze SeTanxmebuli sistemis saSuale-
biT, ramdenad miesadageba igi kompetenciebSi warmodgenil sam cxrils? war-
moadgens es cxrilebi Tqvens konteqstSi ukve arsebuli sistemebis da im
novaciuri praqtikis ganxilvis safuZvels, rac staJiorebsa da maswavleblebs
eqsperimentirebis saSualebas miscemda?
nawili 4 _ enis gamoyeneba da enis momxmarebeli / Semswavleli
es Tavi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania maTTvis, vinc pasuxismgebelia an
monawileobs mosamzadebeli an kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli programebis
dagegmvaSi, uzrunvelyofasa da / an SefasebaSi. igi, aseve mniSvnelovania mas-
wavleblebisaTvis, gamomdinare iqidan, rom aqcents akeTebs Semswavlelze da
ganixilavs sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebsa da procesebs, teqstebs, momxmareblis
/ Semswavlelis kompetenciebsa da strategiebs. mkiTxvelebma SeiZleba swored am
aspeqtebis xilva isurvon maswavlebelTa trening-programebisa da profesiuli
ganviTarebis ZiriTad mimarTulebebad. TiToeuli aspeqti saWiroebs ganxilvas,
ilustrirebasa da Sesrulebas, rom Semswavlelebma, romlebzec Cven vagebT
pasuxs, kompetenturad da darwmunebiT ganaviTaron enis Seswavlis procesi.
4. 1. 1. sferoebi
`enis gamoyenebis yoveli aqti ganixileba calkeuli situaciis konteqstSi,
erT-erTi sferos farglebSi (moRvaweobis an interesis sferoebi), sadac xdeba
socialuri cxovrebis organizeba. im sferoebis SerCevas, romelTa farglebSic
xdeba Semswavlelebis samoqmedod momzadeba, didi mniSvneloba aqvs situaciebis,
saswavlo da sagamocdo masalebisa da aqtivobebisaTvis, miznebis, davalebebis,
110
Temebisa da teqstebis seleqciis TvalsazrisiT~. maswavlebelTa trenerebs
SeiZleba dasWirdeT sakuTar staJiorebTan ganxilva, xolo maswavleblebs gaT-
valiswineba `im motivaciisa~ rac ganapirobebs mocemuli etapisaTvis Sesaferis
sferoebis SerCevas ise, rom arCevani samomavlodac marTebuli iyos. magaliTad,
bavSvebi, axdenen ra koncentirebas im interesze, romelic axla amoZravebT,
SesaZloa ukeT motivirebulni iyvnen. magram, meore mxriv, swored am interesze
koncentrirebam SeiZleba SeuSalos xeli maT momzadebas samomavlod, zrdas-
rulTa garemoSi komunikaciisaTvis~. (kompetenciebi gverdi 45)
enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis zogad miznebTan mimarTebaSi SeiZleba
friad gamosadegi iyos, sul mcire, Semdegi sferoebis garCeva:
· pirovnuli sfero, romlis farglebSic konkretuli adamiani cxovrobs
rogorc kerZo piri, koncentrirebuli ojaxur cxovrebasa da megobrebze.
· sazogadoebrivi sfero, sadac konkretuli adamiani moqmedebs,
rogorc sazogadoebis an calkeuli organizaciis wevri, da sxvadasxva mizne-
bidan gamomdinare, monawileobs mravali saxis tranzaqciaSi.
· profesiuli sfero, romlis farglebSic konkretuli adamiani da-
kavebulia sakuTari profesiuli saqmianobiT.
· saganmanaTleblo sfero, sadac konkretuli adamiani eweva organ-
izebul swavlas, ZiriTadad (magram ara aucileblad) saganmanaTleblo dawese-
bulebis farglebSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom situaciebis umravlesoba aerTianebs ramdenime sferos.
magaliTad, sayidlebze siaruls, gareT kvebas da a. S. xSirad ganixilaven
erTgvar pirovnul aspeqtSic. maswavleblis SemTxvevaSi, xSiria profesiuli da
saganmanaTleblo sferoebis Tanxvedra.
maswavleblebsa da maswavlebelTa trenerebs SeiZleba survili gauCndeT
kursis dagegmvis Semdegnairad ganxilvisa:
1. moicavs Tu ara igi sferos koncefciis ganxilvasa da ilustrirebas.
2. sferos koncefcias im saxiT, rogorc gaanalizebulia kompeten-
ciebSi, miesadagebs Tu ara erovnul politikas, erovnul kurikulumebs, kursis
saxelmZRvanelos Sinaarss, skolebis saswavlo programebs, samuSao ganrigebs an
gakveTilis Sinaarss.
3. cxadyofs Tu ara igi, rom sferoebis koncefcia zegavlenas axdens
da SeiZleba gardaiqmnas saswavlo Sinaarsis masalad, sxvadasxva asakisa da
SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelTaTvis.
4. 1. 2. situaciebi
yovel sferoSi, Seqmnili situaciebi SegviZlia aRvweroT Semdegnairad:
· adgilis mixedviT, sadac isini viTardeba, da drois mixedviT, roca is-
ini mimdinareobs;
· institutebisa da organizaciebis mixedviT, romelTa struqtura da
procedurebi kontrols uwevs mimdinare procesebs;
· monawile adamianebis mixedviT, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca isini
momxmareblis / Semswavlelis socialur rolSi gvevlinebian;
· irgvliv arsebuli sagnebis mixedviT (sulieri da usulo);
· mimdinare movlenebis mixedviT;
· operaciebis mixedviT, romlebsac asruleben monawileebi;
· teqstebis mixedviT, romlebic SeiZleba konkretul situaciaSi
Segvxvdes.
cxrili 5, warmoadgens ra Sejamebas, naTlad gviCvenebs, Tu rogor
SeiZleba sferoebis praqtikaSi ilustrireba, adgilis, institutebis, monawile
adamianebis, sagnebis, movlenebis, operaciebisa da teqstebis mixedviT.
111
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
Tqveni trening-programa moicavs situaciebis ganxilvasa da analizs, rac
daexmareba student-maswavleblebsa da maswavleblebs, saswavlo procesi ise
dagegmon Sinaarsobrivad, rom pasuxobdes SemswavlelTa moTxovnebs, interesebs,
gancxadebas, safiqralsa da miswrafebebs?
maswavleblebs:
rogor axerxebT saswavlo procesis Sinaarsis misadagebas SemswavlelTa
moTxovnebTan, interesebTan, gancdebTan, safiqralsa da miswrafebebTan?
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
Tqveni programa acnobs staJiorebs iseT cxrilebs, rogoricaa kompeten-
ciebSi mocemuli cxrili 5: gareSe momxmarebelTaTvis, da / an msgavs cxrilebs,
romlebic SeiZleba gamoqveyndes erovnul kurikulumebSi an gamomcdelTa sila-
busebSi?
ra sargebeli moaqvs aseT cxrilebs kvalifikaciis amaRlebis an momzade-
bis TvalsazrisiT?
aseTi cxrilebis ganxilvisas, staJiorebs SegviZlia SevTavazoT im
zegavlenis gamokvleva, romelsac gakveTilis dagegmvasa da swavlebaze axdens
kurikulumi, organizebuli gansazRvruli sferoebis koncefciisa da gareSe
situaciebis, an gramatikuli Taviseburebebisa da gramatikuli winsvlis mixed-
viT.
maswavleblebs:
ra gavlenas axdens gakveTilis dagegmvasa da swavlebaze kurikulumi, ro-
melic organizebulia gansazRvruli sferoebis koncefciisa da gareSe situa-
ciebis, an gramatikuli Taviseburebebisa da gramatikuli winsvlis mixedviT?
4. 1. 3. pirobebi da SezRudvebi
gare pirobebi, romelTa farglebSic mimdinareobs komunikacia, mraval-
nairad zRudavs momxmarebels / Semswavlels da mis Tanamosaubreebs, saubaria:
· fizikur pirobebze
· socialur pirobebze
· drois wnexze
Tqveni treningi / saswavlo programa iTvaliswinebs da Sesabamisad,
1. ganixilavs, Tu rogor zemoqmedebs Semswavlelebze is fizikuri pi-
robebi, romlis farglebSic maT mouwevT komunikacia?
2. ganixilavs imas, Tu ra zegavlenas moaxdens TanamosaubreTa raodenoba
da Taviseburebani, Semswavlelebze?
3. ganixilavs, Tu drois rogor wnexs qveS mouwevs Semswavlels mo-
qmedeba?
4. aanalizebs, ra SeiZleba warmoadgendes sirTules mocemuli pirobebisa
da SezRudvebis farglebSi?
5. sxvadasxva asakisa da SesaZleblobis mqone SemswavlelTaTvis,
SeimuSavebs msgavsi sirTuleebis momcvel saswavlo masalebs / situaciebs?
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
uzrunvelyofT Tqven staJiorebs iseTi SesaZleblobiT, rom Tavad gamo-
scadon da Semdeg gaanalizon mTeli rigi gare pirobebi, romelTa farglebSic
xdeba komunikacia?
112
4. 1. 4. da 4. 1. 5. momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mentaluri konteqsti da
Tanamosaubris / TanamosaubreTa mentaluri konteqsti
kompetenciebis am punqts ramdenime elementi moeZebneba, romlebic
SeiZleba mivusadagoT maswavleblebs, maswavlebelTa trenerebs da maT gagebas
sakuTar SemswavlelebTan mimarTebaSi. gakveTilis dagegmva da uzrunvelyofa
gaumjobesdeba, Tu maT ecodinebaT sakuTari Semswavlelebis moTxovnebi, Sina-
gani muxti, motivacia, agreTve, is grZnobebi, ideebi da STabeWdilebebi, romel-
Tac isini aqsoven mocemul enaze komunikaciaSi. maswavleblebma da staJiorebma
unda gaaTviTcnobieron Semswavlelebi, rom Tanamosaubre zogjer iziarebs
msgavs Rirebulebebs, mrwamss, Tavazianobis pirobiTobas, motivacias da a. S. ma-
gram zogjer _ naklebad. `gamonaklisia SemTxveva, roca isini interkulturu-
lad gaTviTcnobierebulni arian~. (kompetenciebi gverdi 51). SegviZlia maTi
stimulireba, rom dafiqrdnen, zogadad, maswavleblisa da Semswavlelis
urTierTobaze da komunikaciaze-saklaso oTaxis farglebSi.
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
Tqveni trening-programa Tu cdilobs, daexmaros student-maswavleblebs
an maswavleblebs:
1. gaiTvaliswinon Semswavlelis mentaluri konteqsti da / an Tanamo-
saubris mentaluri konteqsti?
2. waaxalison Semswavlelebi sakuTar gamocdilebaze dasafiqreblad?
3. moamzadon Semswavlelebi adaptirebisaTvis, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi?
maswavleblebs:
Tqven, rogorc maswavleblebi, rogor pasuxobT mocemul sam SekiTxvas?
4. 2. sakomunikacio Temebi
dawyebiTi da saSualo skolebis saswavlo programebi xSirad moicavs
calkeul identificirebad Temebs. isini SeiZleba iyofodes kategoriebad, ro-
melTa meSveobiTac xdeba programis an samuSao ganrigis organizeba, an SeiZleba
integrirebuli iyos swavlebaSi, naklebad stuqturizebuli saxiT. sferoebis
mixedviT SesaZlebelia mTeli rigi Temebis gamoyofa.
es Temebi xSirad moicavs:
1. pirovnul identifikacias;
2. saxls, garemos;
3. yoveldRiur cxovrebas
4. Tavisufal dros, garTobas
5. mogzaurobas, a.S
yoveli maTgani SeiZleba qveTemebad daiyos. magaliTad, Tavisufali dro
da garToba SesaZlebelia Semdegnairad daiyos:
1. mocaleoba da dasveneba
2. gatacebebi da interesebi
3. radio da televizia
4. kino, Teatri, koncerti da a.S
Semdgom kategorizacias SegviZlia ufro specifikuri saxe mivceT. ma-
galiTad, sportis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba iyos:
1. sportuli adgilebi: moedani, mindori, stadioni.
2. institutebi da organizaciebi: sporti, gundi, klubi
3. adamianebi: moTamaSe
4. sagnebi: karti, burTi a. S.
113
kompetenciebSi CamoTvlili Temebi, qveTemebi da a. S. (pirovnuli identi-
fikacia, saxli, garemo da yoveldRiuri cxovreba, Tavisufali dro, garToba a.
S.). ukavSirdeba SemswavlelTa savaraudo sakomunikacio moTxovnebs.
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
Tqveni trening-programa:
1. stimuls aZlevs da exmareba staJiorebs TavianTi Semswavlelebis
moTxovnebis dadgenaSi / gansazRvraSi?
2. gviCvenebs, rogor unda Seiqmnas saswavlo programa, msgavsi analizis
Sedegebis mixedviT?
3. asaxavs da eqsperiments atarebs TviTmiRwevasa da saswavlo pro-
gramebze?
maswavleblebs:
Tqven:
1. adgenT / gansazRvravT SemswavlelTa moTxovnebs?
2. qmniT saswavlo programas msgavsi analizis Sedegebis mixedviT?
3. asaxavT da eqsperiments atarebT TviTmiRwevasa da saswavlo
programebze?
roca xdeba staJiorebis maswavleblebad momzadeba an sxvadasxva asko-
brivi jgufebis / Semswavlelebis swavleba, urigo ar iqneba davfiqrdeT:
1. romeli Temebi, qveTemebi da specifikuri cnebebi SeiZleba dasWirdeT
Semswavlelebs SerCeul sferoebSi, an romlebTan SeiZleba mosTxovon muSaoba,
gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca gaTvaliswinebulia Semswavlelis arCevani da mas-
wavleblis iniciativa, rogorc es xdeba, magaliTad, zogierT erovnul kon-
teqstSi
2. Semswavlelebi rogor reagireben / rogor surT adaptireba an
Secvla im enis / enebis Tematikisa, romlebsac aswavlian.
4. 3. sakomunikacio davalebebi da miznebi
4. 3. 2. amboben, rom SemswavlelebisaTvis `Zalze mravlismetyvelia da mo-
tivaciis mimcemia konkretul davalebaTa, rogorc saswavlo amocanaTa, specifi-
kacia(...). sakuTar SemswavlelTa moTxovnebze dafiqreba ki, praqtikosebis saqmea,
rasac unda mohyves (...) SemswavlelTaTvis sakomunikacio davalebebis gansaz-
Rvra~.
Tqveni treningi / saswavlo programa:
1. astimulirebs calkeul davalebaTa specifikis gansazRvras, mocemul
SemswavlelebTan mimarTebaSi?
2. aqcevs aseTi davalebis specifikis gansazRvras gakveTilis dagegmvis, an
saswavlo aqtivobaTa dadgenis xilul da farul elementad?
3. Tu aseTi specifikacia saTanadodaa miCneuli, ikvlevs misi ganxor-
cielebis saSualebebs konkretul enasTan mimarTebaSi?
4. aanalizebs rogori iqneba efeqti, Tu davalebis specifikis gansazRvra
xdeba i) Semswavlelis mier, ii) maswavleblis mier, Semswavlelis moTxovnaTa Se-
fasebiT, an mis gareSe?
114
4. 3. 3. davalebebi (ix. agreTve, SeniSvnebi kompetenciebi 7-ze)
didia sxvaoba `im davalebebs Soris, romlebTan gamklavebac moeTxovebaT
Semswavlelebs, rogorc enis momxmareblebs da romlebsac asruleben, rogorc
TviT enis Seswavlis procesis Semadgenel nawils~.
Tqveni treningi / saswavlo programa:
1. ganmartavs am sxvaobas?
2. axdens im davalebaTa ilustrirebas, romelTa Sesrulebac Semswav-
lelebs moeTxovebaT saganmanaTleblo sferoSi
a) rogorc marTuli, mizanze orientirebuli interaqciebis, proeqtirebis,
simulaciebis, rolebis gaTamaSebis da a. S. monawileT.
b) sxva mxriv, roca L3 gamoiyeneba instruqtirebis saSualebad i) TviT enis
swavlebaSi, ii) kurikulumiT gaTvlili sxva sagnebis, a. S. swavlebaSi?
3. moicavs aseTi davalebebis gamoyenebisa da Sefasebis ilustracias?
4. 3. 4. _ 4. 3. 5. TavSesaqcevi da esTetikuri aqtivobebi da enis gamoyeneba
Tqveni trening-programa astimulirebs staJiorebs, an Tqven rogorc mas-
wavlebeli igonebT, eqsperiments atarebT an afasebT saswavlo situaciebs,
TamaSebs, Tavsatexebs, TamaSis saSualebebs, verbalur xumrobebs, enis warmosax-
viT da artistul gamoyenebas, a.S?
4. 4. sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebi da strategiebi
tradiciulad, sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebi ganisazRvreboda, rogorc
kiTxva da mosmena (recefciuli unarebi), metyveleba da wera (produqtiuli
unarebi).
4. 4. 1. _ 4. 4. 4. es punqtebi ufro xelsayreli saxiT, ganmartebulia kompe-
tenciebSi, rogorc:
produqtiuli: zepiri producireba (metyveleba)
werilobiTi producireba (wera)
producirebis strategiebi
recefciuli: msmenelobiTi recefcia (mosmena)
vizualuri recefcia (kiTxva)
audio-vizualuri recefcia
recefciis strategiebi
interaqtiuli: sasaubro interaqcia
werilobiTi interaqcia
interaqciis strategiebi
mediacia: (erTgvari sakomunikacio arxis funciis Sesruleba or adamians
Soris, romelTac uSualod komunikacia ar ZaluZT. xSirad, magram ara au-
cileblad, komunikacia xdeba sxvadasxva enebze).
115
mediaciis aqtivobebi da strategiebi
Tqveni trening-programa moicavs staJiorebis unaris ganviTarebas imisT-
vis, rom maT:
1. Seqmnan / SearCion zepiri producirebis (metyveleba) aqtivobebi speci-
fikuri asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelebisaTvis;
2. Seqmnan / SearCion werilobiTi aqtivobebi specifikuri asakisa da
SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelTaTvis, maTi, rogorc mkiTxvelTa savaraudo
kategoriis, definiciiT;
3. Seqmnan / SearCion recefciuli aqtivobebi (mosmena da kiTxva, audio-
vizualuri recefcia) specifikuri asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone Semswav-
lelebisaTvis, romlebic moicavs mosmenis / kiTxvis saTanado unarebis ganvi-
Tarebasac, roca mocemulia mosmenis / kiTxvis saSualebebi da miznebi;
4. Seqmnan / SearCion interaqtiuli (sasaubro) aqtivobebi specifikuri
asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelebisaTvis, rac agreTve, moicavs:
i) recefciisa da producirebis strategiebis ganviTarebas
ii) kognituri da TanamSromlobiTi strategiebis ganviTarebas da in-
teraqciaSi Sesrulebuli rolebis aRiarebas;
5. Seqmnan / SearCion interaqtiuli (werilobiTi) aqtivobebi specifikuri
asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelTaTvis, rac agreTve, moicavs ko-
munikacias adamiansa da manqanas Soris, programuli uzrunvelyofis gamoyenebiT;
6. Seqmnan / SearCion mediaciis aqtivobebi specifikuri asakisa da
SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelebisaTvis, rac, agreTve moicavs zepir da
werilobiT mediacias?
Tqven, rogorc maswavlebeli, asrulebT yvelafer amas?
rogor gamoiyenebdiT ilustraciul skalebs maswavlebelTa trening /
saswavlo programaSi?
iqneboda Tu ara es yvelaferi safuZveli detaluri dagegmvisa da Sesa-
bamisi ukukavSirisa sxvadasxva asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone Semswavleleb-
Tan da / an TviTSefasebasTan mimarTebaSi?
4. 4. 5. araverbaluri komunikacia
xom ar migaCniaT, rom araverbaluri komunikaciis aspeqtebi unda figuri-
rebdes maswavlebelTa trening / saswavlo programebSi? Tu es asea, romeli
aspeqtebi gsurT ixiloT da ra konteqstSi ganviTarebuli?
4. 5. sakomunikacio enis procesebi
es procesebi Sejamebulia kompetenciebSi (4.5.1 _ 4.5.3) rogorc:
1. dagegmva
2. Sesruleba
_ producireba
_ recefcia
_ interaqcia
3. monitoringi
sakomunikacio enis yvela procesi bolomde gagebuli ar aris, Tumca
calkeuli procesebis etapebi, romlebic dakvirvebis qveSaa, savsebiT gasagebia.
116
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
1. ras akeTebs Tqveni programa imisaTvis, rom staJiorebi ukeT aTviTcno-
bierebdnen da igebdnen metyvelebisa da weris producirebasa da recefciaSi
CarTul fsiqologiur, fiziologiur da fizikur procesebs?
2. amzadebs Tqveni progrma staJiorebs imisaTvis, rom maT SesZlon moce-
mul enaze, (a) aRqmisa da (b) sametyvelo bgerebis warmoTqmisas, Semswavlelebis
mier daSvebuli Secdomebis amocnoba da Sesworeba?
3. ra mniSvnelobas aniWebT enis Seswavlis am aspeqts?
maswavleblebs:
Tqveni saswavlo programa:
1. iTvaliswinebs metyvelebisa da weris producirebasa da recefciaSi
CarTul fsiqologiur, fiziologiur da fizikur procesebs?
2. miznad isaxavs mocemul enaze (a) aRqmisa da (b) sametyvelo bgerebis
warmoTqmisas, Semswavlelebis mier daSvebuli Secdomebis amocnobasa da
Sesworebas?
3. ra mniSvnelobas aniWebT enis Seswavlis am aspeqts?
4. 6. teqstebi
rogorc sasaubro, ise werilobiT teqstebs fundamenturi mniSvneloba
aqvs komunikaciaSi, maTi uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva saSualebebiT
(xma, telefoni, radio mauwyebloba, televizia, kinofilmebi, eleqtronuli
fosta, xelnawerebi, a. S.). TviT teqsti SEiZleba klasificirebul iqnes Semdegi
tipebis mixedviT:
sasaubro: sajaro gancxadebebi, komentarebi, debatebi, a. S.
werilobiTi: wignebi, saxelmZRvaneloebi, proklamaciebi, niSnebi a. S.
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
Tqveni programa uwevs megzurobas staJiorebs;
1. sasaubro / werilobiTi teqstebis tipebis SerCevaSi / SeqmnaSi?
2. sasaubro / werilobiTi teqstebis tipebis recefciul / produqtiul /
interaqciul da mediaciis mxriv gamoyenebaSi?
3.sxvadasxva asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelebisaTvis,
mTeli rigi saSualebebis interaqtiulad / recefciulad / produqtiulad da
mediaciis mxriv gamoyenebaSi?
maswavleblebs:
1. qmniT an iyenebT sasaubro / werilobiTi teqstis tipebs? ra kriteriu-
mebiT xdeba maTi SerCeva?
2. mimarTavT sasaubro / werilobiTi teqstis tipebis recefciul / produ-
qtiul / interaqciul da mediaciis mxriv gamoyenebas?
3. sxvadasxva asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelTaTvis, iyenebT
mTel rig saSualebebs recefciulad / produqtiulad / interaqtiulad an me-
diaciis mxriv?
4.6.1 _ 4.6.2-Si mocemuli teqstis sxvadasxva tipebi da maTi matarebeli
saSualebebi (4.6.2) SeiZleba Zalze daexmaros staJiorebsa da maswavleblebs,
saswavlo aqtivobebis dagegmvaSi, mTeli rigi SemswavlelebisaTvis. maswavle-
belTa trenerebsa da maswavleblebs SeiZleba gauCndeT survili imis ganxil-
visa, Tu romeli saSualebebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba dasWirdeT an mosTxovon
Semswavlelebs (a) recefciulad, (b) produqtiulad, (g) interaqtiulad da (d)
mediaciis mxriv. maswavlebelTa trenerebma SeiZleba agreTve isurvon imis ganx-
ilva, Tu rogor unda gaaTviTcnobieron staJiorebi, aRniSnul saSualebebsa da
maT gamoyenebaSi.
117
Tqveni trening / saswavlo programa miznad isaxavs:
1. ganaviTaros SemswavlelebSi saTanado unarebi, rogoricaa:
* mexsiereba
* gaSifrvis unarebi
* daskvnis gamotana
* prognozireba
* swrafad gadaxedva
* mixvedra, leqsikonebiT, gramatikis saxelmZRvaneloebiT sargebloba, a.
S.
gamomdinare iqidan, rom yvela es unari ver iqneba navaraudevi? (ix. 4.5)
2. ganaviTaros SemswavlelebSi moqmedebebis sityvebTan misadagebis unari
da piriqiT, drodadro kulturuli gansxvavebis gaTviTcnobierebiT? (ix. 4.4.5.1)
3. ganaviTaros SemswavlelebSi paralingvisturi yofaqceva; sxeulis ena,
damatebiTi enobrivi sametyvelo bgerebi, prosodiuli Tvisebebi, im kulturuli
gansxvavebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebmac SeiZleba ganapirobos mniSvnelobis
cvlileba? (ix. 4.4.5.2)
4. ganaviTaros SemswavlelebSi unari, werilobiT teqstebSi (a) amoicnon,
(b) reagireba moaxdinon da (g) gamoiyenon parateqstualuri maxasiaTeblebi?
(ix 4.4.5.3)
nawili 5 _ momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetenciebi
me-4 Tavma ganixila yvelaferi, ris Seswavlac mouwevT enis momxmareblebs
komunikaciis dasamyareblad. me-5 Tavi exeba im codnasa da unarebs (kompeten-
ciebs), romlebic maT moqmedebis saSualebas aZlevs. Tumca, saWiro ar aris
yvela CamoTvlili kompetenciis swavleba.
5.1. zogadi kompetenciebi
Semswavlelebi mTel rig kompetenciebs aqsoven saswavlo davalebaSi. kom-
petenciebi maT Semdegnairad aRwers:
5. 1. 1. deklaraciuli codna (savoir)
(I) codna samyaros Sesaxeb;
(II) sociokulturuli codna;
(III) kulturaTaSoris gaTviTcnobierebuloba;
Tqveni trening-programa an swavleba iZleva SesaZleblobebs imisaTvis,
rom:
1. mikvleul iqnes ufro meti, Semswavlelis kompetenciebis mxriv?
2. Sefasdes, Tu ra axali gamocdilebis an codnis daufleba sWirdebaT
Semswavlelebs samyaros Sesaxeb, rom daakmayofilon meore enis komunikaciuri
moTxovnebi?
3. SemswavlelebSi ganviTardes gaTviTcnobierebuloba, sakuTar da sxva
kulturebs Soris urTierTobis Sesaxeb, rac ganapirobebs saTanado kultura-
TaSoris kompetenciis ganviTarebas?
5. 1. 2. unarebi da nou-hau (savoir-faire)
kompetenciebSi gansazRvruli momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetencia
aseve moicavs:
IV) praqtikul unarCvevebsa da nou-haus _ savoir faire; V) kulturaTaSoris unarebsa da nou-haus.
118
Tqveni trening-programa an swavleba aZlevs Semswavlelebs saSualebas:
1. ganaviTaron praqtikuli unar-Cvevebi, kulturaTaSoris unarebi da sa-
Tanado nou-hau?
2. gamoscadon konkretuli kultura?
3. Seasrulon kulturuli Suamavlis funqcia?
5. 1. 3. egzistencialuri kompetencia (savoir-être)
Semswavlelebs aseve gaaCniaT sakuTari midgomebi, motivacia, Rirebule-
bebi, mrwamsi, kognituri stili da pirovnuli faqtorebi, rac zegavlenas axdens
ara mxolod maT rolze, sakomunikacio aqtebSi, aramed maT swavlis unarzec.
Tqveni trening-programa iTvaliswinebs Semswavlelis xasiaTis Tavisebu-
rebebs? gansazRvravs is, Tu ra zegavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos am Tavisebure-
bebma enis Seswavlaze da rogor SeiZleba maTi gaTvaliswineba enis SeswavlaSi,
swavlebasa da SefasebaSi? migaCniaT Tu ara, rom enis swavlebam unda scados
sakuTari wvlilis Setana Semswavlelis pirovnebis ganviTarebaSi da Tu es asea
rogor?
5. 1. 4. swavlis unari (savoir apprendre)
swavlis unari aris `unari, daakvirde da gaxde axali situaciebis Tana-
monawile, Seavso ukve arsebuli codna axliT da es ukanaskneli gardaqmna
saWiroebisamebr: (kompetenciebi, gverdi 106) es unari ramdenime komponentisagan
Sedgeba:
1. enobrivi da komunikaciuri gaTviTcnobierebuloba (5.1.4.1)
2. zogadi fonetikuri unarebi (5.1.4.2)
3. mecadineobis unari (5.1.4.3)
4. evristikuli unarebi (5.1.4.4.)
Tqveni trening-programa an swavleba, iZleva zemoxsenebuli oTxi kate-
goriis unarebis ganviTarebisa da swavlasa da enis gamoyenebaSi SemswavlelTa
damoukideblobis xarisxis gazrdis saSualebas?
rogor fiqrobT, ra asakidan unda daiwyos cnobierebis zrdis programa?
rogor dagegmavdiT aRniSnuli kategoriis unarebis ganviTarebas Semswav-
lelebSi?
sakomunikacio enis kompetencia
kompetenciebis am punqts udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs maswavlebelTa da mas-
wavlebelTa trenerebis treningis saqmeSi miuxedavad imisa, treningi momzadebas
emsaxureba Tu kvalifikaciis amaRlebas, dawyebiT doneze tardeba, Tu saSu-
aloze. igi aqcents akeTebs `enobrivi kompetenciis ZiriTadi komponentebis
identificirebasa da kvalificirebaze, rac ganisazRvreba, rogorc formaluri
resursebis codna da maTi gamoyenebis unari. swored am resursebidan SeiZleba
movuyaroT Tavi da CamovayaliboT kargad formirebuli, mravlismTqmeli Setyo-
binebebi~. staJiorebsa da maswavleblebs kargad unda esmodeT, ra igulisxmeba
enobriv kompetenciaSi, rom Tanamimdevrulad da drosTan misadagebiT dagegmon
is, rac unda aswavlon da rac Semswavlelebma unda iswavlon. es codna saWiroa
imisaTvis, rom maT SesZlon SemswavlelTa kompetenciis aRwera da progresis
mizniT, misi davTarSi Setana da detalurad, yovlismomcvelad skalireba.
gadawyvetilebebi mokle da grZelvadiani amocanebis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba
daefuZnos zemoT warmodgenil gagebas. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom es Tavi, me-4
TavTan erTad, ayalibebs, ris `keTeba SeuZlia bolomde kompetentur enis momx-
marebels da ra saxis codna, unarebi da midgomebi xdis am aqtivobebs SesaZle-
119
bels~. aRniSnuli Tavebi uzrunvelyofs yovlismomcvel sqemas, romelic meg-
zurobas gauwevs sxvadasxva moTxovnebis, SesaZleblobebisa da motivaciis mqone
Semswavlelebs, maTi individualuri da koleqtiuri amocanebidan gamomdinare.
zogierTi aspeqti SeiZleba Seuswavleli darCes, zogierTi nawilobriv iqneba
Seswavlili da zogic _ siRrmiseulad.
mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba hqondeT survili, ganixilon:
1. rogor da ra moculobiT unda moicavdes saswavlo da trening-
programebi leqsikuri kompetenciis, gramatikuli kompetenciis, semantikuri kom-
petenciisa da fonologiuri kompetenciis definicias, ganxilvisa da magaliTe-
biT ilustrirebas (5.2.1.1 _ 5.2.1.4)
2. romel leqsikur elementebs iTvaliswinebs staJiori an maswavlebeli
imisaTvis, rom Semswavlelebma scadon da / an gamoiyenon (5.2.1.1)
3. romel gramatikul elementebs, klasebs (5.2.1.2), struqturebs, procesebsa
da kavSirebs, sintaqss iTvaliswinebs staJiori an maswavlebeli imisaTvis, rom
Semswavlelebma scadon da / an gamoiyenon da / an ganmarton pirveli da meore
enis gamoyeneba;
4. ra:
* semantikur kompetencias (sinonimebi, antonimebi, Targmanis ekvivalen-
turoba, a.S)
* fonologiur kompetencias (maxvili winadadebebSi, riTmi, intonacia).
* orTografiul kompetencias (sityvebis marTlwera, punqtuaciis gamoye-
neba a.S)
* orToepiul kompetenciebs (marTlweris pirobiTobis codna, leqsikoniT
sargeblobis unari a.S) (5.2.1-5.2.6)
iTvaliswinebs staJiori an maswavlebeli da swavlebis romel etapze, rom
Semswavlelebma SesZlon zrda / demonstrireba;
5. ra moculobiT unda miawodon staJiorebma da maswavleblebma TavianT
Semswavlelebs
(a) mSobliuri enis gramatika
(b) Sesaswavli enis gramatika
(g) codna maT kontrastul kavSirze;
da romeli metaena unda iqnes gamoyenebuli axsna-ganmartebaSi, staJioris,
maswavleblis an Semswavlelis mier, da unda gakeTdes Tu ara es pirvel da
meore enaSi;
6. socialuri pirobiTobis, Tavazianobis pirobiTobis, reestris sxvadas-
xvagvarobis, brZnuli xalxuri gamonaTqvamebis, dialeqtebisa da aqcentebis ro-
meli markerebiT unda daexmaron staJiorebi da maswavleblebi TavianT Semswav-
lelebs, rom maT
(a) icnon
(b) gamoiyenon (5.2.2.1-5.2.2.5);
7. metyvelebis kompetenciis romeli aspeqtebiT (winadadebebis dawyoba,
Tanamimdevrobis miRweva, saTanado stilisa da reestris gamoyeneba da a.S). unda
daexmaron staJiorebi da maswavleblebi Semswavlelebs kontrolsa da / an de-
monstrirebaSi;
8. funqcionaluri kompetenciis romeli aspeqtebiT (5.2.3.2)
* mikro funqciebi (identificireba, komentari, a.S)
* makrositairi (deskrifcia, Txroba, komentari, a.S)
* interaqciis sqemebi (socialuri interaqciis nimuSebi)
unda daexmaron staJiorebi da maswavleblebi Semswavlelebs kontrolsa
da / an demonstrirebaSi.
120
nawili 6 - enis Seswavla da enis swavleba
es nawili ganixilavs enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis procesebs da exeba
kavSirs dauflebasa da swavlas Soris, iseve, rogorc zogadi da ufro specifi-
kuri saxis meTodologiur ofciebs. momaval maswavleblebs da TviT maswavle-
blebsac sWirdebaT imis garkveva, Tu ,,rogor axerxeben Semswavlelebi Tavis
garTmevas davalebebis, aqtivobebisa da procesebisaTvis da komunikaciisaTvis
aucilebeli kompetenciebis SemuSavebas.~ swored amis codna ganapirobebs aR-
niSnuli procesebis ufro efeqtur winsvlas da gaadvilebas.
6. 1. ris swavla an daufleba uwevT Semswavlelebs?
swavla da daufleba damokidebulia im faqtorebze, romlebic dawvrile-
biT ganvixileT me-4 da me-5 TavebSi. swored am faqtorebidan gamomdinarea Rire-
buli staJiorebisa da maswavleblebis daxmareba imis dadgenaSi, Tu rogoria
Semswavlelebis miznebi, moTxovnebi, adrindeli codna, kognituri stili,
agreTve, kavSiri pirvel da Sesaswavl enas Soris. Tumca, kompetenciebi aRniS-
navs, rom dawyebiTi da saSualo skolis doneze, Znelia umcrosi asakis
Semswavlelebis profesiuli moTxovnebis ganWvreta. aqedan gamomdinare, enis
Seswavlas ufro meti gamarTleba unda hqondes. maswavleblebi da staJiorebi
principulad unda udgebodnen am gamarTlebis formulirebas da masTan da-
kavSirebuli saswavlo miznebisa da amocanebis aRweras. Tu calkeuli davale-
bebi, aqtivobebi da strategiebi ganixileba miznebad, saWiroa dadgindes krite-
riumebi, an ganisazRvros saSualebebi maT misaRwevad, agreTve, imis gasarkvevad,
Tu romeli maTgani unda iqnes Setanili an amoRebuli saswavlo programidan.
ra Tqma unda, dadgeba SemswavlelTa progresis sqematurad asaxvis aucileblo-
bac, rogorc raodenobrivi, ise xarisxobrivi TvalsazrisiT, rom Semswav-
lelebma SesZlon sakuTari kompetenciis da muSaobis Sefaseba. SesaZlebeli
gaxdeba swavlis dagegmva ufro sistemurad, detaluri, logikuri da Tanamim-
devruli standartis farglebSi.
kompetenciebis es Tavi ganixilavs saswavlo miznebs, yvela ZiriTadi sa-
kiTxis gansazRvriT, Semdgomi gaTvaliswinebisaTvis. is agreTve arkvevs, rogor
swavloben Semswavlelebi da ra saxiT SeuZliaT maswavleblebs maTi daxmareba
saswavlo procesSi. gamomdinare iqidan, rom detaluri skalireba ukve mocemu-
lia cxrilebSi 1 da 2 da me-3, me-4 TavebSi, monitoringis, Sefasebis, raportire-
bisa da Caweris dawvrilebiT ganxilvas aRar SevudgebiT. Tumca, mravalenovani
(plurilingvisturi) da mravalkulturuli (plurikulturuli) kompetenciebis
(6.1.3) profilis ganviTarebis ganxilva da ilustrireba SeiZleba sakmaod sa-
sargebloc ki aRmoCndes, Tu enis Seswavlis miznebi moicavs:
· identurobis ukeT gacnobierebas (ix. 6.1.3.1)
· davalebis Sesasruleblad saWiro strategiebis arCevanis Seqmnas
(6.1.3.2.)
· enobrivi da komunikaciuri gaTviTcnobierebulobis ganviTarebas
(6.1.3.3.)
maswavlebelTa trening-programaSi da im dagegmvaSi, romelsac maswavle-
beli axorcielebs, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba Semswavlelis kompetenciebis gan-
viTarebis mxedvelobaSi miRebas, rac ramdenadme aCqarebs (...) swavlas enobriv da
kulturul sferoebSi da `xels uwyobs enobrivi mravalferovnebisa da skolaSi
ramdenime enis swavlebis ufro metad dafasebas~. kompetenciebis Tanaxmad,
SemswavlelTa daxmarebis mTavari amocana unda iyos:
· maTi enobrivi da kulturuli identurobis Seqmna, masSi sxvadasx-
vagvarobis integraciis gziT.
121
· maTi swavlis unaris ganviTareba amave sxvadasxvagvarobis meSveobiT,
ramdenime enasa da kulturasTan mimarTebaSi~
maswavlebelTa trenerebma staJiorebTan erTad da maswavleblebma Tavi-
anT kolegebTan erTad, SeiZleba isurvon Semdegi sakiTxebis gadawyveta:
1. rogor daasabuTebdnen isini konkretul konteqstSi, ucxo enis Seswav-
lis aucileblobas (dawyebiTi an saSualo skola) da ra zogadi da specifikuri
miznebi eqnebodaT sakuTar Semswavlelebsa da saswavlo programasTan mimarTe-
baSi;
2. mravalenovnebis (plurilingvizmis) mniSvneloba enis SeswavlaSi, swav-
lebasa da SefasebaSi;
3. ra saxe unda mieces ucxo da mSobliuri enis maswavlebelTa
TanamSromlobas, SemswavlelTa mravalenovani (plurilingvuri) komunikaciuri
kompetenciis ganviTarebisaTvis.
6. 1. 4. amocanaTa cvalebadoba
aq warmodgenilia amocanaTa oTxi tipi swavlebisa da swavlis kuTxiT,
rac saWiroebs yuradRebiT ganxilvas maswavleblebisa da staJiorebis mxridan.
pirveli etapi moiazrebs zogadi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas (ix. punqti
5.1). igi SeiZleba aqcents akeTebdes `SemswavlelisaTvis deklaraciuli codnis
miwodebaze~, rac gulisxmobs `gramatikis, literaturis an mocemuli ucxo
qveynis kulturuli maxasiaTeblebis codnas~.
meore etapi ganixileba sakomunikacio enis kompetenciis ganvrcobisa da
gamravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT (ix. 5.2) misi mizani SeiZleba iyos sintaqsis,
fonetikuri sistemisa da a. S. kompetenturi gamoyeneba, an pragmatul Tu so-
ciolingvistur komponentebTan urTierToba.
amocanis mesame tipi SeiZleba ganisazRvros `erTi an ramdenime specifi-
kuri enobrivi aqtivobis ukeT Sesrulebis mixedviT~ (ix. Tavi 4.4) recefciaze,
producirebaze, interaqciaze an mediaciaze koncentrirebiT. es amocana zegav-
lenas moaxdens saswavlo davalebebis Sinaarsobriv SerCevaze, teqstis tipebis
arCevansa da seleqciaze da im gadawyvetilebebze, romelTa mixedviTac xdeba
winsvlis sturqturizeba. a. S.
meoTxe tipi SeiZleba exebodes TviT Semswavlelebs, romlebic, warmate-
biT moRvaweoben mocemul sferoSi (ix. Tavi 4.1.1). gamomdinare iqidan, rom am
tipis amocanis formulireba Sedegobrivad aisaxeba swavlebasa da swavlaze,
staJiorebs unda esmodeT, ras moicavs igi.
amocanaTa Sesasruleblad Semswavlelebi saWiroeben saTanado strategie-
bis SemuSavebas. maswavleblebisa da staJiorebisaTvis SeiZleba friad momgebi-
ani iyos strategiebis ganxilva da magaliTebis ilustrireba, msjeloba imaze,
Tu rogor SeiZleba maTi SemuSaveba da gaumjobeseba, rom swavla ufro
efeqturi da Sedegiani gaxdes.
davalebebi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes amocanebad, `romelTa Sesruleba
unda moxdes mocemuli sferos Sesabamisad~. amocanaTa davalebebis saxiT for-
mulirebas is upiratesoba gaaCnia, rom SesaZlebelia `savaraudo Sedegebis,
praqtikuli gagebiT, identificireba~. staJiorebi da maswavleblebi maleve
Seafaseben am formulirebis upiratesobas, roca SemswavlelTa moklevadiani
motivacia maTi pedagogiuri zrunvis erT-erTi sagani gaxdeba.
122
maswavlebelTa trenerebma da maswavleblebma SeiZleba gamoTqvan 6.1.4-Si
mocemul amocanaTa oTxi tipis ganxilvis survili. diskusiebma staJiorebTan da
kolegebTan, SeiZleba aqcenti gaakeTos imaze, Tu rogor asaxavs aseTi de-
finiciebi `saswavlo miznebis SesaZlo mravalferovnebas da im mravalferovne-
basac, romelsac SeiZleba wavawydeT swavlebis uzrunvelyofis mxriv~. restor-
nis mimtanis magaliTi (6.1.4.2) SesaZloa kargi dasawyisi iyos Semdegi aspeqtebis
ilustrirebisaTvis:
* koncentrireba konkretul sferoebze
* zepiri interaqcia
* komunikaciuri kompetencia aqcentiT:
_ calkeul leqsikur sferoebze
_ calkeul sociolingvistur normebze
_ savoir-être-s calkeul aspeqtebze.
diskusiebma staJiorebTan da kolegebTan SeiZleba uzrunvelyos sxva ma-
galiTebic, romlebic dagvanaxebs, Tu rogoria amocanaTa sxvadasxva tipebi maTi
gagebiT, da rogor unda moxdes maTi sistemurad da gaTviTcnobierebulad for-
mulireba.
6. 2. enis Seswavlis procesebi
kompetenciebis mizania, iyos amomwuravi, Ria, dinamiuri da aradogmaturi.
aqedan gamomdinare, igi ver miemxroba enis dauflebis Taviseburebasa da misi
enis SeswavlasTan kavSiris Sesaxeb mimdinare Teoriuli disputebis vercerT
pozicias. agreTve, igi ar asaxierebs enis swavlebasTan mimarTebaSi arsebul
arcerT konkretul midgomas. TviT kvleva ver uzrunvelyofs SexedulebaTa
konsensuss imis Taobaze, Tu rogor swavloben Semswavlelebi. Tumca, arsebuli
Teoriebi da praqtika swored maT emyareba. staJiorebis sasargeblod unda
iTqvas, rom trening-programebs moeTxovebaT im Teoriuli bazis zustad gansaz-
Rvra, romelsac efuZneba maTi praqtika; Tu adgili ar eqneba aseT gamWvir-
valeobas, staJiorebi ver SeZleben sakuTar mosazrebaTa saRad da principulad
Camoyalibebas. amasTan, mniSvnelovania, rom konkretuli trening-programis far-
glebSi, terminebi `enis daufleba~ da `enis swavla~ ganimartos Semdgomi gauge-
brobisa da araswori interpretaciis Tavidan asacileblad.
6. 2. 1. rogor swavloben Semswavlelebi?
Semswavlelebi yovelTvis ar swavloben imas, rasac aswavlian maswavle-
blebi; amasTan, isicaa gasaTvaliswinebeli, Tu rogoria aTvisebis xarisxi. Sesa-
bamisad, mniSvnelovania maswavleblebisa da staJiorebis mxridan SemswavlelTa
iseTi moTxovnis dakmayofileba, rogoricaa `arsebiTad konteqsturi da gasagebi
enis miwodeba da enis interaqtiuli gamoyenebisaTvis SesaZleblobaTa uzrun-
velyofa~. dagegmvis procesSi, saWiroa imis gacnobierebac, rom `swavlas aad-
vilebs, gansakuTrebiT, xelovnur saklaso pirobebSi, gacnobierebulad swav-
lisa da sakmarisi praqtikis kombinireba, radgan mcirdeba an saerTod aRar
eqceva yuradReba wera-kiTxvis sust unarebs da morfologiur da sintaqsur si-
zustes. samagierod, gonebaSi meti adgili rCeba ufro maRali donis sakomuni-
kacio strategiebisaTvis~.
mkiTxvelebma SeiZleba isurvon imis ganxilva, Tu rogor SeiZleba am yve-
lafris miRweva saswavlo / trening-programis farglebSi, ra saxis SesaZle-
blobebi unda Seiqmnas saklaso oTxSi da mis farglebs gareT, da konkretulad
ra igulisxmeba fizikur unarebSi...?
6. 3. ramdenime meTodologiuri ofcia Tanamedrove enis Seswavlisa
da swavlebisaTvis.
mravali welia, evropis sabWo, `xels uwyobs SemswavlelTa sakomunikacio
moTxovnebze dafuZnebul midgomas da im masalebisa da meTodebis gamoyenebas,
romlebic Semswavlelebs am moTxovnaTa dakmayofilebis saSualebas miscems~.
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Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom es ar aris romelime konkretuli enis swavlebis me-
Todologiis xelSewyoba; yoveli momxmarebeli _ am SemTxvevaSi, maswavleblebi
da maswavlebelTa trenerebi _ Tavad gansazRvraven sakuTar meTodologiasa da
amocanebs.
6. 3. 1. zogadi midgomebi
maswavleblebs, Cveulebriv, moeTxovebaT saxelmZRvaneloebisa da enis av-
Tentur gamoyenebasTan mimarTebis uzrunvelyofa, specialuri davalebebisa da
sakurso masalebis damuSaveba, testebis Sedgena da administrireba, gadawy-
vetilebaTa miReba saklaso aqtivobebis Sesaxeb da SemswavlelTa saswavlo
procesebSi garkveva.
aseTi praqtikis gaTavaliswinebamde, urigo ar iqneba, maswavleblebma gan-
sazRvron, savaraudod rogor iswavlian Semswavlelebi meore an ucxo enas.
kompetenciebi aqve gvawvdis sasargeblo sakontrolo furcels.
Semswavlelebi, romlebzec pasuxs agebT, savaraudod rogor iswavlian
ucxo enas:
a) meore enis avTentikur gamoyenebasTan mimarTebiT;
b) SerCeul teqstTan (zepiri an werilobiTi) uSualo kavSiriT;
g) avTentur sakomunikacio interaqciaSi uSualo monawileobiT;
d) meore enaze specialurad SemuSavebul davalebebTan uSualo
mimarTebiT;
e) TviTSeswavliT;
v) prezentaciiT, axsna-ganmartebiT, varjiSiTa da gamoyenebiT, pirveli
enis
mciredi daxmarebiT;
z) prezentaciiT, axsna-ganmartebiT, varjiSiTa da gamoyenebiT,
eqskluziurad meore enaze;
T) zemoxsenebuli aspeqtebidan ramdenimes gamoyenebiT, pirveli enis
gamoyenebis SemcirebiTa da TviTSeswavlis moculobrivi gazrdiT;
i) zemoxsenebuli aspeqtebis kombinirebiT jgufur da individualur
dagegmvasTan, individualuri moTxovnebidan gamomdinare-molaparakebiT,
maswavleblis mxardaWeriT, a. S.
es nusxa saTanadod ver afasebs imas, rac mocemulia 6.4.1-Si. Tumca, iwyebs
mniSvnelovani SekiTxvebis dasmas, maTze gacemuli pasuxebiT moxdeba pedagogi-
uri praqtikis gansazRvra.
saerTod, savaraudoa, rom Semswavlelebi iswavlian / daeuflebian meore
enas:
a) meore enis avTentikur gamoyenebasTan uSualo mimarTebiT;
b) specialurad SerCeul sasaubro frazebTan da teqstebTan uSualo
kavSiriT;
g) iseT SinaarsTan kavSiriT an im aqtivobebSi monawileobiT, romlebic
gamomdinareobs individualuri moTxovnebidan.
mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba gauCndeT imis ganxilvis survili, ru rogor unda
daexmaron staJiorebs, an maT, rogorc maswavleblebma:
1. rogor unda moamzadon saklaso aqtivobebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs:
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_ enis da meore enaze specialurad SerCeuli sasaubro frazebisa da wer-
ilobiTi teqstebis avTentikur gamoyenebas.
2. rogor unda SearCion, miusadagon, Seadginon, daawyon da waradginon
teqstebi, da romeli principebis mixedviT?
3. rogor unda miaRwion fleqsiurobas gakveTilis dagegmvisas ise, rom
igi miesadagebodes moswavleebs:
4. rogor unda gansazRvron da gaanalizon is saswavlo problemebi, ro-
melTac awydebian individebi, da rogor unda SeimuSaon saswavlo strategiebi
individebTan misadagebiT?
rogorc ukve iTqva, zogierTi saklaso aqtivoba SeiZleba warmoadgendes
prezentaciebis, axsna-ganmartebebis, savarjiSoebisa da gamoyenebiTi aqtivobebis
kombinacias, romelTa Sesruleba xdeba mxolod meore enaze. arsebobs aqtivobe-
bis sxva msgavsi kombinaciac, magram am SemTxvevaSi, klasis gaZRola, axsna-
ganmarteba da a. S. xdeba pirvel enaze.
Tqven, rogorc maswavlebeli an maswavlebelTa treneri, Tu ganixilavT:
1. ra keTdeba ufro adekvaturad pirvel / meore enaze?
2. rogor unda CamoayaliboT miTiTebebi, axsna-ganmarteba, rubrikebi da
rogor unda moxerxdes meore enis efeqturad gamoyeneba saklaso oTaxis far-
glebSi?
6. 4. 2. maswavleblebis, Semswavlelebis da saSualebebis roli
yovel maswavlebelsa da Semswavlels sakuTari roli da pasuxismgebloba
aqvs saswavlo procesSi. maswavleblebi Rebuloben gadawyvetilebebs saklaso
drois gankargvasTan dakavSirebiT. imavdroulad, isini erTgvar magaliTs war-
moadgenen SemswavlelebisaTvis gamomdinare iqidan, rom moqmedebebi asaxavs maT
midgomebsa da mrwamss. Semswavlelebs moeTxovebaT garkveul farglebSi mo-
qmedeba; zogjer, isini maswavleblebTan erTad muSaoben da zogjer _ Tana-
tolebTan, rig SemTxvevebSi _ damoukideblad. saswavlo saSualebebi sxvadasxva
saxiT gamoiyeneba. gamoyenebis yoveli SemTxveva gadawyvetilebaTa Sedegia maSi-
nac ki, roca isini zRudavs calkeuli resursebiT sargeblobas.
Tqveni, rogorc maswavleblis, dagegmva an trening-programa, ganmartavs
Tu ara im sxvadasxvagvar rolebs, romelTa Sesrulebac uwevs maswavlebels,
roca Semswavlelebs rTavs sxvadasxva saxis aqtivobebSi? ramdenad gasagebia
SemswavlelebisaTvis is, rac moeTxovebaT? ra saxiT da ra daniSnulebiT xdeba
saswavlo saSualebebis gamoyeneba?
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6. 4. 3. teqstebis gamoyeneba
sasaubro da werilobiTi teqstebi SeiZleba sxvadasxva formiT Segvxvdes;
isini SeiZleba iyos avTentikuri, an specialurad Sedgenili, enis swavlebaSi
gamosayeneblad. teqstebis gamoyenebac sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba. Semswavlelebs
SeuZliaT maTi Sedgenac da damuSavebac.
Tqven an Tqvens staJiorebs gagaCniaT kriteriumebi:
1. sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis SesarCevad?
2. saxelmZRvaneloebisa da masalebis gasaanalizeblad?
3. sakuTari teqstebis adaptirebisa da SedgenisaTvis?
4. imis gansazRvrisaTvis, Tu rogor unda gamoexmauron Semswavlelebi ama
Tu im tipis teqstebs, da rogor unda ganiviTaron mosmenisa da kiTxvis
sxvadasxva stili?
5. rom iyoT fleqsiuri gakveTilis dagegmvisas, moswavleTa pasuxebTan
adaptirebis mizniT?
6. 4. 4. davalebebiTa da aqtivobebiT swavla
saWiroa gadawyvetilebebis miReba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda
moxdes swavla davalebebiTa da aqtivobebiT. maswavleblebi sazRvraven, sak-
marisa Tu ara ubralod monawileoba, Tu saWiroa garkveuli urTierToba winas-
war dagegmvasTan an davalebis Semdgom analizirebasa da SefasebasTan; agreTve,
Rebuloben gadawyvetilebas, Tu ramdenad aucilebelia ufro metad gaTviTcno-
biereba `davalebis miznebis, xasiaTisa da struqturis, monawileTa rolebisadmi
wayenebuli moTxovnebis da a.S~ mxriv. maswavleblebs SeuZliaT SearCion da-
valebebi, calkeuli strategiebis moqmedebis xelSewyobisaTvis, mimarTon
xerxebs cnobierebis asamaRleblad, an moiTxovon Semswavlelebisagan, zusti
strategiuli procedurebis midevna.
ganixilavT Tu ara, ra adgili unda daeTmos aqtivobebs, davalebebsa da
strategiebs enis swavlebaSi / saswavlo programaSi?
6. 4. 6. zogadi kompetenciebi
zogadi kompetenciebi (ix. Tavi 5.1) moicavs codnas samyaros Sesaxeb, so-
ciokulturul codnasa da kulturaTaSoris unarebs, egzistencialur kompe-
tencias da mecadineobis unarebs. saWiroa maTi erTgvarad gamokveTa, rom moxdes
maTi ucxo enis SeswavlaSi, iseve rogorc kurikulumiT gaTvaliswinebul sxva
saxis swavlaSi, ganviTarebis koordinireba. aseve, unda dazustdes midgoma maT
ganviTarebasTan mimarTebaSi.
Tqveni trening / saswavlo programa iTvaliswinebs SemswavlelTa zogadi
kompetenciebis ganviTarebis gzebs?
maswavleblebs:
rogor uzrunvelyofT saTanado zogadi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas?
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
uzrunvelyofs Tqveni programa staJiorTa zogadi kompetenciebis Semdgom
ganviTarebas? ra mxriv aris es saWiro?
6. 4. 6. 5. mecadineobis unarebi da swavlis swavla
moswavleebs / studentebs, rogorc enis damoukidebeli pasuxismgebeli
Semswavlelebis, ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, albaT saswavlo programis erT-erTi
yvelaze ufro fundamenturi aspeqtia. igive iTqmis trening-programazec. im
126
unaris ganviTareba, rasac swavla ewodeba, staJiorebsa da SemswavlelebSi erT-
droulad SeiZleba. mTeli rigi meTodologiuri ofciebi, gaTviTcnobierebulo-
bis zrda da pasuxismgeblobis gadatana SeiZleba integrirebul iqnes maswavle-
blebisa da staJiorebis mier sakuTar swavlasTan mimarTebaSi SemuSavebul em-
piriul midgomaSi. saWiro iqneba aseTi midgomebis dokumentis saxiT gaformeba
da Sefaseba, rom moxdes Sedareba da yvelaze ufro efeqturi modelis ganvi-
Tareba.
rogor uwyobT xels SemswavlelebSi damoukideblad Seswavlis ganvi-
Tarebas?
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
ra saxiT exmarebiT staJiorebs enis damoukideblad Seswavlis ganviTare-
baSi?
iyenebT Tu ara gamocdilebaze dafuZnebul midgomas Tqveni trening-
programis farglebSi?
6. 4. 6. 6. avtonomiuri swavla
Aavtonomiuri swavla swavlebis saboloo mizani unda iyos:
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
Tqveni trening-programa exmareba staJiorebs imis garkvevaSi, Tu rogor
unda aswavlon Semswavlelebs swavla proeqciulad da ara reaqciulad:
1. xelmisawvdom ofciebSi gaTviTcnobierebis gazrdiT?
2. SemswavlelTa daxmarebiT, rom maT SesZlon gakeTebuli arCevanis gark-
veviT formulireba? Tqven SeiZleba isurvoT imis ganxilva, Tu ra meTodebisa
da xerxebis gamoyenebaa saWiro, rom daexmaroT staJiorebs sakuTar strate-
giebSi gaTviTcnobierebasa da maT Semdgom ganviTarebaSi, sanam isini SesZleben
msgavsi gaTviTcnobierebulobis ganviTarebas sakuTar SemswavlelebSi.
maswavleblebs:
ra saxiT exmarebiT Semswavlelebs imisaTvis, rom iswavlon swavla?
6. 4. 7. enobrivi kompetenciebi
Eenobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTareba enis Seswavlis arsia. igi aqcents
akeTebs sxvadasxva aspeqtebze:
6. 4. 7. 1. leqsikuri maragis aTviseba
Tqveni trening-saswavlo programa aviTarebs Semswavlelis strategiebs
leqsikuri maragis asaTviseblad?
efuZneba igi saklaso oTaxis farglebSi Catarebul raime saxis kvleviT
Sedegebs?
6. 4. 7. 4. gramatikuli kompetencia
trening-programebsa da swavlebaSi yuradReba unda mieqces, gansakuTre-
biT, gakveTilebis dagegmvisas (zogierTi) gramatikuli kategoriis maRal `sako-
munikacio Sedegs~. staJiorebma da maswavleblebma unda gadawyviton:
1. maT, rogorc maswavleblebs, romel gramatikul elementze surT kon-
centrireba da romelze unda gaakeTon SedarebiT naklebi aqcenti?
2. ra kavSiria gramatikul winsvlasa da komunikaciuri kompetenciis
ganviTarebas Soris. magaliTad, germanulis SemswavlelebSi warsul droze sau-
127
bris unaris ganviTarebis dayovnebam, sanam ar moxdeba Zlieri zmnebis for-
maluri kompleqsurobis swavleba;
3. ra roli SeiZleba Seasrulon kontrastulma faqtorebma saswavlo
programaSi - magaliTad, barierebi, romelsac awydeba inglisurenovani Semswav-
leli germanulis Seswavlisas:
4. raSi mdgomareobs (enis Seswavlis) sirTule; aris Tu ara zogierTi
enis / gramatikuli Taviseburebani Tavisi arsiT ufro rTuli sxvebTan Sedare-
biT, da romelia ZiriTadi.
5. Semswavlelebs gramatikuli kompetenciis ganviTareba induqciurad
moeTxovebaT, Tu deduqciurad.
6. romeli formaluri savarjiSoebi (6.4.7.8) unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.
Tqveni treningi / saswavlo programa:
1. iTvaliswinebs, rogor SeiZleba SemswavlelTa gramatikuli kompe-
tenciis xelSewyoba?
2. ganixilavs da afasebs kontrastuli gramatikis rols?
3. ganixilavs gramatikuli terminologiis sakiTxs da imas, rac SeiZleba
Tanamedrove enis maswavleblebisa da SemswavlelebisaTvis warmoadgendes zogad
arss?
6. 4. 7. 9. gamoTqma
Tqveni treningi / saswavlo programa:
1. afasebs, rogor unda moxdes SemswavlelTa daxmareba, rom maT ganivi-
Taron Sesaswavl enaze gamoTqmis unari?
2. moicavs trenings mosmenaSi da fonetikur varjiSs?
3. moicavs sxvadasxva asakis SemswavlelTa zedmiwevniT trenings?
zogierTi treningi ufro efeqturi xom ar aris adreul asakSi an piriqiT, _
mowifulobisas?
6. 4. 7. 10. orTografia
trening / saswavlo programa Tu ikvlevs da ganixilavs magaliTebis moy-
vaniT:
1. ra saxiT SeiZleba SemswavlelTa daxmareba, rom maT aiTvison (moce-
muli) enebis weris sistema, swrafi weris CaTvliT?
2. im problemebs, romlebsac Semswavlelebi awydebian (mocemuli) enebis
orTografiaSi?
3. rogor unda moxdes daxsomebis ganviTareba?
6. 4. 8. sociolingvisturi kompetencia
saswavlo da trening-programebi unda moicavdes teqstebs, romlebic Ser-
Ceuli an Sedgenilia or sazogadoebas Soris arsebuli sociolingvisturi kon-
trastebis saCveneblad.
trening-programebi SeiZleba aseve akeTebdes aqcents da ganixilavdes:
1. aRniSvnisa da Semdgomi analizis magaliTebs;
2. sxvadasxva midgomebs sociokulturuli komponentebis zedmiwevniT
swavlebaSi.
maswavleblebs da maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
eTanxmebiT, rom aseTi diskusia sargebels moutans Semswavlelebs, Tu igi
gadadebul unda iqnes maTi profesiuli momzadebis treningamde?
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6. 4. 9. pragmatuli kompetenciebi
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
eTanxmebiT, rom trening-programis farglebSi, kargi iqneba, staJiorebs
vTxovoT metyvelebis struqturis kompleqsurobis gaanalizeba, rom maT
SesZlon SemswavlelTa daxmareba pragmatuli kompetenciebis ganviTarebaSi?
maswavleblebs:
Tqven, rogorc praqtikosi maswavleblebi, exmarebiT Semswavlelebs prag-
matuli kompetenciebis ganviTarebaSi?
6. 5. Secdomebi
Tqven SeiZleba isurvoT imis ganxilva, Seadgens Tu ara Semswavlelis
SecdomebTan mimarTebaSi (6.5.1 da 6.5.2) arsebul midgomebze, an sapasuxo qmede-
baze diskusia, trening-programis nawils (6.5.3)
maswavleblebs:
rogoria QTqveni midgoma da pasuxi SemswavlelTa Secdomebze?
nawili 7 _ davalebebi da maTi roli enis swavlebaSi
7. 1. davalebis aRwera
kompetenciebi mniSvnelovnad ganasxvavebs davalebaTa sam kategorias,
romlebSic enis Semswavlelebi aerTianeben:
1. cxovrebiseul, miznobriv da gameorebaze orientirebul davalebebs,
romlebic SerCeulia SemswavlelTa moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, saklaso oTaxis
an saswavlo garemos farglebs gareT.
2. sakomunikacio, pedagogiur davalebebs, romlebic saTaves iRebs saklaso
oTaxis socialuri da interaqtiuli bunebidan da uSualobidan, sadac Semswav-
lelebi xalisiT Tanxmdebian urwmunoebis droebiT ukugdebas da Sesaswavli
enis gamoyenebas. aseTi sakomunikacio pedagogiuri davalebebis Sedegebi iden-
tificirebadia.
3. winasakomunikacio pedagogiur davalebebs, romlebic warmoadgens
savarjiSoebs konteqstisagan specialurad daclili formebis gamoyenebaze.
Tqveni trening / saswavlo programa cdilobs davalebaTa kategoriebis
gansazRvras?
mkiTxvelebma SeiZleba isurvon Semdegi aspeqtebis ganxilva:
1. ramdenad gamosadegia davalebaTa funqciisa da xasiaTis wvdoma gak-
veTilebis, swavlis Sedegebisa da / an individualurad gamosayenebeli saswavlo
paketebis dagegmvisas;
2. ra saxiT unda ganumarton maswavleblebma da staJiorebma davalebis
sxvadasxva kategoriaTa daniSnuleba Semswavlelebs;
3. rogor unda moxdes efeqturi balansis miRweva Tavisuflad flobasa /
sizustes da Sinaarss / formas Soris.
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7. 2. davalebis Sesruleba: kompetenciebi, davaleba, pirobebi da
SezRudvebi, strategiebi
Semswavlelebs gaaCniaT mravalgvari kompetencia da Sepirispireba uwevT
davalebasTan dakavSirebul sxvadasxva pirobebTan da SezRudvebTan.
Tqveni trening / saswavlo programa eZiebs gzebs:
1. SemswavlelebSi saTanado unarebis da / an codnis aqtivizebisaTvis, rac
gazrdis maT mier davalebaTa warmatebiT Sesrulebis albaTobas?
2. gagebaze, interaqciasa da producirebaze orientirebuli davalebebis
gamartivebis an garTulebisaTvis?
3. Semswavlelebis ufro metad gaTviTcnobierebisaTvis sxvadasxva
strategiebSi, rac daexmareba maT sxvadasxva davalebebis SesrulebaSi?
7. 3. davalebis sirTule
davalebis sirTule aris kompleqsuri kavSiri Semswavlelis kompeten-
ciebsa da Taviseburebebs, agreTve, TviT davalebebis bunebasa da im pirobebs
Soris, romelTa farglebSic sruldeba isini. Tanac, sirTule ar eqvemdebareba
utyuar prognozirebas.
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
Tqveni trening-programebi exmareba staJiorebs:
1. davalebis sirTulis kompleqsurobis gagebaSi?
2. SemswavlelTa dasaxmareblad, davalebis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis,
yuradRebiT dagegmili mosamzadebeli fazis gamoyenebiT?
3. kriteriumebis SemuSavebaSi, rom maT SesZlon davalebis sirTulis
xarisxis modificireba?
4. diferencirebuli davalebebis dagegmvaSi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs:
I) SemswavlelTa kognitur maxasiaTeblebs:
a) davalebis tipi, Tema, teqstis tipi, saWiro ganaTleba, a. S. da is, Tu
ramdenad nacnobia es yvelaferi SemswavlelisaTvis
b) SemswavlelTa unarebi: organizatoruli, pirovnebaTaSoris, kultura-
TaSoris a. S.
g) Semswavlelis unari _ imoqmedos, konkretulad da ganyenebulad, a. S.
II) SemswavlelTa efeqtur maxasiaTeblebs, iseTi davalebebis SedgeniT,
romlebic iTvaliswinebs Semswavlelis TviTSefasebas, CarTulobas, motivacias,
fizikur da emociur mdgradobas, midgomebs
III) enobriv moTxovnebs, enis kompleqsurobas, teqstis tipebs,
prezentacias, teqstis sigrZes, SemswavlelTan Sesabamisobas, saWiro pasuxis
tips.
IV) mxardaWeris arseboba-ararsebobas: enobrivi daxmarebis SesaZlebloba,
konteqstuuri Taviseburebani, davalebebis gameoreba, kvleva-ZiebiTi samuSaoebi,
Sesabamisi modelebi da sxvebis Tanadgoma
V) SemswavlelTa gankargulebaSi arsebul dros.
VI) davalebis miznis Taviseburebas: davalebis Sedegebi, romlebic
moiTxovs ganxilvas im Sedegebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebic amas ar saWiroebs.
VII) prognozirebadobis da / an moulodnelobis arseboba-ararsebobas
VIII) fizikur kondiciebs: xmauris foni, studiaSi Cawera, bunebrivi garemo
130
IX) monawileTa Taviseburebebs: gundur muSaobaSi monawile, TanamgrZnobi
Tanamosaubreebi, metyvelebis cvalebadi siCqare da Tanamimdevruloba
X) xelSewyobas davalebis Sesasruleblad: miTiTebebis arseboba /
ararseboba, romlebic sakmaris, kompleqsuri da aragarTulebulia, davalebebi,
romlebic unda Sesruldes sxvebTan erTad an damoukideblad
XI) teqstis maxasiaTeblebs _ enobrivi kompleqsuroba, teqstis tipi, mety-
velebis struqtura, fizikuri prezentacia, sigrZe, SemswavlelTan Sesabamisoba
XII )saWiro pasuxis tips
maswavleblebs:
ramdenad aris zemoTqmuli asaxuli Tqvens saswavlo programaSi?
nawili 8 _ enobrivi mravalferovneba da kurikulumi
es Tavi ganixilavs enobrivi mravalferovnebis mniSvnelobas kurikulumis
Sedgenisas da exeba iseT sakiTxebs, rogorica: mravalenovneba (multilingvizmi)
da mravalkulturuloba (multikulturuloba); gansxvavebuli saswavlo amo-
canebi; kurikulumis Sedgenis principebi; kurikulumis scenari; enis swavlis
uwyvetoba; modularuloba da nawilobrivi kompetenciebi.
kurikulumebis mizania mravalenovani (multilingvuri) da mravalkultu-
ruli (multikulturuli) kompetenciebis ganviTareba. es kompetenciebi SeiZleba
gansxvavdebodes Seswavlili enebis mixedviT da savsebiT marTebulad, erT enaSi
SeiZleba aqcenti keTdebodes kulturuli kompetenciebis ganviTarebaze, xolo
meoreSi _ metwilad, enobriv kompetenciebze. Kkurikulumis Sedgena moicavs ar-
Cevans saswavlo amocanebis tipebsa da doneebs Soris, swavlebis gansxvavebuli
konteqstis farglebSi.
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
Tqveni trening-programa iTvaliswinebs kurikulumis miznebsa da amo-
canebs da mis Sedgenas? migaCniaT Tu ara, rom aseTi diskusia profesiuli ga-
naTlebis mniSvnelovani elementia, Tu is exeba mxolod kvalifikaciis asamaR-
lebel programas? Tu igi orives exeba, romeli sakiTxebi unda ganixilebodes
profesiul momzadebaSi?
8. 1. kurikulumis sxvadasxva scenarebi
kompetenciebSi mocemuli ori magaliTi exeba dawyebiT, sabazo da saSu-
alo skolebs.
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
Tqveni saswavlo programa iTvaliswinebs kurikulumis Sedgenas? ganixi-
lavs igi dawyebiTi da saSualo fazebis urTierTkavSirs erovnuli sistemis
farglebSi? Tqvens staJiorebs, romlebic trenings gadian dawyebiTi skolisaT-
vis, unda gaaCndeT Tu ara codna da / an gamocdileba saSualo skolasTan mi-
marTebaSi, da piriqiT?
maswavleblebs:
Tqveni kurikulumi da misi dagegmva iTvaliswinebs dawyebiTi da saSualo
fazebis urTierTkavSirs erovnuli sistemis farglebSi? romeli elementi
muSaobs Tqvenda sasargeblod da an romelTa Semdgomi ganviTarebaa SesaZle-
beli mocemul fazaze?
131
1. 2. Sefaseba da skola, swavla skolis Semdgom da
skolis farglebs gareT
kompetenciebi emxroba im mosazrebas, rom `skolis kurikulumi unda
ganixilebodes ufro farTo kurikulumis nawilad~ da is unda sTavazobdes
Semswavlelebs `sxvadasxva mravalenovan (plurilingvur) da mravalkulturul
(plurikulturul) repertuars (...) da ufro met gaTviTcnobierebulobas, cod-
nasa da rwmenas sakuTar kompetenciebsa da SesaZleblobebSi..~ ELP-is ganviTare-
biT SesaZlebelia individis enobrivi profilisa da enobrivi eqskursis ofi-
cialurad cnoba.
Tqveni trening / saswavlo programa exeba da / an iyenebs ELP-is? Tqven da
Tqveni staJiorebi, eqsperimentis saxiT, axdenT SemswavlelTa enobrivi ga-
mocdilebis am tipis portfolioSi Caweras, oficialuri aRiarebisaTvis?
nawili 9 _ Sefaseba
mecxre nawili ganixilavs Sefasebis sxvadasxva daniSnulebas da Sefase-
bis Sesabamis tipebs im saWiroebis gadmosaxedidan, rac gulisxmobs yovlismom-
cvelobis, sizustisa da operatiuli Sesrulebadobis kriteriumebis erTmaneT-
Tan misadagebas.
kompetenciebis es Tavi Sefasebas ganixilavs `enis momxmareblis codnis
Sefasebis~ TvalsazrisiT. is exeba gadawyvetilebaTa validurobas, saimedoobasa
da sizustes (9.1) AagreTve imas, Tu ra fasdeba, rogor xdeba Sesrulebis inter-
pretireba da Sedareba. ar ivaraudeba, rom maswavleblis Sefaseba xarisxo-
brivad Camouvardeba sajaro gamocdebis Sefasebas, SesaZlebelia orive maTganis
misadageba zogadi kompetenciebis doneebTan, kompetenciebis farglebSi.
9. 2. 2. kriteriumebi saswavlo amocanaTa misaRwevad
ganvixilavT ra Sefasebas, urigo ar iqneba, gavarkvioT, ra mizans
emsaxureba igi. Tu maswavlebels an Semswavlels surs miiRos saswavlo kursis
farglebSi Semswavlelis enobrivi unarebis formirebis detaluri suraTi, am
mizniT xdeba me-4 TavSi mocemuli sakomunikacio aqtivobobebis deskriptorebis
(9.2.2.1) gamoyeneba. Tu, meore mxriv, iTxoven, kvalificiurobis diagnostikur
profils, saWiroa iseTi deskriptorebis gamoyeneba, romlebic warmoadgens,
`saerTo standarts mocemuli jgufis SemfasebelTaTvis~. am SemTxvevaSi, friad
gamosadegi iqneba codnis aspeqtebis deskriptorebis gamoyeneba, romlebic
ukavSirdeba me-5 TavSi detalurad aRweril calkeul komponentebs (9.2.2.2.).
9. 3. Sefasebis tipebi
Sefasebis praqtikuli sistemebi ramdenime gansxvavebul formas iZens kom-
petenciebi aRnusxavs camet tips:
1. miRweva-codna
2. normebis standarti (NR) _ kriteriumebis standarti (CT)
132
3. swavla daxelovnebisaTvis CR _ kontinuumi CR
4. uwyveti Sefaseba _ fiqsirebuli punqtis Sefaseba
5. formaciuli _ Semajamebeli
6. pirdapiri _ iribi
7. Sesruleba _ codna
8. subieqturi _ obieqturi
9. reitingi skalaze _ reitingi sakontrolo furcelze
10. STabeWdileba _ marTuli gansja
11. holisturi _ analitikuri
12. seriebi _ kategoria
13. sxvaTa Sefaseba _ TviTSefaseba
maswavlebelTa trenerebs:
mocemulia ra is sistema da konteqsti, risTvisac iqmneba Tqveni trening-
programa, SesaZlebelia moisurvoT Semdegis ganxilva:
1. Tqveni konkretuli konteqstis da sistemis farglebSi, Sefasebis
romeli tipi miesadageba SemswavlelTa moTxovnebs:
2. rogor unda davexmaroT staJiorebs, rom isini gaecnon Sefasebis aR-
niSnul tipebs;
3. rogor SevuqmnaT staJiorebs pirobebi Sefasebis saTanado tipebis
praqtikulad gamoyenebisaTvis, mTeli rigi xerxebis gamokvlevisaTvis, da Ti-
Toeulis SemTxvevaSi swavlebaze `Tanamdevi~ efeqtis SefasebisaTvis.
Tqven SeiZleba aseve isurvoT, staJiorebTan zogadad ganixiloT:
4. Tu rogor unda Sefasdes sakomunikacio Sesruleba da enobrivi codna;
5. ramdenad SesaZlebelia, Sefaseba iyos mastimulirebeli faqtori
swavlasa da swavlebaSi;
6. rogor unda moxdes Sefasebis sxvadasxva xerxebis gamoyeneba da
Sedegebis interpretireba;
7. rogor, sad da ra mizniT unda moxdes uwyveti Sefasebis / fiqsirebul
punqtze Sefasebis gamoyeneba;
8. rogor unda moxdes SemswavlelTa CarTva SefasebaSi da rogor
unda gaewioT maT daxmareba sakuTari codnisa da swavlis SefasebisaTvis.
maswavleblebi:
zemoxsenebuli sakiTxebidan, romelia TqvenTvis mniSvnelovani?
9. 4. Sefaseba da enis codnis amsaxveli skalebi
kompetenciebis danarTebSi mocemulia `skalebi im davalebebisaTvis,
romelTa Sesrulebac SeuZliaT Semswavlelebs. magaliTad, sakomunikacio
aqtivobebSi aseTi skalebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes miznis miRwevis
profilis gansazRvrisaTvis, konkretul adamianebTan, jgufebTan an modulTan
mimarTebaSi~. deskriptorebis skalebis gamoyeneba, calkeuli Sesrulebis
(perfomansebis) subieqtur reitings met saimedoobas aniWebs.
maswavlebelTa trenerebs: Tqveni trening-programa iTvaliswinebs da magaliTebis meSveobiT axdens
skalebis ilustrirebas sakomunikacio aqtivobebisaTvis? arsebobs Tqvens sistemaSi Tanamimdevruli standarti, romelsac unda icnobdnen staJiorebi? eZlevaT Tu ara Tqvens staJiorebs deskriptorebis skalebis gamoyenebisa da imis Sefasebis SesaZlebloba, Tu ramdenad advili / rTulia maTi gamoyeneba? kompetenciebis danarTSi mocemuli romeli skalebis gamoyenebas SesZlebdnen Tqveni staJiorebi?
133
Tqveni trening-programa iTvaliswinebs skalebis Seqmnis sxvadasxva gzebs, da imas, Tu raSi mdgomareobs arsebuli skalebis miRebis an individualuri sistemebis ganviTarebis upiratesoba / naklovaneba?
Tqveni trening-programa exmareba staJiorebs SemswavlelTa progresis ganxilvasa da SefasebaSi?
maswavleblebs: iyenebT skalebs sakomunikacio aqtivobebisaTvis? ramdenad advilia /
ramdenad rTulia maTi gamoyeneba? kompetenciebis danarTSi mocemuli skalebidan, romlis gamoyeneba SegiZliaT? gifiqriaT skalebis Seqmnis sxvadasxva gzebze da arsebuli skalebis miRebis an individualuri sistemis ganviTarebis upiratesobaze / naklovanebebze?
ganixilavT da afasebT SemswavlelTa progress?
samuSao furclebi
samuSao furceli 1-a _ rogor iyenebT sakuTar enas
am cxrilis pirvel svetSi CamoTvlilia komunikaciis Svidi gansxvavebuli aspeqti.
meore sveti gvaZlevs erT sakomunikacio aqtSi CarTuli Svidive aspeqtis ma-
galiTs, _ ufros maswavlebels vuxsniT, rogor Catyda fanjara. SeavseT yvela
danarCeni sveti sxvadasxva konteqstebis mixedviT. zogierTi ujra Sevsebulia,
Tqveni arCevanis SezRudvis mizniT! amitom, TiToeul svetTan mimarTebaSi, aRniS-
neT, ra tipis enobrivi cvlileba iqneboda gamoyenebuli.
konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2 konteqsti 3 konteqsti 4
sad? skola
Tqveni roli? moswavle momxmarebeli
Tanamosaubre?
adamiani, ro-
melsac esau-
brebiT)
ufrosi mas-
wavlebeli
ras akeTebT? axsna-ganmateba nebarTvis
Txovna
ris gamo? Camtvreva
konmunikaciaSi
monawileoba
interaqtiuli mediacia (ma-
galiTad
Setyobineba)
saSualeba ? sasaubro
cvlilebebi enaSi
konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2 konteqsti 3 konteqsti 4
samuSao furceli 1b _ rogor iyenebT axal enas
es samuSao furceli, ZiriTadad, samuSao furceli 1-is msgavsia. meore da mesame
svetebs avsebT or sakomunikacio aqtSi monawile sxvadasxva aspeqtebiT, radgan mi-
gaCniaT, rom SegiZliaT maTi Sesruleba axal enaze. TiToeuli sveti SeavseT
sxvadasxva konteqstebis mixedviT. Semdeg TiToeul svetTan mimarTebaSi, aRniSneT:
(i) ris gakeTeba SegiZliaT da (ii) ra saxis problemebi SeiZleba gqonodaT.
konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2
sad?
Tqveni roli?
Tanamosaubre?
ras akeTebT?
ris gamo?
134
komunikaciaSi
monawileoba
saSualeba?
ras akeTebT SedarebiT advilad
konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2
problemebi, romlebic, Tqveni azriT SegeqmnebaT enasTan mimarTebaSi
rogor gaarTmevdiT problemebs Tavs axlave
konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2
samuSao furceli 1-g _ rogor RebulobT daxmarebas axal enaSi da
rogor saubrobT enis Sesaxeb.
es samuSao furcelic samuSao furceli 1-is msgavsia, amjerad orive sveti ukve
Sevsebulia TqvenTvis, TiToeul svetTan mimarTebaSi, aRniSneT (i) ukve ramdeni ram
SegiZliaT gaakeToT axal enaze (ii) rogor fiqrobT, ris swavla gWirdebaT.
konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2
sad? saklaso oTaxi saklaso oTaxi
Tqveni roli? Semswavleli Semswavleli
Tanamosaubre? maswavlebeli (an sxva
Semswavleli)
maswavlebeli (an sxva
Semswavleli)
ras akeTebT? daxmarebis Txovna
(rogoricaa, SekiTxva
ramis mniSvnelobis
gasagebad)
enis ganxilva
ris gamo? Tqvens mier enis gamo-
yeneba
enis formebi (winadade-
bebi, arsebiTi saxelebi
da zmnebi, a.S)
komunikaciaSi
monawileoba
interaqtiuli interaqtiuli
saSualeba sasaubro (an werilobiTi) sasaubro (an werilobiTi)
ris gakeTeba SegiZliaT advilad
konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2
ris swavla dagWirdebaT
konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2
rogor gaarTmevT Tavs problemas axlave
konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2
135
samuSao furceli 2a
nawili 1: Tqveni unari zogadi codnis gamoyenebisa kiTxvis dros
gadaxedeT gazeTs an Jurnals, romelic es-esaa iyideT.
_ airCieT sakiTxi, romelic jer ar wagikiTxavT, magram romelsac met-
naklebad icnobT.
_ is, rac iciT am sakiTxis irgvliv, winaswar CamowereT.
_ ecadeT gonebaSi SeqmnaT erTgvari monaxazi, Tu ras exeba es statia.
_ waikiTxeT statia, rom darwmundeT, swori xarT Tu ara.
nawili 2: Tqveni unari zogadi codnis gamoyenebisa sxva enaze kiTxvis
dros
im enaze, romelsac swavlobT, moiZieT patara teqsti TqvenTvis nacnobi
Temis Sesaxeb. es SeiZleba iyos sagazeTo statia an teqsti internetidan saer-
TaSoriso mniSvnelobis mqone pirovnebaze, an zRapari, an TviT religiuri Si-
naarsis teqsti, an locva.
_ wina planze wamoswieT an xazi gausviT nebismier TqvenTvis nacnob sity-
vas, adgilebisa da adamianebis saxelebis CaTvliT.
_ gonebaSi SeqmeniT monaxazi an sqema, Tu ras SeiZleba exebodes es
teqsti
_ aRniSnuli sqemis an TqvenTvis nacnobi sityvebis gamoyenebiT, ecadeT
sxva sityvebis mniSvnelobis gamocnobasac.
_ daakvirdiT, rogor aris kombinirebuli sityvebi. xom ar amCnevT raime
nimuSs? SegiZliaT CamoayaliboT wesebi?
ecadeT ganaviTaroT es strategia. igi gulisxmobs maqsimalurad metis
miRebas im codnidan, romelic ukve gaqvT sxva enaze arsebuli teqstebidan.
samuSao furceli 2-b: codna imisa, Tu rogor moaxdinoT Tqveni enis or-
ganizeba
warmoidgineT, rom xelmZRvanel pirs (rogoricaa skolis direqtori)
unda ausnaT, Tu rogor moxda esa Tu is patara incidenti (rogoricaa fanjris
Camtvreva)
megobarTan erTad,
_ SeadgineT realuri dialogi, romelic SeiZleba gqondeT, skolis di-
reqtorTan, mocemuli konteqstis farglebSi;
_ SeitaneT masSi saTanado cvlilebebi im SemTxvevebisaTvis, Tu saWiro
gaxda Setyobinebis avtomopasuxeze datoveba;
_ mieciT Setyobinebas faqsis saxe.
samuSao furceli 2g1: sakuTari sazogadoebis Sesaxeb arsebuli specifi-
kuri codnis gadaxedva
aRnusxeT Semdegi, sakuTari qveynis mixedviT:
_ piradobis damadasturebel ra saSualebas atarebT Tan (aseTis arsebo-
bis SemTxvevaSi);
_ romeli rasisa da religiis mimdevari jgufebi moiZebneba Tqvens qvey-
anaSi;
romel saaTebSi xdeba trapezis miReba;
_ ra saxis saCuqari gamogadebaT, roca sadilze gepatiJebian;
es yovelive SeiZleba Zalze banalurad da Cveulebrivad miiCnioT, magram
roca xedavT, ra problemebs awydebian ucxoelebi am mxriv, Tqven daiwyebT misi
mniSvnelobis gacnobierebas. igive xdeba geografiul, istoriul da politikur
informaciasTan mimarTebaSi.
136
samuSao furceli 2g2: TqvenTvis axal enaze molaparake sazogadoebis
Sesaxeb arsebuli codnis gadaxedva
im enaze, romelsac swavlobT, ecadeT SeadginoT samuSao furcelze 2b
mocemuli dialogis analogi, rac gulisxmobs xelmZRvaneli pirisaTvis
(rogoricaa skolis direqtori) patara incidentis axsnas (rogoricaa fanjris
Camtvreva). Semdeg pasuxi gaeciT mocemul kiTxvebs:
_ xom ar SegqmniaT problemebi enis adekvaturobasTan mimarTebaSi (ma-
galiTad, direqtorTan misalmeba, bodiSis moxda. a.S)?
_ telefoniT Setyobinebis datoveba rom yofiliyo saWiro, gecodinebo-
daT, rogor dagewyoT da dagesrulebinaT igi?
_ faqsis an eleqtronuli Setyobinebis gagzavna rom yofiliyo saWiro,
SesZlebdiT saTanado cvlilebebis ganxorcielebas?
iciT, rogori iqneboda Tqveni Tanatoli moswavlis saTanado midgoma
skolis direqtorTan mimarTebaSi, im sazogadoebaSi, romlis enasac swavlobT?
_ rogor moiqceodiT aseTi ramis Sesaswavlad?
samuSao furceli 2d: sakuTar enaSi bgeraTa codnis gadaxedva
scadeT Semdegi davalebis Sesruleba, rom ufro meti SeityoT sakuTar
enaSi arsebuli bgerebis Sesaxeb.
_ CamoTvaleT TanxmovanTa is kombinaciebi, riTac SeiZleba iwyebodes
sityvebi Tqvens enaSi. ra nimuSs eqvemdebareba es kombinaciebi (magaliTad: ing-
lisurSi, cl, cr. gl, gr, pl, pr, bl, br. tr, dr kombinaciebSi, pirveli Tanx-
movnis Semdeg gvxvdeba l an r aso, rac ukve qmnis calkeul tips
_ CamoTvaleT TanmovanTa nebismieri kombinacia, riTac ver daiwyeba sity-
vebi Tqvens enaSi (aseTia pf-i inglisurSi)
_ yvelaze metad romeli Tanxmovani gvxvdeba sityvis dasawyisSi, Tqvens
enaSi (inglisurSi aseTi samia, im pirobiT, Tu sityvaSi pirveli Tanxmovani aris
s)
_ moiZebneba Tqvens enaSi iseTi Tanxmovnebi an TanxmovanTa kombinaciebi,
romlebTan mimarTebaSic ucxoelebi sirTules awydebian? (rogoricaa th ing-
lisurSi)? rogor fiqrobT, ra aris es?
_ aris Tqvens enaSi iseT xmovnebi, romlebTan mimarTebaSic ucxoelebi
sirTules awydebian?
_ eqmnebaT ucxoelebs problemebi maxvilTan, riTmTan, intonaciasTan a. S.
dakavSirebiT Tqvens enaSi?
samuSao furceli 3a: gadaxedva imisa, Tu rogor Semoinaxa Tqvenma mex-
sierebam sityvebi:
sakuTar magaliTze daakvirdiT, rogor xdeba sityvaTa damaxsovreba
mSobliur enaze.
qvemoT mocemul TiToeul kategoriasTan mimarTebaSi gamoiyeneT 60 wami,
rom CamoTvaloT yvela sityva, romelic:
_ mniSvnelobis mixedviT, erTiandeba `sakvebis~ jgufebSi;
_ Tqvens gonebaSi asocirdeba sityvasTan `chair~ (an `chaise~ frangulad)
_ iwyeba pl bgerebiT...
_ riTmiT / maxviliT miesadageba sityvas `bicycle~ (an frangulad sityvas
`television~?)
aris Tu ara iseTi sitvebi, romlebic ramdenime kategorias miesadageba?
sakuTari Sedegebi SeadareT Tqveni jgufis sxva wevrebisas. aRmoCnda
yovel kategoriaSi miaxloebiT ekvivalenturi sityvebi? hqonda adgili arCevans
Soris msgavsebas?
axla igive aqtivoba SeasruleT im enaze, romelsac swavlobT.
137
samuSao furceli 3b: sityvaTa codnis doneebis gadaxedva
scadeT Semdegi sityvebis klasificireba (aRebulia lingvistikis wig-
nidan)
akustikuri, saartikulacio, windebuli, damateba, sityvebi, konteqsti
es sityvebi grafikis saxiT daalageT _ yvelaze nakleb nacnobi sityvebi
qveda marcxena kuTxeSi, kargad nacnobi ki _ zeda marjvena kuTxeSi.
Semdeg msgavsi grafiki aageT TqvenTvis axal enaSic
mSvenivrad vici
Semxvedria, magram mniSvneloba ar vici
arasodes Semxvedria
samuSao furceli 3g: sityvis mniSvnelobis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis codnis
gadaxedva
_ aiReT inglisuri sityva soft an franguli doux
_ SeuwyvileT igi rac SeiZleba met sityvas (ori magaliTi: a soft chair, un
temps doux)
_ romeli sityvaa soft-is an doux-is antonimi TiToeul SemTxvevaSi?
_ ra saerTo aqvs soft-is an doux-is mniSvnelobebs Tqvens mier mofiqrebul
kombinaciaSi?
_ Tuki vinmes ekiTxebiT inglisurad: `Is the ice-cream soft yet?~ ras gulisx-
mobT?
_ ra saxis codna dagWirdaT am davalebis Sesasruleblad?
samuSao furceli 3d: sakuTari enis gramatikis codnis gadaxedva
dawereT winadadeba: the visiting student came to school this morning
on a motorbike, an Mon frere a achete' un nouveau v'elo
_ am winadadebebis azris Seucvlelad, scadeT sityvebis gansxvavebuli
wyobiT dalageba.
_ aageT rac SeiZleba meti winadadeba, winadadebaSi mocemuli nebismieri
an yvela sityvis gamoyenebiT. ar gamoiyenoT sxva sityvebi. (ra Tqma unda, azri
Seicvleba!)
_ sityvebi daalageT inglisuri an franguli enisaTvis miuRebeli wyobiT.
_ Semdeg scadeT sityvaTa wyobaze wesis Camoyalibeba mocemul enasTan mi-
marTebaSi.
_ aageT SekiTxvebi am winadadebaze dayrdnobiT, ra saxis cvlilebebs
moiTxovs SekiTxvebis ageba?
_ Semdeg, scadeT wesis Camoyalibeba kiTxviT formasTan mimarTebiT.
_ zmnebis walk da acheter ramdeni gansxvavebuli forma gafiqrdebaT?
_ SegiZliaT moifiqroT walk-isa da acheter-is msgavsi formebis zmnebi?
138
samuSao furceli 4: im unarebis gadaxedva, romelsac moicavs wera-kiTxva
saerTaSoriso fonetikuri anbani aris simboloebis erToblioba, romelic
emsaxureba bgerebis ise warmodgenas, rogorc es xdeba realur salaparako
enaSi.
qvemoT mocemulia inglisuri winadadeba misi fonetikuri eqvivalentiT.
Reading the guide is sheer drudgery and a waste of thinking time ________________________________________________
_ am informaciaze dayrdnobiT, dawereT fonetikuri simboloebis Sesabam-
isi sityvebi:
________________________________________________
_ CamoTvaleT problemebi, romelTac waawydebiT am sityvebis gaSifvrisas.
_ axla scadeT am sityvebis fonetikurad damuSaveba:
Shaving ______________ with __________ this _________ _ ramdenad gansxvavebuli iyo TqvenTvis fonetikuri simboloebiT wera?
Cveulebrivi xelnaweriT werisas an misi kixvisas, Tqven iyenebT unarebs,
romlebic Tqveni meore naturaa.
am davalebis Sesruleba aRniSnuli unarebis Senelebul muSaobas hgavda.
samuSao furceli 4a: dRes Tqvens mier agebuli teqstebis tipebis gad-
axedva
CamoTvaleT rac SeiZleba meti gansxvavebuli teqsti, romelTa damuSave-
bac mogiwiaT mocemul momentamde dRes. Semdeg, scadeT maTi dajgufeba imisda
mixedviT:
_ isini sasaubro, werilobiTi iyo, Tu mogiwiaT maTi xelmowera an maTTan
Sexeba;
_ sad SegxvdaT isini:
_ Tu kidev vin monawileobda maT producirebaSi da / an recefciaSi;
_ Tu ra fizikuri saSualeba iyo gamoyenebuli;
_ Tu ra daniSnuleba gaaCnda maT.
samuSao furceli 4b: im teqstebis gadaxedva, romlebTanac gqondaT
urTierToba sazogadoebrivi transportiT mgzavrobisas A-dan B punqtamde
_ CamoTvaleT yvelanairi teqsti, romelsac SevxvdebiT Tqvens qalaqSi
sazogadoebrivi transportiT sargeblobisas. Tu SesaZlebelia, Tavi mouyareT
realur nimuSebsac.
_ megobrebTan erTad, sruli werilobiTi forma mieciT am teqstebs;
_ CamoTvaleT yvela potenciuri wyaro, ramac SeiZleba sirTule Seuqmnas
am teqstebTan mimarTebaSi adamians, romelmac kargad ar icis Tqveni ena;
_ sirTulis TiToeul potenciur wyaros daurTeT im davalebaTa CamonaT-
vali, romelTa Sesrulebac mouwevs stumars problemis gadasaWrelad.
_ TiToeuli TandarTuli davalebisaTvis, moigoneT teqsti, romlis pro-
ducireba da / an recefcia moeTxoveba konkretul stumars.
samuSao furceli 4g: gadaxedva im unarisa, romelic gulisxmobs Tqvens
mier teqstebis damuSavebas axal enaze
_ SearCieT sami zogadi davaleba, romelTac realurad asrulebT yovel-
dRe;
_ dayaviT isini sxvadasxva qvedavalebebad;
_ CamoTvaleT teqstebi, romelTa damuSavebac iqneba saWiro TiToeuli
qvedavalebisaTvis.
_ am sami davalebidan, romels (a) gaarTmevdiT Tavs ufro meti warmate-biT axal enaze da (b) romels ufro naklebad. SeafaseT sakuTari unari, Ti-Toeuli SerCeuli davalebis SemTxvevaSi, enis sworad da marTebulad gamoyene-bisa.
139
samuSao furceli 5-a: axali enis bgerebis, sityvebis da gramatikis gad-axedva im enaze, romelsac swavlobT
scadeT Semdegi davalebis Sesruleba. im enis matarebels (an aramatarabels, magram mocemuli enis Tavisuflad
mcodnes) romelsac swavlobT, sTxoveT Caweros TqvenTan interviu, romelSic isaubrebT sakuTar Tavze da moyvebiT ambavs. CaiwereT intervius monakveTi.
_ mousmineT sakuTar Tavs da aRniSneT bgerebi, romlebic TqvenTvis problemuri iyo.
_ SeadgineT TqvenTvis problemuri sityvebis sia; _ daxedeT Canawers. wesebi, romlebic daicaviT, ukavSirdeboda sxvadasxva
zmnur formebs? _ ZiriTadad, ras gaarTviT Tavi warmatebiT interviuSi?
samuSao furceli 5b: Tqveni moTxovnebis, kursis saxelmZRvanelosa da silabusis gadaxedva
_ axali enisaTvis SeadgineT cxrili, romelic iqneba 1 samuSao fur-celze mocemuli cxrilis msgavsi, magram ufro grZeli. am cxrilSi aRniSneT is adgilebi, sadac imedovnebT, rom mogecemaT axali enis gamoyenebis saSualeba; agreTve, adamiani, romelTanac mogiwevT komunikacia da misi roli. gansazRvreT, ras gaakeTebT komunikaciis dros, raze aigeba TviT es komunikacia, ra saxiTa da saSualebiT mogiwevT masSi monawileoba.
_ msgavsi cxrili SeadgineT enis saswavlo kursis saxelmZRvanelosa da sxva masalebisaTvis. ecadeT, gansazRvroT, ra principebis mixedviTaa organ-izebuli es masalebi. Tu SesaZlebelia, mimarTeT kompetenciebSi mocemul enis gamoyenebis kategoriebs.
_ dabolos, msgavsi cxrili SeadgineT enis silabusisaTvis, romlis gamo-yenebasac apirebT.
_ SeadareT es sami cxrili, ramdenad miesadageba isini erTmaneTs?
samuSao furceli 5g: Tqveni mxridan axali enis swavlaze dafiqreba scadeT Semdegi aqtivobebi. isini gulisxmobs dafiqrebas swavlis
procesze, radgan is Tqvenze zegavlenas axdens. _ SeamowmeT, rogor iyenebT enas drois svlasTan erTad. _ xom ar SeiZina man me-3 TemaSi CamoTvlili damwyebi an saSualo donis
Semswavlelis maxasiaTeblebi? magaliTad, zmnebis gamoyenebas Tanamimdevruli saxe mieca, Tu igi mudmivad cvalebadia? arsebobs iseTi konteqstebi, sadac cvalebadoba ufro xSiria? ratom xdeba es ase?
_ drois svlasTan erTad, aRricxeT is strategiebi, romelTac iyenebT swavlaSi. romel midgomas amjobinebT _ kiTxvasa da mosmenas enis didi mocu-lobis gamoyenebiT, Tu saxelmZRvaneloTi an gramatikis swavlas, an sistemis formalur Seswavlas? iyenebT am midgomebs Sereuli saxiT?
_ gaarkvieT, ramdenad damokidebuli xarT saxelmZRvaneloebsa da maswav-leblebze, rogorc swavlaSi gzamkvlevebze. arsebobs Tu ara gadawyvetilebebi, romelTac yovelTvis damoukidebelad RebulobT, radgan xvdebiT, rom calkeuli faqtorebi Tqvenda sasikeTod muSaobs an ar muSaobs?
_ ramdenad mniSvnelovania TqvenTvis testebi da gamocdebi? _ ra gaZlevT motivacias, axali enis swavlis gasagrZeleblad? _ Tqveni daintereseba mocemuli eniT da im xalxiT, vinc masze metyvelebs? _ Tqveni daintereseba, zogadad, enebiT? _ enebis swavlis mxriv mopovebuli warmateba? _ Tqveni maswavleblis, mSoblebis, megobrebis enTuziazmi?
140
Ufnb!JJJ!
fopcsjwj!hbobUmfcjt!ebhfhnwbTj-!!pshboj{fcbTj-!njxpefcbtb!eb!ybsjtyjt!!TfgbtfcbTj!vTvbmp!npobxjmfUbUwjt!!
Sesavali es ganyofileba gaTvlilia maTze, vinc pasuxismgebelia enobrivi
ganaTlebis menejmentze. miuxedavad imisa, rom aseTi adamianebis umravlesoba
uSualod monawileobda an monawileobs swavlebaSi, es Tavi, ufro metad, iseT
sakiTxebs exeba, romelTa ganxilvac saklaso oTaxis farglebs gareT unda
moxdes. isini moicavs gadawyvetilebebs dagegmvaze _ gansakuTrebiT,
kurikulumTan mimarTebaSi, erovnul, regionul da institucionalur doneebze,
agreTve, enis swavlis aqtivobebis miwodebasa da organizebas, xarisxis
uzrunvelyofisa da kontrolis procesebsa da procedurebs. amasTan,
vimedovnebT, rom es ganyofileba misaRebi da gamosadegi iqneba kurikulumis
reformirebis komitetis, skolis akademiuri mmarTvelebis, inspeqtorebisa da
enobrivi ganaTlebis administraciis wevrebis, enis fakultetebis
xelmZRvanelobisa da maswavleblebisaTvis, romelTac surT bolomde gaerkvion
im konteqstSi, romelSic swavleba mimdinareobs da im gadawyvetilebaTa
ganxilvebSi, romlebic zegavlenas axdens maT muSaobaze.
es gzamkvlevi efuZneba oTx wina naSromis momxmarebelTa gzamkvlevis
seriaSi:
� saganmanaTleblo politikaSi gadawyvetilebaTa mimRebni, avtorebi
andre baieni da rune bergenTofTi;
� kurikulumis SemmuSaveblebi avtori jei sToqsi
� zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis uzrunvelmyofebi, avtorebi toni
fiTzpatriki da maik maqoSi;
� xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontroli, avtorebi piter
brauni da frenk heivorti
momxmarebelTa aRniSnul gzamkvlevebSi aRwerili sakiTxebi aq
warmodgenilia saganamaTleblo da marTvis procesebis saxiT, romlebic aris an
unda iyos Tanamimdevruli. gadawyvetilebebi erovnuli kurikulumebis Sesaxeb,
ganixileba politikuri da saganmanaTleblo miznebis farTo konteqstSi.
gadawyvetilebebze regionuli, institucionaluri an adgilobrivi
kurikulumebis Sesaxeb, zegavlenas axdens sakiTxebi organizebisa da miwodebis
praqtikulobaze, rogoricaa swavlebisa da swavlis unarebi, saTanado
resursebisa da adekvaturad momzadebuli ganmanaTleblebis arseboba da enis
swavlisaTvis gamoyofili drois optimalurad gamoyeneba. Sesabamisad,
gadawyvetilebaTa proeqtireba moiTxovs im zomebis gaTvaliswinebas, romlebic
emsaxureba xarisxis uzrunvelyofasa da Sefasebas _ xdeba miznebis miRweva?
xdeba momxmarebelTa moTxovnebis da survilebis _ Semswavlelebi, mSoblebi,
damsaqmeblebi, a. S. _ dakmayofileba? procesebs sworxazovani saxe aqvs: iwyeba
141
dagegmvis procesiTa da kurikulumis SedgeniT; Semdeg ganixileba
organizaciisa da miwodebis sakiTxebi da bolos xdeba Sedegebis Sefaseba da
xarisxis kontroli. swored aseTi Tanamimdevroba aqvs sakiTxebis ganxilvas
gzamkvlevis sxvadasxva ganyofilebebSi, rac mis gamoyenebas moxerxebuls xdis.
sxvadasxva elementebi Seadgens uwyveti procesis nawils, sadac ukukavSiris
kvanZi saSualebas unda iZleodes, rom xarisxis Sefasebis procedurebis
Sedegebi zegavlenas axdendes enis swavlebis dagegmvaze, proeqtirebasa da
miwodebaze da gadawyvetilebebze, kurikulumis amocanebze, rom ganisazRvros
kriteriumebi, romelTa gamoyenebac moxdeba xarisxis Sefasebis procesebSi.
dagegmva miwodeba
winamdebare gzamkvlevi dayofilia sam ganyofilebad
ganyofileba Sedgeba ori nawilisagan.
ganyofileba 1 kurikulumis Sedgena da
gadaxedva
z
i
T
ganyofileba 2 enis Seswavlis organizeba z
i
T
ganyofileba 3 xarisxis uzrunvelyofa
da kontroli
z
i
T
yoveli ganyofilebis bolos mocemulia samuSao furceli
pirveli ganyofileba aris im ZiriTadi pricnipebisa
romlebic CarTulia kurikulumis Sedgenasa da gadax
aqcents akeTebs skolis seqtorze.
meore ganyofilebaSi ganixileba enis swavlis aq
organizeba, magram amjerad ufro farTo WrilSi, enis s
bis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogoricaa enis kerZo institutebi.
mesame ganyofilebis meore nawili uzrunvelyofs m
bis nawilebze, romlebic gansakuTrebiT miesadageba pir
weril principebsa da sakiTxebs. es imas ar niSnavs, ro
nawili adekvaturi ar aris. isini emsaxureba gzamkvlev
trirebas, rom naTeli mohfinos calkeul principebsa
Seitanos xelmiswvdomi ofciebis gaTviTcnobierebulad
gadawyvetilebebSi.
yovel ganyofilebaSi pirveli nawili uzrunvelyo
da SeiZleba wakiTxul iqnes kompetenciebis mudmivad gam
nawilSi mkiTxvels miewodeba kompetenciebis saTanad
bolos wamoWril sakiTxebTan erTad, dafiqrebisTvis u
sxva sakiTxebisa, romlebic ukavSirdeba enobrivi ganaTl
izebas, miwodebasa da xarisxis Sefasebas.
dabolos, mocemulia samuSao furclebi, isini ef
warmodgenil kiTxvebs dafiqrebisaTvis da momxmarebelT
samuSao furclebi uzrunvelyofs CarCos principebisa da
142
xarisxis
Sefaseba
da yoveli
ogadi sakiTxebis miT-
Teba kompetenciebis sa-
anado ganyofilebebze
ogadi sakiTxebi miT-
Teba kompetenciebis sa-
anado ganyofilebebze
ogadi sakiTxebi miT-
Teba kompetenciebis sa-
anado ganyofilebebze
da sakiTxebis aRwera,
edvaSi, da ZiriTadad,
tivobebis miwodeba da
wavlis sxva konteqste-
iTiTebebs kompetencie-
vel ganyofilebaSi aR-
m kompetenciebis yvela
iT sargeblobis ilus-
da sakuTari wvlili
ganxilvasa da misaReb
fs zogad orientacias
oyenebis gareSe. meore
o ganyofilebebi. maT
zrunvelyofilia rigi
ebis dagegmvas, organ-
uZneba kompetencieb-Si
a pirvel gzamkvlevebs.
sakiTxebis struqtur-
izebuli ganxilvisaTvis da winadadebebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba maTi morgeba
momxmarebelTa profesiul garemoze. Isini SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes kvalifi-
kaciis asamaRlebeli treningis aqtivobebSi an dagegmvis procesSi, magaliTad,
maSin, roca kurikulumis reformirebis komiteti muSaobas iwyebs, aseve, sa-
fuZvlad individualuri dafiqrebisaTvis.
gzamkvlevis mizania kompetenciebis SinaarsisaTvis dasrulebuli saxis
miniWeba da iseTi Temebis Semotana, romlebsac kompetenciebi ar moicavs an zed-
apirulad ganixilavs.
143
Ubwj!W!
jei sToqsi
saskolo seqtorisaTvis kurikulumis Sedgena da gadaxedva
nawili 1 _ Sesavali
es Tavi Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi nawilisagan:
pirvel nawilSi ganxilul iqneba kurikulumis SedgenasTan, gadaxedvasa
da modernizebasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi sakiTxebi. swored aseTi Zireuli
sakiTxebis ganxilvas unda mimarTavdnen saministroebi, kurikulumis reformire-
bis komitetebi da sxva organoebi, romelTac evalebaT saskolo sistemisaTvis
Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumebis mimoxilva da modernizireba. termini `kuri-
kulumi~ ganmartebulia r. uoqeris mixedviT da moiazrebs ara mxolod werilo-
biT dokuments, aramed saganmanaTleblo procesebis bevrad ufro farTo Wrils:
`kurikulumi exeba saganmanaTleblo programis Sinaarssa da daniSnulebas, maTi
organizebis sakiTxebTan erTad~ (uoqeri 1990)
kurikulumis SemuSaveba iSviaTad iwyeba `arafridan~. maSinac ki, roca
unda moxdes Zireuli reformebis gatareba ganaTlebis sistemaSi, arsebobs tra-
dicia da kurikulumis Sedgenaze pasuxismgebeli xalxi, romlebic wina ver-
siebsa da tradiciebs iTvaliswineben. aqedan gamomdinare, albaT, ufro marTe-
buli iqneba, kurikulumebTan mimarTebaSi gamoviyenoT terminebi `gadaxedva~ da
`modernizireba~. garda am zogadi sakiTxebisa, mokled mimovixilavT Taname-
drove enebis kurikulumis rolsa da funqcias. miuxedavad imisa, rom es nawili
moiazrebs zogad orientacias, drodadro adgili eqneba kompetenciebis Sesa-
bamis nawilebze miTiTebas. es nawili miznad isaxavs mkiTxvelisaTvis zogadi
Sesavlis miwodebas, rac ar saWiroebs kompetenciebis mudmivad moSveliebas.
punqtSi 2.1, yvela sakiTxi moxseniebuli nawilSi 1, ufro detalurad
iqneba ganxiluli. am etapze, mivesalmebiT, mkiTxvelis mier kompetenciebis sa-
Tanado nawilebis gadaxedvasa da gaTvaliswinebas. kompetenciebis am nawilis
bolos mocemul SekiTxvebs daemateba kidev ramdenime mkiTxvelis megzurobisaT-
vis.
nawilSi 3 mocemulia ramdenime samuSao furceli da davaleba. nagulisx-
mevia maTi gamoyeneba, rogorc individualur, ise jgufur aqtivobebSi, magali-
Tad, maSin, roca komiteti muSaobas iwyebs kurikulumis gadaxedvaze. .maTi miza-
nia gaTviTcnobierebulobis gazrda da imis Cveneba, Tu raoden Rirebuli iqneba
kompetenciebiT sargebloba kurikulumze muSaobisas, radgan mas SeuZlia per-
speqtiuli momxmareblis uzrunvelyofa praqtikuli gamocdilebiT.
144
1. kurikulumis SedgenaSi, gadaxedvasa da modernizebaSi CarTuli Ziri-
Tadi sakiTxebi da principebi
· zogadi mimarTulebebi
sazogadoebaSi, romelic arnaxuli tempiT icvleba, ganaTlebis sferos
xelmZRvaneli pirebi dganan saganmanaTleblo debulebaTa modernizirebis amo-
canis winaSe, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes axalgazrdebis momzadeba im rolisaTvis,
romelic maT unda itvirTon samomavlod. aseve, aucilebeli xdeba saskolo ku-
rikulumebis regularuli modernizeba, sazogadoebis cvalebadi moTxovnebis
mixedviT. gamonakliss arc Tanamedrove enebis sfero warmoadgens. bolo aT-
wleulebSi momxdari araerTi cvlilebidan, romelTa mowmenic Tavad gavxdiT,
Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumebis proeqtirebisa da Sedgenis mxriv, gansakuTre-
biT mniSvnelovania Semdegi:
· skolebis cvalebadi kontingenti
bevr qveyanaSi, bolo ormoci wlis manZilze, SedarebiT erTgvarovani eT-
nikuri saxis mqone saskolo kontingenti Seicvala Zalze mravalferovani mra-
valenovani (multilingvuri) kontingentiT. es cvlileba mniSvnelovnad ganapi-
roba iseTma faqtorebma, rogoricaa migracia ojaxis xelaxali gaerTianebis
Sedegad, ltolviTa didi nakadis Camosvla da Sromis sferos internacionali-
zacia. amJamad Zalian bevri skola dgas iseTi amocanis winaSe, rogoricaa
sruliad gansxvavebul enebze molaparake bavSvebis ganaTleba imis gaTvalis-
winebiT, rom yoveli maTgani gansxvavebuli enis Seswavlas aniWebs upiratesobas.
gamomdinare iqidan, rom bavSvebi aRar metyveleben erT mSobliur enaze, saWiro
gaxda pirveli enis kurikulumis gadaxedvac. dRis wesrigSi dadga skolis kuri-
kulumiT SemoTavazebuli enebis swavlis gadaxedvac. xdeba ra mravalenovani
(plurilingvuri) fonisa da mravalenovnebis (plurilingvurobis) Semdgomi gan-
viTarebis survilis gaTvaliswineba, saWiroa Tanamimdevruli da koordinire-
buli midgoma. kompetenciebs SeuZlia megzuroba gauwios am sakiTxebze momuSave
kurikulumis reformirebis komitets maSinac, ki, roca mimdinareobs ukve miRe-
buli principebis Sesruleba.
· saerTaSoriso mobiluroba
zemoxsenebul sakiTxs mWirdrod ukavSirdeba gaTviTcnobierebulobis
zrda im mxriv, rom cxovrebis yovel seqtorSi saWiro xdeba Tanamedrove enebis
dauflebis unarebi. ekonomikis globalizaciis Sedegad, sul ufro met adamians
mouwevs muSaoba saerTaSoriso garemoSi, sadac enobrivi unarebi sasicocxlo
mniSvnelobisaa. evropis sabWos axal wevr qveynebSi, centralur da aRmosavleT
evropis saxelmwifoebSi, didi Zalisxmeva da energia moxmarda Tanamedrove ene-
bis kurikulumebis reformas. moxda Zlier gabatonebuli rusuli enis swavli-
dan Tanamedrove enebis swavlis ufro gansxvavebul midgomaze gadasvla. Tumca,
aRsaniSnavia, rom TviT Zvel wevr saxelmwifoebSic ki, enebis swavleba politi-
kuri dRis wesrigiT iyo marTuli.
mravalma qveyanam daiwyo moqmedeba Tanamedrove enebis Seswavlis
xelSesawyobad. kompetenciebs SeuZlia megzuroba iseT sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi,
rogoricaa sazogadoebisa da individualuri Semswavlelebis axali moTxovnebis
dakmayofileba, enobrivi cenzebis gamWvirvale sistemis Seqmna da kurikulumSi
adgilis gamoZebna nawilobrivi cenzebiT, orenovani ganaTlebis formebis da
skolis farglebs gareT enis swavlis praqtikis kreditacia.
145
· axali informacia da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi
informaciisa da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis sferoSi momxdari ganvi-
Tareba marTlac gasaocaria. TiTqmis aTi wlis win, interneti is sakomunikacio
qseli iyo, romliTac, ZiriTadad swavlulebi sargeblobdnen. axla mas mil-
ionobiT adamiani iyenebs. mTavrobebi da saministroebi miiCneven, rom mas
sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs studentebis axal teqnologiebTan gacnobis
saqmeSi. garda amisa, xsenebulma axalma teqnologiebma kari gauRo uzarmazar
SesaZleblobebs enis swavlis TvalsazrisiT, rac gulisxmobs CD-ROM-iT, DVD-
iTa da internetiT, eleqtronuli fostiT mowodebul multimediur kursebs,
`CeT-boqsebsa~ da TiTqmis yvela enaze xelmisawvdom didi moculobis monacemebs
da / an teqstebs. bevri axali teqnologia jer kidev srulad gamoyenebuli ar
aris enis swavlis TvalsazrisiT. enebis Seswavla cifrul saswavlo garemoSi
axal moTxovnebs uyenebs maswavlebels, kursis organizators da Semswavlels.
kompetenciebi megzurobas gTavazobs aRniSnul cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebis
mxrivac.
· naklebi Careva mTavrobis mxridan
zogierT qveyanaSi saskolo wesebisa da wesdebebis dadgena, ZiriTadad,
centralizebuli saganmanaTleblo sistemis farglebSi xdeba. maSin, roca rig
qveynebSi arsebobs mTavrobisa da saministroebis mxridan naklebad Carevis
tendencia da skolebisaTvis ufro meti avtonomiurobis miniWeba. ukve sagrZnobi
gaxda, rom centralizebuli sistema veRar axerxebs zomebis centralizebulad
gatarebas skolebTan mimarTebaSi, radgan dRis wesrigSi dgas sruliad
gansxvavebuli adgilobirvi moTxovnebi da problemebi. sxvadasxva mizniT asig-
nirebuli biujetebis uzrunvelyofis naclvad, axla skolebi Rebuloben erT-
droul dafinansebas da Tavad uxdebaT gadawvetilebaTa miReba. skolebs
SeuZliaT am Tanxis sxvadasxva saxiT gankargva da specifikuri saskolo pro-
filebis Seqmna, magaliTad, iseTis, romelic aqcents akeTebs Tanamedrove enebze,
mecnierebaze, xelovnebaze da axal teqnologiebze. es politika zegavlenas
axdens saskolo kurikulumis SemuSavebazec, radgan is exeba erovnuli kuriku-
lumis detalur aRweras da mis kavSirs regionul, adgilobriv an skolis
doneze SemuSavebul kurikulumebTan. kompetenciebs SeuZlia megzuroba im ar-
Cevanis ganxilvasTan mimarTebaSi, romelic unda gakeTdes sxvadasxva doneebze.
· Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumebi
es nawili ganixilavs mTavrobis mier kontrolirebadi da dafinansebuli
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mier Sedgenil kurikulumebs; magaliTad,
dawyebiTi, saSualo da profesiuli ganaTlebis skolebi, sadac swavloben 5-dan
18 wlamde asakis bavSvebi. gansakuTrebuli aqcenti keTdeba saSualo ganaTlebis
seqtorze, 10 / 12 / -18 / 19.
ganaTlebis am seqtorisaTvis Seqmnili kurikulumebi Cveulebriv, zustad
gansazRvravs Semdeg komponentebs:
· SemoTavazebul enebs. xSirad gansxvaveben ara mxolod pirvel da
meore, aramed mesame da meoTxe enebsac. zogierT qveyanaSi, arsebobs dawyebiTi
skolebi, romlebic arCevans gvTavazoben enebis mxriv, Tumca aris iseTi skole-
bic, sadac mxolod erTi ena iswavleba. saSualo ganaTlebaSi, gaerTianebuli
samefosa da irlandiis farglebs gareT, bevr saxelmwifoSi inglisuri, rogorc
ucxo ena, dominirebs, magram didia sxva enebis mxriv SemoTavazebuli arCevanic.
samwuxarod, es arCevani ufro didia TeoriaSi, xolo praqtikaSi yovelTvis ad-
vili ar aris naklebad gavrcelebuli enis swavleba gamomdinare iqidan, rom
146
cotaa maswavlebeli da mcirea aseTi enis SeswavliT dainteresebuli studente-
bis raodenobac. meore sakiTxi, romelsac exeba enobrivi politika, aris moce-
mul qveyanaSi mcxovrebi umciresobebis enebi. bavSvebs, romlebic am enebze mety-
veleben, eZlevaT Tu ara maTi skolaSi Seswavlisa da saTanado kreditebis
miRebis saSualeba? mSobliuri enis SenarCunebisaTvis saaTebis gamoyofa xom ar
xdeba ucxo enebis xarjze? an Tu arsebobs iseT praqtika, romelic iTvalis-
winebs aseTi enebis swavlebas im bavSvebisaTvis, romlebic umciresobas ar mie-
kuTvnebian? magaliTad, SeuZliaT Turq bavSvebs airCion Turquli, rogorc, da-
vuSvaT, germanulis alternativa, maSin roca mocemul klasSi myofi bavSvebis
umravlesoba germanuls swavlobs, an ramdenad SesaZlebelia, rom Turquli
iswavlon araTurqma bavSvebmac?
amJamad bevr qveyanaSi aswavlian mezobeli saxelmwifoebis enebsac. maT
swavlasTan mimarTebaSi xdeba axali midgomebis SemuSaveba. aseve, unda gairkves
maTi mimarTeba kurikulumSi arsebul sxva enebTanac, gansakuTrebiT im
SemTxvevaSi, roca es enebi ukve iswavleba dawyebiT doneze da saWiroa maTi
saSualo doneze saTanadod gagrZelebis uzrunvelyofa.
dabolos, kurikulumSi Tanamedrove enebis diversifikaciisa da ramdenime
enis Seswavlis xelSesawyobad mimdinareobs muSaoba drois problemis gadasaW-
relad, nawilobrivi cenzebisa da orenovani ganaTlebis formebis SemoTavazebis
gziT. yvela aRniSnuli sakiTxi ganixileba kompetenciebis me-8 TavSi.
· erovnuli kurikulumebi, Cveulebriv, uzrunvlyofs saerTo arssa da
im doneebis specifikacias, romlebic miRweuli unda iqnes. kompetenciebs
SeuZlia daxmareba warsulSi gakeTebuli arCevanis gadasaxedad. mniSvnelovania,
SemuSavdes erTi Tanamimdevruli kurikulumi yvela enisaTvis, romelic skolaSi
iswavleba, rac xels Seuwyobs enebis maswavlebelTa koordinacias, xolo
Semswavlelebs did sargeblobas moutans enis TiToeul klasSi SeZenili
unarebi. kompetenciebis me-4 TavSi mocemulia gasaTvaliswinebeli kategoriebis
aRwera da miTiTebulia, romeli kategoria eqvemdebareba skalirebas. am mxriv,
kompetenciebi gvTavazobs metad Tanamimdevrul standarts, rac saSualebas
gvaZlevs aRvweroT rogorc zogadi doneebi, ise calkeuli qvekategoriebisaTvis
dayofili skalebis erToblioba. TiToeul SemTxvevaSi unda moxdes specifiku-
robis xarisxis gansazRvra. Cveulebriv, saskolo sistema saWiroebs doneebis
ufro detalur aRweras im eqvs ganvrcobil donesTan SedarebiT, romlebic
warmodgenilia kompetenciebis me-3 TavSi, sxva mxriv, SeuZlebeli iqneba difer-
encireba klasebis mixedviT da drois misaReb periodSi miRweuli progresis
Cveneba. kompetenciebs SeuZlia megzuroba Sida saskolo miznebisaTvis doneebis
dayofis TvalsazrisiT (ix. mag. 1. 3.5-Si)
· erovnuli kurikulumi aseve moicavs erTgvar logikur dasabuTe-
basac, ganacxads, romelic iZleva angariSs SerCeul midgomasTan, doneebisa da
kategoriebis arCevanTan mimarTebaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom ar arsebobs enis
Seswavlisa da swavlebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli Teoria, kompetenciebi gvTa-
vazobs am sakiTxis irgvliv amJamad arsebuli Sexedulebebis mimoxilvas. kompe-
tenciebis momxmareblebs SeuZliaT isargeblon me-6 TaviT, romelic am sakiTxs
ganixilavs.
· gamomdinare iqidan, rom Tanamedrove enebi Seadgens specifikuri
saskolo seqtoris ufro didi kurikulumis nawils, mniSvnelovania imis gansaz-
Rvra, Tu ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia Tanamedrove enebis kurikulums ufro
farTo saganmanaTleblo miznebSi, rogoricaa Semswavlelis avtonomiis xel-
Sewyoba, socialuri unarebis SeZena da swavla imisa, Tu rogor viswavloT.
calkeuli winadadebebis moZieba ASesaZlebelia kompetenciebis nawilSi zogadi
kompetenciebis Sesaxeb, kompetenciebis punqtebi 5.1 da 6.4.6
· dabolos, mniSvnelovania im faqtis gaTaviseba, rom enis swavla ar
izRudeba mxolod skolis farglebiT da ar mTavrdeba skolis dasrulebasTan
erTad. skola saSualebas unda aZlevdes studentebs, bolomde isargeblon ene-
bis Seswavlis SesaZleblobebiT, ojaxSi informaciisa da sakomunikacio
147
teqnologiebis (ECT) saSualebiT, gacvliTi programebiT, sazRvargareT mog-
zaurobiT da a. S. SesaZlebeli unda iyos gzebis moZieba am saswavlo praqtikis
kreditaciisaTvis. ELP-i is instrumentia, romelsac, am mxriv mniSvnelovani
rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia. es portfolio mokled aris moxseniebuli me-8
TavSi.
2. kurikulumis Sedgena, gadaxedva da modernizeba:
direqtivebi kompetenciebiT sargeblobisaTvis
es nawili ufro dawvrilebiTi ganixilavs pirvel nawilSi warmodgenil
sakiTxebs da pirdapir migviTiTebs kompetenciebis Sesabamis ganyofilebebze.
ZiriTadi sakiTxi mokled Sejamdeba. mkiTxvels mivuTiTebT kompetenciebis sa-
Tanado nawilze da mivesalmebiT, mis mier rogorc iq wamoWrili sakiTxebis, ise
gzamkvlevSi damatebiT Semotanili sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebas.
· enebis arCevani kurikulumSi, anu rogor SevqmnaT pirobebi mrava-
lenovnebis (plurilingvurobis) ganviTarebisa da gaumjobesebisaTvis.
· zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi da saskolo sistema
· kategoriebi, kurikulumSi enebis aRwerisaTvis
· logikuri dasabuTeba Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumisaTvis
· enebi, informacia da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi
· skolis farglebs gareT enis swavlis kreditacia.
M2. 1. mravalenovneba (plurilingvuroba) da kurikulumi
evropis sabWos erT-erTi ZiriTadi principi mravalenovnebis
(plurilingvurobis) xelSewyobaa. mSobliuri enis garda, evropis moqalaqeebs
unda eZleodeT ramdenime ucxo enis Seswavlis saSualeba. Tumca, am sakiTxis
mogvareba yovelTvis advili ar aris, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT wnexs kurikulumSi
Setanili sxva sagnebis mxridan, romlebic saaTebs moiTxovs. kompetenciebis me-8
TavSi SemuSavebulia mravalenovnebis (plurilingvurobis) cneba. erTni
amtkiceben, rom ramdenime enis Seswavla ar unda moiazrebodes procesad,
romlis meSveobiTac adamiani eufleba erT enas meoris Semdeg an paralelurad,
da rom mravalenovneba (plurilingvuroba) aris Sedgenili kompetencia, romlis
gamoyenebac SeuZlia momxmarebels.
zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswineba mniSvnelovania Tanamedrove enebis
kurikulumebis dadgenisas da iseTi sistemis Seqmnisas, romelic erTi enis
swavlebas yovelTvis sxva enebis swavlebasTan kavSirSi ganixilavs.
aseve mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswinebac, Tu rogor SeiZleba
mravaleTnikuri saskolo kontingentidan gamomdinare, bevr skolaSi arsebuli
enobrivi mravalferovnebis gamoyeneba mravalenovnebis (plurilingvurobis)
ganviTarebisaTvis.
me-8 Tavis bolos wamoWrili sakiTxebis garda, mkiTxvelma SeiZleba
isurvos Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvac.
1. rogor gamoviyenoT skolebSi ukve arsebuli enobrivi
mravalferovneba, mravalenovani (plurilingvuri) kompetenciis
ganviTarebisaTvis?
2. ra stimuli unda mieceT maswavleblebs imisaTvis, rom gadaabijon
sakuTari enis sazRvrebs da iTanamSromlon mravalenovani (plurilingvuri)
kompetenciis ganviTarebisaTvis?
3. rogor unda moxerxdes maswavlebelTa adekvaturad momzadeba, bevr
skolaSi arsebuli enobrivi mravalferovnebisaTvis Tavis gasarTmevad?
4. ramdenad kmayofili iqnebian maswavleblebi nawilobrivi
kompetenciis an orenovani ganaTlebis SedegebiT?
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2. 2. zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi da saskolo sistema
bevri kurikulumi moicavs miTiTebebs im doneebze, romlebic miRweul
unda iqnes. problema is aris, rom am doneebis aRwerilobebi xSirad gaugebaria
sistemis farglebs gareT myofi adamianebisaTvis. etapobrivad, sistemis
farglebSi moqceuli yvela adamiani _ maswavleblebi, mSoblebi da studentebi
_ garkveul warmodgenas iqmnian im donesTan mimarTebaSi, romelsac miaRwia
rigiTma studentma, vTqvaT, saSualo ganaTlebaSi, magram miRebuli Sefaseba
bevrs arafers niSnavs sistemis farglebs gareT. roca studenti sazRvargareT
miemgzavreba da xelSi uWiravs skolis atestati, romelSic aRniSnulia, rom
misi Sefaseba inglisurSi aris 7, ucxoeli damsaqmebeli verc ki gaigebs, ras
niSnavs es 7.
mobilurobis zrdasTan erTad, gaizarda doneebis aRwerilobis ufro
gamWvirvale sistemis Seqmnis moTxovnac. kompetenciebis me-3 Tavsa da punqtSi 2.2
aRwerilia am ganviTarebis safuZveli. ufro teqnikuri detalebi da skalebis
magaliTebi mocemulia me-9 Tavsa da danarTebSi.
zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli standartis
punqtebia. maTi gamoyeneba mravalnairad SeiZleba _ portfolioSi CarTviTa da
TviTSefasebisaTvis. TviTSefasebis funqcia mniSvnelovania maSin, roca
Semswavlelebi iZenen iseT unarebs, romelTa damadasturebeli formaluri
sertifikati ar gaaCniaT. maT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon kompetenciebis doneebi da
deskriptorebi, sakuTari codnisa da enobrivi unarebis Sesafaseblad. Tumca,
xelmZRvanel pirebs, SeuZliaT daadginon formaluri cenzebi da gansazRvron,
romel dones Seesabameba miRebuli Sefaseba, zogadi kompetenciebis doneebis
mixedviT. amgvarad, pirebs, romlebic amTavreben saSualo ganaTlebas, saSualeba
miecemaT aRweron sakuTari kompetencia gamWvirvaled, rac sayovelTaod
misaRebi iqneba. garda amisa, Tu adamiani moisurvebs swavlis gagrZelebas kerZo
dawesebulebebSi, ukve ecodineba, ra dones miaRwia.
Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom eqvsi done yovelTvis sakmaris ar aris saskolo
sistemis miznebisaTvis. es sistema moiTxovs ufro zedmiwevniT dayofas, rom
SesaZlebeli gaxdes drois SedarebiT mokle periodSi miRweuli progresis
Cveneba. kompetenciebis punqtebSi 3.4 da 3.5 mocemulia direqtivebi zedmiwevniT
dayofasTan mimarTebaSi.
me-3 Tavisi wamoWrili sakiTxebis garda, mkiTxvelma SeiZleba isurvos
Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvac:
1. rogor fiqrobT, Tqvens konteqstSi arsebuli doneebis deskriptorebi
ramdenad gamWvirvalea sistemis farglebs gareT myofi adamianebisaTvis?
2. gaqvT Tu ara survili, rom Tqveni erovnuli cenzebi miesadagebodes
zogadi kompetenciebis doneebs?
3. migaCniaT Tu ara, rom kompetenciebis eqvsi done damakmayofilebelia,
Tu Tqveni sistema saWiroebs ufro zedmiwevniT dayofas?
2. 3. kategoriebi kurikulumSi enebis aRwerisaTvis
Kkurikulumis monaxazis Seqmnisas, pasuxismgebel pirebs aqvT ofciebis
sakmaod didi arCevani. kategoriebis SerCeva xdeba dokumentis funqciis
mixedviT. preskriptuli saxis dokumenti saWiroebs sruliad gansxvavebul
kategoriebs im dokumentTan SedarebiT, romelic gvTavazobs megzurobas an
kriteriumebs regionul an adgilobriv donesTan mimarTebaSi.
149
kompetenciebis funqciaa, daxmareba gacnobierebuli arCevanis
gasakeTeblad. yoveli Tavi gvTavazobs dafiqrebas enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis
konkretul aspeqtze da maTi Sesabamisobis ganxilvas maTsave konteqstsa da
miznebTan. gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom arc ise advilia kompetenciebis bolomde
wakiTxva da mis yovel nawilze sakuTari azris Camoyalibeba. TviT yvelaze
ufro gamocdili praqtikosebic ki SeiZleba SeuSindnen ofciaTa udides
arCevans. Tanac, kurikulumis reformis komitetebi, TiTqmis yovelTvis, drois
wnexs qveS muSaoben. sawyisi monaxazi farTo konsultaciebs eqvemdebareba.
kompetenciebis momxmareblebs SeuZliaT daiwyon im kategoriebis gadaxedva,
romelTa mixedviTac aris dawerili mocemuli dokumenti. garda amisa, maT
SeiZleba isurvon SekiTxvaTa mxolod SezRuduli raodenobis ganxilva.
dasawyisisaTvis, gTavazobT Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvas:
· aqvs Tu ara azri enis gamoyenebis konteqstis Setanas kurikulumSi?
* ramdenad marTebulia kompetenciebSi moxseniebuli zedmiwevniT dayofa
da zepiri interaqciis an zepiri producirebis erTmaneTisagan garCeva, an
mediaciis Setana?
· dokumentSi moxsenebuli iseTi Temebi, rogoricaa zRvruli done
1990, ramdenad miesadageba im kurikulums, romlis monaxazic unda gakeTdes?
· moxseniebul unda iqnes teqstis tipebi?
· unda moxdes davalebaTa specifikacia?
· ra roli eniWeba strategiebs da unda moxdes maTi gansazRvra?
aRniSnuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis Semdeg, mkiTxvelma SeiZleba isurvon me-4
da me-5 Tavebis gadaxedva da yoveli nawilis Semdeg mocemuli SekiTxvebis ganx-
ilva. amas SeiZleba mohyves maT mier gadawyvetilebis miReba imasTan dakavSire-
biT, unda moxdes Tu ara kategoriebis Setana kurikulumSi.
2. 4. logikuri dasabuTeba Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumisaTvis
Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumebis gadaxedvas an modernizebas ganapi-
robebs is, rom Zveli versia Aadekvaturad aRar miiCneva. pirvel nawilSi ga-
movkeTeT ramdenime saxis ganviTareba, rac aucilebels xdis kurikulumebis
modernizacias. maT Sorisaa cvalebadi saskolo kontingenti da ganviTareba in-
formaciisa da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis sferoSi.
Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom Tanamedrove enebis swavlebasa da swavlaze
arsebuli Sexedulebebic cvalebadia. miuxedavad imisa, rom `am etapze ar arse-
bobs kvlevis Sedegebze dafuZnebuli sakmarisad myari konsensusi imis Taobaze,
Tu rogor swavloben Semswavlelebi da kompetenciebi ver eyrdnoba vercerT
saswavlo Teorias~ (kompetenciebi, punqti 6.2.2.1) moiZebneba sxvadasxva saxis,
zogjer sapirispiro, ganviTareba, romlis gamoyenebac SeiZleba isurvos kuri-
kulumis reformirebis komitetma.
maswavleblebi, romlebic Tanamedrove enebs aswavlian bolo ocdaaTi
welia, zogjer imedgacruebulni arian konsensusis simciriTa da mravali
kvlevis mwiri daskvniT. isini Tvalyurs adevneben modis cvalebadobas da skep-
tikurad uyureben enis swavlebasTan mimarTebaSi axali midgomebis kurikulumSi
Setanas. didi gaurkvevlobaa iseTi aspeqtebTan mimarTebaSic, rogoricaa roli
(ra moculobiT da rodis) gamoTqma (sawyis etapze daSvebuli Secdomebis mimarT
tolerantobis gamomJRavneba, Tu simkacris gamoCena), strategiebi (sakompensacio
strategiebis adgili) Semswavlelis avtonomia (rogor unda ganaviTaros mas-
wavlebelma Semswavlelis avtonomia, ra moculobis unda iyos maswavleblis
mier studentebisaTvis miniWebuli Tavisufleba da a.S)
aqedan gamomdinare, kurikulumSi xSiria arCevanis logikurad dasabuTeba,
ganmarteba SerCeuli ofciebisa, winadadebebisa da im direqtivebisa, romlebic
praqtikulad unda iqnes gamoyenebuli saklaso oTaxis farglebSi. aucilebeli
ar aris es yvelaferi erT dokumentSi Sediodes. saganmanaTleblo reformis
procesi moiTxovs mravalgvar Carevas da aq xsenebuli aspeqtebi xSirad
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ganixileba Tanmxleb dokumentebSi, maswavlebelTa sawyis an kvalifikaciis
asamaRlebel treningebsa da RonisZiebebze.
sasurvelia, mkiTxvelma gadaxedos kompetenciebis me-6 Tavs, kerZod, pun-
qtebs 6.2 da 6.4 me-6 Tavis am punqtebSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis garda, mkiTxvelma
SeiZleba isurvos Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvac:
1. rogoria axali kurikulumis ZiriTadi novaciebi?
2. ra sferoebi moiTxovs winaaRmdegobebis gawevas?
3. ra strategiebiT unda moxdes reformis kritikuli novaciuri
sakiTxebis gatareba?
2. 5. enebi, informacia da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi
nawili 1 saerTaSoriso sakomunikacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebas im
faqtorebis ricxvs miakuTvnebs, romlebic zegavlenas axdens enis Seswavlasa da
swavlebaze. Aam teqnologiebis codna SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes erT-erT
araenobriv specifikur kompetenciad, romelic moxseniebulia kompetenciebis
punqtSi 6.4.6.3. mocemuli gzamkvlevis kompetenciis farglebSi, detalurad ver
ganixilavT sakomunikacio teqnologiebis SesaZlo gamoyenebas enis Seswavlasa
da swavlebaSi da SemovifarglebiT mxolod gamoyenebis Semdegi variantebiT:
· eleqtronuli fosta - internetis saSualebiT azrTa
urTierTgacvlisa da kontaqtisaTvis, magaliTad, specifikuri informaciis
saTxovnelad;
· `CeTboqsebi~ an qselSi Sexvedrebi _ informaciis werilobiTi
formiT urTierTgacvlisaTvis, rac sakmaod hgavs sametyvelo enas (Tumca,
zogjer gamoiyeneba specialuri kodebi, abreviatura da e.w. `smailebi~)
· video konferencia _ erTi-erTze komunikaciis saSualeba;
· internetis gamoyeneba yvelanairi saxis monacemebis misaRebad,
rogoricaa audio da video teqstebi, araxazobrivi, `hiper~ teqstebi, monacemTa
bazebi, biblioTekebi a. S.
· enis saswavlo kursebiT sargebloba, romlebic xelmisawvdomia CD-ROM-is, DVD-is saxiT agreTve `on-line” kursebi internetis saSualebiT
· eleqtronuli saweri instrumentebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa sityvaTa
procesorebi, `on-line~ leqsikonebi, marTlwerisa da gramatikis Sesamowmebeli
instrumentebi, a. S.
Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumis SemuSavebaSi monawile adamianebma
SeiZleba isurvon imis garkveva, unda iyenebdnen Tu ara Semswavlelebi sakomuni-
kacio teqnologiebs enis Seswavlisas da ra moculobiT. kompetenciebidan ga-
momdinare, SesaZlebelia Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilva.
1. unda icnobdnen Semswavlelebi e. w. `etikets~_ yofaqcevis kodeqss in-
ternetiT komunikaciisaTvis?
2. unda icnobdnen Semswavlelebi hiperteqstebs da / an sxva saxis audio
da video teqstebs?
3. rogor unda moxdes eleqtronuli saweri instrumentebis integrireba
kurikulumSi weris Sesaxeb?
4. rogor unda moxdes SemswavlelTa waxaliseba, rom maT Seiswavlon in-
terneti da gamoiyenon igi saSualebad enis avtonomiurad SeswavlisaTvis?
garda CamoTvlili sakiTxebisa, kurikulumis SemmuSavebel pirebs
SeuZliaT gamoiyenon kompetenciebi yvela im SemTxvevaSi, sadac furcels cvlis
cifruli masalebi.
2. 6. skolis farglebs gareT enis swavlis kreditacia
151
enis swavla ver damTavrdeba skolis dasrulebasTan erTad `is SeiZleba
uwyvetad gagrZeldes, Tanac bevri adamiani enas swavlobs skolis farglebs ga-
reT:
· radgan isini izrdebian mravalenovan (plurilingvur) ojaxSi;
· radgan maT aqvT sazRvargareT mogzaurobis saSualeba;
· radgan maT SeuZliaT erTi weli gaataron ucxo qveynis skolaSi;
problema is aris, Tu rogor unda Sefasdes enis swavlis es praqtika.
moswavleebma, romlebmac erTi weli dahyves amerikis saSualo skolaSi,
SeiZleba SeiZinon im donis enobrivi unarebi, rac msgavsi SesaZleblobis
aramqone maTi TanaklaselebisaTvis miuRwevelia.
kompetenciebis patara punqti eZRvneba ELP-s (punqti 8.4.2). Ees dokumenti, romelic amJamad pilotirebulia TxuTmet evropul saxelmwifoSi, saSualebas
aZlevs Semswavlelebs, dokumentis saxe miscen enis Seswavlis sakuTar praqti-
kas. ELP Sedgeba sami nawilisgan: enis biografia, pasporti da dosie. am do-
kumentSi Semswavlels SeuZlia Seitanos enis ESeswavlis sakuTari formaluri
da araformaluri praqtika, romelTagan pirveli oficialur xasiaTs atarebs,
xolo meore _ araoficialurs. ELP-Si mocemulia kompetenciebis zogadi kompe-
tenciebis doneebi (Tavi 3) ise, rom raportirebis funqcia sayovelTaod gamo-
yenebadia. dosies nawili, metwilad, pedagogiur funqcias asrulebs da saSuale-
bas aZlevs Semswavlels, Seinaxos enis Seswavlisa da kulturaTaSoris ga-
mocdilebis sferoSi Sesrulebuli samuSaos nimuSebi.
ELP-is ramdenime modeli, romlebic pilotirebulia evropis sabWos ELP-is pro-
eqtis farglebSi, xelmisawvdomia internetiTac. erovnuli portfolios gverdis
Sesaxeb miTiTebis moZieba SesaZlebelia sabWos vebgverdze: <http: / / culture>. coe. int / portfolio me-8 Tavis bolos wamoWrili sakiTxebis garda, mkiTxvelma SeiZleba isurvos
Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilva:
1. rogor unda moxdes skolis farglebs gareT enis swavlis praqtikis
kreditacia?
2. xdeba Tu ara im studentebis gansakuTrebulad gaTvaliswineba,
romlebic ukve kargad floben enas, romelic skolaSi iswavleba?
3. vin aris pasuxismgebeli skolis farglebs gareT enis swavlis
praqtikis kreditaciaze, gansakuTrebiT im enebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebic skolaSi
ar iswavleba?
3. 3. kompetenciebi praqtikaSi
es nawili moicavs ramdenime praqtikul davalebas rogorc
individualuri, ise jgufuri muSaobisaTvis, rogoricaa wevrebisaTvis
kurikulumis reformirebis komitetis gacnoba kompetenciebiT da misi
mniSvneloba konkretul praqtikul miznebTan mimarTebaSi.
SerCeul formas samuSao furclebis saxe aqvs, rasac praqtikuli
davalebebi axlavs. zogierTi maTgani pilotirebuli iyo seminarze
kompetenciebisa da kurikulumis SemuSavebis Sesaxeb, romelic Sesdga evropis
Tanamedrove enebis centrSi (ECML) gracSi, avstriaSi, 1998 wlis maisSi.
bibliografia
Walker, D. Fundamentals of curriculum, San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch 1990
152
samuSao furceli 1
kurikulumis scenaris SemuSaveba mravalenovani (plurilinvuri)
kompetenciis ganviTarebisaTvis
konteqsti
miuxedavad imisa, rom gadawyvetilebebi kurikulumSi Sesatani enebis Ser-
Cevaze, politikur doneze miiReba, saintereso iqneba gansxvavebuli enis swavli-
saTvis scenaris Seqmna, Tqveni konkretuli situaciis mixedviT. davuSvaT, rom
kurikulumi Ria xasiaTs atarebs da saSualebas aZlevs skolebs, eqsperimenti
Caataron sxvadasxva SemoTavazebebze enis mxriv da gascen direqtivebi gansxvave-
buli enis Sesaswavlad. waikiTxeT kompetenciebis me-8 Tavi enobrivi mraval-
ferovnebisa da kurikulumis Sesaxeb da ganixileT Semdegi davaleba.
davaleba
SeqmeniT scenari Tqvens saskolo sistemaSi gansxvavebuli enis swav-
lebisaTvis, iseTi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogoricaa:
� enebis arCevani
� saaTebis raodenoba, romelic, savaraudod, daeTmoba Tanamedrove
enebis Seswavlas sistemis sxvadasxva doneebze (dawyebiTi, sabazo,
saSualo)
� praqtikuli Sedegebi, rogoricaa maswavlebelTa xelmisawvdomoba.
ganixileT Sedegi ofciebi:
_ enis swavla dawyebiT skolebSi
� erTi centralizebulad gansazRvruli ena, enaTa arCevani Tu
Tavisufleba enis arCevanis mxriv
� mezobeli qveynebis enaTa roli sazRvris mimdebare teritoriebze
� enobrivi gaTviTcnobierebulobis kursi.
� moswavleebis mSobliuri enis roli da am mSobliuri kompetenciis
Semdgomi ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba
_ enebi saSualo skolis safexurze
� romeli enebi
� pirveli da meore / mesame da meoTxe Tanamedrove enis
erTmaneTisagan gansxvaveba?
� doneebi, romelTa miRwevac unda moxdes
� rogor unda Sefasdes skolis farglebs gareT enis swavla?
� enis swavlis diversifikaciis saSualebebi (orenovani ganaTleba,
nawilobrivi kompetencia).
ena dawyebiTi sabazo saSualo profesiuli
gakveTilebi statusi gakveTilebi statusi gakveTilebi statusi gakveTilebi statusi
153
statusi:
SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT Semdegi kategoriebi, magram aseve SegiZliaT
Tavisuflad daumatoT sakuTaric
X: savaldebulo
O: arCeviTi
PQ: nawilobrivi kvalifikacia;
B: damwyebTa kursi
BE: orenovani ganaTleba
NL: mezobeli qveynis ena
ML: umciresobis ena
praqtikuli Sedegebi maswavleblebisaTvis:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
154
samuSao furceli 2
erovnuli cenzebis dakavSireba zogadi kompetenciebis doneebTan
konteqsti
adamianebi yovelTvis ver erkvevian doneTa adekvaturi aRweris sir-
TuleSi. gaTviTcnobierebulobis gazrdaze orientirebuli advili aqtivoba ga-
napirobebs doneTa deskrifciebis gamoyenebas Tqvens saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi.
ganalageT isini areulad da muSa jgufis wevrebs sTxoveT maTi dawyoba swori
TanamimdevrobiT.
es savarjiSo SeiZleba Sesruldes me-4 TavSi skalebSi warmodgenil
deskriptorebTan mimarTebaSic.
am savarjiSos Sesrulebamde, SegiZliaT muSa jgufis wevrebs sakuTari
enobrivi kompetenciis Sefaseba sTxovoT, kompetenciebis 3.3 punqtSi mocemuli
skalis mixedviT. SegiZliaT ganixiloT monacemebis Segroveba, maTi histo-
gramaSi an grafikSi Setana da Sedegebis saCveneblad powerpoint-iT prezentacia.
davalebebi
1. gadaxedeT kompetenciebis punqts 3.3 da yuradRebiT gaecaniT
deskriptorebs. SeafaseT sakuTari unarebi Tqvens mier
Seswavlil enebSi skalebze A1 A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 SegiZliaT
SeavsoT qvemoT mocemuli tabula.
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
mosmena
sasaubro
interaqcia
sasaubro
produci-
reba
wera
2. SearCieT skala (magaliTad, zogadi sasaubro interaqcia 4.4.3.1),
deskriptorebi areulad ganalageT da Semdeg isev swori TanamimdevrobiT.
3. gadaxedeT punqts 4.4.1 (produqtiuli aqtivobebi da strategiebi) da da-
akvirdiT, rogor moxda doneebis zedmiwevniT dayofa. daxedeT qvedanayofs A2
doneze da daakvirdiT, Tu rogor SeiZleba misi dayofa A2.1 da A2.2 doneebad.
4. gaanalizeT Tqvens sistemaSi gamoyenebuli doneTa deskriptorebi da
SeadareT isini kompetenciebis doneTa deskriptorebs. daiwyeT erTi aqtivobis /
unaris SerCeviT da scadeT Tqveni sistemis doneTa deskriptorebis gaumjobe-
seba da maTi misadageba kompetenciebis doneebTan.
155
samuSao furceli 3
kurikulumis kategoriebis gansazRvra Tanamedrove enebisaTvis.
konteqsti
nebismier adamians, romelic monawileobs Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumis
SemuSavebaSi, naswavli aqvs sul mcire erTi Tanamedrove ena. am aqtivobebis mi-
zania (davaleba 1) muSa jgufis wevrebis dafiqreba SesamuSavebeli kurikulumis
SesaZlo kategoriebze, warsulSi enis swavlis praqtikuli gaTvaliswinebiT.
alternatiuli saxiT, monawileebs SeuZliaT amosaval wertilad arse-
buli kurikulumi aiRon da Seasrulon davaleba 2.
davaleba 1
1. enis swavlis sakuTari gamocdileba gauziareT jgufs. ra enebi
giswavliaT da rogor? rogoria Tqveni gamocdileba? rogor iyo midgoma?
rogori iyo saxelmZRvaneloebi? ra saxis aqtivobebsa da savarjiSoebs as-
rulebdiT? ramdenad gansxvavdeba isini amJamindeli midgomisagan?
2. gadaxedeT kompetenciebis me-4 Tavis sarCevs da daakvirdiT, moce-
muli kategoriebidan romelime Tu identificirdeba Tqvens sakuTar gamocdile-
baSi. Tqveni azriT, romeli kategoriebi unda iqnes Setanili axal kurikulumSi?
davaleba 2
1. gadaxedeT arsebul kurikulums, romelic unda ganaxldes an modifi-
cirdes. SearCieT masSi mocemuli erTi an ori kategoria da kompetenciebSi mo-
iZieT punqti, romelic am kategoriebs ganixilavs.
2. ras fiqrobT pirvelad dokumentSi gakeTebul arCevanze?
3. xom ar SescvlidiT rames, kompetenciebis mier SemoTavazebuli of-
ciebis mixedviT?
ramdenime idea da magaliTi:
• azri aqvs sferoebis, situaciebis, Temebis Setanas (punqti 4.1 da 4.2)
• tradiciulad, gamoiyofoda oTxi unari _ mosmenis, kiTxvis,
metyvelebisa da weris. kompetenciebSi moxda Semdgomi dayofa,
romelmac moicva zepiri interaqcia, zepiri producireba, mediacia,
werilobiTi interaqcia, werilobiTi producireba, a. S. (punqti 4.4)
Tqvens konteqstSi, ramdenad gamosadegi iqneba oTxi tradiciuli
kategoriis ufro metad dayofa?
• unda moxdes teqstis tipebis moxsenieba? (punqti 4.6)
• unda ganisazRvros davalebebi? (davalebebis ganvrcobis ganxilvi-
saTvis ix. Tavi 7)
• ra roli eniWeba strategiebs da unda moxdes maTi gansazRvra?
(punqti 4.4).
156
samuSao furceli 4
kurikulumis kategoriebis gansazRvra Tanamedrove enebisaTvis
konteqsti
kurikulumis reformirebis komitetis wevrebs SeiZleba gansxvavebuli
Sexeduleba hqondeT skolaSi Tanamedrove enebis swavlasa da swavlebaze. Cvens
xelT arsebuli kvlevebis didi nawili daumTavrebelia, magram komitetis
wevrebma (an skolis an saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis Tanamedrove enebis
ganyofilebis wevrebma) SeiZleba isurvon sakuTari Sexedulebebis gaziareba da
enis swavlasa da swavlebasTan mimarTebaSi saerTo midgomis gamonaxva. am
aqtivobebis mizania diskusiis warmarTva calkeuli provokaciuli mosazrebebiT.
davaleba
ganixileT Semdegi mosazrebebi:
1. enebis SeswavlisaTvis idealuri variantia mocemul enasTan rac
SeiZleba xSiri urTierToba Semswavlelis mxridan.
2. Sesaswavli enis TiTqmis eqskluziurad gamoyeneba saklaso
oTaxis farglebSi enis swavlebis erT-erTi yvelaze ufro
efeqturi aspeqtia.
3. avTentikur testebs da sakomunikacio situaciebs yovelTvis
upiratesoba unda eniWebodeT Seqmnil masalebTan mimarTebaSi.
4. sawyis etapze, unda moxdes SemswavlelTa stimulireba, rom maT
rac SeiZleba ufro metad gamoiyenon ena, gamoTqmasa da gramati-
kaSi dakavSirebuli Secdomebis miuxedavad.
5. sakompensacio strategiebis swavleba maSinaa gamarTlebuli,
roca Semswavlelebs ukve naswavli aqvT ena drois garkveul pe-
riodSi.
6. gansakuTrebiT sawyis etapebze, aucilebelia savarjiSoebis
(drilebis) gamoyeneba.
7. leqsikonis Sedgena saukeTeso variantia SemswavlelTa mier
leqsikuri maragis dauflebisaTvis.
8. eleqtronuli fostis saSualebiT azrTa urTierTgacvlas didi
dro miaqvs da Zalze umniSvnelo wvlili Seaqvs enis Seswavlis
procesSi.
157
!!
Ubwj!WJ!!
maiq maqoSi
kurikulumis organizeba da miwodeba
1. principebi da sakiTxebi
enobrivi ganaTlebis organizeba da miwodeba kompleqsuri saqmea. urigo
ar iqneba, gadavxedoT aseTi saqmianobis Sedegebs, rasac kurikulumis kuTxiT
arsebuli politikis interpretirebis mcdelobis saxe eqneba, rom moxdes samo-
qmedo enis swavlebis programis ganviTareba. Cveulebriv, aseTi programebis gan-
sazRvra xdeba im parametrebiT, romlebic mocemulia `kompetenciiT~ dasaTaure-
bul abzacSi. Tumca, sxva parametrebic sakuTar rols asrulebs nebismieri mo-
cemuli programis ganviTarebaSi, Semotanasa da marTvaSi.
Semdegi principebi da koncefciebi, Cveulebriv, ukavSirdeba enobrivi ga-
naTlebis organizebasa da miwodebas:
Semswavlelze orientacia
Semswavlelis kompetenciis gaumjobeseba erT an ramdenime ucxo enaze,
enis Seswavlis SesaZleblobaTa ZiriTadi mizania. am SesaZleblobebis organ-
izebasa da miwodebaze daxarjuli Zalisxmeva gamarTlebul unda iqnes im sarge-
bliT, romelsac Rebulobs Semswavleli. am konteqstSi aucilebelia imis ganx-
ilva, Tu ramdenad eqvemdebareba swavlas is, rasac sTavazoben SemswavlelTa
nebismier mocemul kontingents.
maswavlebelze orientacia
SemswavlelTa didi umravlesoba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli maswav-
leblebze, romlebic uzrunvelyofen maT megzurobas, gaTviTcnobierebulobasa
da stimulirebas kurikulumis farglebSi. maswavleblebi mTavar rols asrule-
ben enis Seswavlis SesaZleblobaTa organizebasa da miwodebaSi da amitom, ku-
rikulumis miwodebis cvlilebis epicentrSi unda imyofebodnen. erTi mxriv, es
badebs SekiTxvas saTanadod momzadebuli maswavleblebis da maTi ganviTarebis
xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb. meore mxriv, saWiroa ganxilul iqnes, Tu ramdenad
SesaZlebelia ama Tu im silabusiT swavleba.
kompetencia
nebismieri enis kurikulumi aucileblad ganixilavs sazogadoebas ama Tu
im WrilSi, enebis mocemul arCevansa da doneebs, Semswavlelis moTxovnebis er-
Tobliobas asakis, donis, saswavlo stilis, kompetenciis doneebis, amocanebisa
da sertificirebis mixedviT. aucilebelia, xelmZRvanelma pirebma da / an dawe-
sebulebebma sakuTari programebi am parametrebis gaTvaliswinebiT aRweron, rom
SesZlon TavianT aqtivobebze efeqturad fokusireba.
158
gamWvirvaloba
enobriv ganaTlebaSi, uamravi partnioria: Semswavlelebi, maswavleblebi,
mSoblebi, skolis xelmZRvanelebi, gamomcdelebi, ganaTlebis sxva seqtorebi,
damsaqmeblebi, sajaro moxeleebi, sagamocdo komisiebi da a. S. maTi partnioroba
qmediTunariani rom iyos, saWiroa gamWvirvaleoba programebis, kursebis, amo-
canebis, Sinaarsis, saswavlo meTodologiis, Sefasebisa da SesaZlo sertifici-
rebis mxriv.
Tanamimdevruloba
partniorTa qselis farglebSi da agreTve, gamomdinare iqidan, rom pro-
gramebi da kursebi orientirebuli unda iyos SemswavlelTa gacnobierebul da
realur moTxovnebze, enobrivi ganaTlebis uzrunvelmyofma pirebma, TavianTi
institutis farglebSi, unda SesZlon Tanamimdevrulobis dacva enis swavlebis
amocanebis gacxadebis, Sinaarsis, meTodologiis, Sefasebisa da sertificirebis,
agreTve, sxva saganmanaTleblo seqtorebTan koordinaciis TvalsazrisiT.
fleqsiuroba
individualuri Semswavlelebis gaTviTcnobierebuli da realuri moTxov-
nebi, sxva saganmanaTleblo seqtorebi da sazogadoeba, rogorc erTi mTlianoba,
mudmivad cvalebadia. moTxovna, rom enis swavlebis programebi fleqsiuri unda
iyos, Zalze marTebulia, gamomdinare iqidan, rom isini arsebobs da / an emijneba
praqtikulad, yvela sxva saganmanaTleblo aqtivobas.
Sefaseba
Sefaseba gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs sxvadasxva skolebisa da ufro
msxvili institutebis seqtorebis mier organizebul an mowodebul enis Seswav-
lis fazebis (ciklebis) uwyvetobis uzrunvelyofaSi. programebis, kursebisa da
maswavleblebis Sefaseba xdeba regularul intervalebSi da pirdapir Tu iri-
bad, mas sakuTar praqtikaSi iyenebs yvela zemoxsenebuli partniori.
1. 1. politikis formulirebidan swavlamde da piriqiT: kurikulumi,
rogorc arasworxazovani procesi
erTi mxriv, sworxazovan midgomebs da meore mxriv, Semswavlelebze
koncentrirebul modelebs da kurikulumis Sedgenis gacnobierebas Soris, didi
dapirispirebaa, rac Akurikulumis SemmuSavebelTa mudmivi SfoTvis sagania.
sworxazovan anu specialistebis midgomebSi moiazreba sworxazovani `jaWvi
gankargulebebisa,~ romelSic mkafiodaa gansazRvruli kurikulumis SemuSavebis
sxvadasxva etapebze gadawyvetilebebis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli rolebi da
pasuxismgebloba. Semswavlelze koncentrirebul midgomebSi `gankargulebaTa
jaWvi~ ar arsebobs, gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi monawileobs yvela partniori.
kompetenciebis erT-erTi mTavari maxasiaTebeli, iseve rogorc am
gzamkvlevisa, aris misi Ria xasiaTi. ar xdeba kurikulumis SedgenasTan
dakavSirebuli romelime konkretuli midgomisadmi mimxroba. Zogadi
kompetenciebis msgavsad, am gzamkvlevis Ria xasiaTi ganapirobebs kurikulumis
organizatorebis, SemmuSaveblebis, administratorebis, menejerebis,
maswavleblebisa da Semswavlelebis moqmedebas samuSao garemos mixedviT.
kurikulumi ganixileba procesad, romelSic urTierTqmedebs mravali faqtori
da etapi. amitom kompetenciebi ver iqneba mxolod calmxrivad dainteresebuli:
rogor unda moxdes imis Cadeba saswavlo aqtebSi, rac ukve daigegma. is ufro
metad dainteresebulia im ofciebiT, romlebic xelmisawvdomia kurikulumis
organizebasa da miwodebaze pasuxismgebeli pirebisaTvis da im SezRudvebiT,
romlebsac isini awydebian.
159
miuxedavad imisa, erovnul saganmanaTleblo WrilSi, saSualo skolebis
kurikulumis organizebis reformas ganvixilavT, Tu erTi konkretuli
institutis winaSe mdgar problemebs, nebismieri kurikulumis organizeba da
miwodeba gulisxmobs, rom zogadi politika ukve formulirebulia da rom
formulirebis procesSi gaTvaliswinebul iqna, Tu rogor unda moxdes
mocemuli kurikulumis praqtikaSi gatareba da Sefaseba
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT am nawilis SesavalSi, dagegmva, praqtikaSi
gatareba da Sefaseba ganixileba kurikulumis procesis ara sam gancalkevebul
fazad, aramed erTi procesis sam interaqtiul aspeqtad.
1. 2. vis exeba organizeba da miwodeba?
kurikulumis organizebasa da miwodebaSi CarTulni arian eqspertTa ko-
mitetebi, administratorebi, gamomcdelebi, maswavlebelTa trenerebi, mTavari
maswavleblebi, ufrosi maswavleblebi, avtorebi, inspeqtorebi da mravali sxva
adamiani. bolo aTi weli mowmea ganaTlebis yvela seqtorSi profesionalizmis
zrdisa da Sesabamisad enis swavlebis programebis SesrulebaSi profesionalTa
zrdisa da Sesabamisad enis swavlebis programebis SesrulebaSi profesionalTa
mzardi raodenobisa. es potenciuri gaumjobeseba ganpirobebulia saerTo
mizniT, romelic daisaxa profesionalebs Soris arsebuli efeqturi da produ-
qtiuli komunikaciiT. yoveli axali profesia (masalebis avtorebi, maswavle-
belTa trenerebi, akademiuri mmarTvelebi, gamomcdelebi, xarisxis makontrole-
blebi, a.S) Tavdapirvelad TviTdamkvidrebas axdenda an jer kidev am procesSia.
Tanac, yovel saganmanaTleblo seqtorSi arsebuli miznebi da SezRudvebi uni-
kaluria da amitom TiToeul seqtors sakuTari eqspertebi hyavs.
demografiuli tendenciebi, farTo politikuri da saganmanaTleblo
miznebi, kurikulumSi, rogorc erT mTlianobaSi, enebis roli, resursebi
momzadebuli maswavleblebis TvalsazrisiT, drois faqtori da infrastru-
qtura, vaWrobisa da mrewvelobis, iseve rogorc Semswavlelisa da maswav-
leblis moTxovnebi sruliad gansxvavebulia da damokidebulia imaze, dawyebiT
skolebs, zrdasrulTa ganaTlebas Tu saSualo an mesame saganmanaTleblo
seqtors ganvixilavT.
sanam xels movkidebT romelime kurikulumis proeqts, saWiroa rolebsa
da funqciebs dokumenturi saxe mieces iseve, rogorc zogad kompetenciebs, ro-
melTa farglebSic unda moxdes maTi Sesruleba. Kkompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs
CarCos aseT CamoyalibebisaTvis.
1. 3. kompetenciebi, rogorc pirobiTi niSnebis sistema
enobrivi ganaTlebis micema SeiZleba aRwerili da marTuli iqnes
sxvadasxva kuTxiT. maswavlebelTa trenerebs ar amoZravebT igive interesebi,
rac cxrilebis momzadebaSi, masalebis SerCevasa Tu testirebaSi CarTul ada-
mianebs. erT-erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxi kurikulumSi cvlilebebis an novaciebis
Setanisas, aris safrTxe, rom am procesSi monawile partniorebs Soris
SeiZleba iyos paeqroba, an ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, isini SeiZleba Camoyalibdnen, ma-
gram sxvebma ver SesZlon maTi gageba. programebis interpretireba da Sesruleba
sxvadasxva partniorebis mier aramdgradia.
kompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs mravalmxriv standartebs kurikulumis
procesSi monawile yvela partniorisaTvis. rogorc aseTi, igi uSvebs iseT
situaciis arsebobas, sadac SesaZlebelia pasuxismgeblobis sferoebis
danawileba, procesSi monawile partniorebis Semxeobis farglebis gansazRvra
da zogadi miznebis erToblivad formulireba. amgvarad, Teoriulad mainc,
SesaZlebelia zemoT aRwerili gamWvirvaleobisa da Tanamimdevrulobis princi-
pebis dacva.
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1. 4. cvlilebis marTva an misTvis Tavis garTmeva
kurikulumis organizeba, praqtikaSi gatareba da miwodeba gulisxmobs
cvlilebebs, rasac yovelTvis Tan axlavs riski, magram agreTve Sansebis Seqm-
nisa da maTgan sargeblis miRebis SesaZlebloba. zogierTi adamiani am procese-
bis mesaWea da faqtiurad, marTavs maT, qmnis ra SesaZleblobebs gaumjobese-
bisaTvis da maTi saSualebiT warmatebis miRwevisaTvis, xolo zogierTi Semoi-
fargleba pasiuri rolis SesrulebiT, rac gulisxmobs ubralod Tavis garTme-
vas moqmedebaSi moyvanili nebismieri ganviTarebisaTvis; magram adamianebis orive
kategoria damokidebulia mTel rig faqtorebze:
partniorebi / agentebi
enis swavlebis nebismieri programis organizebasa da miwodebaSi CarTul
sxvadasxva partniorebs erTnairad unda esmodeT, ra da ratom saWiroebs ganvi-
Tarebas. erTnari unda iyos maTi Sexeduleba imasTan mimarTebaSic, Tu rogor
unda moxdes cvlileba ise, rom misi Sedegebi warmatebuli iyos. Tu procesSi
monawile ramdenime partnioric ki, romelic erTnairad ukmayofilo ar aris
status quo-Ti, ewinaaRmdegeba cvlilebas, aman SeiZleba TviT yvelaze ukeT
Sedgenili programis daSlac ki gamoiwvios. Tanac, enobrivi ganaTlebis mice-
maSi maswavleblebis wamyvani rolidan gamomdinare, yuradReba unda mieqces maTi
ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmnas da stimulis moZiebas.
resursebi
kurikulumis SemuSveba, xSir SemTxvevaSi, gulisxmobs investirebas ada-
mianuri, finansuri da struqturuli resursebis TvalsazrisiT. mzaobam da
valdebulebam jer kidev unda SesZlos aseTi resursebis Rirebulebis gada-
wonva, nebismieri programis warmatebiT Sesrulebis interesebidan gamomdinare.
magaliTad, meore enis swavlebis axali programa dawyebiT safexurze, warmate-
buli ver iqneba, Tu maswavlebelTa treningis Rirebulebis dafarva da mxardam-
Weri personalis uzrunvelyofa mocemuli xelmZRvanelobis finansuri SesaZle-
blobis farglebs aRemateba. programebis Sedgenasa da miwodebaze pasuxismge-
beli pirebi unda axarisxebdnen im finansur da struqturul resursebsac,
romlebic saWiroa warmatebisaTvis.
cvlilebebis meTodi / Carevis xarisxi
valdebulebisa da resursebis msgavsad, meTodis SerCevas ama Tu im
procesis dawyebisa da warmatebiT ganviTarebisaTvis, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
aqvs. Carevis xarisxis gansazRvra (sad da rogor SeiZleba movaxerxoT sakuTari
Setyobinebis efeqturad miwodeba?) moicavs iseT faqtorebs, rogoricaa: ma-
salebis SerCeva, maswavlebelTa valdebulebis xarisxi calkeuli masalebis mi-
wodebis mxriv, mocemuli testis Semotana-arSemotana programis bolos, maswav-
lebelTa momzadeba mowveuli `eqspertebis~ Tu adgilobrivi `konsultantebis~
mier, mocemuli sagnis / enisaTvis gamoyofili saaTebi im drosTan SedarebiT,
romelic eTmoba sxva sagnebs, a. S. am mxriv arCevani xSirad cxadyofs, Tu
rogor kulturasa da tradiciebs aniWebs upiratesobas mocemuli xelmZRvaneli,
instituti an skola. imisaTvis, rom Tavidan aviciloT aseTi procesisaTvis
ubralod Tavis garTmevis an misi ubralod midevnis riski, saWiroa arCevani
Riad gakeTdes, rom igi gasagebi da misaRebi iyos yvela partniorisaTvis.
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momdevno nawili ganixilavs xelmisawvdom ofciebs, romlebic gansaz-
Rvravs kurikulumis cvlilebis organizebasa da miwodebaSi Carevis xarisxs.
agreTve, mocemulia am ofciebis miwodebis kompetenciebiseuli varianti.
2. Carevis xarisxi da kompetenciebis gamoyeneba
kurikulumis organizebasa da miwodebaSi
rogoric ar unda iyos kurikulumis organizebasa da miwodebaSi Carevis
xarisxi, am procesSi monawile yvela partniors SeuZlia isargeblos
kompetenciebis mxardaWeriT da mis sakontrolo furclebSi, Sejamebebsa da
gansaxilveli sferos Sesaxeb Sedgenil sistematur angariSebSi mocemuli
informaciiT. es nawili uzrunvelyofs kompetenciebis miTiTebebs, Carevis
sxvadasxva SesaZlo xarisxis mixedviT.
2. 1. programis Sedgena
kompetenciebis me-2 TavSi naTqvamia, rom enobrivi ganaTlebis micema
moiazrebs silabusebis gansazRvras, davalebebSi, TemebSi, kompetenciebSi, a. S.
asaxuli enis Seswavlis amocanebis CaTvliT:
• Semswavlelis saerTo pirovnuli kompetenciebis ganviTareba (codna,
unarebi, midgomebi, swavlis codna)
• sakomunikacio enobrivi kompetenciis gaumjobeseba;
• erTi an ramdenime enobrivi aqtivobis ukeT Sesruleba (recefcia,
producireba, interaqcia da mediacia)
• gaumjobeseba mocemuli sferos farglebSi (sazogadoebrivi,
profesiuli, saganmanaTleblo an pirovnuli)
• SemswavlelTa sakomunikacio strategiebisa da ufro meti
davalebisaTvis Tavis garTmevis unaris gaumjobeseba da gamravalferovneba.
* ra saxiT akeTebs ufro met aqcents calkeul sferoebze (enis Seswavlis
amocanebze) Tqveni programa? rogor ganumartavT amas maswavleblebsa da
Semswavlelebs?
kompetenciebi adgens ofciebs maTTvis, vinc pasuxismgebelia
gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaze da enobrivi ganaTlebis organizebasa da miwodebaze,
enobrivi mravalferovnebis xelSewyobis saerTo amocanis konteqstSi. es
gulisxmobs enis kursebis saswavlo programebis Seswavlas im gzebTan erTad,
romlebic ukve ganvles Semswavlelebma an romlebic SeiZleba samomavlod
airCion, rom ganiviTaron enobrivi unarebi ramdenime enaSi. aseTma ganxilvam
SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairi Sedegi gamoiRos:
• nebismieri institutis mier SemoTavazebuli enis kursebis
programebi unda migviTiTebdes da asrulebdes uzrunvelyofas
ganaTlebis seqtoris danarCen nawilSi (modularuloba);
• sasurvelia saerTaSoriso masStabi (mravalferovneba, mobiluroba);
• aucilebelia enis Seswavlis SemoTavazebuli SesaZleblobebi
farTo iyos (sxvadasxva enebi, doneebi, amocanebi da a.S)
• enis Seswavlis adrindeli (potenciurad, skolis farglebs gareT)
praqtikis akreditacia.
* Tqveni institutis enis swavlebisa da Seswavlis amocanebi rogor
uTavsdeba ganaTlebis sistemaSi enis swavlebis sxvagvar uzrunvelyofas?
* Tqveni programa da misi amocanebis ganacxadi zustad gansazRvravs mo-
bilurobis masStabs? ramdenad miesadageba igi Tqvens Semswavlelebs?
* uzrunvelyofs Tqveni programebi SemswavlelTa megzurobas? rogor?
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kompetenciebis me-2 Tavi gvTavazobs parametrebis erTobliobas, romelTa
farglebSic SesaZlebelia enis swavlebis silabusebis ganxilva, Sedareba da
koordinireba:
enis gamoyeneba, enis swavlasTan erTad, moicavs aqtivobebs, Sesrulebuls
adamianebis mier, romlebic rogorc individebi da socialuri agentebi
SeimuSaveben rig kompetenciebs, rogorc zogad, ise sakomunikacio enis konkre-
tul kompetenciebs. isini sakuTar gankargulebaSi arsebul kompetenciebs iyene-
ben sxvadasxva konteqstSi, gansxvavebul pirobebsa da gansxvavebuli SezRudve-
bis farglebSi, rom monawileoba miiRon enobriv aqtivobebSi, romlebic moicavs
enobriv procesebs, specifikur sferoebSi arsebul TemebTan dakavSirebuli
teqstebis producirebisa da / an recefciisaTvis. amasTan, xdeba im strategiebis
aqtivizireba, romlebic yvelaze ufro Sesaferis davalebebis SesrulebisaTvis.
monawileTa mier am moqmedebebis monitoringi ganapirobebs aRniSnuli kompeten-
ciebis gaZlierebasa da modificirebas.
* rogor SeiZleba aRiweros Tqveni institutis standarti kompetenciebis
mixedviT ise, rom miRweul iqnes mobilurobisa da portatiulobis miznebi?
* ramdenad edreba Tqveni institutis enis swavlebis silabusi, imave an
sxva saganmanaTleblo seqtorSi, sxva institutebis silabusebs?
2. 2. maswavleblebi
enis kurikulumis organizeba da masSi cvlilebebis Setana moiTxovs am
procesSi maswavlebelTa Tanamonawileobas. Tumca, isic aRsaniSnavia, rom
cvlilebis Setana an ganviTarebis inicireba mocemuli institutis swavlebis
organosTan erTad, delikaturi sakiTxia. maswavleblebi warmoadgendnen
erTgvar Zabrs, romelSic miedineba kurikulumi. maswavleblebi yovelmxriv unda
icnobdnen im enis gamoyenebas, romelsac aswavlian, saswavlo procesebis, kur-
sis monaxazsa da logikur dasabuTebas, maT mier gamoyenebad masalebsa da maTi
kursis farglebSi miRebul Sefasebis formas / formebs. agreTve, maT unda
SeeZloT meTodologiuri gadawyvetilebebis miReba da gamoyeneba rogorc
swavlebisaTvis mzadebisas, ise yovel wuTSi _ swavlebis procesSi. maswavle-
blebisaTvis wayenebuli es mniSvnelovani moTxovna Cadebulia kompetenciebis
midgomaSi enis swavlebasTan, Seswavlasa da maTSi davalebebis rolTan (Tavebi
6 da 7). mivesalmebiT, mkiTvelebis mier kompetenciebSi mocemuli ofciebis de-
talurad ganxilvas.
* gaaCnia Tqvens instituts gamokveTili, profesiuli profili maswavle-
blebisaTvis?
* enis codnis ra minimumi moeTxovebaT maswavleblebs, romlebic muSaobas
iwyeben Tqvens institutSi?
* rogor xdeba amis monitoringi da Sefaseba?
enis maswavlebelTa socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, aRiarebuli
kvalifikaciis xelmisawvdomoba da zemoT aRweril gadawyvetilebaTa tipebTan
mimarTebaSi pasuxismgeblobis delegireba, gansxvavdeba calkeuli institutebis,
enebis, doneebisa da maswavleblebis mixedviT.
naklebad gavrcelebuli enebis maswavleblebs xSirad damoukideblad
uwevT swavlebis dagegmva, Sesruleba da Sefaseba. zeda safexurze
maswavleblebi an erT saxelmZRvanelos iyeneben, rac gamocdisaTvis mzadebas
emsaxureba an zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis SemTxvevaSi, sruli TavisuflebiT
sargebloben, e. w. metyvelebaSi samecadino saaTebisaTvis masalebisa da
meTodebis SerCevis mxriv. zogierTi instituti uzrunvelyofs specialur
163
programebs maswavleblebisaTvis, xolo zogierTi amas ver axerxebs, finansuri
mdgomareobidan gamomdinare an aseT investicias zedmetad miiCnevs. zogierT
maswavlebels eZleva kolegebTan TanamSromlobis saSualeba, magram arian
iseTebic, romlebic am praqtikas ar iziareben.
* Tqvens institutSi ra gzebi moiZebneba maswavlebelTa profesiuli
ganaTlebisaTvis?
* Tqveni maswavleblebi erTad muSaoben Tu damoukideblad?
* axdenT am procesis stimulirebas?
kompetenciebi rogorc farulad, ise daufaravad, miznad isaxavs,
calkeuli ofciebi da arCevani gamWvirvale da Tanamimdevruli gaxados.
kompetenciebis farglebs miRmac ki, mocemuli kurikulumis miwodeba moiTxovs
ara mxolod enasTan, enis gamoyenebasTan da SeswavlasTan dakavSirebiT
arsebuli Sexedulebebis, aramed enis swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli
Sexedulebebisa da midgomebis Tanamimdevrulobasac. igive iTqmis
maswavleblebis mimarTac. maswavlebelTa ganviTarebis mizani SeiZleba iyos
maTi momzadeba imisaTvis, rom maT rac SeiZleba ufro zedmiwevniT gamoiyenon
mocemuli silabusi da gaTvaliswinebuli masalebi, konkretuli ganrigis
farglebSi. aseTi ganviTareba SeiZleba kidev ufro Sors wavides da swavlebis
ostatobis arnaxul simaRleebs miaRwios (magaliTad, swavlebis ganxilva
mkafiod gansazRvruli unarebisa da im codnis WrilSi, romelic ganvrcobasa
da srulyofas moiTxovs), an misi mizani SesaZlebelia iyos maswavleblebis
mkvlevarebad gardaqmna sakuTar saklaso oTaxebSi (maTi swavlebisa da
Semswavlelebis swavlis mudmivad Semowmeba da Sefaseba).
roca axdenT kompetenciebis maswavlebelTa ganviTarebasTan Sesabamisobis
interpretirebas, ganixilavT mas, rogorc: a) damatebiT damxmare saSualebas
imis gansazRvrisaTvis, Tu ra unda aswavlon maswavleblebma; b) damatebiT
damxmare saSualebas swavlebaSi ostaturobis misaRwevad, Tu g) instruments
maswavleblebisaTvis, Tuki maT mkvlevarebad moviazrebT?
2. 3. silabusebisa da masalebis Seqmna
silabusisa da masalebis Semqmnelebi detalur gadawyvetilebebs
Rebuloben im enis, davalebebis, teqstebisa da aqtivobebis SerCevasa da
mowesrigebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic Semswavlelebs unda waredginos.
Cveulebriv, isini uzrunvelyofen detalur miTiTebebs saklaso da / an
individualuri davalebebisa da aqtivobebisaTvis, romlebic Semswavlelebis
mier unda Sesruldes. es yvelaferi zegavlenas axdens swavlis / swavlebis
procesze da aucileblad unda efuZnebodes im varaudebs, romlebic arsebobs
enis bunebasTan, mis gamoyenebasa da enis swavlis procesTan mimarTebaSi.
mokled rom vTqvaT, es yvelaferi efuZneba im mosazrebas, Tu ra eqvemdebareba
swavlebas da ris swavlis unari aqvs mocemul jgufs, mocemuli drois
farglebSi. rogorc aseTi, kurikulumis ganviTareba xSirad xdeba silabusSi
cvlilebebis SetaniT da axali masalebis gamoyenebiT.
kompetenciebi SeimuSavebs mravlismomcvel midgomas enis gamoyenebis
gansazRvrisaTvis da uzrunvelyofs enis gamoyenebisa da Seswavlis zogad muSa
models, zemoT ganxiluli parametrebis farglebSi. amasTan, kompetenciebis me-4
da me-5 Tavebi detalurad adgens enis gamoyenebis aRwerilobisa da
TviTSemswavlelTa kompetenciebis kategoriebs, maSin, roca me-7 Tavi ufro
dawvrilebiT ganixilavs davalebebis, rogorc enis gamoyenebis gaanalizebisa da
paketebad formirebis saSualebebs, enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis konteqstSi.
yvela es sfero gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa enis kursis SeqmnaSi, uzrunvelyofs
ra safuZvels enis saswavlo masalebis analizisa da ganviTarebisaTvis.
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enis saswavlo masalebis analizisa da ganviTarebis safuZvlad gamoyeneba,
moiazrebs enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis processac. kompetenciebis me-6 Tavi
ganixilavs am sakiTxebs da mouwodebs praqtikosebs sakuTari varaudebis
zedmiwevniT warmoCenisaken.
kompetenciebis me-3 Tavi exeba enobrivi kompetenciebis doneebis, maTi
aRwerilobisa da gamoyenebis sakiTxebs. doneebis deskriptorebi silabusisa da
masalebis Semqmnelebs uzrunvelyofs sayrdenebiT. enobrivi ganaTlebis
organizeba da micema moiTxovs kompetenciis im doneebis yuradRebiT ganxilvas,
romlebic moeTxovebaT Semswavlelebs an romelTa miRwevac nebismieri
programis mizania.
* varaudi, romelic safuZvlad udevs Tqvens silabuss da / an masalebs,
exeba enas, mis gamoyenebas, imas, Tu rogor swavloben enas da miuTiTebs Tu ara
kompetenciebis doneTa gamWvirvale skalebze?
* Tu es asea, Tanamimdevrulia igi zogadi kurikulumis mier SerCeuli
midgomisa?
2. 4. Semswavlelis mxardaWera
enis Seswavlisas studentebi gaivlian saganmanaTleblo seqtorsa da
instituts, romlebic enis swavlebas gvTavazoben, moipoveben skolis farglebs
gareT enis Seswavlis gamocdilebasac. es imas niSnavs, rom mocemuli kursis
Sedgenisa da masalebis Seqmnisas, enis gamoyenebis parametrebisa da
meTodologiuri ofciebis dayofis garda, enobrivi ganaTlebis micemaze
pasuxismgeblebs unda SeeZloT `vertikaluri ganzomilebis~ Seqmnac, romelic
asaxavs aRmaval doneebs Semswavlelis codnis aRwerisaTvis. doneebis skalebze
enis Seswavlis SesaZlo amocanebisa da gzebis proeqcia saSualebas aZlevs
Semswavlelebs garkveuli warmodgena Seiqmnan imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ras
akeTeben.
yvela instituti sakuTari kursebis organizebas axdens doneTa
mravalferovani sistemebis mixedviT. aseTi sistemebi igeba saswavlo drois,
seriuli saxelmZRvaneloebis, institutSi Sesasvlelad aucilebeli testebisa
da gare gamocdebis irgvliv. kursis programebis msgavsi organizebac
(miuxedavad imisa, rom igi arc Zalian zedmiwevniTia, mainc mniSvnelovania
SemswavlelebisaTvis mocemuli institutis farglebSi). aucilebelia, rom
Semswavlelebs, maswavleblebsa da menejerebs saorientacio aspeqtebi
SevTavazoT. kompetenciebis me-3 Tavi da danarTebi skalirebasa da doneebTan
mimarTebaSi adgens mravlismomcvel ofciebs da amasTan, uzrunvelyofs erTgvar
safuZvels, romelze dayrdnobiTac institutebs SeuZliaT ganixilon sakuTari
skalireba, SemswavlelTaTvis gamWvirvale da mniSvnelovani mxardaWeris
SeTavazebisaTvis.
kompetenciebi ayalibebs ofciebs codnis amsaxveli skalebis ganviTarebis,
orientirebisa da prezentaciisaTvis da Tan qmnis SesaniSnav resurss maTTvis,
vinc axdens enobrivi ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofis organizebas.
• kompetenciebis mier SemoTavazebuli kategoriebis aRweris skala
gamosadegia Tqveni SemswavlelebisaTvis?
• iziarebT Tu ara kompetenciebis mosazrebas, rom saerTo skala
xelsayreli iqneba TqvenTvis da Tqveni SemswavlelebisTvis Semdegi
TvalsazrisiT: amocanebis dasaxva, silabusebis koordinireba, codnis Sefaseba,
SemTxveviT swavlis Sefaseba, enis flobis profilebis cnoba an sxvadasxva
saganmanaTleblo seqtorebs Soris komunikacia?
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ELP SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes kompetenciebis logikur ganviTarebad da
misi zrunva Semswavlelebis mxardaWeris uzrunvelsayofad, pasuxobs
Semswavlelebze orientirebulobis, gamWvirvaleobisa da fleqsiurobis
principebs. evropis sabWos direqtivebi da modelebi, romlebic xelmisawvdomia
ELP-isTvis, warmodgens ganaTlebis mTeli seqtorebisa da individualuri
institutebisaTvis ZiriTad instruments, rom moxdes Semswavlelebis da
maswavleblebis saWiro daxmarebiT uzrunvelyofa, maT mier enis Seswavlis
kuTxiT mopovebuli miRwevebisa da gegmebis sqematizaciisaTvis. ELP rogorc
aseTi, warmoadgens axal amosaval wertils, gvTavazobs ra instruments,
romelic nebismieri silabusisa da masalebis nakrebisagan damoukideblad,
saSualebas iZleva, vacnoboT maswavleblebsa da Semswavlelebs maTi swavlebisa
da swavlis Sesaxeb, da wavaxalisoT isini sakuTari Sexedulebebisa Tu miznebis
formulirebis mizniT.
moergeba ELP Tqveni mxridan enis swavlebis uzrunvelyofas, kursis
dagegmvis doneze mniSvnelovani Carevis, maswavlebelTa treningis da / an
silabusis da masalebis Seqmnis gareSe?
2. 5. swavlisa da swavlebis Sefaseba
kompetenciebi mTlianobaSi da gansakuTrebiT, me-3 Tavi doneebis Sesaxeb,
iribad uzrunvelyofs Sefasebis kriteriumebis erTobliobas. me-9 Tavi
ganixilavs Sefasebis sxvadasxva tipebs da gvTavazobs rCevas da magaliTebs maT
metasistemaSi gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT. amasTan, igi uxvad uzrunvelyofs
ofciebs enobrivi ganaTlebis organizebisa da micemisaTvis. magaliTad,
kompetenciebis me-9 TavSi mocemulia problemebis sakmaod praqtikuli gadaWra,
rac gamoixateba Sefasebis potenciuri kategoriebis masis dayvanaSi
SemfaseblebisaTvis marTvad instrumentebad da SemswavlelebisaTvis
gamWvirvale zomebad.
albaT, erT-erTi yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli (da efeqturi?) gza
cvlilebebis mosaxdenad, kurikulumis ganviTarebis pasuxad, aris enobrivi
miRwevis Sefasebis aspeqtebis gadaxedva da modernizeba. Sefasebis aseTi
ofciebis aRweriT, kompetenciebi ganapirobebs mkiTxvelebis dafiqrebas maT
institutebSi Sefasebis rolze.
• Sefasebis romeli tipebi gamoiyeneba Tqvens institutSi? vis mier?
• ramdenad Seesabameba Sefasebis Tqveneuli meTodebi: a) Tqveni kursis
amocanebsa da b) Tqveni Semswavlelebis warsul gamocdilebasa da
samomavlo moTxovnebs?
miuxedavad imisa, rom sajaro gamocdebisaTvis mzadebis Sefasebis kompe-
tencia ar unda SeizRudos, saWiroa ganxilul iqnes kavSiri institutis pro-
gramasa da gare gamocdebs Soris.
• Tqveni Sefasebis sistema iTvaliswinebs gamWvirvale standartebs?
• ramdenad sasurveli da / an SesaZlebelia sazogadoebrivi gamocdebis sistemis
misadageba zogad kompetenciebTan?
166
samuSao furceli 1
masalebis SerCeva da gamoyeneba
konteqsti
SemswavlelTa mocemul kontingentSi enis swavlisadmi ufro pozitiuri
midgomis miRebis mcdeloba, xSirad moiazrebs SemswavlelebisaTvis ufro
Sesaferis da mimzidveli masalebis Seqmnas. magaliTad, zrdasrulebi miiCneven,
rom patara asakis SemswavlelTaTvis masalebi iqmneba sabavSvo Temebis irgvliv
(rogoricaa, pop kultura, urTierTobebi, sporti, a. S. Sesaswavli kulturis
WrilSi), magram sxva mxriv, isini gamomdinareobs tradiciuli silabusebidan.
masalebis kritikulad Seswavla xSirad amJRavnebs im Rrma, dafarul mizezebs,
romlebic Semswavlelebs am masalebis SeswavlisaTvis saWiro enTuziazms ukar-
gavs. ufro zedmiwevniTi kvleva cxadyofs, rom masalebSi xSirad mJRavndeba
apaTiuri midgoma SemswavlelTa codnisadmi, grZnobebisa da gamocdilebisadmi,
ise TiTqos zrdasrulebi `xeliT kvebas” saWiroebdnen. aseTi midgoma ikiTxeba
zemoxsenebul sabavSvo masalebSic, romlebic motivirebulia axalgazrduli
kulturis uRimRamo imitaciebiT.
kompetenciebis 6.4.6 punqtis gamoyenebiT, kritikulad ganixileT varaudebi
SemswavlelTa sociokulturul, egzistencialur da saswavlo kompetenciasTan
dakavSirebiT, rac safuZvlad udevs Tqvens institutSi gamoyenebad masalebs.
miewodebaT Semswavlelebs kulturuli stereotipebi an sTxoven maT, Tavad ga-
moikvlion is kultura, romelsac miekuTvneba mocemuli ena? Semswavlelebi
ganixilebian sakuTari individualobis mqone mcodne partniorebad, romelTac
SeuZliaT sakuTari wvlili Seitanon ganxilvad sakiTxSi, Tu masalebi gansaz-
Rvravs, rogor unda imoqmedon maT da megzurobas uwevs yovel nabijze?
ra kriteriumebs CamoayalibebdiT da gamoiyenebdiT axali masalebis
SesarCevad, maTi Semswavlelebisadmi midgomis gaTvaliswinebiT?
ra direqtivebs miscemdiT Tqvens maswavleblebs, rom maT pativi scen
SemswavlelTa codnas, gamocdilebasa da grZnobebs da gaiTvaliswinon isini
muSobis procesSi?
167
samuSao furceli 2
strategiebi: definicia Tu miwodeba?
konteqsti
kompetenciebis es nawili agrZelebs imis gansazRvras da ilustrirebas,
Tu romeli strategiebia nagulisxmevi, aq mocemuli Semdegi sqemis mixedviT:
dagegmva Sesruleba monitoringi Sesworeba
producireba
recefcia
interaqcia
mediacia
kompetenciebiT miRebuli gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom tradiciuli oTxi
unaris Semcveli modelis ganvrcoba am cxrilSi mocemuli parametrebis CarT-
viT, SeiZleba gaxdes nayofieri diskusiebis safuZveli da stimuli im sakomuni-
kacio strategiebisa da aqtivobebis axleburad wvdomisaTvis, romlebSic
monawileoben Cveni Semswavlelebi.
davaleba
Tqven silabusSi ramdenad zedmiwevniTaa gansazRvruli da gacxadebuli
sakomunikacio strategiebi?
skalirebuli deskriptorebisa da oTxive kategoriis gamoyenebiT (pro-
ducireba, recefcia, interaqcia da mediacia CEF 4.4) gaakeTeT saswavlo amocane-
bis profilis monaxazi SemswavlelTa jgufebisaTvis, romlebzec pasuxismge-
beli xarT.
kompetenciebis 7.3.2. punqtze dayrdnobiT, ra rekomendaciebs gascemdiT
enis saswavlo davalebebis SedgenasTan mimarTebaSi, rom moxdes Tqvens mier
zemoT aRwerili amocanebis miRweva?
168
samuSao furceli 3
maswavlebelTa profilebi da ganviTareba
konteqsti
`Cveulebriv, maswavleblebs moeTxovebaT nebismieri oficialuri
direqtivebis pativiscema, saxelmZRvaneloebisa da kursis masalebis gamoyeneba
(miuxedavad imisa, SeuZliaT Tu ara maTi gaanalizeba, Sefaseba, SerCeva an
Sevseba), testebis Sedgena da administrireba da moswavleebisa Tu studentebis
sakvalifikacio gamocdebisaTvis momzadeba. maT yovel wuTSi uwevT
gadawyvetilebaTa miReba saklaso aqtivobebis Sesaxeb, romelTa momzadebac,
monaxazis saxiT, winaswar SeuZliaT, magram Semdeg uwevT maTi fleqsiurad
adaptireba, moswavlis / studentis pasuxebidan gamomdinare. maswavleblebs
moeTxovebaT moswavleebis / studentebis progresis monitoringi da gzebis
gamoZebna saswavlo problemebis mignebis, gaanalizebisa da daZlevisaTvis,
agreTve, maTi individualuri saswavlo SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba.
maswavleblebi aucileblad unda erkveodnen saswavlo procesebSi, maTi didi
mravalferovnebisa da imis miuxedavad, rom es garkveuloba SeiZleba iyos
gamocdilebis gaucnobierebeli produqti da ara Teoriuli ganxilvis mkafiod
formulirebuli Sedegi, rac ganixileba im wvlilad, romelic ganaTlebis
sferos mkvlevarebma da maswavlebelTa trenerebma swavlaSi unda Seitanon~.
kompetenciebis 6.3-dan moxmobili es citata aRwers Tqveni
maswavlebleblebisaTvis wayenebul udides moTxovnas.
davaleba
es aRweriloba miesadageba Tqvens maswavleblebs? eTanxmebiT mis yvela
aspeqts? Tu ara, ris damatebaa saWiro, an ra ar miesadageba Tqvens SemTxvevas?
ra SesaZleblobebi aqvT Tqvens maswavleblebs Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis
mocemul sferoSi:
swavlebis unarebi,
klasis marTvis unarebi;
moqmedebaSi kvlevis gamoyenebisa da gamocdilebaze dafiqrebis unari;
swavlis stili;
testirebisa da Sefasebis codna da maTTvis Tavis garTmevis unari;
mocemuli enis sociokulturuli ganzomilebis codna da maTi swavlebis
unari;
kulturaTaSoris midgomebi da unarebi;
literaturis esTetikurad Sefasebis codna da misi studentebSi
ganviTarebis unari;
heterogenul klasebSi individualizaciasTan Tavis garTmevis unari.
!!
169
!Ubwj!WJJ!
! !!
frenk heivorTi
xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontroli enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaSi
1. xarisxTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi enobriv ganaTlebaSi
`is, rasac vakeTeb, sworia?~ da `sworad vakeTeb?~ _ es ori mTavari kiTxva
daismis xarisxTan dakavSirebuli procedurebis gamoyenebisas, aqtivobis nebis-
mier sferoSi, am Tavis pirvel nawilSi, exeba ra kurikulumis proeqtirebasa da
Sedgenas, ganixilavs pirvel SekiTxvaSi Semaval sakiTxebs _ principebs, romle-
bic monawileobs imis gadawyvetaSi, Tu romeli enebis swavleba unda moxdes, ra
asakSi, ra miznebisa da amocanebis misaRwevad. meore nawili, exeba ra enobrivi
ganaTlebis micemasa da organizebas, ganixilavs kurikulumis praqtikaSi gamo-
yenebas, `sworad keTebas~. kompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs konceptualur bazas
orive SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad _ ara preskriptiulad, aramed ofciebis
miTiTebiT, romelTa Sorisac unda gakeTdes arCevani, enis swavlebis bunebasa da
saswavlo aqtivobebTan mimarTebaSi.
mesame nawili ganixilavs procesebisa da procedurebis saWiroebas
xarisxis Sesafaseblad da maT gamoyenebas rogorc dagegmvis, ise miwodebis
fazebSi. aRweril iqneba xarisxis uzrunvelyofasa da kontrolTan dakavSire-
buli sakiTxebi; da enis swavlebis farglebs gareT, xarisxis marTvis zogad
sferoze dayrdnobiT, Seswavlil iqneba aRniSnuli procedurebis gamoyenebis
sakiTxi enis swavlebaSi. naCvenebi iqneba, Tu ramdenad uwyobs xels xarisxis
uzrunvelyofa da kontroli warmatebul praqtikas da imis gansazRvras, Tu
rodisaa saWiro cvlilebis gatareba.
enobrivi ganaTlebis sferoSi aucilebelia naTeli da Tanamimdevruli
warmodgenis Seqmna imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu `ra aris swori~. aranakleb
mniSvnelovania is procedurebic, romelTa meSveobiTac vamowmebT Tu `vakeTebT
sworad~. es imas niSnavs, rom bevr sxva sakiTxTan erTad, unda ganvixiloT Sem-
degic.
• ra kriteriumebi unda iqnes gamoyenebuli gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis
procesSi, rom kurikulumiT gaTvaliswinebul iqnes saTanado
faqtorebi?
• ra nimuSebis mixedviT unda Sefasdes swavlebis / saswavlo
aqtivobebis xarisxi?
• ra procesebis meSveobiT xdeba swavlebis / swavlis dagegmvis, or-
ganizeba da micema?
• rogor xdeba aRniSnuli nimuSebisa da procesebis aRwera da mi-
wodeba ise, rom monawileebisaTvis isini gasagebi iyos da maT
SeeZloT sakuTari wvlilis Setana am nimuSebisa da procesebis
gansazRvrasa da ganviTarebaSi?
170
• saswavlo aqtivobebSi monawileebs _ maswavleblebs, Semswavlelebs,
administratorebs, mSoblebs, a. S. _ ra valdebulebebi gaaCniaT
xarisxTan mimarTebaSi?
• ra procedurebia saWiro swavlebis saswavlo aqtivobebis sameTva-
lyureod da ukukavSiris misaRebad?
• ra procedurebia gaTvaliswinebuli xarisxis kontrolisaTvis? vin
asrulebs maT? rogor unda moxdes xarisxis kontrolis Sedegebis
gamoyeneba dagegmvisa da miwodebis procesebSi?
msgavsi sakiTxebis ganxilvisaTvis saWiroa, SeviswavloT xarisxis uzrun-
velyofisa da kontrolis procedurebis gamoyeneba, zogadad, swavlebaSi da
konkretulad, enobriv ganaTlebaSi, da SevadaroT isini sxva sferoSi arsebul
gavrcelebul midgomebs. es SeiZleba gvTavazobdes sxvadasxva midgomebis gamo-
yenebas enis swavlebasa da saswavlo aqtivobebSi.
1. 1. xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontroli zogadad
koncefciebi da meTodebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo xarisxTan da-
kavSirebul procedurebs, ganviTarda, ZiriTadad, amerikis SeerTebuli State-
bisa da iaponiis industriul garemoSi, meore msoflio omis dros da mis Sem-
dgom periodSi. mizans warmoadgenda producirebis procesebis efeqturobis
gazrda, Secdomebis SemcirebiT _ erT-erTi lozungi iyo `araviTari toleran-
toba SecdomasTan mimarTebaSi~ _ da maRali, standartis Sesabamisi xarisxis
saqonlis warmoeba. am miznis misaRwevad, SemuSavebul iqna calkeuli proce-
durebi da principebi:
_ mza produqtisa da misi Semadgeneli nawilebis daniSnulebis
gaanalizebis moTxovna:
_ komponentebis yuradRebiT Seqmna, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo maTi
daniSnulebisamebr gamoyeneba;
_ gasagebi standartebi mza producirebis daniSnulebasTan mimarTebaSi.
gacnobierebul iqna, rom xarisxis gaumjobeseba mxolod teqnologiuri
progresis gziT SeuZlebeli iyo. iaponia xazs usvamda, rom producirebis
xarisxze pasuxs agebda mwarmoebeli da ara gareSe inspeqtori da rom gunduri
principiT muSaoba ukeTesi iqneboda, radgan SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda Sromis
fleqsiurad da sazrianad organizeba. patara gundebs stimuli mieca
winadadebebisa da xarisxTan dakavSirebuli iniciativebis uzrunvelsayofad,
rom momxdariyo sasurveli midgomisa da damokidebulebis xelSewyoba.
Secdomebis gasworeba Zvir da drois mflangvel siamovnebad miiCneoda da
amitom mizans warmoadgenda Secdomebis erTxel da samudamod aRmofxvra.
xarisxis marTvis koncefcia ukavSirdeba rogorc momsaxurebis
uzrunvelyofas, ise saqonlis warmoebas. gamomdinare iqidan, rom momsaxureba
ise xelSesaxebi ver iqneba, rogorc saqoneli, Semotanil iqna momxmareblis
dakmayofilebis idea da moxda xarisxis masTan dakavSireba _ gamoyenebuli iyo
aseTi lozungebi, rogoricaa `xarisxi gulisxmobs momxmareblis molodinis
gamarTlebas~ da `xarisxi gulisxmobs momxmareblis molodinis gadaWarbebas~.
momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofisas mimwodebelsa da momxmarebels Soris dadebuli
kontraqti SefardebiTia da momsaxurebis xarisxi xSirad ganisazRvreba
pirobiT, romelic aRniSnulia sagarantio furcelze. magaliTad, rkinigza
pirobas iZleva, rom Tu matarebeli ar Camova dadgenil dros X wuTebis
farglebSi, mgzavrebs daubrundebaT bileTis Rirebulebis nawili; an
sastumroebis qselis SemTxvevaSi, mocemulia garantiebi momsaxurebis tipebsa da
siCqaresTan mimarTebaSi. momsaxurebis mniSvnelovani elementi aris SeTavazebis
gasagebad Camoyalibeba _ `TqviT, ras akeTebT / gaakeTeT is, rasac ambobT~.
xarisxis uzrunvelyofa mniSvnelovani aspeqtia warmoebasa da
momsaxurebaSi da aseve mniSvnelovani faqtori gaxda kompaniebisa da sxva
organizaciebis marTvaSi. procedurebi iyofa `xarisxis uzrunvelyofad~ _
171
nabijebi, romlebic unda gadaidgas maRali xarisxis saqonlis warmoebisa da
momsaxurebis uzrunvelsayofad; da `xarisxis kontrolad~ _ procedurebi,
romlebic gulisxmobs Semowmebas, Sepirebuli xarisxis misaRwevad. xarisxis
uzrunvelyofis idea gaCnda sazogadoebriv sferoSic. magaliTad, mTavrobebi
adgenen specifikur standartebs jandacvisa Tu ganaTlebis xarisxis
uzrunvelsayofad.
aseve, adgili hqonda SromiTi urTierTobebis gansazRvris mcdelobasac
im TvalsazrisiT, rom maTze zegavlenas axdens momxmareblis dakmayofilebis
faqtori. organizaciaSi moRvawe yovel adamians sakuTari momxmareblebi hyavs,
Sida an gare, romelTa moTxovnebic unda daakmayofilos, xolo mimwodeblebi,
uzrunvelyofen ra momsaxurebas, saSualebas aZleven adamianebs, efeqturad
Seasrulon sakuTari davalebebi.
rogorc, zogadad, ise konkretul aqtivobasTan mimarTebaSi standartebis
dasadgenad mravali organizacia Seiqmna. isini akontroleben am standartebis
validurobasac. saerTaSoriso standartebis organizacias (ISO) gaaCnia mTeli
rigi normebi, magaliTad, ISO 9000 emsaxureba warmoebis sferos da amasTan
sxvadasxva tipis skolebsac. ISO-s sertificireba amowmebs saTanado
procedurebis Catarebas, rom uzrunvelyofil iqnes xarisxTan mimarTebaSi
standartebis gamoyeneba, Tumca TviT producirebisa da momsaxurebis xarisxs ar
ganixilavs. saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi, ISO gaakontrolebs procedurebs
swavlebis xarisxis meTvalyureobasa da Sefasebaze, magram aranairad ar
Seafasebs TviT saklaso oTaxSi Catarebuli samuSaos xarisxs.
aqtivobis mraval sferoSi kargad aTviTcnobiereben koncefcias xarisxis
Sesaxeb. es, gansakuTrebiT, exeba im sferoebs, sadac xdeba producirebis an
momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa saxelmwifo Tu komerciuli sawarmoebis mier., enis
Seswavla da swavlebac SegviZlia ganvixiloT xarisxis, misi Sefasebisa da
kontrolis aspeqtSi.
pauza dafiqrebisaTvis
daufiqrdiT Tqvens yoveldRiur tranzaqciebsa da aqtivobebs.
ra kriteriumebs mimarTavT producirebisa da momsaxurebis xarisxis
Sesafaseblad?
1. 2. xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontroli
saganmanaTleblo konteqstebSi
saxelmwifo ganaTlebaSi xarisxis marTva, Cveulebriv, arazedmiwevniT da
xSirad, arasistematur xasiaTs atarebs. bevr qveyanaSi xarisxis kontrolze
pasuxs agebdnen ganaTlebis saministros inspeqtorebi, romelTa movaleobaSi
Sedioda ara mxolod skolebis inspeqtireba, aramed akreditebac; zogierT
qveyanaSi inspeqtorebs evalebodaT maswavleblebze meTvalyureoba da maTi
Sefaseba, rac zegavlenas axdenda maswavlebelTa xelfassa da karieraze. bolo
wlebSi inspeqtorebi, ZiriTadad, Semoifarglebian skolebisaTvis rCevis micemiT
da kargi praqtikis xelSewyobiT. kontroli da sanqciebi maT kompetenciaSi aRar
Sedis.
Sida xarisxis uzrunvelyofis procedurebic Zalze gansxvavdeboda.
Cveulebriv, nakleb meTvalyureobas eqvemdebareboda swavleba da maswavleblebi
marto muSaobdnen, gaivlidnen ra aprobirebas. zogierT skolaSi klasebze
meTvalyureobas awarmoebs departamentis xelmZRvaneli an arsebobs
urTierTmeTvalyureobis sistema, magram es praqtika ganzogadebuli ar aris da
ufro gavrcelebulia kerZo ganaTlebaSi da ara saxelmwifo sistemaSi.
miuxedavad zemoxsenebulisa, bolo wlebSi mometebulad daiwyo zrunva im
mxriv, rom skolebi eqvemdebarebodnen standartebs da pasuxs agebdnen xarisxze.
zogierT qveyanaSi skolebma Seqmnes saskolo programebi _ ganacxadebi sakuTar
172
miznebsa da maTi miRwevis saSualebebze, ramdenime institutma SesZlo ISO 9001
serTifikatis mopovebac.
enis kerZo skolebi ufro metad arian dainteresebulni imiT, rom
konkurentunariani moswavleebi hyavdeT da amitomac, mniSvnelovnad ganaviTares
inspeqtirebis sqemebi, kargi praqtikis kontrolisa da akreditebisaTvis.
britaneTis sabWo axdens inglisuri enis administrirebas britaneTis
saakreditacio sistemaSi da meTvalyureobs rogorc kerZo, ise ganaTlebis
Semdgom safexurze arsebul institutebs. arsebobs ramdenime erovnuli
asociaciac, romlebic emsaxureba xarisxis uzrunvelyofas akreditebis gziT da
gascems xarisxis damadasturebel serTifikatebs skolebisaTvis. SOUFFLE-safrangeTSi, IQDeutsch-germaniaSi; CELE-espaneTSi, QUEST-rumineTSi aRniSnuli
iniciativis ramdenime magaliTia. EAQUALS-s (enis xarisxis samsaxuris evropuli
asociacia) gaaCnia inspeqtirebis sistema, romlis samoqmedo kodeqsic iTvalis-
winebs qartiebis gacemas SemswavlelebisaTvis, personalisaTvis da sainforma-
cio uzrunvelyofisaTvis. man akreditacia misca skolebs TerTmet saxelmwi-
foSi, mraval enasTan mimarTebaSi.
1. 3. xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontrolis gamoyeneba
enis swavlebasa da SeswavlaSi
Cveni mizani ar aris industriul da komerciul konteqstebSi arsebuli
xarisxis uzrunvelyofis modelebis mTlianad gamoyeneba saganmanaTleblo
aqtivobebSi. arc is gvinda, rom enis swavlebaSi miznebis miRweva momxmarebelTa
dakmayofilebis martivi kriteriumebis mixedviT xdebodes. Tumca, isic aRsaniS-
navia, rom sxva sferoebis msgavsad, enobrivi ganaTlebac momxmarebelTa moTxov-
nebs unda akmayofilebdes. saubaria, zogadad, Semswavlelebze, mSoblebze,
dasaqmebulebze rogorc saxelmwifo ganaTlebis, ise kerZo seqtoris
SemTxvevaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, urigo ar iqneba, gaviTvaliswinoT enis swav-
lebis farglebs gareT arsebuli gamocdileba da SevafasoT, ramdenad SesaZle-
beli an SeuZlebelia misi gamoyeneba.
enis Seswavla da swavleba kompleqsuri movlenebia da SeuZlebelia maT-
Tan mimarTebaSi xarisxis uzrunvelyofis erTi romelime martivi modelis gamo-
yeneba. Seswavlisa da swavlebis procesebze zegavlenas axdens SemswavlelTa da
maswavlebelTa individualuroba da maT Soris arsebuli urTierTobebi. Si-
naarsi da sadiskusio Temebi ganisazRvreba maT irgvliv samyaroSi mimdinare
movlenebiT. miuxedavad amisa, saWiroa maRali standartebis dakmayofilebis
miznad dasaxva da im kriteriumebis dadgena, romelTa mixedviTac moxdeba swav-
lebis / swavlis xarisxis Sefaseba. faqtorebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebul unda
iqnes am kriteriumebis dadgenisas, moicavs:
• saskolo sistemis safuZvelSi arsebul sabazo ganaTlebis principebsa
da mrwamss.
arsebobs Tu ara konsensusi enis swavlebisa da Seswavlis miznebTan mi-
marTebaSi? kompetenciebi Segnebulad aridebs Tavs preskriptiulobas _ `Cveni
mizani ar aris vukarnaxoT praqtikosebs, ra da rogor akeTon...~, magram
imavdroulad, ayalibebs principebis farTo speqtrs. kompetenciebi `mxardaWeras
ucxadebs im meTodebs, romlebic exmareba Semswavlelebs saWiro midgomebis,
codnisa da unarebis SeZenaSi, rom moipovon meti damoukidebloba azrovnebasa
da moqmedebaSi, da ufro meti pasuxismgebloba da kooperaciuloba gamoamJRav-
non sxva adamianebTan urTierTobaSi~.
173
noris, lasnieri, morfeldi, borneto da spasi naSromSi `gzamkvlevi
xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad enis programebis Sefasebasa da SedgenaSi~ gvTa-
vazoben Semdeg principebs xarisxTan mimarTebiT:
principebi qveprincipebi
marTebuloba Semswavlelze koncentrireba, pasuxis-
mgebloba, Sesabamisoba
gamWvirvaleoba miznebis sicxade sicxade maT miRwevas-
Tan mimarTebaSi prezentaciis sicxade
logikuri dasabuTebis sicxade
saimedooba mdgradoba Sida Tanamimdevruloba me-
Todologiuri erTianoba enobrivi er-
Tianoba praqtikuloba
mimzidveloba advilad gasagebi interaqtiuloba mra-
valferovneba mgrZnobeloba
fleqsiuroba individualizacia adaptirebis unari
generaciuloba (ganapirobebs swavla
Semdgom swavlas an ganviTarebas?)
transferuloba integracia kognituri
ganviTareba
monawileoba CarTuloba piradi interesi part-
nioroba
efeqturoba Rirebulebis efeqturoba ergonomia
socializireba socialuri unarebi, kulturaTaSoris
gaTvicnobierebuloba
• enis swavlebisa da Seswavlis organizebis procesze orientirebuli
modeli
arsebobs gasagebad Sedgenili kurikulumi doneebis aseve
gasagebi deskriptorebiT? gamoiyeneba igi Sesaferis resursebTan er-
Tad? arsebobs saTanado Sefaseba SemswavlelTa jgufebSi
gadasanawileblad, progresisa da miRwevis gansazRvrisaTvis? arsebobs
sistemebi swavlebis meTvalyureobisaTvis da Semswavlelebisagan sa-
pasuxo informaciis misaRebad, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes procesis
efeqturobis monitoringi?
• swavleba / swavla momxmarebelze koncentrirebiT
es Sexeduleba moicavs rogorc SemswavlelTa mier naswavli
enis gamoyenebis variantebis, ise imis gaanalizebas, Tu rogoria maTi
saswavlo moTxovnebi da ras aniWeben isini upiratesobas. igi aseve
ganixilavs enobrivi ganaTlebis sistemis sxva `mewileebsac~ _
mSoblebs, potenciur damsaqmeblebs, sazogadoebis moTxovnebs, a. S. es
sistema gamoiyenebs iseT procedurebsac, rogoricaa kiTxvebi da
aqcentirebuli jgufebi, rom daadginos, ramdenad kmayofili arian
momxmareblebi saswavlo aqtivobebiT.
• swavlebis / swavlis procesSi CarTuli adamianuri resursebis
marTvaze koncentrirebuli kriteriumebi
arsebobs maswavlebelTa treningisa da ganviTarebisaTvis saTanado
SesaZleblobebi? arsebobs saSualebebi urTierTmeTvalyureobisaTvis
an swavlebis procesze dasafiqreblad? xelmisawvdomia saTanado re-
sursebi?
• swavlebis / saswavlo aqtivobebis Sedegebis Sefaseba
dasaxulia amocanebi progressa da miRwevasTan mimarTebaSi?
miRweulia es amocanebi? sajaro gamocdebis Sedegebi damakmayofile-
belia?
174
institutebs, romlebic monawileoben enis swavlebaSi mouwevT aseTi faqtore-
bis gaTvaliswineba, rom gansazRvron sakuTari sisworis Sesafasebeli kriteri-
umebi da sakuTari TavisaTvis dadgenili standartebi.
pauza dafiqrebisaTvis
pirdapir Tu iribad, ra models / modelebs iyenebT Tqvens institutSi enobrivi
ganaTlebis xarisxis Sesafaseblad?
Sesaferisia es modeli? ra standartebs iyenebT?
momxmarebelTa dakmayofileba
saganmanaTleblo principebi
procesis efeqturad marTva
Sedegebis Sefaseba
aqcenti adamianur resursebze
1. 4. enis swavlebaSi xarisxis uzrunvelyofis gamoyeneba
xarisxis uzrunvelyofiT vgulisxmobT im nabijebis gadadgmas, rac ga-
napirobebs maRali donis standartebis dadgenasa da dakmayofilebas. standar-
tebis SenarCunebis kontroli xarisxis kontrolis sferoa.
`TqviT, ras akeTebT~
gamWvirvaleoba da Tanamimdevruloba standartebis dadgenis ZiriTadi
maxasiaTebelia. erovnuli kurikulumis doneze is moiazrebs, rom mizani da eno-
brivi ganaTlebis Sinaarsi, maTi organizebis gzebTan erTad, gacxadebuli da
xelmisawvdomi iqneba; anu saWiroa gadawyvetilebebis miReba imasTan dakavSire-
biT, Tu romeli enebis swavleba unda moxdes, ra asakSi da ra miznebidan gamom-
dinare. unda ganisazRvros done, romlis miRwevacaa saWiro saskolo sistemis
erTi nawilidan momdevnoze gadasasvlelad da misi Sefasebis saSualebebi.
miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi keTilgonivruli rom iyos, unda Seiqmnas sistema,
romelic gaiTvaliswinebs mSoblebis survilebs, sazogadoebriv, saganmanaTle-
blo da enobrivi eqspertebis moTxovnebs. aseve, saWiro iqneba Sesasrulebeli
amocanebis gansazRvra da ararealuri molodinebis Tavidan acileba. kompeten-
ciebi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis instrumenti iqneba; amocanaTa gansazRvra
enis swavlebisaTvis, garkveul etapze, unda moicavdes im donis gancxadebas,
romlis miRwevacaa dasaxuli. `Cveni erT-erTi mizania partniorebis daxmareba
codnis donis aRweraSi, rasac iTxovs arsebuli standartebi, testebi da ga-
mocdebi, rom ufro advili gaxdes kvalifikaciis sxvadasxva sistemebis Se-
dareba. am mizniT Seiqmna deskripciuli sqema da zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi.
uzrunvelyofilia konceptualuri tabula, romlis meSveobiTac momxmareblebi
SesZleben sakuTari sistemis aRweras~ (kompetenciebi)
enis swavlebis kuTxiT es gulisxmobs, rom kurikulumebi aramarto unda
arsebobdes, aramed xelmisawvdomi unda iyos Semswavlelebisa da maswavle-
blebisaTvis da maT dasrulebuli saxe unda misces silabusebma, samuSao sqe-
mebma, yovelkvireulma gegmebma, a. S. doneebis mkafiod Camoyalibebuli da
gasagebi deskriptorebi uzrunvelyofs saWiro CarCos amocanebis dasaxvisa da
progresis SefasebisaTvis.
rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo seqtoris institutebi TavianTi kompeten-
ciebis wardgenisaTvis, cdiloben gaakeTon sajaro gancxadebebi sakuTar sagan-
manaTleblo principebze da im pirobebze, romlebsac momxmareblebs aZleven.
sajaro gancxadeba SeiZleba gakeTdes sxvadasxva formiT, erovnuli kuriku-
175
lumebis da a. S. mraval doneze, Tumca, xarisxis uzrunvelyofis arsebiTi
nawili aris is, rom unda arsebobdes garkveuli xiluli gancxadeba.
gTavazobT nawyvets studenturi qartiidan:
organizaciis wevrebi emxrobian Semdeg studentur qartias:
yvela skola uzrunvelyofs:
swavlebis da ganaTlebis maRali donis standartebs
profesiul xelmZRvanelobasa da integracias
regularul xelmZRvanelobasa da integracias
regularul damoukidebel inspeqtirebas standartebis SenarCuneb-isaTvis
informaciis sizustes, sarwmunoebasa da sajaroobas
efeqtur administrirebasa da damxmare momsaxurebebs
saTanado pirobebsa da saSualebebs enis SeswavlisaTvis
zedmiwevniT testirebas enis kompetenciis gansazRvrisaTvis
struqturizebul saswavlo kurss, romelic iyofa doneebad da
miesadageba studentebis moTxovnebs.
swavlebis Sesaferis da efeqtur meTodebs
saTanado, regularul Sefasebas, raportebs, kursis bolos Sefasebas
sertifikatisaTvis
gamocdil da kompetentur maswavleblebs, romlebic muSaoben saTanado
kvalifikaciis mqone akademiur menejeris zedamxedvelobis qveS
swavlebis regularul meTvalyureobas
saswavlo kursis Sesaxeb informaciisa da rCevis miRebis SesaZleblobebs.
pauza dafiqrebisaTvis
rogor atyobinebs Tqveni instituti sakuTar standartebs xarisxTan mimarTebaSi
Semswavlelebsa da sxva monawileebs?
qartiiT an garantiiT
gamoqveynebuli saskolo programebiT an
gegmebiT
kurikulumiT
arcerTi maTganiT
rogor fiqrobT, studentur qartiaSi mocemuli pirobebi miesadageba Tqvens sas-
wavlo garemos? ras daumatebdiT an amoiRebdiT am qartiidan?
standartebi _ standartebis dadgena SeuZlebelia mxolod institutis
standartebis safuZvelze. aucilebelia maTi ganxilva ufro zogadi garemos
konteqstSi. standartebi aris midgoma, romelic cdilobs `saukeTeso praqtikis~
identificirebas _ sxva institutSi, romelic igive saqmianobas eweva, sxva kon-
teqstebSi da am standartebis sazomad, gamoyenebas im saqmianobasTan mimarTe-
baSi, romelsac mocemuli instituti eweva. magaliTad, skolam SeiZleba miznad
daisaxos sajaro gamocdebze iseTi Sedegebis miRweva, romelsac aRweven sxva
warmatebuli skolebi _ adgilobrivi garemosa da SezRudvebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
176
`gaakeTeT is, rasac ambobT~
standartebis cnobebis gamWvirvale sistema logikuri Sedegi aris aR-
niSnuli standartebis SenarCunebis uzrunvalsayofad sistemebis Seqmna. skolis
garemoSi amisaTvis, ramdenime midgoma arsebobs.
_ TviTSefaseba _ institutisaTvis sasargebloa drodadro TviTSefasebis
procesis gavla. jer individualurad, xolo Semdeg jgufebSi, struqtur-
izebuli kiTxvarebisa da sakontrolo furclis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia
gairkves xdeba Tu ara standartebis gamoyeneba da SenarCuneba. magaliTad, mas-
wavleblebisa da xelmZRvanelobis, iseve rogorc skolebisa da maTi Semswav-
lelebis aRqma xSirad gansxvavebulia, amitom urigo ar iqneba imis uzrunvely-
ofa, rom yvela mewiles hqondes TviTSefasebis procesSi monawileobis SesaZle-
bloba. gTavazobT nawyvets maswavlebelTa TviTSefasebis kiTxvebidan:
kursis dagegmva (maswavleblebi)
9. ra instrumentebs iyenebT kursis dagegmvisaTvis:
10. arsebobs kurikulumi an programa?
diax, ara
komentari
11. gaqvT misi asli an iciT, sad SeiZleba misi miReba?
diax, ara
komentari
12. iyenebT mas, roca swavlebas gegmavT?
diax, ara
komentari
13. RebulobT sakamris informacias Tqvens gakveTilebze, maT dawyebamde?
14. saerTod, studentebis molodinebi kursis SinaarsTan mimarTebaSi
realisturia?
diax, ara
komentari
15. saerTod, studentebis molodini gamoyenebad saswavlo meTodebTan
mimarTebaSi realisturia?
diax, ara
komentari
da nawyvets enis skolis SemswavlelTa kiTxvarebidan:
1. sami ram rac mogwonT am skolaSi?
2. advili iyo am skolaze informaciis miReba da Caricxva?
3. SesaZlebelia TqvenTvis sasurveli kursis TqvenTvis mosaxerxebel
dros gavla?
4. amarTlebs skola Tqvens molodins (magaliTad, gamoyenebadi saswavlo
masalebi, sxva studentebi a.S)?
5. ra aris gansxvavebuli?
6. arsebobs Tu ara iseTi rame, rac axla iciT da gindaT gcodnodaT
skolaSi Caricxvamde (magaliTad, rogori gamocdebia?)
7 a) roca moxvediT, advilad gaikvlieT gza skolaSi?
b) ram gagiadvilaT es?
g) Tu iyo advili, ratom?
8. advilia informaciis miReba?
* personalisagan?
177
* werilobiTi dokumentaciidan?
* gancxadebaTa dafebidan _ romlebs aTvalierebT regularulad?
9. personali megobruli da advilad misadgomia?
10. iciT, rogor unda moiqceT (an sad unda gaarkvioT, rogor unda
moiqceT), Tu Tqven:
* dardobT, rom progress ver aRwevT?
* gamocdis Cabareba gindaT?
* mecadineobis drois Secvla gindaT?
* sxva kursze Cawera gindaT?
* kiTxva gagiCndaT kursis gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb?
* saCivari gaqvT?
* gangaSis zari gaigeT?
11. iciT, ra SeiZleba moxdes, Tu
* gamudmebiT igvianebT mecadineobaze?
* ramdenime mecadineoba gaacdineT winaswari gafrTxilebis gareSe?
Tu studentebma, zogadad ician pasuxebi am SekiTxvebze, hkiTxeT maT,
rogor moiZies es pasuxebi (magaliTad, werilobiTi informacia, pirvel dRes
iTqva, a. S)
12. rogor fiqrobT, pirobebi da saklaso oTaxebi Sesaferisia Tqveni
mecadineobebisaTvis? (magaliTad, sakmarisad didia, saTanadod aRWur-
vili, a. S)
13. ras urCevdiT skolas?
xarisxis uzrunvelyofa, SeuZlebelia yvela im adamianis monawileobis
gareSe, romelTac es exebaT da amitom regularuli TviTSefaseba gansakuTre-
biT mniSvnelovani instrumenti xdeba standartebis SesanarCuneblad sistemebis
SeqmnaSi. yvelaferi rom dalagdes, problemebisa da imis gacnobierebas, Tu
rogor xdeba saswavlo aqtivobebis aRqma, dasrulebuli saxe unda misces pro-
cedurebma. swavleba skolebis wamyvani aqtivobaa da aqedan gamomdinare, aucile-
belia sistemebis arseboba swavlebis aqtivobebis regularuli meTvalyureo-
bisaTvis. meTvalyureoba xSirad erevaT inspeqtirebasa da sanqciebSi, magram
arsebobs gzebi misi organizebisaTvis, rac meTvalyureobas ufro konstru-
qciulsa da pozitiurs gaxdis:
urTierTmeTvalyureoba _ maswavleblebi Tvalyurs adevneben erTmaneTis
mecadineobebs. amis organizeba SeiZleba monitoringis sistemis farglebSi, sa-
dac ufro gamocdili maswavlebeli daxmarebiTa da rCeviT uzrunvelyofs Tavis
naklebad gamocdil kolegas an arsebobs maswavlebelTa tandemi, romelic
gulisxmobs ori maswavleblis erTobliv, kooperaciul muSaobas eqvsi Tvis gan-
mavlobaSi. urTierTmeTvalyureoba ukeTes Sedegs iZleva Tu igi emsaxureba in-
formaciis uzrunveloyofas da ara Sefasebas. SesaZlebelia Seiqmnas sakon-
trolo furclebi, romelTa meSvobiTac ganisazRvreba swavlebis specifikuri
sferos meTvalyureobis farglebi _ klasis wevrebis monawileoba, maswavleblis
/ Semswavlelis sasaubro drois moculoba, a. S. urTierTmeTvalyureoba saWi-
roebs drois sworad ganawilebas, rom maswavleblebma moicalon meTvalyureo-
bisaTvis.
meTvalyureoba maswavlebelTa treneris mxridan, romelic uzrunvelyofs
rCevasa da trenings da dros uTmobs swavlebis unarebis ganviTarebas.
video gakveTilebis meTvalyureoba treningis dros sakmaod gamosadegia,
radgan SesaZlebels xdis teqnikaze koncentirebisas; xdeba gakveTilebis
calkeuli nawyvetebis krebulad gamocema an gakveTilebis videogadaReba. mas
Semdeg, rac es gakeTdeba, kargi iqneba, maswavlebels, romelsac exeba es sakiTxi,
saSualeba mieces airCios da redaqtireba gaukeTos im masalas, romlis Cvenebac
surs kolegebisaTvis.
meTvalyureoba akademiuri menejeris mxridan, romelic pasuxismgebelia
swavlebis standartebze, xarisxis uzrunvelyofis aucilebeli nawilia. stan-
178
dartebi sameTvalyureo procedurebisaTvis, Cveulebriv, moicavs winaswar
Setyobinebas meTvalyureobaze, sakontrolo furcels, romelsac winaswar nax-
ulobs am sakiTxTan urTierTobaSi myofi maswavlebeli da Semdeg, sakmaris
dros sistematuri ukukavSirisaTvis.
sistematuri meTvalyureoba ganapirobebs uwyvet muSaobas standartebis
SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. man SeiZleba migviyvanos imis gacnobiere-
bamdec, rom saWiroa gadaidgas nabijebi, cvlilebebis gasatareblad an gaum-
jobesebis misaRwevad. amas mohyveba proeqtebis ganviTareba, Tanamdevi treningiT
kvalifikaciis amaRlebisaTvis. skolebSi xSirad ewinaaRmdegebian cvlilebas da
amitom, proeqti, romelic am cvlilebas iTvaliswinebs, saTanadod unda iyos
organizebuli, xolo cvlilebebis Rirebuleba _ Sefasebuli.
cvlilebebis RirebulebaSi, ra Tqma unda, moiazreba ara mxolod fuli,
aramed Zalisxmeva, resursebis gamoyeneba da a. S. instituti, romelic etapo-
brivad mimarTavs xarisxis uzrunvelyofas, unda mivakuTvnoT iseTTa rigebs,
romlebic yovelTvis swavlasa da ukeTesis ZiebaSi arian. mudmivad cvalebad
mdgomareobaSi yofna saxifaToa, meore mxriv, sasargebloa iseTi ramis dadas-
tureba da gamyareba, rac ukve kargad gakeTebulia. SesaZlo procedura aseTia:
_ gadaamowmeT, ras akeTebT
_ yvelaferi kargadaa?
_ Tu es asea, daadastureT
_ Tu ara, mimarTeT novacias.
kargi praqtikis dadastureba isev mniSvnelovania, rogorc novaciis faza.
evropis komisiis gzamkvlevi enis xarisxianad swavlisa da swavlebis pro-
gramebisa da masalebis Sefasebisa da SeqmnisaTvis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis
process sam fazad hyofs: Seqmna, Sesruleba, Sedegi da uzrunvelyofs sakon-
trolo furclebis serias rogorc nabeWdi saxiT, ise interaqtiulad CD-Rom-ze,
rom praqtika Seafasos karg praqtikaze ganacxadebis mixedviT.
pauza dafiqrebisaTvis
ra RonisZiebebs mimarTavs Tqveni instituti:
_ swavlebis aqtivobebis sameTvalyureod?
_ naklebad gamocdili maswavleblebis dasaxmareblad?
_ regularuli mimoxilvisaTvis organizebuli TviTSefasebiT?
_ proeqtebis saSualebiT novatorobisaTvis?
_ kvalifikaciis asamaRlebel treningze koncentrirebisaTvis?
_ praqtikis Sesadareblad saukeTeso praqtikasTan?
1. 5. xarisxis kontrolis gamoyeneba enis swavlebaSi.
gansxvaveba xarisxis kontrolsa da xarisxis uzrunvelyofas Soris imaSi
gamoixateba, rom pirveli ufro xSirad aqcents akeTebs xarisxis gare
Sefasebaze da aseve xSirad dakavSirebulia institutebis akreditebasTan an
kursebis validaciasTan. Tumca, arsebobs xarisxis kontrolis Sida
instrumentebic. Semswavlelebisagan sapasuxo informaciis regularulad da
sistematiurad miRebisaTvis gankuTvnili instrumentebi xSirad moicavs
kiTxvarebs, romelTa Sevseba unda moxdes kursis msvlelobisas an swavlebis
ciklis Semdeg. isini gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa, Tu gamoyeneba xdeba drois
garkveul periodSi da maTSi mocemulia SekiTxvebi, romlebic SeiZleba
statistikurad iqnes gaanalizebuli, rom miviRoT SedarebiTi angaris
gaumjobesebaze an gauaresebaze. miRebuli informacia ufro Tavisufali da
xarisxiani iqneba, Tu aqcentirebuli jgufis ramdenime Semswavlels sTxoven
detalur angariSs sakuTar Sexedulebebze institutsa da kursebTan
mimarTebaSi. institucionalur doneze, xarisxis gare kontrolis ZiriTadi
179
instrumenti, nebiT Tu ZaldatanebiT, iqneba auditisa da inspeqtirebis
sistemebis gamoyeneba. es, Cveulebriv, gulisxmobs gare auditorebis vizits,
institutis aqtivobebis detaluri Seswavlisa da saTanado angariss
SedgenisaTvis, rac ganapirobebs ukve arsebuli akreditaciis SenarCunebas an mis
rekomendacias. inspeqtirebis kargi sistemebis mizania gamWvirvaleoba da
Tanamimdevruloba, sakuTari ganxilvis dafuZneba mkafiod Camoyalibebul
standartebze da institutis mier gacxadebul miznebsa da amocanebze. es
sistemebi iyenebs sakontrolo nusxebsa da SeTanxmebul gzebs imis
gadamowmebisaTvis, Tu ramdenad SenarCunebulia standartebi. gTavazobT
nawyvets aseTi CarCodan:
praqtikis
kodi moTxovnili standarti mtkicebulebis safuZveli
1.5.1 (a)
swavlebisa da
ganaTlebis
maRali
standartebi
* jansaRi pedagogiuri midgomis
mkafiod Camoyalibebuli werilobiTi
mtkicebuleba (romelic gasagebia
inspeqtorisaTvis, konteqstis
mixedviT) romelsac icnoben rogorc
studentebi, ise personali
=> gakveTilis meTvalyureoba,
dokumentebis (magaliTad,
kurikulumis) ganxilva
maswavleblebTan erTad,
aqcentirebuli jgufis Sexvedra
studentebTan
1.5.1 (i)
swavlebis
saTanado da
efeqturi
meTodebi
* gakveTilebis efeqturi organizeba,
werilobiTi da / an CanawerebiT,
logikuri mimdinareoba, sadac
studentebs esmiT, ras akeTeben da
rogor daexmareba es maT swavlaSi;
* maswavleblebis unari gamoiyenon
swavlebis mravalferovani teqnika
daanawilon studentebi sxvadasxva
muSa jgufebSi (individualuri,
wyvilebi, jgufebi) waradginon
informacia, uzrunvelyon mxardaWera
da efeqturad da gasagebad Seitanon
cvlilebebi aqtivobaSi;
* yuradReba gamaxvildeba rogorc
calkeuli studentebis, ise mTliani
jgufis moTxovnebsa da interesebze,
magaliTad,jgufis farglebSi
sxvadasxva moTxovnebis ise
dakmayofileba, rom aman zegavlena ar
moaxdinos jgufis muSaobaze;
* swavlebis sxvadasxva saSualebebis
gamoyeneba, misi jgufis donesTan,
tipTan, asakTan da gakveTilebis
miznebTan misadagebiT:
saxelmZRvaneloebi, dafa, audio
kasetebi, teqstebi a. S;
* swavlaSi miRwevebis mopoveba yvela
an studentebis umravlesobis mier; * studentebis dakmayofilebis,
dainteresebis, CarTulobis,
monawileobis kargi xarisxi
=> samuSao sqemebi (magaliTad,
gakveTilebis erTTviani gegma,
romelsac zedamxedvelobis
akademiuri menejeri da romelic
Tavsdeba klasis gancxadebebis
dafaze) da gakveTilebis Canaw-
erebi
=> gakveTilebis gegma, gak-
veTilebis meTvalyureoba, mas-
wavleblebTan erTad ganxilva,
aqcentirebuli jgufis Sexvedra
studentebTan;
=> gakveTilebi meTvalyureoba,
aqcentirebuli jgufis Sexvedra
studentebTan, calkeuli stu-
dentebis akademiuri moswrebis
aRricxva
=> gakveTilebis gegmebi, gak-
veTilis meTvalyureoba,
xarisxis Sesabamisobisa da mas-
wavlebelTa resursebis
speqtris mimoxilva
=> gakveTilis meTvalyureoba,
aqcentirebuli jgufebis Sex-
vedra studentebTan, studente-
bis akademiuri moswrebis Canaw-
erebi da raportebi
=> sapasuxo informaciis siste-
mebi da Canawerebi, aqcentire-
buli jgufebis Sexvedra stu-
dentebTan, gakveTilis meTvaly-
ureoba
kerZo da rig SemTxvevebSi, saxelmwifo seqtorebSic, auditis mier akred-
iteba gulisxmobs institutisaTvis beWdis an iarliyis micemas, rac mowmobs,
rom misi momsaxurebis xarisxi kontrolirebuli da iuridiulad damowmebulia.
xarisxis kontrolis procedurebi gamoiyeneba enobrivi ganaTlebis sxva
sferoebSic: ALTE-m (enaSi gamomcdelTa evropis asociacia) SeimuSava samoqmedo
180
kodeqsi sajaro gamocdebisaTvis da amJamad muSaobs testebisa da gamocdebis
konstruqciisa da doneebis SesabamisobaSi moyvanis sakiTxebze.
xarisxis kontroli gamoiyeneba proeqtebis marTvaSic da proeqtebis Se-
fasebisaTvis SemuSavebul iqna kriteriumebi. gTavazobT magaliTs proeqtebis
marTvasTan mimarTebaSi arsebuli erT-erTi midgomidan:
mocemuli standartebi saganmanaTleblo proeqtebis SefasebisaTvis Se-
muSavebulia Carlz aldersonis mier:
proeqtis struqtura
miRwevebis indikatorebi
rogor unda moxdes indikatorebis
raodenobis gansazRvra an Sefaseba
mniSvnelovani varaudebi
ufro masStaburi
rogoricaa erov-
nuli donis _ ufro
masStaburi prob-
lemebidan, romelTa
gadawyvetaSi dagex-
marebaT es proeqti?
raodenobrivi an
xarisxobrivi Se-
fasebis ra gzebi
SeiZleba iqnes ga-
moyenebuli imis
Sesafaseblad, miR-
weulia Tu ara
ufro farTo amo-
canebi?
informaciis ra wyaroebi
arsebobs an SeiZleba
iqnes uzrunvelyofili
SedarebiT mcire danax-
arjiT.
ra gare faqtorebia
saWiro, rom proeqtis
uSualo amocanebiT
wvlili SevitanoT
ufro farTo amo-
canebSi?
uSualo amocanebi _
ra efeqtis moxdenaa
ganzraxuli mizno-
briv jgufebze an
institutze? ra
gaumjobesebas an
cvlilebas
moaxdens es pro-
eqti?
raodenobrivi an
xarisxobrivi Se-
fasebis ra gzebiT
SeiZleba gani-
sazRvros miRebuli
efeqti da sarge-
beli da maTi ga-
nawileba?
informaciis ra wyaroebi
arsebobs an SeiZleba
iqnes uzrunvelyofili
SedarebiT mcire danax-
arjiT?
proeqtis kontrols
miRma arsebulma ra
faqtorebma (magali-
Tad, personalisa da
resursebis xelmisaw-
vdomoba) SeiZleba ga-
napirobos uSualo
amocanebis miRwevis
SezRudva?
produqti rogori
unda iyos (tipi,
raodenoba, rodisT-
vis), rom SesaZle-
beli gaxdes uSu-
alo amocanebis
miRweva? (magali-
Tad, axali kuri-
kulumis Cadeba
praqtikaSi,
momzadebuli kadri)
informaciis ra wyaroebi
arsebobs?
romeli gare
faqtorebis gacno-
bierebaa saWiro, rom
miviRoT is produqti,
rac gegmiTaa gaTval-
iswinebuli?
miwodeba ra masalebis, aRWurvilobis an
momsaxurebis (momzadebuli kadri an a.S)
uzrunvelyofaa saWiro da ra xarjis ga-
RebiT, drois ra periodSi, vis mier?
informaciis ra wyaroebi
arsebobs?
proeqtis xelmZRvan-
elebis kontrolis
farglebs miRma ra
gadawyvetilebaTa
miRebaa saWiro pro-
eqtis bolomde misay-
vanad?
pauza dafiqrebisaTvis
xarisxis kontrolis ra sistemebs iyenebs Tqveni instituti?
maxasiaTebeli rogor gamoiyeneba
institutis gare inspeqtireba? iZleva
igi akreditacias an xarisxis aRm-
niSvnel iarliys?
kriteriumebi gasagebia?
sakontrolo furclebSi aRniSnulia is,
ris meTvalyureobac unda moxdes?
xdeba Sida da gare gamocdebis Semoweba
181
imis dasadgenad, Tu ramdenad akmayo-
filebs isini standartebs, xarisxTan
mimarTebaSi?
xdeba ra proeqtebis Sesrulebaze val-
debulebebis aReba, arsebobs sistemebi
xarisxis kontrolirebisaTvis?
ra kriteriumebi gamoiyeneba? ramdenad
aRqmadia isini proeqtis dasawyisSive?
2. kompetenciebis Sesabamisoba xarixis Sesaxeb arsebul sakiTxebTan.
evropis sabWos kompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs enis Seswavlisa da swav-
lebis Tanamimdevrul da amomwurav aRweras, rac SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes
xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad Semdegi kuTxiT:
2. 1. SemswavlelTa moTxovnebis gaanalizeba da amocanebis dasaxva.
gamWvirvale sistemas, romelic aRwevs mizans, Sinaarssa da doneebs,
arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs standartebis dadgenisa da SefasebisaTvis. Tavi 3
exeba skalirebasa da doneebs da Seiswavlis Semswavlelis codnis
aRwerilobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. igi aRwers, Tu ra sirTuleebs
ukavSirdeba doneTa deksriptorebis Seqmna, romlebic cxadyofs am doneebs
Soris sxvaobas, Semswavlelebisa da sxva momxmarebelTaTvis gasagebad da
pozitiuri wvlili Seaqvs saswavlo procesSi. naCvenebia sxvaoba
SemswavlelebisaTvis, damsaqmeblebisa da miRweuli donis sxva
SemfaseblebisaTvis, Seqmnil momxmarebelze orientirebul skalebs _ isini
cxadyofs, ris keTeba SeuZlia Semswavlels. _ da Semfasebelze orientirebul
skalebs Soris, romlebic megzurobas uwevs Semfasebels da gviCvenebs, ramdenad
kargad arTmevs Tavs Semswavleli swavlas. es Tavi ganixilavs sakiTxs doneebis
optimaluri raodenobis Sesaxeb, sxvadasxva miznebidan gamomdinare. daskvnis
saxiT naTqvamia, rom SesaZlebelia skalebis gasagebi, sazriani da Sefasebadi
deskriptorebis Seqmna da SemoTavazebulia zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi,
romlebic gansazRvravs damwyeb, damoukidebel da kvalificiur momxmareblebs
da momxmarebelTa TiToeul kategorias hyofs or doned.
kompetenciebis ganaxlebuli versiis me-4 Tavi gvawvdis amomwurav angariSs
enis gamoyenebasa da enis SemswavlelTa moTxovnaze. moTxovnaTa
gaanalizebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT gamosadegia diagrama 4.1, romelic exeba enis
gamoyenebis konteqsts da uzrunvelyofs kategoriebs, romelTa mixedviTac,
SesaZlebelia aRiweros, rogor iyeneben Semswavlelebi enas da rogor SeuZliaT
maT saswavlo amocanebis dasaxva. koncefciebi sferoebze _ pirovnuli,
sazogadoebrivi, profesiuli, saganmanaTleblo _ da adgilis, institutis,
adamianis, sagnis, movlenis, qmedebisa da teqstis deskriptiuli kategoriebi
uzrunvelyofs standartebs kiTxvarebis Sesadgenad, moTxovnaTa gaanalizebisa
da Sedegebis gansazRvrisaTvis.
punqti 4.3 aRwers sakomunikacio davalebebsa da miznebs da amomwurav
angariSs gvawvdis enobrivi kompetenciis sxvadasxva doneebze arsebuli
sakomunikacio davalebebis Sesaxeb.
punqti 4.5 aRwers sakomunikacio enobriv procesebs da producirebis,
recefciis, interaqciisa da mediaciis sam ZiriTad process. punqti 5.1 exeba
zogad kompetenciebs, romlebsac saWiroebs enis Semswavleli.
pauza dafiqrebisaTvis
kompetenciebis doneebis deskriptorebi uzrunvelyofs saTanado bazas
SemswavlelTa amocanebis gansazRvrisaTvis da standartebs _ maTi moTxovnebis
SefasebisaTvis?
182
eqvsi done sakmarisa progresis saCveneblad saswavlo kursis ganmav-
lobaSi, Tu kidev saWiroa doneebis damateba?
2. 2. maRali donis enis kursebis Seqmna
Cveulebriv, xarisxis uzrunvelyofis principebi moiTxovs,
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqces im komponentebis Sedgenas, romlebic qmnis
produqts, an aqtivobas, xolo enis swavlis SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa amomwuravi
midgomis Camoyalibeba kurikulumis SedgenasTan mimarTebaSi. kompetenciebi
uzrunvelyofs gasaTvaliswinebeli kategoriebis yovlismomcvel aRweras.
kompetenciebis me-2 Tavi aqcents akeTebs moqmedebaze orientirebul
kategoriebze, romlebic monawileobs enis gamoyenebasa da enis SeswavlaSi.
kompetenciebi gansazRvravs enis gamoyenebis xuT ZiriTad maxasiaTebels _
specifikuri enobrivi aqtivoba, teqsti, sfero, strategia da davaleba
(ganxilulia TavebSi 4 da 7) _ romlebic ukavSirdeba enis Seswavlas da
gadamwyvetia enis swavlebis aqtivobaTa komponentebis definiciisaTvis.
kompetenciebi ganasxvavebs kompetenciebsac _ egzistencialuri kompetencia
(savoir-être), deklaraciuli codna (savoir), unarebi da nou-hau (savoir-faire) kompetenciebi 5.2 axdens zogadi kompetenciebis Semdgom definicias da
gansazRvravs:
• enobrivi kompetenciis komponentebs (leqsikuri, gramatikuli,
morfologiuri, semantikuri, fonologiuri)
• sociolingvisturi kompetenciis komponentebs (socialuri markerebi,
Tavazianobis pirobiToba, dialeqti da aqcenti);
• pragmatuli kompetenciis komponentebs (metyveleba, funqcionaluri
da sqematuri agebis kompetencia)
kompetenciebi 4.4 ganixilavs strategiebsa da strategiul kompetencias
oTxi ZiriTadi kategoriis mixedviT;
• recefcia;
• producireba;
• interaqcia;
• mediacia;
yoveli maTgani moicavs oTx ZiriTad process _ dagegmva, Sesruleba,
Sefaseba da Sesworeba
kompetenciebis me-8 Tavi exeba kurikulumis Sedgenis ufro politikur
elementebs da svams aseT SekiTxvebs:
• kompetenciis ra donis miRweva unda warmoadgendes mizans?
• ra igulisxmeba mravalenovnebaSi (plurilingvurobaSi)?
• rodis uzrunvelyofs nawilobrivi kopentenciebi enis saswavlo
programebisaTvis saTanado amocanebs?
• rogor SevuTavsoT erTmaneTs sxvadasxva enebis swavla?
• ramdenad SesaZlebelia profilebisa da portfolioebis daxmarebiT
enis swavlisTvis ufro meti motivaciis uzrunvelyofa da SeZenili enobrivi
unarebisa da codnis portatulobis xelSewyoba?
me-8 Tavi gansakuTrebiT gamosadegia maTTvis, vinc adgens kurikulums
saxelmwifo saskolo sistemis konteqstSi.
kompetenciebis me-3, me-4, me-5, me-7 da me-8 TavebSi mocemuli analizi da
deskrifcia uzrunvelyofs mTel rig direqtivebsa da instrumentebs, rac enis
swavlebisaTvis saWiro kompleqsuri procesebis detaluri definiciis
saSualebas iZleva. es, Tavis mxriv, uzrunvelyofs safuZvels iseTi
183
kurikulumebis Sesadgenad, romlebic akmayofilebs maRali donis standartebs
xarisxTan mimarTebaSi da romelTa miznebic gamWvirvale da mkafiod
Camoyalibebulia.
2. 3. swavlebis procesebis warmarTva
kompetenciebis me-6 Tavi exeba enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis procesebs.
igi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs swavlasa da dauflebas da migviTiTebs, rom
swavlis procesi moiazrebs kompetenciebis swavlasac da dauflebasac da im
unaris ganviTarebas, romelic gulisxmobs `am konpetenciebis praqtikulad
gamoyenebas, sasaubro frazebis / werilobiTi teqstebis producirebaSi /
recefciaSi, mniSvnelobis gadmocemisa da gagebis, agreTve, konteqstis mixedviT
interpretirebisa da sakomunikacio aqtivobebSi monawileobis mizniT~. 6.5-Si
gamokveTilia Teoriebi `imasTan mimarTebaSi, Tu rogor xdeba enis Seswavla _
maT Soris debatebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, aris Tu ara enis swavla adamianis
ramdenadme Tandayolili informaciis damuSavebis aqtivoba, romelic saWiroebs
mxolod enasTan urTierTobas, Tu saWiroa swavleba da mecadineoba am procesis
daCqarebisaTvis. ganxilulia gacnobierebuli swavlisa da struqturizebuli
praqtikis mniSvnelobac.
cxadia, sxva sferoSi xarisxTan dakavSirebuli kriteriumebis analogia
ufro misadagebulad gamoiyeneba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom xdeba iseTi
saswavlo programebis Sedgena, romlebic xels uwyobs enis swavlis
produqtiulobas. punqti 6.7 aRwers meTodologiur ofciebs Tanamedrove enebis
Seswavlisa da swavlebisaTvis. erTi mxriv, igi Seiswavlis zogad midgomebs, maT
Soris swavlebaSi mxolod Sesaswavli enis an Semswavlelis pirveli enisa da
Sesaswavli enebis kombinirebulad gamoyenebas, da meore mxriv, enis Seswavlisa
da swavlebis procesebis specifikur aspeqtebs. isini moicavs Semdeg elementebs:
• teqstebi
• davalebebi da aqtivobebi
• maswavleblebis, Semswavlelebisa da saSualebebis roli
• zogadi kompetenciebi
• enobrivi kompetenciebi
• sociolingvisturi kompetenciebi
• pragmatuli kompetenciebi
• strategiebi
yoveli maTgani aRwers mocemul sferoSi maswavleblebisa da
moswavleebisaTvis xelmisawvdom ofciebs da parametrebs, romlebic
gansazRvravs swavlebis / saswavlo procesis warmatebas an warumateblobas.
punqti 6.5 specifikurad udgeba Secdomebs da sxvadasxva ofciebs,
romlebic xelmisawvdomia maswavleblebisaTvis, rogorc instrumentebi
Secdomebis gasworebisa da swavlis xelSewyobisaTvis.
kompetenciebis me-6 Tavi warmoadgens sakmaod gamosadeg gzamkvlevs
swavlebis procesebsa da maswavleblebisaTvis xelmisawvdom ofciebTan
mimarTebaSi. igi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli im deskriptorebsa da kategoriebTan,
romlebic gansazRvravs moTxovnaTa gaanalizebasa da komponentebis Sedgenas.
Tumca, igi ar iZleva zedmiwevniT direqtivebs imasTan dakavSirebiT Tu ramdenad
SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva ofciebis Tanamimdevrul procesSi kombinireba _
kompetenciebis mizani ar aris preskriptiuloba _ da swavlebis / saswavlo
procesebSi xarisxis uzrunvelyofaze pasuxismgebelT mouwevT sakuTari
ofciebis SerCeva specifikur sferoebSi, agreTve, mravalferovani procesebis
erTian da fleqsiur midgomad gardaqmna. es saWiroebs cxad kriteriumebs
swavlebis xarisxis aRwerisa da SefasebisaTvis.
184
pauza dafiqrebisaTvis
xdeba Tu ara Tqvens institutSi kompetenciebis (garda enobrivi kompetenciebisa)
swavleba / Seswavla?
kompetencia rogor aris uzrunvelyofili?
sociolingvisturi
kulturaTaSoris
strategiuli kompetenciebi
pragmatuli kompetenciebi
rogor fiqrobT, enis gamoyenebis dayofas producirebad, recefciad, interaqciad
da mediaciad aqvs upiratesobebi tradiciul dayofasTan SedarebiT, rac gulisx-
mobs mosmenas, metyvelebas, kiTxvasa da weras?
gaaCnia instituts raime strategia miRebisa da gacemis, da dauflebisa da
struqturizebuli swavlebis SesaZleblobis balansTan mimarTebiT?
2. 4. saswavlo / swavlebis programebis Sedegebis Sefaseba
Sefaseba xarisxTan dakavSirebiT ciklis bolo elementia.
gasaTvaliswinebeli moTxovnilebebi gaanalizebulia; komponentebi
gansazRvruli da dadgenilia; isini gamoiyeneba Tanamimdevrul, gamWvirvale
procesSi. axla gasarkvevia, muSaobs Tu ara mTeli es procesi. iswavles
Semswavlelebma is, ris codnac sWirdebaT? SesZles sakuTari codnis
gamoyeneba? procesi ekonomiuri iyo droisa da resursebis TvalsazrisiT? am
kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad, gvesaWiroeba Sefasebis kriteriumebi da
instrumentebi _ mis Sesasruleblad.
me-9 Tavi exeba Sefasebas da dawvrilebiT aRwers sxvadasxva ofciebs,
romlebic gasaTvaliswinebelia enis saswvlo aqtivobebis ganviTarebisaTvis, igi
erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs normebze da kriteriumebze dafuZnebul Sefasebas,
testirebas miRwevebisa da codnis dasadgenad, formaciul da Semajamebel
Sefasebas. am TavSi wamoWrilia rogorc sakomunikacio, ise enobrivi
kompetenciis Sefasebis sakiTxi da citirebulia magaliTebi am sakiTxTan
mimarTebaSi arsebul sxvadasxva midgomebidan.
zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi ZiriTadi elementebia saerTo leqsikonisa
da standartebis SeqmnasTan mimarTebaSi, rac saSualebas mogvcems, visaubroT
enis codnaze, unarebsa da miRwevebze. isini, rogorc aseTi, mniSvnelovani
faqtorebia saTanado xarisxis uzrunvelyofasa da SefasebaSi. danarTSi
warmodgenilia mTeli rigi specifikuri skalebi, romlebic amomwuravad aSuqebs
enis codnisa da gamoyenebis kompetenciis sxvadasxva komponentebs. maTi
gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia arsebuli donisa da miznebis Sesafaseblad, amocanebis
gansazRvrisaTvis, agreTve, kursis Sedegebis Sesafaseblad. TviTSefasebis
tabula, mocemuli gverdebze ?? , saTanado deskriptorebiT, ase iwyeba: `me
SemiZlia...~ es tabula saSualebas miscems Semswavlelebs skalebze
warmoadginon sakuTari kompetenciebi.
mTlianobaSi, me-3 da me-9 Tavebi uzrunvelyofs mravlismomcvel
gzamkvlevs enaSi miRwevebisa da codnis gonivrulad, zedmiwevniT da gasagebad
SefasebisaTvis: enaSi gamomcdelTa evropis asociaciam (ALTE) mniSvnelovnad
ganaviTara kriteriumebi xarisxis Sesafaseblad enasTan, sul mcire im enebTan
mimarTebaSi, romelTac sayovelTaod Seiswavlian. axala ukve arsebobs saimedo
da validuri gamocdebi da testirebis sistemebi. ALTE-s `me SemiZlia~ tipis
185
ganacxadebi enasTan mimarTebaSi, warmoadgens faseul instruments, romlebic
dagvexmareba enobrivi amocanebis, doneebisa da Sefasebis gansazRvrasa da
daxvewaSi. isini mocemulia danarTSi:
pauza dafiqrebisaTvis
CamoTvaleT Sefasebis sxvadasxva tipebi, romelTac iyenebs Tqveni instituti
Sefasebis mizani Sefasebis gamoyenebuli tipi
saswavlo jgufebSi ganawileba
progresis Semowmeba
miRwevebis Sefaseba
saswavlo moTxovnebis gansazRvra
kursis bolos sertificireba
sxva miznebi
es uzrunvelyofs maRali donis sistemas
Sejameba
kompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs xarisxTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebis aRweras
da gvawvdis Semdeg xelmisawvdom ofciebs:
sakiTxi kompetenciebi Semswavlelis moTxovnebis gaanalizeba Tavebi 3 da 4
kursebis Seqmna Tavebi 3,4 da 4
swavlebis procesebis warmarTva Tavi 6
Sedegebis Sefaseba Tavebi 3 da 9
dabolos, kompetenciebi warmoadgens principebisa da deskriptorebis
Seucvlel krebuls. maTi midgoma enaSi xarisxis uzrunvelyofisadmi ufro sis-
temuria. Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba saerTo kriteriumebis, deskripciuli katego-
riebisa da skalebTan dakavSirebiT winadadebebis miReba, saSualeba mogvecema,
ganvaxorcieloT moTxovnaTa analizis sazriani standartizacia da gan-
vsazRvroT enis saswavlo aqtivobebis komponentebi. es xels Seuwyobs ofciebis
gacnobierebulad SerCevas enis swavlebis procesSi da saerTo leqsikonis Se-
muSavebas miRwevebis aRwerisa da SefasebisaTvis. Tumca, es ar exeba xarisxis
uzrunvelyofis praqtikul aspeqtebs _ rogor SevqmnaT is samuSao garemo, sa-
dac monawileebi ufro metad SesZleben TviTdaxmarebas xarisxis mosapoveblad,
rogor unda uzrunvelyon maswavlebelTa asociaciebma da skolebma profesiuli
standartebis xelSewyoba, da rogor unda gamoviyenoT da gavaumjobesoT
xarisxis gare kontrolisa da inspeqtirebis sqemebi profesiuli standartebis
dasaxvewad.
186
samuSao furceli 1
ras gulisxmobT `xarisxSi”?
xarisxis uzrunvelyofaSi pirveli umniSvnelovanesi nabiji aris sakuTari
standartebis gacxadeba. saamisod, erT-erTi gzaa qartiis an Tqveni institutis
misiis Sesaxeb ganacxadis Seqmna, sadac aRniSnuli iqneba, Tu ras pirdebiT
mewileebs.
CamoTvaleT xuTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani piroba, romelic gsurT, rom
Tqvenma institutma dados
... skola / enebis ganyofileba Semswavlelebs pirobas aZlevs, rom:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.. skola / enebis ganyofileba moswavleebs pirobas aZlevs, rom
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
...skola / enebis ganyofileba sazogadoebas pirobas aZlevs, rom:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
187
samuSao furceli 2
xarisxis Semowmeba
sakontrolo furclebi friad sasargeblo instrumentia xarisxis uzrun-
velyofisa da kontrolisaTvis
isargebleT mocemuli cxriliT, standartebis dadgenisa da SemowmebisaT-
vis _ magaliTi mocemulia pirvel punqtSi.
samoRvaweo sfero standartebi mtkicebuleba
1. swavlebisa da
ganaTlebis maRali donis
standartebi
*jansaRi pedagogiuri
midgomis mkafiod
Camoyalibebuli,
werilobiTi formis
midgoma (romelic
inspeqtorisaTvis
gasagebia, konteqstis
mixedviT) romelsac
icnoben rogorc
personali, ise
studentebi.
=> gakveTilis
meTvalyureoba,
dokumentebis (magaliTad,
kurikulumi), ganxilva
maswavleblebTan erTad,
aqcentirebuli jgufis
Sexvedra studentebTan.
2. gakveTilebis dagegmva
3. SemswavlelTa progre-
sis Semowmeba
4. kargi administrireba.
5. maswavlebelTa treningi
kvalifikaciis asamaR-
leblad.
6. Tavad SearCieT sfero
188
samuSao furceli 3
xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da kontroli
gTavazobT ramdenime proceduras xarisxis uzrunvelyofisa da kon-
trolisaTvis. ganaTavseT isini qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi da dafiqrdiT, romeli
sistema iqneboda Tqveni institutisaTvis gamosadegi.
gare inspeqtireba; kiTxvarebi TviTSefasebisaTvis;
studentTa aqcentirebuli jgufebi;
swavlebaSi urTierTmeTvalyureoba;
xarisxis uzrunvelyofa
studenturi qartiebi;
kiTxvarebi kursis bolos;
monitoringi;
donis aRniSvna;
ganacxadi skolis misiaze;
proeqtebi novaciebisaTvis;
xarisxis damadasturebeli iarliyebi
xarisxis kontroli
189
190
Ufnb!JW!
SemuSavebasa da SerCevaSi monawileTaTvis
191
!!
Ubwj!WJJJ!! !
endi hopkinsi
momxmarebelTa gzamkvlevi saxelmZRvanelosa da masalebis avtorebisTvis
Sesavali
es ratom? aq ratom? axla ratom?
es marTlac erTwinadadebiani Sejamebaa im yvelafrisa, rac am dokument-
Sia mocemuli: masalebis profesionalma Semdgenlebma (vinc masalebs wers pro-
fesionalur doneze) unda SesZlon sakuTari masalebis yoveli Semadgeneli
elementis ganxilva da awon-dawonva, aq dasmuli kiTxvebis mixedviT.
weris procesis nebismier etapze unda SegeZloT am SekiTxvebze
damakmayofilebli pasuxis gacema:
ra miznebi aqvT Semswavlelebs? Cems mier miwodebuli masala exmareba maT
am miznebis miRwevaSi? Cems mier miwodebuli masala sakmarisa maTTvis, am
miznebis misaRwevad?
Tu SegiZliaT gadaxedoT Tqvens namoRvawars da yvela am SekiTxvas ise
upasuxoT, rom Tavad darCeT kmayofili, Tqven saxelmZRvanelos gamocdili
Semdgeneli SeiZleba gewodoT! Tu sakuTari pasuxebiT ukmayofilo xarT,
vimedovnebT, es gzamkvlevi Rirebul samsaxurs gagiwevT.
miznebi
mocemuli Tavis ZiriTadi mizania gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis mTavar
aspeqtebze aqcentireba, radgan am procesSi aucileblad monawileoben
saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebi, da saxelmZRvanelosa da enis saswavlo masalebis
uzrunvelmyofTaTvis, dizainerebisa da avtorebisaTvis im specifikuri ofciebis
aRwera, romlebic saWiroa Semdeg dokumentze muSaobisaTvis: ucxo enis
zogadevropuli kompetenciebi: Seswavla, swavleba, Sefaseba (evropis sabWo 2001)
da im gzebis miTiTeba, romlebic daexmareba maT masalebis SemuSavebis
procesSi. es Tavi gamosadegi iqneba im maswavleblebisaTvis, romlebic
monawileoben Sida masalebis mcire masStabian SemuSavebaSi da maTTvisac, vinc
gadawyvetilebebs Rebulobs saxelmZRvanelos SerCevaze.
es Tavi agebulia rigi ZiriTadi SekiTxvebisa da gadawyvetilebebis
irgvliv, romlebic masalebis, gansakuTrebiT saxelmZRvanelos, nebismierma
seriozulma avtorma unda ganixilos, es aris ara mTlianad standartebis
192
aRwera, aramed kompetenciebze, rogorc masalebis avtorebisaTvis arsebul
fleqsiur resursebze orientireba.
ra ZiriTadi SekiTxvebi unda ganixilon masalebis avtorebma?
1. rogor xdeba im konteqstebis aRwera, romlebSic es
masalebi iqneba gamoyenebuli?
2. ra saxiT iqneba aRwerili masalebis miznebi?
3. Semswavlelebis moTxovnebsa da survilebTan mimarTebaSi,
ra saxis informaciaa xelmisawvdomi?
4. ra saSualebebis gamoyeneba aris sasurveli da praqtikuli
masalebisaTvis?
5. rogor moxdeba masalebis Sefaseba, dajgufeba da
Tanamimdevrobis gansazRvra?
6. ra saxis midgomebi iqneba gamarTlebuli?
7. davalebaTa ra speqtrs unda Seicavdes masalebi?
8. rogor moxdeba masalebSi Sesatani teqstebis SerCeva?
danarTi A : rCevebi masalebis weris procesebTan mimarTebaSi
danarTi B : weris procesis etapebis magaliTi
danarTi C : sakontrolo furceli saxelmZRvaneloebis SesarCevad
1. rogor xdeba im konteqstebis aRwera, romlebSic masalebi iqneba
gamoyenebuli?
masalebis avtorebs TiTqmis yovelTvis SeuZliaT masalebis Seqmna konk-
retuli tipis Sesmwavlelebisa da saswavlo situaciebisaTvis da bunebrivia,
saWiroa maTi maxasiaTeblebis mxedvelobaSi miReba. magaliTad, dafiqrdiT, kon-
teqstis Semdegi maxasiaTeblebi ra zegavlenas moaxdenda saxelmZRvanelos
Sedgenaze:
• saerTaSoriso gamomcemlis mier uzrunvelyofili kursi, romelic
gaTvlilia espanuri enis zrdasrul Semswavlelebze, mTeli msof-
lios masStabiT;
• germaniaSi SemuSavebuli kursi amave qveyanaSi biznesis fakultetis
pirveli kursis studentebis mosamzadeblad, rom maT SesZlon
meore wels amave kursis inglisurad mosmena britaneTSi;
• estoneTSi im ucxoelebisaTvis SemuSavebuli kursi, romelTac
surT miiRon estoneTis moqalaqeoba da saamisod unda Caabaron
testi estonur enaSi;
• britaneTSi britanelebi bavSvebisaTvis SemuSavebuli franguli
enis dawyebiTi kursi.
rogorc maswavleblebi, Cven, albaT, yvelaze ukeT vicnobT sxvadasxva
tipis SemswavlelTa maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic zegavlenas axdens kursis
Sedgenaze. Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia sxva faqtorebic: magaliTad, Semswav-
lelebi da maswavleblebi yovelTvis moqmedeben romelime institucionaluri
sistemis farglebSi, rac gansazRvravs an moiazrebs SesaZleblobebsa da Sez-
Rudvebs masalebis avtorebis muSaobaSi. sistemebi xSirad moicavs pirdapir an
irib specifikacias an direqtivebs, romlebic, magaliTad dakavSirebulia kuri-
kulumebTan, Sefasebis procedurebsa da midgomebTan, rasac Tan axlavs konkre-
tuli resursebi saSualebebTan, adgilTan, drosTan, klasSi studentebis
raodenobisa da personaliT dakompleqtebasTan mimarTebaSi. aseve, sworxazovnad
an modulebis saxiT SeiZleba arsebobdes institucionaluri cenzebi kurse-
bisaTvis, romlebic gamoiyeneba klasSi maswavleblebis xelmZRvanelobiT, TviT
an distanciur swavlaSi. saxelmZRvanelos kargi gamoxmaureba eqneba, Tu igi
gaiTvaliswinebs yvela institucionalur maxasiaTebels.
masalebis avtorebma naTeli warmodgena unda Seiqmnan im maswavlebelTa
Taviseburebebzec, romlebic mocemul kurss gauZRvebian. ramdenad kargad
193
floben isini enas, romelsac aswavlian? ramdenad didia maTi gamocdileba? is-
ini varaudoben, rom etapobrivad miiReben konsultaciebs masalebze samuSaod
Tu miiCneven, rom saxelmZRvaneloebi uzrunvelyofs fleqsiur resursebs?
gWirdebaT maswavlebelTa ganviTarebisaTvis aqtivobebis Setana damxmare ma-
salebSi, rom miawodoT maT orientiri kursis ufro novaciur aspeqtebTan mi-
marTebaSi? qvemoT mocemulia diagrama 1. romelSic CamoTvlilia calkeuli
cvladebi da mowodebulia aspeqtebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes
saxelmZRvanelos Sedgenisas.
kompetenciebi Riarebs yvela CamoTvlil sferoSi cvalebadobas da gvTa-
vazobs fleqsiur, mkafiod formulirebul da Tanamimdevrul resurss, romelic
adaptirebadia nebismier konkretul saswavlo konteqstTan. fleqsiurobis Sen-
arCunebis survili yvelaze ufro TvalsaCinoa SveicariaSi, ruSlikonSi Catare-
buli samTavrobaTSoriso simpoziumis angariss daskvnebSi (gamWvirvaleoba da
Tanamimdevruloba enis SeswavlaSi, evropaSi, evropis sabWo 1992, 3.2)
a
`enis Seswavlisa da swavlebisaTvis mravlismomcveli, gamWvirvale da
Tanamimdevruli standartebis SemuSaveba, ar gulisxmobs calkeuli erTgvaro-
vani sistemis Seqmnas. piriqiT, standartebi Ria da fleqsiuri unda iyos, rom
SesaZlebeli gaxdes maTi misadageba konkretul situaciebTan~
diagrama 1. zogierTi cvladebi saswavlo konteqstebSi da maTze miniSne-
bebi saxelmZRvaneloebisaTvis
Semswavlelebi cvladi asaki
erTenovani / mravalenovani jgufebi
kulturuli foni miswrafebebi
sqesi
zogadi ganaTleba
saganmanaTleblo da profesiuli miswrafebebi
swavlis tipebis codna
mediasaSualebebi
mocemuli enis codnis done am momentisaTvis
institucionaluri sistemebi cvladi kurikulumi, silabusi da sagamocdo
standartebi, swavlebis da swavlis kultura,
kursis xangrZlivoba da intensiuroba,
klasebSi studentebis raodenoba,
personaliT dakompleqteba, saSualebebisa da
resursebis xelmisawvdomoba, kvalifikaciis
amaRlebis SesaZleblobebi...
maswavleblebi cvladi enis codnis done, romlis
swavlac unda Semswavlels,
pedagogiuri momzadebis done, saswavlo
saSualebebSi gaTviTcnobierebulobis xarisxi,
swavlebis kultura da fleqsiurobis
xarisxi, masalebTan mimarTebaSi molodinebi,
novaciasTan damokidebuleba...
swavlis saxeoba cvladi saklaso oTaxis farglebSi; distanciuri
(tradiciuli / interneti), Ria swavla
maswavleblis konsultaciebiT; Sereuli
saxeobebi, TviTswavla; modulebis mixedviT /
sworxazovani kursebi
SesaZlo miniSnebebi (magaliTebi)
Tema, maxasiaTeblebi, codna mSobliuri
enis gamoyeneba Tema, garemo, rolebi, da-
valebebi calkeuli saxelmZRvaneloebi
codna samyaros Sesaxeb kursis miznebi,
Temebi, garemo, davalebebi Semswavlelis
ganviTareba / treningi,
kursis miznebi, davalebebi, done
SesaZlo miniSnebebi (magaliTebi)
kursis miznebi, xangrZlivoba, struqtura,
saswavlo saSualebebi.
SesaZlo miniSnebebi (magaliTebi)
maswavleblis wignSi uzrunvelyofili
mxardaWerisa da megzurobis xarisxi,
saklaso oTaxSi masalebis gamoyenebis
gaadvileba; balansi novaciasa da
maswavleblebis molodinebis
dakmayofilebas Soris
SesaZlo miniSnebebi (magaliTebi)
kursis xangrZlivoba, davalebis tipebi,
saSualebebi, werilobiTi mxardaWeris
xarisxi, Semswavlelis treningi,
maswavleblis ganviTareba
194
SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis
1. savaraudod, vin iqnebian Semswavlelebi? ramdenad SesaZlebelia maTi
daxasiaTeba: asaki, sqesi, mSobliuri enis, kulturuli fonis, saganmanaTleblo
da profesiuli miswrafebebis, moTxovnebisa da survilebis, swavlis
saSualebebsa da saxeobebSi savaraudo gaTviTcnobierebulobis da Semswavlel
enaze maTi amJamindeli codnis donis mixedviT?
2. ra mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblebi gaaCnia institucionalur sitemas /
sistemebs, romelTa farglebSic, savaraudod gamoyenebul unda iqnes masalebi?
rogor moxdeba masalebis misadageba arsebul / savaraudo kurikulumebTan,
Sefasebis procedurebsa da midgomebTan? ramdenad iqneba masalebSi
gacnobierebuli praqtikuli realoba saSualebebTan, adgilTan, drosTan,
personaliT dakompleqtebasTan, klasSi studentebis raodenobasTan, a.S .
mimarTebaSi? kursi sworxazovani / modulebis mimdevari iqneba, warimarTeba
maswavleblis mier Tu mis gareSe, jgufur / individualur garemoSi?
3. SesaZlebelia Tu ara raime saxis ganzogadeba im maswavleblebTan
mimarTebaSi, romlebic waiyvanen kurss? ramdenad unda elodnen / iTxovdnen
isini mxardaWeras da miTiTebebis uzrunvelyofas masalebSi?
2. ra saxiT iqneba aRwerili masalebis miznebi
erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba ucnauric ki iyos aseTi SekiTxviT dawyeba:
upirveles yovlisa, imaze ar unda davfiqrdeT, ris swavla esaWiroebaT an surT
Cvens Semswavlelebs? ra Tqma unda, problema is aris, saTaurSi mocemul
SekiTxvas ver ganvixilavT, Tu ar gveqneba kategoriebi, romelTa mixedviTac
unda gavceT mas pasuxi. swored am kategoriebis mxriv gTavazobs kompetenciebi
daxmarebas.
erT-erTi pirveli aspeqti, romelic unda gaiTvaliswinos
saxelmZRvanelos avtorma, exeba maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic axdens kursis
organizebas. Ur_i (1996) gansazRvravs silabusis aT tips maxasiaTeblis mixedviT.
es maxasiaTeblebia: gramatikuli, leqsikuri, gramatikul-leqsikuri, situaciuri,
Temaze dafuZnebuli, azrobrivi, funqcionalur-azrobrivi, Sereuli an
mravalmxrivi, proceduruli (davalebebis saxiT gansazRvruli) da
procesualuri (SeTanxmebiT). SesaZlebelia damatebac, metyvelebis, Janris,
teqstis tipebis, enobrivi unarebis, profesiuli / akademiuri unarebis,
sociokulturuli codnisa da unarebis, Semswavlelis strategiebis, a. S.
gaTvaliswinebiT.
ra saorganizacio principebi SeiZleba edos Tqvens silabuss safuZvlad?
moxdeba misi organizeba gramatikuli TanamimdevrobiT? moxdeba misi dafuZneba
SemswavlelebisaTvis Rirebulad miCneul Temebze? iqneba igi leqsikasa da
gamoyenebis sixSireze damokidebuli? moxdeba misi organizeba sakomunikacio
davalebebis mixedviT? moxdeba misi ageba sasargeblo Janrebisa da teqstis
tipebis mixedviT? Tqven, albaT moisurvebT yvela am elementis gaTvaliswinebas.
arsebobs mosazreba, rom enis saswavlo saxelmZRvaneloebi ufro da ufro
metad efuZneba mravalmxriv silabusebs, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom masalebis
Sedgenis procesi, saWiroebidan gamomdinare, imarTeba silabusis erTi an ori
ZiriTadi elementiT, romlebic gamoiyeneba kursis organizebisaTvis. am
ZiriTadi saorganizacio elementebis SerCevas didi mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan
SeiZleba seriozuli zegavlena moaxdinos sxva elementebze. SesaZlebelia
gadavwyvitoT (kursebis mravali sxva avtoris msgavsad) kursis Tanamimdevrobis
gansazRvra teqstis gramatikisa da winadadebebis gamoyenebisa da formebis
mzardad rTuli aspeqtebis mixedviT. aseTi Tanamimdevrobis arCevanisaTvis
195
logikur dasabuTebad SegviZlia gamoviyenoT is, rom gramatikis zogierTi
elementi ufro advilia gasagebad, Sesaswavlad da gamosayeneblad da amitomac
unda iyos pirvel poziciaze. Tu aqcents vakeTebT gramatikaze da vmuSaobT
sakuTari teqstebisa da enobrivi magaliTebis farglebSi, SevamCnevT, rom
sityvebi Semogvaqvs gramatikis Sesavsebad, rom movaxdinoT konkretuli
struqturis magaliTebiT ilustrireba. Tu, meore mxriv, sakuTar TavSi vipoviT
nebisyofasa da energias im teqstebis realuri magaliTebis mosaZieblad, sadac
gramatikis moculoba Cvens moTxovnebs akmayofilebs, (da es ukiduresad
rTulia) namdvilad ver SevZlebT aseTi teqstebis leqsikuri Sinaarsisa da
sakomunikacio maxasiaTeblebis kontrolirebas. igive problemas wavawydebiT, Tu
moqmedebas daviwyebT realuri komunikaciiT. enis realuri erTeulebis SerCeva
maTi sakomunikacio maxasiaTeblis mixedviT, gaarTulebs gramatikuli da
leqsikuri Sinaarsis kontrolirebas.
amiT imis Tqma gvinda, rom ganyenebuli gagebiT, Zalze advilia
mravalmxrivi silabusis Sedgena, magram ukiduresad rTulia mravalmxrivi
masalebis Seqmna. realurad, Cven unda gadavwyvitoT, romeli mimarTuleba iqneba
Cveni kursis warmmarTveli. arc am gzamkvlevis da arc kompetenciebis funqcia
ar aris upiratesobis miniWeba romelime mimarTulebisaTvis. aseTi arCevani
damokidebulia Tqvens mosazrebebze da imaze, Tu ras amjobinebT enasa da enis
swavlasTan mimarTebaSi. Tumca, kompetenciebi gvTavazobs SemswavlelTa
moTxovnebisa da survilebis aRweris ramdenime gzas.
masalebis bevri avtorisa da maswavleblisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba
zRvruli donisa da @enis safuZvlis donis dokumentaciis gamoyeneba, romelic
SeimuSa evropis sabWom. dokumentaciis pirveli versiebi 1975 wels gamovida.
maTi ganaxleba da ganvrcoba 1990 wels moxda.
zRvrul done 1990-Si CamoTvlilia yvela is kategoria, romelic SeiZleba
silabusebSi firgurirebdes. nebismieri an yvela maTgani SesaZlebelia
gamoyenebul iqnes saxelmZRvanelos saorganizacio elementebad. maT Sorisaa :
• enis funqciebi
• zogadi cnebebi (semantikur-gramatikuli kategoriebi)
• specifikuri cnebebi (romlebsac xSirad Temebadac moixsenieben)
• azrTa verbaluri urTierTgacvlis nimuSebi (gavrcelebuli
funqcionaluri Tanamimdevroba)
• teqstebTan urTierToba: kiTxva da mosmena
• wera
• sociokulturuli kompetencia
• sakompensacio strategiebi
• swavlis swavla
• gramatika
• leqsikoni
• gamoTqma da intonacia
unda aRiniSnos, rom silabuss ar qmnis es CamonaTvali. Tumca, igi uzrun-
velyofs kategoriebs, romelTa mixedviTac SesaZlebelia SeirCes silabusis mi-
marTulebebi da Setanil iqnes informacia am mimarTulebebis SesaZlo max-
asiaTeblebis Sesaxeb.
magram, sakiTxavia, rogori kavSiria iseT detalur dokuments, rogoricaa
zRvruli done 1990 da kompetenciebs Soris? es ukanaskneli stimuls aZlevs ma-
salebis avtorebs, rom maT moifiqron da Tavi mouyaron informacias im sa-
kiTxebze, romlebic ukavSirdeba maTi Semswavlelebis moTxovnebsa da sur-
vilebs enasTan mimarTebaSi. zRvruli done 1990-is specifikacia kompetenciebis
mier dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemis erT-erTi gzaa. igi gvawvdis konkretul
interpretacias da uzrunvelyofs sasargeblo models kompetenciebiT muSao-
bisaTvis.
196
am Tavis darCenili nawili eZRvneba kompetenciebis mier mowodebul Se-
kiTxvebs da kategoriebs, rac gvexmareba imis mofiqrebaSi, Tu ra gvsurs
vixiloT saswavlo miznebis saxiT Cvens enis kursebsa da saxelmZRvaneloebSi. am
SekiTxvebs kompetenciebi detalurad ganixilavs, magram, urigo ar iqneba,
SeviswavloT aq SemoTavazebuli kategoriebic, rom xeli SevuwyoT masalebis
avtorebis fiqrs igive mimarTulebiT.
2. 1. enis gamoyenebis konteqsti
erT-erTi pirveli kiTxva, romelic saxelmZRvanelos avtorma unda dasvas,
ase JRers: savaraudod, ra konteqstSi gamoiyeneben Semswavlelebi `im enas, rom-
lis Seswavlac aqvT gamiznuli?
2. 2. sferoebi (kompetenciebi 4.11..)
es SekiTxva SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes im kuTxiT, rasac kompetenciebi
sferoebs uwodebs. aris es sferoebi: pirovnuli _ romelic cxovrebas ganixi-
lavs ojaxur cxovrebasa da megobrebze koncentrirebuli individis mixedviT;
sazogadoebrivi _ romelic Semswavlelebs ganixilavs, farTo sazogadoebis
wevrebad, romlebic monawileoben sxvadasxva saxis tranzaqciebSi; profesiuli
_ exeba sakuTari saqmianobiTa da profesiiT dakavebul Semswavlelebs; saganma-
naTleblo _ exeba organizebul swavlaSi CarTul Semswavlelebs?
zogadi Semswavlelebis SemTxvevaSi, Znelia im sferoebis prognozireba,
sadac SeiZleba adgili hqondes enis gamoyenebas, maSin, roca konkretuli
Semswavlelebi (magaliTad, LSP kursebi) SemTxvevaSi, sferoebic Zalze konkre-
tulia. kompetenciebi miiCnevs, rom masalebis avtorebma unda ganixilon, Tu
rogor SeiZleba enis gamoyenebis konteqstis aRwera zemoxsenebuli oTxi funda-
menturi sferos mixedviT. aseve, urigo ar iqneba, maT mier imis ganxilva, Tu ra
zegavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos am oTxma sferom masalebis miznebze.
magaliTebi
SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom umcrosi asakis skolis moswavleebi aqcents
gaakeTeben pirovnul da sazogadoebriv sferoebze, maSin, roca strudentebisaT-
vis, romlebic emzadebian sxva enaze swavlisaTvis, albaT sxva kulturul gare-
moSi, gansakuTrebiT Sesaferis iqneba saganmanaTleblo sfero. profesiuli
sfero SeiZleba iyos Zalze specifikuri da koncentrirebuli arsebul samuSao
situaciebze, an nakleb specifikuri (rogoricaa komercia) da aqcents akeTebdes
zogad, prognozirebad samomavlo moTxovnebze (magaliTad, sxva evropul qvey-
nebSi komerciul sferoSi moRvaweoba)
2. 1. 2. situaciebi (kompetenciebi 4.1.2)
SevarCieT ra saTanado sfero, SegviZlia ufro detalurad CaRrmaveba da
im mravalferovani situaciebis ganxilva, romlebsac SeiZleba hqondes adgili
aRniSnuli sferoebis farglebSi. maTi aRwera SeiZleba: adgilebis, intitute-
bisa da organizaciebis, monawile adamianebis socialuri rolebis, mocemuli
garemos, Sesaferis sagnebis, savaraudo movlenebis, qmedebebisa da teqstebis
mixedviT.
magaliTebi
diagrama 2 gvaZlevs tipiuri situaciebisa da maTi SesaZlo komponentebis
magaliTebs (kompetenciebi 4.1.2. cxrili 5) mocemuli CamonaTvali mxolod ilus-
traciuli xasiaTisaa.
197
pirovnuli sazogadoebrivi profesiuli saganmanaTleblo
adgilebi saxli: sakuTari,
saxli ojaxis
oTaxebi megobrebis
baRi ucnobebis
sakuTari adgili
saerTo
belSi, sastumro
sofeli, zRvi
a.S
sacxovre-
Si
spiri,
maRa-
aavadmyo-
mis-
ndvrebi,
Teatri
maRa-
saxurebis
bufeti
sazogadoebrivi
adgilebi: quCa,
moedani, parki, da a.
S. sazogadoebrivi
transporti,
ziebi, (super) mar-
ketebi, s
foebi, eqimis
aRebi klinika,
sportuli sta-
dionebi, mi
darbazebi,
kino, garToba re-
storani, ludxana
sastumro, salocavi
adgilebi
ofisebi qarxnebi
saamqroebi portebi,
rkinigza fermebi
aeroportebi
ziebi mom
sfero sastumroebi
skolebi: darbazi sak-
laso oTaxebi, saTamaSo
moednebi, sportis
saxeobebi mindvrebi,
koridorebi kolejebi
universitetebi leqcia
Teatrebi saseminaro
oTaxebi studenturi
kavSiri studqalaqi la-
boratoriebi
insti-
tutebi or-
an-
par-
multina-
cion-
rebi
ebuli sa-
profesion-
ebi moz-
naTleblo
ojaxis socialuri
qselebi
sajaro moxeleebi,
politikuri
ganoebi, kanoni, sa-
zogadoebrivi j
dacva, klubebi, sa-
zogadoebebi,
politikuri
tiebi, sarwmuneoba
firmebi sajaro
samsaxuri
cionaluri korpo-
raciebi na
aluri sawarmoebi
profkavSi
skola koleji univer-
siteti ganaTl
zogadoebebi
ali institut
rdilTa saganma
struqturebi
adamianebi bebia-babua,
mSoblebi,
mavali da-Zmebi,
deidebi, biZebi,
biZaSvilebi,
SeZenili
savebi, meuRleebi,
axlo megobrebi,
megobrebi, nacno-
bebi.
STamo-
naTe-
Tanamdebo-
vrebi
, gulSe-
may-
x-
toria
, barme-
egistra-
dlebi,
mene-
klien-
areblebi
,
ge-
sazogadoebis
wevrebi
bis pirebi maRaziis
personali policia,
jari, dacva
mZRolebi, kondu-
qtorebi, mgza
moTamaSeebi
matkivrebi,
ureblebi, msa
iobebi, audi
oficiantebi
nebi, r
torebi, mRv
mrevli
damsaqmeblebi
jerebi kolegebi
xelqveiTebi
kolegebi
samsaxurSi
tebi momxm
registratorebi
mdivnebi damla
blebi, a.S
klasis maswavleblebi
saswavlo personali
meurveebi damxmare per-
sonali mSoblebi klase-
lebi profesorebi,
leqtorebi studentebi,
jgufelebi biblioTeka
da laboratoriis person-
ali sasadilos person-
ali, damlageblebi Svei-
carebi, mdivnebi, a.S
sagnebi avejis gawyoba da
aveji tansacmeli
sayofacxovrebo
teqnika sa-
TamaSoebi, instru-
mentebi, piradi
higiena, xelovne-
basTan dakavSire-
buli sagnebi,
wignebi, veluri /
Sinauri
cxovelebi, xeebi,
mcenareebi, gazoni,
guburebi, sayo-
facxovrebo niv-
Tebi, xelCanTebi
sportuli aRWur-
fuli, qisa, safule,
formebi, saqoneli,
iaraRi, zurgCanTebi,
yuTebi, saxelurebi
burTebi programebi
kerZebi, sasmelebi,
msubuqi sauzme,
pasportebi,
ziebi
licen-
indus-
bi
TanamSrom-
au-
biznes meqanizmi
industriuli
meqanizmi,
triuli da saamqros
xelsawyoe
saweri masala saskolo
formebi aRWurviloba da
tansacmeli
lebisaTvis saWmeli
dio-vizualuri aRWur-
viloba dafa da carci
kompiuterebi brifkeisebi
da saskolo CanTebi
198
viloba
movlenebi ojaxuri movlenebi
Sexvedrebi
dentebi, avar
bunebrivi fenome-
nebi wveulebebi,
vizitebi seirnoba,
velosipedi
noba, manqaniT
gadaadgileba ar-
dadegebi eqs
siebi spo
RonisZiebebi
incin-
iebi
TYseir-
kur-
rtuli
ex-
marTlo
dResas-
dReebi,
mre-
war-
debi
inter-
iRebebi
iebi baz-
lta-
sezonuri
in-
avariebi
proble-
incidentebi
avariebi, sneulebebi
sazogadoebrivi S
vedrebi sasa
devna, sasamarTlo
procesebi sa
waulo
jarimebi, dapati
bebi matCebi, Seji-
brebebi
modgenebi qor-
wilebi, panaSvi
Sexvedrebi
viuebi, m
konferenc
robebi konsu
ciebi
fasdaklebebi
dustriuli
sawarmo davebi
skolaSi dabruneba / Ses-
vla skolis daxurva ar-
dadegebze vizitebi da
gacvlebi mSoblebis
dReebi saRamoebi spor-
tuli dReebi, matCebi
disciplinaruli
mebi
qmedebebi cxovrebis rutina
(Cacma, gaxda,
saWmlis momzadeba,
kveba recxva, a.S)
mebaReoba, DIY,
kiTxva, radio da
televizia
TamaSebi da
sporti, gatacebebi
yidva da sa-
zogadoebrivi
momsaxurebis miReba,
samedicino
momsaxurebiT
bloba, mogz
manqaniT /
matarebliT / gemiT
/ TviTmfrinaviT
sazogadoebrivi
garToba da
caleoba
RvTismsaxur
sarge-
auroba
mo-
eba
kompi-
ciebi
biznes-administri-
reba, sawarmos
marTva sawarmos
operaciebi ofisis
procedurebi
gacvla gasaRebis
operaciebi, gayidva,
marketingi
uteruli opera
Sekreba gakveTilebi
TamaSebi TamaSis dro
klubebi da sazogadoe-
bebi leqsiebi, Txzulebe-
bis wera laboratoriuli
samuSao biblioTekaSi
muSaoba seminarebi da
kerZo gakveTilebi saSi-
nao davaleba debatebi da
diskusiebi
teqstebi teqstebi garan-
tiebi recefciebi
instruqcia ro-
manebi, Jurnalebi,
gazeTebi fosta
broSurebi piradi
werilebi mauwye-
bloba da Cawer-
ili sasaubro
teqstebi
sazogadoebrivi
gancxadebebi da
Setyobinebebi iar-
liyebi da Sefaseba
proklamaciebi,
amotvifruli war-
werebi bileTebi,
ganrigebi Setyo-
binebebi, wesdebebi
programebi kon-
traqtebi meniuebi
wminda teqstebi
qadagebebi, himnebi
saqmiani werili
raporti memoran-
dumi sicocxle da
usafrTxoeba in-
struqciebi wesde-
bebi sareklamo ma-
sala iarliyis dak-
vra da SefuTva
samuSao aRwera
savizito baraTebi ,
a. S.
avTenturi teqstebi
(rogorc zemoT) sax-
elmZRvaneloebi, mkiTx-
velebi, cnobarebi, teqsti
dafaze, op. teqsti, teqsti kompiuteris ekranze,
videoteqsti, savarjiSo
masala, Jurnalis sta-
tiebi, reziume leqsikon-
ebze
2. 1. 3. pirobebi da SezRudvebi (kompetenciebi 4.1.3)
CavuRrmavdebiT ra gamoyenebis konteqstebis specifikacias, SegviZlia gan-
vixiloT yoveli situacis pirobebi da SezRudvebi. masalebis SemmuSavebelTaT-
vis es miniSneba iqneba teqstisa da davalebis tipebze. gare pirobebidan
mniSvnelovnadaa miCneuli: fizikuri pirobebi (rogoricaa xmauri ukana fonze),
socialuri pirobebi (rogoricaa mosaubreTa raodenoba da statusi). drois
wnexi (SezRudvebi drois TvalsazrisiT)
magaliTebi
ucxo qveyanaSi vizitiT myofi politikosis Tarjimans, romelic sinqro-
nul Targmans axorcielebs, moeTxoveba Zalze swrafad muSaoba, individebsa da
jgufebs Soris, sxvadasxva adgilebSi da xSirad ukiduresi wnexis pirobebSi.
aeroportis reisebis gamomcxadeblebs uwevT erTi da give rutinis midevna,
akeTeben ra monolog-gancxadebebs sakuTari tempiT da ar moelian aranair sa-
pasuxo informacias. SexvedrebSi monawile saqmian adamianebs, romelTa samsaxu-
ric swored am Sexvedrebzea damokidebuli, mravalnair pirobebSi uwevT mo-
qmedeba, dawyebuli sastumros baridan, sadac ucxoeli turistebi nacnobebTan
maslaaToben. maRali motivaciis mqone Semswavlelebi SeiZleba pozitiurad ga-
moexmauron im masalebs, romlebic dabali motivaciis mqone Semswavlelebs arc
ki daainteresebT.
realurad, Znelia enis gamoyenebis samomavlo konteqstebis gamocnoba, ara
mxolod bavSvebisa da saSualo skolis moswavleebis moTxovnebidan gamomdi-
199
nare, aramed studentebis SemTxvevaSic, romelTac, miCneulia, rom sakmaod
specifikuri moTxovnebi gaaCniaT. miuxedavad amisa, masalebis avtorma mainc
unda gadawyvitos, gamoyenebis romel konteqstebs Seitans sakuTar masalebSi.
amisaTvis man unda gamoiyenos informacia da intuicia, romelic efuZneba
ucxoeli enis Semswavlelis / momxmareblis an ganmanaTleblis gamocdilebas.
2. 1. 4. momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mentaluri konteqsti (kompetenciebi 4.1.4)
gare konteqsti ifiltreba da interpretirdeba momxmareblis aRqmis
aparatis mier. saubaria, adamianis mentalur konstruqciebze, romlebic zegav-
lenas axdens mexsierebaze, asociaciebsa da meorad mniSvnelobebze da momx-
mareblis mier sagnebisa da movlenebis klasificirebaze. sxva Sesabamisi
faqtorebi moicavs: gonebriv mdgomareobas, moTxovnebs, Sinagan muxts, intere-
sebs, ganzraxvas, fiqris mimarTulebebs.
2. 1. 5. Tanamosaubris / TanamosaubreTa mentaluri konteqsti (kompetenciebi 4.1.5)
Tanamosaubre SeiZleba iziarebdes igive gare konteqsts, magram mas sxvag-
varad akvirdebodes da ganixilavdes. ori adamiani, romelic erTmaneTs telefo-
niT esaubreba, SeiZleba eqvemdebarebodes ara mxolod gansxvavebul pirobebsa
da SezRudvebs (magaliTad, satelefono xazis erT mxares myofi SeiZleba
xarvezebs uCiodes, xolo meores SeiZleba eCqarebodes), aramed SesaZloa
sruliad gansxvavebuli sakomunikacio miznebiT moqmedebdes, motivirebuli iyos
sxvadasxva moTxovnebiT da imyofebodes gansazRvrul gonebriv mdgomareobaSi.
komunikaciis efeqturobisaTvis aucilebelia, Tanamosaubreebi moergon erT-
maneTis mentalur konteqsts.
2. 2. sakomunikacio Temebi (kompetenciebi 4.2)
aq moiazreba komunikaciis sagani, rasac maswavleblebi xSirad Temebad
ganixilaven. zogad enobriv konteqstSi, swored Tematur sferoSi vamaxvilebT
yuradRebas, SemswavlelTa survilebze. aucilebelia, rom Temebi miesadagebodes
Cvens Semswavlelebs _ Sesabamisobas ganapirobebs ara mxolod is, rom Temebi
gamosadegia (am mxriv, isini miesadageba gamoyenebis prognozirebul konteqstebs
da erTgvari instrumentia ZiriTadi enisaTvis), aramed isic, rom isini saintere-
soa. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom TviT Temebi, rogorc aseTi, xSirad ramdenadme
`umariloa~. SegviZlia isini sainteresod vaqcioT, Tu maTze koncentrirebas
movaxdenT romelime konkretuli kuTxiT da yovel maTgans qveTemebad davyofT.
magaliTebi
modiT, Temad ganvixiloT muSaoba. qveTemis saxiT SegviZlia SevarCioT
studentebis muSaoba ardadegebze ucxo qveyanaSi. es saSualebas mogvcems, movi-
fiqroT damatebiTi qvekategoriebic, romelTac kompetenciebi specifikur cnebe-
bad ganixilavs da romlebic moiazrebs leqsikonis mTel rig sferoebs. Seg-
viZlia aqcenti gavakeToT romelime konkretuli saxis samuSaoze _ rogoricaa
evro disneilendSi muSaoba parizis farglebs gareT. es warmoSobs mTel rig
sityvaTa jgufs, romlebic azrobrivad ukavSirdeba adgilebs (kvebis punqtebi,
pirveladi daxmarebis punqtebi, misaRebi, avtosadgomebi da a. S.) adamianebs (ani-
maciuri filmebis personaJebi, stumrebi, momxmareblebi, gidebi da a.S) sagnebs
(bileTebi, sakvebi da sasmeli, suvenirebi da.a. S. da moqmedebebs (danaxva, stum-
roba, mosmena, yureba, Sesvla / gamosvla, dawyeba, damTavreba, mogeba, wageba,
monawileoba, tareba, a.S). Tematuri sferoebis zogadma identifikaciam SeiZleba
ganapirobos enis gamosadegi erTeulebis sakmaod detaluri specifikacia, rac
kursis Semadgeneli nawili gaxdeba.
2. 3. sakomunikacio davalebebi da miznebi (kompetenciebi 4.3)
200
gadawyvetilebebi gamoyenebis konteqstebsa da saTanado sakomunikacio
Temebis Sesaxeb, saSualebas gvaZlevs ufro detalurad ganvixiloT calkeuli
situaciebis enobrivi cenzebi. rogor gvgonia, ra sakomunikacio davalebebis
Sesruleba dasWirdebaT Cvens Semswavlelebs da ra mizniT? bolo 20 wlis
ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli LSP kvleva dagvexmareba ganvsazRvroT, Tu ra ena
gamoiyeneba konkretul garemoSi. ufro mcirea rCeva im enasTan mimarTebaSi,
romelic ukavSirdeba `zogadi~ davalebis Sesrulebas, naklebad prognozirebad
garemoSi. miuxedavad amisa, Cven rogorc masalebis avtorebma unda
ganvsazRvroT, yvelaze ufro metad romeli sakomunikacio davalebebi SexvdebaT,
an romelTa Sesruleba mouwevT Semswavlelebs. gTavazobT magaliTs zRvruli
done 1990-dan:
1. 12. samsaxurSi komunikacia
1. 12. 1. rogorc droebiT rezidentebs, Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT:
_ samuSao nebarTvis, a. S. miReba, moTxovnisamebr
_ cnobebis Sekreba (magaliTad, dasaqmebis saagentoebidan) dasaqmebis
tipze, xelmisawvdomobasa da pirobebze (rogoricaa samuSaos deskripcia,
anazRaureba, samuSao saaTebi, Tavisufali dro, ardadegebi)
_ dasaqmebaze sareklamo gancxadebebis wakiTxva
_ saaplikacio werilebis Sedgena, gasaubrebis gavla, werilobiTi an
zepiri informaciis miwodebiT dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema
_ momijnave procedurebis gageba da Sesruleba
_ muSaobis dawyebisas, Sesasrulebeli davalebebis gageba da maTTan da-
kavSirebiT kiTxvebis dasma.
_ usafrTxoebis wesebisa da miTiTebebis gageba
_ momxdari SemTxvevis Setyobineba da dazRvevis moTxovna
_ xelmZRvanelebTan, kolegebTan da xelqveiTebTan saTanadod komunikacia
_ sawarmos an institutis socialur cxovrebaSi monawileoba (magaliTad,
bufeti, sportuli da socialuri klubebi da a.S)
[SeniSvna: aq danomvra xdeba zRvruli done 1990-is mixedviT]
2. 4. sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebi da strategiebi (kompetenciebi 4.4)
sakomunikacio davalebis Sesasruleblad momxmareblebs mouwevT
sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebSi monawileoba da sakomunikacio strategiebis
gamoyeneba. am aqtivobebisa da stratebiegis jgufebs maswavleblebi da
masalebis avtorebi xSirad aerTianeben iseTi zogadi saTauris qveS, rogoricaa
`unarebi~. kompetenciebi gansazRvravs enobrivi aqtivobis oTx ZiriTad tips:
produqtiuli (sasaubro da werilobiTi), recefciuli (sasaubro, werilobiTi
da audio-vizualuri), interaqciuli (sasaubro da werilobiTi) da mediacia
(magaliTad, Tarjimnoba). yvela CamoTvlili sakomunikacio aqtivoba moicavs
mTel speqtrs sakomunikacio davalebebisa, romelic Setanil unda iqnes
masalebSi. ra Tqma unda, situaciebis umravlesoba moiTxovs aqtivobaTa
Sereuli tipebis Sesrulebas.
magaliTebi
zepiri producireba SeiZleba moicavdes saubars Canawerebis mixedviT;
sasaubro interaqcia SeiZleba moicavdes diskusiaSi monawileobas; mediacia
SeiZleba iyos Zalze formaluri da werilobiTi (iuridiuli dokumentaciis
zusti Targmanis uzrunvlyofa) an sakmaod araformaluri da sasaubro
(stumrisaTvis menius ganmarteba)
kompetenciebi strategiebs Semdegnairad ganmartavs:
`strategiebi is saSualebebia, romleTac mimarTavs enis momxmarebeli
sakuTari resursebis gamoyenebis an mobilizaciisaTvis, unarebisa da
procedurebis aqtivizirebisaTvis, konteqstis mixedviT, sakomunikacio
201
moTxovnebis da mocemuli davalebis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis, rac unda
moxdes gasagebad da ekonomiurad, konkretuli miznidan gamomdinare~.
sakomunikacio strategiebi moicavs recefciis, interaqciis,
producirebisa da midiaciis sakomunikacio aqtivobebis sxvadasxva tipebis
dagegmvas, Sesrulebas, monitoringsa da Sesworebas. Kkompetenciebis punqti 4.8
detalurad aRwers im sakomunikacio stretegiebs, romlebic efeqturobis
maqsimalurad gazrdas emsaxureba.
magaliTebi
Semswavlels moeTxoveba mokle sityviT gamosvla. es SegviZlia
producirebis magaliTad ganvixiloT. dagegmva SeiZleba moicavdes repetirebas,
prezentaciis sxvadasxva variantebis efeqturobaze dafiqrebas (auditoriis
gaTvaliswinebiT), axali sityvebis mniSvnelobis leqsikonSi moZiebas an
daxmarebis Txovnas (resursebis gansazRvra). resursebis mobilizebis Semdeg,
Semswavlels SeuZlia metnaklebi ambicia iqonios davalebis Sesrulebaze,
saubris xasiaTsa da moculobis da gansakuTrebiT, misi enobrivi Sinaarsis
gaTvaliswinebiT. Semswavleli sirTuleebs waawydeba, magram vimdovnebT,
SesZlebs maTTvis Tavis garTmevas xelmisawvdomi resursebis gamoyenebiT, rom
moaxerxos saTqmelis miwodeba kompensirebis, Zvel codnaze dayrdnobisa da
cdis saxiT. Auditoriis reaqcia Semswavlels warmatebis monitoringis
saSualebas miscems, ramac SeiZleba ganapirobos TviTSesworebac, rac
Sesworebis nairsaxeobaa.
am da sxva strategiebis ganviTareba, rac recefcias, producirebasa da
interaqcias exeba, enis saswavlo kursebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtia. isini
sasargebloa enis matareblis sakomunikacio unarebis ganviTarebisaTvisac
mraval profesiul sferoSi. aRniSnuli strategiebis ganviTarebaze gaTvlili
kursebi gavrcelebulia im sferoebSi, sadac komunikaciis xarisxi da
efeqturoba sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa, magaliTad konsultirebaSi, eqimisa da
pacientis urTierTobaSi da gayidvebis prezentaciebSi.
rogor unda gamovZebnoT dro da adgili strategiebis ganviTarebisTvis,
roca enaze saTanadod koncentrireba esoden mniSvnelovania? am kiTxvas
savsebiT samarTlianad (xSirad saCivris saxe aqvs) svamen maswavleblebi da
masalebis avtorebi. erTi pasuxi SeiZleba ase JRerdes, rom Cven SegviZlia
enobrivi procesebis, Semswavlelis kompetenciebisa da strategiebis
ganviTarebaze muSaoba da am yvelafrisaTvis saukeTeso gzaa davalebis Sedgena.
Cvens mier SerCeulma davalebaTa tipebma SesaZloa stimuli misces saswavlo da
sakomunikacio procedurebis ganviTarebas da gazardos gaTviTcnobierebuloba
komunikaciasTan midgomisa da misi monitoringis variantebTan mimarTebaSi. am
mxriv, msjeloba grZeldeba me-7 nawilSi.
kompetenciebi moicavs Zalze detalur da gamosadeg nakrebs eqvsi donis
deskriptorebisa, romlebic aRwers enis codnis xarisxs sakomunikacio enis
aqtivobebisa da strategiebis TvalsazrisiT.
SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis:
1. romeli strategiebi miesadageba Semswavlelebis sakomunikacio
moTxovnebs?
2. ramdenad SesaZlebelia am strategiebis ganviTareba masalebis
saSualebiT? moixovs isini calkeul specifikur aqtivobaze aqcentis gakeTebas,
Tu maTi ganviTarebis saukeTeso gzaa procedurebi, stimulirebuli davalebis
SedgeniT?
2. 5. sakomunikacio enis procesebi (kompetenciebi 4.5)
sakmarisi ar aris mxolod imis gansazRvra, Tu ra unda akeTon
Semswavlelebma mocemul enaze. maswavleblebma da masalebis avtorebmac unda
202
ganixilon, Tu rogor SeiZleba Semswavlelebis momzadeba sakomunikacio
davalebis efeqturad SesrulebisaTvis. Tanamedrove saxelmZRvaneloebis
umetesoba Semswavlelebs aZlevs saTanado sakomunikacio davalebebisaTvis
Tavis garTmevis saSualebas. Tumca, am saxelmZRvaneloebSi, ZiriTadad,
gamotovebulia is aqtivobebi, romlebic gvexmareba ucxo enaze moqmedebisaTvis
aucilebeli sakomunikacio procesebis ganviTarebaSi. masalebis avtorebma unda
SemogvTavazon ara mxolod TviT davalebaze varjiSi, aramed daxmareba misi
warmatebiT SesrulebisTvisac.
Kkompetenciebi gansazRvravs sakomunikacio enis procesebis cxra ZiriTad
maxasiaTebels. saWiroa ganvixiloT unarebi, romlebic exeba: dagegmvas,
Sesrulebas, producirebas, recefcias, interaqcias, monitorings, praqtikul
qmedebebs, pralingvistul yofaqcevas da parateqstualur maxasiaTeblebs.
sakomunikacio enis procesebSi monawile yvela unaris codnas gadamwyveti
mniSvenloba aqvs masalebis SemuSavebaSi. kompetenciebis punqti 4.5 gvTavazobs
megzurobas am procesebis TaviseburebebTan mimarTebaSi. aRniSnuli procesebis
ganviTarebis Setana masalebSi, maTi avtorebisaTvis erTgvari gamowvevaa.
magaliTi
rkinigzis sadgurze myof qals sWirdeba konkretuli matareblis gasvlis
drois gageba, bileTis SeZena da matarebelSi droulad Cajdoma. sakmarisa
aqcenti gavakeToT am davalebis erT aspeqtze mainc, rom davinaxoT
sakomunikacio enis procesebis mniSvneloba. am qals, albaT, mouwevs ganrigis
gacnoba. mis mier sasurveli informaciis misaRebad saWiroa: saTanado teqstis
gansazRvra da cnoba (parateqstualuri informaciis gamoyenebiT an vimesTan
gagebiT); misi gageba; da saWiro informaciis swrafad povna. am yvelafers
sWirdeba povnis, gaSifvris, daskvnis gakeTebis, prognozirebis, swrafad
gadaTvalierebis da a. S. unarebi. msgavs teqstebTan mimarTebaSi SevZlebT
Semswavlelebis daxmarebas im pirobiT, Tu Cven masalebSi SevitanT davalebebs,
romlebic iTvaliswineben enobriv procesebs.
SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis:
1. sakomunikacio enis romel procesebs moicavs davalebebi, romlebic
Tqvenma Semswavlelebma unda Seasrulon?
2. ramdenad SesaZlebelia am procesebis ganviTarebis Setana masalebSi? am
procesebze aqcentis gakeTeba uSualod swavlis TvalsazrisiT moxdeba Tu
arapirdapiri saxiT, magaliTad, davalebaTa kombinaciis SeqmniT an teqstebis
SerCeviT?
2. 6. teqstebi (kompetenciebi 4.6)
aq termini `teqsti~ sasaubro an werilobiTi enis nebismier erTeuls
moiazrebs, rogorc komunikacias. masalebis avtorebma naTeli warmodgena unda
Seiqmnan teqstebis yvela im tipze, romlebTan urTierTobac SeiZleba dasWirdeT
Semswavlelebs Semdegi TvalsazrisiT:
saSualebebi (magaliTad, nabeWdi, filmi, radio, telefoni, videofoni)
teqstis tipi (magaliTad, sasaubro _ sajaro gancxadebebi,
sazogadoebrivi debatebi, garToba)
(magaliTad, werilobiTi _ wignebi, Jurnalebi, broSurebi, paketebi,
niSnebi)
bunebrivia, masalebi unda moicavdes iseT teqstebs, romelTa msgavssac
Semswavlelebi realurad waawydebian da amitom, saWiroa maTi momzadeba am
realuri teqstebisaTvis, saSualebebis, Janris tipebis, TanamosaubreTa rolebis
miznebis da a. S. mixedviT.
203
SekiTxva masalebis avtorebisaTvis
romel teqstebs Sexvdebian Tqveni ASemswavlelebi saSualebebisa da
teqstis tipebis TvalsazrisiT?
2. 7. momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetenciebi (kompetenciebi 5)
pirvel nawilSi ukve ganvixileT, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania im
Semswavlelebis TaviseburebaTa codna, romlebmac SeiZleba isargeblon Tqvens
mier Sedgenili masalebiT. kompetenciebi ufro detalurad uRrmavdeba
kompetenciebs, romelTac sxvadasxva Semswavlelebi iyeneben enis kursebze. igi
kompetenciebs orad hyofs. zogadi kompetenciebi exeba: cxovrebiseul
gamocdilebas, sociokulturul codnas, Sesaswavli kulturis farglebSi
adamianebTan da institutebTan praqtikulad da warmatebiT dakavSirebis unars,
pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic zegavlenas axdens SemswavlelTa rolebze
sakomunikacio aqtebSi da swavlis unar-Cvevebs. sakomunikacio enis kompetenciebi
exeba enobrivi, siciolingvisturi da pragmatuli codnisa da unarebis
konkretuli sakomunikacio davalebebis Sesasruleblad gamoyenebis unars. isini
dakavSirebulia gramatikasTan, leqsikonTan, fonologiasTan, socialuri
mniSvnelobis markerebis gagebasa da gamoyenebasTan (rogoricaa Tavazianoba,
aqcenti), metyvelebasTan, funqcionalur da sqematur SesaZleblobebTan.
kompetenciebis es nawili metad mniSvnelovania gamomdinare iqidan, rom
gvawvdis im kategoriaTa dawvrilebiT CamonaTvals, romelTa sakuTar masalebSi
Setanac unda gaiTvaliswinon avtorebma. igi mimoixilavs enobrivi kompetenciis
ara mxolod SedarebiT ufro nacnob sferoebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia
gramatikasTan, leqsikasa da fonologiasTan, aramed miTiTebebs im sferoebzec,
romlebic enis Tanamedrove saswavlo masalebis mniSvnelovan maxasiaTeblad
iqca. maT ricxvs ganekuTvneba: sociokulturuli codna, egzistencialuri
kompetencia (dakavSirebuli individualur pirovnul faqtorebTan) da sqematuri
agebis unar-SesaZleblobebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom es kategoriebi mzardad
figurirebs enis saswavlo masalebSi, maTi mimoxilva da prezentacia xSirad
sakmaod SemTxveviTia. kompetenciebi cdilobs mogvawodos maTi ufro detaluri
aRwera.
SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis
1. rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad SesZleben masalebis avtorebi zemoxsenebuli
zogadi kompetenciebis gaTvaliswinebas?
2. ramdenad samarTliania enis kursis mizani, modificireba gaukeTos
im pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic zegavlenas axdens enis swavlasa da ko-
munikaciaze?
3. rogor vRebulobT gadawyvetilebebs yovel doneze enobrivi kompe-
tenciis ganviTarebis (leqsikoni, gramatika) miznebis Sesaxeb?
4. rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad unda iswavlebodes metyveleba da sqema-
turi organizacia ucxo enis kursze?
Sejameba
es nawili Seexo mTel rig iseT sferoebs, sadac marTebulia pasuxi gae-
ces SekiTxvebs im SemswavlelbTan dakavSirebiT, romlebisTvisac werT masalebs.
maTi ganxilva, aseve SesaZlebelia enis kursis an masalebis nakrebis miznebis
SesaZlo kategoriebad. masalebis avtoris amocanas warmoadgens informaciis
204
Sekreba da gadawyvetilebaTa miReba yvela CamoTvlil sferoSi. mxolod Tqven-
zea damokidebuli imis gansazRvra, Tu miznebis romeli erTobliobiT moxdeba
Tqveni silabusis organizeba da sxva ra miznebi iqceva ZiriTad mimarTulebebad,
romlebzec uSualod gakeTdeba aqcenti. momdevno etapze unda ganvixiloT is
miznebi, romelTa pirdapir dasaxvac ar xdeba (albaT, ufro teqstis SerCevis an
davalebis Sedgenis gziT), magram romlebic Tanamimdevrulad unda aisaxos ma-
salebSi.
3. Semswavlelebis moTxovnebsa da survilebTan mimarTebaSi, ra saxis
informaciaa xelmisawvdomi?
zemoxsenebuli kategoriebi uzrunvelgvyofs Semswavlelebis moTxovnebisa
da survilebis da Sesabamisad, Cveni kursis miznebis aRweris variantebiT. LSP
kursebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba gagviCndes moTxovnaTa detalurad gaanalizebis
survili, rac moicavs monacemebis Tavmoyrasa da analizs. aseve, SeiZleba visur-
voT specialuri leqsikoniT an enis analizis Sedegebze gamoqveynebuli
kvleviTi naSromiT sargebloba, interesis sferoSi. Zalze faseulia sxva kurse-
bis saxelmZRvaneloTa gadaxedvac, romlebic Seiqmna msgavsi moTxovnebis mqone
SemswavlelTaTvis.
ufro zogadi miznebis moqne Semswavlelebsac igivenairad midgomas vur-
CevT, Tumca, realurad Cven ufro vikvlevT sakuTar da sxvebis intuicias da
naklebad mivmarTavT monacemTa gaanalizebas. kompetenciebis me-3 TavSi moce-
muli Sekixvebi dafiqrebas ganapirobebs, Tumca masze gacemuli pasuxebi unda
Semowmdes informaciis sxva wyaroebis mixedviT _ rogoricaa kursis gacxade-
buli miznebi, gamocdebi, sxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, araSida sakon-
trolo furclebi da sxva Sesabamisi saxelmZRvaneloebi.
kompetenciebis daniSnuleba ar aris Sesabamisi sakomunikacio davalebebis
faqtobrivi verbalizaciis SeTavazeba (Sesabamis aqtivobebSi, TemebSi, situa-
ciebSi, sferoebSi). ase rom, me-3 TavSi mocemul kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemisas,
kompetenciebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gadavwyvitoT, rom magaliTad, Semswav-
lelebs sWirdebaT informaciis moZieba samuSao maxasiaTeblebze, xelmisawvdo-
mobasa da pirobebze (sakomunikacio davaleba) damsaqmeblebTan zepiri in-
teraqciis gziT (sakomunikacio enis aqtivoba) dasaqmebis centrSi; amasTan, unda
moxdes dasaqmebaze sareklamo gancxadebebis gadaxedva (situacia), sadac sfero
profesiulia (sfero) da Tema dasaqmebaa (sakomunikacio Tema) da moicavs sako-
munikacio enis calkeul procesebs, kompetenciebsa da strategiebs. miuxedavad
amisa, aucileblad unda gaarkvioT, mocemuli enis Semswavlelebi rogor
SesZleben verbalizacias, radgan swored yvela sakomunikacio davalebis ver-
balizacia uzrunvelyofs im enas, romelic Seswavlasac saWiroeben Semswav-
lelebi. swored misgan iRebs saTaves kursis gramatikuli da leqsikuri Si-
naarsi.
SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis
1. informaciis ra wyaroebs SeiZleba daeyrdnoT Semswavlelebis moTxov-
nebsa da survilebTan dakavSirebiT?
2. ra procedurebs mimarTavT am informaciisa da monacemebis TavmoyrisT-
vis?
3. Tavs uyriT ra informacias, SegiZliaT, aseve, SekriboT teqstebi, rom-
lebsac gamoiyenebT / moargebT Tqvens masalebs?
4. Tu Tqveni kursi zogadi xasiaTisaa, arsebobs rekomendaciebis iseTi
wyaroebi, romelTac SegiZliaT daeyrdnoT (magaliTad zRvruli done 1990)?
205
5. arsebobs direqtivebi publikaciis saxiT, kursis miznebTan mimarTebaSi?
iTvaliswinebs kursi gamocdebs, romlebic moiazrebs, rom saTanado saxiT,
gaweulia garkveuli samuSao enis mxriv?
4. ra saSualebebis gamoyeneba ar aris sasruveli da praqtikuli
masalebisaTvis?
albaT, yvelas gvsurs, rom Cveni Semswavlelebi sargeblobdnen saswavlo
saSualebebis sruli speqtriT: furcelze nabeWdi, audio, video, uaxlesi kompi-
uteruli aparatura da programuli uzrunvelyofa. magram masalebis avtorebi
yovelTvis moqmedeben konkretuli konteqstebis farglebSi, rac zRudavs saSu-
alebebis arCevans. saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs, mTeli msoflios masStabiT
gaaCnia SezRudvebi biujetis mxriv da amitom, roca vfiqrobT saSualebebsa da
kursis komponentebze, erT-erTi pirveli, rac unda gvaxsovdes aris is, Tu ra
wvlils Seitans konkretuli saSualeba kursis saswavlo miznebSi da daumatebs
Tu ara is raime unikalurs (rasac sxva saSualebebi ver uzrunvelyofs) kursis
mTlian pakets? amgvarad fiqri Zalze sasargebloa masalebis avtorisaTvis,
radgan bunebrivia, rom roca mimdinareobs masalebis Sedgena konkretuli saSu-
alebebisaTvis, es masalebi Tavad unda iyenebdes am saSualebebis mier SemoTa-
vazebul unikalur SesaZleblobebs. magaliTad, azri ar aqvs kompiuteris gamo-
yenebas teqstebis prezentaciisaTvis, Tu saWiro interaqcia Semswavlelsa da
aseTi saxiT mowodebul teqsts Soris, arafriT gansxvavdeba Semswavlelsa da
wignSi mocemul teqsts Soris interaqciisagan. azri ar aqvs (ZviradRirebuli)
videos gamoyenebas (iaffasiani) audios nacvlad, Tu ar xdeba videos vizualuri
elementiT sargebloba. Sesabamisad, azri ar aqvs kursis calkeuli
nawilebisaTvis ZviradRirebuli kompiuteruli teqnikis gamoyenebas, Tu momx-
marebeli, rogorc institucionaluri, ise individualuri, iSviaTad an saerTod
ar sargebloben am mowyobilobiT. warmatebuli kursebi maqsimalurad iyeneben
xelmisawvdom saSualebebs da xSirad ise, rom ZviradRirebuli da egzotikuri
komponentebi arCeviTi da damatebiTia da ara gadamwyveti mocemuli kursisaTvis,
maSin roca arsebiTi komponentebi rac SeiZleba iafi da xelmisawvdomia _
Cveulebriv, mocemulia furcelze an audio saxiT. qvemoT gTavazobT ganvrco-
bili saklaso paketis gavrcelebul konfiguracias. arCeviTi komponentebi aR-
niSnul ebiT.
r iul
xarvez
ia varskvlav
magaliTi * _ arCeviTi komponentebi _ saklaso wigni: moicavs masalas saklaso oTaxSi gamoyenebisaTvis
_ saklaso audio (kaseta / CD): moicavs saklaso wignTan dakavSirebul mTel audio masalas.
_ samuSao wigni: moicavs praqtikas da SemswavlelTa SeniSvnebs, romlebic marto muSaoben, albaT, saxlSi
_ samuSao wignis audio (kaseta CD): moicavs samuSao wignTan dakavSire-bul mTel masalas
_ maswavleblis wigni: uzrunvelyofs maswavlebels damxmare masalebiT, rogo icaa davalebebis furclebi, romlebSic SeiZleba qseroaslebis saxiTgamravldes, baraTebi rolebis gaTamaSebisaTvis, aqtivobebi informac
Tan dakavSirebiT. _ * video: moicavs damatebiT masalebs saklaso masalebis ganvrcobisaT-
vis _ * samuSao wignis video: moicavs videosTan dakavSirebul masalebs _ * maswavleblis gzamkvlevis video: uzrunvelyofs maswavlebels ma-
salebiT videosa da samuSao wignis videosaTvis
206
_ * CD-ROM -i moicavs damatebiT praqtikas, miTiTebebs, teqstebs, mona-cemTa bazebs proeqtebisaTvis, a. S.
udio kompon
bze dafuZnebuli programis SezRudvebi. saSual
liswinos, ra datvirTva eqneba maT Setanas rogorc Semswavlelis, ise mas ebaT maswavleblebsa da m
aTvis? ramdenad saWiro iqneba orientacia TviT kursze da misi swavl
nteqstidan gamomdinare, ra komponentebia sasurveli an
_ * interneti: `onlain-leqsikonebi, gramatika, damatebiTi masalebi praqtikisaTvis, a. S.
_ * internet interaqcia: diskusiis jgufebi (sasaubro / werilobiTi), daxmarebis xazebi da a. S.
Tu kursi aqcents akeTebs, metwilad, kiTxvisa da weris unarebze, aenti SeiZleba gamotovebuli iyos, maSin, roca mometebuli daintereseba
sametyvelo enis ganviTarebiTa da gagebis gaumjobeseba, audio komponents arsebiT mniSvnelobas aniWebs. es gansakuTrebiT Seesabameba simarTles im SemTxvevaSi, roca maswavlebeli mocemul enaze saubris eqsperti ar aris.
kursis paketisTvis komponentebis SerCeva, ra Tqma unda, garkveul zegavlenas axdens meTodologiur ofciebze, magram ar unda gavazviadoT ubralod furcelze an audio masale
ebebis damateba marTlac sTavazobs kurss swavlis saxeobaTa speqtris gazrdis potencials. eWvi aRaravis epareba, rom interaqtiuli CD-ROM-i internetze dafuZnebuli kursebi individualuri swavlisaTvis STambeWdavi SesaZleblobebis SeTavazebas iwyebs.
fiqrobs ra egzotikuri saSualebebis komponentebis damatebaze, masalebis avtorma unda gaiTva
wavleblisaTvis. ra unarebi dasWirdoswavleebs sxvadasxva saSualebebis komponentebiT maqsimalurad
sargeblobisis saxeobebze? SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisTvis
1. saswavlo kodasaSvebi?
2. ramdenad xelmisawvdomi iqneba maswavleblebisTvis / SemswavlelebisaTvis kompiuteruli teqnika, romelic saWiroa calkeuli saSualebebisaTvis?
3. yvela komponenti aucilebeli iqneba kursisaTvis, Tu zogierT maTgans arCeviTi saxe eqnebaT?
4. ramdenad efemerulad migvaCnia zogierTi maRalteqnologiuri saSualeba? (ramdenad unda visargebloT CD-ROM-iT)
5. ra saswavlo Rirebuleba gaaCnia TiToeul komponents? 6. ramdenad srulad iyenebs masalebi sxvadasxva tipis saSualebebis mier
miwodebul unikalur SesaZleblobebs?
7. ramdenad ganapirobebs maRalteqnologiuri saSualebebis komponentebi
maswavleblebsa da Semswavlelebis monawileobas im axali unarebis ganviTare-
baSi, romlebic saWiroa mocemuli kursisaTvis.
5. rogor moxdeba masalebis Sefaseba, dajgufeba da
Tanamimdevrobis gansazRvra?
moxdeba ra zogadi gadawyvetilebe
xelmi
bis miReba masalebis miznebisa da
ra situaciebSi. sxva sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT, Tqven
Sedgen
sawvdom saSualebebTan dakavSirebiT, droa daviwyoT sxvadasxva nawilebis
detaluri struqturis ganxilva. am dokumentis miznebidan gamomdinare, koncen-
trirebas movaxdenT kursebis udidesi nawilis mTavar maxasiaTebelze _ sak-
laso oTaxze an studentis wignze.
Tqven ukve geqnebaT miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi ramdenime kuTxiT, Tqveni
Semswavlelis moTxovnebis / survilebis Sesaxeb arsebuli informaciis safuZ-
velze; magaliTad, romel sakomunikacio davalebebs gindaT rom gaarTvan Tavi
Tqvenma studentebma da
ili geqnebaT Tqveni kursis sakomunikacio kompetenciebisa da aqtivobas-
Tan / strategiasTan dakavSirebuli mizezebis nusxa. es yvelaferi mniSvnelovani
207
momzadebaa, magram faqtiurad, saxelmZRvenelos struqturis agebis davalebis
Sesruleba axla iwyeba.
Cvens mier moxsenebuli erT-erTi konteqstualuri parametri ukavSirde-
boda dros, romlis gamoyenebac SeuZliaT studentebs swavlisaTvis. magaliTis
saxiT aviRoT tipiuri evropuli saSualo skolis kurikulumi, romelic ucxo
enisaTvis gamohyofs sam-oTx saaTs kviraSi. saswavlo dawesebulebebis umravle-
soba moiTxovs saklaso saxelmZRvanelos gamoyenebas mTeli saswavlo wlis gan-
mavlobaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Cveni kursis masalebi gaTvlili unda iyos klasSi
mecadi
avlisaTvis (rogoricaa samuSao wigni).
magram axze gaTvlili programis Sedgena, ro-
melic
icirebuli (naklebad savaraudoa aseTi saklaso
oTaxi ar
vrobis nawili,
erTeu b
a (interesis Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT);
gamosa
swavlo miznebis dajgufeba erTeulisaTvis mTavari nabijia masalebis
Sedgen red am etapze xdeba sakontroli furclis gardaqmna
silab ad. gadaxedT dajgufebis am variants, romelic masalebis avtorebma
gamoiy s inglisuri enis kursis tipobrivi zogadi
saxelmZRvanelodan (Look Ahead 1)
ili nivTebi (tansacmeli, nivTebi piradi
igienisaTvis, konteinerebi)
aTesaobiTi brunvis s' maRaziis tipebisaTvis (rogoricaa news
anzaqciis Sesruleba, rac
davaleba: ramis Txovna (Can I have...?)
neobis daaxloebiT 80-100 saaTze, rasac emateba dro saSinao davalebis
Sesrulebisa da TviTSeswavlisaTvis. SeiZleba varCioT calke saswavlo masalis
Seqmna saSinao davalebisa da TviTSesw
rogor unda daviwyoT saklaso oT
klasSi mecadineobis 80-100 saaTs iTvaliswinebs?
upirveles yovlisa, saWiroa kursis erTeulebad dayofa. erTeulebis
miznebi da xangrZlivoba cvalebadi iqneba, konteqstidan gamomdinare, ra moiaz-
reba saswavlo masalebis `erTeulSi~?
gTavazobT ramdenime mosazrebas.
_ erTeuls gaaCnia specifikuri (da xSirad mravalnairi) saswavlo miznebi
da Cveulebriv, xels uwyobs silabusis win wawevas da iseT sferoebSi, romel-
bic TviT am silabusSia identif
s f glebSi mimdinare individualuri gakveTilis SemTxvevaSi);
_ erTeuls aqvs dasawyisi da dasasruli;
_ erTeuli Sinaganad Tanamimdevrulia da gansazRvruli kavSiri aqvs sxva
erTeulebTan (es SeiZleba iyos sworxazovani Tanamimde
le is jgufSi _ moduli)
_ erTeuli mimzidveli
degia (swavlis Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT); cvalebadia (studentis
aqtivobis tipis TvalsazrisiT); xels uwyobs ganviTarebasa da generacias
(exmareba Semswavlelebs winsvlaSi kurssa da TviTSeswavlaSi)
_ erTeuls (Cveulebriv) eTmoba saklaso oTaxSi mecadineobisaTvis
gankuTvnil gansazRvruli dro
sa
aSi, radgan swo
us
enes erTeulisaTvi
Tema: sayidlebi
qveTema 1: maRaziebi
konteqsti: mogzaurobisaTvis mzadeba
leqsikoni: maRaziis tipebi
samogzaurod SeZen
h
gramatika: arawesieri mravlobiTi
n
agent's); heve got-is gameoreba a, some, any-Tan erTad; awmyo martivi
drois gameoreba.
qveTema 2: nivTebis SeZena maRaziebSi
sakomunikacio davaleba: maRaziaSi tr
gulisxmobs (Semdeg funqciebs...)
208
Rirebulebis kiTxva (How much is...?) survilis gamoTqma (I'd like...?) ganmartebis Txovna (Sorry? How much?) vinmesTvis ramis micema (Here you are.) misalmeba da damSvidobeba (Good morning... Goodbye) gramatika: nacvalsaxelebi _ @one, ones,
kiTxvebi... which (one)? _ is gamoyenebiT
ebiT saxelebTan)
how much? (uTvlad arsebiT saxelebTan)
ubari: nivTebis SeZena maRaziebSi
acio davalebebis Sesrulebas,
xolo
c
Txzul
akomunikacio nawyvetebis tipebze dayrdnobiT
(Janro nabijebs / svlebs uwodebs; ix. swales 1990), r SemogvTavazebs saleqcio monologSi.
ements, romelic SesaZlebelia iyos mecnierebaze
orient
da dasruleba
Rwera
mixedviT saubari
S. interpretireba
rteba
how many?... (Tvlad ars
qveTema 3: saWiro nivTebis SeZena
sa
mosmena: ganxilva imisa, Tu ras waiRebdiT Tan mogzaurobaSi
kiTxva: maRaziebis reklamebis gageba
wera: ardadegebze wasaRebi nivTebis siis Sedgena.
es cxadyofs, Tu rogor SeiZleba miznebis elementebis Tanamimdevrulad
dajgufeba. am SemTxvevaSi (eqvsgverdiani) erTeuli irCevs Temas da hyofs mas sam
(orgverdian) qveTemad. erTeulis mixedviT progresireba ganapirobebs
sayidlebTan dakavSirebuli konkretuli sakomunik
am davalebaTa Sesasruleblad saWiro leqsika, gramatika da funqciebi
qmnis erTeulis enobriv miznebs. am ukanasknelTa dajgufeba ganisazRvreba
konkretuli Temis farglebSi Sesasrulebeli sakomunikacio davalebebis
enobrivi SinaarsiT. es dajgufebis erTi ofciaa.
arsebobs mravali sxva ofcia. modiT, meore magaliTis saxiT aviRoT
kursi, romelic amzadebs studentebs ucxo enaze bolo an aspiranturis kursis
gasavlelad. am SemTxvevaSi Tema SeiZleba ar iyos is koncefcia, romelic
gamodgeba saswavlo erTeulis markirebisaTvis. bevri akademiuri kursi,
romelSic SevxvdebiT Sereul speqtrs specifikuri sagnebiT dainteresebisa,
iyofa akademiuri makro unarebis mimarTulebebis mixedviT, rogoricaa
leqciebis mosmena da Txzulebebis wera. am SemTxvevaSi aqcenti keTdeba unaris
ganviTarebaze da Sinaarsobrivi aspeqtebi xSirad ubralod instrumentebia,
romelTa saSualebiTac xdeba unaris wvdoma da gamoyeneba. Semdeg davuSvaT, rom
gramatikuli sizuste leqciis gasagebad ise mniSvnelovani ar aris, rogor
ebis werisas. leqciis gagebaze agebul kursze saswavlo masalebi
SeiZleba daiyos erTeulebad, s
brivi analizis literatura maT
omlebsac mosaubre, savaraudod,
gTavazobT ramdenime el
irebuli kursis nawili:
_ leqciis dawyeba
_ Sesavali da daskvniTi Temebi
_ terminebis definicia
_ aRWurvilobisa da masalebis a
_ meTodis aRwera
_ raodenobrivi kalkulaciis
_ grafikebis, cxrilebis, a.
_ klasifikaciebis prezentacia
_ kvlevis aRwera
_ Sedareba da Sepirispireba
_ davalebebis ganma
209
_ monologis mTeli rigi funqciebi dakavSirebuli: aqcentirebasTan,
mcire gadameorebasTan, prestruqturizebasTan, mimoxilvasTan, SemowmebasTan,
gamovlenasTan, gamarTlebasTan, deduqciasTan, SejamebasTan, Sexsenebasa da
perifrazir basTan.
msgavsi kursis erTeulebi SesaZlebelia asec dasaTaurdes, da Cveni
mxridan aRniSnuli `nawyvetebis~ verbalizaciis gaanalizeba (an prognozireba)
mogvcems mdidar enobriv masalas (romelic exeba saubris organizacias,
intonacias, winadadebis gramatikas, teqstis organizacias, leqsikons, a.S)
romelic SegviZlia gamoviyenoT im enobrivi miznebis gansazRvrisaTvis, rac
saswavlo
e
erTeulis Semadgeneli nawili SeiZleba iyos. am SemTxvevaSi,
masalebis Tanamimdevruloba damokidebulia sakomunikacio `nawyvetebsa~ da maT
Tanmxl k sTan mimarTebaSi, Znelia imis
gansaz rad dasabuTeba,
rac
ic naklebad
myisie
eb enobriv maxasiaTeblebze. aseT ur
Rvra, Tu rogor unda moxdes Tanamimdevrulobis logiku
efuZneba gramatikis an leqsikis savaraudo sirTules. gamonaklisia
gancalkevebuli, sworxazovani mimarTuleba, romlis dasasrul
ria.
SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis
1. rogor dahyofT kursis miznebs erTeulebis miznebad?
2. ra markas gamoiyenebT TiToeuli erTeulisaTvis? damokidebuli iqneba
igi, magaliTad Temaze, makro unarze, sakomunikacio davalebaze?
3. eqneba erTeuls damatebiTi qvedanayofebi?
4. erTeulebi da maTi qvedanayofebi Tanamimdevrul midevnas saWiroebs Tu
SesaZlebelia maTi modularulad gamoyeneba?
5. enis ra maxasiaTblebis aqcentireba moxdeba erTeulis miznebis saxiT?
6. rogor gansazRvravT sxvadasxva miznebis mniSvnelobis `xarisxs~?F
7. ra principebs gamoiyenebT sxvadasxva miznebis dasajgufeblad erT
Tanmimdevul erTeulSi?
6. ra saxis midgomebi iqneba gamarTlebuli?
kompetenciebis me-6 Tavi gamohyofs enis Seswavlis da swavlebis procese-
bis mTel speqtrs. midgomebi cvalebadobs maswavlebvlis mrwamsis da imis
mixedviT, Tu ras aniWebs igi upiratesobas, agreTve Semswavlelis tipis, resur-
sis xelmisawvdomobisa da institucionaluri konteqstis mixedviT. sax-
elmZRvaneloTa gonieri avtorebi, sul mcire, aRiareben am faqtorebs sakuTar
masalebSi.
albaT, sadavo ar iqneba Tuki vityviT, rom praqtikosebisa da Semswav-
lelebis umravlesobis azriT, ucxo enis Seswavala SesaZlebelia dagegmili
procesis Sedegad, rogoricaa kursi; misi daufleba SeiZleba teqstTan uSualo
SemxeobiT da / an sakomunikacio situaciebSi uSualo monawileobiTac,
mniSvneloba, romelsac masalebis avtori aniWebs am mosazrebebs, did zegavle-
nas moaxdens TviT masalebze.
`... `tradiciuli azrovnebis~ mimdevari Semswavlelebis, maswavleblebisa
da maTi mxardamWeri samsaxurebis umravlesoba, ufro ekleqturi praqtikis
momxmare iqneba aRiarebs ra, rom Semswavlelebi yovelTvis imas ar swavloben,
rasac maswavleblebi aswavlian da rom isini moiTxoven rogorc enis konteqs-
tualurad da gasagebad miwodebas, ise SesaZleblobebs enis interaqtiulad ga-
moyene
aerTod ar mieqces yuradReba arc
wera-k
bisaTvis, amasTan, maT surT swavlis gaadvileba, gansakuTrebiT, saklaso
oTaxis xelovnur pirobebSi, gacnobierebulad swavlisa da sakmarisi praqtikis
kombinirebis gziT, rom Semcirdes da an s
iTxvis dabali donis fizikur unarebs da arc morfologiur da gramati-
kul sizustes, rac, Tavis mxriv, gonebaSi adgils gamoaTavisuflebs komuni-
kaciis maRali donis strategiebisaTvis~. (kompetenciebi 6.2.2.2)
210
saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi maTsave ma-
salebs unda umagrebdes safuZvels. kompetenciebis produqti 6.4 uzrunvelyofs
daxmarebas am mosazrebaTa formulirebaSi.
masalaSi mocemuli midgomebis wvdoma damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogor
aris gakveTili organizebuli. ras vgulisxmobT aq gakveTilSi? pirvelyovlisa,
igi aris drois is periodi, an swavlis is iuniti, romlis ganmavlobaSic
vcdilobT swavlis / swavlebis gansazRvruli miznebis miRwevas. amasTan, igi
aris
i avtori yvelanairi masalis Seqmnas SesZlebs miuxedavad imisa, es
naSromi maswavlebelz,e Semswavlelze, mTel klasze / jgufze / individze
iqneba
bma ivarjiSon konteqstze / gamoyene-
baze da Semdeg scadon gamoyenebis wesebisa da nimuSebis mixedviT ganzogadeba,
Tanato iT, erTi mxriv SeiZleba miviCnioT,
rom a
ba miiCnioT, rom sakmarisad
rCeba
uxebis pirobebSi.
xebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis:
struqtura, Semotanili romelime institucionaluri sistemis, agreTve,
maswavleblisa da saxelmZRvanelos avtoris mier, romelic qmnis masalebs
drois mocemuli periodisa Tu konkretuli saswavlo iunitisaTvis. kargi gak-
veTili gulisxmobs davalebebisa da aqtivobebis ise dalagebas, rogorc aris,
radgan maswavlebeli / instituti miiCnevs, rom es midgoma efeqturi iqneba
SemswavlelebTan mimarTebaSi. am mizanze gaTvliT, axdens avtori gakveTilis
masalebis Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvras.
karg
orientirebuli, Tu axsna-ganmartebiTi an miTiTebiTi xasiaTi eqneba. unari
masalebis aseTi mravalferovnebis Seqmnisa gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa avtori-
saTvis. magram unda ganixilos am midgomebis kursis calkeul nawilebTan Sesa-
bamisobis sakiTxic. SeiZleba isec aRmoCndes, rom esaTu is midgoma gamosadegi
iyos masalebisaTvis, mxolod sxvadasxva saSualebebis an miznebis arsebobis pi-
robebSi.
magaliTad:
SeiZleba moisurvoT saklaso oTaxSi gramatikaze aqcentireba, kooper-
aciuli mikvlevis gziT, ise, rom studente
lebisa da maswavleblis Tandaswreb
m kvlevas megzuroba axlavs Tan, magram meore mxriv, Tu amzadebT damate-
biT gramatikul masalas saxlSi damuSavebisaTvis, romlis mizanicaa damatebiTi
praqtikisa da axsna-ganmartebis miwodeba, SeiZle
adgili instruqciulad fleqsiuri masalisaTvis. romelic iTvaliswinebs
praqtikas daxuruli pas
SekiT
1. rogor fiqrobT, maswavleblebsa da Semswavlelebs, romlebic Tqveni
masalebiT sargebloben, ra mosazrebebi da molodinebi amoZravebT midgomebTan
mimarTebaSi? ramdenad aRiarebs maT es masalebi?
2. enis Seswavlasa da swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli ra mosazrebebi udevs
safuZvlad masalebs?
3. ramdenad uzrunvelyofs masalebi megzurobas zemoxsenebuli Tvalsaz-
risiT?
4. ramdenad iZleva masalebi dauflebis saSualebas?
5. ra aris gakveTili, Tqveni masalebis gadmosaxedidan? ayalibebs isini
gakveTilis gasageb struqturebs? Tu es asea, SegiZliaT aRweroT da daukavSi-
roT isini Tqveneul mosazrebebs, enis, swavlaze / swavlebaze.
6. arsebobs gansxvavebuli struqturebi / Tanmimdevroba swavlis sxva
saxeobebisaTvis, romelTac SeiZleba moicavdes kursi? SegiZliaT TiToeuli ni-
muSis logikurad dasabuTeba?
NB diskusia midgomebTan dakavSirebiT gagrZeldeba 7.3-Si
1. davalebaTa ra speqtrs unda Seicavdes masalebi?
211
Tu Semswavlelebs vkiTxavT, ras moicavs enis saswavlo saxelmZRvanelo,
pasuxi savaraudod aseTi iqneba _ teqstebs, savarjiSoebs da albaT, miTiTebebs;
da faqtiurad, isini metnaklebad marTlebi arian. miTiTebebs Tu ar CavTvliT,
kursis miwodeba xdeba teqstebis (sasaubro da werilobiTi) da davalebebis sa-
SualebiT; masalebis avtorisaTvis mTavaria, am teqstebsa da davalebebSi, Caaq-
sovos kursis miznebi da sakuTari mosazrebebi enis swavlasa da swavlebasTan
dakavSirebiT. ra principebiTac ar unda vixelmZRvaneloT SerCevisas, teqstebi
teqstebad rCeba. maT aranairi Rirebuleba ar gaaCnia, Tu Semswavlelebs ar miv-
cemT maTTan interaqciis saSualebas _ davalebebis prezentaciis saxiT. ase, rom
Cvens
lebas aRar utovebs. kargad Sedgenili davalebe-
biT, swavla da maTze muSaoba ki, erTi siamovnebaa. samwuxarod, davalebebis xa-
risxi da speqtri, saxelmZRvanelos saklaso oTaxSi gamoyenebamde, gaurkvevelia.
Tu sa owme-
biT, zemoxsenebuli mniSvnelovani aspeqti gaucnobierebuli rCeba.
uwevs
arg
motiva
sac).
ado teqstebTan erTad masalebis Seqmnis procesis
arsia, a gakeTebuli arCevani fun-
dament .
aucil
edi-
dan, r ilze iyeneben.
m SekiTxvebze gace-
muli
i)?
mier davalebebTan mimarTebaSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi arsebiTi mniSv-
nelobisaa. faqtiurad, davalebis Sedgena saxelmZRvanelos erT-erTi yvelaze
mniSvnelovani aspeqtia. cudad Sedgenili davalebebi saxelmZRvanelos gamousa-
degars xdis da arsebobis uf
xelmZRvaneloebis SerCeva mxolod gadaTvalierebiT xdeba da ara Sem
swored davalebebis Sedgena aZlevs avtors saSualebas, wignSi Seitanos
calkeuli aqcentizirebuli aspeqtebi _ albaT, enobrivi da komunikaciuri kom-
petenciis sferoebSi _ da amasTan, stimuli misces konkretuli strategiebisa
da procesebis ganviTarebas.
7. 1. davalebis tipebi da davalebaSi aqcentirebuli aspeqtebi
enis saswavlo saxelmZRvanelos gadmosaxedidan, davaleba aris masalebSi
CarTuli aqtivoba, romlis Sesruleba `... moicavs gansazRvruli kompetenciebis
strategiul aqtivizacias, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes, mTeli rigi gamiznuli qme-
debebis Sesruleba konkretul sferoSi da gansazRvruli Sedegis miReba~ ( kom-
petenciebi 7.1)
davalebebi SeiZleba iyos im davalebaTa msgavsi, romelTa Sesrulebac
Semswavlels realur cxovrebaSi (rogoricaa faqsiT sastumros nomris
dajavSna; instruqciis wakiTxva; leqciaze CaniSvnebis gakeTeba) an SeiZleba pe-
dagogiur xasiaTs atarebdes da uSualod Semswavlelis moTxovnebs ar ukav-
Sirdebodes; magaliTad, SemoqmedebiTi werilobiTi davalebebi SesaZloa k
cias iZleodes da exmarebodes Semswavlelebs enis SesaZleblobebis mik-
vlevaSi, Tumca naklebad savaraudoa rom isini ucxo enis realuri cenzi iyos.
gasaTvaliswinebelia im komunikaciis faseulobac, romelic myardeba Semswa-
vlelebs Soris davalebis Sesrulebisas _ SerCevis, marTvis an Sefasebis gziT.
urigo ar iqneba, erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvaoT davalebaSi aqcentirebuli
aspeqtebi (enis, Sinarsis, Semswavleli ganviTarebis, a. S. ra elementebi) da da-
valebis tipi (rogor unda miudgnen Semswavlelebi masalebs, adamianebs, romle-
bic maTTan erTad swavloben, maswavlebels da albaT, realur samyaro
davalebis tipebisa da im aspeqtebis SerCeva da kombinireba, romlebzec
unda gakeTdes aqcenti, saTan
radgan am dros miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi d
ur zegavlenas axdens masalebis sicocxlisunarianobasa da saWiroebaze
ebelia dafiqreba ara mxolod calkeul davalebebze, aramed imazec, Tu
rogor xdeba maTi SeTavseba da Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvra, rom Seiqmnas saswa-
vlo iuniti; an rogoria isini maswavleblebisa da Semswavlelebis gadmosax
omlebic am davalebebs uSualod klasSi, gakveT
davalebebis klasificireba mravalnairad SeiZleba, a
pasuxebis mixedviTac:
_ ra saxis procedurebs moicavs davalebebi?
_ isini martivia (erTsafexuriani) Tu kompleqsuri (mravalsafexurian
212
_ isini cxovrebiseulia (misadagebuli im sakomunikacio davalebasTan,
romelic realurad SeiZleba Segvxvdes) Tu pedagogiuri (sadac gamarTlebas
warmo
_ ra saxis kompetenciebs moicavs isini?
_ ra saxis strategiebs astimulirebs isini?
_ ra roli unda Seasrulos Semswavlelma davalebis ganxilvisas?
_ maTi daboloeba Riaa (mravali SesaZlo SedegiT) Tu daxuruli (erTi
swori SedegiT)?
_ isini, produqtze orientirebulia (varT dainteresebuli ZiriTadaT
imiT, rasac studentebi qmnian) procesze (varT dainteresebuli ZiriTadaT imiT,
rac davalebis Sesrulebisas xdeba) Tu oriveze erTad?
kompetenciebis me-7 Tavi Zalze gamosadeg perspeqtivebs gvTavazobs da-
valebis SedgenasTan mimarTebaSi da mkiTxvelebs vurCevT gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba miaqcion punqts 7.3, romelic davalebis sirTules exeba.
Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom davalebebis tipebze fiqrsa da garkveulwilad
maT klasificirebas, gaaadvilebs calkeuli sityvebis ganxilva, romlebic gvTa-
vazobs am tipebs. aseTi sitvebis CamonaTvali mocemulia diagramaSi 3. da
zogierTisaTvis gansakuTrebiT rezonansulia. maTi umravlesoba instruqciuli
xasiaTisaa da gvxvdeba saxelmZRvanelobis davalebaTa rubrikaSi. maTi kombini-
reba im aspeqtebTan, romlebzec aqcents akeTebs davaleba, qmnis erTgvar matri-
cas, romelic konkretuli davalebebis TiTqmis usazRvro raodenobis Sedgenis
saSualebas iZleva. Tumca, davalebebis yvela tipi, ver gamodgeba aspeqtebis
aqcentirebisaTvis, magaliTad, komentireba gansakuTrebis sasargebloa, rogorc
video davaleba. Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT moemzadon movlenaTa vizualuri Tan-
mimdevrobis gaxmovanebisaTvis. Sewyveta kargia im davalebebis SemTxvevaSi, rom-
lebic mosmenas an yurebas ukavSirdeba. am dros xdeba audio an video Canaweris
gaCereba da Semswavlelebs sTxoven prognozirebas Canaweris SesaZlo gagrZele-
basTan mimarTebaSi. ganvrcoba / gagrZeleba, gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa Semo-
qmedebiTi weris konteqstSi, romelic gulisxmobs studentebis mier miRebuli
minimaluri informaciis ganvrcobas da sakuTari istoriis moyolas, an TvaliT
nanaxis aRweras, maswavleblis mier Semotanili SezRudvebis farglebSi. magram,
ra Tqma unda, es konkretuli davalebebi mxolod calkeuli magaliTebia, rom-
lebic gvikarnaxa erTma sityvam. msgavsi erTsityviani miniSnebebi SesaZloa
sruliad gansxvavebuli davalebebis safuZveli gaxdes Cvens SemTxvevaSi.
davalebebis aseTi matricis gamoyenebas, mTeli rigi upiratesobebi aqvs.
qmniT ra sakuTar variants, aucileblad iTvaliswinebT aspeqtebs, romlebzec
unda gakeTdes aqcenti masalebSi, da opciebs _ davalebaTa tipebisaTvis, es gax-
senebT davalebaTa Sedgenis SesaZleblobebs, romlebic SesaZloa sxva
SemTxvevaSi azradac ar mogsvlodaT.
es CamonaTvali, aseve, axsenebs masalebis avtors davalebaTa mraval-
ferovnebas. mravalferovnebas sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs davalebaTa
Sedgenisas. is Rirebulia ara mxolod dainteresebis, an motivaciis Tvalsaz-
risiT, aramed im mxrivac, rom saSualebas gvaZlevs ganvixiloT swavlis ra
saxeobebs aniWeben studentebi upiratesobas da gvexmareba sxvadasxva saswavlo
unar-Cvevebis ukeT gaTviTcnobierebaSi.
diagrama 3. davalebebis generatori
davalebaSi aqcentirebuli aspeqtebi leqsikoni gramatika mosmena a. S. a. S.
davalebaTa tipebi
prongozireba
pasuxis gacema
kiTxvis dasma
adgens realuri sakomunikacio davalebis SesrulebisaTvis mzadeba)?
_ rogoria Tanmdevi pirobebi da SezRuvdebi?
_ sirTulis ra doneebi asocirdeba am davalebeTan?
213
Sewyveta
markireba
dawyvileba
gadatana
SerCeva
povna / identificireba
dajgufeba / klasificireba
dawyoba / ganawileba
Sedareba / Sepirispireba
daskvnis gakeTeba / gamocnoba / gulisxmoba
gaxseneba
dasruleba
Casma
Sesworeba
amoReba / waSla
ganvrcoba / gagrZeleba
gardaqmna / Secvla
gaumjobeseba
aRwera
ganxilva
axsna / gamarTleba / argumentireba
Cveneba / gaTamaSeba / keTeba
Txroba
komentireba
magaliTi:
daxedeT am teqsts _
kaci Camojda Zelskamze.
gaxeda zRvas.
gaaxsenda Tavisi vaJiSvili.
davalebis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs TqvenTvis (SemswavlelisTvis) su-
raTis Seqmnas imasTan mimarTebaSi, Tu ras moiazrebs teqsti. meore nawili
gulisxmobs teqstis ganvrcobas, rom es suraTi rac SeiZleba zedmiwevniT da-
gixatoT, magram aris SezRudvebi: SegiZliaT daumatoT nebismieri sasurveli
sityva an fraza, magram yvela sityva teqstis originalSi Tavdapirveli wyobiT
unda gamoiyenoT, jamSi SegiZliaT mxolod sami winadadebis Sedgena.
ras moiazrebs es davaleba, pirvelyovlisa aqcents akeTebs gramatikul
da leqsikur kompetenciebze, mocemulia miniSnebebi da SezRudvebi im sityvebTan
da sityvaTa tipebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebid SegiZliaT daumatoT. Semswav-
lelebi aucileblad moisurveben (damokidebulia doneze). zedsarTavi sax-
elebis, zmnizedebis, windebuliani frazebis da a. S. damatebas. maT mier Ser-
Ceuli leqsikuri erTeulebi SezRudvebs eqvemdebareba ganlagebis Tvalsaz-
risiT. davaleba wamoWris saintereso kulturul sakiTxebs, trivialuridan
dawyebuli (rogori Zelskamebia zRvis pirze) fundamenturiT damTavrebuli (ra
kulturuli datvriTva aqvs am mamakacis SvilTan ganSorebas). SesaZlebeli
iqneba teqstis sakuTari xedviT ganvrcoba, zogierTi Seqmnis bednier scenas,
suraTs mziani dRiT, sxvebi upiratesobas mianiWeben ufro muqi, damamwuxrebeli
suraTis Seqmnas, Semswavlelebs stimuli miecemaT, enobriv riskze wasvlisaTvis,
radgan am davalebas, swori pasuxi ar moeZebneba. yoveli teqsti individualu-
rad Seqmnil suraTs efuZvneba. Tu Semwavlelebi motivirebuli iqnebian saku-
Tari suraTis Sesaqmnelad, isini ecdebian, azris zustad gadmocemas. es
mcdeloba asaxavs `brZolas, azris realurad gadmocemisaTvis~ aseve realur
sakomunikacio situaciaSi. davaleba ganapirobebs Semswavlelebis monawileobas
214
enobrivi procesebisa da sakomunikacio strategiebis ganxilvasa da kvlevaSi,
maSin, roca, uSualo aqcenti keTdeba, mxolod lingvistur kompetenciebze.
7. 2. davalebaTa Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvra
konkretul davalebSi tipi ar ekuTvnis romelime konkretul midgomas.
davalebebi erT-erTi im instrumentTagania, romelTac viyenebT gakveTilebisa da
masalebis struqturuli agebisaTvis. davalebebis kombinirebisa da Tanmimdev-
robis gansazRvris variantebi zegavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor aswavlis mas-
wavlebeli, gakveTilis an iunitis Tanmimdevroba, ukavSirdeba, agreTve, swav-
lebis midgomebs, mosazrebebs saswavlo da saklaso meTodologiasTan da-
kavSirebiT.
gakveTilis struqturis tipebi.
mravali welia debatebi mimdinareobs enis gakveTilis etapebis Tanmimdev-
robis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT. es debatebi, xSirad sakmaod cxare ganapir-
eobebs, fundamenturi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebis wamoWras, formalur garemoSi
enis swavlasTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebis irgvliv. erT-erTi nawili ndobas
ucxadebs maswavlebelze koncentrirebul midgomas, romlis mixedviTac, maswav-
lebeli aqtiurad awvdis enis swavlis doneebis mixedviT dayofil masalas. as-
timulirebs mkacr praqtikas da Semdeg studentebisagan moiTxovs miwodebuli
masalis rogorRaca producirebas, meore mosazrebis Tanaxmad, sakmarisia
SemTveviTi Semxeoba enasTan imisaTvis, rom Semswavlelebi daeuflon mas
sasurveli da saWiro moculobiT. mosazrebebis, romlebic safuZvlad udevs
Taname bs, sxvadasxva poziciebs ikavebs kontinu-
umze a
unda aRiniSnos, rom TiTqmis ar moiZebneba maswavlebeli, romelic
ar da
ZiriTa Tvals im aspeqtebisa, romelsac
unda moicavdes enis gakveTilebi (CamonaTvals ar gaaCnia konkretuli Tanmim-
devroba)
_ garkveuli miTiTebaa gakveTilis miznebze
_ informaciis miwodeba enis Sesaxeb
_ kavSiri wina gakveTilebTan
_ miTiTeba Semdgom swavlaze, praqtikaze an kvlevaze da samomavlo gak-
veTilebze
amas emateba Semdegi SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswineba SemswavlelTaTvis...
_ im enis gamoyeneba, romlic ukve ician
_ realuri an TiTqmis realuri enis gamoyenebisaTvis Tvalyuris devneba
_ Sesaswavli enis elementebze varjiSi, garkveuli megzurobiTa da dax-
marebiT
_ gakveTilis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb Canaweris gakeTeba
es yvelaferi im konteqstSi, rac Semswavlelebs motivacias aZlevs
monawileobisaTvis
am ZiriTadi elementebis adgili konkretul gakveTilSi da is, Tu vin
monawileobs aseTi gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, safuZvlad udevs bolodroin-
del debatebs enis swavlebis / swavlis Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvrasTan mimarTe-
baSi. Tumca, axla am debatebis detalurad ganaxlebas ver SevudgebiT. tra-
diciulad swavlebis Tanmimderoba ganisazRvreboda e.w. P-P-P-iT, sadac (am ter-
minis zusti interpretaciis mixedviT) maswavleblis mier Sesaswavli enis
prezentacias (P) mohyveba kontrolirebadi praqtika (P) da Semdeg producireba studentis mxridan (P). sxva alternativebis ufro met mniSvnelobas aniWebs
mikvleviT swavlasa da Semswavlelze koncentrirebas. magaliTad, skriveri (1994)
gTavazobs gakveTilis etapebis nakrebis modificirebul, ufro fleqsiur vari-
ants. am etapebis gaerTianeba xdeba sxvadasxva TanimdevrobiT sxvadasxva mizne-
bisan gamomdinare, avTenikur gamoyenebaze (A), SezRudul gamoyenebaze (R) ganmar-
drove enebis saxelmZRvaneloe
m or ukiduresad gansxvavebul Sexedulebas Soris.
Tumca
eTanxmeba im faqts, rom enis kargi gakveTili ganisazRvreba ramdenime
di aspeqtiT. gTavazobT patara Camona
215
tebasa da aqcentirebaze dayrdnobiT (C), uilisi (1996) gvTavazobs enis davale-
baze dafuZnebul swavlas saklaso oTaxis farglebSi: savalebamde faza, sadac
Semswavlelebi ecnobian Temasa da davalebas; davalebis etapi, rac gulisxmobs
TviT davalebis Sesrulebas Semswavlelebis mier da dagegmvis etapi, sadac
Semswavlelebi erTiandebian jgufebad da ganixilaven, Tu ra gzebiT scades da-
valebis Sesruleba da rogor apireben davalebis enis Sesworebas, perefrazire-
basa da repetirebas. dabolos, aris angariSis etapi, rac gulisxmobs Semswav-
lelebis mier klasisaTvis agnariSis Cabarebas da maswavleblis mxridan gamox-
maurebas Sinaarssa da formasTan mimarTebaSi. zemoT mocemuli CamonaTvali
srulad Seesabameba im yvelafris deskrifcias, rasac SeiZleba adgili hqondes
gakveTilze.
qvemoT mocemuli diagrama 4 gvTavazobs erT-erT variants iunitSi da-
valebaTa Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvrisa, es iuniti Temas efuZneba da mis miznebSi
Sedis: axali enis prezentacia saintereso teqstTan SexebiT; SemswavlelTa dax-
mareba axali enis kombinirebisTvis im enasTan, romelsac ukve iyeneben da axali
enis gamoyeneba miznobriv, sakomunikacio konteqstSi. am Tanmimdevrobis ZiriTadi
maxasiaTeblebi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Semswavlelebi momzadebulni arian
yovli etapisaTvis; maT axal enas sTavazoben motivaciis mimcemi teqstebiT;
formaze yuradRebis gadatanamde, SeuZliaT teqstebis gadaxedva mniSvnelobis
gasagebad; Semswavlelebs astimulireben da megzurobas uweven gamoyenebis we-
sebSi gasarkevad da leqsikonis Sesadgenas teqstis farglebs miRma; sTavazoben
praqtikas ZiriTadad im enaze; da axali enis gamoyenebis mosinjvas TiTqmis
realur sakomunikacio konteqstebSi. deskripcia iwyeba maswavleblis Tval-
TaxedviT, Tumca, dasaSvebia misi Seqmna Semswavlelis gadmosaxedidanac.
diagrama 4. gakveTili nimuSis saxiT da misi Tanmimdevroba
a. momzadeba teqstis mosawodeblad
• codnis aqtivizirebiT
• molodinis aqtivizirebiT (JanrTan, teqstis tipTan,
leqsikasTan, gramatikasTan da a.S mimarTebaSi)
• momijnave masalis gadaxedviT / miTiTebiT
• pesonalizaciiT
b. teqstTan SexebisTvis strategiis ganviTarebis stimulireba
kiTxvisas / mosmenisas Sesasrulebeli davalebebis gansazRvriT.
damuSavebis sxvadasxva tipebis stimulireba
teqstTan, rogorc komunikaciis erTgvar monakveTTan SexebiT
• mniSvnelobis gagebaze aqcentirebiT
• teqstis daniSnulebis / Janris / monawileebi amocnobiT
• saerTo arsis gasagebad, kiTxviT / mosmeniT
• detalebis gasarkvevad, kiTxviT / mosmeniT
• Semadgeneli nawilebis sakomunikacio funqciis identificirebiT
sityvebis mniSvnelobis gagebiT / mixvedriT
• teqstis gadaxveviT, misi formaluri maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare
_ aqcentireba imaze, Tu ratom da rogor aqvs formas aseTi max-
asiaTeblebi
• formaluri maxasiaTeblebis identificirebiT (rogoricaa
gramatika)
• formaluri maxasiaTeblebis sakomunikacio funqciasTan dakavSire-
biT.
g. teqstebze muSaobis damTavreba
216
• Sinaarsis ganxilviT (misi sakuTar gamocdilebasTan dakavSirebiT)
• formaluri maxasiaTeblebis gamoyenebis ganzogadebiT
• teqstis leqsikoniT dakavSirebiT, formiT, mniSvnelobisa da gamo-
yenebis mixedviT msgavs leqsikonTan.
d. axali enis pirovnul da produqtiul kontqstSi Setana da ga-
moyeneba sakomunikacio davalebebis, miznis, gansazRvruli auditoriis a. S.
mixedviT.
SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis:
1. teqstis ra tipis gamoyenebas apirebT masalebSi?
2. raze gaakeTebs davaleba aqcents yoveli iuntisa da gakveTilis far-
glebSi?
3. davalebebi moicavs mxolod realur (gamocdebis CaTvliT) davalebebs,
romelTa Sesrulebac SeiZleba dasWirdeT Semswavlelebs?
4. davaleba sakmarisad mravalferovania, magaliTad, tipis, Sedegis, Tana-
mosaubreTa raodenobis, teqstebis raodenobis mixedviT?
5. iTxovs Tu ara davalebebi Semswavlelebisagan sxvadasxva rolebis Ses-
rulebas _ interaqciaSi iniciatori, mopasuxe, mimRebi, mimwodebeli, mediatori?
6. arsebobs Tu ara gamosadeg strategiebTan mimarTebaSi SemswavlelTa
gaTviTcnobierebulobis gaviTarebaze aqcentirebis saWiroeba, rom maT SesZlon
calkeuli davalebebis moTxovnebisaTvis Tavis garTmeva?
7. arsebobs Tu ara saTanado davalebebi, kognituri da lingvisturi sir-
Tulis; interesisa da SemswalelTan Sesabamisobis; daxmarebisa da uzrunvelyo-
fili drois; davalebaTa gansazRvrisa da rubrikis sicxadis TvalsazrisiT?
8. rogor moxdeba masalebSi Sesatani teqstebis SerCeva?
saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesatani saTanado teqstebis moZieba an Seqmna avtori-
saTvis didi gamowvevaa da mniSvnelovania am unaris ganviTareba. LSP-is sax-
elmZRvaneloebis avtorebi garkveul daxmarbas Rebuloben saTanado teqstebis
SerCevisas, Sinaarsidan gamomdinare. SezRudvebis an SesaZleblobebis mixedviT,
maSin, roca, sxva saxelmZRvanelobis SemTxvevaSi, avtorebs, ZiriTadad, sakuTari
mosazrebiTa da intuiciiT uwevT xelmZRvaneloba. kargi teqstis SerCevis
mniSvnelobis sakmarisad aqcentireba SeuZlebelia. axali saxelmZRvanelobis
gadaTvalierebisas swored teqstebi da maTi Tanmxlebi vizualuri masala ga-
napirobebs maswavleblebis arCevans _ teqstebi an izidavs maT, an ara. igive
iTqmis Semwavlelebzec.
miuxedavad imisa, rom avtori SeiZleba ver akontrolebdes wignis Seqmni-
sas zemoT xsenebul elements, teqstebis vizualuri prezentaciis formas
sasicocxlo mniSvneloba eniWeba. enis saxelmZRvanelo swavlis samyaroa, ro-
melSic avtorma unda Seiyvanos Semswavlelebi. amisaTvis unda SesZlos
Semswavlelebis darwmuneba, rom SemoTavazeba saintereso, Sesaferisi da mastim-
ulirebelia. ilustracia, Tu es SesaZlebelia, yovelTvis unda axldes teqsts,
rac ufro metad tovebs teqsti avTenikurobis STabeWdilebas, miT ukeTesi.
ra Tqma unda, arsebobs SezRudvebic teqstis SerCevisas, roca xdeba iseTi
kursis dagegmva, sadac saswavlo saSualebad wigni gamoiyeneba. Cveulebirv, ga-
momcemlebi moiTxoven, rom saxelmZRvanelos Sedgenisas gaTvaliswinebuli iyos
Tanafardoba adgilisa (gverdebis TvalsazrisiT) da mecadineobisTvis gamoyo-
fil dros Soris. naklebad savaraudoa, rom kursis saxelmZRvaneloSi adgili
moiZebnebodes Zalze ganvrcobili sakiTxavi masalis an iseTi teqstebisTvis,
romlebic saswavlo miznebis erTobliobas ukavSirdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, sam-
217
wuxarod, arsebobs SezRudva, romelic erT gakveTilze mxolod erTi an ori
moculobrivad SezRuduli teqstis ganxilvas iZleva.
8. 1. teqstebi realuri unda iyos Tu damuSvebuli?
debatebi imasTan dakavSirebiT teqstebi realurad komunikaciidan aRe-
buli nawyvetebi unda iyos Tu sagangebod enis Sesaswvlad unda iwerebodes,
yovelTvis cxare iqneba. Tumca, es debatebi ufro Teoriul sakiTxebs exeba,
vidre praqtikuls, romelTanac uwevT Sexeba masalebis avtorebs.
sityvis, Janris analizis da sxva kvlevebi, uzrunvelyofs garkveul in-
formacias, komunikaciaSi gamoyenebadi enis bunebrivi maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb _
gansakuTrebiT, inglisurSi. LSP-is zogierT konteqstSi es informacia sakmaod
detaluria da swvdeba teqstis organizacias, leqsikur maxasiaTeblebs, mikro
da makro funqcionalur maxasiaTeblebs, Tumca, gacilebiT bundovania imfor-
macia enis zogad gamoyenebaze, sadac situaciis, adgilis monawileebisa da
miznebis saxiT arsebuli cvladebi gacilebiT ufro met SesaZleblobas iZneva.
romc vflobdeT met informacias, enis bunebrivi maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb
yvela SesaZlo zogad konteqstSi, teqstebis SerCeva mainc gagviWirdeboda. ne-
bismieri realuri teqsti, magaliTad nawyveti sasaubro interaqciidan, Zalze
cota magaliTs Tu moicavs im bunebrivi maxasiaTeblebisa, romlebTanac gvinda,
rom Cvens Semswavlelebs hqondeT Sexeba, amitom unda gadavwyvitoT, gamovi-
yenebT aseT realur teqsts, Tu SevadgenT damuSavebul teqsts, romelic ufro
metad moicavs gasTvaliswinebel bunebriv maxasiaTeblebs.
mTavari is aris, rom masalebis avtorebma gaacnobieron ra aris bunebrivi
maxasiaTeblebi, sakmarisi ar aris mxold realuri nimuSebis amoReba teqste-
bidan da imgvarad adaptireba, rom ufro metad gamoyenebadi iyos da miesadage-
bodes im parametrebs, romlebic Cveni TvalTaxedviT teqstebTan mimarTebaSi
unda gvxvdebodes. bunebrivia, kargi teqstis adaptireba an damuSaveba, msgavsi
realuri teqstis gauTvaliswineblad SeuZlebelia, Tu masalebis avtorebi ar
ganixilaven realur teqstebs, maT mier Sedgenili variantebi ara mxolod mo-
sawyeni iqneba, aramed friad moklebulia bunebriv maxasiaTeblebs. es gan-
skuTrebiT, gasaTvaliswinebelia sasaubro teqstebis SemTxvevaSi, romelTa da-
muSavebas xSirad mohyveba yvela interaqtiuli maxasiaTeblis gamotoveba. ma-
galiTad amgvarad damuSavebuli ormxrivi saubari, SeiZleba Zalze mravalfero-
vani da zemiwevniT kiTxva-pasuxebis seriebad iqces. Tqvens mier damuSavebuli
saubris Sesamowmeblad, SegiZliaT mimarToT or megobars (megobrebi, romlebic
profesionali msaxiobebi arian, ukeTesi variantia) da sTxovT rom gaiTamaSon
igi. isini myidve SeamCneven, ramdenad Seesabameba saubris sityvebi im saTqmels,
romelic mocemul situaciaSi iqneboda saWiro. meore aprobirebuli meTodi
gulisxmobs, msaxiobebis gamoyenebas, romlebic TamaSoben ara damuSavebuli
teqstebiT, aramed CanawerebiT. magram es SeiZleba saxifaToc ki iyos. radgan
msaxiobebs sCveviaT dramatizeba iseT garemoebebSi, sadac Cven SeiZleba ufro
met rutinas da azrTa bunebriv urTierTgacvlas veZebdeT!
8. 2. teqstis ra cvladebi unda gaviTvaliswinoT?
saxelmZRvaneloebSi Setanili teqstebi Sesabamisi unda iyos sakomuni-
kacio Rirebulebisa da enis maxasiaTeblebis TvalsazrisiT; amasTan, maqsimalu-
rad sainteresoc, SemswavlelTa stimulirebisa da mizidvisaTvis. speqtri, ro-
melsac kursi moicavs mravalferovani unda iyos da avtorebis mier mxedvelo-
baSia misaRebi Semdegi aspeqtebi: teqstebis miaxloeba realur teqstebTan; Janri
/ teqstis tipi; saSualeba; moculoba; struqturuli kompeqsuroba da leqsikuri
datvirTva; maTi gamoyeneba enis saswavlo davalebebis instrumentebad; miuxeda-
218
vad imisa, Semswavlelebis Semxeoba testebTan recefciuli, produqtiuli, in-
teraqtiuli, Tu mediatoruli xasiaTis iqneba (kompetenciebi -4.6) teqstebi SesaZlebelia ganvixiloT gasarTobis procesis Semadgenel
nawiladac. am SemTxvevaSi teqstis miwodeba da / an gacema aucilebeli ar aris
Seesabamebodes realur teqsts, magram Semswavlelebs Soris interaqcias misi
damuSavebis an producirebisaTvis, realuri pedagogiuri Rirebuleba aqvs da
realurad motivireba SeuZlia. Semswavlelebi SemoqmedebiTad udgebian teqstis
eniT TamaSs, rom Seiswavlon parametrebi, Tu ra aris SesaZlebeli, unda
gvaxsovdes, rom Tu Semswavlelebs movuwodebT SemoqmedebiT weraze, savar-
jiSod saklaso oTaxis farglebSi, es imas ar niSnavs, rom maT igives keTeba
mouwevT ucxo enaze realur situaciebSi. am SemTxvevaSi, aqcenti keTdeba Semo-
qmedebiTi procesis pedagogiur Rirebulebaze da ara weris Sedegze.
SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis:
1. mocemuli teqsti ramdenad Sesaferisi da saintereso SeiZleba iyos
SemswavlelebisaTvis?
2. aris Tu ara es teqstis is tipi, romelTan Sexebac SeiZleba mouwioT
Semswavlelebs?
3. warmodgenilia igi vizualruad mimzidveli formiT?
4. hgavs igi realur teqsts?
5. ramdenad Sesabamisia teqsti moculobis, struqturuli kompleqsureobis
da leqsikuri datvirTvis TvalsazrisiT?
6. Sesabamisia gamoyenebuli saSualeba?
7. eqvemdebareba teqsti enis saswavlo miznebiT gamoyenebas?
8. am teqstze dafuZnebuli davalebebi ramdenad gamoadgebaT Semswav-
lelebs msgavs teqstebTan Sexebisas realobaSi-interaqtiulad, produqtiulad,
aqtiurad, mediaciaSi?
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danarTi (A): rCevebi masalebis Sedgenis procesTan dakavSirebiT
_ arasodes daijeroT, rom adeqvaturad SesaZlebT sakuTari naSromis
redaqtirebas
_ yovelTvis gamoiyeneT sityvaTa procesoris failebi!
_ yuri daugdeT redaqtorebs, maT SeiZleba ar icodnen imdeni enis swav-
lis Sesaxeb ramdenic Tqven, magram Cveulebriv, bevrad ukeTead esmiT re-
daqtireba da wignebis Seqmna.
_ wignis yoveli carieli furceli ZviradRirebulia, gaufrTxildiT mas,
Tqvens mier dasmuli yoveli niSani garkveul mizans unda emsaxurebodes!
_ gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tqvens mier Sedgenili iuniti standartuli mocu-
lobis unda iyos.
_ gaiTvaliswineT, rom iunitis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba mogiwioT ormagi
gverdis principiT muSaoba, romlis mixedviTac, ori gverdi miesadageba erT an
or gakveTils.
_ gaiTvaliswineT, gverdis svetebad dakabadoneba. es xSriad ufro
fleqsiuria da TvalisaTvis advilad aRsaqmeli, mozrdili wignebis SemTxvevaSi,
aseve, ufro fleqsiuria naxatTan mimarTebaSic.
_ redaqtorTan erTad gadawyviteT, erT gverdze striqonebis raodenobis
sakiTxi. weris procesSi gaiTvaliwineT gverdis dakabadonebac. datoveT adgili
naxatisa da teqstis sxva damxamare masalebisaTvis.
_ Tqveni pirveli monaxazi `Sav furcelze~ sakmarisi ar iqneba, sax-
elmZRvaneloebi xSirad ramdenimes saWiroebs.
_ Tu SesaZlebelia, kolegas sTxoveT Tqveni masalebis gadaxedva,
gaxsovdeT, rom qmniT sxva maswavleblebisaTvis da ara sakuTari TavisaTvis.
_ davalebebis paralelurad, SeadgineT pasuxebic
_ Tu wignis zogadi SinaarsiT kmayofili xarT, xelmeored gadaikiTxeT
igi, calkeuli miznebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogoricaa rubrikebis standartizacia
(da moculobis Semcireba); numeraciisa da dasaTaurebis sistemebis stanarti-
zacia; Cveulebrivi maxasiaTebleblis arsebobis Semowmeba;
_ Tu adgenT kursis saxelmZRvanelos saklaso daniSnulebiT, gaxsovdeT,
rom kidev viRac muSaobs Tanmxleb wignze maswavleblebisaTvis;
_ masalebis Sedgena kolegebis mier gamoyenebisaTvis, SeiZleba SemaSine-
belic ki iyos. TavdacviT pozicias nu airCevT, ecadeT, kritika da sapasuxo
reagireba masalebis Sedgenis procesis arsebiT da faseul mxared ganixiloT.
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danarTi B: masalebis Seqmnis etapebis magaliTi
_ rac SeiZleba mkafiod gansazRvreT im garemoebebis maxasiaTeblebi,
romlebSic masalebi iqneba gamoyenebuli;
_ gansazRvreT sagamomcemlo parametrebi, romelTa mixedviTac unda
imuSaoT _ saSualebebi, komponentebi, wignis moculoba (kursisaTvis
gankuTvnili dro da gverdebis raodenoba), gverdis zoma, naxatis gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobebi...
_ daadgineT vadebi, gansazRvreT urTierTobebi redaqtorebTan da
gamomcemlebTa a. S.
_ gansazRvreT kursis miznebi da gaakeTeT CamonaTvali;
_ gansazRvreT wignis qvedanayofebi (rogoricaa iunitebi)
_ daajgufeT miznebi iunitis miznebis saxiT
_ gansazRvreT saklaso mecadineobisaTvis gamoyofili, droisa da
gverdebis urTierTmimarTeba
_ Tavi mouyareT werilobiT da sasaubro teqstebs, romlebic iunitSi
Sesatani masalebis birTvad SeiZleba iqces.
_ miiReT zogadi gadawyvetileba gakveTilis struqturasTan dakavSirebiT
da dayaviT iunitis miznebi gakveTilebad (magaliTad, saklaso oTaxSi swavlis
erTi monakveTi) hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs: ra logikuri dasabuTeba moeZebneba
gakveTilebis aseT Tanmimdevrobas iunitSi, ra logikuri dasabuTeba moeZebneba
davalebaTa Tanmimdevrobas, sxvadasxva saxis gakveTilebSi.
_ SeqmeniT masalebis nimuSi, es gansakuTrebiT exeba pirvel da Semdgom
iunitebs.
_ Tu SesaZlebelia SeamowmeT es nimuSi, Tu ara ecadeT komentaris
miRebas im maswavleblebisagan, romlebic kursiT isargebleban.
_ SeqmeniT masalebis pirveli monaxazi `Savi furcelis~ saxiT. Tu qmniT
saxelmZRvanelos sworxazovani gamoyenebisaTvis, umjobesia masalebic ase
daawyoT.
_ CaasworeT masalebi im grZnobebis mixedviT, romlebic dageuflaT ga-
moxmaurebis miRebisas, iswavleT gamoxmaurebaze pozitiurad reagireba, maSinac
ki roca kritika uxeSad geCvenebaT _ es xels Seuwyobs masalebis gaumjobesebas.
_ gadaxedeT mTel teqsts da SeamowmeT: davalebaTa tipebis mravalferov-
neba, aqcentirebuli aspeqtebi moculoba da Sefaseba, personalizaciis SesaZle-
blobaTa xarisxi, teqstebis speqtri, rubrikis sicxade, iunitebis Tanimdevru-
loba, saklaso daniSnulebisa da saxlSi praqtikas dafuZnebuli masalebis
urTierTmimarTeba, vizualuri xibli.
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_ SeqmeniT masalebis meore monaxazi... Semdeg, momdevno. roca xvdebiT, rom
maTi danaxvac ki aRar gindaT _ xelmeored SeamowmeT da CaaworeT, ganvleT
zedmeti manZili _ es Rirs imad, rom masalebi gamoqveynebuli saxiT ixiloT!
danarTi C: sakontrolo furceli saxelmZRvaneloebis SesarCevad
1. Sinaarsi
_ saxelmZRvanelos avtorebis logikuri dasabuTeba gamoyenebul ma-
salebTan mimarTebaSi ramdenad gasagebia?
_ kursis ZiriTadi miznebi da iunitebi gasagebia?
_ amarTlebs masalebi am miznebs? rogor fiqrobT Semswavlelebi
SesZleben am miznebis miRwevas mocemuli masalebis gamoyenebiT?
_ masalebis miznebi ramdenad miesadageba Tqvens Semswavlelebs?
_ masalebis done Sesabamisia?
_ swavlis gaTvaliswinebuli tempi Sesabamisia?
_ mocemuli Temebi Rirebuli da saintereso iqneba SemswvlelebisaTvis?
2. saSualebebi
_ kursi warmodgenilia Tqveni konteqstisaTvis gamosadegi da praqtikuli
saSualebebiT?
_ xdeba sxvadasxva saSualebebis gamoyeneba unikaluri SesaZleblobe-
bisaTvis?
_ kursis yvela komponenti arsebuli mniSvnelobisaa, Tu zogierTi arCe-
viTia?
3. meTodologia
_ eqvemdebareba iunitebi organziebis raime nimuSs? xdeba gakveTilebis
organizeba mkafiod gansazRvuli saswavlo principebis mixedviT?
_ masalebSi warmodgenili mosazrebebi enasa da swavlasTan dakavSirebiT,
komfortulobis gancdas giqmniT?
_ moicavs masalebi gansxvavebul midgomebs sxvadasxva miznebisaTvis (kom-
penentebi / saSualebebi)?
_ iZleva masalebi swavlisa da dauflebis saSualebas?
_ axali ena adeqvaturad damuSavebulia?
4. Semswavlelis mxardaWera
_ gaTvaliswinebulia masalebSi is resursebi, rac Semswavlelebs
damoukideblad swavlis saSualebas miscems, skolis farglebs gareT?
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_ mocemulia sasargeblo miTiTebebi?
_ gaTvaliswinebulia masalebi, Semswavlelis ganviTarebisaTvis?
5. maswavleblis mxardaWera
_ uzrunvelyofs masalebi saTanado mxardaWeras, megzurobasa da
ganviTarebas, im maswavleblebisaTvis, romlebmac SeiZleba aRniSnuli masalebiT
imuSaon?
_ aris masalebi sakmarisad fleqsiuri imisaTvis, rom gamocdilma
maswavleblebma SesZlon maTi mravalnairad gamoyeneba? eqvemdebareba isini
Sevseba-damatebas?
_ Seicavs masalebi informacias kulturasa da enaze, rac maswvleblebs
daexmareba?
6. Temebi
_ ramdenad saintereso, mimzidveli da mastimulirebeli SeiZleba iyos
isini SemswavlelebisaTvi?
_ gaTvaliswinebulia maTSi SesaZleblobebi, romlebic SeiZleba
miesadagos SemswavlelTa pirovnul gamocdilebas, gemovnebas?
7. teqstebi
_ ramdenad saintereso SeiZleba iyos isini SemswavlelebisaTvis?
_ ramdenad adeqvaturia isini enis, teqstis tipis, davalebis, a. S. Tval-
sazrisiT?
_ realur teqstebs hgavs?
_ vizualurad mimzidvelia?
8. davalebebi
_ mocemulia davalebaTa tipebis farTo speqtri?
_ iqneba es davalebebi Tqveni SemswavlelebisaTvis Sesaferisi,
saintereso, mastimulirebeli?
_ davalebis tipebi iZleva komunikaciaSi Semswavlelis rolis adeqtva-
turi cvlilebis saSualebas?
_ davalebis tipebi xels uwyobs Semswavlelis kompetenciebisa da
strategiebis agrTve, enobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas?
9. progresis Semowmeba
_ uzrunvelyofs masalebi instrumentebs progresis Sesamowmeblad?
_ xelmisawvdomia damatebiTi teqstebi?
_ arsebobs masalebTan dakavSirebuli raime saxis gare gamocdebi?
223
bibliografia
A Common European Framework of reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment Council of Europe (2001) Cambridge University Press.
Council for Cultural Co-operation (Eds) 1992. Transparency and coherence in language learning in Europe. Report on the Rushlikon Symposium.
Council of Europe HOPKINS, A AND POTTER, J. 1994. Look Ahead 1, Classroom Course, Longman. SCRIVENER, J. 1994. Learning Teaching. Heinemann. SWALES, J. 1990. Genre Analysis. Cambridge University Press. UR, P.1996. A Course in Language Teaching. Cambridge University press. VAN EK, JA, AND TRIM , JLM. 1991. Waystage 1990. Council of Europe. VAN EK, JA, AND TRIM, JLM 1991. Threshold Level 1990. Council of Europe. WILLIS, J 1996. A Framework for Task-based Learing. Longman.
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