enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi: Seswavla, swavleba

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o

enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciSeswavla, swavleba, Sefaseb

npnynbsfcfmUb!h{bnlwmf

sofi beili, Son deviti, mari-xose gremo. frenk hei

endi hopkinsi, bari jounsi, maik maqoSi, filip ril

jei stoqsi da jon Trimi (redaqtori)

!

Language Policy Division, Strasbourg

enobrivi politikis ganyofileba, stras

evropis sabW

ebi: a

wj!

vorti,

i,

burgi

Language Policy Division

DG IV – Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education

Council of Europe, Strasbourg enobrivi politikis ganyofileba IV gany. - evropis sabWos skolis, skolis Semdgomi da umaRlesi ganaTlebis direqtorati, strasburgi

www.coe.int / lang

© Council of Europe, 2003

© `saimedo~, 2008

Targmani ani mebukisa

redaqtori: marika oZeli

naSromi iTargmna evropis sabWos enobrivi politikis

ganyofilebisa da `samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSoris urTierTobebis

centris~ erToblivi proeqtis (`konceptualuri masalis Targmna

multilingvuri swavlebis xelSesawyobad~) farglebSi.

gamomcemloba `saimedo~

2

Tbilisi, 2008

Sinaarsi

Ufnb!J!. yvela momxmareblisaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

Tavi 1 _ gzamkvlevi yvela momxmareblisaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6

nawili 1 _ kompetenciebi politikur da

saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

6

nawili 2 _ SerCeuli midgoma - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17

nawili 3 _ zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi _ - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - 20

nawili 4 _ enis gamoyeneba da enis momxmarebeli / Semswavleli - - - - - -

-

23

nawili 5 _ momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetenciebi - - - - - - - - - - -

- -

30

nawili 6 _ enis swavlisa da swavlebis procesebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39

nawili 7 _ davalebebi da maTi roli enis swavlebaSi - - - - - - - - - - - - 45

nawili 8 _ enobrivi mravalferovneba da kurikulumi - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45

nawili 9 _ Sefaseba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47

Ufnb!JJ; swavla / swavlebis procesis uSualo monawileTaTvis - - - - - - -

-

51

Tavi 2 _ gzamkvlevi zrdasruli SemswavlelebisaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - 52

nawili 1 _ moTxovnaTa analizi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52

nawili 2 _ gagebisa da gamoxatvis unarebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 54

nawili 3 _ Sromis organizacia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56

nawili 4 _ meTodologia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 62

nawili 5 _ Sefaseba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69

nawili 6 _ swavlis nairsaxeobani - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 71

Tavi 3 _ gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisa da SemswavlelTaTvis - - - - - - - - - 74

nawili 1 _ komunikaciis aspeqtebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 75

nawili 2 _ unarebi da kompetenciebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 80

nawili 3 _ enis gamoyenebis codna - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 84

nawili 4 _ davalebebi da teqstebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 87

nawili 5 _ enis Seswavla da swavleba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 91

3

Tavi 4 _ gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisa da maswavlebelTa

trenerebisaTvis (dawyebiTi da saSualo ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

100

nawili 1 _ kompetenciebi politikur da saganmanaTleblo

konteqstSi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

101

nawili 2 _ SerCeuli midgoma - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 102

nawili 3 _ zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 107

nawili 4 _ enis gamoyeneba da enis momxmarebeli / Semswavleli - - - - - -

-

107

nawili 5 _ momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetenciebi - - - - - - - - - - -

- -

115

nawili 6 _ enis Seswavla da enis swavleba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 117

nawili 7 _ davalebebi da maTi roli enis swavlebaSi - - - - - - - - - - - - 125

nawili 8 _ enobrivi mravalferovneba da kurikulumi - - - - - - - - - - - - - 127

nawili 9 _ Sefaseba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 128

Ufnb!JJJ; enobrivi ganaTlebis dagegmvaSi, organizebaSi, miwodebasa da

xarisxis SefasebaSi monawileTaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

137

Tavi 5 _ kurikulumis Sedgena da mimoxilva saskolo

seqtorisaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

140

Tavi 6 _ kurikulumis organizeba da miwodeba - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 154

Tavi 7 _ xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontroli

enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaSi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

166

Ufnb!JW - saswavlo masalebis SemuSavebasa da

SerCevaSi monawileTaTvis - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

187

Tavi 8 _ momxmarebelTa gzamkvlevi saxelmZRvanelosa

da masalebis avtorebze - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

188

4

Ufnb!J!

yvela momxmareblisaTvis

Sesavali

aRniSnuli gzamkvlevis mizania daxmareba gauwios enis swavlebis proc-

esSi monawile yvela adamians, enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis

zogadevropuli kompetenciebiT (kompetenciebi) srulad sargeblobisaTvis. igi

cvlis momxmarebelTa zogad gzamkvlevs (CC-LANG) da aTi specializebuli

gzamkvlevis serias (CC-LANG (96) 9-18). pirveli Tavi gaTvlilia yvela saxis

momxmarebelze. momdevno Tavebi eZRvneba calkeuli kategoriis momxmarebelTa

specifikur interesebs. Tavi 2 gaTvlilia saklaso oTaxSi enis swavlebis proc-

esSi uSualod monawile pirebze: maswavleblebze, maswavlebelTa trenerebze da

garkveuli kuTxiT, TviT enis Semswavlelebzec. Tavi 3 eZRvneba pirebs, romle-

bic moRvaweoben saklaso oTaxis farglebs gareT, magram romelTa gadawy-

vetilebebic mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens saklaso oTaxSi mimdinare

procesze: aRmasrulebeli pirebi ganaTlebis sferoSi, administratorebi, or-

ganizatorebi da kurikulumis SemuSavebasa da xarisxis kontrolTan dakavSire-

buli pirebi. Tavi 4 megzurobas sTavazobs yvelas, vinc monawileobs enis sax-

elmZRvaneloebis da sxvadasxva saswavlo masalebis SemuSavebaSi. Tavi 5

gaTvlilia enis SemswavlelTa ufrosi asakis kategoriaze, romelsac uSualod

SeuZlia kompetenciebiT sargebloba. savaraudod, am gzamkvleviT isargebleben

skolis moswavleebic maswavlebelTa uSualo SuamdgomlobiT da amitom maT

exebaT Tavi 2.

momxmarebelTa umravlesoba SeiZleba erTdroulad ramdenime kategorias

mivakuTvnoT. skolis inspeqtorebi, ra Tqma unda, dakavSirebulni arian xarisxis

kontrolTan. maT SeiZleba gaaCndeT sxva administraciuli funqciebi, magram

uSualo Sexeba aqvT saklaso meTodologiasTan. xSiria praqtikosi maswavle-

blebis mowvevac, saxelmZRvaneloebis damatebiTi masalebiT Sevsebisa da

calkeuli administraciuli funqciebis Sesasruleblad, rac moicavs kuriku-

lumebis kontrolsa da xarisxis uzrunvelyofas. Tavebi 2-5 ormagi funqciis

matarebelia. pirveli saxavs gzebs momxmarebelTa mier profesiul saqmianobaSi

kompetenciebiT sargeblobisaTvis. meore arsebuli standartis danamatia, konk-

retul specialobasTan specifikuri misadagebis TvalsazrisiT.

5

Ubwj!J!

jon trimi

h{bnlwmfwj!zwfmb!npnynbsfcmjtbUwjt!!

axla SegviZlia kompetenciebi ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT _ Tavebisa

da ganyofilebebis Tanamimdevrobis mixedviT. aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemuli Tavi

eyrdnoba kompetenciebis Tanamimdevrobasa da numeracias. Sesabamisad, 6.1.3.4. Sem-

degnairad iSifreba: Tavi 6, punqti 1, qvepunqti 3. saTauri 4.

ucxo enis flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi:

Seswavla, swavleba, Sefaseba

Sesavali

kompetenciebis Sesavali gverdebi moicavs, upirveles yovlisa, sarCevs

gverdebis numeraciiT. Sesaval SeniSvnaSi moxseniebulia yvela piri da dawese-

buleba, romlebmac sakuTari wvlili Seitanes kompetenciebis SemuSavebaSi

drois 10-wlian monakveTSi. momdevno sami gverdi SeniSvnebiT momxmareblisaTvis,

wakiTxul unda iqnes mocemuli gzamkvlevis gacnobamde. dabolos, Tavebis Si-

naarsisa da danarTebis mimoxilva miTiTebas gvaZlevs, Tu sad moviZioT esa Tu

is informacia. aRniSnuliT sargebloba momxmareblebs SeuZliaT wignis dakaba-

donebis principebTan gacnobis procesSic.

nawili 1: kompetenciebi politikur da saganmanaTleblo

konteqstSi

pirveli Tavic Sesavlis xasiaTs atarebs, rac momxmarebels naTel war-

modgenas uqmnis zogadad kompetenciebsa da mis miznebze, aseve, mis adgilze ev-

ropis sabWos mier Tanamedrove enebis mimarT SemuSavebuli politikis kon-

teqstSi.

1. 1. ra aris kompetenciebi?

momxmareblebs vTxovT gaecnon am zedmiwevniT Sejamebas, rac naTels

mohfens kompetenciebis Sinaarssa da miznebs.

6

evropis sabWo

momxmareblebma, romelTac Sexeba ar hqoniaT aRniSnul sabWosTan,

SesaZloa sasargeblod scnon garkveuli informacia mis struqturasa da fun-

qciebze.

dafuZnebuli 1949 wlis 5 maiss, aTi damfuZnebeli wevri saxelmwifos

mier, evropis sabWo uZvelesi saerTaSoriso politikuri organizaciaa.

nebismier evropul saxelmwifos SeuZlia evropis sabWoSi gawevrianeba im

pirobiT, Tu aRiarebs kanonis uzenaesobis princips da sakuTari iurisdiqciis

farglebSi, nebismieri pirisaTvis warmoadgens garants adamianis uflebebiTa da

ZiriTadi TavisuflebebiT sargeblobisaTvis.

amJamad evropis sabWos SemadgenlobaSi ormocdasami wevri saxelmwifoa:

somxeTi, azerbaijani, albaneTi, andora, avstria, belgia, bulgareTi, xorvatia,

kviprosi, CexeTis respublika, dania, estoneTi, fineTi, safrangeTi, saqarTvelo,

germania, saberZneTi, ungreTi, islandia, irlandia, italia, latvia, lixten-

Steini, litva, luqsemburgi, malta, moldaveTi, niderlandebi, norvegia, polo-

neTi, portugalia, rumineTi, SvedeTi, Sveicaria, `yofili iugoslaviis make-

doniis respublika~, TurqeTi, ukraina da gaerTianebuli samefo.

evropis sabWo warmoadgens samTavrobaTSoriso organizacias, romlis

ZiriTadi miznebia:

* adamianis uflebebis, pluralisturi demokratiisa da kanonis uzenaeso-

bis dacva;

* evropuli kulturuli identurobis Segnebis xelSewyoba da misi ganvi-

Tarebis stimulireba;

* evropuli sazogadoebis winaSe mdgar problemebze erTiani pasuxebis

moZieba (umciresobebi, qsenofobia, garemos dacva, bioeTika, Sidsi, narkomania,

a.S);

* evropis axal demokratiebTan partniorobis ganviTareba; da

* centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis Tanadgoma politikur, sa-

kanonmdeblo da sakonstitucio reformebis gzaze.

evropis sabWo exmaureba evropuli sazogadoebis winaSe mdgar yvela

aqtiur sakiTxs, Tavdacvis sferos gamoklebiT. misi samuSao programa moicavs

Semdeg samoRvaweo sferoebs: adamianis uflebebi, media, sakanonmdeblo

TanamSromloba, socialuri da ekonomikuri sakiTxebi, jandacva, ganaTleba,

kultura, memkvidreoba, sporti, axalgazrdoba, adgilobrivi da regionuli

mTavroba da garemo.

ministrTa komiteti evropis sabWos gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis organoa.

Sedgeba wevri saxelmwifoebis sagareo saqmeTa ministrebisa da mudmivi warmo-

madgenlebisagan. saTaTbiro organos warmadgens saparlamento asamblea, romlis

wevrebic iniSnebian erovnuli parlamentebis mier.

evropis adgilobriv da regionul aRmasrulebel pirTa kongresi sakon-

sultacio organoa, romelic warmoadgens adgilobriv da regionul xelisu-

flebas. amgvarad, mTavrobebi, erovnuli parlamentebi, adgilobrivi da re-

gionuli xelisufleba cal-calkea warmodgenili.

evropis sabWos mier gaweuli Sromis Sedegad vRebulobT evropul kon-

venciebsa da SeTanxmebebs, romelTa gaTvaliswinebiTac xdeba wevr saxelmwi-

foTa kanonmdeblobis Semdgomi harmonizeba da Sesworeba. zogierT konvenciasa

da SeTanxmebas SesaZlebelia SeuerTdnen arawevri saxelmwifoebic. moRvaweobis

sxvadasxva sferoebSi Catarebuli kvlevebi da samuSao srulad xelmisawvdomia

mTavrobebisaTvis da exmareba maT erTobliv muSaobaSi, evropis socialuri

progresis stimulirebis TvalsazrisiT.

evropis sabWo Rebulobs calmxriv SeTanxmebebsac, romelTac `cvalebadi

geometriuli~ TanamSromlobis saxe aqvs da calkeul wevr saxelmwifoebs

uflebas aZlevs, sxvaTa TanxmobiT, ganaxorcielon saerTo interesebSi Semavali

garkveuli qmedebebi.

7

evropis konvencia kulturul TanamSromlobaze qmnis CarCos evropis sab-

Wos moRvaweobisaTvis ganaTlebis, kulturis, memkvidreobis, sportisa da axal-

gazrdobis sferoSi, romelic imarTeba kulturuli TanamSromlobis sabWos

mier. Mmisi saganmanaTleblo programa, ganaTlebis komitetis zedamxedvelobiT,

moicavs Tanamedrove enebis proeqtebs, romelTac axorcielebs IV generaluri

direqtoratis Tanamedrove enebis ganyofileba: ganaTleba, kultura, axal-

gazrdoba, sporti da garemos dacva (DECS). ormocdasami wevri saxelmwifos

garda, aRniSnul konvencias SeuerTda kidev oTxi saxelmwifo: belorusia, bos-

nia da hercogovina, wminda zRva da monako

evropis sabWos ZiriTadi vebgverdia: http: / / www.coe.int enobrivi politikis ganyofilebis vebgverdebia: http: / / www.culture.coe.int / lang

da http: / / www.culture.coe.int / portfolio evropis sabWos Tanamedrove enebis vebgverdia: http: / / www.culture.coe.int / ecml

1. 2. evropis sabWos enobrivi politikis miznebi da amocanebi

evropis sabWom energiulad waswia win Tanamedrove enebis swavleba mas

Semdeg, rac 1950-iani wlebis miwuruls daarsda kulturuli TanamSromlobis

sabWo. im xanad, bevr qveyanaSi Tanamedrove enebi jer kidev klasikuri enebis

gadmosaxedidan iswavleboda, rogorc inteleqtualuri, kulturuli an so-

cialuri elitis ganaTlebis Semadgeneli nawili. Tanamedrove enebi, metwilad,

saWiro iyo diplomatiasa da komerciaSi. sxvamxriv, saerTaSoriso komunikacia,

ZiriTadad, profesionali Tarjimnebisa da mTargmnelebis mier gamoiyeneboda.

1960 wlisTvis evropa aRsdga II msoflio omis Semdeg da evropuli sazogadoebis

internacionalizaciis dawyeba sagrZnobi gaxda, moaxdina ra zegavlena yvela

klasisa da asakobrivi kategoriis mosaxleobaze. Bbolo ormoci welia, aR-

niSnuli procesi grZeldeba da aqselirdeba, saWiroebs ra srulyofas, jer

kidev moklebuli enis Seswavlis, swavlebis da Sefasebis socialuri organize-

bis siRrmiseul reorientaciasa da gardaqmnas.

1. 2. 1. sakomunikacio unarebis mzardi saWiroeba enobrivi

sazRvrebis gadmosaxedidan

msoflio masStabiT sazogadoeba siRrmiseuli gardaqmnis procesSia.

samecniero aRmoCenebi sul ufro daCqarebuli tempiT gvaZlevs Rrma da deta-

lur codnas im samyaros Sesaxeb, romelSic vcxovrobT. kvlevaze dafuZnebuli

industriuli dargebi sul ufro mzardad iyeneben am codnas Cveni cxovrebis

yvela aspeqtTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad, bolo wlebSi sakomunikacio indus-

triis ganviTareba gascda Cveni warmodgenis farglebs. ara mxolod adamianis

gadaadgilebam da tvirTebis transportirebam gaxada saerTaSoriso mobiluroba

yoveldRiurobis Semadgenel nawilad, aramed eleqtronikis wyalobiT informa-

ciisa da azrebis virtualuri gadacema wamebiT ganisazRvreba da aRar eqceva

geografiul CarCoebSi. amasTan, individebs yvelgan uxmoben sakuTari azrebis,

unarebisa da saqmianobis Secvlil da cvalebad garemosTan misadagebisaTvis,

socialuri, ekonomikuri, politikuri da samxedro institutebis msgavsad, ro-

melTa tradiciuli struqtura da saqmianoba gamousadegari xdeba mimdinare

gardaqmnis pirobebSi.

bunebrivia, aseTi wnexisagan arc ganaTlebis sferoa daculi. marTlac,

isini, vinc emsaxurebian axalgazrdebis ganaTlebas, pasuxismgebelni arian maT

imgvarad momzadebaze, rac SesaZlebels gaxdis ocdameerTe saukuneSi cxovrebi-

seul gamowvevasTan gamklavebas da mocemuli SesaZleblobiT sargeblobas.

yvela doneze, swored maswavleblebi unda zrunavdnen aseTi gamowvevebisa da

SesaZleblobis ganWvretisaTvis. Tu aRebuli kursi kvlavac gagrZelda, misi Se-

madgeneli nawili aucileblad iqneba:

8

1. 2. 1. 1. gazrdili pirovnuli mobiluroba

Sromis sferoSi dasaqmebul pirTa mzardi proporcia, savaraudod,

imuSavebs mravalerovnul korporaciebsa da konsorciumebSi pirdapiri SerCevis

gziT an korporaciaTa Serwymis, SeerTebisa da sakontraqto valdebulebebis

Sedegad. Sesabamisad, maT SeiZleba dasWirdeT mravalerovnuli samuSao enis ga-

moyeneba an karieris garkveul etapze stumris an droebiTi rezidentis statu-

siT sazRvargareT cxovreba. Tu isini amas ver SesZleben, SesaZloa SeizRudon

an gairiyon profesiuli gagebiT. maSinac ki, roca maT mogzauroba ar moeTxove-

baT, Eenis gamoyeneba profesiul doneze SeiZleba gardauvali gaxdes ucxoel

kolegebTan urTierTobisas an ucxoel stumrebTan mzardi gasarTobi indus-

triis WrilSi sakomunikaciod. Uufro metic, saerTaSoriso vaWroba da finansebi

moicavs saerTaSoriso bazrebis operirebas da kapitalis moZraobas globaluri

masStabebiT, yvela saxelmwifo da enobrivi sazRvrebis gadalaxviT, da

moiTxovs myisierad reagirebas eleqtronuli mediis saSualebiT.

saganmanaTleblo sferoSi moswavleTa sul ufro mzardi raodenoba,

garkveul etapze, skolaSi sazRvargareT ivlis, mSoblebis profesiuli mo-

bilurobis Sedegad. garda amisa, sul ufro da ufro meti studenti saWirod

CaTvlis sakuTari specializaciis gasaRrmaveblad ucxour universitetSi swav-

las. Sesabamisad, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs yvela doneze sxvadasxva

enobrivi jgufebis studentur nakadebTan eqnebaT Sexeba da amitomac, ufro meti

skola, koleji da universiteti SeiZleba gaxdes mravalerovnuli, xolo

praqtikaSi _ mravalenovani (multilingvuri). dabolos, Tavisufal dros mog-

zauroba, rac ueWvelad gascdeba turistuli paketebis farglebs, damoukide-

blad mogzaurobis formas miiRebs pirovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobebisa da eno-

brivi sazRvrebis gadmosaxedidan, erTi _ erTze komunikaciis CaTvliT.

1. 2. 1. 2. informaciis xelmisawvdomoba

samecniero da teqnologiuri winsvla codnis SesamCnev zrdas ganapi-

robebs. Oorive sferoSi, iseve rogorc sxva ganxrebSi, jgufebi da individebi

erTsa da imave problemebze muSaoben sxvadasxva qveynebSi. maSinac ki, roca

adgili aqvs maT Soris konkurencias, TanamSromloba miRwevaTa Sesaxeb infor-

maciis swrafi miwodebis uzrunvelsayofad, arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa. informa-

ciis didi nawili efemerulia, saWiroa mxolod erT konkretul momentSi da

maleve icvleba. siCqare gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa, Sesabamisad, iTargmneba am

informaciis SedarebiT mcire nawili. specialistebi qmnian sakomunikacio qse-

lebs, saxelmwifo da enobrivi sazRvrebis gadmosaxedidan. piri, romelsac ar

SeuZlia komunikacia aRniSnuli qselis farglebSi, swrafad ganicdis izola-

cias da CamorCeba. Mmartod momuSaveTa areali sul ufro mcirdeba. Yyvela

sferoSi saerTaSoriso kongresebi, konferenciebi, simpoziumebi, kolokviumebi

da seminarebi mzard mniSvnelobas iZens. damswreTa raodenoba icvleba ramdenime

piridan ramdenime aTasamde. aseTi konferenciebi da kongresebi izidavs

monawileebs sxvadasxva qveynebidan da mxolod calkeul umciresobebs SeuZliaT

mSobliur enaze urTierToba. Ddamwyeb donezec ki, standartuli sax-

elmZRvaneloebis arseboba droSi SezRudulia. amitomac, sul ufro saWiroa

kiTxva originalSi da ara Targmnili versiis molodini. ekonomikuri zewola

gamomcemlebze, studentebisa da universitetis fakultetTa biujetebze _ ga-

momcemlebs aiZulebs Seamciron sacalo Rirebuleba, tiraJis gazrdis xarjze.

Ees ganapirobebs zewolas im gagebiTac, rom aseTi gamocema unda daibeWdos

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebisaTvis gamoyenebul yvelaze gavrcelebul enaze,

Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom informaciis dineba swrafi da Zireuli gardaqmnis

procesSia, rasac ganapirobebs eleqtronuli revolucia da informaciis arse-

9

boba kompiuterul epoqaSi. monacemTa eleqtronuli baza, romelic yvelgan

arsebuli internetis nawilia, sasurveli forma xdeba iseTi informaciis

Sesanaxad, romelic efemerulia an xSir ganaxlebas saWiroebs. nebismier ada-

mians, romelsac personaluri kompiuteri aqvs, SeuZlia saxlidan gausvlelad

moiZios ama Tu im sferoSi msoflios sxvadasxva specialistebis mier Cadebuli

informacia da survilis SemTxvevaSi, amobeWdos kidec is. Ddid biblioTekebSi

daculi masala SesaZlebelia, drodadro gamoyenebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi

gavxadoT, patara diskebis (CD-ROM) saSualebiT, adgilisa da xarjis

mniSvnelovani dazogviT da xSirad regularuli ganaxlebis pirobiTac.

gardaqmnis tempi saboloo Sedegis ganWvretis saSualebas ar iZleva, ma-

gram savsebiT mosalodnelia, rom is rac am etapze maRalprofesiulad

ganixileba, sul mcire xanSi primitiulad miviCnioT. Kkidev erTxel unda aRi-

niSnos, rom samoqmedo masStabi globaluria, komerciuli sicocxlisunarianoba

damokidebulia msxvilmasStabian operaciaze da arRvevs yvela arsebul saz-

Rvrebs. igive iTqmis garTobis sferozec, sadac satelituri televiziis arse-

boba saSualebas aZlevs mayurebels gadacemebi sxvadasxva qveynidan miiRos.

1. 2. 1. 3. urTierToba da tolerantoba

zemoxsenebuli cvlilebebi Sedegobrivad aisaxeba uamravi adamianis

yoveldRiur cxovrebaze msoflio masStabiT. Ees, albaT, gansakuTrebiT ev-

ropaSia SesamCnevi, sadac cvlilebebiT miRebuli Sedegebi, Tavdapirvelad,

memkvidreobiTi kulturisa da enebis mqone xalxTa winaaRmdegobas awydeba. bevri

adamianisaTvis mzardad interaqtiuli evropuli sazogadoebis mier motanili

gamowvevebi da xelsayreli SesaZleblobebi saintereso perspeqtivaa. Tumca,

arseboben iseTebic, romlebic am yvelafers ufro muqarad miiCneven, vidre pi-

robad. kerZod, saubaria im adamianebze, romlebsac ar esmiT mimdinare cvlile-

bebi da saTanadod momzadebulni ar arian maTze reagirebisaTvis. Aimitom, miiC-

neven rom maTi arseboba safrTxeSia, iseve rogorc maTi identuroba, romlisT-

visac saSiSroebas warmoadgens ucxo Zalebis arakontrolirebadi qmedebebi. maT

miaCniaT, rom maT cxovrebaSi iWreba ucxo wes-Cveulebebi da saqmianoba da Tan-

daTanobiT angrevs stabilur dabalansebul adgilobriv sazogadoebas, rac

ganzogadebis sxvadasxva WrilSi adrec arsebula. Aamgvar SemTxvevaSi xalxi,

romelTa codna-gamocdileba gareSe samyarosTan mimarTebaSi mcirea, SeiZleba

davarwmunoT, rom gareSe pirebi, kerZod ki, ucxoelebi pasuxs ageben Seqmnil

sirTuleebze. uaryofiTi stereotipebis gaZliereba SeiZleba ganapirobon usin-

diso da saSiSma adamianebmac. sazogadoebaTaSorisi SiSisa da siZulvilis usia-

movno formebi SeiZleba Zaladobriv ukudartymad iqces mWidro evropuli da

globaluri TanamSromlobisaTvis. saukeTeso dacvas rasizmisa da qsenofobiis

aseTi formebisgan warmoadgens codna, ucxo samyaroSi uSualod miRebuli ga-

mocdileba, cxovrebis gaumjobesebuli pirobebi da sakomunikacio unarebi.

Mmobilurobis saWiroeba da informaciis xelmisawvdomoba, urTierTgage-

basa da tolerantobasTan erTad, qmnis efeqtur sakomunikacio unarebs, enobrivi

sazRvrebis gadmosaxedidan, rac Seucvleli iaraRia xvalindeli moqalaqis

xelSi, gardaqmnili evropuli sazogadoebis gamowvevebsa da SesaZleblobebTan

Sesaxvedrad.

1. 2. 2. ras akeTebs evropis sabWo enis Sesaswavlad?

evropis sabWom sawyis etapebzeve scno enis swavlebis uwyvetobis

mniSvneloba. mravali wlis manZilze, sxvadasxva proeqtebis saSualebiT, man

uzrunvelyo forumi, politikis SeqmnaSi uSualo monawileTa da maswavlebelTa,

agreTve maswavlebelTa trenerebisa da mxardamWeri samsaxurebis erToblivi

10

moRvaweobisaTvis, politikis SemuSavebisa da misi konkretul miznebad da am

miznebis misaRwevad saWiro praqtikuli gzebis dasaxvisaTvis.

sabWo exmareba wevr saxelmwifoebs reformebis gatarebaSi da stimuls

aZlevs novaciebs, enis swavlebasa da maswavlebelTa treningis saqmeSi. zogadad,

is aadvilebs saerTaSoriso gamocdilebisa da eqspertuli codnis Tavmoyras da

xels uwyobs, erTobliv, Semswavlelze orientirebul meTodologiis SemuSave-

bas, romelSic harmoniuladaa Serwymuli, saerTo principebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

miznebi, Sinaarsi, Seswavla, swavleba da Sefaseba.

Eevropis sabWo did mniSvnelobas aniWebs evropaSi enobrivi mravalferov-

nebis xelSewyobas da mxarSi udgas wevr saxelmwifoebs damgegmavi instrumente-

bis SeqmnaSi, raTa win waswios TiTqmis ocdaaTamde erovnuli da regionuli

enis swavleba: damatebiT miRebul iqna `regionuli anu umciresobaTa enebis ev-

ropuli qartia~, am enebis rogorc evropis mdidari enobrivi da kulturuli

memkvidreobis sasicocxlo aspeqtis dacvisa da ganvrcobis mizniT.

1. 2. 3. ministrTa komitetis rezoluciebi

Yyovel aT weliwadSi erTxel sabWos muSaobis SedegebiT iqmneba minis-

trTa sabWos Sereuli rezolucia wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis. mas ar gaaCnia

direqtivis Zala, magram mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens erovnuli politikis

ganviTarebaze momdevno wlebSi. magaliTad, rezolucia (82)12 fasdaudebeli aR-

moCnda axali wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis, centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi,

sabWoTa hegemoniis moxsnis Semdeg, saxelmwifo enis swavlebis politikis ori-

entiris Sesacvlelad. yvelaze mniSvnelovani zogadi rekomendaciebi mocemulia

kompetenciebis muxlSi 1.2.

1. 2. 4. zogadevropuli kompetenciebi da enobrivi politika

TviT kompetenciebi ar aris politikuri dokumenti, rogorc amas cxady-

ofs muxli 1.6. mis mizans warmoadgens ara politikuri gzamkvlevis Seqmna, ara-

med enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis yvela aspeqtTan mimarTebaSi azrTa

urTierTgacvlis xelSewyoba. msjeloba da azrTa urTierTgacvla politikis

sakiTxebis irgvliv, erovnul da sxva doneebze, dawyebuli saklaso oTaxiT,

damTavrebuli saerTaSoriso sazogadoebiT, ra Tqma unda, mniSvnelovania, ara

mxolod aRmasrulebeli pirebisaTvis, aramed sazogadoebisa da yvela im piri-

saTvis, romelic maswavleblis profesias emsaxureba. Ddemokratiul sazogadoe-

baSi informirebuli da viTarebaSi garkveuli sazogadoebis azri, arsebiTi

mniSvnelobisaa, politikis sworad formirebisa da warmarTvis saqmeSi. Aaqedan

gamomdinare, yvelas vinc sargeblobs kompetenciebiT, vTxovT yuradRebiT

ganixilon erovnuli politikis formirebasTan dakavSirebuli Semdegi sa-

kiTxebi:

1. ra principiT ganisazRvreba enebis SerCeva da maTi raodenoba

kurikulumSi?

2. arsebobs Tu ara saxelmwifo enis politika?

3. ra ganapirobebs am gadawyvetilebas?

4. aqvs Tu ara yvela bavSvs SesaZlebloba miiRos ganaTleba mSobliur

enaze? Uumravlesobis warmomadgenel bavSvebs eZlevaT Tu ara saSualeba

iswavlon umciresobaTa enebi?

5. aris Tu ara Tanamedrove enebi:

* savaldebulo

* arCeviTi ganaTlebis yvela etapze:

_ skolamdeli;

_ dawyebiTi;

_ sabazo, saSualo;

_ umaRlesi;

11

_ Semdgomi;

_ zrdasrulTa;

ra nabijebi idgmeba ganviTarebis mdgradobis da Tanamimdevrulobis uz-

runvelsayofad?

6. ra principiT ganisazRvreba gadawyvetilebebi kurikulumSi ucxo enis

SeswavlisaTvis gamoyofil drosTan dakavSirebiT?

7. ra principebiT ganisazRvreba politika imasTan mimarTebaSi Tu ra

doneze unda iqnes miRebuli gadawyvetileba a) erovnul; b) regionul; g)

adgilobriv Tu d) skolis doneze?

8. ra nabijebi idgmeba Tanamimdevrulobis dasacavad a) saswavlo gegmaTa

amocanebis; b) saswavlo meTodebis; g) saxelmZRvaneloebisa da sxva

saswavlo masalebis, agreTve, Dd) gamocdebisa da kvalifikaciis

amaRlebis sakiTxebSi?

9. ra principebs efuZneba saxelmwifo enis uzrunvelyofa?

a) ekonomikuri moTxovnebi (magaliTad, saerTaSoriso vaWroba,

turizmi);

b) diplomatiuri urTierTobebi;

g) zewola mSoblebis mxridan;

d) kulturuli Rirebulebebi;

e) tradiciebi

10. arian Tu ara sxvadasxva ministrebi da saministro uwyebebi

pasuxismgebelni saganmanaTleblo uzrunvelyofis sxvadasxva

seqtorebze?

Tu es asea, ra nabijebi idgmeba maT mier warmoebuli politikis Tanamim-

devrulobis dasacavad?

11. ra nabijebi idgmeba, raTa Sesruldes:

a) umciresobaTa an regionuli enebis evropuli qartia

b) evropis sabWos erovnul umciresobaTa CarCo-konvencia;

g) haagis rekomendacia _ erovnul umciresobaTa saganmanaTleblo

uflebebTan dakavSirebiT.

d) enobrivi uflebebis sayovelTao deklaracia (araoficialuri, magram

iuneskos mier dafinansebuli)

12. mimdinareobs Tu ara eTnikur enebze swavleba maTTvis, visTvisac es

enebi mSobliuria

a) rogorc gardamavali etapis zoma

b) saganmanaTleblo procesis Semdgom etapebze?

13. aqvs Tu ara mxardaWera umciresobaTa enebis Seswavlas kurikulumebis

farglebs gareT?

14. ra mxardaWera aqvs enis Seswavlas zrdasruli adamianebis ganaTle-

baSi?

15. exeba Tu ara saministros direqtivebi kurikulumebTan dakavSirebiT:

a) enebs, romlebic unda aswavlon;

b) amocanebs, romlebic unda Sesruldes;

g) Mmidgomas, romelic unda SeirCes;

d) meTodebs, romlebic gamoyenebul unda iqnes;

e) saswavlo masalebs, romlebic gamoyenebul unda iqnes;

v) kvalifikacias, romelic unda mieniWos;

z) testebisa da gamocdebis Sinaarssa da procedurebs;

direqtivebi savaldebuloa Tu arCeviTi?

ra principebs efuZneba direqtivebi?

16. aqvs enis sferoSi saganmanaTleblo kvlevas xelSewyoba da dafinanseba

saministros mxridan? ra nabijebi idgmeba imisaTvis, rom kvleviTi

Sedegebi moeqces administraciisa da sxva profesionalebis yuradRebis

centrSi?

12

17. xdeba Tu ara ministrTa komitetis mier Tanamedrove enebTan mimarTe-

baSi

SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebis (69)2, (81)19, (97)6 miReba da gaTvaliswineba

erovnuli (an saministros) politikis formirebisas? ra nabijebi idgmeba

imisaTvis, rom ministrTa komitetis aRniSnuli rekomendaciebi moeqces

enis maswavlebelTa yuradRebis centrSi?

18. gamoiyeneba Tu ara saxelmZRvaneloebSi, kursis Sedgenisas an

sakvalifikacio gamocdebSi evropis sabWos mier ocdasami evropuli

enisaTvis gansazRvruli enis swavlis amocanebi (elementaruli,

zRvruli done, zRvruli ganviTarebuli done)?

19. aris Tu ara saxelmwifoebriv donemde ayvanili enobrivi kvalifikacia,

dayofili evropis sabWos kompetenciebis doneebis mixedviT?

P1. 3. mravali enis (mravalenovnebis) saWiroeba

1.3 punqtSi ganmartebulia `plurilingvizmis~ koncefcia, rac Semdgom

gaSlilia punqtSi 6.1.3 da me-8 TavSi. Aaq aseve mocemulia gansxvaveba terminebSi

`plurilingvuri~ da `multilingvuri~, romelic ubralod gulisxmobs `ramden-

ime enis codnas an sxvadasxva enebis Tanaarsebobas mocemul sazogadoebaSi~

imisda miuxedavad, es sazogadoeba adgilobrivi, erovnuli Tu saerTaSorisoa.

Nnebismieri evropeli, romelsac surs gazardos sakuTari enobrivi SesaZle-

blobebi da gascdes im enis farglebs, romelzec metyveleben misTvis mSobliur

garemoSi, awydeba enaTa udides mravalferovnebas, romelTagan ormocdaaTs

miniWebuli aqvs saxelmwifo an regionuli enis statusi, kulturuli

TanamSromlobis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebSi. Aam statusis miRmaa darCenili

kidev mravali ena ruseTis federaciaSi. rigiTi mZRoli erTdRiani mogzaurobis

manZilze advilad Camoitovebs xuT an eqvs sxvadasxva enaze mosaubre dasaxle-

bul punqts.

rogor gadavlaxoT es sakomunikacio barierebi? xSirad mivmarTavT erTi

romelime enis fiqsirebas sayovelTao saSualebad saerTaSoriso komuni-

kaciisaTvis da am gziT vcdilobT gordias kvanZis gaxsnas. Ppatara, magram

Tavdadebul da xmaurian umciresobas surs aseTi statusiT esperanto ixilos _

Seqmnili specialurad am mizniT. Tumc, istoriuli da ekonomiuri Zalebis gan-

viTarebam iseTi kursi aiRo, rom ubiZga inglisuri enis damkvidrebas am pozici-

aze, gansakuTrebiT, TviT sakomunikacio industriis kuTxiT. Ees ar warmoadgens

wminda evropul fenomens, is ufro globaluria. Sesabamisad, inglisuri ena

iqca pirveladi mniSvnelobis ucxo enad mraval saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi da

amgvarad Seqmna TviTdamamkvidrebeli spirali. Aam etapze bevr mSobels miaCnia,

rom Tu bavSvs skolaSi ar eZleva inglisuri enis Tavisuflad aTvisebis

SesaZlebloba, is seriozulad kargavs upiratesobas. saganmanaTleblo sferos

zogierTi damgegmavi inglisuri enis, rogorc lingua franca-s swavlebas saWirod da

imavdroulad sakmarisadac miiCnevs. skolis kurikulumidan sxva ucxo enebis

amoReba SesaZloa im mizans emsaxurebodes, rom resursebis koncentrireba maqsi-

maluri sakomunikacio efeqturobisaTvis swored saerTaSoriso komunikaciis wa-

myvan enaze moxdes, an ubralod skolis kurikulumSi Tanamedrove enebis rolis

minimumamde Semcirebam meti adgili dauTmos maTematikis, mecnierebis,

teqnologiis, xelovnebisa da mSobliuri enis srulyofas.

ra Tqma unda, kompetenturi aRmasrulebeli pirebi iTvaliswineben infor-

mirebuli sazogadoebis azrs da profesionalTa rCevas, raTa enobrivi politi-

kis kuTxiT miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi maqsimalurad akmayofilebdes sa-

zogadoebriv da individualur moTxovnebs. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom evropuli

institutebis politika mtkiced emxroba plurilingvizms. Ees sulac ar aixsneba

imiT, rom erTi wevri saxelmwifos mosaxleoba ganawyenebulia sxvebze, romle-

bic meti upiratesobiT sargebloben. sxva Tu araferi, inglisuri enis gamoyene-

13

bis zrdadobas bolo wlebSi veranairad Seedreba gaerTianebuli samefos sim-

didris, Zalauflebisa da zegavlenis yvelaze SesamCnevi zrdac ki evropul

saqmeebSi. marTlac, zogierTi adamiani, visTvisac inglisuri mSobliuri enaa,

imdenadaa damokidebuli sakuTari enis gamoyenebaze saerTaSoriso urTierTo-

bebSi, rom es erTgvarad zRudavs kidec komunikacias da SesaZloa ukiduresad

uaryofiTi politikuri da ekonomikuri zegavlena iqonios. amasTan, garkveuli

mizezebis gamo, evropuli sazogadoebis mravalenovani buneba aucilebels xdis

evropelTaTvis, ganaviTaron sakuTari SesaZleblobebi ramdenime aramSobliuri

enis mxriv. jer erTi, inglisuri enis flobis moculoba da done sxvadasxva

qveynebSi gadaWarbebulad ar unda iqnes Sefasebuli. evrokavSiris farglebSi,

mosaxleobis 50%_c ki, axalgazrdobis CaTvliT, ver iqoniebs pretenzias am enis

gamoyenebiT doneze flobisa. zeda asakobrivi jgufebSi procentuli maCvenebeli

kidev ufro dabalia. warmodgena, rom inglisurad yvelgan saubroben da ing-

lisuri yvelgan esmiT gamarTlebulia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca kontaqtebi

ganixileba mxolod turistuli industriis, profesiuli kavSirebisa da ukeT

ganaTlebul pirTa doneze.

Yyovel qveyanaSi metyveleben sakuTar erovnul (saxelmwifo) da zogierT

SemTxvevaSi, regionul enebze. Uucxoeli stumrebis da rezidentebisaTvis, ro-

melTac warmodgenac ki ar aqvT am enaze, TvaliT nanaxi da yuriT gagonili

sruliad gaugebaria, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca maT miznobrivad udgebian

maTTvis gasageb ucxo enaze. amitomac, advilad savaraudoa, maTi gariyva, margin-

alizacia da izolaciac ki. maTTvis xelmisawvdomi iqneba mxolod ucxoelebze

gaTvlili informacia. maSinac ki, roca kontaqti myardeba orive mxarisaTvis

nacnob ucxo enaze, komunikaciis xarisxi gamomdinareobs TanamosaubreTa kompe-

tenturobidan da ar eqvemdebareba arcerTi maTganis kontrols. Tu aseTi ena

lingua franca-s rols asrulebs da misi gamoyeneba gamiznulia wminda manqanur,

kulturuli komunikaciis farglebs miRma WrilSi, man SeiZleba srulad daak-

mayofilos ZiriTadi tranzaqciuli moTxovnebi, magram damaxinjdeba informa-

ciisa da azrTa gacvla garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca saqme gvaqvs adamianis

cxovrebis yvelaze ufro zedapirul aspeqtebTan, socialur sakiTxebTan, Rire-

bulebebsa da mosazrebebTan.

cxadia, adamianebi ukeT gamoxataven ama Tu im problemiT realurad

dainteresebas, roca iyeneben mSobliuri enis yvela resurs. zogjer SeuZlebe-

lia, raime iTqvas iseT swavlaze, rac gulisxmobs dawerilis sworad wakiTxvas

an mosmenas, naTqvamis wvdomiT, vidre yvela resursis gamoyenebas erT an ramden-

ime saerTaSoriso manqanur enaze, unarebis dabalansebuli ganviTarebisaTvis.

recefciuli unari, romelic moiTxovs enis gacnobierebas da SesaZloa, iyeneb-

des gonivrul deduqcias, savaraudod gvTavazobs Rirebulebis kuTxiT, sas-

wavlo Zalisxmevis ufro efeqtur Sedegs, vidre produqtiuli unari, romelic

moiTxovs rogorc gamosayenebeli enis gaxsenebas, ise naTqvamis imgvarad for-

mirebas, rom gamoxatul iqnes nagulisxmevi mniSvneloba, mocemuli enis gramati-

kul da pragmatul pirobiTobasTan SesabamisobaSi.

faqtiurad, vawydebiT ra evropaSi enaTa da maTi gamoyenebis usazRvro

mravalferovnebas, erTaderTi, rac ZalgviZs aris am kontingentis mravalenovan

(multingvur) kompleqsurobaSi zRvrul farglebSi SeWra. Eenobrivi dagegmare-

bis saqmeSi SezRuduli drois da enis SeswavlisaTvis xelmisawvdomi sxva re-

sursebis optimalurad gamoyenebis sakiTxs udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. Eevropis

sabWos Semdgomi proeqtebi efuZneba im mosazrebas, rom Rirebuli da ganxor-

cielebadi amocanebis yuradRebiT gansazRvras sazogadoebaSi, individTa sako-

munikacio moTxovnebTan SesabamisobaSi, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs. Ggamomdi-

nare iqidan, rom aseTi moTxovnebi Tavs iCens zrdasrul adamianTa cxovrebaSi,

enis swavlebis organizeba unda iyos fleqsiuri da uwyvet perspeqtiulobaze

gaTvlili.

skolaSi enis swavla unda ganixilebodes ara rogorc Caketili, produ-

qtze orientirebuli procesi, aramed rogorc safuZvlis Cayra samomavlo swav-

14

lisa da gamoyenebisaTvis. porCeris Tanaxmad (porCeri 1980), skola, rogorc sas-

wavlo dawesebuleba, sakuTari bunebidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovnad zRudavs

imas, rac SeiZleba gakeTdes adamianis cxovrebis am etapze. Eenis swavla umaR-

les, Semdgom da zrdasrulTa saganmanaTleblo doneebze warmoadgens ara arCe-

viT danamats, Selamazebas an gatacebas, aramed arsebiT socialur uzrunvelyo-

fas, rac mniSvnelovan erovnul interesebs emsaxureba. aRsaniSnavia, rom am don-

eebze moTxovna mWidrod ukavSirdeba saWiroebas da gacilebiT ufro mraval-

ferovania skolis donesTan SedarebiT. saqme arc isaa, rom zrdasrul ada-

mianebs ubralod surT gaiumjobeson im enis codna, romelsac ukve sakmaod kar-

gad floben. Uufro xSirad, maTi mizania kompetenciis gafarToeba sxva enebis

mxriv. amasTan, produqtiuli mxare Semoifargleba mxolod mokrZalebuli

miznebiT da ZiriTadi adgili uWiravs survils - gaugon evropelebs bunebrivad

naTqvami. AmagaliTad, am principze dafuZnebulma BBC-is satelevizio seriebma

sakmaod didi auditoria miizida, romelic erTi enis Sesavali kursidan meore

enis Sesaval kursze gadasvliT Semoifargleba, maSin roca amave enis Semswav-

leli kursis ufro maRal doneebze myofi auditoria piramidis konuss mog-

vagonebs.

ra Tqma unda, Tanamedrove teqnologias ZaluZs maRali xarisxis produ-

qtis uzrunvelyofa mokrZalebul sacalo fasSi, Tuki kargi organizaciis pi-

robebSi globalur auditorias yurmilTan movixelTebT (amis naTeli magali-

Tia Follow Me-is (`momyeviT~) gasaocari globaluri warmateba). Tanac, axali

teqnologiebis pirobebSi ufro didia producirebisa da bazrebis diferencia-

cia, izrdeba arCevanis saSualeba da Semswavlelis TviTqmedeba. gamoTvlilia

(devid kristali, personaluri komunikacia), rom daaxloebiT 1000 ena gamoi-

yeneba da xelmisawvdomia internetSi, xolo inglisuris gamoyeneba 50%-iT Sem-

cirda. SegviZlia darwmunebiT vTqvaT, rom radgan multimediuri saSualebebi

ufro daxvewili, sayovelTaod xelmisawvdomi da ukeT gasagebia, enis swavla

yvela doneze ufro mravalferovani da decentralizebuli gaxdeba. aseTi gan-

viTarebis erT-erTi Sedegi iqneba is, rom gacilebiT gafarTovdeba uzrunvel-

myofTa speqtri TviT Semswavlelebis CaTvliT, romlebic mowveul iqnebian enis

Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis meTodebsa da amocanebTan dakavSirebiT ar-

Cevanis gasakeTeblad da gadawyvetilebaTa misaRebad. Pprofesiuli da saganma-

naTleblo mobiluroba uzrunvelmyofTa winaSe wamoayenebs maTi amocanebisa da

miRwevebis sxvebisaTvis miwodebis moTxovnas, rac am ukanasknelT saSualebas

miscems gaakeTon araformaluri arCevani da aswion Sromis zogadi done ga-

mocdilebis urTierTgacvlis safuZvelze.

1. 4. risTvis gvWirdeba kompetenciebi?

1. 4. punqti ajamebs yvela im mizezs, romelic cxadyofs, zemoxsenebuli

aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra praqtikuli gamoyeneba eqneba enis SeswavliTa

da misi SedegebiT dainteresebul pirTa mier sakuTari Zalisxmevis moqcevas

saerTo evropul CarCoSi _ iseTSi, rogoricaa ucxo enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa

da Sefasebis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi (kompetenciebi). aqve citirebulia

ruSlikonSi, SveicariaSi Catarebuli samTavrobaTSoriso simpoziumis mier ga-

motanili daskvnebi, riTac rekomendacia gaewia yvelanairi saxisa da donis

zogadevropuli kompetenciebis SemuSavebas enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Se-

fasebisaTvis.

15

1. 5. ra daniSnuleba aqvs kompetenciebs?

es punqti xazs usvams kompetenciebis, rogorc damgegmavi instrumentis ga-

moyenebas da, amdenad, TviTganmartebiTia. ra Tqma unda, SesaZlebelia misi sxva

daniSnulebiT gamoyenebac - mniSvnelovania misi roli cnobierebis amaRlebis

saqmeSi, gansakuTrebiT - umaRles ganaTlebaSi da maswavlebelTa sawyisi da

kvalifikaciis asamaRlebel saganmanaTleblo da trening kursebze. Mmravalma

institutma aRiara kompetenciebi, rogorc danawilebis saSualeba ga-

mocdilebisa da kvalifikaciis TanafardobisaTvis.

1. 6. ra kriteriumiT unda moxdes kompetenciebis gansazRvra?

ruSlikonis simpoziumma daadgina is kriteriumi, romelsac unda pasuxob-

des kompetenciebi. monawileni SeTanxmdnen, rom kompetenciebi unda iyos

deskripciuli da ara preskripciuli. Ppraqtikosebi yuradRebiT unda daakvird-

nen sakuTar praqtikas da maT unda miiRon gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic maTive

TvalTaxedviT, mocemul situaciaSi gamarTlebulia da Semdeg es gadawyvetile-

bebi, sakuTari amocanebi da meTodebi gauziaron sxvebs. kompetenciebis funqcia

ar aris praqtikosebisaTvis moqmedebis karnaxi, maSin roca ministrTa komiteti

moiTxovs maTgan politikis rekomendaciebis damajereblad aRiarebas da maT ga-

moyenebas gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisas. miuxedavad argumentirebulobisa, evropis

sabWos TvalTaxedvam arc unda gansazRvros da arc unda daamaxinjos deskrip-

ciuli CarCo. Ees fundamenturi midgoma yovelTvis ver poulobs saTanado gage-

bas.

kompetenciebis mizania, iyos yovlismomcveli da ara seleqciuri. arsebobs

swavlisa da swavlebis mravalnairi saxeoba. Yyvela maTganma unda daimkvidros

adgili am kompetenciebis farglebSi. meore mxriv, kompetenciebi ver iqneba

amomwuravi, magram sasurvelia iyos gamWvirvale momxmareblebisaTvis _ maTTvis,

vinc aRwers sakuTar amocanebsa da meTodebs, da maTTvisac, vinc am aRweras Re-

bulobs. Mmomxmarebelma naTlad unda dainaxos SemoTavazebis arsi, yovelgvari

bundovanebisa da orazrovnebis Tavidan acilebiT. kompetenciebi unda iyos

Tanamimdevruli _ Sida winaaRmdegobebisa da gaugebrobebisagan Tavisufali,

mravalmiznobrivi _ momxmarebelTa moTxovnebze mosargebad mravalnairad gamo-

yenebadi, Ria da dinamiuri _ momxmarebelTa mxridan Semdgom daxvewas daqvemde-

barebuli, radgan gardauvalia masSi xarvezebisa da naklovanebebis migneba. igi

unda iyos aradogmaturic _ Ria yvelanairi midgomisa da TvalTaxedvis misaRe-

bad, da ara romelime dogmis daJinebiT mimdevari. kompetenciebiT sargeblobas

unda axerxebdes rigiTi, araprofesionali momxmarebelic da am procesSi igi ar

unda awydebodes zedmet sirTulesa da Jargons, Tumca ukiduresi gamartiveba

Taviseburad saxifaToa. komunikacia enis gamoyenebiT kompleqsuri fenomenia,

romelsac ar gaaCnia usafuZvlo nawilebi. Lenobrivi interaqciis struqtura

srulad unda iyos warmodgenili, Tumca teqnikuri enis argamoyeneba ama Tu im

etapze SeuZlebelia da amitom idiosinkretuli terminologia ganmartebuli

unda iyos.

momxmareblisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba imis gaTvaliswinebac, Tu ramdenad

miesadageba aRniSnuli kriteriumi maTi sakuTari miznebis, amocanebisa da meTo-

debis aRwerilobas kompetenciebTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad, ramdenad yovlis-

momcvelia es ukanaskneli? savaldebulo ar aris momxmarebelma miiRos yve-

laferi, rac kompetenciebSia warmodgenili. igi unda iyos gasagebi im doneze,

rom momxmarebels daexmaros zedmiwevniTi specifikaciis kuTxiT. Tu kompeten-

ciebis momxmareblebi aRmoaCenen, rom gamotovebulia calkeuli aspeqtebi, rac

maT specifikaciaSi daexmareboda, kompetenciebi veRar daakmayofilebs, yovlis-

momcvelobis kriteriums. aseT SemTxvevaSi, momxmareblebma Tavad unda mogva-

wodon specifikacia kompetenciebis Semdgomi daxvewis mizniT. swored es

16

gulisxmobs maT Ria xasiaTsa da dinamiurobas. meore mxriv, SesaZloa arsebob-

des momxmarebelTa iseTi kategoriac, romelTac kompetenciebi ar gamoadgebaT

gamomdinare iqidan, rom igi ver akmayofilebs im SemswavlelTa moTxovnebs,

romlebsac iTvaliswinebda momxmarebelTa aRniSnuli kategoria, an kompeten

ciebi SeiZleba ar aRmoCndes prioritetuli SezRuduli resursebisa da drois

pirobebSi.

-

Tu ganvixilavT momxmarebelTa mier mowodebul aRwerilobebs kompeten-

ciebis kuTxiT, maSin sityva `yovlismomcveli~ gansxvavebul mniSvnelobas

SeiZens. gaiTvaliswina momxmarebelma yvelanairi arCevanis SesaZlebloba

gadawyvetilebaTa miRebamde? Aaris aRweriloba saTanadod moculobiTi da de-

taluri, rom amomwuravi pasuxi mogvces?

gamWvirvaleobis da Tanamimdevrulobis kuTxiT kompetenciebisa da aRwer-

ilobisaTvis wayenebuli kriteriumic msgavsia: SesZlo avtorma naTeli suraTis

Seqmna momxmareblisaTvis saTqmelis miwodebis TvalsazrisiT, am saTqmelis

momxmareblisaTvis gasageb enaze gadmocema (saWiro SemTxvevebSi standartuli

leqsikonis daxmarebiT), bundovanebisa da orazrovnebis Tavidan acilebiT? aris

aRweriloba detalurad Sekruli? Aaris is myari _ Sida winaaRmdegobebisagan

Tavisufali? Aaris is fleqsiuri _ yvela im garemoebis mxedvelobaSi mimRebi,

sadac moxdeba misi gamoyeneba?

dabolos, gaugebrobebis Tavidan asacileblad: kompetenciebis mizani

deskripciuli xasiaTisaa da ara preskripciuli. kompetenciebi Seqmnilia

araerTferovnebis xelSewyobisa da Tundac Tavs moxvevisaTvis, aramed mraval-

ferovnebis SenarCunebiTa da stimulirebiT, komunikaciis gaumjobesebisaTvis.

istoriam mogvawoda yvela is Rirebuleba, mosazreba da midgoma, romelmac ev-

ropis sabWo Tanamedrove enebis sferoSi muSaobisas, informaciiT uzrunvelyo.

Mmomxmareblebs vTxovT yuradRebiT daakvirdnen maT da gaiTvaliswinon isini,

rogorc kompetenciebiT sargeblobisas, ise muSaobis procesSic. Tumca, aRsaniS-

navia, rom maTi gaTaviseba mxolod momxmareblis prerogativaa. kompetenciebi

arsobrivad aradogmaturia, saSualebas aZlevs yvela momxmarebels, rom sxvebs

ara ukarnaxon, Tu ra gadawyvetilebebi unda miiRon, aramed amcnon sakuTari

gadawyvetilebebi.

unda vaRiaroT, rom zogadi kompetenciebis SemuSaveba politikuri aqtia.

me-19 saukuneSi da mogvianebiT mravalma saxelmwifom ganizraxa Seeqmna an

gaeZlierebina erovnuli erTianoba avtoritaruli da zogjer mCagvrelis

poziciidan erTferovani erovnuli kurikulumebis, kvalifikaciis, sax-

elmZRvaneloebisa da saklaso meTodebis TavsmoxveviT. Aamas Tan axlda nebis-

mieri mravalferovnebis (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) ukugdeba, rac hetero-

genul elementebs efuZneboda. amJamad, gacilebiT ufro fasdeba umciresobaTa

identuroba da ufro sayovelTao aRiareba aqvs saganmanaTleblo mravalferov-

nebis moTxovnas. Tumca, arsebobs SeSfoTebac, rom calkeul mxareebSi evro-

pulma erTianobam SesaZloa erovnuli identurobis dakargva gamoiwvios. Kkonti-

nenturi erTianobisaTvis Semdgomi xelSewyoba da amasTan mravalferovnebis

dafaseba da gazrdac ki, demokratiul gadawyvetilebaTa miReba, saswavlo

kuTxiT, informaciis urTierTgacvlis gaadvileba da erTiani midgomis Se-

muSaveba mravali profesionalis mier _ rwmenis aqtia! swored am kuTxiT gvinda

moxdes kompetenciebis Semdgomi ganxilva momxmareblis mier.

17

nawili 2 _ SerCeuli midgoma

am Tavis mizania, moamzados mkiTxveli im deskripciuli aparatis gamosay-

eneblad, romelsac me-4, me-5 TavebSi SevxvdebiT. Aaq warmodgenilia enis gamo-

yenebis da enis momxmareblis analizi, romelsac efuZneba ufro detaluri

taqsonomia an klasifikaciis sqema, rasac mogvianebiT SevxvdebiT; Sesabamisad, es

Tavi ufro teqnikuri xasiaTisaa. samagierod, zedmiwevniTaa ganmartebuli yvela

mniSvnelovani termini. Semdgomi Tavebis dawvrilebiT Seswavlamde umjobesia am

Tavis auCqareblad wakiTxva, Sefaseba da arsobrivad gadamuSaveba. Mmiuxedavad

imisa, rom mocemuli Tavi metwilad TviTganmartebiTia, mowodebulia iseTi

sityvebic, romlebic dagvexmareba gaugebrobaTa Tavidan acilebaSi.

2. 1. moqmedebaze orientirebuli midgoma

moqmedebaze orientireba evropis sabWos midgomis Tanamdevi niSania, 1970-

iani wlebis dasawyisidan, enis swavlasTan rogorc komunikaciisaTvis, enis

aqtiurad gamoyenebis mzadebasTan mimarTebaSi. Tumca, es imas ar niSnavs, rom

Cven dainteresebulni varT mxolod Ria moqmedebiT. warmovidginoT, matareblis

vagonSi erTmaneTis pirispir msxdari ramdenime adamiani. Tu maTgan erT-erTi

wignis kiTxvaSia Cafluli, es ar niSnavs, rom is naklebad aqtiuria, mis gver-

diT gacxarebul saubarSi monawile wyvilTan SedarebiT. Tu maT Soris aris

iseTic, romelic mxolod sivrces miSterebia da SesaZloa, fiqrobdes misTvis

gadamwyveti gasaubrebis Sedegze, igi gegmavs aramxolod Tavdacvas, aramed

amzadebs pasuxebs mosalodnel kiTxvebzec.

Aadamianebis momzadeba, enis aqtiurad gamoyenebisaTvis moiTxovs ada-

mianur SesaZleblobaTa _ inteleqtis, emociebis da nebis, _ srulad gamoyenebas

da praqtikuli unarebis gavarjiSebas. Eenis gamoyenebisa da enis momxmareblis

Sesaxeb arsebulma mTlianma mosazrebam unda ipovos sakuTari adgili erT ada-

mianTan mimarTebaSi, magram es aris socialur konteqstSi moqmedi adamiani, igive

`socialuri agenti~. ra Tqma unda, am terminSi ar moiazreba pirovnebis sisavsis

dayvana dehumanizebuli magaliTis mimcemamde. am terminis mizania, daicvas ada-

miani im safrTxisagan, rac gulisxmobs individualistur da TviT solifsistur

izolaciasac ki.

Sekvecili debuleba enis gamoyenebaze mocemuli me-9 gv-ze Seferadebul

yuTSi da Semdgom gamoyenebuli terminebis definicia, aucilebelia kompetencie-

bis gagebisa da gamoyenebisaTvis, radgan warmoadgens am mTavari kategoriebis

anu parametrebis gardaqmnas qvekategoriebad. isini uzrunvelyofs me-4 Tavsa da

danarTSi SemoTavazebuli ramdenime skalis ZiriTad struqturas. Ees ukanask-

neli yuradRebiT unda wavikiTxoT da gamoviyenoT im SemTxvevaSi, roca me-4

TavSi mocemuli terminebis mniSvneloba konteqsturad gaugebaria. rac Seexeba

meoTxe TavSi mocemul magaliTebsa da skalebs, isini, piriqiT, gvexmareba me-2

Tavis moculobrivi da detaluri teqstis gagebaSi.

2. 1. 1. individis zogadi kompetencia

Aam punqtSi Semotanili kategoriebi ufro detaluradaa gaSlili punqtSi

5.1. momxmareblebma yuradReba unda miaqcion aq gamoyenebul termins `kompeten-

cia~, rac amgvari saxiT Segvxvdeba mTlianad kompetenciebSi. Ees termini mig-

vaniSnebs ara imaze, Tu ramdenad kvalificiurad SeuZlia Semswavlels enis ga-

moyeneba, aramed exeba im codnas, unarebsa da midgomebs, romlebic safuZvlad

udevs enis gamoyenebas nebismier doneze. punqti 5.1 exeba iseT kompetencias, ro-

18

melic dakavSirebulia ara uSualod enasTan, aramed adamianuri qmedebis yvela

saxeobasTan komunikaciis CaTvliT. maTi ganviTareba da organizeba gonebrivad

mWidro kavSirSia TviT enis ganviTarebasa da organizebasTan.

2. 1. 2. sakomunikacio enis kompetencia

mocemuli punqti exeba im kategoriebs, romlebic ufro detaluradaa

gaSlili punqtSi 5.2 anu saubaria im kategoriebze, romlebic formalurad

ukavSirdeba enis struqturas (enobrivi) da gamoyenebas (sociolingvisturi da

pragmatuli).

2. 1. 3. enobrivi aqtivobebi

es punqti 2.1.4 da 2.1.5 erTad exeba me-4 TavSi ufro dawvrilebiT ganx-

ilul kategoriebs. maTi am punqtebSi ganxilvis Tanamimdevruloba ramdenadme

gansxvavdeba me-4 TavSi maTi warmodgenis Tanamimdevrobisagan, razec zegavlena

iqonia me-2 Tavis dasawyisSi maTi yuTis formis abzacSi warmodgenilma wyobam.

kerZod, aq davalebebsa da teqstebTan erTad ganxilulia strategiebi, me-4 TavSi

maTTan asocirebul aqtivobebTan erTad aris warmodgenili. Mmomxmarebeli aseve

SeamCnevs, rom gamomdinare im mniSvnelobidan, romelic eniWeba davalebebs mo-

qmedebaze orientirebuli midgomiT, me-7 Tavi eZRvneba maT rols enis Seswavlasa

da swavlebaSi.

2. 2. enis flobis zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi

mocemuli punqti asaxelebs yvela im motivs, romelic ganapirobebs enis

flobis skalirebisaTvis gamorCeuli mniSvnelobis miniWebas kompetenciebSi da

aqve amatebs oriode sityvas sifrTxilis TvalsazrisiT. Eenis swavla xan-

grZlivi procesia da mis dayofas mravalgvari gamarTleba moeZebneba, rogori-

caa kursis dagegmva da kvalifikaciis miniWeba. zogadi kompetenciebis dadgena

aris kompetenciebis Semotanis ZiriTadi gamamarTlebeli faqtori.

skalirebis principi sakmaod dawvrilebiTaa ganxiluli me-3 TavSi da

danarTebSi _ A da B. skalebi warmodgenilia mTel naSromSi, holisturi saxiT

me-3 TavSi, xolo kompetenciebis, davalebebisa da moRvaweobis gansazRvrul ti-

pebTan mimarTebaSi _ me-4 da me-5 TavebSi, agreTve, danarTebSi C da D.

2. 3. enis Seswavla da swavleba

es punqti Semoifargleba im sakiTxebis mimoxilviT, romlebic detalu-

radaa ganxiluli me-6, me-7 da me-8 TavebSi, igi kvlav ubrundeba pirvel Tavs da

kompetenciebis rogorc standartis deskrifciuli instrumentisa da evropis

sabWos politikis debulebaTa urTierTdamokidebulebas.

enobrivi Sefaseba

am punqtSi dasrulebuli saxiTaa warmodgenili im midgomis Sesavali an-

garis, romlis miznebi da Sinaarsi me-9 TavSia mocemuli. Aaqvea ganxiluli ev-

ropis enis portfolios (ELP) SemuSaveba, rac mokledaa warmodgenili 8.4.2 _

punqtSic. ELP iyenebs kompetenciebis doneebsa da deskriptorebs, raTa gviCvenos

mopovebuli kvalifikaciis SefardebiTi doneebi da imavdroulad megzuroba

gagviwios TviTSefasebis kuTxiT. ar gamovricxavT, rom kompetenciebis momx-

mareblebi ufro metad dainteresdnen ELP -is struqturiTa da funqciebiT.

19

Eevropis enobrivi portfolio

Eevropis sabWom axlaxan SeimuSava ELP-i, romlis meSveobiTac mTeli ev-

ropis masStabiT nebismieri asakisa da warmoSobis enis SemswavlelT SeuZliaT

aRnusxon sakuTari enobrivi SesaZleblobani da yvelanairi mniSvnelovani kul-

turuli gancda.

portfolio personaluri dokumentia, romelsac flobs da regularulad

aaxlebs Semswavleli. igi sami ganyofilebisagan Sedgeba:

sapasporto ganyofileba, romelic aRnusxavs enobriv kvalifikacias da

SesaZleblobebs (formaluri da araformaluri) saerTaSoriso doneze aRiare-

buli saxiT;

enobrivi da kulturuli biografiis ganyofileba, romelSic SemswavlelT

SeuZliaT aRweron enis codna da swavlisas miRebuli STabeWdilebebi rac

SeiZleba met enasTan mimarTebaSi.

dosie _ Semswavlelis mier gaweuli Sromis magaliTebis gansaTavseblad

miznad isaxavs ra adamianTa motivirebas enebis Sesaswavlad, rogorc for-

maluri ganaTlebis farglebSi, ise mis gareT, portfolio xels Seuwyobs ev-

ropaSi mobilurobasac, radgan is naTlad aRnusxavs adamianis enobriv SesaZle-

blobebs, rac am ukanasknels mniSvnelovnad gamoadgeba samuSao ganacxadis

Sevsebisas, romelime saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi Sesvlisas da a. S.

ELP-is nimuSebis akreditaciis wesebi SeTanxmda da akreditaciaze pasux-

ismgeblobis asaRebad kulturuli TanamSromlobis sabWos ganaTlebis ko-

mitetis xelmZRvanelobiT Seiqmna evropis validaciis komiteti. portfolio

amoqmeddeba 2001 _ evropis enaTa welSi. damatebiTi informacia portfolios

Sesaxeb xelmisawvdomi iqneba vebgverdze. amasobaSi Tqven SegiZliaT meti infor-

maciis mopoveba enobrivi politikis ganyofilebis vebgverdze: <http: / / culture.coe.int / portfolio>

nawili 3 _ zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi

es nawili gagrZelebaa 2.2 punqtisa, romelSic dasaxelebulia mizezebi

enis flobis zogadi kompetenciebis doneebis erTgvari nakrebis Sesaqmnelad. es

Tavi exeba enis flobis kriteriums, SemoTavazebuli doneebis raodenobasa da

definicias da im deskriptorebis Taviseburebas, romlebic gamoiyeneba doneebis

gansazRvrisa da im gzebis dasadgenad, romelTa meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli iqneba

am doneebis gamoyeneba:

3. 1. zogadi kompetenciebis doneebis deskriptorTa kriteriumebi

es punqti mokled mimoixilavs im ZiriTad sakiTxebs, romlebic dawvrile-

biTaa ganxiluli danarTebSi. is migviTiTebs, rom skalebi unda Seesabamebodes

Semswavlelebs, magram ar unda iyos zedmetad specifikuri, Tu isini saerTo

unda gaxdes mravali gansxvavebuli SemswavlelisaTvis. skalebi unda efuZne-

bodes Teoriul TvalTaxedvas da sityvierad imgvarad unda iyos gadmocemuli,

rom saSualeba misces momxmarebels Caswvdes maT da miusadagos isini sakuTar

konkretul situacias. deskriptorebis ganviTarebisa da maTi kriteriumebTan

Sesabamisobis uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa intuiciisa da amocanaTa validaciis

keTilgonivruli kombinireba.

20

3. 2. zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi

es punqti mokled mimoixilavs im eqvs dones, romelTa gamoyenebac unda

moxdes mravalmiznobrivad kompetenciebis farglebSi. aRniSnuli doneebi mimox-

ilulia evropis sabWos pirvandeli winadadebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. zogierTi

donis SemuSaveba moxda adreul etapze, roca muSaoba mimdinareobda SesaZlo

erTeul-sakredito sqemaze, evropaSi zrdasrulTa enis swavlis kuTxiT mopove-

buli miRwevis dagegmvisa da aRiarebisaTvis saTanado struqturis SeTavseba-

mxardaWerisaTvis. Aam proeqtidan gamomdinare, SemuSavda zRvruli done,

rogorc erTgvari mcdeloba enis flobis minimaluri donis detaluri de-

finiciisa, rac saSualebas miscemda enis Semswavlels emoqmeda damoukidebeli

agentis saxiT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi biznestranzaqciis, iseve, rogorc sxva

adamianebTan informaciisa da azrTa urTierTgacvlisaTvis. Ees minimumi sakmaod

momTxovni aRmoCnda, saWiroebda ra did saswavlo Zalisxmevas. zRvruli done

Zalze novaciuri iyo. Mman Semoitana funqcionalur-gagebiTi midgoma, gansaz-

Rvra ra, pirvel yovlisa, rogor unda emoqmeda Semswavlels enasTan mimarTe-

baSi da Semdgom, romeli ena iyo saWiro _ arsebiTad es aris kompetenciebSi ga-

moyenebuli moqmedebaze orientirebuli midgoma. zRvruli donis koncefcia,

Tavdapirvelad, inglisurTan mimarTebaSi iqna gamoyenebuli, xolo Semdgom

ocze meti evropuli enis SemTxvevaSic, romlebic aRnusxulia zogad biblio-

grafiaSi. zRvrul doneze mocemuli kategoriebi da eqsponentebi farTodaa

gaSlili me-4, me-5 TavebSi. Tumca zRvruli done (agreTve, enis safuZvlis da

zRvruli ganviTarebis doneebi, romlebic, Sesabamisad, uswrebs da mosdevs

zRvrul dones) ar iyo Cafiqrebuli yovlismomcveli nimuSis saxiT. igi war-

moadgenda gansazRvruli auditoriis aseve gansazRvrul amocanas.

3. 3. zogadi kompetenciebis doneebis prezentacia

es punqti warmoadgens sam Semajamebel, holistur cxrils, romlebic ukve

farTod gamoiyeneba zemoxsenebuli eqvsi donis kompaqturi daxasiaTebisaTvis,

romelTac efuZneba kompetenciebis damokidebuleba enis flobis sakiTxTan.

cxrili 1 ramdenime winadadebiT aRwers, Tu ris gageba da SemoTavazeba SeuZlia

Semswavlels TiToeul doneze, rac, ra Tqma unda, ver iqneba amomwuravi. in-

teraqcia da mediacia arasaTanadodaa mimoxiluli, iseve, rogorc pirobebi, ro-

melTa farglebSic Semswavleli SesZlebs konkretuli kriteriumis dakmayo-

filebas. Aaraferia naTqvami imaze, Tu ramdenad kargad Seasrulebs Semswavleli

imas, rac ukve gansazRvrulia. bevri ramaa Casamatebeli da asaxsneli, nawilo-

briv kompetenciebis sxva cxrilebis mixedviT, nawilobriv _ saRi azris praqti-

kaSi gatarebiT momxmareblis gadmosaxedidan. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom Tun-

dac Sekvecili ganmarteba imisa, Tu ra SeuZlia rigiT Semswavlels akeTos Ti-

Toeul doneze, fasdaudebelia rogorc amosavali wertili, rogorc saZirkvlis

qva zednaSenis molodinSi.

cxrili 2 ganavrcobs cxrils 1, gamoyofs ra oTx unars da Semoaqvs zepiri in-

teraqcia. Ees cxrili yvelaze farTod gamoyenebadia, gansakuTrebiT ELP-is

mflobelTa mier TviTSefasebis mizniT.

cxrili 3 axasiaTebs aRniSnul eqvs dones enis flobis Sefasebis ramdenadme

klasikuri kriteriumebis mixedviT: speqtri _ is leqsikuri da gramatikuli re-

sursebi, romlebic gaaCnia Semswavlels, sizuste _ unari am resursebis ucvle-

lad da uSecdomod gamoyenebisa, enis Tavisufali floba _ unari am resursebis

realur droSi gamoyenebisa saubris normaluri riTmiTa da intonaciiT war-

marTvisaTvis, rasac ar axlavs Seyovnebebi, gaumarTavi dawyeba da a. S. in-

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teraqcia _ unari saubris imgvarad warmarTvisa, rom partniors ar Seeqmnas sa-

komunikacio problemebi, da Tanamimdevruloba _ unari, romelic saSualebas

aZlevs Semswavlels srulad gamoiyenos aRniSnuli resursebi integrirebuli

saubrisaTvis.

3. 4. ilustraciuli deskriptorebi

es punqti warmoaCens im deskriptorebis maxasiaTeblebsa da saTaves, rom-

lebic gansazRvrulia cxrilebSi, enis flobis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis de-

finiciisaTvis.

3. 5. fleqsiuroba danawilebiT midgomaSi

es mniSvnelovani punqti oTxi magaliTis gamoyenebiT, gviCvenebs Tu rogor SeiZleba sabazo eqvs doniani sqemis ganvrcoba (an Semcireba), rom ufro (nak-lebi) zedmiwevniT moxdes calkeul SemswavlelTa diferenciacia, ris saSuale-basac aRniSnuli eqvsdoniani sistema ar iZleva. magaliTad, enis Seswavlis Se-darebiT sawyis etapebze eiforia, romelic iwvevs adamianis mier sakuTar TavSi komunikaciis damyarebis unaris aRmoCenas, xSirad icvleba depresiiT, rom gadasalaxia veeberTela mTa da progresi mcirea, an saerTod ar aris. Mmoti-vaciis SenarCuneba ufro advili iqneba, Tu moxdeba moklevadiani miznebis das-axva da maTi miRwevis Secnoba. aRniSnuli moklevadiani miznebi SesaZlebelia erTad moeqces eqvsdoniani sqemis erT romelime rgolSi. calkeul saswavlo dawesebulebas ki SeuZlia maTi dayofa ufro mcire nawilebad. kompetenciebi ar cdilobs Sualeduri doneebis gansazRvras, romelTa raodenoba faqtiurad, ganusazRvrelia, es TviT saswavlo dawesebulebis kompetenciaa, Tu is isarge-blebs me-4 _ me-7 TavebSi aRwerili sakmaod mZlavri aparatiT.

damatebiTi problema iqmneba eqvsdoniani sistemis zeda safexurze. Ddone C1 ar warmoadgens miuRwevadi srulyofilebis ideals, aramed aris umaRlesi safexuri, romlis miRwevis amocanad dasaxva zogadi enis kursebsa da sajaro gamocdebze, sakmaod praqtikulia. Ees asec iqneboda, rom ara erTi garemoeba. zogierTi saswavlo dawesebuleba, romelic dainteresebulia enis umaRles profesiul doneze flobis sakiTxiT, Tavad awesebs aseT doneze kvalifikaciis kriteriumebs, an ufro metic, SeimuSavebs specializebul modulebs imis nacv-lad, rom mimarTos amocanaTa holistur definicias. aseT SemTxvevaSi savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom maT done C1 cenzad wamouyenon saswavlo dawesebulebaSi SemsvlelT da mimarTon me-4 _ me-7 TavebSi mocemul taqsonomiur aparats mod-ulebis Sinaarsis definiciisaTvis.

asea Tu ise, am punqtis mizania dagvanaxos, rom pasuxi kiTxvaze, `ramdeni done?~ Riad rCeba. Eeqvsdoniani sistema Seesabameba am sferoSi arsebul zogad praqtikas msxvilmasStabiani gagebiT da sakmarisad diferencirebulia imisaTvis, rom saSualeba misces saswavlo dawesebulebebs masze dayrdnobiT moaxdinon dayofa. Aar arsebobs aranairi ganzraxva saswavlo dawesebulebebisaTvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvisa, maTive studentebis interesebidan gamomdinare.

3. 6. Sinaarsis Tanamimdevruloba zogadi kompetenciebis doneebze es punqti sakmaod dawvrilebiT aRwers eqvsive dones da sam Sualedur

dones (A2+, B1+ da B2+) im farglebSi, romlebsac moicavs enis safuZvlis, zRvruli da zRvruli ganviTarebuli doneebi, radgan am doneebze bevri (gansa-kuTrebiT zrdasruli) Semswavlelia.

3. 7. rogor wavikiTxoT ilustraciuli deskriptorebis skalebi es punqti, ZiriTadad or problemas exeba: a) Tanamimdevrul doneebze

arsebuli deskriptorebi SeiZleba ver sazRvravdes aRwerilobis igive parame-trebs; aseT SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes imis dadgena, Tu ramdenad xdeba SedarebiT dabal safexurze kriteriumis dakmayofileba; b) bevri cxrili

22

arasruli saxisaa. zogierT doneze deskriptorebi SemoTavazebuli ar aris, Tumca dasaxelebulia mizezebi da aseT SemTxvevebTan gamklavebis variantebi.

3. 8. rogor visargebloT enis flobis deskriptorebiT es punqti hyofs rogorc momxmareblebs, ise miznebs, rac ganapirobebs maT

mier zogadi kompetenciebis doneebiT sargeblobas.

3. 9. enis flobis doneebi da miRwevebis Sefaseba es punqti ganixilavs doneebs Soris kavSirs, romlebic aweseben amo-

canebsa da kriteriumebs dadebiTi / uaryofiTi miRwevebis TvalsazrisiT da Se-fasebas, rac Tavis mxriv, axdens SemswavlelTa kvalificirebas, maT mier krite-riumebis dakmayofilebisa da amocanaTa Sesrulebisas miRweuli warmatebis xarisxis mixedviT.

nawili 4 _ enis gamoyeneba da enis momxmarebeli /

Semswavleli

Ppirveli sami Sesavali da ganmartebiTi Tavis Semdeg, Tavi 4 kategoriebis

SedarebiT ufro detalur sqemas mimarTavs, enis gamoyenebisa da enis

momxmareblis aRwerisaTvis. momxmareblebisaTvis xelsayreli iqneba, Tvali

gadaavlon am Tavis Sinaarsis Semcvel cxrils, rac metad daaCqarebs

SinaarsTan gacnobas.

4.1. enis gamoyenebis konteqsti

4.1.1 sferoebi

4.1.2 situaciebi

4.1.3 pirobebi da SezRudvebi

4.1.4 momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mentaluri konteqsti

4.1.5 Tanamosaubris / TanamosaubreTa mentaluri konteqsti

4.2 sakomunikacio Temebi

4.3 komunikaciis amocanebi da miznebi

4.4 sakomunikacio enobrivi aqtivobebi da strategiebi

4.4.1 produqtiuli

4.4.1.1 zepiri producireba (laparaki)

4.4.1.2. werilobiTi producireba (wera)

4.4.2 recefciuli

4.4.2.1 msmenelobiTi recefcia (mosmena)

4.4.2.2. vizualuri recefcia (kiTxva)

4.4.2.3. audio-vizualuri recefcia

4.4.3 interaqtiuli

4.4.3.1 zepiri interaqcia

4.4.3.2 werilobiTi interaqcia

4.4.4 mediacia

4.5 sakomunikacio enobrivi procesebi

4.5.1 dagegmva

5.5.2 aRsruleba

4.5.2.1. producireba

4.5.2.2. recefcia

4.5.2.3. interaqcia

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4.5.3. monitoringi

4.5.4. praqtikuli qmedebebi

4.5.5 paralingvisturi yofaqceva

4.5.6. parateqstualuri Tvisebebi

4.6. teqstebi

4.6.1 saSualebebi

4.6.2 Janrebi da teqstis tipebi

4.6.2.1 sasaubro teqstebi

4.6.2.2 werilobiTi teqstebi

moqmedebaze orientirebuli midgomis Tanaxmad, enis Semswavleli enis

momxmareblad gardaqmnis procesSia, ase rom orivesTan mimarTebaSi kategoriaTa

erTi da igive nakrebi gamoiyeneba. Tumca, aqve unda gakeTdes erTi mniSvnelovani

modifikacia. Aadamiani, romelic swavlobs meore an ucxo enasa da kulturas,

kompetenturi rCeba mSobliur enasa da masTan asocirebul kulturaSi. Aarc ax-

ali kompetencia emijneba Zvels bolomde. Aadamiani ara mxolod eufleba or

gansxvavebul, erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel samoqmedo da sakomunikacio gzas.

Eenis Semswavleli SeimuSavebs interkulturulobasa da plurilingvizms. Ti-

Toeuli enis gadmosaxedidan enobrivi da kulturuli kompetenciebi modifi-

cirdeba sxva enis codniT da sakuTari wvlili Seaqvs kulturaTaSoris cno-

bierebaSi, unarebsa da nouhauSi, iseve rogorc pirovnul zrdasa da kompleqsu-

robaSi. Semswavlels eZleva kidev ufro gazrdili SesaZlebloba enis Semdgomi

swavlisaTvis da ufro didi sajarooba axali kulturuli gancdebisaTvis.

Aaseve Cndeba mediaciis unari, interpretaciisa da Targmanis saSualebiT, or

sxvadasxva enaze molaparake adamians Soris, romelTac ar ZaluZT uSualo ko-

munikacia. ra Tqma unda, garkveuli adgili eTmoba aseT aqtivobas (4.4.4) da kom-

petenciebs (5.1.1.3,5.1.2.2 da 5.1.1.4), rac ganasxvavebs enis Semswavlels mSobliur

enaze molaparake erTenovani adamianisagan.

SekiTxvebis yuTebi. Aam etapidan dawyebuli, yovel punqts eqneba yuTi, ro-

melSic kompetenciebis momxmarebels saSualeba eqneba ganixilos dasmuli Se-

kiTxvebi da saWiroebisamebr upasuxos kidec romelime maTgans. Aalternatiuli

frazebi `saWiroebs / aris~, ùzrunvelyofilia / aris~ da `moeTxoveba~ exeba

Seswavlas, swavlebasa da Sefasebas. yuTi Sinaarsobrivad ufro mosawvevia,

vidre instruqcia kompetenciebis aradireqtiuli xasiaTis xazgasasmelad. Tu

momxmarebeli miiCnevs, rom mTlianad esa Tu is nawili ar Sedis misi interese-

bis sferoSi, saWiro ar aris aRniSnuli nawilis farglebSi yvela danayofis

detalurad ganxilva. Tumca, gamovTqvamT varauds, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi, kom-

petenciebis momxmarebeli Caufiqrdeba TiToeul yuTSi dasmul SekiTxvas da

garkveul gadawyvetilebebsac miiRebs. Tu miRebuli gadawyvetileba

mniSvnelovania, savsebiT SesaZlebelia misi formulireba mowodebuli katego-

riebisa da magaliTebis gamoyenebiT, saWiroebisamebr Sevseba xelT arsebuli

miznisaTvis.

enis gamoyenebasa da enis momxmarebelTan dakavSirebiT analizis gakeTeba,

rac mocemulia me-4 TavSi, arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa kompetenciebiT sargeblo-

bisaTvis, radgan gvTavazobs kategoriebisa da parametrebis erTgvar struqtu-

ras, romelmac saSualeba unda misces enis swavlaSi, swavlebasa da SefasebaSi

monawile yvela pirs ganixilos, sasurveli detalurobiTa da konkretuli ter-

minebiT Camoayalibos sakuTari molodini imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ras moimo-

qmedebs uSualod masTan SexebaSi myofi enis Semswavleli enis swavlisas, an ra

unda icodes am ukanasknelma samoqmedod. Aanalizis mizania yovlismomcveli da

ra Tqma unda, ara amomwuravi mimoxilva. Kkursis, saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebs,

maswavleblebsa da gamomcdelebs mouwevT Zalze detaluri, konkretuli gadawy-

vetilebebis miReba teqstebis, savarjiSoebis, aqtivobebisa da testebis Taobaze.

am procesis dayvana winaswar gansazRvruli menius SerCevamde, verasodes iqneba

SesaZlebeli. gadawyvetilebis done dainteresebulma praqtikosebma unda gan-

sazRvron sakuTari gansjiTa da SemoqmedebiTi midgomiT. Tumca, unda moiZion aq

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warmodgenili enis gamoyenebisa da kompetenciis yvela ZiriTadi aspeqti Sem-

dgomi gaTvaliswinebisaTvis. amgvarad, me-4 Tavis zogadi struqtura sakon-

trolo furclis erTgvari nairsaxeobaa da swored amitom aris mocemuli Tavis

dasawyisSi. momxmareblebs vurCevT gaecnon am zogad struqturas da gamoiyenon

is, roca sakuTar TavTan aseTi kiTxvebi uCndebaT:

SemiZlia im sferoebis prognozireba, romelTa farglebSic imoqmedeben

Cemi moswavleebi an im situaciebisa, romelTaTvisac mouwevT Tavis garTmeva? Tu

es asea, ra roli unda Seasrulon maT? ra kategoriis xalxTan eqnebaT urTier-

Toba? rogori iqneba maTi pirveladi da profesiuli urTierTobebi ama Tu im

institucionalur CarCoebSi? ra obieqtebis gamoyeneba dasWirdebaT? ra davale-

bebis Sesruleba mouwevT? rogori Temebis damuSaveba dasWirdebaT? ra saxis ma-

salebs mousmenen an waikiTxaven? rogori iqneba maTi samoqmedo pirobebi?

samyaros an sxva kulturis Sesaxeb arsebuli ra codnis moxmoba mouwevT? ra

unarebis ganviTareba dasWirdebaT? rogor unda moaxerxon sakuTari `me~_s Sen-

arCuneba ise, rom arasworad ar gaugon? ra moculobis iqneba Cemi pasuxismge-

bloba yvelafer amasTan mimarTebaSi? Tuki ar SemiZlia im situaciaTa prog-

nozireba, romlebSic Semswavlelebs mouwevT enis gamoyeneba, rogor movaxerxo

maTi momzadeba komunikaciisaTvis enis gamoyenebaSi ise, rom momzadeba gadaWar-

bebuli ar aRmoCndes iseT garemoebebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic SesaZloa ara-

sodes dadges? ra SeiZleba mivawodo iseTi, rac yovelTvis Rirebuli iqneba ra

kuTxiTac ar unda warimarTos maTi kariera?

cxadia, kompetenciebi yvela CamoTvlil SekiTxvas ver upasuxebs. Ees imiT

aixsneba, rom pasuxebi mTlianad damokidebulia swavla / swavlebis situaciis

srulad Sefasebaze da pirvel yovlisa, _ SemswavlelTa moTxovnebze, motivaci-

aze, Tvisebebsa da resursebze, agreTve, sxva dainteresebul mxareebze, rac mra-

valferovnebis aucileblobiT aixsneba. Tavi 4 iRebs funqcias _ imgvarad wa-

moayenos es problema, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes aRniSnuli sakiTxebis ganxilva,

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ debatireba gamWvirvaled da racionalurad, da yvela

monawile pirisaTvis gadawyvetilebaTa cxadad da konkretulad miwodeba.

enis gamoyenebis konteqsti

didi xania cnobilia, rom ena gamoyenebaSi mniSvnelovnad icvleba kon-

teqsturi moTxovnebis mixedviT. Aam TvalsazrisiT, ena ar warmoadgens, maTe-

matikis msgavsad, fiqris neitralur instruments. Kkomunikaciis aucilebloba

da survili Cndeba konkretul situaciaSi da TviT komunikaciis forma da Si-

naarsi aRniSnuli situaciis Sesabamisia. Aaqedan gamomdinare, me-4 Tavis pirveli

nawili eZRvneba konteqstis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs.

4. 1. 1. sferoebi

sferos koncefcia mravalmxriv mniSvnelovania. Tuki cnobilia romel

sferoSi / sferoebSi mouwevs Semsrulebels enis gamoyeneba, SesaZlebelia

amisda mixedviT Temebis, aqtivobebis, davalebebisa da teqstebis SerCeva, rac

Tavidan agvacilebs zedmet swavlas. meore mxriv, garemoebebi cvalebadia da

veranairi swavla ver iqneba ise zedmeti, rogorc specializebuli codnis

gadaWarbebuli doziT miReba im sferoSi, romelsac Semswavleli ukan Camoi-

tovebs. Aaq Semotanili speqtri sakmaod farToa.

4. 1. 2. situaciebi

situaciebis sxvadasxva komponentebi cxrilSi magaliTebis meSveobiTaa

ilustrirebuli, rac gviCvenebs Tu ramdenadaa damokidebuli situaciebsa da

sferoebze Cveni mxridan sxva adamianebis, sagnebis da movlenebis gageba. ma-

galiTebi, raRa Tqma unda, britanul kulturas miesadageba. Bbevri magaliTi ga-

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moyenebadia sxva evropul sazogadoebasTan mimarTebaSic, magram nebismier

SemTxvevaSi, momxmareblebs mouwevT dafiqsireba da gadawyvetilebis miReba maTi

konkretuli situaciisa da am situaciaSi figurirebadi adgilebis, institute-

bis da a. S. mixedviT. Mmomxmarebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos isic, rom es danay-

ofi kavSirSia im konteqstTanac, romelSic ena gamoiyeneba. Aaseve, yuradsaRebia

erTi faqtoric, rom situacia arasodes aris statikuri; is dinamiuri koncef-

ciaa, romelsac forma monawileTa interaqciiT eniWeba.

4. 1. 3. pirobebi da SezRudvebi es punqti Segvaxsenebs, rom Semswavlelis, iseve rogorc enis sxva momx-

marebelTa qmedeba, mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli mis samoqmedo pirobebze. ra Tqma unda, es magaliTebi amomwuravi ver iqneba da amitom, sasurvelia, momx-mareblebma ifiqron im pirobebsa da SezRudvebze, romlebsac SeuZliaT studen-tis swavlis unarze da mis mier testirebisas da gamocdebze enis flobis sru-lad gacnobierebaze zegavlenis moxdena. magaliTad moyvanilia mfrinavebis treningi enaSi, rac TvalsaCinos xdis momxmareblebisaTvis, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania sakomunikacio situaciebis realobaTa winaswar ganWvreta im etapze, roca adamiani swavlobs maTTan efeqturad gamklavebis saSualebebs.

4. 1. 4. momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mentaluri konteqsti

konteqsti ar aris ubralod gare fizikuri da socialuri pirobebi, ro-

melTa farglebSic xdeba komunikacia. ukve aRvniSneT, rom auditoriis ori

wevric ki erTnairad ver `gaigebs~ erTsa da imave leqcias. Oori moswavlis

SemTxvevaSic, gansxvavebuli iqneba erTi da imave gakveTilis aRqma. Yyoveli

Cvengani, sakuTari gamocdilebisa da molodinebis mixedviT, gansxvavebulad

reagirebs gare faqtorebze. Aaqedan gamomdinare, zemoxsenebuli mosazrebani sa-

Tanado magaliTebTan erTad, mxedvelobaSia misaRebi kursisa da gakveTilis

dagegmvisas. rogorc maswavleblebi, ise gamomcdelebi TanagrZnobiT unda

miudgnen, magaliTad, personalur WrilSi iseT faqtze diskusiebs, rogoricaa

ojaxuri cxovreba, radgan es SeiZleba mtkivneuli iyos enis iseTi Semswav-

lelisaTvis, romelsac ojaxi daengra an axlobeli adamiani daeRupa. agreTve,

mkveTrma cvlilebebma TematikaSi, SesaZloa Semswavlelis dezorientacia ga-

moiwvios, ris gamoc am ukanasknels sakmaod gauWirdeba saubris dakarguli

Zafis povna, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca mas saubars uadgilod awyvetineben da

saTanado makompensirebeli strategiebi ver gamoiyeneba.

4. 1. 5. Tanamosaubris / TanamosaubreTa mentaluri konteqsti

ar SeiZleba SemovifargloT momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mxolod men-

taluri maxasiaTeblebisa da aqtivobis gaTvaliswinebiT. saklaso oTaxSi in-

teraqcia maswavleblebsa da moswavleebs, TviT moswavleebs Soris, iseve

rogorc zepir gamomcdelsa da kandidatebs Soris jgufuri testirebisas, au-

cileblad moicavs pirovnebaTaSoris urTierTobebis Camoyalibebasa da ganvi-

Tarebas. Tu es procesi cudad warimarTeba, SesaZlo pirovnuli SeuTavseblobis

gamo, SeiZleba swavla Seferxdes da testirebamac arasaxarbielo Sedegebi mog-

vces. Mmeore mxriv, damTmobi bunebis kandidatma, romelic flobs SeTanxmebis

miRwevis erTgvar xerxs, SesaZloa sakmaod TvalSisacemi STabeWdileba moaxdi-

nos enis gagebisa da flobis kuTxiT.

26

4. 2. sakomunikacio Temebi

mniSvnelovania Temebis gamocalkeveba davalebebisa da miznebisagan. A ma-

galiTad, dasaqmeba da sayidlebze siaruli, rogorc socialuri aqtivobebi,

SesaZlebelia Seswavlil iqnes profesiul da sazogadoebriv sferoebSi. maSin

kiTxva ase JRers: rogor vamzadebT Semswavlelebs enis efeqturad da saTanadod

gamoyenebisaTvis samsaxurSi, an saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SesaZenad? Tumca aR-

saniSnavia, rom dasaqmeba da sayidlebi SeiZleba iyos piraduli saubris Tema

maSin, roca adamianebi erTmaneTs uziareben informaciasa da mosazrebebs, ma-

galiTad, Tavis rCenaze, zamTris fasdaklebaze da a. S. Sesabamisad,

mniSvnelovania ganvasxvavoT emociuri mdgomareobebis uSualo gamoxatva da

manera, romliTac adamianebi maTze saubroben. Zlier depresiaSi myofma adamianma

SeiZleba Zalze naRvlianad isaubros warsul bednierebaze. Aamitom, gansxvaveba

akademiuri xasiaTis iqneba. Tu adamiani ambobs: `dRes bednieri var~, is albaT

aRwers da gamoxatavs kidec sakuTar emociur mdgomareobas. Mmeore mxriv, Tu

igive adamiani ambobs: `guSin Zalze bednieri viyavi~, savaraudod, am sityvebiT is

am momentisaTvis mis ubedurebas gamoxatavs! Mmozardebi, zogadi ganaTlebis

etapze, romlebmac jer kidev ar ician ra aris Sromis samyaro, aqtiurad ara-

sodes isaubreben dasaqmebis Temaze, sxvadasxva profesiebisa da xelobaTa

plius-minusebis ganxilviT.

me-7 TavSi mocemuli Tematuri klasifikacia zRvrul doneze (zRvruli

done 1990) sakmao zegavlenis mqone aRmoCnda da SeiZleba Semdgomac iqnes gamo-

yenebuli momxmareblis mier. Tumca, kompetenciebis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli Temebi

SerCeulia konkretuli auditoriis mosalodneli moTxovnebisa da interesebis

mixedviT, rac gansazRvrulia kidec me-2 TavSi. gamomdinare iqidan, rom sabazo

ganaTlebis etapze myofi bavSvebis interesebi ramdenadme gansxvavebulia, do-

qtorma van eqma SemogvTavaza specifikuri cnebebis modificirebuli sqema naS-

romSi `zRvruli done skolebisaTvis~ . saerTod, Temebisa da qveTemebis SerCeva

unda moxdes konkretuli auditoriis moTxovnebis, motivaciisa da Tavisebure-

baTa gaTvaliswinebiT. am mxriv mocemulia ramdenime magaliTi.

4. 3. sakomunikacio davalebebi da miznebi

4. 3. 1. momxmareblebs vurCevT es punqti 7.1-7.3 punqtebis paralelurad wai-

kiTxon, radgan isini am Temas ufro siRrmiseulad da dawvrilebiT ganixilavs.

4. 3. 2. sakomunikacio davalebebisa da miznebis amsaxvel damatebiT ma-

galiTebs momxmarebeli gaecnoba me-7 TavSi _ zRvruli done 1990 da zRvruli

ganviTarebuli done. Ees doneebi SesaZloa nimuSebad gamoviyenoT imis dasa-

zusteblad, Tu rogor unda imoqmedon Semswavlelebma momxmareblebis msgavsad

iq warmodgenil sferoebSi.

4. 3. 3. aRsaniSnavia, rom kompetenciebma unda gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod

informaciisa da azrTa gacvliT yoveldRiuri cxovrebis warmarTvis mizani,

aramed mravali enis swavlebis mizanic. Aaqedan gamomdinare, punqti 4.3.3. exeba

TviT enis swavlebis procesSi davalebaTa rols da gvTavazobs ramdenime sa-

kiTxs, romelTa mixedviTac SesaZlebelia maTi dagegmva da mowodeba.

4. 3. 4 enis TamaSebis kuTxiT gamoyeneba

enis TamaSis kuTxiT gamoyeneba xSirad gvxvdeba, enis swavlebaSi ufro

seriozuli miznebidan droebiT gadaxvevisaTvis. Tumca, igi Zalze mniSvnelovan

rols asrulebs mSobliuri enis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, axdens ra

yuradRebis koncentrirebas TviT enaze. enobrivi TamaSebi damaxasiaTebelia

27

zrdasrulTa gasarTobi aqtivobebisaTvisac da metwilad satelevizio garTobis

sferoSi figurirebs. Gganaxlebuli informaciisaTvis ixileT Cook,G c (2000) lan-guage pley, Language play, language learning. Oxford, OUP.

4. 3. 5 enis esTetikuri gamoyeneba

esTetikuri aqtivobebi meryeobs, martivi riTmebisa da simRerebis gamo-

yenebidan maRali donis literaturuli xelovnebis dafasebamde. magaliTebi

cxadyofs, rom orive kategoria sakuTar adgils poulobs ganaTlebasa da mis

farglebs miRma, adamianis cxovrebis yvela etapze. am punqtis mizani ar aris

ganixilos ucxo enis swavlisas literaturis Seswavlis sakiTxebi da kul-

turaTaSoris kompetenciebis ganviTareba, is ubralod Semoifargleba saTanado

aqtivobis identificirebiTa da magaliTad moyvaniT. momxmareblebma, romelTac

gansakuTrebiT ainteresebT aRniSnuli sakiTxebi, unda ganixilon punqti 4.3.5.

4. 4. sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebi da strategiebi es punqti erT-erTi yvelaze moculobiTia da me-4 TavSi aqtivobebi, termi-

nologiuri TvalsazrisiT, unda gaemijnos davalebebsa da miznebs. aRniSnuli termini moicavs oTx farTod gamoyenebad unars: metyveleba, mosmena, kiTxva da wera, magram isini gansxvavebul WrilSia ganxiluli. vmuSaobT ra moqmedebaze orientirebuli midgomiT, migvaCnia, rom TviT unari ki ar aris moqmedeba, aramed ama Tu im moqmedebis Sesasruleblad saWiro monacemTa erTobliobaa. amasTan, unarebi, rogorc kompetenciis aspeqti, ganxilulia me-5 TavSi. Sesabamisad, aqtivobebi ukavSirdeba moqmedebaTa tips. erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvavebT rogorc recefciul da produqtiul aqtivobebs, ise aqtivobebs, romlebic moicavs audialur da vizualur faqtorebs. Aamgvarad iqmneba Cveulebrivi oTxi elemen-tisagan Semdgari klasifikacia.

aseve gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan erTi mimarTulebis aqtivobebi, romelTa

farglebSic momxmarebeli / Semswavleli mxolod gadmoscems an aRiqvams sasau-

bro / werilobiT teqsts, da aqtivobebi, romlebic momxmarebels / Semswavlels

erTdroulad aniWebs gadmocemisa da mimRebis funqcias. terminebi: mosmena,

kiTxva, metyveleba da wera erTi mimarTulebis aqtivobebisaTvis gvaqvs gaTval-

iswinebuli. Mmeore kategoriasTan mimarTebaSi, vacalkevebT interaqtiul

aqtivobebs, romelTa farglebSic Tanamosaubreebs Soris verbaluri urTierT-

gacvlaa (magaliTad, saubari) da mediaciur aqtivobebs, rac momxmarebels /

Semswavlels ubralod sakomunikacio arxis funqcias aniWebs sxva monawileeb-

Tan mimarTebaSi (magaliTad, Tarjimani). gamomdinare iqidan, rom es aqtivobebi

Zalze gansxvavebuli xasiaTisaa, rasac magaliTebic cxadyofs, sasargeblodac

ki migvaCnia maTi gancalkeveba. Yyoveli maTgani gansxvavebul midgomas saWiroebs

Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebisas. amas Tan axlavs gansxvavebuli saxis

testebic. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis Semdgomi ganxilvisaTvis, ix. punqti 4.6.4. pun-

qtebi 4.4.1-4.4.4 exeba gadmocemas, recefcias, interaqciasa da mediacias da xdeba

maTi klasificireba qve-punqtebad, rac moicavs metyvelebasa da werasac. yvela

SemTxvevaSi, Tavdapirvelad xdeba aqtivobis definicia, Semdeg mowodebulia

sxvadasxva aqtivobebis tipebi kategoriebis mixedviT. Bbolos mocemulia konk-

retul aqtivobaSi kvalificiurobis amsaxveli skalebi da im strategiaTa anal-

izi, romelTac enis momxmarebeli iyenebs aqtivobis kuTxiT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom aq strategia gulisxmobs enis momxmareblis mentalur

operaciebs, rac Semdgom aqtivobaSi gamoiyeneba. strategia ar Semoifargleba im

gzebiT, romelTa saSualebiTac xdeba barierebis gadalaxva da warmatebulad

komunikacia.

punqti 4.4.5. eZRvneba araverbalur komunikacias. Mmoqmedebaze orientire-

buli midgoma enas erTi mTliani sakomunikacio movlenis aspeqtad ganixilavs,

romlis farglebSic xdeba monawileTa Soris informaciis gacvla da yvela

28

xelmisawvdomi saSualebiT urTierTgagebis miRweva. Ggamomdinare iqidan, rom

xSirad ena ar aris gamoyenebadi komunikaciis erTaderTi saSualeba, es punqti

ganixilavs im praqtikul moqmedebebsac, romlebic SeiZleba enis Tanamdevi iyos

da ganapirobebdes gamoyenebis modificirebas. agreTve, yuradRebas vamaxvilebT

paralingvistur yofaqcevaze, romelis moicavs sxeulis enas, sametyvelo bgerebs

da xmis maxasiaTeblebs _ yvela maTgani enobrivi sistemis farglebs miRmaa da

Tavadvea mimaniSnebeli. inglisur enaSi, magaliTad, enis wklapuniT gadmocemuli

xmebi fonemas ar qmnis (sityvis Cveulebrivi fonetikuri nawili) magram mcired

ukmayofilebas gamoxatavs. eqstralingvisturi sametyvelo bgerebi Znelad eqvem-

debareba Cveulebriv marTlweras. Mmomxmareblebi, romlebic icnoben saerTaSo-

riso fonetikur anbans, amas SeamCnevdnen mocemul magaliTebSi.

bevri Semswavleli, gansakuTrebiT enis Seswavlis sawyis stadiebze, roca

enobrivi resursebi SezRudulia, cdilobs es resursebi mniSvnelobis gadmo-

sacemad gamoiyenos, magram aRsaniSnavia isic, rom mniSvneloba da komunikaciis

paralingvisturi saSualebebi yvela sazogadoebis SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebulia,

yovelTvis ar Tavsdeba enobriv sazRvrebSi da bolomde sarwmuno ar aris.

Aaranairad SevxebivarT niSnebis enas, amitom evropis sabWo siamovnebiT

iTanamSromlebs am sferoSi moRvawe mkvlevrebsa da praqtikosebTan, maTTan kom-

petenciebis misadagebis TvalsazrisiT.

punqti 4.4.5.3. paralingvistikasTan analogiis gziT, exeba e.w. `parateqstu-

alur~ maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba xelnawer da nabeWd teqstebSi

sityvebis xazgasasmelad an calkeuli frazebisa da winadadebebis damajgufe-

beli da SedarebiTi mniSvnelobis misaxvedrad. Sesabamisad, ilustraciebi, sqe-

mebi, cxrilebi da a. S. emsaxureba mniSvnelobis gadmocemasa da informaciis mi-

wodebas ufro ekonomiurad an konkretulad, araTanamimdevrul teqstTan Se-

darebiT.

4. 5. sakomunikacio enis procesebi

komunikaciis warmatebuli aqti kompleqsuri procesia, moicavs movlenaTa

mTel jaWvs. Mmetyvelebisa da weris producireba da recefcia moiTxovs

maRalunariani aqtivobebis (mentaluri da fizikuri) Tanamimdevrobas, roca

mSobliur enaze saubrobs zrdasruli adamiani, procesi gluvad da metwilad

gaucnobiereblad mimdinareobs. Cveulebriv, ufro maRalkognituri dagegmva da

interpretaciuli unarebi moicavs cnobier arCevansa da manipulacias. aR-

niSnuli procesebi Cveni yuradRebis centrSi ZiriTadad maSin xvdeba, roca

patarebi iviTareben saWiro unars an roca _ tvinis travmirebis Sedegad _ isini

irRveva cxovrebis Semdgom etapze. farTo gagebiT, komunikaciis procesebi da

unarTa gamoyenebiT moqmedebaTa Tanamimdevruloba fsiqo-lingvisturi kvlevis

obieqtia. AmagaliTad, kvleva metyvelebis Sesaxeb mocemulia xuTasgverdian naS-

romSi `metyveleba: ganzraxvidan gamoTqmamde~ _ avtori v. j. m. levelTi. Se-

darebiT ufro martiv monaxazs gvTavazoben p. denesi da e. pinsoni naSromSi

`saubris jaWvi~. roca xdeba aramSobliuri enis Seswavla, aRniSnuli procesebi

moiTxovs xelaxla programirebas, xolo unarebi _ xelaxla Seswavlas. Ees

ukanaskneli nawilobriv gaadvilebulia da nawilobriv ferxdeba ukve arsebuli

da rutinad qceuli unarebis gamo. Mmoqmedebebi da reaqciebi ufro cnobieri,

neli da nakleb sandoa. Ggardauvalia erTgvari daZabuloba, rasac iwvevs pro-

ducireba _ recefciis procesebis kontrolisas mzardi kompetenciebi da

mzardi unari. Aamitomac, zogierTi enis normalurad mcodne Semswavleli, ver

axerxebs mis praqtikul gamoyenebas, maSin, roca sxvebi Tavisuflad da uSecdo-

mod metyveleben, radgan maTi mwiri codna enisa kontrols miRma rCeba. Ti-

Toeuli Semswavlelis TaviseburebaTa da moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, saWiroa

enis swavlis / swavlebis programasa da SefasebaSi, unarebis ganviTarebasa da

kompetenciebis gafarToebas Soris saTanado balansis damyareba.

29

punqti 4. 5. mimoixilavs yvela im unars, romelic gamoiyeneba enis pro-

ducirebis, recefciisa da interaqciis dagegmvis, aRsrulebisa da monitoringis

procesSi. aRniSnuli punqti wakiTxul unda iqnes 4.4 punqtTan erTad, romelic

strategiebs exeba.

4. 6. teqstebi

komunikaciis aqtSi teqsti lingvisturi artefaqtia, romelic monawileebs

akavSirebs. is gamoaqvs produqtiul process da Seaqvs recefciul process,

xolo interaqtiuli procesis SemTxvevaSi TanamonawileTa alternatiuli

wvlilis Tanamimdevruloba (mag. dialogi) aseve erT teqstad ganixileba.

teqstebi (sasaubro da werilobiTi) komunikaciis nebismieri aqtisaTvis

gadamwyvetia, radgan warmoadgens movlenaTa jaWvis erTaderT xilul rgols.

teqstebi aucilebelia enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaSic, gamomdinare iqidan, rom

Semswavlelebs ZiriTadad, moeTxovebaT maTi gadmocema da gageba. eWvs ar badebs

isic, rom teqsti mniSvnelovania SefasebaSic, radgan testirebisas gamosacdel

pirebs xSirad erTi teqsti miewodebaT da moeTxovebaT misgan meoris ageba

(Tumca e.w. erTi unaris testirebaSi metyveleba, kiTxva, mosmena da wera cal-

calke mowmdeba. xSirad xelovnurad mcirdeba araSemowmebadi unarebis roli

mSobliuri enis, araverbaluri faqtorebisa da pasuxebis gamoyenebiT da a.S)

Ppunqtebi 4.6.1. _ 4.6.2 exeba teqstis mis matarebel saSualebasTan urTier-

Tobas da gviCvenebs, rom es kavSiri ubralod TviTneburi ar aris. Ppunqti 4.3.

axdens amomwurav aRnusxvasa da klasificirebas yoveldRiur gamoyenebaSi arse-

buli sxvadasxva tipis teqstebisa. Aaqvea mocemuli grafebi leqciebze da semi-

narebze SeniSvnebis CasaniSnad da teqstis dasamuSaveblad. SeniSvnebis CasaniS-

nad deskriptorebi mocemuli ar aris, radgan seminarSi monawileoba an univer-

sitetSi leqciis mosmena winaswar iTvaliswinebs enobriv kompetenciebs ufro

maRal safexurze. Ppunqti 4.6.4 ganixilavs kavSirs teqstsa da im aqtivobas So-

ris, romelSic is Cadebulia, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, es punqti wakiTxul unda

iqnes 4.4 punqtis saTanado nawilebTan erTad.

rogorc saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi, ise avTentikur gamoyenebaSi

mWidroa kavSiri im mizezebs Soris, romlebic ganapirobebs teqstis Seqmnas,

agreTve, teqstis matarebel saSualebebs, formas, Sinaarss da producirebul da

recefciul damuSavebaSi CarTul aqtivobebs Soris. Ppunqti 4.6-is zogadi

daniSnulebaa gamoikvlios da garkveulwilad moaxdinos aRniSnuli kavSiris

ilustrireba da kodificireba, rom daxmareba gauwios kompetenciebis momxmare-

bels dasmul kiTxvebTan mimarTebaSi.

nawili 5 _ momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetenciebi

mocemuli gzamkvlevi sakmaod detalurad exeba imas, rac moeTxovebaT

enis momxmareblebs / Semswavlelebs rogorc komunikaciis aqtebis monawileT im

teqstebTan mimarTebaSic, romlebsac isini qmnian an pasuxoben. modiT gan-

vixiloT is, rac adamianebs saSualebas aZlevs monawileoba miiRon komunikaciis

aqtebSi.

termini kompetenciebi exeba codnis sxvadasxva tipebs da unarebs kom-

pleqsurad, romlebsac adamianebi iyeneben. N[NB termini `kompetencia~ ucvlelad

gamoiyeneba kompetenciebis farglebSi, lingvistebi mas ufro metad mravlobiT

ricxvSi iyeneben, sxvaoba ricxvTa Soris stilisturia da ar iwvevs mniSvnelo-

bis Secvlas]

30

migvaCnia, rom praqtikuli gadmosaxedidan kompetenciebis klasificireba

qvemoT mocemuli sqemis mixedviT sasargebloa. Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom

am sqemas aranairi pretenzia ara aqvs, filosofiur da samecniero datvirTvaze.

Cven gamovdivarT im viwro mosazrebidan, rom mniSvnelovania, enasTan uSualod

dakavSirebuli, kompetenciebis gamocalkeveba, ufro zogadi xasiaTis matarebeli

kompetenciisagan. miuxedavad imisa, rom TviT enis muSaoba damokidebulia maT

mWidro korelaciaze.

5.1 zogadi kompetenciebi

5.1.11 deklaraciuli codna (savoir) 5.1.1.2 sociokulturuli codna

5.1.1.3 kulturaTaSoris gaTviTcnobierebuloba

5.1.2 unarebi da nou-hau (savoir-faire) 5.1.2.1 praqtikuli unarebi da nou-hau

5.1.2.2 kulturaTaSoris unarebi da nou-hau

5.1.3 egzistencialuri kompetencia (savoir-être) 5.1.4 swavlis unari (savoir-apprendre) 5.1.4.1 ena da komunikaciuri gaTviTcnobierebuloba

5.1.4.2 zogadi fonetikuri unarebi

5.1.4.3 swavlis unarebi

5.1.4.3 evristikuli unarebi

5.2 sakomunikacio enis kompetenciebi

5.2.1 enobrivi kompetenciebi

5.2.1.1 leqsikuri kompetencia

5.2.1.2. gramatikuli kompetencia

5.2.1.3 semantikuri kompetencia

5.2.1.4 fonologiuri kompetencia

5.2.1.5 orTografiuli kompetencia

5.2.1.6. orToepiuli kompetencia

5.2.2 sociolingvisturi kompetencia

5.2.2.1 socialuri urTierTobebis markerebi

5.2.2.2 Tavazianobis pirobiToba

5.2.2.3 brZnuli xalxuri gamonaTqvamebi

5.2.2.4 reestris sxvadasxvagvaroba

5.2.2.5 dialeqti da aqcenti

5.2.3 pragmatuli kompetenciebi

5.2.3.1 metyvelebis kompetencia

5.2.3.2 funqcionaluri kompetencia

5.2.3.3 sqematuri agebis kompetencia

5.1.1.1 samyaros codna

enis Semswavlelis codna samyaros Sesaxeb yovelTvis aRiarebuli

moTxovna ar aris. maSinac ki, roca bavSvi iwyebs axali enis Seswavlas saganma-

naTlebo konteqstSi, is ukve garkveul TanxmobaSia garesamyarosTan. Aaxali enis

Seswavla Tavidan dawyebas ar niSnavs. samyaros Sesaxeb arsebuli codnis didi

nawili SegviZlia sarwmunod miviCnioT. Tumca, maSinac ki, roca Semswavleli

zrdasrulia, ar SeiZleba sakiTxis imgvarad dasma, rom axali sityvebis swavla

Zvel azrebze mosargebad xdeba. sazogadoebebis mxridan im samyaros aRqma, ro-

melSic isini cxovroben da deben sakuTar koleqtiur gamocdilebas enaSi,

mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebulia. amasTan, aRniSvnis Rirsia isic, Tu zRvruli

donis zogadi da specifikuri cnebebis CarCo rogor moergo TviT sxvadasxva

enobrivi ojaxebidan momdinare ocze met evropul enas. saWiroa msjeloba iseT

kiTxvebze, rogoricaa: ena, romelic unda vaswavloT an romlis codnac unda

SevamowmoT, moicavs samyaros codnas, rac faqtiurad Semswavlelis mowifulo-

bisa da asakobrivi gamocdilebis miRmaa? Tu es asea, unda SevamowmoT.

aRniSnuli problemis Tavidan acileba yovelTvis ver xerxdeba. roca ar-

amSobliuri ena gamoiyeneba swavlebis saSualebad skolebsa da universitetebSi

31

(da TviT mSobliur enaze ganaTlebaSic), rogorc sagnis Sinaarsi, ise TviT ga-

moyenebuli ena axalia. warsulSi enis mravali saxelmZRvanelo, rogoricaa, ma-

galiTad me-17 saukunis cnobili Cexi ganmanaTleblis _ komenskis Òrbis pictus~-i, cdilobda enis swavlis struqturizebas imgvarad, rom axalgazrdebisaTvis Se-

eqmna struqturuli warmodgena samyaroze.

5. 1. 2. sociokulturuli codna zemoxsenebuli SeniSvnebi aranakleb miesadageba sociokulturul

sferosac. sxva xalxebis ukeT gageba da kulturuli sxvadasxvaobis TanagrZno-biT miReba, evropis sabWos mniSvnelovani politikuri mizania, romelic asec SeTanxmda saxelmwifo meTaurTa mier pirvel samitze. Eenis swavlas mniSvnelovani funqciis Sesruleba uwevs stereotipebis Secvlis mxriv. ena masze molaparakeTa kulturis umTavresi aspeqtia, garda amisa, enis Semswav-lelTa yuradRebis centrSi xSirad eqceva faqtobrivi codnis miReba im qveynis Sesaxeb, sadac am enaze laparakoben da im xalxis Sesaxeb, romelic mas iyenebs. momxmarebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom kompetenciebi ganasxvavebs am punqtSi ganxilul sociokulturul codnas punqtSi 5.1.2 ganxiluli socialuri unare-bisagan. sociolingvisturi kompetencia ufro mkacri enobrivi aspeqtebiT ganx-ilulia punqtSi 5.2.2. es yvelaferi erTadaa gasaTvaliswinebeli. Aaqve unda iTqvas, rom radgan ena sociokulturuli fenomenia, sociokulturuli aspeqtebi ara Tu Semoifargleba mocemuli punqtebiT, aramed misadagebulia.

5. 1. 3. kulturaTaSoris gaTviTcnobierebuloba

urTierTgagebisa da tolerantobis TvalsazrisiT Rirebulia, Semswav-

lelis mxridan sxva kulturis Sesaxeb ara ubralod codnisa da gamocdilebis

miReba, aramed maTi gamoyeneba, sakuTari kulturis kuTxiT gaTviTcnobierebu-

lobis gazrdisaTvis. maT, vinc icnobs mxolod im kulturas, romlis fargleb-

Sic cxovrobs da aRizarda, albaT, yvela Tavisi qmedeba bunebrivad miaCniaT da

maTgan gadaxvevebs aranormalurad scnoben. Tu sworad mivudgebiT, Se-

pirispireba kulturasTan, romelic gansxvavebulad awesrigebs movlenebs,

Semswavlelebs miiyvans sakuTari kulturis relativizaciamde da daanaxebs maT,

rom am kulturam sakuTari arCevani gaakeTa, adamianebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi

mTeli rigi SesaZleblobebidan, romelTagan arc erTi ar aris eqskluziurad

validuri. Ees gamocdileba saganmanaTleblo sferoSi mniSvnelovania.

5. 1. 2. 1. unarebi da nou-hau

kompetenciebi moqmedebazea orientirebuli. codna ganixileba ara rogorc

TviTmizani, aramed moqmedebisaTvis saWiro safuZveli. Uunarebi da nou-hau

Seucvlelia codnis moqmedebaSi Casadebad. isini, rogorc enis swavlis / swav-

lebis mniSvnelovani aspeqti, saSualebas aZlevs Semswavlelebs efeqturad ga-

moiyenon ena maTTvis saintereso aqtivobebSi. Ees principi mWidrod ukavSirdeba

motivacias da Tavidan gvacilebs ìnteleqtualur cdomilebas~. SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom socialuri unarebi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa, radgan saSu-

alebas aZlevs Semswavlelebs miiRon sxva sazogadoebis wevrebTan socialuri

urTierTobis gamowvevebi, kulturuli Sokis gareSe, ramac SeiZleba gaaZlieros,

ara Tu dasZlios crurwmena.

5. 1. 2. 2. kulturaTaSoris unarebi da nou-hau

igive principebi miesadageba interkulturulobasac, rac ar niSnavs

mxolod imis codnas, Tu Semswavlelis kultura rogor kavSirSia sxva kultu-

32

rasTan, aramed gulisxmobs saTanadod moqmedebas orive maTganTan mimarTebaSi.

roca saqme gvaqvs mravalnairi kulturis momcvel situaciebTan, rogoricaa sas-

kolo kavSirebi, vizitebi da gacvlebi, stumrebi ganixilebian sakuTari kul-

turis warmomadgenlebad. maT SeuZliaT gaacnon sakuTari kultura maspinZlebs

da imisda mixedviT, Tu rogor iqcevian, gazardon saerTaSoriso gageba da Tana-

grZnoba masTan mimarTebaSi (an, sulac piriqiT!) maT aseve SeuZliaT gadalaxon

intereTnikuri gaugebrobebi bevrad ufro advilad im adamianebTan SedarebiT,

romlebic monolingvurni da monokulturulni arian. swored es Sinaarsi devs

lozungSi Einsprachigkeit ist heilbar! (monolingvalizmi gankurnebadia) praqtikuli

gagebiT, Semswavlels, romelmac SeiZina kulturaTaSoris unarebi, SeuZlia dax-

mareba gauwios maT, vinc am mxriv naklebobas ganicdis, mravalkulturuli kon-

taqtebiT savse situaciebTan Tavis gasarTmevad.

5. 1. 2. 3. egzistencialuri kompetencia

didi xania evropis sabWos Tanamedrove enebisadmi midgoma eyrdnoba im

princips, rom swavlis amocanebi unda efuZnebodes SemswavlelTa sakomunikacio

moTxovnebs da amocanebica da gamoyenebuli meTodebic mravalferovani unda

iyos, SemswavlelTa Taviseburebebisa da motivaciis gasaTvaliswineblad. ada-

mianTa komunikacia mTlianad gare faqtorebiT ar ganisazRvreba. zogierTi ada-

miani adreuli asakidanve Tamami da gabedulia, maSin roca sxvebi sifrTxiliTa

da TavSekavebulobiT gamoirCevian. zogierTi Zlieri nebisaa, zogic _ damTmobi,

mzadmyofi sxva TvalTaxedvis misaRebad da kompromisze wasasvlelad. erTni

optimistebi arian, sxvani _ naklebad, zogierTi spontanurad moqmedebs, sxvebi _

dafiqrebis Semdeg. zogierTi Sepyrobilia abstraqtuli ideebiT, maSin, roca

sxvebi mWidrod arian konkretul realobaze mijaWvulni. vercerT polarul

sxvaobas ver daviyvanT swor da mcdar alternativamde. maTi arseboba ganapi-

robebs adamianur mravalferovnebas da yovel maTgans wvlili miuZRvis jansaRi

pluralisturi demokratiuli sazogadoebis CamoyalibebaSi. Uucxo enis swavli-

sas ar unda velodoT, rom araferi vTqvaT iZulebaze, rom Semswavlelebi pi-

rovnulad Seicvlebian. Cven unda vecadoT davexmaroT maT TviTgamoxatvis gze-

bis povnaSi axal enaze da kulturul konteqstSi. Nnu miviCnevT aseT midgomas

xasiaTis sisusted an daTmobad. Ppirovnuli ganviTareba Tavad aris saganmanaT-

leblo mizani, xolo TviTSecnoba da TviTrwmena SesaZloa iyos sakomunikacio

enis swavlebis amocana.

5. 1. 4. swavlis unari

rogorc ukve iTqva, enis swavla sawyis etapze, roca ganaTlebis miReba

sruli datvirTviT xdeba, ver mogvcems garantias, rom Semswavleli srulad

iqneba uzrunvelyofili komunikaciisaTvis im doneze, rac zrdasrul cxovre-

baSi dasWirdeba. ufro savaraudoa, rom komunikaciis aucilebloba dadges im

enasTan mimarTebaSi, romelsac adamians skolaSi an universitetSi ar aswavlid-

nen. Nnaswavli enis SemTxvevaSic ki, misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes

sxvadasxva an specializebul sferoSi, ris SesaZleblobasac misi codna ar

mogvcems. roca enis gamoyeneba ar xdeba xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi, Cndeba

enobrivi danakargi da Semswavleli ubrundeba fsevdodamwyebis statuss da

saWiroebs mravali ramis xelaxla Seswavlas. xSir SemTxvevaSi, aseTi Semswav-

leli ver tovebs samsaxurs formaluri swavlisaTvis da iZulebuli xdeba

samsaxurSive iswavlos. Aaqedan gamomdinare, momzadeba damoukideblad swavli-

saTvis anu `swavlis~ swavla nebismieri kursis Semadgeneli nawili unda iyos.

igi unda davsaxoT saswavlo amocanad da imavdroulad SevimuSaoT da gamovi-

yenoT meTodebi enis swavlis unarianobis ganviTarebisTvis (ix. zRvruli done

33

1990 Tavi 13). punqtebi 5.1.4.1.-5.1.4.4. gvawvdis oTx TviTganmartebiT komponents imi-

saTvis, Tu rogor viswavloT swavla.

5. 2. sakomunikacio enis kompetenciebi

punqti 5.1 Seexo yvela zogad kompetencias, romelsac saWiroeben enis

momxmareblebi sakomunikacio aqtSi monawileobisaTvis. M mowodebuli miTiTebe-

bis mizans warmoadgenda eCvenebina, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs aRniSnuli zogadi

kompetenciebis gaTvaliswinebas enis SeswavlaSi, swavlebasa da SefasebaSi.

Aaxla yuradReba gadagvaqvs kompetenciebze, romlebic uSualo kavSirSia enas-

Tan, rogorc sakomunikacio saSualebasTan.

5. 2. 1. enobrivi kompetencia

veravin isargeblebs imiT, rac ar gaaCnia. Eenis yvela maswavlebelma da

Semswavlelma icis, rom esaa amosavali wertili. Lenobrivi resursebis Seqmna,

sityvebisa da maTi mniSvnelobebis codna sazriani, sworad formirebuli wi-

nadadebis asagebad, warmatebuli komunikaciis umTavres, gardauval moTxovnad

rCeba. zogierTi maswavlebeli swored amaSi xedavs sakuTari pasuxismgeblobis

arss SemswavlelTan mimarTebaSi, radgan es ukanaskneli Semdeg marto rCeba da

Tavad unda miiRos gadawyvetileba naswavlis gamosayeneblad. Mmoqmedebaze ori-

entirebuli sakomunikacio midgoma am amocanas sxvanairad ganixilavs. ena gamo-

yenebisaTvis arsebobs da enobrivi formebis codna TviTmizani ar aris. Aarc

formaTa manipulaciis unaria TviTmizani. enobrivi kompetenciebi unda Seiqmnas

komunikaciis swavlis bevrad farTo procesis Semadgenel nawilad. Kkonkretul

enasTan mimarTebaSi srulad gacxadebuli gacnobiereba enobrivi sistemisa,

arsebiTad safuZvelia enis kursebis saTanadod dagegmvisaTvis da Semdgom don-

eebze enis codnis SefasebisaTvis. zogierT, magram ara yvela Semswavlels, pro-

gresirebis kuTxiT gamoadgeba imis gacnobierebac, rom ena organizebuli siste-

maa.

enobrivi sistemis parametrebis zogadi CarCos saxiT warmodgena, prob-

lematuri sakiTxia. Eenebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba formaluri Tvisebebis

mxriv da mosazrebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad izRudeba es Tvisebebi

universaluri principebiT, aseve mravalferovania. erTni msjeloben TviTnebu-

rad, sxvani genetikuri gansazRvrulobis mixedviT. kompetenciebis avtorebi ar

acxadeben pretenzias am problemis gadaWraze da Semoifarglebian klasifi-

kaciis SedarebiT ufro tradiciuli aparatiT. aseTi midgomis mizani ar aris

normatiuloba. Mmomxmareblebs SeuZliaT dafiqrdnen warmodgenil sqemaze,

Tavisuflad Secvalon igi da aRweron sakuTari miznebi sxva modelis gamoyene-

biT, romelic ufro adekvaturad miaCniaT. erTaderTi rac moeTxovebaT, saku-

Tari aRwerilobis cxadad da gamWvirvaled formirebaa.

5. 2. 1. 1. leqsikuri kompetencia

momxmarebeli SeamCnevs, rom aq sityva `leqsikuri~ gamoiyeneba ara

calkeul sityvebTan, aramed enobriv frazebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic daculia

da gamoiyeneba rogorc erTi fiqsirebuli, ganuyofeli mTlianoba. maSasadame,

sityva `leqsikuri~ moicavs fiqsirebul frazebsa da idiomebs, magram ara yvela

sityvas, radgan kompleqsuri da Sedgenili sityvaTa formebi morfologias

eqvemdebareba, rogorc gramatikuli kompetenciis nawili. Ggramatikuli elemen-

tebi Sualedur pozicias ikavebs, isini sityvaTa martivi formebia, magram

mxolos gramatikuli konstruqciebis elementebis saxiT funqcionirebs. xSirad

terminis formis mqone sityvebi, Sinaarsobrivi sityvebisagan gansxvavebiT,

maRali sixSiriT gamoirCeva da daxurul nakrebs qmnis. aseTi sityvebi, propor-

34

ciuli gagebiT, mimdinare teqstis mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia, magram

mcire wvlili Seaqvs mis azrobriv agebaSi. isini konteqsturad prognozire-

badia da Cveulebriv iseT sityvebs warmoadgens, romlebic satelegrafo teqstSi

gamotovebulia, magaliTad: (I shall) arrive (by the) last train (on) Friday. (Camoval bolo

matarebliT paraskevs). formebis saxiT, isini gvxvdeba enis kursis adreul sta-

diaze da SeuZlebelia maTi codna swored am safexurze. magaliTad à~ da `the~ artiklebi Cveulebriv pirvelive gakveTilSi gvxvdeba, magram maTi aseTi gamo-

yeneba zeda doneebze myof Semswavlelebsac ki problemas uqmnis. bevri maTgani

iseT gramatikul funqcias asrulebs, rac sxva enebSi sxvagvarad iwarmoeba (ma-

galiTad, fleqsiuri daboloebebi), momxmareblebi amjobineben maT mikuTvnebas

gramatikuli kompetenciisaTvis.

calkeuli sityvebis mier Sesrulebuli funqcia, rac gramatikul

urTierTobebze miniSnebas gulisxmobs, enidan enamde gansxvavdeba. inglisuris

msgavs enebSi sadac maTi roli mniSvnelovania, maTi klasifikacia problemas

warmoadgens. Nnusxa mocemuli punqtSi 5.2.1.1 gvawvdis klasificirebul ma-

galiTebs, romelTagan TiTqmis yvela inglisuridanaa aRebuli. Nnawilakebis ma-

galiTebi aRebulia germanulidan, sadac modaluri nawilakebi mniSvnelovan

rols asrulebs mosaubris midgomaTa gadmosacemad. Bbunebrivia, momxmareblebi

isargebleben mxolod im klasificirebuli nusxebiT, romlebic mocemul enas

yvelaze metad miesadageba.

5. 2. 1. 2. gramatikuli kompetencia

ukve aRniSnuli mizezebis gamo kompetenciebis avtorebi, iTvaliswineben

ra skolebis sxvadasxvaobas da evropaSi enaTa mravalferovnebas, sakuTar kom-

petenciad ar miiCneven im formis winaswar specifikacias, rac gramatikul kom-

petencias unda mieniWos. imeds vitovebT, rom kompetenciebis momxmareblebi gag-

viziareben sakuTar praqtikas ise, rom aRniSnuli punqtis safuZvlianad gad-

axedvis saSualeba mogveces. Ees gansakuTrebiT exeba SeniSvnebs sintaqsze.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT `mniSvnelobis gadmosacemad winadadebaTa organizebis

unari, sakomunikacio kompetenciis umTavresi aspeqtia~ da es punqti Tavisi ma-

galiTebiT cdilobs odnav ufro metad gaamaxvilos yuradReba ìm parametrebsa

da kategoriebze, romlebic farTod gamoiyeneba gramatikul aRweraSi~. isec

SeiZleba moxdes, rom aq CamoTvlil kategoriaTagan bevri ar miesadagebodes

romelime konkretul enas da sxva _ aRwerisaTvis saWiro kategoriebi ki, saer-

Tod ar iyos warmodgenili. bunebrivia, aseT SemTxvevaSi, arideben ra Tavs idi-

osinkretul terminologias, kolegebi SeimuSaveben mocemuli enisaTvis yvelaze

ufro Sesaferis deskrifciul sistemebs. sxvebma SeiZleba miiCnion, rom wminda

taqsonomiuri midgoma, ubralod formaTa klasificireba, araadekvaturia. kompe-

tenciebi emxroba yovelgvar novacias im pirobiT, rom saboloo aRwerilobebi

momxmareblebisaTvis gamosadegi da gasagebi iqneba.

mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba gansakuTrebiT gaukvirdeT is faqti, rom ver Sex-

vdebian diskusias transformaciul generaciul gramatikaze, ramac umTavresi

adgili daikava Teoriul lingvistikaSi gasul saukuneSi. es ori mizeziT

aixsneba: pirveli imaSi mdgomareobs, rom es skola Tavidanve sajarod

Camoscilda enis swavlebas (àleni da van bureni, Tavi 7, avtori Comski 1966). es

midgoma aSkara kontrastSia wina Taobis midgomasTan, romelmac bihevioristuli

fsiqologiis Zlieri zegavlena ganicada da diskreditebul iqna Comskis mier,

moRvaweobis dasawyisSive (Comski 1959; b. f skineris mimoxilva `verbaluri yo-

faqceva~ Language 35, 26-58). Mmeore mizezi isaa, rom am skolis mier lingvisturi

Teoriis ganviTarebam enis gamoyeneba uwindel realobas Camoacila, aseve uaryo

masTan uSualo kavSirSi myofi Zveli modelebi. Nnaturalur mecnierebebSi Cade-

buli codna samyaros Sesaxeb nabij_nabij ganviTarda, eqvemdebareboda ra em-

35

piriul validacias, maSin roca praqtika cxadyofs, rom es sul sxvagvarad

moxda lingvistur kvlevaSi.

Mmomxmareblebs, romelTac surT meti Seityon generaciuli (uaxlesi ga-

moyenebiT - universaluri) gramatikis Sesaxeb, SeuZliaT gadaxedon SedarebiT

adreul `klasikur~ models Chomsky, N. ,(1965) Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press, an Allen, J.P.B da Van Buren. P (1971) Chomsky: selected readings. Oxford OUP bolodroindeli ganviTarebis kuTxiT Radford, A, Clahsen, H da Spenser, A (1999)linguistics: an introduction. Mmomxmareblebma unda icodnen, rom arc erT

gramatikul Teorias ar aqvs sayovelTao mxardaWera.

5. 2. 1. 3. semantikuri kompetencia

semantikas xSirad uwodeben mniSvnelobis mecnierebas. Ggamomdinare iqidan,

rom adamianis sakomunikacio yofaqcevis yvela aspeqti mniSvnelobis mqonea.

isAama Tu im saxis informacias awvdis damkvirvebels, romelic saTanadod aR-

Wurvilia misi identificirebisa da interpretaciisaTvis. TiTqmis yvelaferi,

rasac moicavs kompetenciebi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes momxmareblis / Semswav-

lelis semantikuri kompetenciis aspeqtad. Aam punqtSi aRniSnuli ganxilva

ufro viwro farglebSia moqceuli, exeba ra mxolod enobrivi formebis

mniSvnelobebs da maT urTierTdamokidebulebas. Lleqsikuri semantika, exeba ra

sityvebis mniSvnelobebs (ufro zustad, leqsikur elementebs, ix 4.7.2.1.1 (a)),

gansxvavdeba gramatikuli semantikisagan, rac moicavs winadadebebSi sityvaTa

organizebisaTvis miniWebul mniSvnelobebs. winadadebis mniSvneloba nawilobriv

leqsikuri elementis SerCeviT da nawilobriv maTi organizebiT gadmoicema.

Ppragmatuli semantika exeba winadadebaTa (metwilad, logikuri winadadebebis)

urTierTdamokidebulebis formalur mniSvnelobas.

5.2.1.3 punqtis bolo abzacSi mocemulia deskrifciul lingvistikaSi arse-

buli ZiriTadi dilema, rasac iwvevs enis ormagi artikulacia. rogorc forma,

ise mniSvneloba sakmaod struqturizebulia, magram erTmaneTs Zalze TviTnebu-

rad eWreba. Ees gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia sityvaTa formebSi. JReradobiT

msgavsi sityvebi (magaliTad pit, pet, pat) mniSvnelobiT gansxvavdeba. mniSvnelobiT

msgavsi sityvebi, rogoricaa cxeni / faSati / kvici; xari / Zroxa / xbo, JRerado-

biT gansxvavdeba. iqac ki, sadac kavSiri, erTi SexedviT, axloa (magaliTad,

zmnuri formebi drosTan kavSirSi), Tu erTi sistemuradaa warmodgenili, meore

anomaliuri da aramdgradia. Ees safiqrals aZlevs kurikulumebis Semdgenlebs,

kursis damgegmavebs, saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebs - ra principi wamowion win:

forma aqcion organizebis safuZvlad Tu funqcia.

5. 2. 1. 4. fonologiuri kompetencia

es punqti ganixilavs enis, rogorc bgeris organizacias. fonetika, ro-

melic exeba movlenaTa jaWvs dawyebuli sxeulis moZraobebidan, romlebic

bgerebs naTqvamis akustikuri saSualebebiT gadmoscems, damTavrebuli maTi

sametyvelo bgerebad aRqmiT, SedarebiT stabiluria mravali welia. Ees imiT

aixsneba, rom fenomenebi, romlebsac is exeba, met-naklebad advilad xelmisaw-

vdomia uSualo damkvirveblisaTvis da warmoadgenda enis gamoyenebis im

aspeqtebs, romlebic pirveli iqna gamokvleuli.Bbgeris producirebisa da re-

cefciis procesebi kargadaa gagebuli, da sqemebi bgeraTa klasificirebisaTvis

_ saartikulacio (produqtiuli) an audialuri (sabazo) _ kargad ganviTarebu-

lia, maTi warmodgenisaTvis saerTaSoriso doneze SeTanxmebuli konvenciebiT

(saerTaSoriso fonetikuri anbani). Aam sistemis daxvewa yovelgvari zedmeti

Zalisxmevis gareSec SesaZlebelia, smenisa da saartikulacio treningebis pro-

gramis saSualebiT. aseTi saxis zogadi fonetikuri treningi swavlis swavlebis

aspeqtia, amzadebs Semswavlelebs iseTi gansxvavebuli bgerebis gamocnobasa da

36

gamocemaSi, romlebic, savaraudod, iqneba axal enaSi, ucnob kombinaciebSic ki

(ix. 5.1.4.2)

konkretuli enis fonologia exeba bgeraTa rols am enis sityvebze,

frazebsa da winadadebebze miniSnebiT. Aam mizniT gamoiyeneba SezRuduli

raodenobis bgeraTa sxvadasxvaoba, romlebsac gamoscems ramdenime gansxvave-

buli saartikulacio Jesti. maT enis `fonemebs~ uwodeben. sityvebze miniSneba

xdeba (Cveulebriv) mokle TanamimdevrobiT iseTi Jestebisa, romlebic Semdeg

qmnis Sesabamisi akustikuri efeqtebis Tanamimdevrobas. fonologiurad, frazebi

da winadadebebi Sedgeba aseTi sityvaTa formebis Tanamimdevrobisagan, romlebic

xSirad modificirdeba maTi konteqstis mixedviT da damatebiT xasiaTdeba si-

maRlis (intonacia) da JReradobis (maxviliT) gansxvavebuli prosodiuli max-

asiaTeblebiT. Ppunqti 4.7.2.1.4 detalurad warmoadgens fonologiuri kompeten-

ciis komponentebs. maTgan arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa:

1. enis fonemebis, sityvaTa fonemuri kompoziciis da saubarSi wi-

nadadebaTa maxviliTa da intonaciiT Semkobis codna.

2. fonemebisa da prosodiuli maxasiaTeblebis producirebisa da per-

sepciis unarebi ara mxolod izolirebuli saxiT, aramed sityvebisa da wi-

nadadebebis kombinaciaSi. mowifuli mosaubris SemTxvevaSi, fonologiuri kom-

petencia gaucnobierebeli Cvevaa. gaTavisebuli fonologiuri TvalsazrisiT,

aseTi mosaubre kvalificirdeba sxvaTa, Tundac dialeqtze naTqvamis interpre-

taciaSi. sirTule SeiZleba warmoiSvas iseTi bgerebis gamocemaSi, romlebic

fonemebs ar warmoadgens mis metyvelebaSi. Aaxal enasTan Sepirispirebisas, sir-

Tules SeiZleba warmoadgendes axali fonemebis, bgeraTa ucnobi kombinaciebis

aRqma da producireba, da mosmenilis Targmna moxdeba sakuTari fonologiis

mixedviT, ucxouri aqcentiT. Sedegad vRebulobT garTulebul komunikacias da

gaugebrobebs. Mmeore mxriv, enis kvalificiuri momxmarebeli, konteqstSi enis

gadaWarbebulad arsebobisas, SesZlebs mniSvnelobis rekonstruqcias. Eenis Ses-

wavlasa da swavlebasTan mimarTebaSi wamoWrili sakiTxebi ofciaTa formiT

warmodgenilia punqtSi 6.4.7.9.

5. 2. 1. 5. orTografiuli kompetencia

es punqti werilobiTi sistemebis Taviseburebs ganixilavs.

5. 2. 1. 6. orToepiuli kompetencia

es punqti exeba principebs, romlebic werilobiTi formebis gamoTqmas

gansazRvravs.

5. 5. 2. sociolingvisturi kompetencia

sociolingvisturi kompetencia exeba im codnasa da unarebs, romlebic

saWiroa enis gamoyenebis socialur ganzomilebasTan mimarTebaSi. socialur

kompetenciasTan dakavSirebiT ukve aRvniSneT, rom ena sociokulturuli fenome-

nia. Mmravali komponenti, gansakuTrebiT sociokulturuli, romelTac kompeten-

ciebis sxvadasxva nawilebSi SevxvdebiT, sociologinvistur kompetencias exeba.

aq mocemuli sakiTxebi specifikuradaa dakavSirebuli enis gamoyenebasTan da

sxvagan ar ganixileba.

5. 2. 2. 1. socialuri urTierTobebis enobrivi markerebi

momxmareblebma SeiZleba daintereseba gamoxaton im aspeqtebTan mimarTe-

baSi, romlebic gansazRvraven enis gamoyenebas Semswavlelebsa da enis sxva

momxmarebelTa Soris socialur urTierTobebSi. inglisuri enidan aRebuli ma-

galiTebi ubralod ilustraciulia: sxva enebSi urTierTobebi sxvagvarad gani-

sazRvreba. magaliTad, germanulSi der / ihr sie-is sapirispiroa, frangulSi tu vous-is sapirispiroa, rusul enaSi mimarTvisas mamis saxels iyeneben da a. S.

5. 2. 2. 2. Tavazianobis pirobiToba

37

samxreT britaneTis sazogadoebaSi arsebuli Tavazianobis pirobiTobaTa

sakmaod vrcel angariSs gvawvdis (zRvruli done, L1990, Tavi 11). es pirobiToba,

ZiriTadad, uaryofiT Tavazianobas exeba, anu, Seuracxyofis miyenebisagan Tavis

SekavebaSi mdgomareobs. Tavazianobis pirobiToba xSirad erovnebaTSoris gauge-

brobis wyaro xdeba. mosaubre, romelic icavs inglisur pirobiTobas da xSirad

mimarTavs mokle kiTxvebis, an iseTi frazis gamoyenebas, rogoricaa, `me

vfiqrob~, sxva sazogadoebaSi meryevad an naklebad damajereblad SeiZleba miiC-

nion. maSin, roca inglisuri pirobiTobis mimdevarTaTvis, metyvelebaSi aseTis

ararseboba SeiZleba qedmaRlobas an dogmaturobas niSnavdes. arsebobs

SemTxvevebi, rasac mowmobs me-4 qvedanayofSi mocemuli magaliTi, roca Ta-

vazianobis pirobiTobas ganzrax arideben Tavs. Tumca, albaT, ukeTesi iqneba

Semswavlelma uari ar Tqvas masze, Tu darwmunebuli ar aris, rom sworad

gaugeben.

5. 2. 2. 3. brZnuli xalxuri gamonaTqvamebi

midgomebis, Rirebulebebisa da mosazrebebis TvalsazrisiT, socialuri

solidarobis dasamyareblad an gasaRrmaveblad, adamianebi xSirad mimarTaven

sentimentaluri frazebis da winadadebis gamoyenebas Cveulebriv saubarSi. ing-

lisuri ena Tavs aridebs e.w. `kliSes~ (andaza da sxv.) gamoyenebas, rac SeiZleba

bundovnad da gaugebrad miiRos msmenelma, Tu misi mniSvneloba ar icis. Mma-

galiTad, fraza àh, it's an ill wind~, naTqvami aRmavali intonaciiT, gulisxmobs, rom

cud situaciasac moeZebneba dadebiTi aspeqti. Tumca, enis Seswavlis procesSi,

garkveul etapze, gavrcelebuli andazebis Seswavla, SesaZloa Semswavlelis

recefciuli kompetenciisaTvis sasargeblo danamatic ki iyos.

5. 2. 2. 4. reestris sxvadasxvagvaroba

aq mocemuli magaliTebi gvTavazobs sxvadasxva gzebs, romlebic gvkar-

naxoben, rom esa Tu is moqmedeba unda daiwyos situaciasa da monawileTa Soris

urTierTobebze dayrdnobiT (rogorc aseTi, igi mWidrod ukavSirdeba 5.2.2.1

punqts). magaliTebi moicavs rogorc fiqsirebuli saritualo formulebis gamo-

yenebas, ise axloblebs Soris azrTa lakonur urTierTgacvlas.

5. 2. 2. 5. dialeqti da aqcenti

evropul enaze molaparake arcerTi sazogadoeba ar aris bolomde ho-

mogenuri. yovel regions sakuTari enobrivi da kulturuli Taviseburebebi ga-

moarCevs. regionebSi, sadac xalxi tipobrivi adgilobrivi cxovrebiT cxovrobs,

es Taviseburebebi gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia da miesadageba socialur klass,

saqmianobasa da saganmanaTleblo dones. dialeqtur TaviseburebaTa aRiareba

mniSvnelovani gasaRebia TanamosaubrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis amosac-

nobad. aRniSnul procesSi did rols asrulebs stereotipebi. droTa ganmavlo-

baSi, Semswavlelebs mouwevT sxvadasxva warmomavlobis TanamosaubreebTan

urTierToba da sanam moxdeba dialeqtis formaTa gaTaviseba, Semswavlelebma

unda ganixilon maTi socialuri TanamniSvnelobebi, agreTve Tanamimdevrulo-

bisa da mdgradobis aucilebloba.

5. 2. 3. pragmatuli kompetenciebi

lingvistikaSi termini `pragmatika~ SeiZleba gamoviyenoT winadadebebs

Soris garkveuli logikuri kavSiris dadgenasTan mimarTebaSi (SeadareT punqti

38

5.2.1.3). am punqtSi es termini ufro farTo gagebiTaa gamoyenebuli; misi Sedare-

bis viwro gageba metyvelebis kompetenciis aspeqtad ganixileba.

5. 2. 3. 1. metyvelebis kompetencia

metyvelebis kompetencia warmoadgens momxmareblis / Semswavlelis unars

aagos winadadebebi da daawyos isini iseTi TanamimdevrobiT, rom miiRos logi-

kuri mniSvneloba. mSobliur enaze ganaTlebis erT-erTi mizania ganuviTaros

axalgazrda adamians metyvelebis unarebi. ucxo enis Seswavla iwyeba mokle

frazebis agebiT, rac Cveulebriv erTi winadadebis farglebs ar scildeba. Uu-

fro maRal safexurze, metyvelebis kompetenciis ganviTareba, romlis calkeul

komponentebsac es punqti ganixilavs, sul ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba. Mmomxmare-

beli SeiZleba dainteresdes metyvelebis kompetenciaSi Semavali faqtorebis

mokle angariSiT, romelsac gvTavazobs Crystal, D. : The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Lan-guage, ganyofileba 20.

5. 2. 3. 2. funqcionaluri kompetencia

es punqti ganxilul unda iqnes 4.3 punqtTan erTad. Aaq makrofunqciebSi

moiazreba momxmareblis / Semswavlelis unari, aagos saubari sxvadasxva sakomu-

nikacio miznebTan SeTavsebiT, enobriv davalebaTa Sesrulebis procesSi. fun-

qciaTa sxvadasxvaoba ganapirobebs sxvadasxvaobebs enis gamoyenebaSi. magaliTad,

inglisur enaSi moqmedebis aRwera xdeba awmyo gangrZobiTi drois saSualebiT.

Ì am picking up an egg and breaking it into a frying pan~. moqmedebis saCveneblad gamoiyeneba

martivi awmyo: Ì pick up an egg and break it into a frying pan~. mikrofunqciebs ufro vrclad exeba zRvruli done - 1990 da zRvruli ganviTarebuli done. sasaubro

kompetencia ar gulisxmobs imis codnas, Tu romeli enobrivi formiT gamoix-

ateba esa Tu is funqcia (mikrofunqciebi). monawileebi Cabmulni arian in-

teraqciaSi, sadac yovel iniciativas mohyveba gamoxmaureba da interaqcia

grZeldeba, miznis mixedviT, Tanamimdevrul etapebad _ urTierTgacvlidan

saboloo daskvnamde. kompetenturma mosaubrem icis, Tu ra procesebi da unarebi

ganapirobebs interaqcias, makrofunqcia xasiaTdeba misi interaqtiuli stru-

qturiT. ufro kompleqsur situacias, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, gaaCndes iseTi

Sida struqtura, romelSic devs makro funqciebis Tanamimdevroba. Aam punqtSi

mocemulia rogorc umartivesi, ise yvelaze ufro kompleqsuri magaliTebi. erTi

mxriv, gvaqvs martivi inicireba / reagirebis wyvili, rogoricaa kiTxva-pasuxi.

zRvruli donis franguli versia Un Niveau-Seuil, TavSi Actes de parole mikrofun-qciebs sistemurad alagebs _ (I) iniciatorebad da (II) reaqciebad. martivi in-

teraqcia SeiZleba Sedgebodes aseTi wyvilebis mokle Tanamimdevrobisagan, ma-

galiTad, dawyeba+tranzaqcia+dasruleba, rogoricaa Semdegi:

ukacravad, qalbatono _ (I) yuradRebis miqcevis mcdeloba;

diax? _ (II) yuradRebis miqceva

xom ver mimaswavliT sadgurisken mimaval gzas? _(I) informaciis Txovna.

jer marcxniv wadiT, Semdeg - pirdapir _ (II) informaciis miwodeba

gmadlobT, qalbatono _ (I) madlobis gadaxda

arafris _ (II) madlobis miReba

enis kursebi xSirad warmoadgens enas dialoguri formiT, rac in-

teraqtiuli struqturebis magaliTad motanas gulisxmobs, rogorc es zeviTaa

naCvenebi. Tumca, xSirad struqtura gaugebaria, ase rom, Semswavlelebma ar

ician, rogor imoqmedon, Tu interaqcia konkretuli dialogis formas ar

miiRebs. Ees ki iSviaTobaa. Semswavlelebi momxmareblis avtonomias ufro ad-

vilad moipoveben, Tu iswavlian interaqtiuli strategiis kontrols. Ees

ukanaskneli gulisxmobs interaqciaSi Tanamosaubris monawileobis jeris gan-

sazRvras maSinac, ki, roca es Znelad misaxvedria. amasTan, saWiroa makompensire-

beli strategiebis gamoyeneba (ix. zRvruli done 1990. Tavi 12). is faqti, rom

39

monawileebs sakuTari kompetenciis farglebSi moepovebaT interaqciis nimuSi

(gansakuTrebiT, Tu es ukanaskneli rutinizebulia) ar niSnavs imas, rom mimdi-

nare saubarSi Seva nimuSSi arsebuli mikro da makro funqciebis yvela tipi.

saubris zogierTma stadiam SeiZleba dumilSic Caiaros, rogorc TavisTavad

gasagebma. interaqciis `gaadamianureba~ SesaZlebelia pirovnul sakiTxebze az-

rTa urTierTgacvlis SemotaniT. Tumca, monawileTa codna `miRma~ arsebuli

sqemis Sesaxeb gulisxmobs, rom misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia yovelTvis, roca

ki komunikacia aucilebelia. germanelma sociolingvistebma, daintersdnen ra

enis rogorc socialuri qmedebis TeoriiT, didi Sroma gaswies interaqtiuli

struqturebis irgvliv. momxmareblebs, romlebsac surT am sferos ufro siRr-

miseulad Seswavla, SeuZliaT isargeblon, magaliTad, konrad ehlihisa (Konrad Ehlich) da iohen rahbainis (Jochen Rehbein) SromebiT. Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom Se-

darebiT cotaa gakeTebuli zemoxsenebuli makrofunqciebis sqemaTa SemuSavebis

TvalsazrisiT. igive iTqmis tranzaqciis saxeebzec, yidva-gayidvis gamoklebiT.

evropis sabWo moxaruli iqneba, miiRos informacia kompetenciebis momxmare-

belTa mxridan aseTi sqemebis SemuSavebis mcdelobaze.

nawili 6 _ enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis procesebi

Tavi 4 miznad isaxavs detalurad gansazRvros is, rac enis kompetentur

momxmarebels moeTxoveba sakomunikacio aqtebSi monawileobis misaRebad, xolo

Tavi 5 gansazRvravs sxvadasxva tipis codnasa da unarebs, rac enis momx-

mareblebs zemoxsenebuli saxiT moqmedebis saSualebas aZlevs. Tavi 6 exeba

swavlisa da swavlebis sakiTxebs.

6. 1. ra unda iswavlon an ras unda daeuflon Semswavlelebi?

Ees punqti ganixilavs dasaxuli amocanebis Seswavlis sakiTxs. Ees

ukanaskneli ufro farTodaa ganmartebuli punqtSi 6.1.1. cxrilebi 1-3 me-3 TavSi,

asaxelebs ra kriteriumebs, romelTac unda pasuxobdes enis codna yovel

Tanamimdevrul doneze, SegviZlia miviCnioT im amocanaTa mokle ganmartebad,

romlebic ganvrcobilad da magaliTebis saxiTaa warmodgenili TavebSi 4 da 5.

punqti 6.1.2 ganixilavs Semswavlelis kompetenciis im aspeqtebs konkretul enas-

Tan mimarTebaSi, romlebic saWiroebs zedmiwevniT swavlebas. agreTve, aspeqtebs,

romlebic ukve arsebobs an romelTa daufleba sxvagvaradac SesaZlebelia.

aRsaniSnavia, rom mravalenovani (plurilingvuri) kompetencia gacilebiT

ufro metia, vidre enobrivi komponentebis nakrebi. punqtebi 6.1.3 da 6.1.4 siRr-

miseulad ikvlevs mravalenovani (plurilingvuri) kompetenciis gansxvavebas

ramdenime diskretuli enis kompetenciisagan da gamoaqvs daskvnebi enis swavlisa

da swavlebis amocanebTan mimarTebaSi. mravalenovani (plurilingvuri) kompe-

tenciis individualuri enobrivi komponentebi araTanabaria, diferencirdeba

Semswavlelis gamocdilebisa da misi cvlilebebis mixedviT. Tumca, yvela es

cvlileba xelmisawvdomia gamoyenebisaTvis da momxmarebels SeuZlia sxva enaze

gadarTva situaciis cvlilebasTan erTad (im pirobiT, Tu Tanamosaubrec mrava-

lenovania (plurilingvalia), adekvaturi gagebiT). mravalenovan (plurilingvur)

momxmarebelSi diferencirebuli enobrivi komponentebis interaqcia xels

uwyobs enobrivi da kulturuli gaTviTcnobierebulobis ganviTarebas da gansa-

kuTrebuli wvlili Seaqvs pan-evropul (realurad, globalur) gagebasa da gan-

viTarebaSi gamomdinare iqidan, rom mravalgvarobis parametrebi ukeT aRiqmeba.

40

diferencirebuli komponentebi yovelTvis nawilobrivia. naklebad ganviTare-

buli ena ar aris ubralod arasrulyofili kompetencia, romelic moicavs ukeT

ganviTarebuli enis romelime nawils. xSirad nawilobrivi kompetenciebi

damatebiTi xasiaTisaa, magaliTad diglosiis SemTxvevebSi, sadac konkretuli

ena gamoiyeneba mxolod calkeul socialur konteqstSi (magaliTad, profe-

siuli an religiuri sfero), magram am mizniT, ufro adekvaturad viTardeba,

vidre ena, romelic zogadad ufro cnobilia. momxmareblebs vTavazobT Seamow-

mon sakuTari enis kompetenciis urTierTkavSiri mravalenovan (plurilingvur)

WrilSi da dafiqrdnen, xdeba Tu ara mravalenovnebis stimulireba sxvebSi.

mravalenovnebis principi Semdgom miesadageba sakomunikacio kompetenciis

ramdenime komponents, gviCvenebs ra yoveli maTganis met-nakleb ganviTarebas

nawilobriv kompetenciebSi, rac damokidebulia konkretuli enebis codnis fun-

qciaze da maT SefardebiT wvlilze Semswavlelis zogad sakomunikacio kompe-

tenciaSi. Aaqcenti keTdeba maT damatebiT xasiaTze.

6. 2. enis swavlis procesebi

6. 2. 1. daufleba Tu swavla?

es punqti kompetenciebis momxmareblebs sTxovs daakonkreton, ra gagebiT

iyeneben terminebs daufleba da swavla. bevr avtors termini swavla insti-

tucionalur swavlamde aqvs dayvanili, rac ufro formaluria; terminebi

Semswavleli da swavla ganzogadebuli gagebiT gamoiyeneba.

6. 2. 2. rogor swavloben Semswavlelebi?

Ees punqti yuradRebas amaxvilebs TeoretikosTa da garkveulwilad

praqtikosTa Soris arsebul azrTa sxvadasxvaobaze imis Taobaze, Tu ra ufro

uwyobs xels enis codnis gaumjobesebas _ enis praqtikulad gamoyeneba, Tu

formaluri instruqtirebis pirobebSi swavla. Ppirveli mosazrebis aqtiurad

damcvelTa Sorisaa kraSeni; ix. Kraschen (1982) da Kraschen & Terrel (1983).

6. 3. ra SeuZlia yoveli saxis kompetenciis momxmarebels gaakeTos

imisaTvis, rom gaaadvilos enis Seswavla?

Ees punqti ganixilavs, Tu ra rols asrulebs TiToeuli mxare enis swav-

lis procesSi.

6. 4. ramdenime meTodologiuri ofcia Tanamedrove enis Seswavlisa

da swavlebisaTvis

es punqti exeba Seswavlasa da swavlebaSi meTodebis gamoyenebis sakiTxs.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT pirvel TavSi, kompetenciebi ar emxroba romelime konk-

retul meTods, magram sTavazobs momxmarebels ifiqron maTTvis xelmisawvdom

sakiTxebsa da ofciebze.

im etapze, roca mimdinareobda konsultaciebi kompetenciebis pirveli da

meore monaxazebis irgvliv, mravalma kolegam SeSfoTeba gamoTqva am politi-

kasTan mimarTebaSi. isini acxadebdnen, rom evropis sabWo karga xans ibrZoda

enis Seswavlisa da swavlebisaTvis sakomunikaciod, rasac aSkara meTodologi-

uri safuZveli hqonda. Aar gvinda kompetenciebis momxmareblebs iseTi war-

modgena SeeqmnaT, rom Semdeg sabWom uaryo sakuTari pozicia da mkacri nei-

traliteti gamoacxada, rac Mmisi uwindeli midgomis mcdarobiT SeiZleba yo-

filiyo axsnili. sasurvelia, kompetenciebi miuTiTebdes, Tu romel ofciebs

aniWebs upiratesobas, an romelTa gamoyenebam SeiZleba ganapirobos uaryofiTi

Sedegebis dadgoma (magaliTad, gramatikuli / mTargmnelobiTi meTodebi an

struqturuli swavleba)

41

rogorc ukve ganvmarteT am gzamkvlevis 1.5 punqtSi, evropis sabWo uars

ar ambobs im midgomaze, romliTac icnoben da arc meTodologiurad neitralu-

ria. Mmisi principebi mkafiodaa Camoyalibebuli ministrTa komitetis cnobil

rekomendaciaSi R(82)18. proeqtSi ènis Seswavla evropeli moqalaqeebisaTvis~

Cadebulma kvlevebma da saqmiani Sexvedrebis angariSebma mraval meTodologiur

rekomendacias misca dasabami. yovelive es, daskvnebisa da rekomendaciebis saxiT,

gaerTianda am proeqtis saboloo angariSSi da mowonebul iqna samTavrobaTSo-

riso konferenciaze ènis swavla axali evropisaTvis~, romelic Catarda stras-

burgSi 1997 wlis aprilSi. Tavis mxriv, saboloo angariSma ganapiroba minis-

trTa komitetis axali rekomendaciis Seqmna (ianvari 1998) magram aRsaniSnavia,

rom kompetenciebs gansxvavebuli funqcia aqvs. man unda uzrunvelyos safuZveli

dafiqrebisaTvis da sakomunikacio instrumenti praqtikosebisaTvis anu maTTvis,

vinc uSualod monawileobs enis swavlebasa da SefasebaSi, mis administrirebasa

da mxardaWeraSi. mocemuli gzamkvlevis momdevno Tavebi eZRvneba sxvadasxva

kategoriis momxmarebelTa moTxovnebsa da interesebs; am TavSi mocemuli di-

reqtivebi savaraudod, yvela momxmareblis interesebs miesadageba.

Mmocemul punqtsa da mis qvepunqtebSi vcadeT erTobliobaSi gadagvexeda

ofciebisaTvis da SegveTavazebina kompetenciebis momxmarebelTaTvis maTze

dafiqreba. ra Tqma unda, SesaZlebelia, rom arcerTi ofcia ar miesadagebodes

momxmareblis pozicias. aseT SemTxvevaSi, momxmarebels vTavazobT sakuTari

poziciis gansazRvras maqsimalurad gamWvirvaled, definicias, rogorc kompe-

tenciebis potenciuri danamatis miwodebas sabWosaTvis.

6. 4. 1. zogadi midgomebi

am punqtSi mowodebulia 6.2-Si ganxiluli ofciebi, romlebic Semdeg-

nariad nawildeba: ubralo mimarTeba, gamoyenebad enasTan (ofcia a) TviTSeswav-

lis (ofcia e) da tradiciuli maswavlebelze orientirebuli swavlebis (ofcia

f) gziT da yvelaze ufro intensiuri interaqtiuli saklaso meTodebi (ofcia

i).

6. 4. 2. maswavleblebis, Semswavlelebis da saSualebebis SefardebiTi

roli

swavlis bunebasTan mimarTebaSi arsebul mosazrebebs didi mniSvneloba

aqvs saklaso organizaciasa da praqtikaSi, agreTve, maswavleblebisa da

Semswavlelebis yofaqcevis molodinisa da saswavlo saSualebaTa rolis gan-

sazRvris kuTxiT. saklaso oTaxi, romelSic swavlebis avtoritaruli meTodebi

gamoiyeneba, Zalze gansxvavdeba im garemosagan, sadac moswavleebi aqtiuri agen-

tebi arian da maswavleblebi mxardaWerasa da xelSewyobas uzrunvelyofen. Ees

punqti momxmareblebs sTavazobs ganixilon klasebis socialur xasiaTTan da-

kavSirebuli ofciebi da gakeTebuli arCevanis mniSvneloba. momxmarebelTa

yuradRebis centrSi eqceva evropis sabWos gamocema `komunikacia Tanamedrove

enebis klasSi~ (avtori j. Seilsi), romelSic aRniSnuli sakiTxebi amomwura-

vadaa ganxiluli.

42

6. 4. 3. teqstebi

am punqtSi warmodgenili ofciebi exeba sasaubro da werilobiTi teqste-

bis rolsa da bunebas rogorc recefciul, ise produqtiul WrilSi, enis Ses-

wavlisa da swavlebisaTvis. maT ganxilvamde, momxmarebelma kidev erTxel unda

gadaavlos Tvali punqts 4.6.

6. 4. 4. davalebebi da aqtivobebi

mocemul ofciebs Soris arCevanis gakeTebisas, sasurvelia me-7 Tavis

ganxilva, romelSic es sakiTxebi sakmaod siRrmiseuladaa mowodebuli.

6. 4. 5. sakomunikacio strategiebi

strategiebi, romelTa meSveobiTac xdeba Semswavlelis kompetenciebis mo-

qmedebaSi moyvana, roca xdeba sakomunikacio aqtivobebSi CarTva, detaluradaa

ganxiluli 4.4 punqtis qvepunqtebSi, radgan isini exeba yovel àqtivobas~ (pro-

ducireba, recefcia, interaqcia, mediacia). Aam strategiebis ganviTarebiT

daintereseba enis Seswavlasa da swavlebasTan sakomunikacio midgomis erT-erTi

niSania, ganasxvavebs ra mas adrindeli midgomebisagan, romlebic enis codnas

TviTmiznis WrilSi ganixilavda. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis ganxilvisas, mkiTxvelebi

yuradRebiT unda gaecnon punqts 4.4.

6. 4. 6. zogadi kompetenciebi

punqti 5.1 farTod exeba komunikaciaSi enis momxmareblis zogadi kompe-

tenciebis mniSvnelovan rols. Tumca, definiciidan gamomdinare, isini uSualod

enas ar exeba. amitom gadasawyvetia, Tu ra adgili unda mieCinos maT enis kursSi

(Tu es saerTod saWiroa). Ees punqti mraval ofcias gvTavazobs. maTi ganxilvi-

sas, momxmareblebma SeiZleba moisurvon ama Tu im ofciis SerCeviT miRebuli

Sedegebis ganWvreta, rac me-4 Tavze dayrdnobiT udna moxdes.

6. 4. 7. enobrivi kompetenciebi

Tqmac zedmetia, rom enobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas udidesi

mniSvneloba aqvs meore an ucxo enis SeswavlisaTvis. cxovrebiseuli ga-

mocdileba da mSobliuri enis kompetenciis ganviTareba, raRa Tqma unda, xels

uwyobs garkveulwilad sakomunikacio kompetenciis sxva komponentebis ganvi-

Tarebas. gasarkvevia, ra adgili unda mieCinos maT meore an ucxo enis swavle-

baSi. Tumca, ZiriTadi problema is aris, rom mocemuli enebis arcodna komuni-

kaciis mTavari Semaferxebeli faqtoria. enobrivi codnisa da unaris mraval-

ferovani komponentebis efeqturad swavleba maswavlebelTa pasuxismgeblobis

arsebiTi nawilia. Yyvela enobrivi sistema sakmaod kompleqsuria. kompleqsuro-

bas ganapirobebs is faqti, rom isini evoluciurad viTardeba, socialur gare-

moSi mimdinare organuli procesebis saSualebiT da logikur konstruqciebs ar

warmoadgens. rogorc ukve vnaxeT me-4 TavSi, nebismier enas udidesi leqsikuri

da gramatikuli resursebi gaaCnia da faqtiurad yvela SemTxvevaSi, udidesi

Zalisxmevaa saWiro maTi aqtiuri daxvewisaTvis, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT drois

xangrZlivobaze. droisa da xelmisawvdomi adamianuri da materialuri resurse-

bis optimalurad gamoyeneba is problemaa, romelsac uamravi adamiani awydeba,

rogorc partniori swavlis TvalsazrisiT. partniorTa erTi nawilis mier

gakeTebuli arCevani yvela danarCenze zegavlenas axdens. ase rom, saWiroa gark-

veuli koordinacia ormxriv informaciaze dayrdnobiT. mizans warmoadgens Se-

43

Tavsebadoba da ara erTgvarovneba. kompetenciebis am punqtSi, iseve rogorc

yvela danarCenSi, vecadeT xelmisawvdomi ofciebi srulyofilad warmogvedgina.

xarvezebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, momxmarebels vTxovT mogvawodon ofciebi sa-

kuTari codnis, gamocdilebisa da gagebis mixedviT, rac aucileblad gamoadge-

baT momaval momxmareblebs.

6. 4. 7. 1. _ 6. 4. 7. 3. leqsikoni

aq aRnusxuli ofciebi, ra Tqma unda, ormxrivad eqskluziuri ar aris.

momxmareblebs SeuZliaT mogvawodon meTodebi, maTi gamoyenebisaTvis saWiro

kombinaciebi da moculoba.

6. 4. 7. 4. _ 6. 4. 7. 8. gramatikuli kompetenciebi

gramatikis swavleba enis swavlebis, albaT, yvelaze ufro sadavo da

imavdroulad mniSvnelovani aspeqtia. midgomebi sakmaod gansxvavebulia,

zogierTi ganyenebuli formalobaa, zogic molodini imisa, rom Semswavleli

TandaTanobiT aiTvisebs gramatikas, yovelgvari formaluri instruqtirebis ga-

reSe ise, rogorc es xdeba patarebis SemTxvevaSi pirveli enis swavlisas. arse-

bobs didi xnis tradicia, romlis mixedviTac, enis swavlisas progresi fasdeba

Semswavlelis unaris testirebiT, uSecdomod Seasrulos gramatikuli savar-

jiSoebi. am amocanas ramdenadme arTulebs is faqti, rom bunebrivi enebi Sorsaa

idealurad mdgradi sistemebis formirebisagan (SeadareT mocemuli gzamkvlevis

6.5 punqti). skolis moswavleebisaTvis gramatika erTgvari inteleqtualuri bar-

ieria, dakavSirebuli wminda formalur sizustesTan da gamousadegari _

mniSvnelobis gadmosacemad.

sinamdvileSi, piriqiT xdeba. Ggramatikis daxvewa gvaTavisuflebs

calkeuli niSnebis damaxsovrebis aucileblobisagan. Eenis swavlebisas gramati-

kis ugulebelyofa iwvevs SemswavlelTa dezorientaciasa da `fijinizacias~,

radgan amocanebi, Tavisuflad metyvelebis unari da sizuste erTmaneTTan wi-

naaRmdegobaSi modis. rogor mivaRwioT saTanado balanss? ra roli unda

iTamaSos gaTviTcnobierebulobam? ra adgili unda daeTmos savarjiSoebs? ram-

den xans SesZleben Semswavlelebi gramatikuli wesebis àtanas~ gamoyenebad

enasTan mimarTebis gareSe? rogoria asakis, gamocdilebis, ganaTlebis, goniere-

bisa da Semswavlelis tipis zegavlena?

es punqti ar gvawvdis arc pasuxebs da arc ofciaTa detalur sias. is

gansakuTrebulad amaxvilebs yuradRebas: a) faqtorebze, romlebic zegavlenas

axdens gramatikuli aspeqtebis mowesrigebaze enis kursebze; b) alternatiul da

damatebiT meTodebze, romlebic xels uwyobs gramatikuli kompetenciis ganvi-

Tarebas da g) savarjiSoTa formebis CamonaTvalze. mivesalmebiT momxmarebelTa

TanamSromlobas mocemuli punqtis Semdgomi ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.

kompetenciebi ar cdilobs daadginos zogadi wesebi da procedurebi

gramatikuli kursis Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis SesarCevad, Semoifargleba ram-

denime ZiriTadi SeniSvniT Tanamimdevrulobis Sesaxeb. standartuli gamoyenebis

gramatika xelmisawvdomia enaTa umravlesobisaTvis da momxmarebels vurCevT mis

gamoyenebas kursebis, testebis da a. S. gramatikuli Sinaarsis arCevisas. Mmomx-

mareblebma unda moaxdinon konsultirebuli gamoyenebiTi gramatikis identifi-

cireba.

6. 4. 7. 9. gamoTqma

es punqti uzrunvelyofs meTodebis CamonaTvals, romelTagan mxolod

ramdenimea kombinirebadi. vfiqrobT ra, Tu rogor gavuadviloT Semswavlels

zepiri naTqvamis gageba da formireba, momxmareblebs vurCevT isargeblon 5.1.4.2

da 5.2.1.4 punqtebiT da gzamkvlevis SeniSvnebiT am punqtebis Sesaxeb.

44

6. 4. 7. 10. orTografia

es punqti exeba enis werilobiT formas. mSobliuri enis ganviTarebisas,

bavSvis kontroli sametyvelo enaze, misi fonologiis CaTvliT, wera-kiTxvis

Seswavlamde, sakmaod kargia. anbanuri werilobiTi sistemebi ZiriTadad fone-

muria. magaliTad, finuri ena aseTia. Aam SemTxvevaSi, bavSvs sWirdeba ufro

metad gaTviTcnobiereba sityvaTa fonemur agebulebaSi da konkretuli fonemis

konkretul asosTan asocireba, raTa SesZlos nebismieri sityvis an winadadebis

dawera; da piriqiT, mas SeuZlia nebismieri dawerili sityva gamosTqvas spe-

cialuri swavlis gareSe. sxva sistemebSi (magaliTad, Cinuri) romlebic logo-

grafiulia, sityvebi da ara fonemebi warmodgenilia niSnebis saxiT. bavSvebi

cal-calke swavloben yoveli sityvis aRmniSvnel niSans. roca maT xvdebaT ax-

ali sityva metyvelebaSi, ar ician, rogor daweron is, da piriqiT, roca xvdebaT

axali sityva werilobiTi formiT, ar ician rogor gamosTqvan is.

Mmraval evropul enaSi (magaliTad, inglisurSi) ZiriTadad fonemaze da-

fuZnebuli anbanuri werilobiTi sistema daamaxinja istoriulma bgeraTa

cvlilebam (magaliTad, didi xmovnis cvlileba inglisurSi), rac asaxuli ar

iyo werilobiTi formiT, nawilobriv etimologiuri faqtorebis gamo (rogori-

caa survili, klasikuri an Tanamedrove enebidan nasesxeb sityvebs SeunarCundes

originaluri werilobiTi forma) da nawilobriv winaswar gamiznuli politikis

Sedegad, romelic gansxvavebul werilobiT formebs homofonebs miawers (erT-

nairi JReradobis, magram gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobis sityvebi). Sedegad, aseTma

enebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios ucxoeli Semswavlelebis (da TviT bavSvebis) mier

fonemuri da logografiuli principebis arevdareva, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca

asoebis saxelebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba maTi mniSvnelobebisagan. mravali

sityvis SemTxvevaSi, bgera da marTlwera urTierTprognozirebadia, magram

arcTu bolomde sarwmuno. Uucxoeli Semswavlelebi da maswavleblebi awydebian

problemaTa mTel kompleqss. mSobliuri enis mcodne Semswavlelebma unda

gaimeoron Tavdapirveli procesi, rac gulisxmobs salaparako enis ZiriTadi

formebis aTvisebas da Semdeg iswavlon maTi wera (`fonetikuri~ meTodi), Tu

daiwyon werilobiTi formebiT, romlebic ufro miesadageba teqstebsa da sax-

elmZRvaneloebs, da Semdeg iswavlon maTi gamoTqma? Sesabamisad, axali sityvebi

jer zepiri da Semdeg werilobiT formiT iqnes Setanili, Tu imisda mixedviT,

romeli forma aRmoCndeba pirveli TanamimdevrobaSi, rogorc es xdeba yovel-

dRiur cxovrebaSi? rogor iswavlon Semswavlelebma im formebis wera, romle-

bic, magaliTad, radio an satelevizio gadacemebSi SexvdebaT, an adgilobriv

mosaxleobasTan saubarSi? rogor SesZleben isini saubarSi im sityvaTa forme-

bis arCevas, romelTac kiTxvis procesSi waawydnen? Aam punqtSi mocemuli of-

ciebi aRniSnuli problemuri kvanZis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs exeba da moicavs 5.21.6

punqtSi wamoWril orToepiul sakiTxebsac. Ees ofciebi CamonaTvals qmnis da

sxvadasxvagvarad kombinirebadia.

6. 4. 8. sociolingvisturi kompetenciebi


aq mocemuli ofciebi mWidro kavSirSia 5.2.2 da 5.2.3 punqtebTan. Yyvela

SemTxvevaSi, erTi ofcia unda uSvebdes mocemuli kompetenciebis an strategie-

bis ubralod gadacemas mSobliuri enis gamoyenebidan. Ees ofcia ar gulisxmobs

kompetenciebis marginalizacias an uaryofas. sxva CamoTvlili ofciebic

yuradRebiT unda iqnes ganxiluli me-4 Tavis punqtebTan da am punqtebis Sesaxeb

gzamkvlevSi mocemul SeniSvnebTan erTad.

45

6. 5. Secdomebi

enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa da Sefasebis arcerTi meTodologia ar iqneba

srulad ganxiluli, Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT Secdomebsac. tradiciulad,

Semswavlelis warmateba an CaWra fasdeba misTvis davalebis micemiT da am da-

valebis Sesrulebisas daSvebuli Secdomebis daTvliT. davaleba SeiZleba iyos

gramatikuli savarjiSoebi, Targmani mSobliuridan ucxo enaze da piriqiT

(pirveli da meore enis farglebSi), savarjiSoebi ramdenime savaraudo pasuxiT,

an nebismieri sxva varianti, rac moiTxovs dadebiT an uaryofiT pasuxs. im dros,

roca realur droSi saerTaSoriso komunikacia naklebad aucilebeli iyo da

klasikur enebsac jer kidev Zlieri gavlena hqonda, enis swavla saganmanaTle-

blo kuTxiT, gulisxmobda mkacri inteleqtualuri disciplinis uzrunvelyo-

fas, axalgazrdebis momzadebas kompleqsur da mxolod nawilobriv mdgrad

sistemebTan didi yuradRebiTa da sizustiT muSaobisaTvis.

enis swavlebam sakomunikacio mizniT, danergvisTanave eWvs qveS daayena

tradiciuli swavlebis Rirebulebebi da miznebi. Ddavalebis is tipebi, romle-

bic eqvemdebareboda Secdomebis daTvlas, amzadebda Semswavlelebs komuni-

kaciisaTvis Tu metad xelovnuri iyo am mizniT gamoyenebisaTvis? midgoma, ro-

melic gulisxmobda davalebaTa zustad Sesrulebaze fiqrs da romelsac ax-

lda SiSi umecrad gamoCenisa Secdomebis daSvebis SemTxvevaSi, gamarTlebuli

iyo Tu ara sakomunikacio gamowvevebisaTvis Tavis gasarTmevad? xom ar xdeboda

Semswavleli zedmetad frTxili, morcxvic ki, rac ganapirobebda uaris Tqmas

riskze da Semofargvlas mxolod imiT, rac usafrTxo da ukve naswavli iyo? Tu

orive, enis Tavisuflad floba da sizuste warmatebis kriteriumi iyo, xom ar

xdeboda maTi miRweva gamoyenebis farglebis zedmetad SezRudvis xarjze? xde-

boda SemswavlelTa gadamzadeba enis codnis srulyofisaTvis? xom ar arTmevda

mTeli es procesi axalgazrdebis farTo masas, inteleqtualuri elitis gamok-

lebiT, motivacias da xom ar ganapirobebda maT marginalizacias, rac xels

SeuSlida samomavlod maT momzadebas saerTaSoriso komunikaciisaTvis? Mmeore

mxriv, sakomunikacio efeqturoba, rogorc kriteriumi, sakmaod mdgradi iyo. enis

pleonazmi gulisxmobda, rom paralingvisturi JestebiT Sevsebuli `fi-

jizebuli” ena, SesaZloa efeqturi yofiliyo TanamgrZnob msmenelTan komuni-

kaciis damyarebisaTvis. iyo es misaRebi saganmanaTleblo TvalsazrisiT? ra

zegavlenas moaxdenda igi saerTaSoriso urTierTobaze? xom ar iyo es kidev

erTi magaliTi standartebidan gadaxvevisa, miRwevis dabali maCveneblis ad-

vilad miReba _ aseTi midgomiT `nebismieri gamodgeba~? Secdomebis gaTvalis-

winebiT Sefasebas gaaCnia kidev erTi teqnikuri argumenti Tavisda sasargeblod

_ is kargad gasagebi da praqtikulia. arsebobs sxva gza enis SefardebiTi cod-

nis Sesamowmeblad, progresis monitoringisa da problemebis identificire-

bisaTvis?

amJamindeli midgomebi, mosazrebebi da praqtika sakmaod mravalferovania:

am punqtSi warmodgenili ofciebis mizania daafiqros momxmareblebi da xeli

Seuwyos maT sakuTari midgomisa da praqtikis gaziarebaSi im aspeqtTan mimarTe-

baSi, romlebic jer kidev sakmaod sakamaToa.

46

nawili 7 _ davalebebi da maTi roli enis swavlebaSi

es Tavi sakmaod detalurad da siRrmiseulad ganixilavs sakiTxebs,

romelTac didi mniSvneloba aqvs sakomunikacio enis SeswavlaSi, swavlebasa da

SefasebaSi, rac taqsonomiuradaa mimoxiluli punqtSi 4.3. momxmareblebs

SeuZliaT es Tavi gzamkvlevis 6.4.4 punqtSi mocemul ofciebTan erTad

waikiTxon.

7. 1. davalebis aRwera

davalebaze dafuZnebuli swavla, bunebrivia, Zlieri da mzardi tendenciaa

sakomunikacio midgomis farglebSi. es punqti ganixilavs enis yoveldRiur

gamoyenebasa da enis swavlebis klasSi arsebul davalebaTa gansxvavebuli

tipebis maxasiaTeblebs.

7. 2. davalebis Sesruleba: kompetenciebi, davalebis pirobebi,

SezRudvebi da strategiebi.

7. 3. davalebis sirTule

es punqti mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli me-4 Tavis ramdenime punqtTan, ro-

melic exeba sxvadasxva sirTulis sakomunikacio davalebebis Sesrulebas, Ziri-

Tadad, saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi. kompetenciebis momxmareblebs saSualeba

eZlevaT gaiTvaliswinon isini, dagegmon davalebaze orientirebuli meTodebis

gamoyeneba enis swavlebaSi da mogvawodon pasuxebi sxva monawileTa mier das-

mul zemoxsenebul SekiTxvebze.

nawili 8 _ enobrivi mravalferovneba da kurikulumi

Eevropuli sazogadoeba aris da iqneba mravalenovani (multilingvuri) da

mravalkulturuli. mis farglebSi mzardi TavisuflebiTa da damoukideblobiT

moqmedebisaTvis, individebi, rogorc socialuri agentebi, unda gaxdnen ufro

mravalenovani (plurilingvurebi) da mravalkulturulebi. momxmareblebma unda

gaiTvaliswinon, rom sityva `multi~ aq erT sazogadoebaSi ramdenime enisa da

kulturis Tanaarsebobis aRsaniSnavad gamoiyeneba, xolo sityva `pluri~ aRniS-

navs erTi individis mier ramdenime enis da kulturis codnas. individi SeiZleba

plurilingvuri iyos monolingvur sazogadoebaSi da piriqiT, SeiZleba erTeno-

vanad (unilingvalad) darCes multilingvur sazogadoebaSi. ufro metic, mrava-

lenovani (plurilingvali) individi sxvadasxva enebs `wyalgaumtar kupeebSi~ ki

ar inaxavs, aramed axdens maT integrirebas gamdidrebul komunikaciur kompe-

tenciaSi, rac ukve ganmartebulia kompetenciebis 1.3 punqtSi. Cven dainterese-

bulni varT axlandeli da momavali moqalaqeebis plurilingvuri ganviTarebiT

Cvens multilingvur evropul sazogadoebaSi.

Nnawilebi 4-6, ZiriTadad exeba aspeqtebs, romlebic saWiroa mocemul

enaze komunikaciisaTvis amave enis sxva momxmarebelTan da am unaris ganvi-

Tareba-xelSewyobas. punqti 6.1.3 exeba individualuri plurilingvizmis da

plurikulturizmis ganviTarebas. Tavi 8 ganixilavs maT saganmanaTleblo

politikis kuTxiT. argumenti naTlad da damajerebladaa Camoyalibebuli, da ar

saWiroebs TiTqmis aranair komentars.

47

8. 1. definicia da sawyisi midgoma

am punqtis pirveli paragrafi momdinareobs 6.1.3. punqtidan. is aRniSnavs,

rom mravalenovani kompetencia `warmoadgens ara gansxvavebuli kompetenciebis

SeTavseba-misadagebas, aramed ufro kompleqsuri kompetenciis arsebobaa, rom-

liTac momxmarebeli isargeblebs~. Semdeg mocemulia SemoTavazebebi saganma-

naTleblo midgomebisa da amocanebis kuTxiT.

8. 2. ofciebi kurikulumis formirebisaTvis

aq aqcenti keTdeba mravalenovnebis mniSvnelobaze saganmanaTleblo

dagegmvaSi. axalgazrda adamianis zogadi komunikaciuri kompetenciis ganvi-

Tareba Tanamimdevruli procesis saxiT unda daigegmos da ar unda war-

moadgendes calkeuli, kurikulumTan garkveul mimarTebaSi armyofi sagnebis

gaerTianebas. kompetenciebis Tanaxmad, kolegebis TanamSromloba erTiani sas-

kolo politikis konteqstSi, aucilebelia im mizniT, rom ofciaTa identifi-

kaciisa da gadawyvetilebaTa miRebisas, moxdes gamWvirvale da Tanamimdevruli

midgomis SemuSaveba~.

8. 3. kurikulumis scenaris mimarTulebi

es punqti ganixilavs pirncipebs, romelTa mixedviTac SeiZleba Seiqmnas

integrirebuli kurikulumebi, romlebic moicavs enebs mravalenovan (pluril-

ingvur) WrilSi. magaliTebi mocemulia sami ucxo enis mixedviT. kurikulumebi

moicavs dawyebiT, sabazo da saSualo ganaTlebas da Sesabamisad saWiroebs

koordinirebul dagegmvas ara mxolod imiT, rom skolaSi swavlebis yovel

etaps kompetenciis sakuTari sfero aqvs, aramed im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiTac,

rom erTi saSualo skola SeiZleba emsaxurebodes ramdenime dawyebiTi skolis

momcvel kontingents da piriqiT. aqedan gamomdinare, kurikulumis Seqmna

moxdeba adgilobriv an regionul bazaze dayrdnobiT, Tumca masSi gaTvalis-

winebuli iqneba, swavlis arsTan urTierTobaSi, mravalferovnebac.

8. 4. Sefaseba da skola, skolisgareSe da skolis Semdgomi swavla

es punqti damatebiT ganixilavs ganaTlebis mniSvnelobas mravalenovan

(plurilingvur) WrilSi, maT Soris: skolis damamTavrebel etapze sxvadasxva

profilis validobis cnobis aucileblobas; skolis, rogorc aseTi, dawese-

bulebis saWiroebas, sadac miRebuli ganaTleba adamians cxovrebis bolomde

gahyveba; nawilobrivi kompetenciebis momcvel portfolios upiratesobebs, rac

plurilingvuri kompetenciis warmodgenis saSualeba iqneba da modulze da-

fuZnebuli sertificirebis Rirebulebas. Tavis daskvnaSi naTqvamia: `Cven winaSe

dgas amocana, ganvaxorcieloT proeqtebi da CavataroT eqsperimentuli samuSao

saskolo garemoSi da mraval sxva konteqstSi~. kompetenciebi guliTadad mie-

salmeba aseTi eqsperimentuli samuSaos Catarebas momxmarebelTa mier da maTi

miRwevebis moxsenebas evropis sabWosaTvis.

48

nawili 9 _ Sefaseba

kompetenciebi aris saerTo evropuli CarCo enis Seswavlis, swavlebisa da

SefasebisaTvis. aqamde aqcenti keTdeboda enis gamoyenebisa da enis momxmareblis

bunebaze, swavlisa da swavlebis mniSvnelobaze. Bbolo TavSi yuradReba

gadatanilia kompetenciebis funqciebze enis flobis SefasebasTan mimarTebaSi.

9. 1. Sesavali

es mokle punqti gansazRvravs mocemuli Tavis mizans.

9. 2. Sefasebis instrumentTa ganviTarebis da / an aRweris resursi

es punqti gamohyofs sam ZiriTad aspeqts, romelTa mixedviTac SesaZlebe-

lia kompetenciebis gamoyeneba:

1. gamocdilebis da testebis Sinaarsobrivi gansazRvra;

2. saswavlo amocanis dasaxvisaTvis kriteriumebis dadgena;

3. arsebuli testebisa da gamocdebis mixedviT, enis codnis doneebis

aRwera, rac SesaZlebels gaxdis Sedarebas kvalifikaciis sxvadasxva sistemebis

saSualebiT.

9. 3. Sefasebis tipebi

es punqti met-naklebi detalurobiT gvTavazobs yvelanair arCevans, ro-

melic unda gakeTdes Sefasebis proceduris CamtarebelTa mier. arCevanis vari-

antebi kontrastuli wyvilebis saxiTaa mowodebuli. Yyvela SemTxvevaSi gamo-

yenebuli terminebi mkafiodaa gansazRvruli. SedarebiTi upiratesobebi da nak-

lovanebebi ganxilulia saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi, Sefasebis daniSnulebis

TvalsazrisiT. aseve gacxadebulia ama Tu im alternatiuli ofciis Sesrulebis

mniSvneloba. Pprezentacia savsebiT gasagebia da ar saWiroebs damatebiT komen-

tirebas.

9. 4. ganxorcielebadi Sefaseba da metasistema

es punqti efuZneba dakvirvebas, rom Sefasebis praqtikuli sqema ver iqneba

srulyofili. ganxilva unda moxdes sqemis detalurobis mixedviT, magaliTad,

gamoqveynebuli sagamocdo silabusis SemTxvevaSi, im detalur gadawyvetilebeb-

Tan mimarTebaSi, romlebic exeba sagamocdo an testis furclis momzadebas.

Semfaseblebs, gansakuTrebiT zepirmetyvelebaSi, muSaoba uxdebaT sakmaod Sez-

Ruduli drois wnexs qveS da SeuZliaT gamoiyenon kriteriumebis mxolod Sez-

Ruduli raodenoba.

Tu Semswavlels Tavad surs sakuTari kvalificiurobis Sefaseba imis

dasadgenad, Tu ra unda gadalaxos momdevno etapebze, dro meti aqvs, magram

esaWiroeba seleqciuri midgoma, zogadi komunikaciuri kompetenciis komponen-

tebTan mimarTebaSi, rom isini misTvis Sesaferisi iyos. seleqciuroba SeiZleba

moicavdes martivi klasifikatori sqemis gamoyenebas, romelic, rogorc Tavad

vnaxeT sakomunikacio aqtivobebTan mimarTebaSi, SesaZloa auqmebdes zogadi

49

sqemis calkeul kategoriebs. meore mxriv, momxmarebeli SeiZleba miznad is-

axavdes zogierTi kategoriisa da misi eqsponentebis ganvrcobas ama Tu im

kuTxiT, mocemuli punqti ganixilavs wamoWril problemebs da ganxilvis ilus-

trirebas axdens ramdenime gamomcdeli organos mier SemuSavebuli sqemis,

rogorc kvalificiurobis Sesafasebeli kriteriumebis warmodgeniT. aqvea moce-

muli Sveicariis erovnuli kvleviTi sabWos proeqti video CvenebaTa Sefase-

bisaTvis, romelsac efuZneba me-8-9 Tavebis didi nawili da danarTi. cxrili 13

gvTavazobs kriteriumebis deskriptorebs, romlebic gamoyenebul unda iqnes

zogadi kvalificiurobis Sesafaseblad Cvens mier ukve xsenebul eqvsive doneze,

rogorc gamoyenebiTi standartis vertikaluri ganzomilebis safuZveli.

Tavi 9 saSualebas miscems mraval momxmarebels, ufro Rrmad Caswvdnen da

kritikulad ganixilon sajaro gamocdebis silabusebi da gaigon ra saxis in-

formacia unda warmoadginon gamomcdelma organoebma amocanaTa, Sinaarsis,

kriteriumebisa da erovnul Tu saerTaSoriso doneze sakvalifikacio gamocde-

bis proceduraTa Sesaxeb (magaliTad ALTE, ICC). maswavlebelTa trenerebs saSu-

aleba miecemaT gazardon maswavlebelTa gaTviTcnobierebulobis xarisxi, Se-

fasebis sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi rogorc sawyisi, ise kvalifikaciis asamaRle-

beli treningis farglebSi. isic aRsaniSnavia, rom maswavleblebs sul ufro

meti pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT moswavleebisa da studentebis Sefasebisas

rogorc formaciul, ise Semajamebel safexurze (SeadareT 9.3.5). Semswavleleb-

sac aqtiurad movuwodebT TviTSefasebisaken, iqneba es cxrili, kurikulumi Tu

moxseneba maT mier im enebze komunikaciis unaris Sesaxeb, romlebic, formaluri

gagebiT maTTvis ar uswavlebiaT, magram exmareba maT mravalenovan (pluriling-

vur) ganviTarebaSi (SeadareT Tavi 7). Eevropis enis portfolio SesaZlebels

xdis SemswavlelTaTvis, dokumentis saxe misces sakuTar progress pluriling-

vuri kompetenciis TvalsazrisiT _ aRnusxon enaTa Seswavlisas miRebuli

yovelgvari gamocdileba, rac SesaZlebelia adre ar iyo cnobili da damowme-

buli. portfolio xels uwyobs Semswavlelebs, rom maT mier yoveli enis Ses-

wavlisas, kvalificiurobis TviTSefasebaze aRnusxuli informacia regularu-

lad ganaxlebas eqvemdebarebodes. Ddidi mniSvneloba aqvs, dokumentis sarwmu-

noobis TvalsazrisiT, masSi informaciis Setanas pasuxismgeblobiTa da

gamWvirvaled. am SemTxvevaSi kompetenciebiT sargebloba gansakuTrebiT Rire-

bulia.

evropis sabWo moxaruli iqneba miiRos informacia yvela im pirisagan,

vinc monawileobs SefasebaSi calkeul doneebze. sainteresoa, rogorc maTi ga-

mocdileba kompetenciebiT muSaobisas, kerZod misi me-9 TaviTa da danarTiT

sargeblobis Sesaxeb. Mme-3, me-4, me-5 TavebTan da A-D danarTebTan erTad, me-9 Ta-

vis mier kompetenciebis Sesaxeb mowodebuli informacia, sruliad zedmets xdis

Sefasebis Sesaxeb calke Tavis CarTvas gzamkvlevSi. testis SemuSavebasa da sa-

jaro gamocdilebis administrireba-CatarebaSi monawile profesionalebisaTvis

SeiZleba saintereso iyos me-9 Tavis ganxilva ufro specializebul dokument-

Tan erTad, rogoricaa, m. milanoviCis (ALTE) xelmZRvanelobiT momzadebuli `ga-

mocda enaSi da testis SemuSaveba~. evropis sabWos es gamocema, romelic deta-

lurad exeba testis SemuSavebasa da Sefasebas da warmoadgens me-9 Tavis

damatebasac, aseve gvTavazobs mocemuli kuTxiT damatebiT sakiTxav literatu-

ras, danarTs sakiTxis analizis Sesaxeb da terminologiur saZiebels. Ees

gzamkvlevi, saxelwodebiT `gamocda enaSi da testis SemuSaveba~ xelmisawvdomia

calkec, ris gamoc saWirod ar CavTvaleT aq mis Sesafaseblad calke Tavis Se-

motana.

50

zogadi bibliografia

bibliografia moicavs:

1. naSromebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebul iqna kompetenciebis momzadebisas

2. naSromebs, romlebic SeiZleba sasargeblo aRmoCndes momxmareblebisaT-

vis Semdgomi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT.

zogadi bibliografia iyofa or nawilad. Ppirveli moicavs zogadi gamo-

yenebis naSromebs, romlebmac maTSi arsebuli Temebis farTo speqtris gaTval-

iswinebiT, SeiZleba momxmarebelTa daintereseba gamoiwvion. naSromebi, romle-

bic gansakuTrebiT miesadageba kompetenciebis TiToeul Tavs, anbanuri wyobiT,

Tavebis mixedviTaa dalagebuli.

DdamatebiTi specializebuli SeniSvnebis moZieba SesaZlebelia A da C

danarTebSi.

srulyofili vercerTi bibliografia ver iqneba. sxva Semdgenlebs is

SeiZleba gansxvavebuli siis saxiT moewodebinaT. Uufro metic, kompetenciebSi

ganxiluli sakiTxebis codnisa da gagebis srulyofisaTvis Semotanili metad

Rirebuli wvlilis moculoba yovelwliurad izrdeba. ramdenime naSromi ukve

gamoviyeneT. momxmareblebma, romelTac ar surT CamorCnen Semdgom ganviTarebas,

Tvalyuri unda adevnon gamomcemlebisa da wignis maRaziebis katalogebs, rom-

lebSic mocemulia yvela axali naSromi. aseve marTebulia im gamofenebis daT-

valiereba, romlebic maswavlebelTa asociaciebis Sekrebebs ukavSirdeba da

JurnalebSi mowodebuli mimoxilvebis gacnoba.

danarTi A: kvalificiurobis deskriptorebis SemuSaveba

es danarTi rCevasa da direqtivebs aZlevs momxmareblebs, romelTac

ganzraxuli aqvT SeimuSaon kvalificiurobis sakuTari skala, rac maT saSuale-

bas miscems ufro metad dahyon is eqvsi done, romelsac efuZneba zogadi

daniSnulebis sistema (ix. Ppunqti 3,5). mocemuli danarTi wakiTxul unda iqnes

me-3 da me-9 TavebTan, agreTve, me-4 da me-5 TavebSi mocemul skalebTan da Tanam-

dev danarTebTan erTad. Semdgomi gamoyenebisaTvis mocemulia anotirebuli

bibliografiac.

danarTi B: deskriptorebis ilustraciuli skalebi

kompetenciebSi mocemuli skalebi, metwilad, SemuSavebul iqna Sveicariis

erovnuli samecniero kvleviTi sabWos proeqtTan kavSirSi. Ees danarTi moicavs

aRniSnuli proeqtis meTodologiis angariSs da gzebs, romlebiTac gamo-

yenebuli skalebi da deskriptorebi Segrovda, gamoicada da SeirCa. mocemulia

mokle bibliografiac, rasac Tan axlavs me-4 da me-5 TavebSi arsebuli skalebis

mimoxilva. dabolos, CamoTvlilia enis codnis amsaxveli mravali skala, ro-

melic wyaros saxiT iqna gamoyenebuli zemoxsenebul Sveicarul proeqtSi.

danarTi C: DIALANG-is skalebi

es danarTi iZleva DIALANG-is proeqtis mokle angariSs SeniSvnebiT ro-

melmac SeimuSava kompetenciebis skalebTan mWidrod misadagebuli TviTSefase-

bis skalebi ToTxmeti enisaTvis.

51

danarTi D: ALTE-s `Can-do~ (`me SemiZlia~) gancxadebebi

ALTE aris evropis enaSi gamomcdelTa asociacia. igi aseve aerTianebs

ramdenime organizacias im evropuli qveynebidan, romlebic pasuxismgebelni ar-

ian enaSi codnis damdgen sajaro gamocdebze. asociacia xels uwyobs evropis

masStabiT enis swavlebis saerTo kompetenciebis ganviTarebas, axdens ra saku-

Tari wevrebis mier, enis gamoyenebis ZiriTadi doneebis, zogadi kompetenciebis

farglebSi, SemoTavazebuli gamocdebis sworxazovnad dalagebas. aRniSnuli

doneebi ganisazRvreba `Can-do~ gancxadebebis mixedviT da kargad miesadageba

kompetenciebis deskriptorebs. gancxadebebi amgvarad SeiZleba davajgufoT: 1)

socialuri da turistuli; 2) samuSao; 3) saswavlo, da gansakuTrebiT daa-

interesebs aRniSnul sferoebTan kavSirSi myof momxmareblebs.

numeracia

ZiriTadi koncefciebisa da terminebis numeracia aadvilebs gzamkvleviT

sargeblobas.

52

Ufnb!JJ!

Seswavla / swavlebis procesis

uSualo monawileTaTvis

!!!!!!!!!!!

53

!!

Ubwj!JJ!!

gzamkvlevi zrdasruli SemswavlelebisaTvis

avtorebi: f. rili, s. beili da m. j. gremo

kvlevebisa da enebSi pedagogiuri aplikaciebis centri

(CRAPEL) universiteti-nansi 2.

Sinaarsi:

Sesavali

1. moTxovnaTa analizi

2. gagebisa da gamoxatvis unarebi

3. Sromis organizacia

4. meTodologia

5. Sefaseba

6. swavlis tipebi

Sesavali

Ees Tavi gaTvlilia ucxo enebis zrdasrul Semswavlelebze. Mmisi mizania

maTi swavlis unaris gaumjobeseba (kompetenciebi 5.1.4 / 6.3.5) da daxmareba ucxo

enebis SeswavlaSi. safuZvlad gamoiyeneba Tanamedrove enebi: Seswavla, swavleba,

Sefaseba; zogadevropuli kompetenciebi da evropis sabWos Tanamedrove enebis

proeqtis araerTi publikacia. Aam Tavs aqvs `Teoriuli~ nawilic swavlis

kuTxiT, zogadi rCevis formiT, anu dasamaxsovrebeli principebi; teqnikuri ter-

minebis raodenoba SeZlebisdagvarad Semcirebulia, iseve rogorc momxmarebelTa

gamocdilebasTan dakavSirebuli praqtikuli magaliTebi, radgan yvela

SemTxvevaSi figurirebs Semswavleli.

nawili 1 _ moTxovnaTa analizi (ix. Kkompetenciebi 4 / 6.1.1)

roca xels hkidebT raime programas enis Sesaswavlad (kursebze Caweris

an damoukideblad Seswavlis gziT), urigo ar iqneba, hkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs, ra-

tom gsurT enis Seswavla, an ufro ukeT vTqvaT, rogor apirebT mis gamoyenebas?

sxva sityvebiT, ra saxis situaciebSi gegmavT am enaze komunikacias?

cxadia, is, ris Tqma an gagebac unda adamians, damokidebulia situaciebze,

sadac igi an mosaubrea, an msmeneli. nebismier sakomunikacio situaciaSi, ada-

miani asrulebs garkveul socialur rols da uwevs enis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva

mizniT: saTqmelad da gasagebad, rac xSirad gansxvavdeba. magaliTad, Tu gsurT

inglisuris Seswavla turistuli mizniT, unda gaxsovdeT, rom turists ar

moeTxoveba imis swavla, rac turistul biznesSi dasaqmebul adamians (ofici-

anti, gidi, moaxle, turistuli agenti da a. S.). Tqven ar giwevT imis Tqma, rasac

54

amboben isini. magaliTad, Tu sazRvargareT turistis statusiT imyofebiT, nak-

lebad savaraudoa dagWirdeT imis codna, Tu rogor unda aRuweroT antikuri

monumenti istoriul detalebSi Tqvens winaSe mdgar jgufs ucxo enaze. gidi

rom iyoT, es aucileblad iqneboda Tqveni erT-erTi movaleobaTagani. Sesa-

bamisad, turistsa da gids arc erTi da imaves gageba esaWiroebaT. turists unda

esmodes gidis maSin, roca es ukanaskneli mocemuli dRis programaze saubrobs

an ganmartavs romelime RirSesaniSnaobis mniSvnelobas. Uufro metic, Tu ing-

lisuri mSobliuri ena ar aris, turists mouwevs ucxouri aqcentiT nala-

parakebi inglisuris gageba. rac Seexeba gids, mas unda esmodes turistebis Se-

kiTxvebisa (im doneze, rom pasuxi gasces) da saCivrebis (im doneze, rom

ganixilos) mniSvneloba.

meore aspeqti is aris, rom msgavs situaciaSi monawileTa socialuri

statusi gavlenas axdens maT saubarze: es namdvilad asea gidebis SemTxvevaSi.

urTierTobaSi isini unda iyvnen sasiamovnoebic da Tavazianebic, magram arc

zedmetad distanciurebi turistebTan, rogorc sakuTar klientebTan mimarTe-

baSi. aqedan gamomdinare, isini ecdebian Tavi aaridon rogorc metad for-

maluri, ise araformaluri gamonaTqvamebis gamoyenebas, an iseTi toniT saubars,

rac gaugebrobis mizezad SeiZleba iqces. magaliTad, ucnob inglisel tur-

istebTan saubrisas, gidebi albaT Tavs aarideben:

· slengis gamoyenebas (`See you in front of the boozer at five~) · saxeliT mimarTvas, gansakuTrebiT, ufrosi asakis klientebisa;

· iseTi frazebis gamoyenebas, rac SeiZleba araTavazianobaSi Camo-

erTvaT (`Hurry up, or we'll be late!~ nacvlad `we'd better try to hurry a bit if we don't want to be late for the show~).

· mouTmenlobis, sarkastulobis an uxeSobis gamomJRavnebas saubarSi

(ix. kompetenciebi 5.2.2)

roca mSobliur enaze vsaubrobT, instiqturad viciT rogor movaxdinoT

situaciasTan adaptireba, ase rom `talRis sigrZes~ virCevT imisda mixedviT, Tu

ramdenad nacnob adamians mivmarTavT, ra Temis irgvliv vsaubrobT da komuni-

kaciis romel saSualebas viyenebT (telefoni, werili, Ria baraTi da a.S). ucxo

enaze saubrisas komunikaciis damyarebas vcdilobT sakuTari Cvevebis meore

enaze gadataniT. Aaqedan gamomdinare, madlierebas gamovTqvamT an bodiSs vixdiT

iseT situaciebSi, romlebic Cvens sakuTar kulturaSi moiTxovs madlobis Tqmas

an bodiSis moxdas. Tumca, xSirad aseTi saqcieli ucxo kulturis CarCoebSi ver

jdeba da gaugebrobebsac ki iwvevs. magaliTad, espanelebi frangebs pirferebad

miiCneven, radgan es ukanasknelni zedmetad xSirad ixdian bodiSs da madlobas;

meore mxriv, frangebma SeiZleba espanelebi miiCnion zedmetad familiarulebad

da uzrdelebadac ki, radgan isini `SenobiT~ mimarTaven ucnobebs. sinamdvileSi,

espanelebi ubralod iyeneben urTierTobis sakuTar wesebs, rac safrangeTisaT-

vis ucxoa (ix. kompetenciebi 5.1.1)

kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:

_ SeuZliaT Tu ara maT zustad an miaxloebiT mainc ganWvriton is, ris

gakeTebac saWiro iqneba naTqvamis gadmosacemad da gasagebad;

_ rogor situaciebSi SeiZleba aRmoCndnen:

_ akmayofilebs maT mier SerCeuli saxelmZRvanelo an kursi maT sakomu-

nikacio moTxovnebs, an Tu amzadebs maT kulturuli mravalferovnebisaTvis?

N

55

nawili 2 _ gagebisa da gamoxatvis unarebi

(ix. kompetenciebi 2.1.3 / 4.4.14.4.2)

pirispir komunikacia rom SevZloT rogorc mSobliur, ise ucxo enebze,

cxadia, unda SegveZlos Tanamosaubris naTqvamis gageba da sakuTari saTqmelis

azrianad gadmocema. rogorc ukve iTqva mocemuli gzamkvlevis pirvel nawilSi,

is, rac unda gavigoT ucxo enaze, SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes Cveni saTqmelisagan

im socialuri rolis mixedviT, romelTac vasrulebT (magaliTad, gidi da tur-

isti) da amas mniSvneloba aqvs swavlisas. mocemuli punqti gvawvdis damatebiT

informacias gagebisa da gamoxatvis unarebze, rom dagvexmaros samuSaos ufro

efeqturad SesrulebaSi.

1. gagebasa da gamoxatvaSi monawile mentaluri meqanizmebi gansxvavebu-

lia. tvini erTnairad ar funqcionirebs, roca ama Tu im Setyobinebis

mniSvnelobis gagebas vcdilobT da roca sakuTar miznebs, azrebsa da grZnobebs

gamovxatavT. aRniSnuli meqanizmebis codna saWiro ar aris enis SeswavlisaTvis,

magram SesaZloa gamogvadges im saswavlo aqtivobebis SerCevisas, romlebic

zemoxsenebul gansxvavebas iTvaliswinebs.

gagebis procesi hipoTezebs iyenebs: roca vcdilobT gavigoT vinmes

naTqvami, situaciis sakuTari codnis an sasaubro Temis mixedviT, vagebT hipo-

Tezebs misi mniSvnelobis irgvliv. es codna saSualebas gvaZlevs, met-naklebi

sizustiT, gamovicnoT ras amboben mocemul momentSi, ra SeiZleba Tqmuliyo

manamde da ra SeiZleba iTqvas Semdeg. miniSnebebi, romlebsac movipovebT Cveni

Tanamosaubris laparakis procesSi, adasturebs an aqarwylebs am hipoTezebs.

miniSnebebi SeiZleba iyos enobrivi (nacnobi sityvebi, frazebi an mTeli wi-

nadadebebi) an vizualuri (adamiani, romelic saubrobs nasiamovnebi,

gabrazebuli, Tavmobezrebuli Cans, imuqreba da a.S). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

faqtiurad, gageba ar moiTxovs TiToeul bgerasa da sityvaze gamodevnebas. (ix.

kompetenciebi 4.4.2 / 4.5.2.1)

meore mxriv, TviTgamoxatva gulisxmobs individis mier mocemul situaci-

aSi yvela xelmisawvdomi sakomunikacio resursis gamoyenebas, sakuTari azris an

grZnobis gamosaxatavad, sxva adamianebisgan ramis misaRebad, an nacnobobis

dasamyareblad. yvelaze mTavari aris TanamosaubreTa mier Cveni naTqvamis gageba.

am mxriv, unda gvaxsovdes erTi martivi faqti, rom gamoxatva aris ara

calmxrivi, aramed ormxrivi procesi: is gulisxmobs TanamosaubreTa naTqvamis

gaTvaliswinebasac, maTi reaqciebis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT, rom mudmivad vakon-

troloT ras da rogor vambobT. magaliTad, roca erTi Tanamosaubre aSkarad

ar eTanxmeba meores naTqvams an ver igebs mas, bunebrivia mosaubre Secvlis /

gaaumjobesebs / gaamartivebs / gardaqmnis sakuTar naTqvams an gaCerdeba (albaT,

momentalurad) (ix. kompetenciebi 4.4.1 / 4.5.2.2).

mosaubris umTavresi prioriteti sakuTari miznebis miRwevaa da zogjer

amisTvis yvelaze SemzRudveli saSualebebis gamoyenebac ki sakmarisia. wli-

naxevris bavSvs SeuZlia erTi sityviT gaagebinos dedas yvelaze rTuli movle-

nac ki, im pirobiT, Tu es sityva miesadageba arsebul situacias da imas, ris

Tqmac bavSvs unda. magaliTad, bavSvis mier naTqvamma erTaderTma sityvam `fex-

sacmeli~, SeiZleba dedas bevri gansxvavebuli ram mianiSnos:

· is, rom bavSvi ver poulobs Tavis fexsacmels;

· is, rom bavSvma es-esaa Caicva Tavisi saTamaSo daTunias fexsacmeli;

· is, rom bavSvma damala Tavisi fexsacmeli da unda dedasTan erTad

`damalobana~ iTamaSos;

· is, rom bavSvma Caicva dedis fexsacmeli;

· is, rom bavSvs fexi stkiva;

· is, rom bavSvs unda dedam gaxados an Caacvas fexsacmeli.

56

2. ucxo enaze saubrisas, xSirad vawydebiT sirTuleebs gagebisa da TviT-

gamoxatvis kuTxiT. Tumca, Tu fiqrs SevwyvetT, aRmovaCenT, rom aris raRac, rac

mSobliur enazec ki rTulad gvesmis. isic aRsaniSnavia, rom mSobliur enaze

viyenebT metyvelebis erT tips, maSin roca SegviZlia gavigoT misi mravalnairi

tipi. magaliTad, pacientebs, romlebic Tavad ar arian eqimebi, SeuZliaT gaigon

sakuTari ojaxis eqimis samedicino terminebiT naubari; studentebs, romlebic

Tavad, albaT, ver SesZlebdnen swavlebas, esmiT maswavleblis saubris

mniSvneloba. Aaseve SegviZlia gavugoT bavSvebsa da ucxoelebs, miuxedavad imisa,

rom maTi ena gansxvavebulia. Yyvela CamoTvlil SemTxvevaSi Cven gvesmis, magram

es imas ar niSnavs, rom iseve SegviZlia saubari. Tumca, Cveni gagebis unaric

SezRudulia. magaliTad, es damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad kargad vicnobT

sferos mocemul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi (ix. kompetenciebi 5.1.1.1 / 7.3.1.1). Sesa-

bamisad, SezRudulia Cveni mSobliur enaze TviTgamoxatvis unaric. qvemoT moce-

mulia ramdenime magaliTi, romelic cxadyofs, Tu ramdenad SezRuduli

SeiZleba iyos Cveni gagebis an gamoxatvis unari TviT mSobliur enaze.

davuSvaT saRamos gareT atarebT da SemTxveviT SeeswariT musikosebis

saubars. Tu saubari Seexeba musikalur Teorias an harmonias, an im kompozi-

torebis qmnilebebs, romelTa Sesaxebac araferi gsmeniaT, bunebrivia, Tqven

rogorc aramusikosi, daibneviT, gagiWirdebaT mosmena da SeiZleba iseTi STa-

beWdilebac ki SegeqmnaT, rom es xalxi `raRac abdaubdaze~ saubrobs. ra Tqma

unda, eWvi ar geparebaT sakuTar unarSi mSobliur enaze naubris gagebisa, ma-

gram unda aRiaroT, rom ar gesmiT naTqvamis mniSvneloba.

SeiZleba regularulad kiTxulobdeT yvelanairi saxis gazeTebsa da

wignebs, magram Tu profesionali ar xarT, albaT, Zalze gagiWirdebaT Jurnali-

saTvis statiis an romanis dawera.

radioTi da televiziiT yoveldRiurad usmenT profesionalebis mier mo-

wodebul axal ambebs an amindis prognozs. erTi wuTiTac rom giwevdeT ro-

melime maTganis Secvla, Tu dabadebiT mimikosi ar xarT, metad gagiWirdebaT

Tavis garTmeva, radgan sainformacio gamoSvebis wamyvanebi metyveleben spe-

cialurad damuSavebul enaze, romelsac TiTqmis araferi aqvs saerTo

Cveulebriv salaparako an Tundac Sexvedrebisa da komerciuli Sexvedrebis

enasTan.

mocemuli magaliTebi cxadyofs, rom enis codna an daxvewa ar niSnavs

imas, rom yvelanair situaciaSi SesZlebT gagebas an damakmayofileblad TviTga-

moxatvas; da Tu es realobaa mSobliuri enis SemTxvevaSi, orjer ufro

realuri iqneba ucxo enasTan mimarTebaSi. ase, rom nu iqnebiT zedmetad mom-

Txovni: nu moeliT, rom SesZlebT ucxo enaze gadmosceT is, rasac mSobliur

enaze ver arTmevT Tavs.

3. kidev erTi gansxvaveba gagebasa da gamoxatvas Soris Tavs iCens imisa

mixedviT, Tu rogor viyenebT am or unars yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. roca msme-

neli ar gvyavs, iSviaTad vlaparakobT, magram gagebis aqtSi martod yofnis

drosac vmonawileobT. vcxovrobT ra masobrivi sakomunikacio saSualebebis

epoqaSi, gacilebiT ufro xSirad gviwvevs mosmena, wakiTxva an gageba, vidre

TviTgamoxatva. diliT adgomisas, vusmenT amindis prognozs, rom vicodeT

rogori iqneba dRe; samsaxurSi manqaniT mimavalni, vismenT axal ambebs an vkiTx-

ulobT avtobusSi, matarebelsa Tu metroSi; saRamos vuyurebT televizors an

vwevarT da vkiTxulobT. roca vmonawileobT aseT procesebSi, ufro metad vge-

bulobT da SeiZleba TviTgamoxatva arc dagvWirdes.

4. zemoxsenebuli sakiTxebi metad mniSvnelovania enis swavlasTan mi-

marTebaSi. saklaso oTaxSi maswavleblebi da moswavleebi maqsimalurad

cdiloben TviTgamoxatvas, radgan miiCneven, rom laparakis swavla bevrad ufro

mniSvnelovania (yvelas aqvs saTqmeli) da rTulia (uamrav gansxvavebul movle-

nasTan gviwevs urTierToba). Aase rom, gagebaze muSaoba xSirad ugulebelyo-

filia gamoxatvaze muSaobis mizeziT. magram roca Semswavlelebi uSualod

kontaqtSi Sedian im xalxTan, vis enasac swavloben, or rames acnobiereben:

57

pirveli, xSirad TviTgamoxatva imaze ufro advilia, vidre egonaT, radgan

Zalze SezRuduli resursebis gamoyenebac ki iZleva `Tavis daZvrenis~ an `gage-

binebis~ saSualebas da meore, gacilebiT ufro rTulia TanamosaubreTa

naTqvamis gageba, radgan aRmoCndeba, rom isini laparakoben `saSinlad swrafad~

an `ylapaven sityvebs~ da a. S. (ix. kompetenciebi 7.3.2.2) ase rom, Tu Semswav-

lelebi ucxo qveyanaSi imyofebian da uZneldebaT am qveynis enaze mosaubreTa

gageba, es maT araadekvatur an arasaTanado momzadebaze metyvelebs (ix. nawili

4).

uSualod gagebaze muSaobam (avTentikuri Canawerebisa da mkvidri mosau-

breebis kuTxiT Seswavla) SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos gamoxatvis gaumjobesebasac,

radgan, rac ufro meti gesmiT, miT ufro advilad swvdebiT enis muSaobis prin-

cipsa da naTqvamis mniSvnelobas. TviTgamoxatvis unaris gaumjobeseba

mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli imaze, Tu ramdenad SegviZlia dakvirveba da

mkvidri mosaubreebis metyvelebasTan asimilireba (ix. kompetenciebi 5.1.4.4) .

Sejameba: gageba da gamoxatva ori gancalkevebuli aqtivobaa, romlebic

moicavs sakuTar specifikur mentalur procesebs da SeiZleba sxvadasxva dros

ganxorcieldes. enebis kuTxiT mravalnairi saswavlo masala da savarjiSo mo-

iZebneba, rac exmareba Semswavlelebs orive unaris gavarjiSebaSi. treningi

gagebasa da gamoxatvaze SeiZleba cal-calke Catardes mocemuli momentis

moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, magram unda gaxsovdeT, rom varjiSi mxolod mety-

velebaSi ver gaaumjobesebs Tqveni gagebis unars. imisda miuxedavad, Tu romel

maTgans aniWebT upiratesobas, arcerTi unari ar unda iqnes ugulebelyofili.

nurc is dagaviwydebaT, rom masalebi da davalebebi unda SearCioT im unarTan

misadagebiT, romlis gaumjobesebac gsurT (ix. kompetenciebi 6.2 / 4 / 6.3).


_ romels uTmoben met dros _ gamoxatvas Tu gagebas?;

_ SerCeuli masalebi da muSaobis teqnika miesadageba Tu ara im unars

romlis ganviTarebac surT? (ix. kompetenciebi 6.4.3)

amave gzamkvlevis me-4 nawilSi mocemuli rCeva momxmareblebs daexmareba

aRniSnul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemaSi.

N

nawili 3 _ Sromis organizacia

modiT, erTi wuTiT SevisvenoT da davfiqrdeT _ ra aris swavla. Aam sity-

vas imdenad bevri mniSvneloba aqvs, rom SeiZleba dagvabnios kidec (ix. Kkompe-

tenciebi 6.2.1)

`swavla~ da `daufleba~

adamianebi ase amboben: `me minda viswavlo inglisuri~ (an franguli, an

arabuli an suahili). sinamdvileSi, ufro zusti iqneba, Tuki vityviT: `me minda

daveuflo inglisurs~. ratom?

Cveni mizania, ena, romelsac vswavlobT gamoviyenoT: werisas, Sexvedris

dasaniSnad, axali ambebis mosasmenad, nanaxi filmis komentirebisaTvis, megobris

monaTxrobiT garTobisaTvis. gvinda, rom didxans ar vfiqrobdeT, Tu rogor

gadmovceT sakuTari saTqmeli, rom sityvebi da frazebi met-naklebad av-

tomaturad modiodes ise, rom mxolod konkretuli gacnobierebuli arCevanis

gakeTebaRa iyos saWiro (sityvebis frTxilad SerCeva, rom aravis mivayenoT

Seuracxyofa; sakuTari TavisaTvis kiTxvis dasma, saTanadod gavigeT Tu ara mo-

58

saubris azrebi da a.S). roca vxvdebiT, rom vaxerxebT enis amgvarad, gaucno-

biereblad gamoyenebas, SegviZlia ganvacxadoT, rom daveufleT saWiro codnasa

da unarebs saTanado moculobiT, gamomdinare iqidan, rom am codnas da unarebs

sakuTari adgili aqvs Cvens gonebaSi da maTi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia maSinve,

rogorc ki sakomunikacio situaciaSi aRmovCndebiT. Tu es asea, maSin swavla

raRa aris? Cven vapirebT termini `swavla~ kvlavac im aqtivobebTan mimarTebaSi

gamoviyenoT, romelTac gacnobierebulad da organizebulad vasrulebT im

mizniT, rom gaviumjobesoT codna da unarebi (rac, am konkretul situaciaSi

niSnavs inglisuris, frangulis da a. S. codnasac da ufro metad gamoyenebasac).

warmoidgineT, rom es-esaa daasruleT xuTi savarjiSo inglisur enaSi warsuli

drois gamoyenebaze. Tqven iswavleT rogor unda gamoiyenoT es dro. mogviane-

biT, inglisurenovan mosaubresTan laparakisas, amCnevT, rom kvlav uSvebT Sec-

domebs, anu am drois codnas jer kidev ar dauflebixarT srulad. Ees imas ar

niSnavs, rom Tqveni mcdeloba _ geswavlaT, marcxiT dasrulda, an imas, rom

cudi moswavle xarT. Ees ubralod cxadyofs, Tu raoden didia gansxvaveba

swavlasa da dauflebas Soris. Aaseve, mniSvnelovania imis damaxsovrebac, rom

cxovrebis ama Tu im etapze yvela eufleba garkveuli saxis codnas arafor-

malurad, uswavlelad, ise _ TiTqos skolaSi iyvnen.


_ ramdenad axsovT, marTla iswavles Tu ara velosipedis tareba? Aan

dauToeba? Aan simRera?

_ asrulebdnen Tu ara savarjiSoebs, an mimarTaven Tu ara eqspertis dax-

marebas?

Aam kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemiT SeiZleba gairkves, Tu romel unars daeu-

fleT TiTqmis uswavlelad.

dauflebis procesi

Tu gsurT gaigoT, rogoria Tanamedrove midgoma dauflebis procesTan

mimarTebaSi, ixileT kompetenciebi 6.2.2

Aaxali unarebis SeZenisa da axali codnis dauflebisaTvis, saWiroa axal

situaciasTan Sepirispireba, sadac aRmoCndeba, rom Cvens xelT arsebuli codna

araadekvaturia da saTanadod moqmedebis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs.AmagaliTad,

ver vaxerxebT mocemul situaciaSi wamoWrili problemebisaTvis Tavis garTme-

vas. aseTi ram SeiZleba yvelanair viTarebaSi SegvemTxves, dawyebuli velosipe-

dis tarebiTa da axali tipis fuTis gaxsniT, damTavrebuli enis gamoyenebiT.

upirveles yovlisa, unda gavacnobieroT, rom Cveni Zveli codna saSualebas ar

gvaZlevs gavumklavdeT wamoWril problemebs da rom codnis es deficiti samu-

damod unda SevivsoT. (SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom Tavs axali codnis dauflebis

gareSec gavitanT, magaliTad, axleburi tipis fuTas gaxeviT gavxsniT, sxva

SemTxvevaSi Jestebs gamoviyenebT da a.S). momdevno etapze muSaobaSi erTveba

goneba, romelic cdilobs mocemuli siaxlis rogorRac mowesrigebas, rom mas

mniSvneloba mianiWos. is ecdeba gamoZebnos axali sagnebi (velosipedis

nawilebi, enaSi _ sityvebi) da miakvlios maTi muSaobis wesebs. Aamis gasakeTe-

blad, goneba gamoiyenebs ukve miRebul codnas, magaliTad, axali enis gamoyene-

bisas sityvebs imitom veZebT, rom viciT _ zogierT sxva enaSic sityvebia, da

gvgonia rom yvela ena sityvebisagan Sedgeba. vecdebiT garkveuli kavSiri da-

vamyaroT arsebul situaciasa da naTqvams Soris, radgan viciT, rom CvenTvis

nacnob enebSi msgavsi kavSiri arsebobs.

mecniereba am process monacemTa damuSavebasa da samoqmedo wesebis

dadgenas uwodebs (ix. kompetenciebi 6.2.2.1). zemoxsenebuli funqciis Ses-

rulebisas, goneba agebs axal codnas, magram dauflebis TvalsazrisiT, procesi

axaldawyebulia: imisaTvis, rom axladmopovebuli codna gamosadegi iyos, is

unda gamoicados gansxvavebul situaciebSi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, goneba

agebs garkveul nou-haus am axali codnis irgvliv: rogor konteqstSia misi ga-

59

moyeneba SesaZlebeli, rogor icvleba da rogor unda mivusadagoT igi sakuTari

Tavs (imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogor qmedebas vamjobinebT, rogor

vumklavdebiT sirTuleebs).

davadgenT ra wesebs, Semdgomi garTulebebis Tavidan acilebiT (anu ga-

mocdis procesi warmatebiT sruldeba), vimaxsovrebT maT da isini iZens im cod-

nisa da unarebis axali formebis saxes, romelTa gamoyenebac gvinda SevZloT.

mocemul etapze iseTi STabeWdileba gveqmneba, rom am konkretul situaciaSi

SegviZlia yovelgvari garTulebis gareSe moqmedeba. daufleba moxda da Cven

viciT es.

Ppatara xumroba TvalsaCinoebisaTvis

Pplaneta veneras mkvidri, saxelad mungo peri, romelic laparakobs

mxolod sakuTari planetis enaze, vizitiT Cadis safrangeTSi. is Cerdeba patara

sastumroSi, sadac yovel saRamos vaxSmobs. Ppirvel saRamos, sastumros kidev

erTi stumari, frangi mamakaci, Sedis restoranSi da jdeba magidasTan Cveni

mungos gverdiT. igi trialdeba mungosken da RimiliT eubneba `Bon appétit~ (`gaamoT~, `madianad miirTviT~). àha~, fiqrobs Cveni gmiri (romelmac, gexsomebaT,

franguli ar icis), ès kaci sakuTar Tavs macnobs; Tavaziania, ase rom mec

aseTive viqnebi~ da RimiliTve pasuxobs `mungo peri~. meore saRamos frangi isev modis da mungos imave gamamxnevebeli `Bon appétit~-iT esalmeba, razec es ukanask-

neli maSinve pasuxobs ` mongopéri~, rac SeiZleba megobrulad. Ees patara scena

meordeba ramdenime saRamos ganmavlobaSi, sanam Cveni gmiri, romelmac Tavaziani

mister bonapetitis Sesaxeb Tavis orenovan megobars mouTxro, simarTles ar

gaigebs: `Bon appétit~ am frangi mamakacis saxeli ki ar aris, aramed frangebis mi-

marTvis erT-erTi formaa, rom usurvon erTmaneTs sasiamovno trapezi!~ imave

saRamos, Cveni mungo Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas _ praqtikulad gamoiyenos

Tavisi axali codna da iRebs iniciativas. frangi dajdomasac ver aswrebs, rom

Cveni gmiri triumfaluri `Bon appétit~-iT esalmeba mas. Ffraza savsebiT gasagebad

JRers, gamoTqmaSi mcireodeni sirTuleebis miuxedavad. frangi, romelsac ar

surs ise gamoCndes, rom TiTqos mas aklia kargi interkulturuli manerebi,

Zalze megobrulad pasuxobs: `mongopéri~! (,,mungoperi~).

es patara xumroba gviCvenebs, rom samoqmedo wesebi, romelTac goneba

ayalibebs situaciis mixedviT, yovelTvis swori ar aris. amitom aucilebelia

maTi gamocda sxva situaciebSi gamoyenebamde. specialistebi SemTxveviT ar

fiqroben, rom saWiroa Secdomebis daSveba (ra Tqma unda, im pirobiT, Tu maT

vacnobierebT), radgan es Secdomebi saSualebas gvaZlevs SevamowmoT Cvens mier

dadgenili samoqmedo wesebi da maTi gamoyenebis xarisxi. es mniSvnelovani sa-

kiTxi ganxilulia Sefasebis punqtSi, nawili 5.

rogor movaxerxoT TviTorganizeba (anu swavlidan dauflebamde)

maSasadame, swavla SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes aqtivobebis gacnobierebulad

organizebis iseT gzad, romelsac mivusadagebT gonebis gaucnobierebel qmede-

bas da amasTan, movaxdenT mis optimizacias. roca is, ris dauflebac gvsurs,

Zalze CaxlarTulia, swavla SeiZleba dagvexmaros mis ufro advilad da siRr-

miseulad dauflebaSi. magaliTad, miCneulia, rom enis daufleba xdeba misi Ses-

wavlis gziT. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom es SeiZleba moxerxdes swavlis gare-

Sec _ gacnobierebulad da organizebulad (rac, magaliTad, xSiria imigran-

tebSi). savarjiSoebis Sesruleba, gramatikuli wesebis swavla da axali leqsi-

kuri masalis damaxsovreba is gacnobierebuli aqtivobebia, romelTa organize-

basac vaxdenT swavlis mizniT.

Oorganizebulad swavlis erT-erTi tradiciuli gza swavlebaa. adamianebi

xSirad amjobineben enebis Seswavlas swavlebiT: isini ewerebian enis kursebze

(maSinac ki, roca isini kerZoa da satelefono!) Tumca, mniSvnelovania imis gac-

60

nobiereba, rom maswavlebels SeuZlia mxolod daxmareba swavlaSi; daufleba

xdeba uSualod Semswavlelis mier. Uufro metic, yovelTvis SesaZlebeli ar

aris imis swavleba, ris dauflebac gvsurs. Mmeore mxriv, sul ufro izrdeba im

saSualebaTa xelmisawvdomoba, romlebiTac SesaZlebelia swavla swavlebis ga-

reSe. ase rom, cxadia, yvela SemswavlelisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba imis codna,

Tu rogor miudgnen swavlas (ix. Kkompetenciebi 6.3.5 / 6.4).


_ Tu romel saswavlo aqtivobebs icnoben; maTgan romeli miaCniaT sa-

sargeblod an mosabezreblad;

_ odesme Tu fiqroben konkretuli aqtivobebis Rirebulebaze;

_ SeuZliaT Tu ara gagebis gaumjobesebisaTvis sasargeblo davalebebis

gansxvaveba im davalebebisagan, romlebic gamoxatvis gaumjobesebas exmareba.

imisaTvis, rom Tqveni saswavlo programa ukeT iyos organizebuli, gasaT-

valiswinebelia sami mniSvnelovani faza:

arsebobs gansxvavebuli fazebi (ix. kompetenciebi 6.4.1 / 6.4.2).

rogorc vnaxeT, daufleba etapobrivad xdeba. mniSvnelovania Tqveni

samuSao ise dagegmoT, rom am etapebs Seesabamebodes. Cven vvaraudobT, rom

iqneba sami faza, Tumca maTi xangrZlivoba gansxvavebuli iqneba gagebasa da ga-

moxatvasTan mimarTebaSi, radgan me-2 punqtma cxadyo, rom gageba da metyveleba

sxvadasxva mentalur operaciebs moicavs.

pirveli faza: aRmoCena

am fazaze Tqven aRmoaCenT, Tu ra gaqvT saswavli, sakuTri TavisaTvis

dasaxuli sakomunikacio miznebis mixedviT (ix. am Tavis punqtebi 1 da 2). ma-

galiTad, Tu gsurT icodeT rogor gamoxatoT ardaTanxmeba Tavazianad, mogi-

wevT saTanado sityvebis da frazebis povna, imis garkveva, Tu romeli maTgani

gamoiyeneba ama Tu im situaciaSi da a. S. es yvelaferi SegiZliaT iswavloT sax-

elmZRvaneloebidan, gramatikis wignebidan da maswavleblebisagan, magram, pirvel

yovlisa, _ avTentikuri dokumentebidan. es dokumentebi (video da audio kasete-

bis, agreTve, nabeWdi teqstebis CaTvliT), enis swavlebaze gaTvlili ar aris

(saxelmZRvaneloebisagan gansxvavebiT), maT sakomunikacio daniSnulebiT iyeneben.

avTentikur dokumentebSi mocemuli magaliTebi daganaxebT, Tu rogor xdeba

enis gamoyeneba sakomunikaciod (rogor gamoiyeneba esa Tu is gramatikuli dro

warsulsa da awmyoze sasaubrod, rogor ixdian madlobas Sesrulebuli Txovni-

saTvis da a. S.). amgvarad, Tqven gaigebT, Tu realurad rogor muSaobs ena sako-

munikacio situaciebSi.

Cveni TvalTaxedviT, es faza Seesabameba dauflebis procesis monacemTa

damuSavebisa da wesebis dadgenis fazebs. igi Zalze mniSvnelovania gamoxatvaze

muSaobisas, radgan saWiroa yvela im sakiTxis Tavmoyra, romelTa gadawyvetis

swavlac surs adamians. Ees faza naklebad mniSvnelovania gagebasTan mimarTe-

baSi. am ukanasknelze muSaobis dawyeba SesaZlebelia pirdapir meore fazidan.

61

meore faza: sistematuri praqtika

am fazaze Tqven muSaobT Tanamimdevrulobis dacviT, iseT sakiTxebze, ro-

melTa dauflebac gWirdebaT. dauflebis procesis mixedviT, es faza wesebis

formirebis erT-erTi mxarea da agreTve, moicavs pirvel fazas mocemuli cod-

nis Semowmebisa da gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. sistematurma muSaobam SeiZleba

Tqvengan iseTi aqtivobebis Sesrulebac moiTxovos, romlebic SesaZloa nakle-

bad exebodes imas, Tu rogor unda visaubroT (magaliTad, zogierTma mkiTxvelma

aseTad SeiZleba miiCnios calkeuli gramatikuli savarjiSoebi), magram aRsaniS-

navia, rom es faza nayofieri iqneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moxdeba specifi-

kur aspeqtebze koncentrireba. SedarebisaTvis SeiZleba moviyvanoT magaliTi

CogburTelze, romelsac surs gaaumjobesos sakuTari TamaSis xarisxi da am

mizniT tyeSi varjiSobs sirbilSi. es aqtivoba CogburTTan uSualo kavSirSi ar

aris, magram exmareba sportsmens amtanobis gaZlierebaSi, rac CogburTis sa-

TamaSod aucilebelia.

Aam fazaze damoukideblad muSaobam problemebi ar unda SegiqmnaT, radgan

Tqven iqnebiT iseTi sakiTxebis Seswavlis procesSi, romlebic piradad TqvenT-

visaa aucilebeli, magram amasTan, nu dagaviwydebaT, rom saWiroa muSaoba im

codnis yvela aspeqtze, romlis dauflebac gsurT: roca gamoxatvaze muSaobT,

ra Tqma unda, ar gindaT mxolod gramatikulad swori winadadebebis ageba

SegeZloT; upirveles yovlisa, Tqveni mizania maTi saTanadod gamoyeneba im sa-

komunikacio situaciebSi, romlebSic SeiZleba aRmoCndeT (ix. punqti 4). roca

gagebaze muSaobT, nu dagaviwydebaT yvela im gansxvavebuli tipis dokumentze

muSaobac, romlebTan mogiwevT muSaoba (mokle da grZeli teqstebi, Canawerebi,

sadac adamianebi romelime konkretul aqcents iyeneben metyvelebaSi, da a.S).

aseve saWiroa sxvadasxva saxis sakiTxavi da mosasmeni masalebis gamoyeneba (rom

icodeT ama Tu im informaciis moZieba; gageba im doneze, rom gakritikeba

SegeZloT da a.S). gaiTvaliswineT, rom am fazaze garkveuli dro unda dauTmoT

damaxsovrebasac.

mesame faza: arasistematuri praqtika

es faza Seesabameba dauflebis procesis im etaps, roca vamowmebT sakuTar

codnas da viyenebT mas realur sakomunikacio situaciebSi. igi dagexmarebaT sa-

kuTari azrebis mkafiod CamoyalibebaSi, ukeT damaxsovrebasa da im nou-haus Se-

muSavebaSi, rac saWiroa mocemuli codnis praqtikul situaciebSi gamosayene-

blad. Tqven iswavliT reagirebas moulodnelobebsa da uCveulobebze, patara,

magram uxerxul sakomunikacio problemebTan gamklavebas, raSic veranairi

moculobis sistematuri muSaoba ver mogamzadebT. Aam fazaze ar mogeTxovebaT

Sesasrulebeli samuSaos lingvisturi detalebis gansazRvra (warsuli dro;

ojaxTan, rogorc TemasTan dakavSirebuli leqsikoni, Tavazianad ardaTanxmeba

da a.S). samagierod, mogiwevT situaciis gansazRvra: vis esaubrebiT, ratom da a.

S. (ix. ganyofileba 1), ise rom dainaxoT Tu ramdenad efeqturad iyenebT im cod-

nas, romlis damaxsovrebasac cdilobdiT Tqveni sistematuri muSaobis fazaze.

Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom amis gakeTebas damoukideblad ver SesZlebT. Tu ga-

moxatvaze muSaobT, partniori dagWirdebaT. idealuri iqneba partniori, rom-

lisTvisac ena, romelsac Tqven swavlobT mSobliuria. Tumca, gamogadgebaT ne-

bismieri Semswavlelic im pirobiT, Tu is iTamaSebs sakomunikacio kuTxiT. Tu

gagebaze muSaobT, gamoiyeneT avTentikuri dokumentebi. TqvenTvis mniSvnelovania

iseT pirobebSi mosmena da kiTxva, romelTa msgavsSic SeiZleba realurad aR-

moCndeT. magaliTad, Tu mogeTxovebaT raime Canaweris pirdapir gageba, maSin

usityvod cxadia, rom azri ar aqvs mis aTjer mosmenas. leqsikonis gamoyenebis

SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba erTxel mosmenac aRar iyos saWiro! am Tavis me-4 nawili

62

gvawvdis mosazrebebs im aqtivobebis Sesaxeb, romlebic zemoxsenebul fazebze

SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT.


_ Tu ramdenad iTvaliswineben aRniSnul sam fazas Sromis organizaciis

TvalsazrisiT? Tu iyeneben, ra saxiT? (ix. Kkompetenciebi 6.4.2.1)

_ xom ar axdenen erT fazaze koncentrirebas danarCenebis xarjze?

zogjer zogierTi Semswavleli didi raodenobiT asrulebs gramatikul

savarjiSoebs da ar ukvirdeba, rom aseTi swavla aranairad ar uwyobs mas xels

sakomunikacio situaciebSi (faza 3). arian iseTebic, romelTac moswonT mety-

velebis gakveTilebi (faza 3) da verc ki amCneven, rom realurad ver progre-

sireben, radgan ar muSaoben sakuTar konkretul problemebze (faza 2).

Ddabolos, arsebobs SemswavlelTa mesame kategoria, romelic teqstis kiTxvis

dros yoveli axali sityvis mniSvnelobas leqsikonSi eZebs da Sesabamisad, dro

aRar rCeba gagebaze samuSaod (faza 2).

nu SeuSindebiT miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvlas. pirvel ganyofile-

baSi Cven ganvixileT im enobrivi aspeqtis misadagebis sakiTxi sakomunikacio

situaciebTan, romelTa dauflebac surs adamians. mravalferovani saswavlo da-

valebebi, romelTa organizebac dagWirdebaT, uSualod iqneba damokidebuli

imaze, rasac Cven moTxovnaTa analizi vuwodeT (ganyofileba 1). Ees gulisxmobs

sakuTari prioritetebis gansazRvras, ra mizezebia TqvenTvis yvelaze

mniSvnelovani? Eenis romeli aspeqtebiT apirebT dawyebas? Tavdapirvelad ga-

moxatvaze ivarjiSebT, Tu gagebaze? vfiqrobT, aseTi analizi Zalze

mniSvnelovania: kerZod, is dagexmarebaT gaarkvioT, ramdenad progresirebT (am

sakiTxs ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT me-5 nawilSi). Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom

enis swavlis procesSi SeiZleba axali faqtorebic gamoCndes, rac imas niSnavs,

rom Tqven srulebiTac ar xarT valdebuli SeasruloT sawyisi gegma.

_ Tqveni moTxovnebi SeiZleba Seicvalos.

is martivi faqti, rom adamiani eufleba axal codnas, mis moTxovnaTa gan-

viTarebas gulisxmobs. swavla ar aris kedlis agur-agur aSeneba iseT pi-

robebSi, roca yvela aguri xelT aris saqmis dasawyebad. is ufro hgavs mod-

ulebis mixedviT saxlis Senebas, romelsac vafarToebT da romlis yvela

oTaxic sxvadasxva daniSnulebisamebr gamoiyeneba situaciis mixedviT. mSeneblo-

bis dawyebisas, Znelia zustad Tqma, Tu rogor saxes miiRebs is ramdenime weli-

wadSi; Cven mxolod zogadi warmodgena gvaqvs. ganapirobebs ra axali codnisa

da nou-haus progresuli dauflebis procesi moTxovnaTa evolucias, saWiro ar

aris mTeli samuSao programis Sinaarsisa da Tanamimdevrobis ukanasknel deta-

lamde ganWvreta. mTavaria, danamdvilebiT icodeT, ris miRweva gsurT mocemul

saswavlo sesiaze. roca SeafasebT imas, rasac daeufleT, SesZlebT axali

miznebis dasaxvas da samuSaod axali sakiTxebis SerCevas.

_ swavla ar aris mxolod wminda logikis saqme anu Seusveneblad Sroma

mniSvnelovania, rom enis dauflebis procesi adamians siamovnebas aniWebdes:

swavla ufro advilia, Tu mocemuli davalebis Sesruleba gvexaliseba; da Tu

dokumenti, romelzec vmuSaobT, sainteresoa, Cveni survili masSi arsebuli

sirTuleebis gadasalaxad, ormagdeba. aqtivobebisa da dokumentebis SerCeva sa-

kuTari gemovnebis mixedviT, ganapirobebs swavlisaTvis aucilebeli motivaciis

zrdas. mTavaria, garTobasa da saqmes Soris oqros Sualedis povna. magaliTad,

Tu iciT, rom is, rasac akeTebT, bolomde ar emTxveva Tqveni moTxovnebis anal-

izis Sedegebs (vTqvaT dakavebuli xarT simReris CaweriT, maSin roca Zalian

gindaT radioTi axali ambebis gageba), magram siamovnebas ganiWebT _ garkveul

Sedegs mainc miiRebT. drodadro SeiZleba daRliloba an stimulis nakleboba

igrZnoT; maTTan gamklaveba gagiadvildebaT, Tu sakuTar Tavs mcireodeni gar-

Tobis uflebas miscemT.

63


_ gansazRvraven Tu ara sakuTar miznebs detalurad, axali davalebis an

aqtivobis dawyebisas;

_ uTmoben Tu ara ramdenime wuTs, yoveli savarjiSos dasrulebisas,

imaze fiqrs, Tu ra iswavles da amiT ra Seicvleba;

_ ician Tu ara romeli davalebebi aniWebT siamovnebas da raze muSaobas

SeiZleba Seeguon;

_ aqvT Tu ara danaSaulis grZnoba, roca raime gasarTobiT arian dakave-

buli;

_ Tvlian Tu ara Tavs valdebulad Seasrulon davalebebi, romlebic

mosabezreblad miaCniaT. (ix. kompetenciebi 4 / dokumentebi C1, C2, C3)

arAarsebobs idealuri samuSao tempi

bevri adamianisaTvis swavla, upirveles yovlisa, regularuli samuSao

ganrigis Seqmnaa. regularuloba xSirad Zalze mniSvnelovani faqtoria codnis

warmatebiT dauflebisaTvis, Tumca es yovelTvis ase ar aris. iSviaTad xerxdeba

regularulad muSaoba ramis Sesaswavlad, gansakuTrebiT zrdasrulebis

SemTxvevaSi. SeiZleba ramdenime kviram ise Caiaros, rom uamravi Tavisufali

dro gvqondes an metad datvirTulni viyoT samsaxurebrivi movaleobebiT. roca

ramis Seswavla gsurT, movlenebi ise miiReT, rogorc aris da SeiZleba es

TqvenTvis xelsayrelic ki aRmoCndes. mTavaria, droisa da sakuTari miznebis

SesabamisobaSi moyvana da iseTi aqtivobebis SerCeva, romlebic aseve moergeba

Tqvens gankargulebaSi arsebul drois moculobas. roca Tavisufali dro sak-

marisad gaqvT, SegiZliaT dawvrilebiT SeudgeT muSaobas mocemuli sakiTxis

gasagebad, yvela ucnobi sityvis leqsikonSi moZiebiT. roca dro mcire gaqvT,

ufro produqtiuli iqneba, magaliTad, siswrafeze gaTvlili gramatikuli

savarjiSoebis Sesruleba. mTavaria, Tqven ras aniWebT upiratesobas: zogierTebi

amjobineben muSaobas drois SedarebiT xangrZliv periodebSi, maSin roca sxvebi

ukeT muSaoben ufro mokle, magram xSir monakveTebSi.

xSirad samuSao droSi moviazrebT im periodebs, roca SegviZlia movimar-

jvoT Cveni wignebi da kasetebi, mivusxdeT magidas da SevudgeT saqmes. si-

namdvileSi, sxva Tavisufali momentebis gamoyenebac SeiZleba am mizniT. ma-

galiTad, dro romelsac manqanaSi, stomatologis an optikosis mosacdelSi

davyofT _ potenciuri samuSao periodebia. am periodebSi yvelafris gakeTebas

ver moaxerxebT, magram SesaZlebelia maTi racionalurad gamoyeneba.


_ ician Tu ara rogor samuSao tempsa da dros amjobineben;

_ Tu rogor urCevniaT muSaoba _ yoveldRiurad naxevari saaTi, yovel

SabaT dilas sami saaTi Tu maSin, roca Tavisufal dros gamonaxaven;

_ Tu uZneldebaT xolme SerCeuli davalebis Sesruleba maT xelT arse-

bul drois monakveTSi;

_ SeuZliaT Tu ara aRnusxon drois is monakveTebi, roca muSaobas

SesZleben da Sesabamisi aqtivobebi;

gasaTvaliswinebelia kidev erTi ram _ dasvenebis periodebic sasargebloa

swavlisaTvis. maSinac ki, roca arafers akeTebT, Tqven mainc euflebiT enas. ra

Tqma unda, es gulisxmobs, rom aseT periods win unda uswrebdes garkveuli

moculobis Sesrulebuli samuSao. nu idardebT, Tuki xedavT, rom ori kviris

ganmavlobaSi TqvenTvis sasurveli tempiT imuSaveT, magram Semdeg, aseve ori

kviriT mogiwiaT aRniSnuli procesis Sewyveta. mTeli im periodis ganmavlobaSi,

roca Tqven iZulebiT isvenebT, Tqveni goneba agrZelebs muSaobas, imaxsovrebs

da axdens axali codnis organizebas. ase rom, roca swavlas miubrundebiT,

SeiZleba gagaocoT imis aRmoCenam, rom ufro meti gcodniaT, vidre gegonaT!

64

saerTod, adamians SeuZlia akeTos is, rac unda da roca unda, misTvis

sasurveli tempiT, oRond, im pirobiT, rom misi arCevani gacnobierebuli iqneba.

GgacilebiT ufro mniSvnelovania vicodeT, ras vakeTebT ama Tu im mocemul mo-

mentSi, ra moTxovnebis sapasuxod viqceviT ase, Seesabameba Tu ara Cveni arCevani

swavlis sxvadasxva fazebs da gvaZlevs Tu ara motivacias, da rac yvelaze mTa-

varia _ Sedegobrivad, rogor aisaxeba es arCevani swavlis mTel procesze. es

yvelaferi bevrad ufro aucilebelia, vidre iseTi gamosavlis Zieba (rac au-

cileblad amaoa), romelic jadosnuri joxis erTi daqneviT gagvaTavisuflebs

yvelanairi problemebisagan.

nawili 4 _ meTodologia

am Tavis me-2 nawilSi Cven gamovitaneT daskvna, rom Zalze sasargebloa,

aucilebelic ki, ganvasxvavoT Sroma, romlis mizania gagebis gaumjobeseba, im

Sromisagan, romelic gamoxatvis gaumjobesebazea gaTvlili. Ees Tavi damatebiT

detalebs mogawvdiT imis Taobaze, Tu rogor SearCioT aqtivobebi, savarjiSoebi

da masalebi swavlisaTvis.

a. gageba

rac yvelaze mTavaria: Tu gsurT muSaoba zepir gagebaze (salaparako enis

gageba), Tqveni saswavlo drois sul mcire 50% unda dauTmoT audio an videoCa-

nawerebis mosmenas. Tu ganzraxuli gaqvT muSaoba werilobiT gagebaze, Tqveni

saswavlo drois sul mcire 50% unda dauTmoT werilobiTi dokumentebis kiTx-

vas. es mniSvnelovania (ix. Kkompetenciebi 7.2.2)

aqtivobis SerCeva

Tqvens mier SerCeuli aqtivoba unda miesadagebodes imas, ris swavlac

gsurT. ase rom, upirveles yovlisa, sakuTar Tavs unda hkiTxoT, ris gaumjobe-

seba gindaT da Semdeg gaaanalizoT yvela xelmisawvdomi aqtivoba Sesaferisis

amosarCevad. gamomdinare iqidan, rom Tqven gindaT iswavloT gageba, Sesaferis

aqtivobebad CaiTvleba mxolod isini, romlebic ramdenime kriteriums akmayo-

filebs.

_ SeZlebisdagvarad, maTSi CarTuli iqneba avTentikuri dokumentebi,

radgan mxolod isini iyenebs bunebriv enas (ix. kompetenciebi 6.4.3.2). es imitom,

rom maT sakomunikacio daniSnuleba aqvT. MmaTi Semqmnelebi bunebriv enas iyene-

ben da arc ki fiqroben im gramatikul sityvebze an wesebze, romelTa codnac

caleul Semswavlelebs moeTxovebaT. amgvarad Cawerili dokumentebi saSualebas

mogvcems imuSaoT zustad im tipis enaze, romelic gindaT gesmodeT. Eeqsperi-

mentebma cxadyo, rom, roca saqme exeba zepir gagebas, gamartivebuli Canawerebis

gamoyeneba Sors ver wagviyvans.

_ aucilebeli ar aris Tavidanve gvesmodes yvelaferi, rac CanawerSia.

piriqiT, unda moniSnoT sakiTxebi, romlebzec gegmavT muSaobas da mihyveT maT.

nu idardebT danarCenze: SeuZlebelia yvelafris erT amosunTqvaze swavla. Uu-

fro metic, avTentikuri dokumentebis umetesoba gvTavazobs sxvadasxva saxis

daxmarebas; magaliTad, sasaubro Canawerebi SeiZleba uzrunvelyofili iyos

werilobiTi aslebiT (Sesadarebeli teqsti, subtitrebi da a.S), an TargmaniTac

ki (magaliTad, filmis subtitrebi). aseTi saxis daxmarebebi namuSevris ufro

iolad gasworebis saSualebas mogcemT.

_ kiTxva, romelsac namdvilad dausvamT sakuTar Tavs, exeba mocemuli

savarjiSoebis sirTules (ix. Kkompetenciebi 7.3.2). sirTule subieqturi cnebaa.

65

Tumca, ra Tqma unda, zogierTi aqtivoba sxvebTan SedarebiT ufro rTulia. ma-

galiTad, Canaweris sityva-sityviT gaSifvra bevrad Znelia, vidre cal-calke

sityvebis Zieba, radgan pirveli aqtivoba ufro met koncentracias moiTxovs da

bunebrivic ar aris. me-2 Tavma dagvanaxa, rom gageba ar gulisxmobs ubralod

yvela sityvis mniSvnelobis wvdomas: dokumentis gageba rTulia maSinac, roca

ar gvesmis mocemuli sakiTxi, an Tu saqme gvaqvs ramdenime gansxvavebul mosau-

bresTan, an specifikur enasTan (magaliTad, metad literaturuli ena), romelic

CvenTvis ucxoa.

_ yvelaze rTuli is dokumentia, romlis Temac saerTod ar gvesmis da

isic ki ar viciT, ris gagebas vcdilobT. es cxadyofs, Tu ramdenad

mniSvnelovania Sesaferis teqstebis SerCeva, radgan maTSi moiZebneba is sa-

kiTxebi, romlebzec gvinda muSaoba; aseTi teqstebi mogvwons, metwilad, imitom,

rom maT Tematurad vigebT. es mniSvnelovania sakuTari amocanebis naTlad gan-

sazRvrisa da progresirebisaTvis.

_ Tqvens mier SerCeuli savarjiSo gagebaze unda iTxovdes Tqvengan ramis

wvdomas. Ees TqvenTvis mizani iqneba, riTac ixelmZRvanelebT kiTxvisa da mos-

menisas: `vapireb movusmino imisaTvis, rom..~. (magaliTad, miviRo garkveuli

specifikuri informacia). modiT, ufro detalurad ganvixiloT werilobiTi

savarjiSo gagebaze franguli enis SemswavlelTaTvis. igi efuZneba avTentikur

teqsts, romelic axdens CvenTvis saintereso aspeqtebis ilustrirebas

Les fêtes de Noël: les services ouverts ou fermés. es savarjiSo giwesebT ramdenime realistur amocanas kiTxvisaTvis. mar-

jvena svetSi mocemuli SekiTxvebi Tqvengan moiTxovs ara sworxazovan, sityva-

sityviT, aramed organizebulad kiTxvas, rac gulisxmobs, magaliTad, saTaure-

bis, an rogorc teqstSi, ise SekiTxvebSi mocemuli calkeuli punqtebis gamo-

yenebas. am process mihyavxarT patara nawyvetamde, romelic bevrad ufro deta-

lurad unda waikiTxoT.

gagebaze savarjiSos SerCevamde, kompetenciebis momxmareblebma SeiZleba

hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:

_ ra SesaZlo amocanebi SeiZleba hqondes am savarjiSos kiTxvisa da mos-

menisaTvis (ara mxolod gramatikuli aspeqtebi da sityvaTa maragi);

_ Tavad ra amocanebis Semotana SeuZliaT teqstisaTvis, kiTxvisa da mos-

menis TvalsazrisiT, saTauris, qvesaTaurebis, an imis safuZvelze, rac ukve

ician mocemuli sakiTxis irgvliv;

_ SeuZliaT Tu ara iseTi kiTxvebis formulireba, romlebic ufro daw-

vrilebiT dasaxavs amocanebs kiTxvisa da mosmenisaTvis.

davalebis Sesruleba

Tu ukve SearCieT davaleba saTanado mosasmeni da sakiTxavi masaliT,

SegiZliaT saqmes SeudgeT. Faqtiurad swavla da mosasmeni da sakiTxavi

aqtivobebis momzadeba am momentSi iwyeba. Ddasaxuli miznidan gamomdinare,

SegiZliaT scadoT wasakiTxi an mosasmeni masalis zogadi Sinaarsis, an TviT

calkeuli specifikuri aspeqtebis winaswar ganWvreta. Ees, Tavis mxriv, dagex-

marebaT zogierTi arsebiTi sityvis gamocnobaSi, romelic masalaSi SegxvdebaT.

mosamzadebel procesSi ukve swavlobT. Tu kiTxvaze muSaobT, gamomdinare iqi-

dan, rom ukve scadeT, gamogecnoT Tqvens teqstSi mocemuli mosazrebebi an Te-

mebi, SegiZliaT uSualod teqstze gadaxvideT. Tu zepir gagebaze muSaobT, ax-

ali terminebi leqsikonSi moiZieT.

roca savarjiSos irCevT, hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs, rogor apirebT mis Ses-

rulebas, gaxsovdeT, rom gageba da gagebis swavla erTi da igive ar aris:

dawyebamde gadawyviteT, am procesSi sakuTari Tavis Semowmeba gindaT (aseT

SemTxvevaSi, bunebrivia, gagebis TvalsazrisiT progress unda ganicdideT), Tu

swavla (aseT SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba gagebis TvalsazrisiT progress ver

66

ganicdiT, magram mainc iswavloT raime, maSinac ki, roca mzad ar xarT konkre-

tuli dokumentis gasagebad). magaliTad, davalebebze muSaobisas (ara sagamocdo

davalebebze), kasetis mosmenamde an teqstis wakiTxvamde, SegiZliaT gaecnoT

pasuxebis furcels: es dagexmarebaT mosamzadebeli da saorientacio aspeqtebis

identificirebaSi.

savarjiSo werilobiT gagebaze

adaptirebulia: Ecritures 2-dan, Capelle G., Grellet F. (19980), Hachette, Paris II / 9; gv. 28 (moyvanilia franguli teqsti)

Tqven parizSi cxovrobT da megobrebi Camodian TqvenTan samuSaod (24 da

25 dekemberi), amitom gsurT winaswar gadawyvitoT, romel adgilebs moinax-

ulebT.

1. Tqven kvlavac orWofobT ramdenime SesaZlo variantze.

24 dekembris naSuadRevs

marmotanis muzeumi Tanamedrove xelovnebis muzeumi versalis

sasaxle

SobadRe

JorJ pompidus centri luvri kino

statiis mixedviT, ris gakeTebas apirebT?

24 dekembers?------------------------------------------------------------

25 dekembers?------------------------------------------------------------

2. gazeTebs regularulad ar kiTxulobT, magram gsurT icodeT, romeli

filmis sanaxavad SeiZleba wasvla megobrebTan erTad Sobis dRes. ras ga-

akeTebdiT amis gasagebad?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. imuSavebs metro Sobis dRes? (RATP: metrosa da avtobusebis

momsaxureba parizis farglebSi)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. SesaZlebelia bankSi fulis gamosatanad misvla 24 dekembris dilas?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Tqvens megobrebs surT sayidlebze wasvla parizis did maRaziebSi. ro-

dis SeZlebT amas?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

67

swori pasuxebi kasetis mosmenamde waikiTxeT: es dagexmarebaT im sakiTxe-

bis gansazRvraSi, romelTaTvisac unda moemzadoT an iqneba Tqveni gzamkvlevi

mosmenisa da kiTxvis TvalsazrisiT.

aseve SegiZliaT gadawyvitoT, ramdenjer waikiTxavT an mousmenT do-

kuments da rogor apirebT mis wakiTxvas (Sesavali Tavdapirvelad Tu bolos?

TiToeuli abzacis pirveli winadadeba?) an mosmenas (etapobrivad, xSiri Sesvene-

biT, gadasaxvevi Rilakis gamoyenebiT, Tu mTeli Canaweris Tavidan bolomde

mosmenas?)

swavla moiTxovs erTi da imaves ramdenjerme gameorebas. codna imisa, Tu

ra gaqvT gasakeTebeli, mxolod amosavali wertilia imis gasagebad, Tu rogor

gaakeToT is: rac ufro xSirad imeorebT savarjiSos, miT ufro ukeT euflebiT

(am terminis zemoxsenebuli gagebiT) realur nou-haus. Aase, rom, nu SeikavebT

Tavs erTi da imave savarjiSos ramdenjerme Sesrulebisagan.

aseve, SesaZlebelia erTi davalebis orjer Sesruleba: Tavdapirvelad _

swavlis mizniT. savarjiSos Sesrulebisas, aRmoaCenT axal sakiTxebs, romleb-

sac Semdeg daimaxsovrebT (leqsikuri maragi, gamonaTqvamebi, dokumentis organ-

izebis gzebi da a.S). magram SegiZliaT savarjiSo xelmeored gaakeToT naswav-

lis Sesamowmeblad: axerxebT Tu ara naswavlis maSinve gagebas an ramdenad ad-

vilia is gasagebad?

dabolos, aRsaniSnavia, rom gagebis donis gasaumjobeseblad saWiro

iqneba garkveuli davalebebis Sesruleba, romlebic uSualod salaparako da

gagebis aqtivobebs ar exeba. magaliTad, dagWirdebaT leqsikuri maragis aT-

viseba. Tumca, amas gaakeTebT gagebis TvalsazrisiT; anu, mogiwevT sxvebis mier

naTqvami sityvebis mniSvnelobis gageba. roca saqme salaparako enas exeba, unda

scnobdeT sxvadasxva aqcentiT naTqvam sityvebs. garkveulwilad, es ufro ad-

vilia, vidre sityvebis Zebna TviTgamoxatvisaTvis; magram, meore mxriv, mogiwevT

imaze bevrad meti sityvis gamocnoba, vidre Tavad gamoiyenebdiT, radgan gageba

sityvaTa SerCevis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs. Ees Tqveni Tanamosaubris prerogati-

vaa.

aseve, mogiwevT sakuTari codnis ganvrcoba im mravalferovani Temebis

irgvliv, romelTa mosmena an wakiTxvac SeiZleba dagWirdeT. magaliTad, Tu

gsurT iswavloT franguli gazeTebis kiTxva an gesmodeT germanelebis saubari

sayofacxovrebo sakiTxebze, gamogadgebaT imis garkveva, Tu ra saxis movlenebs

aSuqeben franguli gazeTebi da rogoria germanelTa cxovrebis aspeqtebi. aseTi

saxis codnas xSirad sakuTar enaze euflebian, germanuli da franguli statie-

bis saSualebiT (ix. kompetenciebi 6.4.6.3), rac ufro meti iciT im dokumentis Te-

matikis irgvliv, romelic gindaT, rom gaigoT, miT ufro SesZlebT amas.

Ggagebaze savarjiSos Sesrulebamde kompetenciebis momxmareblebma

SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:

_ saWiroa Tu ara mosasmeni savarjiSoebisaTvis momzadeba leqsikuri

maragis aTvisebiT an gameorebiT;

_ Tu rogor Seasruleben savarjiSos; ramdenjer waikiTxaven an mousmenen

dokuments;

_ Tu rogor Seamowmeben pasuxebs;

_ ras gaakeTeben savarjiSos dasrulebis Semdeg;

_ Tu SearCeven dasamaxsovreblad garkveul leqsikur marags;

_ Tu Seasruleben savarjiSos xelmeored da aseT SemTxvevaSi _ ramdeni

dro dasWirdebaT da Sesrulebis xerxi Tu iqneba ucvleli.

68

b. gamoxatva

aqtivobebis SerCeva

xSirad, adamianebs meti idea mosdiT gamoxatvis aqtivobebisa da davalebe-

bisaTvis, vidre gagebisas. Ees imiT aixsneba, rom skolaSi enebis swavlebisas

aqcenti, metwilad, gamoxatvaze keTdeba da amitomac adamianebi ufro gaTviTc-

nobierebulni arian am mxriv. davalebis SerCevisas, unda gaxsovdeT, zogadad ra

mizani gamoZravebT. ra Tqma unda, es aris sakuTari azrebisa da gamocdilebis

gaziareba TanamosaubrisaTvis. Tanac, xSirad iseTi ramis gamoxatva gviwevs, rac

manamde arasodes gviTqvams. bunebrivia, garkveuli refleqsebi avtomaturi unda

gaxdes, magram isini mxolod im TvalsazrisiTaa gamosadegi, rom saSualebas

iZleva spontanurad da SemoqmedebiTad mivudgeT komunikacias.

bevri aqtivoba zepiri gamoxatvis Sesaswavlad koncentrirebas swored am

avtomatur refleqsebze axdens. Aamis magaliTia savarjiSoebis erTgvari tipi,

romelsac `struqturul drilebs~ uwodeben. erT-erTi maTgani qvemoTaa moyva-

nili:

CasviT mocemuli winadadebebi preteritSi:

magaliTad: I (swim) in the sea _ I swam in the sea me (curva) zRvaSi _ me vicurave zRvaSi

He (eat) an apple _ is (Wama) vaSls

They (talk) to the girls. isini (saubari) gogonebs. You (work) In the office. Tqven (muSaoba) ofisSi.

Aarsebobs mravali msgavsi saxis savarjiSo, rac dagexmarebaT gramatiku-

lad swori winadadebebis (ix. kompetenciebi 6.4.7.7) da zogierT SemTxvevaSi iseTi

frazebis agebaSi, romlebic SesaZloa SegxvdeT garkveul sakomunikacio situa-

ciebSi:

gamoiyeneT mocemuli gamonaTqvamebidan erT-erTi mimarTulebis gasark-

vevad:

ukacravad, xom ver metyodiT..?

ukacravad, xom ver damexmarebiT? minda vicode..

xom ar iciT..?

magaliTad, imisTvis, rom daadginoT CifenhemSi mimavali Semdegi avto-

busis gasvlis dro, SegiZliaT TqvaT:

ukacravad, xom ver damexmarebiT? Mminda vicode, romel saaTze gadis Sem-

degi avtobusi CifenhemSi?

iTxoveT Semdegi saxis informacia.

gza Tviqenhemisaken.

sad mdebareobs bondis quCa

rogor movxvdeT haid parkSi

es gamonaTqvamebi mxolod instrumentebia; Tqven unda SeasruloT is

savarjiSoebic, romlebic realur sakomunikacio amocanebs saxavs. aseTia, kidev

erTi saxis savarjiSo, romelsac xSirad rolebis gaTamaSebas uwodeben. es

savarjiSo uzrunvelyofs garkveul scenars, romelic Semdeg unda gaTamaSdes.

rolebis gaTamaSeba SeiZleba iyos Zalian mokle:

Tqveni Tanamosaubre: sawyenia, rom SabaTs wveulebaze ar moxvediT.

Tqven: (uTxariT, rom, samwuxarod, ver moaxerxeT)

Aan Zalian grZeli:

Tqveni Tanamosaubre: sawyenia, rom SabaTs wveulebaze ar moxvediT.

Tqven: (uTxariT, rom ver SesZeliT).

Tqveni Tanamosaubre: oh, ra samarcxvinoa!

Tqven: (uTxariT, rom manqana gagifuWdaT)

69

Tqveni Tanamosaubre: imedia, seriozuli araferia!

Tqven: (uTxariT, raSic mdgomareobda problema da rom is gadaWrilia).

Tveni Tanamosaubre: CemTvis unda dagerekaT!

Tqven: (uTxariT, rom ar mogafiqrdaT da madloba gadauxadeT Tqven Tana

mosaubres)

Tqveni Tanamosaubre: mSvenieri wveuleba iyo!

Tqven: (uTxariT, rom sawyenia, rom ver mixvediT)

Tqveni Tanamosaubre: iqneb, Semdeg jerze mainc moxvideT!

Tqven: (dasTanxmdiT am SemoTavazebas da madloba gadauxadeT Tqvens

Tanamosaubres)

Aam aqtivobebis upiratesoba ix aris, rom gamoTqmebis organizebas Tqven

gandobT. magaliTad, zemoT moyvanili rolebis gaTamaSebaSi, Tqven kvlav giwevT

preteritis gamoyeneba, magram amjerad mas iyenebT imis saTqmelad, rac gindaT.

struqturuli drilebis SemTxvevaSi ki, saTqmelis manipulireba xdeba kon-

teqstis mier.

zogierTi davaleba, sxvebTan SedarebiT, ufro advilia. gacilebiT ad-

vilia gamzadebuli dialogis gameoreba, vidre saubari raime Temaze winaswari

momzadebis gareSe, maSinac ki, roca saubari erTi wuTi grZeldeba da misi Tema

TqvenTvis sakmaod nacnobia. Mmagram, unda iTqvas, rom orive tipis savarjiSo

Taviseburad gamosadegia. aqac, yvelaferi Tqvens mier dasaxul mizanzea da-

mokidebuli. magaliTad, Tu gindaT intonaciis gaumjobeseba, ufro produ-

qtiuli iqneba mza teqstTan muSaoba, romelsac Cawerili nimuSic moepoveba.

agreTve, gaxsovdeT is, rac me-3 nawilSi aRvniSneT: Tqven dagWirdebaT ga-

moTqmebis moZieba maTi Semdgomi Seswavlis mizniT. maTi moZiebisa da Tavmoyris

Semdeg, gamoxatvaze sul ufro naklebi sistematurobiT imuSavebT (ix. zemoT).

Tumca, davalebebis zogierTi tipi, sistemur muSaobas moiTxovs (magaliTad,

struqturuli drilebi) da zogierTi bevrad fleqsiuria (rogoricaa rolebis

gaTamaSeba).

gamoxatvis aqtivobaze an savarjiSoze muSaobis dawyebamde, kompetenciebis

momxmareblebma SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:

_ Tu romel specifikur sakiTxebze muSaobis saSualebas iZleva aR-

niSnuli savarjiSo;

_ Tu ramdenad Seesabameba es sakiTxebi maT miznebs;

_ Tu ramdenad uzrunvelyofs aRniSnuli savarjiSo `gamoxatvis Tavise-

burebas~

_ aqvT Tu ara gamoTqmebis arCevani;

_ aris Tu ara aRniSnuli aqtivoba gamoyenebuli sakomunikacio situaci-

aSi;

_ aris Tu ara maT mier asagebi winadadebebi erTmaneTisagan damoukide-

beli.

Tqven gacilebiT meti TavisuflebiT sargeblobT saTqmelis damoukide-

blad SerCevisas. amitomac, unda elaparakoT sakuTar Tavs. warmoidgineT, rom

esaubrebiT Tqven mierve SerCeul adamianebs. sportis ostatebi, romelTac

xSirad vadevnebT Tvalyurs satelevizio eTeris meSveobiT, mimarTaven moZ-

raobebis mentalur simulirebas (moTxilamureebi warmoidgenen, rom slalomiT

eSvebian ferdobze, simaRleze mxtomelebi gonebrivad varjiSoben garbenze da a.

S.). aseTi praqtika Zalze sasargebloa _ warmoidgenT ra, rom saubrobT, realu-

rad acnobierebT, ris Tqma SegiZliaT da ris _ ara. Ees, Tavis mxriv, da-

gexmarebaT samomavlod muSaobisas swori arCevanis gakeTebaSi. ufro metic, am

àqtivobas~ udidesi upiratesoba aqvs im mxrivac, rom misi Sesruleba SesaZle-

belia yvelgan: sacobebSi, stomatologis mosacdel oTaxSi da a. S.

70

ganvrcobisaTvis, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT Tqvens irgvliv mimdinare movle-

nebi: Tavs gadamxdari patara incidentebi, sagzao moZraobis niSnebi da rek-

lamebi, agreTve, sagazeTo statiebi _ yvela maTgans SeuZlia Tqveni uzrunvely-

ofa `nebismieri saTqmeliT~.


_ Tu maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mimdinare movlenebidan, romeli

SesZlebda sasaubro TemebiT uzrunvelyofas?

_ SesZlebdnen Tu ara am Temebze saubars ucxo enaze?

_ surT Tu ara scadon?

savarjiSoebis Sesruleba

rogorc gagebaze davalebebis SemTxvevaSi, ise aqac, mniSvnelovania mo-

samzadebeli samuSao, rac win uZRvis TviT davalebis Sesrulebas. romel ga-

moTqmebze gsurT muSaoba? gWirdebaT Tu ara romelime gramatikuli wesis an

konkretuli sityvebis gamoTqmis gadaxedva mosamzadebel etapze? gWirdebaT Tu

ara saTqmelis winaswar ganWvreta, calkeuli sityvebis mniSvnelobebis

leqsikonSi moZieba, an vinmesgan gageba, Tu rogor unda CamoayaliboT mocemuli

saTqmeli? kvlav SegaxsenebT, rom zogierTi davalebis SemTxvevaSi, Zalze

dagexmarebaT pasuxebis furclis gadaxedva savarjiSos Sesrulebamde: roca

iciT, ra unda gaakeToT, ukeTesad gamogdiT, gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu raimes

swavlobT da ara arkvevT. swavlisas mniSvnelovania savarjiSoebis Sesruleba

da maTi gameoreba, magram ara nebismieri saxiT. xelmeored dawyebamde SeafaseT

ukve gakeTebuli. savarjiSos pirvelad Sesrulebamdec xom moniSneT sakiTxebi

maTze Semdgomi koncentrirebis mizniT.

rolebis gaTamaSebisas Tu, magaliTad gindaT ivarjiSoT preteritis ga-

moyenebaze, swored am sakiTxze moaxdenT koncentrirebas savarjiSos pirvelad

Sesrulebisas da misi xelmeored SesrulebisaTvis mzadebis procesSi. ukve Ses-

rulebuli samuSaos Sesruleba rom SesZloT, cxadia saWiroa garkveuli aR-

ricxva. saamisod mravalnairi gza arsebobs: magaliTad, `Savi~ Canawerebis keTeba

an sxva SemswavlelisaTvis Txovna, rom man CainiSnos Tqveni naTqvami. Mmagram

albaT yvelaze ukeTesi iqneba sakuTari Tavis Cawera maSinac ki, roca muSaobas

iwyebT da odnav geSiniaT. mxolod Canaweri mogcemT saSualebas, srulad, sala-

parako formiT moisminoT sakuTari naTqvami. rolebis xelmeored gaTamaSeba,

roca ukve pirveli mcdeloba damTavrebulia da masSi saTanado koreqtivebicaa

Setanili, dagexmarebaT procesis ufro avtomaturad warmarTvaSi. Tanac, gameo-

rebaze varjiSebis mier xelovnurad avtomatizebul refleqsebTan SedarebiT, es

procesi ufro Rirebulia.

davalebis gameoreba ar gulisxmobs imas, rom meore jerzec zustad igive

unda gakeTdes. magaliTad, rolebis gaTamaSebisas SesaZlebelia konteqstis

aspeqtebis Secvla. SegiZliaT warmoidginoT, rom sxva adamians esaubrebiT, rom

saubrobT ufro dawvrilebiT an cdilobT naklebad formaluri iyoT. aseve,

SegiZliaT isaubroT ufro modunebulad an swrafad, naklebi enamWevrobiT an

naklebi orWofobiT.

SegiZliaT SecvaloT samuSao meTodic: meore jerze saTqmels winaswar nu

moamzadebT an moamzadeT mxolod misi monaxazi.

dabolos, savarjiSos gameoreba sakuTari Tavis gamocdasac gulisxmobs.

hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs: `vici es rogor keTdeba? rogor gamomiva?~ am SemTxvevaSi

saWiroa rac SeiZleba realur pirobebSi muSaoba. swored am dros unda gadawy-

vitoT, miscemT Tu ara sakuTar Tavs winaswari momzadebis an Secdomebis daSve-

bis uflebas.

71

zepir gamoxatvaze varjiSis dawyebamde, kompetenciebis momxmareblebma

SeiZleba hkiTxon sakuTar Tavs:

_ saWiroa Tu ara savarjiSosaTvis momzadeba leqsikuri an gramatikuli

sakiTxebis, TviTgamoxatvis calkeuli gzebis SeswavliT an gameorebiT;

_ Tu rogor apireben savarjiSos Sesrulebas: dawyebamde pasuxebis fur-

clis gadaxedviT, `Savi~ CanawerebiT Tu sakuTari Tavis CaweriT.

_ Tu ramdenjer gaimeoreben savarjiSos da ra saxis daxmarebis gamoyene-

bis uflebas miscemen sakuTar Tavs.

nawili 5 _ Sefaseba (ix. kompetenciebi Tavi 3,

cxrili 2 / 4, skalebi / 5, skalebi / 19

Sefaseba ucxo enis dauflebis ganuyofeli nawilia. sxva sityvebiT rom

vTqvaT, mTeli saswavlo procesis ganmavlobaSi unda xdebodes ganvlili etape-

bis Sefaseba (ZiriTadad sxva adamianis mier), miTumetes, Tu Semswavleli jer

kidev Sorsaa saboloo nabijis gadadgmisagan. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT me-3

nawilSi, Secdomebi arsebiT rols asrulebs aRniSnul procesSi: mosazreba,

rom kargi moswavle arasodes uSvebs Secdomebs, safuZvelSive mcdaria. kargi

Semswavleli ambobs, Tu ris keTeba ar ZaluZs mocemul momentSi. igi mimarTavs

Sefasebas progresirebisaTvis da imis gasarkvevad, rac jer kidev Sesaswavli

aqvs. ase, rom TviTSefaseba ar aris mxolod sakuTari Secdomebis danaxva da

koreqtireba, rasac regularuli monitoringis saxe aqvs ukve naswavlTan mimar-

TebaSi. Tumca, Sefaseba arc is aqtivobaa, romelic Semswavlelis kontrols

miRma rCeba: mudmivi monitoringis warmoeba mxolod SemswavlelTa gadawy-

vetilebazea damokidebuli:


_ Seafases Tu ara sakuTari muSaoba maswavleblis Sefasebisagan

gansxvavebulad;

_ Tu ra gansxvavebebi dainaxes;

_ ukve miakvlies Tu ara sakuTari Secdomebis identificirebis strate-

giebs da Tu es asea, ra saxisaa strategiebi.

_ iyeneben Tu ara maT muSaobis procesSi, Tu mxolod savarjiSos das-

rulebis Semdeg.

_ xSirad uSvebdnen Tu ara erTsa da imave Secdomebs da ras gaakeTebdnen

maTi aRmofxvrisaTvis.

zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare, Sefaseba is pasuxismgebloba ar aris, ro-

melic SeiZleba sxvas daekisros. Sefaseba, romelic arsebiTia swavlisa da

dauflebisaTvis, aucileblad personaluri da individualuria. amitomac mas

xSirad TviTSefasebas uwodeben: igi unda ganaxorcielos adamianma, romelic

swavlobs (ix. kompetenciebi 9.3.1.3.). roca Semswavlelebi afaseben sakuTari

muSaobis Sedegebs, isini gulwrfelebi arian, radgan mxolod maT gaaCniaT

Sedegebis sworad gaanalizebisaTvis aucilebeli informacia. magaliTad, Tqven

SemTxvevaSi, mxolod Tqven iciT ra miznebi da moTxovnebi gaqvT (ix. kompeten-

ciebi 9.2. / 9.3)

TviTSefaseba regularul xasiaTs unda atarebdes, rom Tqven SesZloT

aRebuli kursis Secvla, Tuki naxavT, rom is, rasac akeTebT, ar Seesabameba imas,

ris gakeTebasac fiqrobdiT. igi saSualebas gaZlevT, muSaobis kvaldakval Ta-

72

vidan gansazRvroT da CamoayaliboT sakuTari miznebi. swavla ar aris raime

gzis brmad miyola; swored TviTSefaseba uzrunvelyofs im informacias, ro-

melic saSualebas gaZlevT aRebuli kursi areguliroT Tqveni miznebis,

moTxovnebis, survilebis da a. S. cvlilebebis mixedviT.


_ Tu ra miznebi amoZravebT ucxo enebis Seswavlisas da rogor situa-

ciebSi apireben maT gamoyenebas (ix. ganyofileba I, `moTxovnaTa analizi~);

_ Tu rogor gamoiyeneben am kiTxvebze pasuxebs TviTSefasebisaTvis sa-

Tanado teqnikisa da Temebis SesarCevad.

rogorc vnaxeT, daufleba gulisxmobs TviTSefasebas. magram TviTSefase-

bis garda, romelic Sinagani da pirovnulia, SeiZleba arsebobdes Sefasebis

sxva saxeebic. maTgan erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebulia sertificireba, rogori-

caa mocemuli momentisaTvis iseTi institutis mier ganxorcielebuli Sefaseba,

romelic dakavSirebuli ar aris SemswavlelTan. sertificireba, Cveulebriv ga-

mocdis Sedegia. Tu ucxo enis Seswavlisas Tqveni mizania gamocdis Cabareba,

unda gaiTvaliswinoT, ras moicavs igi (savarjiSos tipebi, unarebi, romlebic

unda gamoicados, gamomcdelis molodinebi da a.S). samuSao miznebis SerCevisas,

TviTSefaseba ganaxorcieleT imisaTvisac, rom gaarkvioT, Tu ramdenad axerxebT

sagamocdo cenzebis dakmayofilebas. (ix. kompetenciebi 8.3 / 8.4)


_ surT Tu ara gamocdis Cabareba, da Tu es asea, rogori saxisaa sila-

busi?

nu ifiqrebT, rom TviTSefaseba aris ubralod iseTi gamocdis mowyoba sa-

kuTari TavisaTvis, rogorsac organizebas ukeTeben institutebi da maswavle-

blebi. maT Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa, radgan Semswavlels surs icodes,

ramdenad kargad swavlobs da ara mxolod is, Tu ras daeufla. ùkeTesad

vswavlob?~ da `ra viswavle?. sulac ar aris erTi da igive kiTxva. moculoba da

done erTmaneTSi ar unda gvereodes.


_ progresireben Tu ara swavlis unaris TvalsazrisiT:

_ isini, rogorc Semswavlelebi, xdebian Tu ara ufro kvalificiurebi

enis codnisa da unarebis TvalsazrisiT.

rogor SevafasoT sakuTari samuSao meTodebi da Sedegebi? upirveles

yovlisa, unda gamoviyenoT SeZlebisdagvarad gansxvavebuli teqnika da kriteri-

umebi. ar arsebobs testi, romelic erTdroulad Seafasebs gamoTqmas, leqsikur

marags, gramatikas, sakomunikacio praqtikas, gagebas, gamoxatvas, weras, mety-

velebas da a. S.

meore, unda SegveZlos sxvadasxva aspeqtebis gancalkeveba. konkretulad

ra unda Sefasdes? rogor gamoiyeneba calkeuli struqturuli wesebi, magali-

Tad, rogor avagoT gramatikuli winadadeba `do~ damxmare zmnis gamoyenebiT? an

rogor gamoviyenoT calkeuli wesebi sxvadasxva sakomunikacio situaciebSi,

rogoricaa: ucnobTan misalmeba, megobrisaTvis pirobis micema, maRaziaSi SevaW-

reba, xumroba, Tavazianobis gamoCena, gaRizianeba da a. S. imis SerCeva, rac unda

Sefasdes, vakuumSi ar xdeba: es unda efuZnebodes dasaxul miznebs. mniSvnelova-

nia imis Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad adekvaturad viyenebT mocemul enas situaci-

asTan, sakuTar miznebTan da socialur urTierTobasTan mimarTebaSi. azri ar

aqvs cxovelebis saxelebis CamonaTvalis swavlas an sajaro leqciisaTvis

mzadebas, Tu aseTi codna realurad ar gvWirdeba.

73

daskvna: swavlaSi saukeTeso Sefaseba TviTSefasebaa.

nawili 6 _ swavlis saxesxvaobani (ix. kompetenciebi 6.1 / 7.3.3.1)

yvela erTnairad ar swavlobs. arseboben adamianebi, romelTac moswonT

zogadad mimoxilva detalebSi CaZiebamde da adamianebi, romelTac moswonT

nabij-nabij svla. zogierTs wesebi moswons da zogierTs magaliTebi urCevnia.

zogierTi riskis moyvarulia da zogierTi amjobinebs mis Tavidan acilebas. ad-

amianebis erTi kategoria upiratesobas aniWebs maRalorganizebul kurss zedmi-

wevniTi struqturis mqone silabusiT, sxvebs improvizacia, davalebisa da Temis

xSiri Secvla moswonT. ra Tqma unda, arian iseTi adamianebic, (albaT, umravle-

soba), romlebic yvelafers akeTeben sxvadasxva dros, ganwyobis mixedviT, _

imisda mixedviT, Tavs daRlilad grZnoben Tu ara, agreTve, gamocdilebis, moce-

muli davalebis tipis, sakuTari resursebisa da miznebis mixedviT. es yvelaferi

cxadyofs, rom ucxo enis Seswavlisadmi arsebuli midgomebi da swavlis saxesx-

vaobani Zalze gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.

idealuri saxesxvaoba ar arsebobs: Zalian bevri adamiani axerxebs ucxo

enebis Seswavlas miuxedavad imisa, rom isini erTnairad ar swavloben. Tumca,

aRsaniSnavia, rom rac ufro meti gansxvavebuli midgoma arsebobs, miT ufro

didia albaToba, gamoiZebnos iseTi, romelic raime konkretuli miznis adekva-

turi iqneba.

enis swavlisaTvis Tavis warmatebiT garTmevisaTvis, saWiroa vicodeT, ra

Segvefereba (swavlis is nairsaxeobani, romelsac vamjobinebT) da ra saxis

midgomebi arsebobs. ase rom, mizani oria: movaxdinoT CvenTvis Sesaferis

nairsaxeobebis identificireba da gavzardoT im nairsaxeobaTa xelmisawvdomoba,

romelTa gamoyenebac SeiZleba dagvWirdes. roca vaxdenT imis identificirebas,

rasac upiratesobas vaniWebT, Tavdapirvelad unda gavarkvioT, ra tipis davale-

bebi mogvwons da ar mogvwons. magram ar unda moxdes mxolod sakuTar davale-

bebze dayrdnoba, radgan SeiZleba adgili hqondes SeuTavseblobas sakuTar

samuSao Cvevebsa (Cvevebi, romelTac Cveulebriv skolaSi iZenen) da pirovnul

tips Soris. yovel SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlebelia xelmisawvdomi midgomebis raode-

nobrivad gazrda, Tu adamiani ar mosinjavs yvela gansxvavebuli tipis davale-

bas. andazaSic naTqvamia: srulyofileba praqtikas moaqvs.


_ Tu rogori davalebebi, aqtivobebi da savarjiSoebi moswonT / ar mos-

wonT; (ix. kompetenciebi 7.3.1.2)

_ Tu fiqroben imaze, rogor muSaoben;

_ moswonT Tu ara wesebisa da magaliTebis swavla;

_ amjobineben Tu ara erT momentSi erTis saxis samuSaos Sesrulebas;

_ surT Tu ara iseTi davalebebis an aqtivobebis Sesruleba, romelTac

mosabezreblad miiCneven;

_ cdiloben Tu ara zogadad mimoxilvas aqtivobis an davalebis Ses-

rulebis dawyebamde;

_ moswonT Tu ara detalebSi CaZieba;

_ sCveviaT Tu ara ramdenime saswavlo sesiis winaswar dagegmva, Tu

gadawyvetilebas yoveli sesiis dasawyisSi Rebuloben;

_ damoukideblad muSaoba urCevniaT, Tu gundurad;

_ muSaoben uSualod sakuTari moTxovnebis mixedviT, Tu drodadro iseT

aqtivobebsa da davalebebsac asruleben, romlebic arTobT an ainteresebT;

74

TviTSefasebis teqnikis nairsaxeobani

1. SegiZliaT airCioT is testebi, SeavsoT is kiTxvarebi, a. S. romle-

bic SemuSavebulia am mizniT sxvebis mier.

2. testis saxiT SegiZliaT airCioT iseTi aqtivobebisa da davalebebis

Sesruleba, romlebic momzadebulia sxvebis mier da ar aqvs Sefasebis

daniSnuleba.

magaliTi: gramatikul savarjiSos asrulebT wesebisa da magaliTebis

gauTvaliswineblad, Semdeg asworebT sakuTar naSroms da uwerT sakuTar Tavs

niSans.

3. SegiZliaT Tavad SeqmnaT testi, an moamzadoT davaleba, romelsac

TviTSefasebisaTvis gamoiyenebT, an SegiZliaT isargebloT sxva Semswavlelis

mier momzadebuli testebiTa da davalebebiT.

magaliTebi: sagangebod dafareT leqsikonis `Targmanebis~ nawili.

statiis an teqstis qseroaslze sityvebis amoSliT moamzadeT testi, mog-

vianebiT SeasruleT savarjiSo da sakuTari Sedegebi SeadareT teqstis origi-

nals.

upasuxeT megobris mier momzadebul SekiTxvebs zepir gagebaze.

4. SegiZliaT gaimeoroT cota xnis win Sesrulebuli savarjiSo, rom

gaarkvioT, axla ufro giadvildebaT Tu gerTulebaT igi da ra mxriv.

5. SegiZliaT awarmooT dRiuri, sadac CainiSnavT yvela problemas,

romelsac muSaobisas waawydiT (miuxedavad imisa, dasZlieT Tu ara isini),

agreTve sakuTari muSaobis Sefasebas, masTan dakavSirebul grZnobebsa da STa-

beWdilebebs. dRiuris regularuli kiTxviT, SegiZliaT daakvirdeT Tqveni

muSaobis progresirebas.

6. SegiZliaT uzrunvelyoT saubrebi im adamianebTan, visTvisac ena,

romelsac swavlobT, mSobliuria (an gaiTamaSoT saubrebi sxva SemswavlelTan

erTad an damoukideblad). aRniSnuli saubrebi CaiwereT da mogvianebiT gad-

axedeT maT.

magaliTebi: Semswavlels, romelsac unda gaiumjobesos gamoTqma an ga-

moxatva, SeuZlia Seamowmos saubrebis Canawerebi, sakuTari TavisaTvis aseTi

kiTxvebis dasmiT: `rodis momiwia gameoreba?~, `ris gameoreba damWirda?~. àda-

mianma, romelsac vesaubrebodi, ramdenjer ver gamigo?~. `ra Sesworebebi, kritika

an SeniSvnebi miviRe am adamianisagan? ~

7. SegiZliaT gazomoT Tqveni enobrivi da komunikaciuri SesaZle-

blobebis ramdenime specifikuri aspeqti.

magaliTebi: SegiZliaT gamoTvaloT, ramden xans andomebT werilobiTi

teqstis an Canaweris gagebas.

SegiZliaT gamoTvaloT, ramdenjer dagWirdaT leqsikoniT an Tqveni magni-

tofonis ukan gadasaxvevi RilakiT sargebloba.

SegiZliaT SeqmnaT Tqveni sayvareli Secdomebis sia.

8. sakuTari qmedebis Sefasebis nacvlad, SegiZliaT SeafasoT Tqveni

Tanamosaubreebis pasuxebi da reaqciebi: iyo isini saTanado, damakmayofilebeli,

gasagebi?

magaliTebi:

davibrune Cemi fuli?

vipove quCa, romelsac veZebdi?

gadamixades maT madloba?

gavicani is?

movaxerxe Sexvedris daniSvna?

9. SegiZliaT sakuTari Tavi sxva Semswavlelebs SeadaroT an sTxovoT

maT Tqveni muSaobis Sefaseba.

magaliTebi: Semswavlels, romelic jgufis erT-erTi wevria, SeuZlia

hkiTxos sakuTar Tavs:

75

var me mari-xoses doneze?

viwyeb sofisTan gaTanabrebas?

filipi mjobnis?

ra TvalsazrisiT?

ratom?

jgufs SeuZlia erToblivad Seafasos romelime wevris zogadi done an

specifikuri Zalisxmeva.

10. TviTdamkvidreba: SegiZliaT sakuTar Tavs kiTxvebi dausvaT Tqveni

muSaobis an qmedebebis sxvadasxva emociur da fizikur aspeqtze.

magaliTebi:

uwindeburad vnerviulob telefoniT saubrisas?

vgrZnob Tu ara, rom axla ufro advilad esmiT Cemi?

ufro xSirad vTargmni mSobliuri enidan?

ratom miadvildeba frangulad ukeTesad saubari jinTan da ara marisTan?

76

Ubwj!JJJ!

Son deviti

gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisa da SemswavlelebisaTvis

am etapze gzamkvlevs aqcenti gadaaqvs saklaso oTaxSi momuSave maswavle-

blebsa da Semswavlelebze. es adamianebi xom enis Seswavlis procesis mTavari

monawileebi arian. gadavwyviteT, es nawili orive jgufisaTvis mogvemzadebina.

ZiriTadi mizani aris maswavlebelTa uzrunvelyofa winadadebiT, Tu rogor mia-

wodon kompetenciebis mosazrebebi Semswavlelebs.

faqtiurad, mTeli gzamkvlevi gaTvlilia saklaso oTaxSi moRvawe mas-

wavleblebsa da maT trenerebze. moiazreba nebismieri kategoriis maswavlebeli

yvelanairi saxis pirobebSi, mravalgvari SezRudvebis farglebSi da aseve

gansxvavebuli miznebiT. gzamkvlevSi Setanili kiTxvebisa da davalebebis dax-

marebiT SesaZlebelia im sistemebSi arsebuli problemuri mxareebis identifi-

cireba, romlebSic maswavleblebi moRvaweoben, es maT reformisaTvis

reprezentaciebis saSualebas miscems. maswavleblebma Tavad unda gadawyviton,

romeli nawilebia maTTvis marTebuli da romeli kiTxvebi da davalebebia adek-

vaturi.

dasaSvebia, rom bevrma maswavlebelma dro ver gamonaxos kompetenciebis

wasakiTxad an is zedmetad kompleqsurad miiCnios. arc is aris gamoricxuli,

rom maT ubralod ar hqondeT dro imaze fiqrisaTvis, Tu rogor aswavlian enas,

ras akeTeben, risTvis an ratom akeTeben amas. am mxriv gzamkvlevi Seasrulebs

vademecum-is funqcias. es nawili specialurad Seiqmna im mizniT, rom stimuli

misces da daexmaros maswavleblebs, raTa isini ufro metad dafiqrdnen, ras

akeTeben da Sesabamisad Camoayalibon sakuTari amocanebi saTanado meTodebiT

da SefasebiT. agreTve, am nawilis mizania SeZlebisdagvarad Searbilos kompe

tenciebis aSkara kompleqsuroba, ramdenime ZiriTadi aspeqtiT davalebebisa da

SekiTxvebis uzrunvelyofiT. es daexmareba maswavleblebs enis gamoyenebis iseTi

komponentebis / aspeqtebis winaswar dadgenaSi, romlebic ZiriTad dokumentSia

ganxiluli. amis Semdeg isini ukeT SesZleben msjelobas aRniSnul sakiTxebze

SemswavlelebTan erTad.

-

naklebad savaraudoa, rom enis Semswavlels dro an SesaZlebloba hqon-

des kompetenciebis wasakiTxad; Tanac, bevri ram maTTvis, albaT, Zalze rTuli

da teqnikuri iqneba. amis gaTvaliswinebiT Seiqmna sxvadasxva sakiTxTan da-

kavSirebuli samuSao furclebis krebuli, romelic am nawilis bolosaa gan-

Tavsebuli. igi exeba rogorc SemswavlelTa pirvel enas, ise im enas / enebs, ro-

melTac maT skolaSi aswavlian. samuSao furclebis daniSnulebaa, saSualeba

misces maswavleblebs daexmaron Semswavlelebs, rom maT icodnen, Tu ras akeTe-

ben sakuTari enis gamoyenebisas. Sesabamisad, isini ufro gaTviTcnobierebulni

iqnebian im sakiTxebSi, rasac moicavs ucxo enis Seswavla. enasa da enis gamo-

yenebaSi gaTviTcnobiereba gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia kompetenciebSi, rogorc

adamianis zogadi ganviTarebis erT-erTi mxare. es nawili Sedgeba ramdenime qve-

danayofisagan, romlebic ASegviZlia èrTeulebad~ ganvixiloT. aq mocemulia

kompetenciebSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis mxolod SezRuduli raodenoba2. yoveli

èrTeuli~ iwyeba kompetenciebis Sesabamis Tavze (Tavebze) msjelobiT, rasac mo-

hyveba, kompetenciebis terminebis gamoyenebiT, sakuTari enis detaluri analizi.

Semdeg mocemulia imave sakiTxebis analizi meore an ucxo enasTan mimarTebaSi.

77

aRniSnuli Tavi danarCenebisagan imiT gamoirCeva, rom SekiTxvebTan erTad mo-

wodebulia davalebebi, ganxilul sakiTxebze ufro Rrmad dafiqrebis mizniT.

mkiTxvels SeuZlia misTvis Sesaferis / damxmare davalebebis Sesrulebis Sem-

deg, gadaxedos kompetenciebis Sesabamis Tavs da upasuxos mis bolos dasmul

SekiTxvebs. garkveul etapze SesaZlebelia drois gamonaxvac, aRniSnul sa-

kiTxebze SemswavlelebTan erTad msjelobisaTvis, samuSao furclebis gamoyene-

biT. Tu am procesis Sedegad, maswavleblebi da Semswavlelebi gadawyveten gad-

axedon sakuTar Sexedulebebs enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaze, iseve, rogorc sa-

kuTar midgomas am sakiTxisadmi, maSin gzamkvlevis am Tavis mier dasmuli amo-

cana Sesrulebuli iqneba.

nawili 1 _ komunikaciis aspeqtebi

(kompetenciebi 4, punqtebi 4.1-4.4)

kompetenciebis me-4 Tavi exeba enis gamoyenebasa da enis momxmarebels /

Semswavlels. es èrTeuli~ moicavs aRniSnuli Tavis oTx punqts: enis gamoyene-

bis konteqsti, sakomunikacio Temebi, sakomunikacio davalebebi da miznebi, sako-

munikacio enis aqtivobebi da strategiebi.3

sityva `komunikacia~ ori nawilisagan Sesdgeba: `kom~ niSnavs èrTad~,

ùni~ _ èrTi~ ase, rom komunikaciaSi Cveulebriv CarTulia sul mcire ori ada-

miani _ me da sxva, romelTac erTi sivrce gvaerTianebs. bunebrivia, Cven war-

movidgenT im komunikaciis ZiriTad komponentebs, romelSic vmonawileobT; igive

iTqmis meore mxareze, _ adamianze / adamianebze, visTanac komunikacias vamyarebT,

maT Tanamosaubreebi ewodebaT. didi mniSvneloba aqvs gamaerTianebel sivrcesac;

orive partniori erT talRaze unda imyofebodes. ase, rom mniSvneloba eniWeba

ara mxolod imas, Tu vin arian partniorebi, aramed TiToeuli maTganis fiqrebs,

grZnobebs da a. S. komunikaciis momentSi.

me-4 Tavis 4.1 punqti detalurad ganixilavs yvela im konteqsts, romelSic

adgili aqvs komunikacias. aqcenti keTdeba imaze, Tu sad xdeba komunikacia da

vin monawileobs masSi. saerTod, migvaCnia, rom situaciebi asocirdeba konkre-

tul adgilebTan, rogoricaa: saxli, skola, banki, fosta da a. S. Tumca,

SesaZlebelia maTi dajgufeba ufro farTo gagebiTac _ kerZo, sajaro, samuSao,

saganmanaTleblo da a. S. TiToeul maTganSi moiazreba sxvadasxva institutebi,

magaliTad, ojaxi kerZo gagebiT, skolis administracia saganmanaTleblo

sferoSi. yoveli sfero Tu instituti aerTianebs sxvadasxva adamianebsa da

sagnebs (magaliTad, skolaSi _ maswavleblebi, klaselebi, meore mxriv, wignebi,

saskolo aveji da a.S). Cven am yvelafers vacnobierebT, magram SeiZleba ver vac-

nobierebdeT imas, rom Cvens mier gamoyenebadi enis calkeuli kritikuli ele-

mentebi mniSvnelovnad icvleba imisda mixedviT, Tu sad xdeba komunikacia da

vin monawileobs masSi.

komunikaciis meore aspeqti aris Tema. kompetenciebis 4.2 punqti iyenebs ma-

galiTs (aRebulia zRvruli done 1990-dan), rom gviCvenos, Tu rogor SeiZleba

sakomunikacio aqtebis Temebis klasificireba. pirovnul WrilSi SeiZleba arse-

bobdes Semdegi Temebi: TviTidentifikacia, saxli, garemo, yoveldRiuri

cxovreba, Tavisufali dro da garToba, mogzauroba da a. S. Tema Tavisufal

drosa da garTobaze Sedgeba sami qveTemisagan, romlebic exeba dasvenebas, gata-

cebebsa da interesebs, radiosa da televizias, kinos, Teatrs, sports da a. S.

sporti SeiZleba daiyos saasparezo adgilebis, monawile adamianebis, konkre-

tuli movlenebisa da qmedebebis mixedviT, rogoricaa: TamaSi, yureba da a. S. ko-

munikaciis kidev erTi aspeqtia davalebebi da is miznebi, romlebic amoZravebs

komunikaciaSi monawile TiToeul partniors. TiTqmis SeuZlebelia yvela im

78

SesaZlo davalebaTa CamoTvla, romlebic sruldeba enis gamoyenebisas. kompe-

tenciebis 4.3 punqtSi moyvanilia ori magaliTi (aRebulia kvlav zRvruli done

1990-dan). pirveli exeba samuSao sferos, meore _ pirovnuls. es ori magaliTi,

savaraudod, sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom zogadi warmodgena Segveqmnas davalebe-

bisa da miznebis mniSvnelobaze. samuSao sfero: `rogorc droebiTma reziden-

tebma, Semswavlelebma unda SesZlon samuSao nebarTvis mopoveba, a. S... unda

gaerkvnen dasaqmebis tipSi, xelmisawvdomobasa da pirobebSi..., unda gaecnon

gancxadebebs dasaqmebaze, Seadginon saaplikacio werili da daeswron gasaubre-

bebs...~

pirovnuli sfero: `Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT daasaxelon sakuTari vinaoba,

damarcvlon sakuTari saxeli, daasaxelon sakuTari misamarTi, gascen sakuTari

telefonis nomeri, ganacxadon sad da rodis daibadnen, ra asakis arian... ra

erovnebis, saidan arian warmoSobiT... daaxasiaTon sakuTari ojaxi... Tqvan, ra

moswonT da ra ara..~

komunikaciis bolo aspeqti, romelsac ganixilavs es èrTeuli~, aris sa-

komunikacio enis aqtivobebi. isini gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenadaa adamiani Cabmuli

sakomunikacio aqtSi: agebs sakuTar teqsts (metyveleba an wera), iRebs mas ucv-

lelad (mosmena an kiTxva), interaqciaSia sxva adamianTan an vinmes gadascems

Setyobinebas.

1. 1. komunikaciis aspeqtebi: sakuTari ena

vin, visTan da sad? (monawileebi da situacia)

komunikacia damokidebulia monawile adamianebsa da maT adgilsa-

myofelze. enis gamoyeneba gulisxmobs imis codnas, Tu vin varT Cven, vin aris is

adamiani, romelTanac gvaqvs komunikacia da sad xdeba igi. yvela CamoTvlil

aspeqts Taviseburi sxvaoba Seaqvs Cvens mier gamoyenebad enaSi. am sxvaobaTa

dasanaxad, SegviZlia davfiqrdeT magaliTad, enaze, romelsac Semdeg or gare-

moebaSi gamoviyenebdiT: a) personalis Sesakreb oTaxSi kolegasTan Woraoba; b)

sityviT gamosvla moswavleebis, maswavleblebisa da mSoblebis winaSe mas Sem-

deg, rac skolis safexburTo gundma mniSvnelovani Sexvedra moigo.

davaleba 1 a: rogor icvleba ena imisda mixedviT, Tu vin visTan da sad

amyarebs komunikacias (monawileebi, situacia)

· CamowereT sul mcire aTi adamianis sia4 romlebTan urTierTobaSic

gamoiyeneT ena dRes (an guSin). sxvadasxva feriT aRniSneT aTive maTganis saxeli

imisda mixedviT, enis gansxvavebuli Tu igive tipi gamoiyeneT maTTan urTierTo-

baSi. ra gansxvavebebs hqonda adgili enis gamoyenebaSi adamianTa TiToeul kate-

goriasTan mimarTebaSi?

· CamowereT sul mcire aTi adgilis saxelwodeba, sadac dRes (an

guSin) gamoiyeneT ena. sxvadasxvanairad SeaferadeT aTive maTgani imisda mixed-

viT, enis gansxvavebuli Tu igive tipi gamoiyeneT. ra gansxvavebebi aRiniSna enaSi

sxvadasxva adgilebTan mimarTebaSi?

· CamowereT sul mcire xuTi rolis dasaxeleba, romelTa gansaxiere-

bac dagWirdaT enis gamoyenebisas dRes (an guSin) (magaliTad, maswavlebeli,

klienti, kolega da a.S). sxvadasxva feriT aRniSneT CamoTvlili rolebis das-

axelebebi imisda mixedviT, enis gansxvavebuli Tu igive tipi gamoiyeneT. ra

gansxvavebebs hqonda adgili Tqvens mier gamoyenebul enaSi sxvadasxva rolebis

mixedviT?

79

ris Sesaxeb? (sakomunikacio Temebi) ris gasakeTeblad? ratom?

(davalebebi da miznebi)

komunikaciis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqti aris is, ris garSemoc

igeba TviT komunikacia. amiTac SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos cvlilebebi Cvens

mier gamoyenebad enis tipSi. bunebrivia, yvela Cvengans gaaCnia mizezi komuni-

kaciis dasamyareblad; mogviwevs ama Tu im tipis davalebis Sesruleba. enis

tipic damokidebuli iqneba davalebaze. Tu kolegas vTxovT samsaxurSi Segve-

nacvlos paraskevs, am SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebuli enis tipi SesamCnevad gansxvave-

buli iqneba im tipisagan, romelsac maSin gamoviyenebdiT, kolega sasmelze rom

migvewvia samsaxuris Semdeg.

davaleba 1 b: cvlilebebi enaSi imisda mixedviT Tu ris garSemo agebT

komunikacias (Temebi) da ras akeTebT (davalebebi)

· CamowereT sul mcire aTi Temis dasaxeleba, romelTa irgvlivac aageT

komunikacia dRes (an guSin). yoveli maTgani sxvadasxva feriT aRniSneT imisda

mixedviT, Tqven mier gamoyenebuli enis tipi gansxvavebuli iyo Tu igive. ra

gansxvavebebs hqonda adgili Tqvens mier gamoyenebul enaSi, TemaTa kategoriebis

mixedviT?

CamowereT aTi davaleba, romelTa Sesasrulebladac ena gamoiyeneT dRes

(an guSin). yoveli maTgani sxvadasxva feriT aRniSneT imisda mixedviT, Tqvens

mier gamoyenebuli enis tipi gansxvavdeboda Tu igive iyo. ra gansxvavebebs

hqonda adgili Tqvens mier gamoyenebul enaSi, davalebaTa kategoriebis mixed-

viT?

davaleba 1 g: enobrivi cvlilebebi kompleqsur konteqstebSi

axla moaTavseT Tqvens mier Sedgenili siebi erTmaneTis gverdiT, Ti-

Toeuli siidan SearCieT calkeuli punqtebi da mimarTeT maT imgvar kombinire-

bas, rom SeqmnaT komunikaciis mTliani kompleqsuri konteqsti.

ra saxis cvlilebebs hqonda adgili enaSi (magaliTad, cvlilebebi leqsi-

kaSi, gramatikaSi, sintaqsSi, gamoTqmaSi, intonaciaSi da a.S)?

iyo Tu ara iseTi konteqstebi, romlebSic cvlileba ramdenime punqtma ga-

napiroba?

ra saxis monawileoba Cveni mxridan?

Cven, rogorc maswavleblebi, xSirad vyofT enas oTxi unaris mixedviT:

ori produqtiuli (metyveleba da wera) da ori recefciuli (mosmena da kiTxva).

Tumca, kompetenciebi gvTavazobs dayofis alternatiul variants, adamianebis

komunikaciaSi monawileobis mixedviT.

interaqcia: dRis manZilze enis gamoyeneba, ZiriTadad, xdeba erTi-erTze

komunikaciisas, romelSic monawileobs sul mcire ori adamiani. isini monacv-

leobiT monawileoben enobrivi producirebisa da recefciis procesebSi.

producireba: Cven vsaubrobT (vwerT an mivaniSnebT) uwyvetad drois

garkveul monakveTSi.

· recefcia Cven vusmenT saubars, vucqerT vinmes miniSnebas an

vkiTxulobT vinmes nawers.

· mediacia: zogjer enas viyenebT ise, rom komunikaciaSi uSualod

vmonawileobT; am dros SeiZleba Setyobinebebs gadavcemdeT or

adamians, romlebic uSualod erTmaneTs ver ukavSirdebian.

80

magaliTad, abazanaSi myof Svils SeiZleba gadavceT

Setyobineba im adamianisagan, romelmac telefoniT dareka.

oTxive SemTxvevaSi Cven sxvadasxvanairad varT Cabmuli komunikaciaSi, rac

zegavlenas axdens Cvens mier gamoyenebul enis tipzec.

ra saSualebiT?

Cven mier aqamde moyvanili magaliTebi mxolod saubarsa da mosmenas exe-

boda. sakomunikacio saSualeba metyveleba iyo. Tumca, ra Tqma unda, arsebobs

sxva saSualebebic _ werilobiTi (furcelze, kompiuterSi, an teleekranebze,

a.S), miniSnebiTi (niSnebis ena), SexebiTi (braili), Cvens mier SerCeuli saSualeba

aucileblad moaxdens zegavlenas enis tipze, romelsac viyenebT.

davaleba 1 d: cvlilebebi enaSi imisda mixedviT Tu , rogor vamyarebT ko-

munikacias

komunikaciis TiToeul kompleqsur konteqsts, romlebic aRwerilia da-

valebaSi 1 g, daumateT axali elementebi (a), sakuTari monawileobis tipi (b) da

Tqvens mier gamoyenebuli saSualeba. axla maTgan SearCieT erTi an ori jgufi

da warmoidgineT is enobrivi cvlilebebi, romelTac eqneboda adgili:

(i) Tqven rom SegecvalaT sakuTari monawileobis saxe sakomunikacio

aqtivobaSi (magaliTad, interaqciidan mediaciaze gadasvla;)

(ii) komunikaciis saSualeba gansxvavebuli rom yofiliyo;

(iii) komunikaciaSi monawile ori adamianidan erT-erTi brma an sme-

nadaqveiTebuli rom yofiliyo;

sakuTar enaze komunikaciis aspeqtebis Sejameba

Cven ukve ganvixileT komunikaciis Svidi gansxvavebuli aspeqti: Cveni da

Cveni partniorebis roli, adgili, Tema, davaleba, Cveni monawileobis saxe da

saSualeba. SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom yovelTvis erTsa da imave enas viyenebT, ma-

gram yovelma aspeqtma SeiZleba ramdenadme Sescvalos igi.

1. 2. komunikaciis aspeqtebi; axali ena

saerTod, rogorc axal, ise sakuTar enaze komunikaciisas, vexebiT met-

naklebad msgavs problemebs da sakiTxebTan. erTaderTi gansxvaveba is aris, rom

axali enis gamoyenebisas adamiani ufro metad acnobierebs calkeul problemebs.

axali enis gamoyeneba unda SegveZlos imave adgilebSi, imave rolebis Sesas-

ruleblad, imave kategoriis xalxTan urTierTobaSi, imave davalebebis Sesas-

ruleblad da a. S. Tumca, arsebobs ramdenime mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba. mom-

devno etapze Tavi unda warmovidginoT saklaso oTaxSi, axali enis Semswav-

lelis rolSi.

Semswavlelis roli

axal enaze komunikaciisas, enis Semswavlelis roli unda davurToT Cvens

mier ukve Sedgenil sias. es axali roli moiTxovs zogierTi iseTi davalebis

Sesrulebas, rac mSobliur enaze ar gvWirdeba _ vinmesTvis miniSneba, rom ar

gvesmis, maTTvis ufro nela da garkveviT saubris an naTqvamis gameorebis

Txovna, sityvis mniSvnelobis ganmartebis Txovna, SekiTxva, Tu rogor unda

vTqvaT konkretuli rame axal enaze, a. S.

saklaso oTaxi, rogorc sakomunikacio garemo

81

axali enis gamoyenebaze zegavlenas moaxdens erTi fizikuri garemo: sak-

laso oTaxi. am konteqstSi komunikacia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes axal an

mSobliur enaze, an orive maTganze. Sesasrulebeli davalebebic ramdenadme

Seicvleba. isini SeiZleba moicavdes realur komunikacias (iseTs, rogorSic

vmonawileobT mSobliur enaze). an ubralod repeticiebs samomavlod komuni-

kaciisaTvis. isic dasaSvebia, rom maT urTierToba ar hqondes realur komuni-

kaciasTan. ufro metic, davalebebSi SeiZleba aqcenti keTdebodes enis Seswav-

laze da ara komunikaciaze, an oriveze erTdroulad.

axali ena, rogorc sakomunikacio Tema

kidev erTi axali elementi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mSobliuri enisagan

gansxvavebiT, ufro meti aqcenti gakeTdeba TviT enis formebze. es formebi

SeiZleba xSirad komunikaciis Temad iqces. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba dagvWirdes

imis swavla, Tu rogor visaubroT enaze axleburad.

samuSao furceli 1a komunikaciis Svidive aspeqts Semswavlelebze gaTv-

lil cxrilSi aerTianebs. Semswavlelebs moeTxovebaT identificireba yvela im

enobrivi cvlilebisa, romelsac ganapirobebs aspeqtis cvlileba. samuSao fur-

celi 1g exeba saklaso oTaxs, rogorc konteqsts da gansakuTrebiT, im davale-

bebsa da Temebs, romlebsac aq vxvdebiT. Tqven SegiZliaT daexmaroT enis

Semswavlelebs, maT mier samuSao furclebze gacemuli pasuxebis mixedviT, sa-

kuTari Tavis, rogorc enis Semswavlelebis profilis SeqmnaSi. es iqneba

mzadeba ELP-is versiis gamoyenebisaTvis, rac ganxilulia me-2 TavSi.

kiTxvebi, romlebic moiTxovs dafiqrebas

gamomdinare iqidan, rom zemoxsenebulma cvlilebebma SeiZleba ganapi-

robos cvlilebebi gamoyenebad enaSi, Tqven SeiZleba moisurvoT aRniSnuli sa-

kiTxebis ganxilva kompetenciebis gadmosaxedidan da SeamowmoT Tqveni samuSao

sqema / silabusi, ramdenad mkafiod ayalibebs:

_ sakomunikacio davalebebs pirovnul, sajaro, profesiul da / an sagan-

manaTleblo sferoebSi, romlebTan gamklavebac mouwevT Semswavlelebs da

agreTve, miznebs, rac arCevans ganapirobebs;

_ aqtivobebs, romlebSic monawileobas miiReben Semswavlelebi konkretu-

li miznebis misaRwevad _ agreTve Temebs, qveTemebs da specifikur cnebebs,

romlebic Semswavlelebs samoqmedod dasWirdebaT;

_ Tu ra werilobiTi davalebebisaTvis gegmavT maT momzadebas;

_ Tu ra saxis kiTxvisa da mosmenisaTvis gegmavT maT momzadebas;

_ Tu ra saxis interaqciebi moeTxovebaT Tqvens Semswavlelebs;

_ Tu ra saxis mediaciur aqtivobebSi mouwevT Tqvens Semswavlelebs

monawileoba.

1. 3. strategiebi

me_4 Tavis yoveli nawilis bolos, romelic exeba enobriv aqtivobebs,

ganixileba is strategiebi, romelTac xalxi mimarTavs enis gamoyenebasTan da-

kavSirebuli problemebis dasaZlevad. `sakomunikacio strategiebis gamoyeneba

SeiZleba miCneul iqnes metakognituri principebis gamoyenebad: sxvadasxva saxis

sakomunikacio aqtivobis: recefciis, interaqciis, producirebisa da mediaciis

winaswari dagegmva, Sesruleba, monitoringi da Sesworeba~ (kompetenciebi, 4.4)

strategiebi sxvadasxva tipis sakomunikacio aqtivobebisaTvis aq Tavmoy-

rilia maTi xelmisawvdomobis gaadvilebis mizniT.

enis producirebaSi (interaqciis CaTvliT) gamoyenebadi strategiebi

82

bunebrivia, zogadi strategiebis detalebi Seicvleba imisda mixedviT, Tu ra

saxiT vmonawileobT komunikaciaSi; erTi-erTze interaqciaSi am strategiebs

sxvadasxvagvari gamoyeneba eqneba.

magaliTad, Tu kolegas cudi ambavi unda vacnoboT (davuSvaT is, rom man

warmatebiT ver gaiara gasaubreba), saWiroa saTqmelis winaswar organizeba. es

dagegmvis fazaa. warmoidgineT, rom axla kolegasTan vimyofebiT saxlSi da

faqtiurad, vasrulebT davalebas; es Sesrulebis fazaa. saubris procesSi

yuradRebiT davakvirdebiT Cvens naTqvamze reagirebas da mis adekvaturobas; ase

rom, Cven vaxorcielebT monitorings. Secdomis SemTxvevaSi, vecdebiT mis gamos-

worebas.

axla davuSvaT, rom cudi ambis cnobebas telefoniT vcdilobT. am

SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba igive gegma gvqondes, rac pirispir Sexvedrisas. magram,

rogor moviqceT, Tu avtomopasuxe iqneba CarTuli? mogviwevs yvelafris Tavidan

dawyeba, radgan saWiro iqneba gawelili sityvis sxvagvarad dagegmva, rom

reaqciebis monitoringi SevZloT. Tu mivmarTavT werilobiT saSualebas (ma-

galiTad, faqsi) dagegmva, Sesruleba, monitoringi da Sesworeba winaswar unda

moxdes.

enis recefciaSi gamoyenebadi strategiebi

recefciul komunikaciaSic SegviZlia dagegmvis, Sesrulebis, monitoring-

isa da Sesworebis zogadi strategiebis gamoyeneba, magram am procesSi Car-

Tulia sxvadasxva unarebi: SemuSaveba, daskvna, hipoTezis Semowmeba, hipoTezis

gadakeTeba. yovelive es TvalsaCinodaa ilustrirebuli kompetenciebis punqtSi

4.4.2.4. zogierTi samuSao furceli, kerZod 1b da 1g moicavs danayofebs, romle-

bic exeba strategiebs.

kiTxvebi, romlebic moiTxovs dafiqrebas

Tqveni samuSao sqema mkafiod ayalibebs:

Tu romeli strategiebi miesadageba mocemul Semswavlelebs mocemul

doneze?

rogor sjobs maTi wardgena maswavleblebisaTvis?

ra saxiT unda figurirebdes isini SefasebaSi?

nawili 2 _ unarebi da kompetenciebi

(kompetenciebi 4.5, 4.7-is nawilebi)

2. 1. unarebi, romlebic gvaqvs mSobliur enaSi

kompetenciebis punqti 4.5 gvawvdis yvela im procesis CamonaTvals, romle-

bic komunikaciaSi monawileobs. nakleb savaraudoa, vacnobierebdeT, Tu raoden

CaxlarTulia komunikaciis procesi, ramdenad mravalferovania misi etapebi da

ras moicavs TiToeuli maTgani. magaliTad, enis producirebisas unda davgegmoT

is, ris Tqma, dawera an miniSnebac gvinda; muSaobaSi unda moviyvanoT saTanado

kunTebi saTqmelis gamosaxatavad (isini gansxvavdeba saSualebebis mixedviT);

unda SevamowmoT, yvelaferi gegmis mixedviT midis Tu ara; saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi unda davumatoT fizikuri moqmedebebi, sxeulis ena, intonacia, a. S.

unda gamoviyenoT ilustraciebi, suraTebi, diagramebi, werilobiTi an nabeWdi

masala, an specialuri niSnebi. kiTxvac moicavs procesebis kompleqsur nakrebs.

83

sinamdvileSi, kiTxva gulisxmobs, nabeWdi gverdidan miRebuli informaciis Se-

darebas im informaciasTan, romelsac mexsierebaSi vinaxavT. es informacia

sxvadasxva saxisaa: asoTa jgufebis sityvebad amocnobis da maTi mniSvnelobis

Semowmebis unari (leqsikuri codna), sityvaTa iseT jgufebad kombinirebis

unari, rom azri ikiTxebodes (codna samyaros Sesaxeb), sityvaTa gaerTianebis

principebis dadgena (gramatikuli codna), jgufebis (winadadebebis) ufro

msxvil erTeulebad kombinireba ise, rom azri ikiTxebodes (codna samyaros da

imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor mimdinareobs movlenebi), a. S. Cveulebriv, Semomaval in-

formacias sityvebsa da elementarul winadadebebze imdenad swrafad vadarebT

Cvens mexsierebaSi dacul informacias, rom am process verc ki vamCnevT; igi

TiTqmis avtomaturia.

zogadi da specifikuri codnis sxvadasxva saxeebi (kompetenciebis punqti 5.1)

es procesebi moicavs sxvadasxva kompetenciebis an codnis saxeebis gamo-

yenebas. kompetenciebi moixsenebs savoir-is oTx gansxvavebul tips. aq mxolod

oriodeze SevaCerebT yuradRebas.

yoveli Cvengani flobs sxvadasxva saxis codnas, romelic TamaSSi erTveba

komunikaciis dros. upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia, codna samyaros Sesaxeb,

rac gvexmareba TvaliT nanaxisa da yuriT gagonilis interpretirebaSi. zogadi

codna gagvaCnia imis Sesaxebac, Tu rogoria sakomunikacio aqtebis struqtura.

gvaqvs, aseve specifikuri saxis codna, dakavSirebuli im sazogadoebasTan, ro-

melSic vcxovrobT _ rogor cxovrobs xalxi, rogoria maTi urTierToba, ra

Rirebulebebi gagvaCnia da a. S. pirveli ori saxis codna gamosadegia maSinac,

roca vexebiT axal enasa da kulturas. gvaqvs imis codnac, Tu rogor

movaxdinoT enis organizeba ise, rom Seesabamebodes Cvens survils.

Cveni codna samyarosa da imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoria sakomunikacio

aqtebis struqtura

gavafarToveT ra sakuTari gamocdileba samyarosTan mimarTebaSi,

SevqmeniT sakuTari scenarebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoraa es samyaro mowyobili,

savaraudod ras unda velodeT ama Tu im situaciaSi da rogori iqneba movle-

naTa Tanamimdevroba. am scenarebs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni arsebo-

bisaTvis; ubralod dafiqrdiT, quCis gadakveTisas, raoden mniSvnelovania Cveni

unari, gamovicnoT transportis moZraobis siCqare da mimarTuleba. prognozebis

unari gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania komunikaciaSi. Cven SegviZlia dasawyisis

mosmenis Semdeg, wamis mexuTedSi gamovicnoT sityvebi. aseve, SegviZlia prog-

nozireba imisa, rac unda iTqvas, an daiweros, mosmenis an kiTxvis dawyebamdec,

radgan, savaraudod, vicnobT Sinaarsis 80%-s. faqtiurad, kiTxviT an mosmeniT

miRebuli informaciis didi nawili momdinareobs ara sityvebidan an bgeriTi

talRebidan, aramed Cvens mexsierebaSi daculi scenarebidan, aqtivaciac xdeba

aRniSnuli simboloebiT.

vflobT kidev erTi mniSvnelovani saxis codnas, rac calkeuli sakomuni-

kacio aqtebis struqturas exeba. magaliTad, SegviZlia prognozi gavukeToT

sainformacio gamoSvebis an gazeTebSi amindis prognozis ganTavsebis struqtu-

ras, agreTve, imas, Tu rogoraa moTxrobili zRaprebi an rogoraa Cawerili in-

terviu.

Cveni codna sazogadoebaSi enis saTanadod gamoyenebis Sesaxeb

(kompetenciebi 5.2.2.)

pirvel ganyofilebaSi SeviswavleT sxvadasxva situaciebi, romlebSic

enas viyenebT da davaskveniT, Tu rogor SeiZleba Seicvalos ena imisda mixed-

viT, Tu sad varT, visTan gvaqvs komunikacia da rogoria Cveni roli am ada-

84

mianebTan mimarTebaSi. enis saTanadod Secvlis unars sociolingvisturi kompe-

tencia ewodeba. es kompetencia damokidebulia Cvens specifikur codnaze saku-

Tari sazogadoebisa da kulturis Sesaxeb _ rogor iqceva xalxi, rogor axdens

socializacias, rogor muSaobs da erToba _ da codnaze sakuTari Tavis,

midgomebis, Rirebulebebis, mosazrebebis, motivaciisa da axal situaciebTan Se-

guebis Sesaxeb. es codna, metwilad gaucnobierebelia; Seumowmeblad miRebuli.

mas mxolod maSin vamCnevT, roca Cndeba mizezi misi kiTxvis niSnis qveS dayene-

bisa. sakuTari enis im socialur garemoze morgebis unari, romelSic aR-

movCndiT, niSnavs, rom viciT ramdenime mSobliuri ena. ra Tqma unda, am codnisa

da unaris moculoba cvalebadobs konkretuli adamianebis mixedviT, magram maT

yvela flobs garkveul doneze.

davaleba 2a: sazogadoebis Sesaxeb sakuTari specifikuri codnis gad

axedva

-

SeadgineT sia sakuTari qveynis mixedviT:

_saidentifikacio saSualebebi, romelTac Tan atarebT (aseTis arsebobis

SemTxvevaSi);

_ Tqvens qveyanaSi arsebuli rasobrivi da religiuri jgufebi;

_ romel saaTzea sauzme, sadili da vaxSami;

_ rogor saCuqars miarmevT, roca sadilze gepatiJebian.

es yvelaferi SeiZleba Zalze Cveulebrivad da banalurad mogeCvenoT, ma-

gram, roca xedavT, Tu ra problemebs awydebian ucxoelebi am mxriv, acno-

bierebT maT mniSvnelobas. igive SeiZleba gakeTdes geografiul, istoriul da

politikur informaciasTan dakavSirebiT.

Cveni organizebis unari enis mxriv (pragmatuli kompetenciebi)

(kompetenciebi 5.2.3)

pragmatuli kompetencia gulisxmobs Cvens unars, enidan amovkriboT da

Tavi movuyaroT iseT elementebs, rac saSualebas mogcems vakeToT is, rac

gvinda. magaliTad, roca gvinda sakuTari bankis menejers sesxi vTxovoT iseTi

proeqtisaTvis, romelic garkveul eWvs badebs, bunebrivia am saTqmels ise ver

avagebT, TiTqos kolegas wigns vTxovdeT. Cven Zalze frTxilad movekidebiT

saTqmelisa da uxerxuli elementebis organizebas. sociolingvisturi kompeten-

ciis msgavsad, pragmatuli kompetenciis moculobac gansxvavdeba calkeuli ada-

mianebis mixedviT. amitomac, Tu proeqtSi ramdenime adamiani monawileobs, axsna-

ganmartebis rTuli davalebis Sesasruleblad, Cveulebriv, irCeven iseTs, rom-

lis pragmatuli kompetenciac saukeTesoa.

2. 2. unarebi da kompetenciebi axal enaSi

Cvens xelT arsebuli sxvadasxva saxis codnis gamoyeneba axal enaze

Tu gadavxedavT imas, rac iTqva kiTxvis unarze am èrTeulis~ dasawyisSi,

SevamCnevT, rom igi moicavs orgvar informacias: informacias, romelsac vRebu-

lobT nabeWdi gverdidan da informacias, romelsac mexsierebaSi vinaxavT.

mSobliur enaze kiTxvis unaridan gamomdinare, Cven viciT, rom saWiroa am ori

saxis informaciis Sedareba teqstis mniSvnelobis gasagebad. axal enaSi aseTi

informacia SeiZleba arasruli iyos; SesaZloa ar gvqondes asoTa jgufebis

sityvebad amocnobis unari; SeiZleba ver vaxerxebdeT maTi mniSvnelobis gagebas

leqsikuri maragis simciris gamo da aseve, SesaZlebelia ar gamogvdiodes sity-

vebis jgufebad kombinireba, azris CamoyalibebisaTvis gramatikuli codnis sim-

wiris gamo. Tumca, Tuki viciT ras exeba teqsti, SeiZleba movaxerxoT ucxo

sityvebis mniSvnelobis gamocnoba da Sesabamisad, sityvebis (winadadebis)

jgufebis ufro msxvil erTeulebad kombinireba da maTgan azris gamotana

85

(codna samyarosa da imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor mimdinareobs movlenebi), a. S. maSi-

nac ki, roca zustad ar viciT, ris Sesaxebaa teqsti, sityvaTa mniSvnelobis

codna SeiZleba sakmaris iyos amis gasagebad garkveul donemde.

zemoxsenebuli migviTiTebs, rom Cvens xelT arsebuli codnis didi

nawili eqvemdebareba axal enaze gadatanas. es, gansakuTrebiT exeba codnis

pirvel or saxes: codnas samyarosa da teqstebis sturqturuli agebulebis Ses-

axeb, rac erTgvari xaraCos funqcias asrulebs mniSvnelobis gagebasa da enis

Seswavlis procesSi.

davaleba 2 b: sxvadasxva saxis codnis gamoyeneba CvenTvis ucnob enaze (ix.

samuSao furceli 2A saTanado davalebisaTvis)

TqvenTvis ucnob enaze moiZieT iseTi mokle teqsti, romelic exeba

TqvenTvis nacnob Temas. es SeiZleba iyos sagazeTo statia an teqsti interneti-

dan sayovelTaod cnobili movlenis an adamianis Sesaxeb, aseve zRapari, re-

ligiuri Sinaarsis teqsti an TviT locva.

· xazi gausviT nebismier sityvas (adamianebisa da adgilebis saxelebis

CaTvliT) romlis mniSvnelobac gesmiT;

· gonebrivad aageT sqema teqstis savaraudo Sinaarsis Sesaxeb.

· TqvenTvis nacnobi sityvebisa da aRniSnuli sqemis mixedviT, See-

cadeT gamoicnoT teqstSi arsebuli nebismieri sxva sityvis mniSvneloba.

· daakvirdiT, ra saxiTaa mocemuli sityvebi kombinirebuli, xom ar

amCnevT raime nimuSs? SegiZliaT CamoayaliboT wesebi?

Tqven studentebsac igive saxis codna eqnebaT xelT, aseTi codnis gamo-

yeneba moiTxovs saTanado strategiebis arsebobas. studentebs SeiZleba

dasWirdeT momzadeba aRniSnuli strategiebis SemuSavebis kuTxiT.

problemuri aspeqti: sazogadoebaSi enis saTanadod gamoyeneba

codna axali sazogadoebisa da kulturis Sesaxeb calke sakiTxia. aseTi

codnis misaRebad saWiroa swavla. kompetenciebis 5.1.1.2 punqtSi naTqvamia ìm sa-

zogadoebisa da kulturis codna, sadac mocemul enaze metyveleben, saWiroebs

am enis Semswavlelis mxridan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas, radgan codnis mra-

vali sxva aspeqtisagan gansxvavebiT, igi SeiZleba ucxo iyos Semswavlelis ga-

mocdilebisaTvis da stereotipebiT ramdenadme damaxinjebulic.~ amave codnis

nawilia sazogadoebaSi enis saTanadod gamoyenebac. igi saWiroa: socialuri

urTierTobebis markirebisaTvis (misalmebis swori formis SerCeva imisda mixed-

viT, Tu visTan gvaqvs urTierToba da sad vimyofebiT). Tavazianobis saCveneblad,

midgomis sxvadasxvaobis aRsaniSnavad, aqcentis sxvadasxvagvarobisa da misi

mniSvnelobis miuxedavad. erT-erTi ZiriTadi aspeqti, rac moiTxovs Cvengan gan-

sakuTrebuli yuradRebis miqcevas axal enaSi, aris sociolingvisturi kompeten-

cia. Zalze advilia sazogadoebaSi ucxo enis arasaTanadod gamoyeneba, Tuki sa-

kuTar qmedebasa da naTqvams socialur mniSvnelobas gamovacliT. Sesabamisad,

advilia gaugebrobisa da uTanxmoebis gamowvevac. ena gacilebiT ufro meti

ramaa, vidre ubralod sakomunikacio saSualeba; is erT-erTi umTavresi gzaa sa-

kuTari identurobis saCveneblad. is faqti, rom sxvadasxva qveynebSi mcxovrebi

adamianebi, enas iyeneben msgavs situaciebSi msgavsi qmedebisaTvis, ar niSnavs

imas, rom isini yvelafers erTnairad akeTeben. TiToeuli kultura Taviseburad

udgeba enas da Cven, Semswavlelebs, mogveTxoveba sxvaTa naTqvamis faruli

mniSvnelobis gageba da amasTan, imis dadgenac, Tu rogor iqneba Cveni naTqvami

an qmedeba interpretirebuli.

86

davaleba 2g; Tqveni sociolingvisturi kompetencia im enaSi, romelsac

aswavliT (ix. samuSao furceli 2b saTanado davalebisaTvis)

SeadgineT iseTi dialogi, romelic SesaZloa dagWirdeT bankTan an samSe-

neblo sazogadoebasTan urTierTobisas, binisaTvis sesxis gamosatanad, roca

xelT gaqvT Rirebulebis mxolod 30%. Semdeg upasuxeT mocemul kiTxvebs:

_ xom ar waawydiT problemebs enis saTanadod gamoyenebis mxriv (magali-

Tad, menejerTan misalmebisas, sasaubro Temaze gadasvlisas da a.S)

_ sesxTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis garkveva telefoniT rom dagWi-

rvebodaT, gecodinebodaT, rogor dagewyoT, an dagesrulebinaT saubari?

_ faqsis an eleqtronuli Setyobinebis gagzavna rom yofiliyo saWiro,

gecodinebodaT, rogor dagewyoT an dagesrulebinaT igi?

kiTxvebi, romlebic moiTxovs dafiqrebas:

ramdenad SeuZliaT Semswavlelebs sociolingvisturi da pragmatuli kom-

petenciebis SeZena an bunebrivad ganviTareba? ramdenad SesaZlebelia socio-

lingvisturi da pragmatuli kompetenciebis mopoveba an bunebrivad ganviTareba

strategiebis gamoyenebaSi?

ra meTodebs mimarTavT maTi ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaTvis?

nawili 3 _ enis gamoyenebis codna (kompetenciebi 5.2.1)

es ganyofileba exeba enis codnis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs, dawyebuli saku-

Tari eniTa da imis ganxilviT, Tu ramdenad SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli codnis

gadatana im enaze, romelsac vswavlobT.

3. 1. TviT enis codna (enobrivi kompetencia)

enis codna moicavs: sityvebs, sityvaTa cvlilebebs, sityvebis sworad

gaerTianebas, sityvebisa da winadadebebis mniSvnelobis codnas, am enis bgerebis

gamoTqmisa da gamocnobis codnas. yoveli maTgani cal-calkea ganxiluli kom-

petenciebis punqtSi 5.2. Tu originals vkiTxulobT, aRniSnuli punqtis gageba

SeiZleba gagviZneldes, radgan masSi mravali teqnikuri terminia. Tumca, si-

namdvileSi, isini arc ise teqnikuria. adamianebi, romlebic enis Taviseburebas

swavloben, davoben mravali aseTi terminis zusti mniSvnelobisa da enis bevri

aspeqtis gamo, rac bevrad ufro teqnikuria, vidre erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba mog-

veCvenos. am etapze Sejamebis nacvlad, èrTeulSi~ grZeldeba ganxilva ga-

moTqmis, weris unaris, leqsikuri maragisa da gramatikis kuTxiT.7

3. 2. bgerebis codna (fonologiuri kompetencia: kompetenciebi 5.2.1.4)

enis SemswavlelisaTvis garkveul asaks zemoT, erT-erT yvelaze did sir-

Tules warmoadgens bgerebis, riTmisa da intonaciis sworad gageba. imdenad

SeCveulni varT am yvelafers sakuTar enze, rom verc ki vacnobierebT, ramdenad

CaxlarTulia kompetenciis es tipi. inglisurad molaparake ucxoelebi sir-

Tules awydebian th-bgerebTan, xmovnebis da difTongebis da maxvilis gamoyene-

basTan mimarTebaSi (sad daismis maxvili mocemul sityvebSi: telephone, telephonist, telephonic?) agreTve, uZneldebaT mniSvnelobaSi intonaciiT Setanili cvlilebe-

bis gageba (He CAN ' T be serious, niSnavs ìs albaT xumrobs; SeuZlebelia amas se-

riozulad ambobdes~. normaluri intonaciis SemTxvevaSi fraza aseTia: `He can't be serious, rac niSnavs `mas ar SeuZlia iyos seriozuli~). Zalian xSirad bgerebis,

87

riTmisa da intonaciis kuTxiT arsebuli problemebi ganapirobebs sxvanairad

gagebas. magaliTad, aviRoT sityva development (`ganviTareba~). arasworad dasmuli

maxvilis gamo, adamians romlisTvisac es sityva mSobliuria, SeiZleba gau-

Wirdes misi gageba da aman SesaZloa gamoiwvios komunikaciis rRveva, maSin roca

v-s gamoTqma w-d, magram maxsvilis sworad gamoyeneba, gagebis problemas ar

Seqmnis.

3. 3. werilobiTi simboloebis codna (orTografiuli da

orToepiuli kompetencia; kompetenciebi 5.2.1.5,6)

mSobliur enaze wera-kiTxva xdeba iseTi unarebis gamoyenebiT, romelTac

Cven ver vacnobierebT. upirveles yovlisa, mimdinareobs simboloTa nakrebis

ubralod gaSifvra, anu simboloebis Seqmna. Cveulebriv, arc ki vfiqrobT am

unarebze, sanam sirTules ar wavawydebiT maTTan mimarTebaSi, magaliTad, imitom,

rom simboloebi gaTxapnilia da mkafiod ar Cans, an vitkineT xeli, romliTac

vwerT. samuSao furcelze 2C mocemulia aqtivoba fonetikuri CanaweriT, rac

odnav gagvarkvevs im unarebSi, romlebsac gaucnobiereblad viyenebT sakuTar

enaze wera-kiTxvisas. es aqtivoba gaTvlilia enis Semswavlelebze, magram

SeiZleba gamosadegi iyos maswavleblebisaTvisac, gansakuTrebiT, im SemTxvevaSi,

Tu isini maincdamainc ar icnoben fonetikur Canawers.

3. 4. sityvebis codna (leqsikuri kompetencia: kompetenciebi 5.2.1.1)

naSromSi `sityvebi gonebaSi~ (Words in the Mind, Basil Blackwell-is gamocema, Ox-ford, 1987) jin aitCisoni saubrobs sityvaTa im raodenobaze, romelic adamianma

icis mSobliur enaze da am sityvebis cnobis siCqareze.

mSobliur enaze arsebuli leqsikuri maragis moculobis gamoTvla xdeba

realuri donis proporciulad. savaraudod, ganaTlebuli zrdasruli adamianis

sityvaTa maragi meryeobs 50,000-dan 250,000-mde, es didi ricxvebi imis maCvenebe-

lia, rom mentaluri leqsikonis safuZveli sistematuria.

meore mizezi, rac ganapirobebs sityvaTa organizebas gonebaSi, aris maTi

ganTavsebis maRali siCqare. amas cxadyofs, upirveles yovlisa, Cveulebrivi

metyvelebis siCqare, romlisTvisac wamSi eqvsi marcvlis gamoyeneba, sami an meti

sityvis ageba, saSualo standartia. am maCvenebels adasturebs eqsperimenti,

gviCvenebs ra, rom adamians SeuZlia mSobliur enaze naTqvami sityva icnos 200

wamis meaTasedSi an misi gamoTqmis dawyebidan ufro nakleb droSi, rac daax-

loebiT wamis mexuTeds Seadgens. umetes SemTxvevaSi es xdeba sityvis mTlianad

gagonebamde.

sityvebis dajgufeba

Tu mSobliur enaze naTqvami sityvis cnobas wamis mexuTeds vandomebT,

sityvebis dasajgufeblad Zalze efeqturi sistemaa saWiro. sityvebis dajgufeba

xdeba ornairad _ mniSvnelobisa da bgeris mixedviT. Cveulebriv, Tavmoyra xdeba

mniSvnelobis jgufebSi (maT semantikuri sferoebi ewodeba). es jgufebi xSirad

gadabmulia da erTi da igive sityva SeiZleba maTgan ramdenimes ekuTvnodes.

erTi sistemis nacvlad gvaqvs sistemaTa qseli an bade. aqedan gamomdinare,

sityva `Rvino~ Segvxvdeba `sasmelebis~, `sasoflo-sameurneo nawarmis~ da `fere-

bis~ jgufebSi da dakavSirebuli iqneba sxva iseT jgufebTanac, rogoricaa

`wveulebebi~, `restornebi~ a. S. sityvebis dajgufeba xdeba aramarto mniSvnelo-

bis, aramed bgeris mixedviTac. magaliTad, sityvebis swrafad gaxseneba SesaZle-

belia maTi sawyisi asos / asoebis an riTmis nimuSis mixedviT. dajgufebis es

ori saSualeba urTierTdamokidebulia.

88

Ddavaleba 3 a: imis gadaxedva, Tu rogor jgufdeba sityvebi mexsierebaSi

(es davaleba meordeba 3-a samuSao furclis saxiT)

daakvirdiT, rogor ajgufebT sityvebs mSobliur enaze.

60 wamis farglebSi qvemoT mocemuli yoveli rigis mixedviT, daiTvaleT

asocirebuli sityvebis raodenoba:

_ mniSvnelobiT ekuTvnis jgufs `saWmeli~;

_ Tqven gonebaSi asocirdeba `skamTan~ (an chaise frangulad)

_ iwyeba bgeriT pl... _ riTmis / maxvilis mixedviT asocirdeba `velosipedTan~ ( an télévision

frangulad)

mogafiqrdaT Tu ara iseTi sityvebi, romlebic ramdenime rigs miesadageba?

3. 5. mniSvnelobis codna

(semantikuri kompetencia: kompetenciebi 5.2.1.3)

unda aRiniSnos, rom sityvebis mniSvnelobis codna advili ar aris. sity-

vebs enis saSen blokebs uwodeben, radgan isini aerTianebs formasa da

mniSvnelobas; sityvebi formas aniWebs Cvens irgvliv samyaroSi arsebul

aspeqtebs. sityvis forma maincdamainc cvalebadi ar aris. mniSvnelobis

SemTxvevaSi saqme sxvagvaradaa; is dacocavs da Znelia misi gaCereba, icvleba,

gadadis sxva mniSvnelobaSi. ase, rom erT formas SeiZleba ramdenime

mniSvneloba hqondes. magaliTad, aviRoT inglisuri sityva cup. SegviZlia da-

vasaxeloT misi zusti mniSvneloba? is SeiZleba aRniSnavdes finjansac da Tas-

sac, romlis mosapovebladac asparezoben. pirvel SemTxvevaSi es sityva Tavisi

mniSvnelobiT ufro kaTxasTan an jamTan asocirdeba, meore SemTxvevaSi _ lar-

nakTan.

rogorc zemoT vixileT, sityvebis dajgufeba Cvens mexsierebaSi xdeba

mniSvnelobis mixedviT. es saSualebas gvaZlevs Tavi gavarTvaT sityvis cvale-

bad mniSvnelobebs. aseve, SegviZlia sapirispiro mniSvnelobis sityvebis da-

kavSireba (antonimebi) an ori iseTi sityvis dakavSireba, romelTagan pirveli

moicavs meores mniSvnelobas (hiponimebi, magaliTad, cxoveli da kata).

ramdenad kargad viciT sityvebi

upirveles yovlisa, unda vkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs, rogor moxvda sityvebi

Cvens mexsierebaSi. maTi dajgufeba mexsierebaSi moiTxovs maT codnas. magram ra

igulisxmeba sityvis codnaSi? amis arc codna da arc arcodna advili ar aris;

sityvebis codna SesaZlebelia mraval gansxvavebul doneze. modiT, davakvirdeT,

ra saxiT vicnobT sakuTari skolis moswavleebs. zogierTs saerTod ar vicnobT

im martivi mizezis gamo, rom SesaZloa arasodes SegvimCnevia. zogierTs vcnobT

iqidan gamomdinare, rom adre gvinaxavs, magram maT skolis farglebs gareT rom

vxvdebodeT ver gavixsenebdiT, sad SevxvedrivarT an vin arian isini. arsebobs

moswavleTa iseTi kategoria, romelsac skolaSic vcnobT da mis farglebs ga-

reTac, magram maTi saxelebi ar gvaxsovs. zogierTis saxeli viciT, magram ver

vityviT, ras saqmianoben. ase grZeldeba manamde, sanam ar CamovTvliT moswav-

leebs, romelTac kargad vicnobT: viciT maTi saxelebi, saqmianoba da TiTqmis

yvelaferi maT Sesaxeb.

sityvebis SemTxvevaSic ase xdeba. isini sxvadasxvanairad viciT. zogierTs

adre SevxvedrivarT, magram ar viciT, zustad sad: maTi gaxseneba SegviZlia kon-

teqstSi, magram ara mis farglebs gareT. saboloo jamSi, Cven vcnobT maT nebis-

mier konteqstSi, viciT maTi yvela mniSvneloba da gamoyeneba. igive xdeba

mSobliur enazec im sityvebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic CvenTvis ucnobi Temati-

kis (magaliTad, medicina da lingvistika) nawilia.

89

davaleba 3b: sityvebi, romlebic sxvadasxva doneze viciT (miesadageba

samuSao furcels studentebisaTvis)

SeecadeT moaxdinoT Semdegi sityvebis codnis klasificireba (aRebulia

wignidan mexsierebis Sesaxeb);

fsiqogenuri, konfabulacia, amnezia, koneqcionizmi, blaindsaiTi, re-

fraqciuloba,

mieciT maT diagramis saxe, naklebad nacnobi sityvebi ganaTavseT qveviT,

marcxniv, xolo nacnobi _ zeviT, marjvniv. aRniSneT Semdegnairad: arasodes

Semxvedria, Semxvedria, magram mniSvneloba ar vici da a. S.

mniSvnelobis codna ar niSnavs calkeul sityvebze gaCerebas. aseve, saWi-

roa vicodeT romeli sityvebi ixmareba erTad. unda SegveZlos garCeva sityvebis

sxvadasxva wyobiT miRebuli Secvlili mniSvnelobisa, imis gacnobiereba, rom

naTqvami xSirad gacilebiT mets gulisxmobs, vidre calkeuli sityvebis

mniSvneloba.

3. 6. gramatikis codna (gramatikuli kompetencia kompetenciebi 5.2.1.2)

gramatikis codna ZiriTadad, dakavSirebulia Cvens unarebTan, saTanadod

gavaerTianoT sityvebi. es gulisxmobs sityvebis gansxvavebuli kategoriis cod-

nas, rogoricaa: arsebiTi saxelebi, zmnebi, zedsarTavi saxelebi da a. S.;

agreTve, imis codnas, Tu rogoraa isini erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, rogor

icvleba calkeul SemTxvevebSi (magaliTad zmna, romelic aRniSnavs warsul mo-

qmedebas), ra TanamimdevrobiT lagdeba da a. S.

sakuTar enasTan mimarTebaSi aseT codnas bolomde ver vacnobierebT, ma-

gram didia albaToba imisa, rom Zalze kargad vicodeT im enis formaluri we-

sebi, romelsac vaswavliT. aseTi codna Cven ufro gvaqvs, vidre adamianebs, ro-

melTaTvisac ena, romelsac vaswavliT mSobliuria. aseve, SeiZleba vamCnevdeT,

rom Cveni studentebi problemebs awydebian gramatikis arasaTanadod codnis

gamo. bevrs davoben imaze, Tu ramdenad saWiroa ucxo enis gramatikis formalu-

rad codna komunikaciisaTvis. Tumca, SemswavlelebisaTvis, albaT, mniSvnelova-

nia imis gacnobierebac, rom isini namdvilad iyeneben gramatikul wesebs

mSobliur enaze maSinac ki, roca wesebi sakmaod gansxvavdeba enis standartuli

wesebisagan.

davaleba 3 g: ramdenad icnobT sakuTari enis formalur wesebs

gadaxedeT Semdeg inglisur winadadebebs:

oliveri gaemgzavra kanadaSi. vin wavida masTan erTad? rodis gaemgzavra

igi? is guSin ar wasula.

is yovelTvis mogzaurobs orSabaTobiT. meuRle Tan ar dahyavs. misi

meuRle cudadaa. saxlSi rCeba? SeuZlia cota xniT dasveneba? samwuxarod, bavS-

vebs ver datovebs umeTvalyureod.

daasaxeleT wesebi, romelTa meSveobiTac xdeba uaryofiTi da kiTxviTi

winadadebebis formireba inglisurSi. miaqcieT yuradReba, rom es wesebi exe-

bodes yvela mocemul magaliTs. sad gxvdeba uaryofiTi nawilaki, zmnamde Tu

zmnis Semdeg? yovelTvis xdeba inversia kiTxviT winadadebebSi? romeli

nawilakebi eqvemdebareba inversias?

gadaxedeT, rogor xdeba inglisuri enis verbaluri sistemis daufleba

Semswavlelebis mier, rac naCvenebia cxrilSi 1. SegiZliaT axsnaT, ratom xdeba

es maincdamainc ase?

90

nawili 4 _ davalebebi da teqstebi (kompetenciebi 7,4 _ 4.6)

4. 1. davalebebi

davaleba yoveldRiuri, arateqnikuri gagebiT, samuSaos is nawilia, ro-

melic adamians SeuZlia itvirTos. davalebebi yoveldRiuri mravalferovani

saqmianobis erT-erTi elementia, rac sruldeba sakuTari TavisaTvis an sxvisT-

vis, Tavisuflad, jildos misaRebad an valdebulebis gamo. davalebis magali-

Tia: kbilebis gamoxexva, Txzulebis wera da wignis Txovebac. mravali davalebis

Sesruleba, Tu umetesobis ara, moiTxovs enis erTgvar damuSavebas. swored am

kuTxiT ganixilavs davalebebs kompetenciebis me-7 Tavi.

davalebis saTanadod Sesruleba damokidebulia or rameze: CvenTvis

xelmisawvdomi sxvadasxva saxis kompetenciebsa da TviT davalebis sirTulesa

da kompleqsurobaze. davuSvaT, rom vamzadebT omlets. es davaleba ramdenime

qvepunqtisagan Sedgeba, _ receptis wakiTxva, saWiro ingredientebis mogroveba,

kvercxis gatexva da aTqvefa, tafis gacxeleba da a. S. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom

es davaleba zomierad kompleqsuria.

Cveni unarebi SeiZleba icvlebodes yoveli qvepunqtis mixedviT. maSinac ki,

roca omletis momzadeba ar viciT, SeiZleba kvercxi kompetenturad gavtexoT,

Tumca sxva kompetenciebi SeiZleba CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdes sxva adamianis

an adamianebis saxiT, romlebic gvexmarebian. es davaleba SesaZloa garTuldes

drois simciris an produqtis Sefasebis aucileblobis gamo. aqedan gamomdinare,

davalebis TavisTavadi sirTule da CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi kompetenciebi gadam-

wyvet rols TamaSobs imaSi, Tu rogor SevasrulebT mas. roca davaleba wminda

enobrivia, TamaSSi erTveba wina èrTeulSi~ CamoTvlili enasTan dakavSirebuli

kompetenciebi. roca davaleba exeba enas, romelsac vswavlobT, Cveni kompetencia

am enaSi (agreTve, sxva enebSic, Tu es ukavSirdeba mocemul davalebas) da enis

damuSavebis sirTule did zegavlenas iqoniebs mis Sesrulebaze. rogorc ukve

araerTxel davrwmundiT, komunikaciaSi monawile yvela aspeqti Taviseburad

cvlis gamoyenebadi enis tips da misi damuSavebis sirTules.

4. 2. teqstebi

enis producirebas Tan axlavs Cvengan damoukidebeli teqstis producire-

bac. roca vinmes veWoravebiT, Cveni naTqvami teqstia an ufro didi teqstis

nawili mainc, iseve, rogorc avtoris mier werilobiTi formiT mowodebuli ro-

mani an poema.8 teqsts dasamuSaveblad Rebulobs enis sxva momxmarebeli, Worao-

bisas Cvens mier naTqvam teqsts amuSavebs Cveni megobari da piriqiT. SeiZleba

gviwevdes teqstis producireba an recefcia, an orive erTad, magram misi da-

muSaveba unda xdebodes komunikaciaSi monawile orive partnioris mier. ase rom,

yvelaferi, rasac kolegebi erTmaneTs eubnebian matarebelSi an gzaze samsaxu-

risaken, teqstia, miuxedavad imisa, rom bgera producirebisTanave qreba (garda

im SemTxvevisa, roca xdeba misi Cawera). matarebelSi myofi sxva adamianebis

saubaric (maT Soris im gogonasi, romelic Cvens win mobilur telefonze

saubrobs) teqstia iseve, rogorc reklamebi, Cvens mier gamoyenebadi bileTi an

saSvi, gancxadebebi da simReris teqsti, romelic naxevrad ismis ukan mjdomi

adamianis yursacvamebidan.

kompetenciebSi naTqvamia: `teqsts udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba enobriv ko-munikaciaSi, is aris gare, obieqturi kavSiri mis mimwodebelsa da mimRebs Soris miuxedavad imisa, komunikacia pirispir mimdinareobs, Tu distanciurad~. bune-brivia, erTi mxriv, teqstis mimRebsa da mimwodebels Soris urTierToba da meore mxriv, TviT teqsti icvleba komunikaciaSi monawile partniorebis mixed-viT. megobarTan Woraobisas, vmonawileobT ufro vrceli teqstis (an saubris)

91

monakveTebis producirebasa da recefciaSi, maSin, roca werilis Targmanisas teqstis iseTi mimRebisaTvis, romelic sxva enaze metyvelebs, saTqmeli TiTqmis araferi gvaqvs. teqstze zegavlenas axdens misi matarebeli saSualebac. weri-lobiT teqstebSi ar gamoiyeneba iseTive emfatika, rogoric sasaubro teqstebSi9. werilobiTi teqstebic mravalmxriv gansxvavdeba. kompetenciebi qvaze amokveTili warweris gamZleobas, lakonurobasa da seriozulobas adarebs aerogramis efe-merulobas.

teqstebi da davalebebi dakavSirebulia bevr iseT davalebasTan, romle-bic moicavs teqstebis damuSavebas, magram davalebis Sesruleba xSirad moiTxovs teqstebis Semdgom producirebasac. miwodebuli an miRebuli teqstis tipebi sakmaod gansxvavebuli iqneba komunikaciis aqtis iseTi aspeqtebidan ga-momdinare, rogoricaa: komunikaciis adgili, monawile mxareebi, gamoyenebuli sakomunikacio saSualeba, a. S.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom Cvens mier Sesrulebadi davalebebis umravlesoba moicavs garkveuli saxis teqsts da yvela teqsti moicavs calkeul davalebebs, SesaZloa detalurad dagvWirdes imis ganxilva, Tu rogori kavSiria davale-bebsa da teqstebs Soris yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. TviT SedarebiT martivi da-valebac ki, rac gulisxmobs diliT samsaxurSi wasvlas sazogadoebrivi trans-portiT, moicavs ramdenime teqsts: avtobusis an matareblis ganrigs, daniSnulebis adgilis saxelwodebas, avtobusis / matareblis bileTs an tal-ons, avtobusis mZRolTan interaqcias, misTvis miniSnebas, rom gaCerdes. nakleb savaraudoa, rom msgavsi teqstebi damuSavebuli gvqondes. magaliTad, bolos rodis wavikiTxeT is, rac aRniSnuli iyo Cveni avtobusis an matareblis bileTze? Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom avtobusiT an matarebliT mgzavroba sul sxva WrilSi ganixileba, Tu vimyofebiT ucxo qveyanaSi, romlis ena maincdamainc kargad ar viciT. Aam SemTxvevaSi, zemoxsenebuli teqstebidan nebismieri SeiZleba sirTulis potenciuri wyaro gaxdes da Cven mogviwios daxmarebis Txovna, am sakmaod banaluri davalebis Sesrulebamde an TviT Sesrulebis procesSi.

4. 3. davalebebi da teqstebi saklaso oTaxSi saklaso oTaxi specialuri tipis konteqstia, romelSic xSirad vxvdebiT

`realur samyaros~ mowyvetil teqstebsa da davalebebs. moswavleebs, saklaso oTaxis farglebSi, yovelTvis ar aqvT kontroli davalebaze, romlis Sesrule-bac moeTxovebaT da teqstebze, romelTa damuSavebac uwevT. igive iTqmis sxva sagnebis gakveTilebTan mimarTebaSic. gamonaklisia mxolod enis TviTSeswavla. vfiqrobT, urigo ar iqneba, detalurad ganvixiloT es sakiTxebi, sanam TviT enis gakveTilebs SevexebodeT momdevno punqtSi.

4. 3. davaleba 4a: saklaso oTaxSi gamoyenebadi davalebebisa da teqstebis

gadaxedva.

warmovidginoT Cveulebrivi gakveTili nebismier saganSi, garda enisa (ma-galiTad, istoriis, qimiis, xelovnebis da a. S.) _ CamoTvaleT davalebebi, romelTa Sesrulebasac iTxovs aseTi gakveTili; _ TiToeul davalebasTan mimarTebaSi, CamoTvaleT dasamuSavebeli teqstebi. _ detalurad SeiswavleT erT-erTi aseTi teqsti da gaarkvieT, riT hgavs an riT gansxvavdeba igi,

a) `realur samyaroSi~ gamoyenebadi teqstebisagan; b) enis gakveTilze ga-moyenebadi teqstebisagan; _ CamoTvaleT davalebaTagan romelime Tu hgavs enis gakveTilis davalebas, ma-galiTad, sxva studentebTan erTad muSaoba? _ Semswavlelebs dasWirdebodaT Tu ara maswavleblis daxmareba romelime da-valebis SemTxvevaSi?

_ rogoria aseTi gakveTilis miznebi da amocanebi? hgavs isini enis gak-veTilis miznebsa da amocanebs?

92

4. 4. teqstebi axal enaze

pirvel erTeulSi ganxiluli enis zogierTi aspeqti, ramdenadme specifi-kuri aRmoCnda enis SemswavlelTaTvis. maT Sorisaa TviT enis Semswavlelis roli, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom axal enaze komunikaciisas, Semswavlelebs uwevT zogierTi iseTi davalebis Sesruleba, rac mSobliur enaze ar dasWirde-baT. magaliTad, miniSneba, rom ver gaiges, gameorebis an daxmarebis Txovna. meore aspeqtia saklaso oTaxSi arsebuli fizikuri garemo, sadac xdeba enis swavleba. aseve, aRiniSna, rom davalebebi, romelTac Semswavlelebi asruleben enis gakveTilze, xSirad gansxvavdeba realur cxovrebaSi Sesasrulebeli an sxva sagnebis gakveTilebis davalebebisagan, es imiT aixsneba, rom enis gak-veTilze aqcenti keTdeba enis Seswavlaze.

davalebebi, romlebic yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi gvxvdeba, warmatebiT Ses-rulebulad miiCneva, Tu gaweuli samuSao swori aRmoCnda. ena, Cveulebriv, erT-erTi komponentia davalebis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis, meore mxriv, enis gak-veTilze TviT ena gansxvavebul rols asrulebs davalebaSi. Semswavlelebisagan xSirad moelian ara mxolod mocemuli davalebis Sesrulebas, aramed enis adek-vaturad da sworad gamoyenebasac. es asea im saswavlo midgomebSic, romlebSic enis gakveTilis davalebebi maqsimaluradaa miaxloebuli realur cxovrebiseul davalebebTan, gamomdinare iqidan, rom mTavari mizani axali enis Seswavlaa. TviT aseTi midgomis WrilSic ki, aqcenti unda gakeTdes rogorc enis formaze, ise davalebis Sinaarsze. amgvarad, Tu saklaso oTaxSi swavleba mimdinareobs davalebaze dayrdnobiT, saWiroa damyardes erTgvari balansi davalebis sworad Sesrulebasa da moTxovnas Soris, romelic gulisxmobs Semswavlelis mier enis saTanadod Seswavlasa da gamoyenebas davalebis Sesasruleblad. zogjer ise xdeba, rom axali ena Cerdeba mocemul etapze im mizeziT, rom Semswavleli met yuradRebas uTmobs davalebebisaTvis Tavis warmatebiT garTmevas, Tundac enis araadekvaturi gamoyenebiT. zogierT saklaso oTaxSi mTeli aqcenti enis for-mebze gadaitaneba da maTTan dakavSirebul davalebebs SeiZleba aranairi sako-munikacio daniSnuleba ar gaaCndes. am SemTxvevaSi, Semswavlelma SeiZleba iswavlos formebi, magram ver SesZlebs maT gamoyenebas realur cxovrebiseul davalebaTa warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis.

davalebis tips ukavSirdeba enis gakveTilze gamoyenebadi teqstis tipic. igi SeiZleba iyos avTentikuri _ Seqmnili, upirveles yovlisa, realuri komuni-kaciisaTvis da ara enis SemswavelelisaTvis da dayofili doneebis mixedviT _ gaTvlili ama Tu im doneze myof Semswavlelebze.

davaleba 4b: enis klasSi gamoyenebadi davalebebisa da teqstebis gad

axedva -

daukvirdiT Tqvens mier bolo periodSi Catarebul enis gakveTils. _ SeadareT im davalebaTa sia, romelTa Sesrulebac mouwiaT Tqvens stu-

dentebs am gakveTilze: _ TiToeul davalebasTan mimarTebaSi, aRniSneT is teqstebi, romelTa da-

muSavebac mouwiaT maT. _ detalurad ganixileT romelime teqsti da gaarkvieT, riT hgavs an riT

gansxvavdeba igi a) realobaSi gamoyenebadi teqstebisagan; b) sxva sagnis gakveTilze gamo-

yenebadi teqstebisagan. _ moicavda es davalebebi realur komunikacias miuxedavad imisa, rom

aqcenti enis formebze keTdeboda? _ am davalebaTagan romelime iyo gaTvlili mTlianad, enis formebze? _ rogori iyo gakveTilis zogadi miznebi da amocanebi? ramdenad

SesaZlebeli iyo maTi Sedareba sxva sagnis gakveTilis miznebsa da amocanebTan?

Lrogor midgomasac ar unda iyenebdeT enis klasSi, mTavaria, Tqvenma moswavleebma SesZlon realuri davalebebis Sesruleba axal enaze.

93

nawili 5 _ enis swavla da swavleba

(ix. Kkompetenciebi 6.1. / 7.3.1)

kompetenciebis me-6 Tavi aerTianebs yvela wina Tavs, ubrundeba mTel rig

ganxilul sakiTxebs da ukavSirebs maT swavlis konteqsts. Aaq wamoyenebuli sa-

kiTxi ganixilavs, Tu enis klasi ramdenad exmareba Semswavlelebs `komuni-

kaciisaTvis saWiro davalebebis, aqtivobebisa da procesebis Sesrulebasa da

kompetenciebis ganviTarebaSi~. metyvelebis kuTxiT, maT unda eswavlaT me-2 Te-

maSi CamoTvlili sxvadasxva kompetenciebi, unda dauflebodnen unars, am kompe-

tenciebis sasaubro da werilobiTi teqstebis producirebasa da recefciaSi ga-

mosayeneblad, agreTve, unars, rac gulisxmobs komunikaciisaTvis saTanado geg-

mis SemuSavebas, Sesrulebas, monitoringsa da Sesworebas.

gzamkvlevis dasawyisSi ukve aRvniSneT, rom kompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs

yvela CamoTvlili unarebis gamoyenebis deskriptorebs doneebis mixedviT. es

iZleva Semswavlelebis Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis saSualebas. aseve, gansa-

kuTrebiT, saintereso da mastimulirebelia plurilingvizmis ganxilva kompe

tenciebSi, rac originalSi unda iqnes wakiTxuli. (faqtiurad, mTeli me-6 Tavi

didi yuradRebiT unda iqnes wakiTxuli).

-

Semswavlelebma SeiZleba miiCnion, rom ar sWirdebaT yvela zemoxsenebuli

aspeqtis gaTvaliswineba da amjobinon komunikaciis mxolod calkeuli aspeqte-

biT Semofargvla. magaliTad, isini SesaZloa fiqrobdnen, rom maincdamainc ar

saWiroeben axal enaze saubars da Semoifarglon mxolod wera-kiTxviT. magram,

isni aucileblad SeamCneven, rom enis sxvadasxva aspeqtebi erTmaneTTan kavSir-

Sia da maTi swavla ufro produqtiuli iqneba, Tu moxdeba yvela maTganis mxed-

velobaSi miReba. magaliTad, sityvebis gamoTqmis unari aadvilebs maT

damaxsovrebas (ix. punqti sityvebis codnaze) da aseve, SeiZleba gaaumjobesos

Cumad kiTxvis unari, Tumca saboloo gadawyvetileba yvelam Tavad unda miiRos,

saWiroebis mixedviT da maswavlebelTan konsultaciis gziT.

me-6 TavSi wamoWrilia enis SeswavlasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime sa-

kiTxic. Tavdapirvelad, mimdinareobs msjeloba imis Taobaze, enis daufleba

xdeba qvecnobierad Tu igi gacnobierebulad iswavleba. mSobliur enas, met-

wilad, qvecnobierad veuflebiT. zogierTi mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom igive xdeba

sxva enebis SemTxvevaSic, rom saWiroa ubralod enasTan urTierToba da misi

daufleba Cvens unars miRma xdeba. erTi nawili imasac ki amtkicebs, rom enis

formaluri Seswavla ar uwyobs xels mis ganviTarebas. sxvani fiqroben, rom

mxolod urTierToba sakmaris ar aris; enis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa aqtiuri

monawileoba interaqtiul komunikaciaSi. arsebobs kidev erTi, ukiduresad

gansxvavebuli mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad, leqsikuri maragis aTviseba da

gramatikuli wesebis swavla sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom adamianma mocemuli ena

gamoiyenos komunikaciisaTvis, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi. maswavleblebisa da

Semswavlelebis umetesoba Sualedur pozicias daikavebs da ecdeba mravalmxriv

mniSvnelovani davalebebiTa da teqstebiT sargeblobas. Tumca, dasaSvebia, rom

romelime radikalurad gansxvavebuli mosazreba savsebiT emTxveodes calkeul

Semswavlelebis pozicias axal enasTan mimarTebaSi.

enis swavliT TiToeul aspeqtTan mimarTebaSi, kompetenciebi gvTavazobs

mraval SesaZlo midgomas Seswavlisa da swavlebisadmi, dawyebuli sityvebis

meqanikuri SeswavliT, damTavrebuli iseTi damaxsovrebiT, rasac avTentikur ma-

salebTan urTierToba ganapirobebs; agreTve, dawyebuli gramatikis SeswavliT

formaluri axsnis doneze, damTavrebuli enis aTvisebiT kiTxvisa da mosmenis

gziT. Ees ar aris sakiTxidan gadaxvevis mcdeloba, aramed imis aRiarebaa, rom

Semswavlelebi gansxvavdebian da is, rac erTisaTvis Sesaferisia, aucilebeli

94

ar aris miesadagebodes meoresac, an is, rac Semswavlels gamoadgeba erT

SemTxvevaSi, ar niSnavs imas, rom amiT sargebloba meorejerac waadgeba.

Aam ganyofilebaSi mTeli aqcenti gadatanilia axali enis Seswavlaze (da

swavlebaze). pirveli nawili exeba enis dauflebas naturalisturad; meore

nawili ganixilavs enis swavlis organizebas da mesame _ gvTavazobs ramdenime

praqtikul winadadebas enebis Seswavlis mxriv.

5. 1. sityvebis swavla

me-3 ganyofilebaSi enis kompetencia ganxiluli iyo ramdenime saTauris

mixedviT. erT-erTi umTavresi kompetencia, romelic gagvaCnia, aris sityvebis

codna. ukve vaxseneT, mSobliur enaze sityvaTa codnis sxvadasxva doneebi. ucxo

enaze sityvebis codna ukiduresad cvalebadia. amitom sakiTxs ase vayenebT, Tu

rogor vswavlobT sityvebs.

rogor xdeba leqsikuri maragis aTviseba? pirvel enasTan mimarTebaSi,

arsebobs ori mosazreba. Ppirvelis Tanaxmad, sityvebis Seswavla unda xdebodes

bunebrivad, konteqstSi, maSin roca, meore mosazreba emxroba sityvebis for-

malur swavlebas, gansakuTrebiT, susti Semswavlelebis SemTxvevaSi. kvleviT

miRebuli Sedegebi orive maTgans amarTlebs. erTi mxriv, leqsikuri maragis

gazrda xdeba kiTxvis saSualebiT, magram zrdis masStabi mcirea; sityvebi nela

miuyveba bolo TemaSi aRweril kontinuums. Tumca, rac ufro mets kiTxulobs

Semswavleli, miT ufro Cqardeba es procesi da miT ufro izrdeba kontinuumze

sityvebis raodenoba. Mmeore mxriv, leqsikis formaluri swavlebac produqtiu-

ladaa miCneuli, ganapirobebs ra ZiriTadi sityvebis daCqarebul moZraobas kon-

tinuumze. kerZod, mikvleulia, rom leqsikis aTviseba ufro swrafad xdeba,

roca igi semantikur sferoebSi iswavleba, iseTi saxis teqstebiT, romelTa

wakiTxva Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT. Sesabamisad, leqsikuri maragis ganvi-

Tarebis yvelaze ufro efeqturi gza, rogorc Cans, orive meTodis kombinirebaa.

idealuri variantia, sityvis pirdapir swavlebas daerTos citatebi amave sityvis

gamoyenebiT, rac gaadvilebs cnobas da Semdeg azris Camoyalibebas mis sin-

taqsur aspeqtTan dakavSirebiT.

5. 2. gramatikuli sistemis swavla

kompetenciebSi aRniSnulia, rom ver xerxdeba konsensusis miRweva

mkvelevrebs Soris enebis wavlis Taobaze. am mxriv arsebobs mravali Teoriuli

pozicia. Tumca, moipoveba sakmaod moculobiTi monacemebic enis dauflebis

faqtebze da im saSualebebze, romelTac Semswavlelebi iyeneben enis Seswavli-

sas (dauflebisas). Cveni mizania, mogawodoT mkvlevarTa moRvaweobis calkeuli

Sedegebi da SemogTavazoT maTi ganxilva Cvens gamocdilebasTan SedarebiT,

raTa vnaxoT, ramdenad Seesabameba kvleviTi Sedegebi Cvensas.

kvlevebis umetesoba enis dauflebis mxriv, gamoyofs SemswavlelTa or

kategorias: Semswavlels, romelic bunebriv konteqstSi swavlobda, anu

saubaria iseT Semswavlelebze, romlebic enas swavloben mxolod masTan

urTierTobis gziT im qveyanaSi, sadac mocemul enaze metyveleben. SemswavlelTa

es tipi sakmaod gansxvavdeba Cveni Semswavlelebisagan (isini swavloben saklaso

oTaxSi, im qveyanaSi, sadac mocemul enaze ar metyveleben). miuxedavad amisa,

SemswavlelTa pirvel kategoriasTan mimarTebiT Catarebuli kvlevebi cxadyofs,

rom maTi swavlac adekvaturia ramdenime gagebiT, rasac Semdgom ganvixilavT.

adreul etapebze maTi saubris mixedviT SemuSavda zogadi nimuSebi.

qvemoT CamoTvlili Taviseburebebi ucbad ki ar Cndeba, aramed drois xan-

grZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi yalibdeba. aseTi progresirebis yvelaze gasao-

cari mxare is aris, rom erTi SexedviT advilad gasagebi Taviseburebani,

rogoricaa wesieri _ ed-iani warsuli dro da mxolobiTi ricxvis mesame piris

niSani _ s, sakmaod gvian iCens Tavs. Mmocemuli enis matarebeli adamianebi verc

95

ki acnobiereben, Tu ramdenad CaxlarTulia es formebi: isini gvxvdeba mxolod

mtkicebiT formaSi; kiTxvisa da uaryofiT formebSi zmnebi `munj~ daboloebas

Rebulobs.

zogierTi mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom es Taviseburebebi enis klasSic iCens

Tavs, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, saklaso oTaxSi enas imavenairad swavloben,

rogorc ucxo qveyanaSi cxovrebisas. umetesoba am mosazrebas mxolod nawilo-

briv daeTanxmeba, radgan miiCnevs, rom formalur swavlas aqvs mniSvneloba.

dabolos, unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod Cvens Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT Tqvan, Tu

ramdenad marTldeba es mosazreba maT SemTxvevaSi.

cxrili 1:

Mmeore enaze gramatikuli ganviTarebis ramdenime zogadi nimuSi

(Tqven SeiZleba moisurvoT am cxrilis fotoaslis gadaReba sakuTari

studentebisaTvis da maTgan komentaris miReba maTive gamocdilebidan

gamomdinare)

am cxrils exeba samuSao furceli 5

sawyisi etapi:

· ZiriTadi problema sityvebia; Semswavlels ar aqvs sityvaTa sak-

maris maragi da xSirad es iwvevs komunikaciis rRvevas;

· Semswavlels yvela nacnobi sityva erTad aqvs Tavmoyrili. Aar icis

makavSirebeli sityvebis gamoyeneba da iseTi cvlilebebis gaTvaliswineba,

rogoricaa, magaliTad, mxolobiTi ricxvis mesame pirSi inglisuri zmnis sawyis

formaze _ s-is darTva, xolo warsul droSi -ed daboloebis gamoyeneba; saer-

Tod sawyis etapze zmna bevri ar aris.

· naTqvami maqsimalurad pirdapiri wyobisaa; magaliTad ambis moyoli-

sas, daculia momxdari movlenebis zusti Tanamimdevroba.

· Semswavleli Zalze damokidebulia im adamianze, visac esaubreba,

elis ra maTgan daxmarebas sityvebis miwodebisa da misi naTqvamis gagebis mxriv.

saSualo done:

· gramatikuli Taviseburebani etapobrivad viTardeba, magaliTad

inglisurSi,

_ Cndeba awmyo gangrZobiTi drois _ ing forma, to be (`yofna~) zmnis gareSe; _ Cndeba zogierTi warsuli dro (ZiriTadad, arawesieri);

_ umetesoba zmnebis SemTxvevaSi, uaryofiTi forma gamoixateba zmnis win

no, not da don't-is gamoyenebiT, magram zogjer adgili aqvs uaryofiTi formis

sworad gadmocemas modaluri zmnebis da to be zmnis gamoyenebiT. magaliTad, can-not, is not.

_ kiTxvebi formirdeba inversiis gareSe, gamonaklisia modaluri zmnebi

da to be zmna.

ufro maRali done:

· progresirebs ra Semswavleli, etapobrivad sul ufro metad akon-

trolebs sistemis sxvadasxva nawilebs. magaliTad inglisurSi.

_ uaryofiTi forma sworad gamoixateba modaluri zmnebiTa da to be zmniT; gavrcelebas iwyebs do-s gamoyeneba ZiriTadi zmnebis uaryofiTi formis

sawarmoeblad _ he does not comes, hi did not came. MmogvianebiT Cndeba swori forme-

bic, he does not come, hi did not come. _ kiTxvebi inversiulia, gamoiyeneba damxmare zmna do; _ warsuli drois wesieri _ ed daboloeba da mxolobiTSi mesame piris

niSnis (s) sworad gamoyeneba.

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5. 3. rogor xdeba enis swavlis organizeba

pirveli ganyofilebis dasawyisSi gavecaniT, sxvaobas komunikaciasa (misi

mravalferovani aspeqtebiT) da misi realizebisaTvis saWiro saSualebebs Soris.

Aam etapze SevityobT, rom bevri aspeqti mkveTrad ar icvleba or enasTan mimar-

TebaSi. ase rom, Semswavlelis codnis didi nawili da bevri unari axal enaSic

SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli, erTaderTi, rac Semswavlelma unda aiTvisos, aris

axali saSualebebi, imisaTvis, rasac sakuTar enaze ukve akeTebs.

aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi mniSvnelovani faqti, rom enis erTi da igive

Taviseburebani Tavs iyris yvela saxis sakomunikacio TaviseburebaTa gaTvalis-

winebiT, igi SezRudulia imisda mixedviT, ris saSualebasac mocemuli ena

iZleva. erTi martivi magaliTi naTels mohfens am sakiTxs. imisaTvis, rom ing-

lisur enaSi vawarmooT kiTxviTi forma wh-sityvebis gamoyenebiT (who, what, when, where, how. da a.S) kiTxviT sityvas vsvamT winadadebis TavSi da Tu igi qvemdebare

ar aris, xdeba zmnisa da qvemdebaris inversia. saWiroebisamebr, inversiisaTvis

gamoiyeneba damxmare zmna do. Aamgvarad, SekiTxvaSi what did he eat? What-ma gadainacvla winadadebis TavSi, gamoyenebul iqna damxmare do da qvemdebare he-m

da damxmare zmnam inversia ganicada (agreTve, yuradReba miaqcieT, rom mTavari

zmnis warsuli forma ate gadavida neitralur formaSi eat). Ees wesebi ucvleli

iqneba, miuxedavad komunikaciis aqtis Taviseburebebisa. Aase rom, misalmebas

aseTi forma eqneba How are you? Aan ufro formalur SemTxvevaSi _ How do you do? daxmareba SegviZlia ase viTxovoT How do you fix this? mimarTulebas ase gavarkvevT

How do I get to the city centre? sami sruliad gansxvavebuli sakomunikacio movlena

enis erTsa da imave struqturas iTavsebs. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ena is

sistemaa, romelic mniSvnelovnad damoukidebelia TviT gamoyenebadi enisagan. is,

ris swavlac gviwevs, umetesad sistemas exeba _ sityvebs da wesebs sityvebis

dasalageblad.

yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT axali enis swavlasTan mimarTe-

baSi, ori ZiriTadi midgoma ikveTeba: a) Tavdapirvelad, sistemis Seswavla (enis

formebi da wesebi) da Semdeg maTi gamoyeneba sxvadasxva sakomunikacio

SemTxvevebSi; an b) Tavdapirvelad, calkeuli sakomunikacio aqtebis ganxor-

cielebis swavla da Semdeg Seswavlili enis sistemis misadageba axal situa-

ciebTan. pirveli midgomis upiratesoba imaSi gamoixateba, rom Cven vswavlobT

iseT rames, rac gamoyenebadia mravalnair konteqstSi, magram naklovaneba is

aris, rom realurad ar viciT, rogor avagoT sakomunikacio movlena struqtu-

ruli TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, SeiZleba movaxerxoT kiTxvis dasma, magram ver

gavarkvioT mimarTuleba, an SeiZleba movaxerxoT saubari manqanebze, magram ara

kompiuterebze. meore midgomis upiratesoba isaa, rom viciT, rogor moviqceT ama

Tu im sakomunikacio SemTxvevaSi (magaliTad, maRaziaSi tansacmlis SeZenisas,

patara incidentisaTvis bodiSis moxda), magram mas aqvs naklovani mxarec, ker-

Zod, rTulia imis codna, Tu ra da ra moculobiT unda movargoT axal situa-

ciebs. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba enis zogadi principebi safuZvlianad ver

SeviswavloT.

arsebobs mesame midgomac: mivceT sakuTar Tavs enasTan Sexebis ufleba,

gamovikvlioT igi, vcadoT komunikaciis damyareba, CavataroT masze eqsperimenti,

etapobrivad avagoT `Cveni sakuTari~ ena, wesebisa da sistemis Seswavlis gziT,

SevadaroT sakuTari SeniSvnebi sxva Semswavlelebis, maswavleblebisa da moce-

muli enis matarebelTa SeniSvnebs. meoTxe midgoma gulisxmobs enis swavlas

sxva sagnis saSualebiT, Setyobinebaze an Sinaarsze koncentrirebiT, naklebi

aqcentis keTebiT formaze. Eenis Semswavlelebi sxvadasxva midgomiT isargeble-

ben, magram albaT adekvaturi swavla moiTxovs samive an oTxive midgomis kom-

binirebas. rogorc ar unda iyos SerCeuli midgoma, Semswavlelebma unda gaiT-

valiswinon is zogadi kursi, romelsac umetesoba mihyveba.

97

dasawyisisaTvis, kargi iqneba, sakuTar moTxovnaTa gaanalizeba, rac

gulisxmobs im situaciebisa da rolebis gansazRvras, romlebic konkretuli

SemswavlelebisaTvis SeiZleba yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyos axali enis gamoyene-

bisas. Aaseve, unda SemuSavdes davalebebi, romelTa Sesrulebasac moindomebs

konkretuli Semswavleli, ganisazRvros Temebi, romlebTan urTierTobasac igi

moisurvebs, misi komunikaciaSi monawileobis saxe da saamisod gamosayenebeli

saSualebebi. yovel Semswavlels gansxvavebuli moTxovnebi aqvs. maTi dadgena

Semswavlelis prerogativaa. studentebs, maswavleblebTan erTad, SeuZliaT

ganixilon oficialuri miTiTebebi da miznebi da dafiqrdnen, rogor SeiZleba

sakuTari, personaluri saswavlo gegmis SemuSaveba oficialuri gegmis far-

glebSi.

amis Semdeg, maT SeiZleba sTxovon maT mier gamoyenebadi saxelmZRvanelos

gadaxedva, misi organizebis principis dasadgenad, am mxriv, gakveTilebis an gan-

yofilebis saxelwodebebi, Cveulebriv, instruqciuli xasiaTis matarebelia.

exeba Tu ara isini situaciebs (magaliTad `bankSi~) an davalebebs (mimarTulebis

garkveva) an Temebs (Sinauri cxovelebi), an enas rogorc sistemas (awmyo dro).

albaT, yoveli gakveTilis an ganyofilebis Semdeg, studentebi miakvleven Si-

naarsis Sejamebasac. rogor aris igi mocemuli? maT SeuZliaT moTxovnebi

Seadaron saxelmZRvaneloSi gaSlil sakiTxebs.

Catarebuli analizi maT warmodgenas Seuqmnis sakuTar moTxovnebze, ma-

gram SesaZloa gamoadgeT enis sxva aspeqtebis gadaxedvac. zogjer, kargia iseTi

ramis swavlac, rac sakuTari moTxovnebis ricxvSi ar aris. magaliTad, SeiZleba

wera da damarcvla maTTvis mniSvnelovan elementebs ar warmoadgendes, magram

urigo ar iqneba, sityvebis werilobiTi formebis gadaxedva, maTi ukeT

damaxsovrebis mizniT. aseve, SesaZlebelia maT ena mxolod kiTxvis Tvalsaz-

risiT sWirdebodeT, magram gamoTqmis gadaxedva maxsovrobas waadgeboda. gasaT-

valiswinebelia isic, rom enis swavlas SeiZleba Tan sdevdes moTxovnaTa

Secvla da amitom drodadro unda xdebodes maTi gadamowmebac. magaliTad,

sawyis etapze myofi Semswavleli SeiZleba Zalze kmayofili iyos iseTi ga-

moTqmiT, romelsac bevri uklia enis matareblis gamoTqmamde, magram rac ufro

gaxSirdeba urTierToba aseT adamianTan, Semswavlelma SesaZloa uxerxuloba

igrZnos sakuTari gamoTqmis gamo da miiCnios, rom jer kidev bevri unda imuSaos

bgeriT sistemaze.

5. 4. ramdenime praqtikuli winadadeba enis Seswavlis kuTxiT

am ganyofilebis SesavalSi aRiniSna, rom mkvlevrebs Soris ver xerxdeba

konsensusis miRweva enis swavlis Taobaze. verc maswavleblebi da kursis ma-

salebis avtorebi Tanxmdebian, Tu romelia saukeTeso gza enis Sesaswavlad.

aqedan gamomdinare, mizanSewonili iqneba, obieqturad ganvixiloT swavlasTan

mimarTebaSi arsebuli gansxvavebuli midgomebi. Semdegi zogadi sakiTxebi

namdvilad imsaxurebs Cvens yuradRebas.

Semswavlelebma unda mimarTon sxvadasxva xerxs leqsikuri maragis asaT-

viseblad. isini ar unda fiqrobdnen, rom sityvebi erTxel da samudamod iswav-

leba. sityvebs samudamo adgili rom mivuCinoT mexsierebaSi, saWiroa intensiuri

muSaoba. Aam mxriv SemuSavebulia Semdegi winadadebebi:

· miCneulia, rom enis Seswavlis adreul stadiaze mnemonikis gamoyeneba

Zalze sasargebloa; Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT Seiswavlon maT mier sityvebis

dasamaxsovreblad gamoyenebadi mnemonika da Seadaron igi sxvebisas. Mmnemonikas

uzrunvelyofs maswavlebeli an igi iqmneba TviT Semswavlelebis mier, Tanac,

rac ufro uCveuloa igi, miT ufro gamosadegia.

· Tu sityvebi semantikur krebulSi iswavleba, urigo ar iqneba, maTi

sxvadasxva kuTxiT kategorizacia. Aase magaliTad, Tu vcdilobT viswavloT

sxvadasxva satransporto saSualebebis aRmniSvneli sityvebi, maTi kategori-

98

zacia SesaZlebelia Semdegnairad: siCqaris mixedviT, borblebis raodenobis

mixedviT, maT mier gamowveuli dabinZurebis xarisxis mixedviT, zomis an anba-

nuri wyobis mixedviT da a. S. roca es aqtivoba jgufSi sruldeba, iwyeba kamaTi

mocemuli satransporto saSualebis maxasiaTeblebis irgvliv, amas Tan sdevs

sityvebis sxvadasxva mniSvnelobebiT gamoyeneba, rac Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs

maT damaxsovrebas11.

Tu saswavlia teqstis ZiriTadi sityvebi, maTi dayofa SesaZlebelia Sem-

degi kategoriebis mixedviT: vin (adamianebi), ra (sagnebi da movlenebi), sad

(adgilebi), rodis (dro), Tu am yvelafers venis diagramis saxes mivcemT,

vnaxavT, rom zogierTi sityva semantikuri krebulebis gadakveTazec gvxvdeba.

Semdeg, kargi iqneba calkeuli sityvebis amokreba da maTi sxva sityvebTan

misadagebis cda. Ddabolos, Semswavlelebs SeiZleba sTxovon am sityvebis gamo-

yeneba teqstis ConCxis anu sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, SesaZlo scenaris asage-

bad. Ees iqneba erTgvari mzadeba teqstis originalze samuSaod.

aRniSnuli winadadebebi gamomdinareobs im principidan, rom axali sity-

vebi saWiroebs intensiur damuSavebas, Tu gvsurs maTi samudamod damaxsovreba.

SemoTavazebuli winadadebebis bolo nakrebi, romelic exeba sityvebs teqstidan,

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes enis Seswavlis adreul stadiaze gamomdinare iqi-

dan, rom damwyeb Semswavlelebs gauadvilebs azris wvdomas martivi teqstebis

kiTxvisas. igi aerTianebs bunebriv konteqstSi arsebul calkeul sityvebze in-

tensiuri muSaobis or maxasiaTebels.

Semswavlelebs ufro meti urTierToba unda hqondeT axal enasTan. Tu ga-

movTvliT saaTebis raodenobas, romelic eTmoba saklaso oTaxis farglebSi

enis Seswavlas, SevamCnevT, rom igi Zalze mcirea. Semswavlelebis urTierToba

enasTan bevrad ufro intensiuri iqneboda im qveyanaSi, sadac mocemul enaze

metyveleben. xSirad, saklaso oTaxSi enis swavla sakvebis cal-calke lukmebad

miRebas hgavs; Semswavlelebis mier miRebuli ulufa mcirea. amitom, isini yvela

xelmisawvdom saSualebas unda mimarTavdnen, saklaso oTaxis farglebs gareT

enis gamoyenebis intensifikaciisaTvis.

isini mravalmxriv unda iyenebdnen enas, recefciuli procesis saSuale-

biT, am enis matareblebTan urTierTobaSi12. Tu Semswavlelebs ar aqvT uSualo

kontaqti mocemuli enis matareblebTan, enis mravalmxrivi gamoyeneba SeiZleba

dayvanil iqnes recefciul procesamde (mosmena da kiTxva). recefciuli da-

muSaveba maT uzrunvelyofs Zalze mniSvnelovani enobrivi monacemebiT. Mme-4

erTeulSi vnaxeT, rom ucxo enaze teqstis kiTxvisas, Tu Tema nacnobia, sityvebi

da gramatika ufro advilad gasagebi xdeba. es imas ar niSnavs, rom Semswav-

lelebi maSinve SesZleben am sityvebisa da gramatikis swavlas, magram gamomdi-

nare iqidan, rom Semswavlels urTierToba hqonda maTTan konteqstSi, formalur

Seswavlas ufro mravalmxrivi xasiaTi eqneba. kiTxva, radios mosmena da

televizoris yureba nebismieri enis saswavlo programis ZiriTadi nawili unda

iyos.

isini mravalmxriv unda iyenebdnen enas, produqtiuli da interaqciuli

damuSavebis gziT, am enis matareblebTan urTierTobaSi. Tanamedrove

teqnologiis wyalobiT, bevri SemswavlelisaTvis ukve SesaZlebelia mocemuli

enis matareblebTan uSualo kontaqtSi Sesvla. aRar aris saWiro lodini im

qveyanaSi mosaxvedrad, sadac am enaze metyveleben an sakuTar werilze pasuxis

cda kontaqtis dasamyareblad. Uukve SesaZlebelia TanatolebTan da msgavsi in-

teresebis mqone adamianebTan internetis saSualebiT urTierToba. es namdvilad

Seitans cvlilebas enis SeswavlaSi, gansakuTrebiT im mxriv, rom enis socialur

aspeqtebTan urTierToba gaadvildeba.

isini unda dafiqrdnen, Tavad rogor swavloben enas. enis Seswavlis

procesSi imis gacnobiereba, Tu ras akeTeb, miCneulia, rom swavlaSi gexmareba.

gamoyenebad strategiebze dafiqreba da maTi produqtiulobis Sefaseba,

Semswavlelebs maTi Secvlis an gaumjobesebis saSualebas miscems. swavlasTan

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mimarTebaSi erTgvari dRiuris warmoeba, sakmaod efeqturi iqneba. Aam mxriv EELP-

i SesaniSnavi instrumentia.

xSir SemTxvevaSi, roca swavla saklaso oTaxis farglebSi mimdinareobs,

Semswavlelebi aqtiurad ver monawileoben iseT gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi,

romlebic gansazRvravs, ra da rogor unda iswavlebodes. maswavleblebi, kursis

saxelmZRvaneloebi, silabusebi da gamocdebi gvkarnaxobs, ra unda iswavle-

bodes, Tumca TviT swavla mxolod Semswavlelebis saqmea. saboloo jamSi,

mxolod maT SeuZliaT gansazRvron, Tu ra iqneba maTTvis saukeTeso varianti.

aqedan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania, rom maT hqondeT damoukidebloba, gadawy-

vetilebaTa misaRebad. Kkidev erTxel aRvniSnavT, rom am mxrivac ELP-i Zalze

gamosadegi instrumentia.

CamoTvlili sakiTxebis ganxilvis Semdeg, isini unda dafiqrdnen sakuTar

Tavze, rogorc Semswavlelze, rom SesZlon samomavlod gadawyvetilebaTa

miReba.

kiTxvebi, romlebic moiTxovs dafiqrebas:

leqsika

·SemswavlelTa mier asaTvisebeli leqsikuri maragi Sesasruleblad au-

cilebeli pirobaa, Tu gansazRvrul TemebSia gaSlili?

ra kriteriumebi gansazRvravs arCevans wina SekiTxvasTan mimarTebaSi?

leqsikur marags recefciis / producirebisaTvis ra saxiT waradgenT?

ra saxisaa da ra moculobisaa sxvadasxva doneebze Seswavlili leqsika

da rogor unda moxdes misi aTviseba recefciis / producirebisaTvis?

ra saSualebebiT xdeba mniSvnelobis miwodeba SemswavlelebisaTvis an

piriqiT, mniSvnelobis gadmocema maT mier: Targmani, definicia / ganmarteba

pirveli da meore enebis farglebSi; konteqstis mixedviT gageba?

vawvdiT Cvens studentebs strategiebs leqsikis aTvisebis mxriv? ramdenad

erkvevian isini sityvebis codnis sxvadasxva doneebSi?

gramatika

gansazRvrulia Tu ara Sesaswavli gramatikis moculoba doneebis mixed-

viT?

ra kriteriumebiT ganisazRvreba is Tanamimdevroba, romliTac grama-

tikuli elementebi Semswavlelebs miewodeba?

rogoria Tqvens mier gramatikuli konstruqciebis Tavisuflad agebisa da

sizustisaTvis miniWebuli SefardebiTi mniSvneloba?

ra moculobiT xdeba mSobliuri da sxva enis / enebis gramatikis gamo-

yeneba mocemuli enis Seswavlis gaadvilebis mizniT?

vicnobT Tu ara im etapebs, romlis mixedviTac xdeba Cvens studentebSi

gramatikis ganviTareba? vatarebT Tu ara trenings, maTTvis am codnis misawode-

blad?

gamoTqma, intonacia da a. S.

ra bgeriTi erTeulebisa da intonaciis nimuSebis dauflebas saWiroeben

Semswavlelebi?

rogori unda iyos sizustisa da Tavisuflad flobis xarisxi sxvadasxva

doneebze?

SevimuSavebT strategiebs Cveni studentebisaTvis, gamoTqmebis, intonaciis

da a. S. Seswavlis mizniT?

100

ramdenime daskvniTi saxis SeniSvna: SemswavlelTa progresis Sefaseba

yoveli saswavlo davaleba unda moicavdes Sefasebis garkveul tips. Tu

Semswavleli ver gamonaxavs sakuTari progresis Sesafasebel saSualebas, ad-

vilad dakargavs stimuls.

axla, roca ukve vicnobT komunikaciaSi monawile yvela aspeqts rogorc

sakuTar, ise axal enasTan mimarTebaSi, ar unda gagvikvirdes, rom enis Seswav-

lis nebismieri realuri Sefaseba aranakleb dasafiqrebeli sakiTxia. kompeten-

ciebis me-8, me-9 Tavebi da danarTi sakmaod dawvrilebiT ganixilavs enis Ses-

wavlis Sefasebis sakiTxs. me-3 Tavi exeba enis Seswavlis doneebis gansazRvras,

xolo me-9 Tavi _ zogadad Sefasebas. swored kompetenciebis saSualebiT xdeba

yoveli dadgenili donis misadageba enis sxvadasxva aspeqtebTan.

sxvadasxva doneebis dadgena xdeba Semswavlelis komunikaciis: (i) sferosa da (ii) xarisxis mixedviT, rac ufro meti davalebis Sesruleba ZaluZT, miT

ufro maRalia maTi done, magram es done ganxilul iqneba calkeul davalebaTa

Sesrulebis xarisxis TvalsazrisiTac.

amrigad, sawyis doneze (romelsac aq A1- enis gasaRebi ewodeba), Semswav-lels SeuZlia gaigos iseTi SekiTxvebis mniSvneloba, romlebic mas an mis

ojaxs exeba da gamoicnos (werilobiTi formiT) gavrcelebuli sityvebis

mniSvneloba; anu mas esmis martivi kiTxvebi da brZanebebi da SeuZlia Txovna;

Semswavlelis leqsikuri maragi elementaruli sityvebiT Semoifargleba, xolo

gramatikuli codnis sakiTxi arc ki ganixileba. Tumca, TandaTanobiT igi

SesZlebs ufro da ufro meti Temis mosmenas da wakiTxvas SedarebiT advilad,

aseve maT irgvliv saubars meti sizustiTa da TavisuflebiT.

identificirebulia sami ZiriTadi done: elementaruli flobis, damou-

kideblad flobis da srulyofilad flobis. yoveli maTgani SeiZleba daiyos

or, sam an met qvedoned imisda mixedviT, Tu ramdenad zedmiwevniT gvsurs maT

Soris arsebuli sxvaobis warmoCena. kompetenciebSi aqcenti keTdeba imaze, Tu

ras akeTebs Semswavleli da ara mis mcdar aRqmaze.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, am gzamkvlevis dasawyisSi, kompetenciebis mTavari

mizania, saSualeba misces enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaSi monawileT, isarge-

blon saerTo terminologiiT, ise, rom saubari enis Seswavlasa da enis

sxvadasxva aspeqtebze, yvelasaTvis Tanabrad gasagebi iyos. amave miziT unda

Seiqmnas da gamoicados direqtivebis krebuli, romliTac isargeblebs enis

yvela maswavlebeli da Semswavleli. am kuTxiT miRweuli mniSvnelovani pro-

gresis miuxedavad, sabolood SeTanxmeba jer mainc ver xerxdeba. zogierTi ga-

momcdeli organo enis aspeqtebis erT nawilze ufro metad akeTebs aqcents.

sxva ASemTxvevaSi, ramdenadme gaugebaria calkeul testebSi arsebuli kriteri-

umebi.

meore mxriv, Semswavlelebs Zalze waadgebaT sakuTari progresis Sefase-

bis codna. kvlevis Sedegebi cxadyofs, rom Semswavlelebs iseve kargad

SeuZliaT sakuTari progresis Sefaseba, rogorc maswavleblebs, im pirobiT, Tu:

(i) codnis standartebi gasagebadaa aRwerili; (ii) Sefaseba ukavSirdeba specifi-kur gamocdilebas (TviT formalur testsac ki), (i) da (iii) Semswavlelebi Rebu-

loben garkveul trenings TviTSefasebis kuTxiT. aseTi treningis amosavali

principi aris sakuTari STabeWdilebis Sedareba, realur SesaZleblobebTan. ma-

galiTad, Tu sakontrolo furcelze adamiani aRniSnavs, rom esmis amindis

prognozi da mis mier miRebuli informaciis siswores gadaamowmebs maswavle-

belTan an konkretuli enis matarebelTan, misi Sefasebis unari bevrad daix-

veweba.

es yovelive xels uwyobs damoukideblad swavlis unaris ganviTarebas.

saboloo jamSi, mxolod Semswavlelebma ician, enis romel aspeqtze surT kon-

centrireba da romeli donis miRweviT arian dainteresebulni. sakuTari pro-

gresis monitoringi maT bevri iseTi kuTxiTac daexmareba, rasac Tavad ver ac-

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nobiereben. zogierTi Semswavleli erideba sazogadoebas: ar hyofnis siTamame

sajarod saubrisaTvis an erideba Secdomebis daSvebas. TviTSefasebis unari maT

daexmareba imis gacnobierebaSi, rom realurad prognozs akeTeben, rom Secdome-

bis kvlav daSveba ar niSnavs arswavlas. faqtiurad, roca swavla mimdinareobs

bunebriv garemoSi, daSvebuli Secdomebi migviTiTebs, rom ena bunebrivad vi-

Tardeba. Sesabamisad, roca Semswavlelebs iseTi STabeWdileba eqmnebaT, rom ar

swavloben, radgan maswavlebeli an mocemuli enis matarebeli adamiani ar meT-

valyureobs maT, TviTSefaseba sapirispiros amtkicebs. dabolos, TviTSefaseba

SeiZleba rogorc skolis farglebSi, ise maT miRma; is srulad ukavSirdeba

enis ganviTarebas da ara mxolod imas, rac gamocdaze unda Semowmdes.

daskvna

aRniSnuli gzamkvlevi wakiTxul unda iqnes Semdeg naSromTan erTad:

`Tanamedrove enebi: Seswavla, swavleba, Sefaseba. zogadevropuli kompetenciebi~.

kompetenciebi imisaTvis Seiqmna, rom enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaSi monawile

yvela adamians SeeZlos èrT enaze laparaki~, anu Tanabrad gageba imisa, rasac

moicavs enis gamoyeneba da Seswavla. am dokumentma mravali kiTxva wamoWra da

maTgan bevri upasuxod rCeba. es imitom, rom jer kidev Zalian cota viciT enis

da gansakuTrebiT, enebis Seswavlis Sesaxeb. adamianebi, romlebic, xels uwyoben

axali enis Seswavlas, erTgvarad, eqspertebis rolSic ki mogvevlinebian. maT

iseTi ram eqnebaT saTqmeli enis swavlis Sesaxeb, rasac sxvebisgan ver movis-

menT. mniSvnelovania, rom maT mieceT saSualeba, swavlis procesSi miRebuli ga-

mocdilebis gaziarebisa sxva monawileTaTvis, gansakuTrebiT, maswavlebelTaT-

vis. enis swavla erT-erTi umTavresi sakiTxia axali evropis dRis wesrigSi. igi

maqsimalurad produqtiuli unda iyos. gzamkvlevi miznad isaxavs xelSewyobas

Seswavlisa da swavlebis efeqturobis misaRwevad, magram unda aRiniSnos, rom

Semswavlelebisa da maswavleblebis gamocdileba mas kidev ufro gamosadegs

gaxdis.

102

Ubwj!JW!

bari jounsi

gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisa da maswavlebelTa trenerebisaTvis (dawyebiTi da saSualo safexurebi)

winaTqma

zogadevropuli kompetenciebi (kompetenciebi) miznad isaxavs:

·win waswios da xeli Seuwyos sxvadasxva qveynebis saganmanaTleblo in-

stitutebs Soris TanamSromlobas;

·uzrunvelyos jansaRi safuZveli enobrivi cenzebis ormxriv aRiarebisaT-

vis;

·Tanadgoma aRmouCinos Semswavlelebs, maswavleblebs, maswavlebelTa

trenerebs (...) sakuTari miRwevebis warmoCenasa da koordinirebaSi.

amasTan kompetenciebi yuradRebis miRma ar tovebs sxvadasxva kategoriis

mkiTxvelebsac, romelTa specifikur interesebSic SeiZleba Sediodes aRniSnuli

gzamkvleviT sargebloba. Tumca, miznebi ucvleli rCeba.

es Tavi gaTvlilia mkiTxvelTa im wreze, romelic pasuxismgebelia an

uSualod monawileobs maswavleblebisa da Tanamedrove ucxo enebis maswavle-

belTa ganaTlebisa da treningis saqmeSi. misi mizania gamoikvlios, ramdenad

SesaZlebelia treningisa da swavlebis iseTi programebis SemuSaveba, rac xels

uwyobs Tanamedrove enis Tanamimdevrul, produqtiul da efeqtur swavlas yve-

lanairi Semswavlelis mxridan, dawyebiT da saSualo skolebSi.

es Tavi aerTianebs momxmarebelTa gzamkvlevis wina seriis sam gamocemas,

kerZod:

gzamkvlevi maswavlebelTa trenerebisaTvis (dawyebiTi ganaTleba) avtori

rita balbi.

gzamkvlevi maswavlebelTa trenerebisaTvis (saSualo skola), avtori bari

jounsi

gzamkvlevi maswavlebelTaTvis, avtori braian peiji

trening-programebi

trening-programebis umravlesoba agebulia erT modelze:

(i) mimdinareobs ucxo enis SEswavlis paralelurad (paraleluri

kursebi); an

(ii) iwyeba, universitetSi an sxva umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawese-

bulebaSi, enis formalurad Seswavlis Semdeg (Semdgomi kursebi), an

(iii) organizebulia kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli trening-programis

farglebSi.

es Tavi Tanabrad ganixilavs yvela CamoTvlil trening-programas,

miuxedavad maTi Catarebis droisa. is aseve Seexeba:

(iv) kompetenciebis damokidebulebas Tanamedrove enis maswavleblis

profesiuli ganviTarebis sakiTxTan, sawyisi treningis periodis ganvlis Semdeg.

es ganxilul iqneba, rogorc maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli

kursebi.

103

terning-programis Semdgomi gansazRvra SeiZleba moxdes:

(i) erovnul doneze SeTanxmebuli im kompetenciebisa da standartebis

aRweris mixedviT, rasac unda akmayofilebdes Tanamedrove enis maswavlebeli,

(ii) konkretul qveyanaSi Tanamedrove enis swavlebis aRweris miznebis

mixedviT; igi SeiZleba arsebobdes gzamkvlevis saxiT an warmoadgendes erovnul

cenzs;

(iii) erovnul, regionul an adgilobriv doneze maswavlebelTa tren-

ingis moTxovnebis an direqtivebis mixedviT;

(iv) SezRudvebiT maswavlebelTa trening-programebis farglebSi,

rac wesdeba erovnul, adgilobriv an konkretuli institu-

tis doneze; treningebis Catarebis adgili, skola Tu

koleji, saaTebis raodenoba, enobrivi treningis SesaZle-

blobebi, reorganizaciis programebi, a. S.

mivesalmebiT mkiTxvelis Tanamonawileobas calkeuli konteqstis far-

glebSi, dasawyisidanve, Sesabamisobis xarisxis gansazRvrisaTvis. savaraudoa,

rom moxdeba yvela aspeqtis gamoyeneba, magram maTi mniSvneloba gansxvavebuli

iqneba.

kompetenciebidan gamomdinare, am TavSi mocemuli gzamkvlevis mizania _

iyos:

· mravalmiznobrivi: gamoyenebadi mravalnairi daniSnulebiT, rac moi-

cavs dagegmvas da xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmnas enis swavlebisaTvis:

· fleqsiuri: adaptirebuli sxvadasxva situaciebSi gamoyenebisaTvis;

· Ria: daqvemdebarebuli Semdgom ganvrcobasa da daxvewas.

· dinamiuri: mudmiv ganviTarebaSi, misi gamoyenebiT miRebuli gamoc-

dilebis sapasuxod;

· gasagebi: warmodgenili advilad gasagebi da gamoyenebadi formiT;

· aradogmaturi: aramimdevari romelime konkretuli midgomisa.

nawili 1 - kompetenciebi politikur da

saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi

es nawili adgens kompetenciebis funqciebs, ganaTlebis sferoSi arsebuli

enobrivi da kulturuli mravalferovnebis gadmosaxedidan. Sesabamisad, kompe-

tenciebis mizania ara enis swavlebisa da maswavlebelTa treningis kuTxiT

arsebuli romelime konkretuli sistemis an midgomis xelSewyoba, aramed yov-

lismomcveli standartis uzrunvelyofa praqtikosebisaTvis (Semswavlelebi,

maswavleblebi, maswavlebelTa trenerebi), maT xelT arsebuli ofciebis war-

modgenisa da orientirebisaTvis, agreTve, informaciis urTierTgacvlisaTvis

gamWvirvaled da Tanamimdevrulad.

enis swavlebasa da SeswavlasTan mimarTebaSi, kompetenciebis mizania bar-

ierebis gadalaxva, rom:

gaizardos pirovnuli mobiluroba;

· gaizardos saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis produqtiuloba;

· gaizardos identurobisa da kulturuli mravalferovnebis

pativiscema;

· gaumjobesdes informaciis xelmisawvdomoba;

· gaZlierdes pirovnuli interaqcia;

· gaumjobesdes SromiTi urTierTobebi;

· miRweul iqnes ufro Rrma urTierTgageba.

104

maswavlebelTa trenerebTan da maswavleblebTan Sesabamisobis Taobaze

wamoWril SekiTxvebs SeiZleba aseTi saxe hqondes:

ganixileT swavlebis an maswavlebelTa treningis is programa, romelzec

pasuxismgebeli xarT an romelSic monawileobT. Tqven, rogorc maswavlebels da

Tqvens moswavleebs gaqvT Tu ara enis swavlis miznebis msgavsi sia yvela

SemswavlelisaTvis? es miznebi mkafiodaa Camoyalibebuli? Tqveni moswavleebi

da Tqven, rogorc maswavlebeli xom ar miiCnevT am miznebidan romelimes ufro

mniSvnelovnad an Sesaferisad, sxvebTan SedarebiT? daculia Tu ara sasurveli

ierarqia? CamoTvlili miznebidan zogierTi, xom ar miesadageba ufro metad ax-

algazrda Semswavlelebs an piriqiT, zrdasrulebs? TqvenTan erTad moRvawe

yvela adamiani iziarebs aRniSnul miznebs?

Tu aseTi kiTxvebi gaCnda da debatebis safuZveli gaxda, es imis mauwyebe-

lia, rom am Tavma Seasrula kompetenciebSi aRwerili misi ZiriTadi funqcia:

xeli Seuwyo praqtikosebs, rom dafiqrdnen da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, xelaxla

moaxdinon sakuTari mimdinare praqtikis formulireba. bunebrivia, wamoWrili

sakiTxebi amomwuravad ver ganixileba. gamocdili praqtikosebi aucileblad

dainteresdebian zogierTi iseTi sakiTxiT, romelsac gverdi avuareT da

SeiZleba ukmayofileba gamosTqvan ofciaTa formulirebis mxrivac. maT

SesaZloa miiCnion, rom es ofciebi sakmaod xistia iseTi poziciis gamosakveTad,

rac ufro detalur da srulyofil ganxilvas imsaxurebs.

nawili 2 _ SerCeuli midgoma

kompetenciebis es nawili ganmartavs SerCeul midgomas: mas safuZvlad

udevs enis analizi, romlis aRwerilobasac Semdegi saxe aqvs:

2.1 ènis gamoyeneba, enis Seswavlis CaTvliT moicavs moqmedebebs, Ses-

rulebuls adamianebis mier, romlebic rogorc individebi da socialuri agen-

tebi, SeimuSaveben mTel rig kompetenciebs. maT Sorisaa zogadi da sakomuni-

kacio enis kompetenciebi. aRniSnuli kompetenciebi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva kon-

teqstSi, gansxvavebuli pirobebisa da SezRudvebis farglebSi da monawileobs

enobriv aqtivobebSi, rac moicavs enobriv procesebs, calkeul sferoebSi arse-

bul TemebTan dakavSirebuli teqstebis producirebisa da / an recefciisaTvis.

amasTan xdeba im strategiebis aqtivacia, romlebic yvelaze ufro metad mie-

sadageba Sesasrulebel davalebebs. monawileTa mier aRniSnuli qmedebebis

monitoringi, ganapirobebs maTi kompetenciebis gaZlierebas da modificirebas.

(kompetenciebi)

gamuqebuli sityvebi aRniSnavs parametrebs, romlebic aRwers enis gamo-

yenebas da momxmareblis / Semswavlelis enis gamoyenebis unars. enis SeswavlaSi

miRweuli progresi iyofa calkeuli fleqsiuri doneebis mixedviT, romlebic

gansazRvrulia saTanado deskriptorebiT. es aparati unda iyos imdenad yovlis-

momcveli, rom miesadagebodes sxvadasxva kategoriis SemswavlelTa moTxovnebs

da amasTan, amocanebs, romlebsac unda akmayofilebdnen kandidatebi enobrivi

cenzebis mxriv.

terminologias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba enis SeswavlaSi da mimdinare

diskusiebsa da debatebSi. imisaTvis, rom kompetenciebi ormxrivad gasagebi iyos,

me-2 Tavi gansazRvravs mocemul dokumentSi gamoyenebul terminologias. mas-

wavlebelTa trening-programebsa da TviT maswavleblebs SeuZliaT isargeblon

105

aseTi definiciebiT da gamoiyenon igive an msgavsi terminologia da koncefciebi

erTmaneTTan da studentebTan urTierTobaSi. praqtikulad, es imas niSnavs, rom

Semswavlelebisa da maswavleblebis gageba erTgvari iqneba Semdegi kuTxiT:

1. zogadi kompetenciebi

2. sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebi

3. konteqstebi

4. enobrivi aqtivoba / aqtivobebi

5. enobrivi procesebi

6. teqsti

7. sfero _ sazogadoebrivi sfero

_ pirovnuli sfero

_ saganmanaTleblo sfero

_ profesiuli sfero

8. strategia

9. davaleba

10. egzistencialuri kompetencia _ savoir-être 11. deklaraciuli codna _ savoir 12. unarebi / nou-hau _ savoir faire 13. swavlis unari - savoir apprendre 14. enobrivi komponenti

15. pragmatuli komponenti

16. recefcia _ recefciuli

17. producireba _ produqtiuli

18. interaqcia _ interaqtiuli

19. mediacia

gamomdinare iqidan, rom am nusxaSi mocemulia sul 19 termini Tqven

rogorc maswavlebeli an maswavlebelTa treneri, moisurvebT am arsebiTi ter-

minologiiT sargeblobas? maswavleblebisaTvis, maswavlebelTa trenerebisa da

SemswavlelebisTvis xelsayreli ar iqneba erTiani terminologiis gamoyeneba?

mkiTxvelebs, romlebic ar iyenebT inglisurs / franguls, diskusiisaTvis,

xom ar SegeqmnebaT problema mSobliur enaze TargmnasTan dakavSirebiT?

miuxedavad imisa, rom kompetenciebis mocemuli da momdevno Tavebi mraval kon-

cefcias dawvrilebiT ganixilavs, mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba gauCndeT survili, rom

moxdes nusxaSi mocemuli yoveli terminis axsna magaliTebis gamoyenebiT.

L2. 1. 1. individis zogadi kompetenciebi (punqti 5.1)

enis Seswavlis sakiTxebze momuSave Teoretikosebi da praqtikosebi miiC-

neven, rom iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa: individualoba, xasiaTis calkeuli

Taviseburebani, mowadineba, TviTrwmena, gansazRvruli molodinebi, codna

samyaros Sesaxeb da a. S. zegavlenas axdens enis swavlaze. kompetenciebi, tovebs

ra ukomentarod mosazrebaTa safuZvlianobas, asaxelebs pirobebs, romlebic

SeiZleba xelsayreli iyos enis SeswavlisaTvis an piriqiT.

mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba hqondeT Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvis survili:

1. rogor davexmaroT maswavleblebsa da staJiorebs, rom ufro meti

Seityon Semswavlelebis, maT mier gamoyenebuli swavlis nairsaxeobebis, unare-

bis, kulturuli `tvirTis~, mrwamsisa da maT mier samyaros Semecnebis Sesaxeb?

2. pirobebi, romlebic erTi SexedviT, xels uwyobs an xels uSlis

enis Seswavlas. maTi gansazRvris Semdeg ki, imaze dafiqreba, Tu rogor Se-

vuqmnaT xelsayreli pirobebi sxvadasxva jgufebsa da Semswavlelebs.

106

3. ganaTleba (teqnikuri, samecniero, akademiuri da a.S) an dek-

laraciuli codna _ les savoirs _ romelsac Semswavlelebi gamoiyeneben enis

Seswavlisas.

4. yoveldRiuri rutinis elementebi _ yoveldRiuri programebi, tra-

pezi da trapezisaTvis gankuTvnili saaTebi, transportiT gadaadgileba sko-

lamde / skolidan, institutamde / institutidan, samuSao adgilamde / adgi-

lidan, rac uzrunvelyofs urTierTgagebas programis organizatorsa da

Semswavlels Soris.

5. enis Seswavla ramdenad aris an SeiZleba efuZnebodes procedurul

operaciebs, rogoricaa unarebi da nou-hau, zogierTi Tanamimdevruli moqmedebis

Sesrulebisas (manqanis marTva, kerZis momzadeba receptis mixedviT a.S). savoir-faire ukve nacnobia SemswavlelisaTvis, an romlis Sesrulebac Semswavlels

sWirdeba an surs.

6. aris Tu ara enis swavla saSualeba sxva saxis swavlisaTvis,

rogorc es xdeba magaliTad, Sesaval programebSi, orenovan ganyofilebebSi, an

swavlisas (magaliTad, geografiis) ucxo enis gamoyenebiT a. S.

7. enis Seswavla ramdenad uSvebs an ganaviTarebs swavlis unars _ sa-voir apprendre _ da winaswarganwyobas, sxva enis, kulturis, sxva xalxis da a. S.

aRmosaCenad.

8. ramdenad riskaven Semswavlelebi enasTan pirispir Seyras da ramde-

nad mzad arian axsna-ganmartebis mosaZieblad, damatebiTi informaciis an gameo-

rebis saTxovnelad da a. S.

SeimuSavebs Tqveni trening-programa strategiebs staJiorebis dasaxmare-

blad, rom maT ufro meti Seityon swavlis nairsaxeobaze, codnaze, molodi-

nebsa da im unarebze, romlebsac Semswavlelebi davalebis Sesasruleblad

iyeneben? akeTeben amas maswavleblebi?

1. 1. 2. sakomunikacio enis kompetencia (punqti 5.2)

sakomunikacio enis kompetenciis ganviTarebisaTvis staJiorebma da mas-

wavleblebma unda

1. icodnen, rom aseTi kompetencia Sedgeba:

(i) sociolingvisturi komponentisagan _ magaliTad, socialuri Tavyri-

lobebis gancda, enobrivi ritualebi sazogadoebaSi da a. S. ...

(ii) lingvisturi komponentisagan _ magaliTad, leqsikuri, fonologi-

uri, sintaqsuri codna da unarebi;

(iii) pragmatuli komponentisagan _ magaliTad, interaqtiuli urTierT-

gacvlis farglebSi, metyvelebis daxvewa, Tanamimdevruloba, ironiulobis mix-

vedra a. S.

2. magaliTebis motaniT warmoadginon da gaiTvaliswinon aseTi kompeten-

ciebi TavianT praqtikaSi, saklaso oTaxis farglebSi.

axdens Tqveni programebi am komponentebis analizs da uzrunvelyofs

SesaZleblobebs staJiorebisaTvis, rom maT SemswavlelebSi ganaviTaron codnis

es formebi da unarebi? xdeba Tu ara maswavleblebis mxridan aseTi codnis ga-

ziareba?

2. 1. 3. enobrivi aqtivobebi (punqti 4.4)

enis momxmareblis / Semswavlelis sakomunikacio enis kompetencia aqtiv-

izdeba sxvadasxva enobrivi aqtivobebis meSveobiT, romlebic ukavSirdeba re-

cefcias, producirebas, interaqcias, an mediacias, (gansakuTrebiT, Targmnisas),

TiToeuli aqtivoba gvxvdeba zepiri an werilobiTi formiT, an erTdroulad

orive formiT.

107

mkiTxvelebma, miawoda ra maT kompetenciebma aRniSnuli enobrivi

aqtivobebis magaliTebi, (ix. 2.1.2_ 2.1.3) SeiZleba ganixilon, Tu ramdenad isaxavs

miznad maTi trening-programebi staJiorebis kompetenciis ganviTarebas, an TviT

isini, rogorc maswavleblebi, igoneben Tu ara:

1. interaqtiul saswavlo aqtivobebs, romlebSic sul mcire ori adamiani

monawileobs zepir da werilobiT urTierTgacvlaSi, producirebisa da recef-

ciis monacvleobis pirobebSi;

2. recefciul da produqtiul enobriv aqtivobebs, sadac studenti marto

moqmedebs, kiTxulobs, ismens, saubrobs an wers partnioris gareSe;

3. mediaciis werilobiT da / an zepir aqtivobebs, Targmanis, Sejamebis an

Canaweris meSveobiT, rom mesame mxarisaTvis moxdes teqstis originalis (re)

formulireba, radgan misTvis es teqsti uSualod xelmisawvdomi ar aris.

urigo ar iqneba, im formebis ganxilva, romlebic SeiZleba gaaCndes

sxvadasxva enobriv aqtivobebs, sxvadasxva asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone

SemswavlelebTan mimarTebaSi: agreTve ìmis gaTvaliswineba, Tu rogor xdeba am

aqtivobebis organizeba da ganxorcieleba maswavleblebisa da Semswavlelebis

mier, sxvadasxva situaciaSi (skolaSi, saxlSi, sxva adamianebTan urTierTobaSi,

marto yofnisas da a. S.)

2. 1. 4. kompetenciebis enobrivi aqtivobebi sxvadasxva sferoebSi (punqti

4.1.1)

kompetenciebi aRniSnavs, rom sferoebis mravalgvarobis miuxedavad enis

SeswavlasTan mimarTebaSi isini Semdegnairad klasificirdeba: sazogadoebrivi

sfero, pirovnuli sfero, saganmanaTleblo sfero da profesiuli sfero.

sazogadoebrivi sfero exeba yvelafers, rac dakavSirebulia Cveulebriv

socialur interaqciasTan (biznes da administraciuli organoebi, sazogadoe-

brivi momsaxureba, sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis kulturuli da gasarTobi

aqtivobebi, mediasTan urTierToba da a.S) amas emateba pirovnuli sfero, ro-

melic moicavs ojaxur urTierTobebsa da individualur socialur praqtikas.

profesiuli sfero moicavs yvelafers, rac dakavSirebulia agentis

aqtivobebsa da urTierTobebTan profesiuli moRvaweobis WrilSi. saganmanaTle-

blo sfero exeba swavlis treningis konteqsts (rac, Cveulebriv institucion-

aluri xasiaTis matarebelia), sadac ZiriTadi mizani aris specifikuri codnisa

da unarebis SeZena.

Tqveni trening-programa amzadebs staJiorebs ise, rom maT SesZlon, an

maswavleblebs SeuZliaT:

1. gansazRvron, romeli sfero / sferoebi miesadageba konkretul Semswav-

lelebs?

2. Seqmnan saswavlo masalebi, romlebic urTierTobaSi iqneba kompeten-

ciebSi gansazRvrul sferoebTan (2.1.4)?

xom ar migaCniaT, rom zogierTi sfero ufro metad miesadageba calkeuli

asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone Semswavlelebs, an SemswavlelTa iseT kate-

gorias, romelsac specifikuri moTxovnebi da miznebi gaaCnia?

2. 1. 5. davalebebi (kompetenciebi 7), strategiebi (punqti 4.4) da teqstebi

(punqti 4.6)

`komunikacia da swavla moicavs davalebebis Sesrulebas, rac gulisx-

mobs davalebebs ara mxolod enaSi, (maSinac ki, roca isini moicavs enobriv

aqtivobebs) da moTxovnebis dawesebas individis sakomunikacio kompetenciasTan

mimarTebaSi. imdenad, ramdenadac es davalebebi arc rutinulia da arc av-

tomaturi, komunikaciasa da swavlaSi saWiroa strategiebis gamoyeneba. agreTve,

gamomdinare iqidan, rom am davalebaTa Sesruleba moicavs enobriv aqtivobebs,

108

Cndeba zepiri da werilobiTi teqstebis damuSavebis aucilebloba (recefciis,

producirebis, interaqciisa da mediaciis gziT)~ (kompetenciebi, gverdi 15).

Tqveni trening-programis farglebSi staJiorebs aqvT saSualeba, rom ga-

naviTaron, an maswavleblebi ganaviTareben TavianT SemswavlelebSi:

1. saTanado strategiebs, davalebis xasiaTidan gamomdinare?

2. saTanado strategiebs, mTeli rigi davalebebis xasiaTidan gamomdinare?

mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba ainteresebdeT imis ganxilva, Tu ramdenad sasarge-

bloa studentebisa da maswavleblebisaTvis, kvalifikaciis asamaRlebel

kursebze davalebebisa da teqstebis gamoyeneba, rac moiTxovs imave saswavlo

strategiebs, romelTa ganviTarebac maswavleblebs surT TavianT Semswav-

lelebSi. magaliTad, kiTxvis stategiebis ilustrirebis mizniT, staJiorebsa da

maswavleblebs SeuZliaT scadon, ucnob enaze mocemuli teqstis wakiTxva. maT

SeiZleba sTxovon im strategiebis CamoTvla da aRwera, romlebic maT mier ga-

moyenebul iqna mTeli rigi davalebebis Sesasruleblad TiToeul teqstTan mi-

marTebaSi.

pirvelwyarodan miRebuli msgavsi gamocdileba da analizi xSirad sak-

maod damajereblad asaxavs kavSirs davalebas, strategiasa da teqsts Soris.

kompetenciebma ukve uzrunvelyo deskripciuli sqema (2.1). maswavleblebsa

da staJiorebs SeuZliaT ganixilon, Tu rogor SeiZleba Semswavlelis winsvlis

dagegmva da gaTvaliswineba. am mxriv, gamosadegia aq warmodgenili gansazRvreba.

misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia:

· Semswavlelis kvalificiurobis gansazRvrisaTvis, drois svlasTan

erTad;

· gamWvirvale da realisturi saswavlo amocanebis dasagegmad;

· saswavlo erTeulebis organizebisaTvis;

· winsvlis asaxvisaTvis;

· gangrZobadobis uzrunvelsayofad;

· kvalificiurobis TvalsazrisiT, miRwevebis Sesafaseblad.

SemswavlelTa winsvlis ganxilvisas, yuradsaRebia:

· SemTxveviT swavlis SesaZleblobebi;

· nawilobrivi kompetenciebis cnoba;

· saTanado standartebis dadgena da Sefaseba.

SekiTxva:

rogor unda moxdes winsvlisa da mdgradobis dagegmva, organizeba da Se-

faseba sxvadasxva kategoriisa da asakis SemswavlelebTan mimarTebaSi, maswav-

lebelTa treningis kursisa da swavlebis programis farglebSi? rogor ganavi-

TarebT am aspeqtebs?

109

nawili 3 _ zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi

nebismieri saxis swavlebas Tan axlavs Sefaseba, rasac SeiZleba orgvari

orientacia gaaCndes:

· ris keTeba SeuZlia Semswavlels:

Semswavlelisa da / an maswavleblis mier gamoyenebisaTvis.

· ramdenad kargad asrulebs igi:

Semswavlelisa da / an maswavleblisaTvis, diagnostikis da / an Sefasebis

konteqstSi gamosayeneblad.

me-3 Tavi exeba enis Seswavlis deskrifciasa da Sefasebas, da gvTavazobs

zogadi kompetenciebis doneebs miRwevis sajaro aRiarebisaTvis.

3.3 aq mocemuli cxrilebi cxadyofs or aspeqts. cxrili 1 asaxavs zogadi

kompetenciebis doneebs, romlebic ufro gamartivebuli saxiT gvawvdis infor-

macias Semswavlelis Sesaxeb, globaluri prezentaciebis formiT. cxrili 2

TviTSefasebis magaliTia da daxmarebas gauwevs Semswavlelebs, rom `gan-

sazRvron Tavisi mTavari enobrivi unarebi garkveuli profiliT... da Seafason

sakuTari codnis done~ (kompetenciebi gverdi 25).

3.4 cxrili 3 miznad isaxavs, aRweros Semswavlelis kompetencia sizustis,

Tavisuflad flobis, interaqciisa da Tanamimdevrulobis TvalsazrisiT,

zogadi kompetenciebis doneebTan misadagebiT.

SekiTxva:

maswavlebelTa treningis kursisa da swavlebis programis farglebSi,

rogor axdenT enis Seswavlis deskripciisa da Sefasebis ilustrirebas? Tu

Temis ilustrirebas axdenT erovnul doneze SeTanxmebuli sistemis saSuale-

biT, ramdenad miesadageba igi kompetenciebSi warmodgenil sam cxrils? war-

moadgens es cxrilebi Tqvens konteqstSi ukve arsebuli sistemebis da im

novaciuri praqtikis ganxilvis safuZvels, rac staJiorebsa da maswavleblebs

eqsperimentirebis saSualebas miscemda?

nawili 4 _ enis gamoyeneba da enis momxmarebeli / Semswavleli

es Tavi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania maTTvis, vinc pasuxismgebelia an

monawileobs mosamzadebeli an kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli programebis

dagegmvaSi, uzrunvelyofasa da / an SefasebaSi. igi, aseve mniSvnelovania mas-

wavleblebisaTvis, gamomdinare iqidan, rom aqcents akeTebs Semswavlelze da

ganixilavs sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebsa da procesebs, teqstebs, momxmareblis

/ Semswavlelis kompetenciebsa da strategiebs. mkiTxvelebma SeiZleba swored am

aspeqtebis xilva isurvon maswavlebelTa trening-programebisa da profesiuli

ganviTarebis ZiriTad mimarTulebebad. TiToeuli aspeqti saWiroebs ganxilvas,

ilustrirebasa da Sesrulebas, rom Semswavlelebma, romlebzec Cven vagebT

pasuxs, kompetenturad da darwmunebiT ganaviTaron enis Seswavlis procesi.

4. 1. 1. sferoebi

ènis gamoyenebis yoveli aqti ganixileba calkeuli situaciis konteqstSi,

erT-erTi sferos farglebSi (moRvaweobis an interesis sferoebi), sadac xdeba

socialuri cxovrebis organizeba. im sferoebis SerCevas, romelTa farglebSic

xdeba Semswavlelebis samoqmedod momzadeba, didi mniSvneloba aqvs situaciebis,

saswavlo da sagamocdo masalebisa da aqtivobebisaTvis, miznebis, davalebebis,

110

Temebisa da teqstebis seleqciis TvalsazrisiT~. maswavlebelTa trenerebs

SeiZleba dasWirdeT sakuTar staJiorebTan ganxilva, xolo maswavleblebs gaT-

valiswineba ìm motivaciisa~ rac ganapirobebs mocemuli etapisaTvis Sesaferis

sferoebis SerCevas ise, rom arCevani samomavlodac marTebuli iyos. magaliTad,

bavSvebi, axdenen ra koncentirebas im interesze, romelic axla amoZravebT,

SesaZloa ukeT motivirebulni iyvnen. magram, meore mxriv, swored am interesze

koncentrirebam SeiZleba SeuSalos xeli maT momzadebas samomavlod, zrdas-

rulTa garemoSi komunikaciisaTvis~. (kompetenciebi gverdi 45)

enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis zogad miznebTan mimarTebaSi SeiZleba

friad gamosadegi iyos, sul mcire, Semdegi sferoebis garCeva:

· pirovnuli sfero, romlis farglebSic konkretuli adamiani cxovrobs

rogorc kerZo piri, koncentrirebuli ojaxur cxovrebasa da megobrebze.

· sazogadoebrivi sfero, sadac konkretuli adamiani moqmedebs,

rogorc sazogadoebis an calkeuli organizaciis wevri, da sxvadasxva mizne-

bidan gamomdinare, monawileobs mravali saxis tranzaqciaSi.

· profesiuli sfero, romlis farglebSic konkretuli adamiani da-

kavebulia sakuTari profesiuli saqmianobiT.

· saganmanaTleblo sfero, sadac konkretuli adamiani eweva organ-

izebul swavlas, ZiriTadad (magram ara aucileblad) saganmanaTleblo dawese-

bulebis farglebSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom situaciebis umravlesoba aerTianebs ramdenime sferos.

magaliTad, sayidlebze siaruls, gareT kvebas da a. S. xSirad ganixilaven

erTgvar pirovnul aspeqtSic. maswavleblis SemTxvevaSi, xSiria profesiuli da

saganmanaTleblo sferoebis Tanxvedra.

maswavleblebsa da maswavlebelTa trenerebs SeiZleba survili gauCndeT

kursis dagegmvis Semdegnairad ganxilvisa:

1. moicavs Tu ara igi sferos koncefciis ganxilvasa da ilustrirebas.

2. sferos koncefcias im saxiT, rogorc gaanalizebulia kompeten-

ciebSi, miesadagebs Tu ara erovnul politikas, erovnul kurikulumebs, kursis

saxelmZRvanelos Sinaarss, skolebis saswavlo programebs, samuSao ganrigebs an

gakveTilis Sinaarss.

3. cxadyofs Tu ara igi, rom sferoebis koncefcia zegavlenas axdens

da SeiZleba gardaiqmnas saswavlo Sinaarsis masalad, sxvadasxva asakisa da

SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelTaTvis.

4. 1. 2. situaciebi

yovel sferoSi, Seqmnili situaciebi SegviZlia aRvweroT Semdegnairad:

· adgilis mixedviT, sadac isini viTardeba, da drois mixedviT, roca is-

ini mimdinareobs;

· institutebisa da organizaciebis mixedviT, romelTa struqtura da

procedurebi kontrols uwevs mimdinare procesebs;

· monawile adamianebis mixedviT, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca isini

momxmareblis / Semswavlelis socialur rolSi gvevlinebian;

· irgvliv arsebuli sagnebis mixedviT (sulieri da usulo);

· mimdinare movlenebis mixedviT;

· operaciebis mixedviT, romlebsac asruleben monawileebi;

· teqstebis mixedviT, romlebic SeiZleba konkretul situaciaSi

Segvxvdes.

cxrili 5, warmoadgens ra Sejamebas, naTlad gviCvenebs, Tu rogor

SeiZleba sferoebis praqtikaSi ilustrireba, adgilis, institutebis, monawile

adamianebis, sagnebis, movlenebis, operaciebisa da teqstebis mixedviT.

111

maswavlebelTa trenerebs:

Tqveni trening-programa moicavs situaciebis ganxilvasa da analizs, rac

daexmareba student-maswavleblebsa da maswavleblebs, saswavlo procesi ise

dagegmon Sinaarsobrivad, rom pasuxobdes SemswavlelTa moTxovnebs, interesebs,

gancxadebas, safiqralsa da miswrafebebs?

maswavleblebs:

rogor axerxebT saswavlo procesis Sinaarsis misadagebas SemswavlelTa

moTxovnebTan, interesebTan, gancdebTan, safiqralsa da miswrafebebTan?


Tqveni programa acnobs staJiorebs iseT cxrilebs, rogoricaa kompeten-

ciebSi mocemuli cxrili 5: gareSe momxmarebelTaTvis, da / an msgavs cxrilebs,

romlebic SeiZleba gamoqveyndes erovnul kurikulumebSi an gamomcdelTa sila-

busebSi?

ra sargebeli moaqvs aseT cxrilebs kvalifikaciis amaRlebis an momzade-

bis TvalsazrisiT?

aseTi cxrilebis ganxilvisas, staJiorebs SegviZlia SevTavazoT im

zegavlenis gamokvleva, romelsac gakveTilis dagegmvasa da swavlebaze axdens

kurikulumi, organizebuli gansazRvruli sferoebis koncefciisa da gareSe

situaciebis, an gramatikuli Taviseburebebisa da gramatikuli winsvlis mixed-

viT.

maswavleblebs:

ra gavlenas axdens gakveTilis dagegmvasa da swavlebaze kurikulumi, ro-

melic organizebulia gansazRvruli sferoebis koncefciisa da gareSe situa-

ciebis, an gramatikuli Taviseburebebisa da gramatikuli winsvlis mixedviT?

4. 1. 3. pirobebi da SezRudvebi

gare pirobebi, romelTa farglebSic mimdinareobs komunikacia, mraval-

nairad zRudavs momxmarebels / Semswavlels da mis Tanamosaubreebs, saubaria:

· fizikur pirobebze

· socialur pirobebze

· drois wnexze

Tqveni treningi / saswavlo programa iTvaliswinebs da Sesabamisad,

1. ganixilavs, Tu rogor zemoqmedebs Semswavlelebze is fizikuri pi-

robebi, romlis farglebSic maT mouwevT komunikacia?

2. ganixilavs imas, Tu ra zegavlenas moaxdens TanamosaubreTa raodenoba

da Taviseburebani, Semswavlelebze?

3. ganixilavs, Tu drois rogor wnexs qveS mouwevs Semswavlels mo-

qmedeba?

4. aanalizebs, ra SeiZleba warmoadgendes sirTules mocemuli pirobebisa

da SezRudvebis farglebSi?

5. sxvadasxva asakisa da SesaZleblobis mqone SemswavlelTaTvis,

SeimuSavebs msgavsi sirTuleebis momcvel saswavlo masalebs / situaciebs?


uzrunvelyofT Tqven staJiorebs iseTi SesaZleblobiT, rom Tavad gamo-

scadon da Semdeg gaanalizon mTeli rigi gare pirobebi, romelTa farglebSic

xdeba komunikacia?

112

4. 1. 4. da 4. 1. 5. momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mentaluri konteqsti da

Tanamosaubris / TanamosaubreTa mentaluri konteqsti

kompetenciebis am punqts ramdenime elementi moeZebneba, romlebic

SeiZleba mivusadagoT maswavleblebs, maswavlebelTa trenerebs da maT gagebas

sakuTar SemswavlelebTan mimarTebaSi. gakveTilis dagegmva da uzrunvelyofa

gaumjobesdeba, Tu maT ecodinebaT sakuTari Semswavlelebis moTxovnebi, Sina-

gani muxti, motivacia, agreTve, is grZnobebi, ideebi da STabeWdilebebi, romel-

Tac isini aqsoven mocemul enaze komunikaciaSi. maswavleblebma da staJiorebma

unda gaaTviTcnobieron Semswavlelebi, rom Tanamosaubre zogjer iziarebs

msgavs Rirebulebebs, mrwamss, Tavazianobis pirobiTobas, motivacias da a. S. ma-

gram zogjer _ naklebad. `gamonaklisia SemTxveva, roca isini interkulturu-

lad gaTviTcnobierebulni arian~. (kompetenciebi gverdi 51). SegviZlia maTi

stimulireba, rom dafiqrdnen, zogadad, maswavleblisa da Semswavlelis

urTierTobaze da komunikaciaze-saklaso oTaxis farglebSi.


Tqveni trening-programa Tu cdilobs, daexmaros student-maswavleblebs

an maswavleblebs:

1. gaiTvaliswinon Semswavlelis mentaluri konteqsti da / an Tanamo-

saubris mentaluri konteqsti?

2. waaxalison Semswavlelebi sakuTar gamocdilebaze dasafiqreblad?

3. moamzadon Semswavlelebi adaptirebisaTvis, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi?

maswavleblebs:

Tqven, rogorc maswavleblebi, rogor pasuxobT mocemul sam SekiTxvas?

4. 2. sakomunikacio Temebi

dawyebiTi da saSualo skolebis saswavlo programebi xSirad moicavs

calkeul identificirebad Temebs. isini SeiZleba iyofodes kategoriebad, ro-

melTa meSveobiTac xdeba programis an samuSao ganrigis organizeba, an SeiZleba

integrirebuli iyos swavlebaSi, naklebad stuqturizebuli saxiT. sferoebis

mixedviT SesaZlebelia mTeli rigi Temebis gamoyofa.

es Temebi xSirad moicavs:

1. pirovnul identifikacias;

2. saxls, garemos;

3. yoveldRiur cxovrebas

4. Tavisufal dros, garTobas

5. mogzaurobas, a.S

yoveli maTgani SeiZleba qveTemebad daiyos. magaliTad, Tavisufali dro

da garToba SesaZlebelia Semdegnairad daiyos:

1. mocaleoba da dasveneba

2. gatacebebi da interesebi

3. radio da televizia

4. kino, Teatri, koncerti da a.S

Semdgom kategorizacias SegviZlia ufro specifikuri saxe mivceT. ma-

galiTad, sportis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba iyos:

1. sportuli adgilebi: moedani, mindori, stadioni.

2. institutebi da organizaciebi: sporti, gundi, klubi

3. adamianebi: moTamaSe

4. sagnebi: karti, burTi a. S.

113

kompetenciebSi CamoTvlili Temebi, qveTemebi da a. S. (pirovnuli identi-

fikacia, saxli, garemo da yoveldRiuri cxovreba, Tavisufali dro, garToba a.

S.). ukavSirdeba SemswavlelTa savaraudo sakomunikacio moTxovnebs.


Tqveni trening-programa:

1. stimuls aZlevs da exmareba staJiorebs TavianTi Semswavlelebis

moTxovnebis dadgenaSi / gansazRvraSi?

2. gviCvenebs, rogor unda Seiqmnas saswavlo programa, msgavsi analizis

Sedegebis mixedviT?

3. asaxavs da eqsperiments atarebs TviTmiRwevasa da saswavlo pro-

gramebze?

maswavleblebs:

Tqven:

1. adgenT / gansazRvravT SemswavlelTa moTxovnebs?

2. qmniT saswavlo programas msgavsi analizis Sedegebis mixedviT?

3. asaxavT da eqsperiments atarebT TviTmiRwevasa da saswavlo

programebze?

roca xdeba staJiorebis maswavleblebad momzadeba an sxvadasxva asko-

brivi jgufebis / Semswavlelebis swavleba, urigo ar iqneba davfiqrdeT:

1. romeli Temebi, qveTemebi da specifikuri cnebebi SeiZleba dasWirdeT

Semswavlelebs SerCeul sferoebSi, an romlebTan SeiZleba mosTxovon muSaoba,

gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca gaTvaliswinebulia Semswavlelis arCevani da mas-

wavleblis iniciativa, rogorc es xdeba, magaliTad, zogierT erovnul kon-

teqstSi

2. Semswavlelebi rogor reagireben / rogor surT adaptireba an

Secvla im enis / enebis Tematikisa, romlebsac aswavlian.

4. 3. sakomunikacio davalebebi da miznebi

4. 3. 2. amboben, rom SemswavlelebisaTvis `Zalze mravlismetyvelia da mo-

tivaciis mimcemia konkretul davalebaTa, rogorc saswavlo amocanaTa, specifi-

kacia(...). sakuTar SemswavlelTa moTxovnebze dafiqreba ki, praqtikosebis saqmea,

rasac unda mohyves (...) SemswavlelTaTvis sakomunikacio davalebebis gansaz-

Rvra~.

Tqveni treningi / saswavlo programa:

1. astimulirebs calkeul davalebaTa specifikis gansazRvras, mocemul

SemswavlelebTan mimarTebaSi?

2. aqcevs aseTi davalebis specifikis gansazRvras gakveTilis dagegmvis, an

saswavlo aqtivobaTa dadgenis xilul da farul elementad?

3. Tu aseTi specifikacia saTanadodaa miCneuli, ikvlevs misi ganxor-

cielebis saSualebebs konkretul enasTan mimarTebaSi?

4. aanalizebs rogori iqneba efeqti, Tu davalebis specifikis gansazRvra

xdeba i) Semswavlelis mier, ii) maswavleblis mier, Semswavlelis moTxovnaTa Se-

fasebiT, an mis gareSe?

114

4. 3. 3. davalebebi (ix. agreTve, SeniSvnebi kompetenciebi 7-ze)

didia sxvaoba ìm davalebebs Soris, romlebTan gamklavebac moeTxovebaT

Semswavlelebs, rogorc enis momxmareblebs da romlebsac asruleben, rogorc

TviT enis Seswavlis procesis Semadgenel nawils~.


1. ganmartavs am sxvaobas?

2. axdens im davalebaTa ilustrirebas, romelTa Sesrulebac Semswav-

lelebs moeTxovebaT saganmanaTleblo sferoSi

a) rogorc marTuli, mizanze orientirebuli interaqciebis, proeqtirebis,

simulaciebis, rolebis gaTamaSebis da a. S. monawileT.

b) sxva mxriv, roca L3 gamoiyeneba instruqtirebis saSualebad i) TviT enis

swavlebaSi, ii) kurikulumiT gaTvlili sxva sagnebis, a. S. swavlebaSi?

3. moicavs aseTi davalebebis gamoyenebisa da Sefasebis ilustracias?

4. 3. 4. _ 4. 3. 5. TavSesaqcevi da esTetikuri aqtivobebi da enis gamoyeneba

Tqveni trening-programa astimulirebs staJiorebs, an Tqven rogorc mas-

wavlebeli igonebT, eqsperiments atarebT an afasebT saswavlo situaciebs,

TamaSebs, Tavsatexebs, TamaSis saSualebebs, verbalur xumrobebs, enis warmosax-

viT da artistul gamoyenebas, a.S?

4. 4. sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebi da strategiebi

tradiciulad, sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebi ganisazRvreboda, rogorc

kiTxva da mosmena (recefciuli unarebi), metyveleba da wera (produqtiuli

unarebi).

4. 4. 1. _ 4. 4. 4. es punqtebi ufro xelsayreli saxiT, ganmartebulia kompe-

tenciebSi, rogorc:

produqtiuli: zepiri producireba (metyveleba)

werilobiTi producireba (wera)

producirebis strategiebi

recefciuli: msmenelobiTi recefcia (mosmena)

vizualuri recefcia (kiTxva)

audio-vizualuri recefcia

recefciis strategiebi

interaqtiuli: sasaubro interaqcia

werilobiTi interaqcia

interaqciis strategiebi

mediacia: (erTgvari sakomunikacio arxis funciis Sesruleba or adamians

Soris, romelTac uSualod komunikacia ar ZaluZT. xSirad, magram ara au-

cileblad, komunikacia xdeba sxvadasxva enebze).

115

mediaciis aqtivobebi da strategiebi

Tqveni trening-programa moicavs staJiorebis unaris ganviTarebas imisT-

vis, rom maT:

1. Seqmnan / SearCion zepiri producirebis (metyveleba) aqtivobebi speci-

fikuri asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelebisaTvis;

2. Seqmnan / SearCion werilobiTi aqtivobebi specifikuri asakisa da

SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelTaTvis, maTi, rogorc mkiTxvelTa savaraudo

kategoriis, definiciiT;

3. Seqmnan / SearCion recefciuli aqtivobebi (mosmena da kiTxva, audio-

vizualuri recefcia) specifikuri asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone Semswav-

lelebisaTvis, romlebic moicavs mosmenis / kiTxvis saTanado unarebis ganvi-

Tarebasac, roca mocemulia mosmenis / kiTxvis saSualebebi da miznebi;

4. Seqmnan / SearCion interaqtiuli (sasaubro) aqtivobebi specifikuri

asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelebisaTvis, rac agreTve, moicavs:

i) recefciisa da producirebis strategiebis ganviTarebas

ii) kognituri da TanamSromlobiTi strategiebis ganviTarebas da in-

teraqciaSi Sesrulebuli rolebis aRiarebas;

5. Seqmnan / SearCion interaqtiuli (werilobiTi) aqtivobebi specifikuri

asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelTaTvis, rac agreTve, moicavs ko-

munikacias adamiansa da manqanas Soris, programuli uzrunvelyofis gamoyenebiT;

6. Seqmnan / SearCion mediaciis aqtivobebi specifikuri asakisa da

SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelebisaTvis, rac, agreTve moicavs zepir da

werilobiT mediacias?

Tqven, rogorc maswavlebeli, asrulebT yvelafer amas?

rogor gamoiyenebdiT ilustraciul skalebs maswavlebelTa trening /

saswavlo programaSi?

iqneboda Tu ara es yvelaferi safuZveli detaluri dagegmvisa da Sesa-

bamisi ukukavSirisa sxvadasxva asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone Semswavleleb-

Tan da / an TviTSefasebasTan mimarTebaSi?

4. 4. 5. araverbaluri komunikacia

xom ar migaCniaT, rom araverbaluri komunikaciis aspeqtebi unda figuri-

rebdes maswavlebelTa trening / saswavlo programebSi? Tu es asea, romeli

aspeqtebi gsurT ixiloT da ra konteqstSi ganviTarebuli?

4. 5. sakomunikacio enis procesebi

es procesebi Sejamebulia kompetenciebSi (4.5.1 _ 4.5.3) rogorc:

1. dagegmva

2. Sesruleba

_ producireba

_ recefcia

_ interaqcia

3. monitoringi

sakomunikacio enis yvela procesi bolomde gagebuli ar aris, Tumca

calkeuli procesebis etapebi, romlebic dakvirvebis qveSaa, savsebiT gasagebia.

116


1. ras akeTebs Tqveni programa imisaTvis, rom staJiorebi ukeT aTviTcno-

bierebdnen da igebdnen metyvelebisa da weris producirebasa da recefciaSi

CarTul fsiqologiur, fiziologiur da fizikur procesebs?

2. amzadebs Tqveni progrma staJiorebs imisaTvis, rom maT SesZlon moce-

mul enaze, (a) aRqmisa da (b) sametyvelo bgerebis warmoTqmisas, Semswavlelebis

mier daSvebuli Secdomebis amocnoba da Sesworeba?

3. ra mniSvnelobas aniWebT enis Seswavlis am aspeqts?

maswavleblebs:

Tqveni saswavlo programa:

1. iTvaliswinebs metyvelebisa da weris producirebasa da recefciaSi

CarTul fsiqologiur, fiziologiur da fizikur procesebs?

2. miznad isaxavs mocemul enaze (a) aRqmisa da (b) sametyvelo bgerebis

warmoTqmisas, Semswavlelebis mier daSvebuli Secdomebis amocnobasa da

Sesworebas?

3. ra mniSvnelobas aniWebT enis Seswavlis am aspeqts?

4. 6. teqstebi

rogorc sasaubro, ise werilobiT teqstebs fundamenturi mniSvneloba

aqvs komunikaciaSi, maTi uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva saSualebebiT

(xma, telefoni, radio mauwyebloba, televizia, kinofilmebi, eleqtronuli

fosta, xelnawerebi, a. S.). TviT teqsti SEiZleba klasificirebul iqnes Semdegi

tipebis mixedviT:

sasaubro: sajaro gancxadebebi, komentarebi, debatebi, a. S.

werilobiTi: wignebi, saxelmZRvaneloebi, proklamaciebi, niSnebi a. S.


Tqveni programa uwevs megzurobas staJiorebs;

1. sasaubro / werilobiTi teqstebis tipebis SerCevaSi / SeqmnaSi?

2. sasaubro / werilobiTi teqstebis tipebis recefciul / produqtiul /

interaqciul da mediaciis mxriv gamoyenebaSi?

3.sxvadasxva asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelebisaTvis,

mTeli rigi saSualebebis interaqtiulad / recefciulad / produqtiulad da

mediaciis mxriv gamoyenebaSi?

maswavleblebs:

1. qmniT an iyenebT sasaubro / werilobiTi teqstis tipebs? ra kriteriu-

mebiT xdeba maTi SerCeva?

2. mimarTavT sasaubro / werilobiTi teqstis tipebis recefciul / produ-

qtiul / interaqciul da mediaciis mxriv gamoyenebas?

3. sxvadasxva asakisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone SemswavlelTaTvis, iyenebT

mTel rig saSualebebs recefciulad / produqtiulad / interaqtiulad an me-

diaciis mxriv?

4.6.1 _ 4.6.2-Si mocemuli teqstis sxvadasxva tipebi da maTi matarebeli

saSualebebi (4.6.2) SeiZleba Zalze daexmaros staJiorebsa da maswavleblebs,

saswavlo aqtivobebis dagegmvaSi, mTeli rigi SemswavlelebisaTvis. maswavle-

belTa trenerebsa da maswavleblebs SeiZleba gauCndeT survili imis ganxil-

visa, Tu romeli saSualebebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba dasWirdeT an mosTxovon

Semswavlelebs (a) recefciulad, (b) produqtiulad, (g) interaqtiulad da (d)

mediaciis mxriv. maswavlebelTa trenerebma SeiZleba agreTve isurvon imis ganx-

ilva, Tu rogor unda gaaTviTcnobieron staJiorebi, aRniSnul saSualebebsa da

maT gamoyenebaSi.

117

Tqveni trening / saswavlo programa miznad isaxavs:

1. ganaviTaros SemswavlelebSi saTanado unarebi, rogoricaa:

* mexsiereba

* gaSifrvis unarebi

* daskvnis gamotana

* prognozireba

* swrafad gadaxedva

* mixvedra, leqsikonebiT, gramatikis saxelmZRvaneloebiT sargebloba, a.

S.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom yvela es unari ver iqneba navaraudevi? (ix. 4.5)

2. ganaviTaros SemswavlelebSi moqmedebebis sityvebTan misadagebis unari

da piriqiT, drodadro kulturuli gansxvavebis gaTviTcnobierebiT? (ix. 4.4.5.1)

3. ganaviTaros SemswavlelebSi paralingvisturi yofaqceva; sxeulis ena,

damatebiTi enobrivi sametyvelo bgerebi, prosodiuli Tvisebebi, im kulturuli

gansxvavebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebmac SeiZleba ganapirobos mniSvnelobis

cvlileba? (ix. 4.4.5.2)

4. ganaviTaros SemswavlelebSi unari, werilobiT teqstebSi (a) amoicnon,

(b) reagireba moaxdinon da (g) gamoiyenon parateqstualuri maxasiaTeblebi?

(ix 4.4.5.3)

nawili 5 _ momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetenciebi

me-4 Tavma ganixila yvelaferi, ris Seswavlac mouwevT enis momxmareblebs

komunikaciis dasamyareblad. me-5 Tavi exeba im codnasa da unarebs (kompeten-

ciebs), romlebic maT moqmedebis saSualebas aZlevs. Tumca, saWiro ar aris

yvela CamoTvlili kompetenciis swavleba.

5.1. zogadi kompetenciebi

Semswavlelebi mTel rig kompetenciebs aqsoven saswavlo davalebaSi. kom-

petenciebi maT Semdegnairad aRwers:

5. 1. 1. deklaraciuli codna (savoir)

(I) codna samyaros Sesaxeb;

(II) sociokulturuli codna;

(III) kulturaTaSoris gaTviTcnobierebuloba;

Tqveni trening-programa an swavleba iZleva SesaZleblobebs imisaTvis,

rom:

1. mikvleul iqnes ufro meti, Semswavlelis kompetenciebis mxriv?

2. Sefasdes, Tu ra axali gamocdilebis an codnis daufleba sWirdebaT

Semswavlelebs samyaros Sesaxeb, rom daakmayofilon meore enis komunikaciuri

moTxovnebi?

3. SemswavlelebSi ganviTardes gaTviTcnobierebuloba, sakuTar da sxva

kulturebs Soris urTierTobis Sesaxeb, rac ganapirobebs saTanado kultura-

TaSoris kompetenciis ganviTarebas?

5. 1. 2. unarebi da nou-hau (savoir-faire)

kompetenciebSi gansazRvruli momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetencia

aseve moicavs:

IV) praqtikul unarCvevebsa da nou-haus _ savoir faire; V) kulturaTaSoris unarebsa da nou-haus.

118

Tqveni trening-programa an swavleba aZlevs Semswavlelebs saSualebas:

1. ganaviTaron praqtikuli unar-Cvevebi, kulturaTaSoris unarebi da sa-

Tanado nou-hau?

2. gamoscadon konkretuli kultura?

3. Seasrulon kulturuli Suamavlis funqcia?

5. 1. 3. egzistencialuri kompetencia (savoir-être)

Semswavlelebs aseve gaaCniaT sakuTari midgomebi, motivacia, Rirebule-

bebi, mrwamsi, kognituri stili da pirovnuli faqtorebi, rac zegavlenas axdens

ara mxolod maT rolze, sakomunikacio aqtebSi, aramed maT swavlis unarzec.

Tqveni trening-programa iTvaliswinebs Semswavlelis xasiaTis Tavisebu-

rebebs? gansazRvravs is, Tu ra zegavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos am Tavisebure-

bebma enis Seswavlaze da rogor SeiZleba maTi gaTvaliswineba enis SeswavlaSi,

swavlebasa da SefasebaSi? migaCniaT Tu ara, rom enis swavlebam unda scados

sakuTari wvlilis Setana Semswavlelis pirovnebis ganviTarebaSi da Tu es asea

rogor?

5. 1. 4. swavlis unari (savoir apprendre)

swavlis unari aris ùnari, daakvirde da gaxde axali situaciebis Tana-

monawile, Seavso ukve arsebuli codna axliT da es ukanaskneli gardaqmna

saWiroebisamebr: (kompetenciebi, gverdi 106) es unari ramdenime komponentisagan

Sedgeba:

1. enobrivi da komunikaciuri gaTviTcnobierebuloba (5.1.4.1)

2. zogadi fonetikuri unarebi (5.1.4.2)

3. mecadineobis unari (5.1.4.3)

4. evristikuli unarebi (5.1.4.4.)

Tqveni trening-programa an swavleba, iZleva zemoxsenebuli oTxi kate-

goriis unarebis ganviTarebisa da swavlasa da enis gamoyenebaSi SemswavlelTa

damoukideblobis xarisxis gazrdis saSualebas?

rogor fiqrobT, ra asakidan unda daiwyos cnobierebis zrdis programa?

rogor dagegmavdiT aRniSnuli kategoriis unarebis ganviTarebas Semswav-

lelebSi?

sakomunikacio enis kompetencia

kompetenciebis am punqts udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs maswavlebelTa da mas-

wavlebelTa trenerebis treningis saqmeSi miuxedavad imisa, treningi momzadebas

emsaxureba Tu kvalifikaciis amaRlebas, dawyebiT doneze tardeba, Tu saSu-

aloze. igi aqcents akeTebs ènobrivi kompetenciis ZiriTadi komponentebis

identificirebasa da kvalificirebaze, rac ganisazRvreba, rogorc formaluri

resursebis codna da maTi gamoyenebis unari. swored am resursebidan SeiZleba

movuyaroT Tavi da CamovayaliboT kargad formirebuli, mravlismTqmeli Setyo-

binebebi~. staJiorebsa da maswavleblebs kargad unda esmodeT, ra igulisxmeba

enobriv kompetenciaSi, rom Tanamimdevrulad da drosTan misadagebiT dagegmon

is, rac unda aswavlon da rac Semswavlelebma unda iswavlon. es codna saWiroa

imisaTvis, rom maT SesZlon SemswavlelTa kompetenciis aRwera da progresis

mizniT, misi davTarSi Setana da detalurad, yovlismomcvelad skalireba.

gadawyvetilebebi mokle da grZelvadiani amocanebis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba

daefuZnos zemoT warmodgenil gagebas. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom es Tavi, me-4

TavTan erTad, ayalibebs, ris `keTeba SeuZlia bolomde kompetentur enis momx-

marebels da ra saxis codna, unarebi da midgomebi xdis am aqtivobebs SesaZle-

119

bels~. aRniSnuli Tavebi uzrunvelyofs yovlismomcvel sqemas, romelic meg-

zurobas gauwevs sxvadasxva moTxovnebis, SesaZleblobebisa da motivaciis mqone

Semswavlelebs, maTi individualuri da koleqtiuri amocanebidan gamomdinare.

zogierTi aspeqti SeiZleba Seuswavleli darCes, zogierTi nawilobriv iqneba

Seswavlili da zogic _ siRrmiseulad.

mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba hqondeT survili, ganixilon:

1. rogor da ra moculobiT unda moicavdes saswavlo da trening-

programebi leqsikuri kompetenciis, gramatikuli kompetenciis, semantikuri kom-

petenciisa da fonologiuri kompetenciis definicias, ganxilvisa da magaliTe-

biT ilustrirebas (5.2.1.1 _ 5.2.1.4)

2. romel leqsikur elementebs iTvaliswinebs staJiori an maswavlebeli

imisaTvis, rom Semswavlelebma scadon da / an gamoiyenon (5.2.1.1)

3. romel gramatikul elementebs, klasebs (5.2.1.2), struqturebs, procesebsa

da kavSirebs, sintaqss iTvaliswinebs staJiori an maswavlebeli imisaTvis, rom

Semswavlelebma scadon da / an gamoiyenon da / an ganmarton pirveli da meore

enis gamoyeneba;

4. ra:

* semantikur kompetencias (sinonimebi, antonimebi, Targmanis ekvivalen-

turoba, a.S)

* fonologiur kompetencias (maxvili winadadebebSi, riTmi, intonacia).

* orTografiul kompetencias (sityvebis marTlwera, punqtuaciis gamoye-

neba a.S)

* orToepiul kompetenciebs (marTlweris pirobiTobis codna, leqsikoniT

sargeblobis unari a.S) (5.2.1-5.2.6)

iTvaliswinebs staJiori an maswavlebeli da swavlebis romel etapze, rom

Semswavlelebma SesZlon zrda / demonstrireba;

5. ra moculobiT unda miawodon staJiorebma da maswavleblebma TavianT

Semswavlelebs

(a) mSobliuri enis gramatika

(b) Sesaswavli enis gramatika

(g) codna maT kontrastul kavSirze;

da romeli metaena unda iqnes gamoyenebuli axsna-ganmartebaSi, staJioris,

maswavleblis an Semswavlelis mier, da unda gakeTdes Tu ara es pirvel da

meore enaSi;

6. socialuri pirobiTobis, Tavazianobis pirobiTobis, reestris sxvadas-

xvagvarobis, brZnuli xalxuri gamonaTqvamebis, dialeqtebisa da aqcentebis ro-

meli markerebiT unda daexmaron staJiorebi da maswavleblebi TavianT Semswav-

lelebs, rom maT

(a) icnon

(b) gamoiyenon (5.2.2.1-5.2.2.5);

7. metyvelebis kompetenciis romeli aspeqtebiT (winadadebebis dawyoba,

Tanamimdevrobis miRweva, saTanado stilisa da reestris gamoyeneba da a.S). unda

daexmaron staJiorebi da maswavleblebi Semswavlelebs kontrolsa da / an de-

monstrirebaSi;

8. funqcionaluri kompetenciis romeli aspeqtebiT (5.2.3.2)

* mikro funqciebi (identificireba, komentari, a.S)

* makrositairi (deskrifcia, Txroba, komentari, a.S)

* interaqciis sqemebi (socialuri interaqciis nimuSebi)

unda daexmaron staJiorebi da maswavleblebi Semswavlelebs kontrolsa

da / an demonstrirebaSi.

120

nawili 6 - enis Seswavla da enis swavleba

es nawili ganixilavs enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis procesebs da exeba

kavSirs dauflebasa da swavlas Soris, iseve, rogorc zogadi da ufro specifi-

kuri saxis meTodologiur ofciebs. momaval maswavleblebs da TviT maswavle-

blebsac sWirdebaT imis garkveva, Tu ,,rogor axerxeben Semswavlelebi Tavis

garTmevas davalebebis, aqtivobebisa da procesebisaTvis da komunikaciisaTvis

aucilebeli kompetenciebis SemuSavebas.~ swored amis codna ganapirobebs aR-

niSnuli procesebis ufro efeqtur winsvlas da gaadvilebas.

6. 1. ris swavla an daufleba uwevT Semswavlelebs?

swavla da daufleba damokidebulia im faqtorebze, romlebic dawvrile-

biT ganvixileT me-4 da me-5 TavebSi. swored am faqtorebidan gamomdinarea Rire-

buli staJiorebisa da maswavleblebis daxmareba imis dadgenaSi, Tu rogoria

Semswavlelebis miznebi, moTxovnebi, adrindeli codna, kognituri stili,

agreTve, kavSiri pirvel da Sesaswavl enas Soris. Tumca, kompetenciebi aRniS-

navs, rom dawyebiTi da saSualo skolis doneze, Znelia umcrosi asakis

Semswavlelebis profesiuli moTxovnebis ganWvreta. aqedan gamomdinare, enis

Seswavlas ufro meti gamarTleba unda hqondes. maswavleblebi da staJiorebi

principulad unda udgebodnen am gamarTlebis formulirebas da masTan da-

kavSirebuli saswavlo miznebisa da amocanebis aRweras. Tu calkeuli davale-

bebi, aqtivobebi da strategiebi ganixileba miznebad, saWiroa dadgindes krite-

riumebi, an ganisazRvros saSualebebi maT misaRwevad, agreTve, imis gasarkvevad,

Tu romeli maTgani unda iqnes Setanili an amoRebuli saswavlo programidan.

ra Tqma unda, dadgeba SemswavlelTa progresis sqematurad asaxvis aucileblo-

bac, rogorc raodenobrivi, ise xarisxobrivi TvalsazrisiT, rom Semswav-

lelebma SesZlon sakuTari kompetenciis da muSaobis Sefaseba. SesaZlebeli

gaxdeba swavlis dagegmva ufro sistemurad, detaluri, logikuri da Tanamim-

devruli standartis farglebSi.

kompetenciebis es Tavi ganixilavs saswavlo miznebs, yvela ZiriTadi sa-

kiTxis gansazRvriT, Semdgomi gaTvaliswinebisaTvis. is agreTve arkvevs, rogor

swavloben Semswavlelebi da ra saxiT SeuZliaT maswavleblebs maTi daxmareba

saswavlo procesSi. gamomdinare iqidan, rom detaluri skalireba ukve mocemu-

lia cxrilebSi 1 da 2 da me-3, me-4 TavebSi, monitoringis, Sefasebis, raportire-

bisa da Caweris dawvrilebiT ganxilvas aRar SevudgebiT. Tumca, mravalenovani

(plurilingvisturi) da mravalkulturuli (plurikulturuli) kompetenciebis

(6.1.3) profilis ganviTarebis ganxilva da ilustrireba SeiZleba sakmaod sa-

sargebloc ki aRmoCndes, Tu enis Seswavlis miznebi moicavs:

· identurobis ukeT gacnobierebas (ix. 6.1.3.1)

· davalebis Sesasruleblad saWiro strategiebis arCevanis Seqmnas

(6.1.3.2.)

· enobrivi da komunikaciuri gaTviTcnobierebulobis ganviTarebas

(6.1.3.3.)

maswavlebelTa trening-programaSi da im dagegmvaSi, romelsac maswavle-

beli axorcielebs, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba Semswavlelis kompetenciebis gan-

viTarebis mxedvelobaSi miRebas, rac ramdenadme aCqarebs (...) swavlas enobriv da

kulturul sferoebSi da `xels uwyobs enobrivi mravalferovnebisa da skolaSi

ramdenime enis swavlebis ufro metad dafasebas~. kompetenciebis Tanaxmad,

SemswavlelTa daxmarebis mTavari amocana unda iyos:

· maTi enobrivi da kulturuli identurobis Seqmna, masSi sxvadasx-

vagvarobis integraciis gziT.

121

· maTi swavlis unaris ganviTareba amave sxvadasxvagvarobis meSveobiT,

ramdenime enasa da kulturasTan mimarTebaSi~

maswavlebelTa trenerebma staJiorebTan erTad da maswavleblebma Tavi-

anT kolegebTan erTad, SeiZleba isurvon Semdegi sakiTxebis gadawyveta:

1. rogor daasabuTebdnen isini konkretul konteqstSi, ucxo enis Seswav-

lis aucileblobas (dawyebiTi an saSualo skola) da ra zogadi da specifikuri

miznebi eqnebodaT sakuTar Semswavlelebsa da saswavlo programasTan mimarTe-

baSi;

2. mravalenovnebis (plurilingvizmis) mniSvneloba enis SeswavlaSi, swav-

lebasa da SefasebaSi;

3. ra saxe unda mieces ucxo da mSobliuri enis maswavlebelTa

TanamSromlobas, SemswavlelTa mravalenovani (plurilingvuri) komunikaciuri

kompetenciis ganviTarebisaTvis.

6. 1. 4. amocanaTa cvalebadoba

aq warmodgenilia amocanaTa oTxi tipi swavlebisa da swavlis kuTxiT,

rac saWiroebs yuradRebiT ganxilvas maswavleblebisa da staJiorebis mxridan.

pirveli etapi moiazrebs zogadi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas (ix. punqti

5.1). igi SeiZleba aqcents akeTebdes `SemswavlelisaTvis deklaraciuli codnis

miwodebaze~, rac gulisxmobs `gramatikis, literaturis an mocemuli ucxo

qveynis kulturuli maxasiaTeblebis codnas~.

meore etapi ganixileba sakomunikacio enis kompetenciis ganvrcobisa da

gamravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT (ix. 5.2) misi mizani SeiZleba iyos sintaqsis,

fonetikuri sistemisa da a. S. kompetenturi gamoyeneba, an pragmatul Tu so-

ciolingvistur komponentebTan urTierToba.

amocanis mesame tipi SeiZleba ganisazRvros èrTi an ramdenime specifi-

kuri enobrivi aqtivobis ukeT Sesrulebis mixedviT~ (ix. Tavi 4.4) recefciaze,

producirebaze, interaqciaze an mediaciaze koncentrirebiT. es amocana zegav-

lenas moaxdens saswavlo davalebebis Sinaarsobriv SerCevaze, teqstis tipebis

arCevansa da seleqciaze da im gadawyvetilebebze, romelTa mixedviTac xdeba

winsvlis sturqturizeba. a. S.

meoTxe tipi SeiZleba exebodes TviT Semswavlelebs, romlebic, warmate-

biT moRvaweoben mocemul sferoSi (ix. Tavi 4.1.1). gamomdinare iqidan, rom am

tipis amocanis formulireba Sedegobrivad aisaxeba swavlebasa da swavlaze,

staJiorebs unda esmodeT, ras moicavs igi.

amocanaTa Sesasruleblad Semswavlelebi saWiroeben saTanado strategie-

bis SemuSavebas. maswavleblebisa da staJiorebisaTvis SeiZleba friad momgebi-

ani iyos strategiebis ganxilva da magaliTebis ilustrireba, msjeloba imaze,

Tu rogor SeiZleba maTi SemuSaveba da gaumjobeseba, rom swavla ufro

efeqturi da Sedegiani gaxdes.

davalebebi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes amocanebad, `romelTa Sesruleba

unda moxdes mocemuli sferos Sesabamisad~. amocanaTa davalebebis saxiT for-

mulirebas is upiratesoba gaaCnia, rom SesaZlebelia `savaraudo Sedegebis,

praqtikuli gagebiT, identificireba~. staJiorebi da maswavleblebi maleve

Seafaseben am formulirebis upiratesobas, roca SemswavlelTa moklevadiani

motivacia maTi pedagogiuri zrunvis erT-erTi sagani gaxdeba.

122

maswavlebelTa trenerebma da maswavleblebma SeiZleba gamoTqvan 6.1.4-Si

mocemul amocanaTa oTxi tipis ganxilvis survili. diskusiebma staJiorebTan da

kolegebTan, SeiZleba aqcenti gaakeTos imaze, Tu rogor asaxavs aseTi de-

finiciebi `saswavlo miznebis SesaZlo mravalferovnebas da im mravalferovne-

basac, romelsac SeiZleba wavawydeT swavlebis uzrunvelyofis mxriv~. restor-

nis mimtanis magaliTi (6.1.4.2) SesaZloa kargi dasawyisi iyos Semdegi aspeqtebis

ilustrirebisaTvis:

* koncentrireba konkretul sferoebze

* zepiri interaqcia

* komunikaciuri kompetencia aqcentiT:

_ calkeul leqsikur sferoebze

_ calkeul sociolingvistur normebze

_ savoir-être-s calkeul aspeqtebze.

diskusiebma staJiorebTan da kolegebTan SeiZleba uzrunvelyos sxva ma-

galiTebic, romlebic dagvanaxebs, Tu rogoria amocanaTa sxvadasxva tipebi maTi

gagebiT, da rogor unda moxdes maTi sistemurad da gaTviTcnobierebulad for-

mulireba.

6. 2. enis Seswavlis procesebi

kompetenciebis mizania, iyos amomwuravi, Ria, dinamiuri da aradogmaturi.

aqedan gamomdinare, igi ver miemxroba enis dauflebis Taviseburebasa da misi

enis SeswavlasTan kavSiris Sesaxeb mimdinare Teoriuli disputebis vercerT

pozicias. agreTve, igi ar asaxierebs enis swavlebasTan mimarTebaSi arsebul

arcerT konkretul midgomas. TviT kvleva ver uzrunvelyofs SexedulebaTa

konsensuss imis Taobaze, Tu rogor swavloben Semswavlelebi. Tumca, arsebuli

Teoriebi da praqtika swored maT emyareba. staJiorebis sasargeblod unda

iTqvas, rom trening-programebs moeTxovebaT im Teoriuli bazis zustad gansaz-

Rvra, romelsac efuZneba maTi praqtika; Tu adgili ar eqneba aseT gamWvir-

valeobas, staJiorebi ver SeZleben sakuTar mosazrebaTa saRad da principulad

Camoyalibebas. amasTan, mniSvnelovania, rom konkretuli trening-programis far-

glebSi, terminebi ènis daufleba~ da ènis swavla~ ganimartos Semdgomi gauge-

brobisa da araswori interpretaciis Tavidan asacileblad.

6. 2. 1. rogor swavloben Semswavlelebi?

Semswavlelebi yovelTvis ar swavloben imas, rasac aswavlian maswavle-

blebi; amasTan, isicaa gasaTvaliswinebeli, Tu rogoria aTvisebis xarisxi. Sesa-

bamisad, mniSvnelovania maswavleblebisa da staJiorebis mxridan SemswavlelTa

iseTi moTxovnis dakmayofileba, rogoricaa àrsebiTad konteqsturi da gasagebi

enis miwodeba da enis interaqtiuli gamoyenebisaTvis SesaZleblobaTa uzrun-

velyofa~. dagegmvis procesSi, saWiroa imis gacnobierebac, rom `swavlas aad-

vilebs, gansakuTrebiT, xelovnur saklaso pirobebSi, gacnobierebulad swav-

lisa da sakmarisi praqtikis kombinireba, radgan mcirdeba an saerTod aRar

eqceva yuradReba wera-kiTxvis sust unarebs da morfologiur da sintaqsur si-

zustes. samagierod, gonebaSi meti adgili rCeba ufro maRali donis sakomuni-

kacio strategiebisaTvis~.

mkiTxvelebma SeiZleba isurvon imis ganxilva, Tu rogor SeiZleba am yve-

lafris miRweva saswavlo / trening-programis farglebSi, ra saxis SesaZle-

blobebi unda Seiqmnas saklaso oTxSi da mis farglebs gareT, da konkretulad

ra igulisxmeba fizikur unarebSi...?

6. 3. ramdenime meTodologiuri ofcia Tanamedrove enis Seswavlisa

da swavlebisaTvis.

mravali welia, evropis sabWo, `xels uwyobs SemswavlelTa sakomunikacio

moTxovnebze dafuZnebul midgomas da im masalebisa da meTodebis gamoyenebas,

romlebic Semswavlelebs am moTxovnaTa dakmayofilebis saSualebas miscems~.

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Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom es ar aris romelime konkretuli enis swavlebis me-

Todologiis xelSewyoba; yoveli momxmarebeli _ am SemTxvevaSi, maswavleblebi

da maswavlebelTa trenerebi _ Tavad gansazRvraven sakuTar meTodologiasa da

amocanebs.

6. 3. 1. zogadi midgomebi

maswavleblebs, Cveulebriv, moeTxovebaT saxelmZRvaneloebisa da enis av-

Tentur gamoyenebasTan mimarTebis uzrunvelyofa, specialuri davalebebisa da

sakurso masalebis damuSaveba, testebis Sedgena da administrireba, gadawy-

vetilebaTa miReba saklaso aqtivobebis Sesaxeb da SemswavlelTa saswavlo

procesebSi garkveva.

aseTi praqtikis gaTavaliswinebamde, urigo ar iqneba, maswavleblebma gan-

sazRvron, savaraudod rogor iswavlian Semswavlelebi meore an ucxo enas.

kompetenciebi aqve gvawvdis sasargeblo sakontrolo furcels.

Semswavlelebi, romlebzec pasuxs agebT, savaraudod rogor iswavlian

ucxo enas:

a) meore enis avTentikur gamoyenebasTan mimarTebiT;

b) SerCeul teqstTan (zepiri an werilobiTi) uSualo kavSiriT;

g) avTentur sakomunikacio interaqciaSi uSualo monawileobiT;

d) meore enaze specialurad SemuSavebul davalebebTan uSualo

mimarTebiT;

e) TviTSeswavliT;

v) prezentaciiT, axsna-ganmartebiT, varjiSiTa da gamoyenebiT, pirveli

enis

mciredi daxmarebiT;

z) prezentaciiT, axsna-ganmartebiT, varjiSiTa da gamoyenebiT,

eqskluziurad meore enaze;

T) zemoxsenebuli aspeqtebidan ramdenimes gamoyenebiT, pirveli enis

gamoyenebis SemcirebiTa da TviTSeswavlis moculobrivi gazrdiT;

i) zemoxsenebuli aspeqtebis kombinirebiT jgufur da individualur

dagegmvasTan, individualuri moTxovnebidan gamomdinare-molaparakebiT,

maswavleblis mxardaWeriT, a. S.

es nusxa saTanadod ver afasebs imas, rac mocemulia 6.4.1-Si. Tumca, iwyebs

mniSvnelovani SekiTxvebis dasmas, maTze gacemuli pasuxebiT moxdeba pedagogi-

uri praqtikis gansazRvra.

saerTod, savaraudoa, rom Semswavlelebi iswavlian / daeuflebian meore

enas:

a) meore enis avTentikur gamoyenebasTan uSualo mimarTebiT;

b) specialurad SerCeul sasaubro frazebTan da teqstebTan uSualo

kavSiriT;

g) iseT SinaarsTan kavSiriT an im aqtivobebSi monawileobiT, romlebic

gamomdinareobs individualuri moTxovnebidan.

mkiTxvelebs SeiZleba gauCndeT imis ganxilvis survili, ru rogor unda

daexmaron staJiorebs, an maT, rogorc maswavleblebma:

1. rogor unda moamzadon saklaso aqtivobebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs:

124

_ enis da meore enaze specialurad SerCeuli sasaubro frazebisa da wer-

ilobiTi teqstebis avTentikur gamoyenebas.

2. rogor unda SearCion, miusadagon, Seadginon, daawyon da waradginon

teqstebi, da romeli principebis mixedviT?

3. rogor unda miaRwion fleqsiurobas gakveTilis dagegmvisas ise, rom

igi miesadagebodes moswavleebs:

4. rogor unda gansazRvron da gaanalizon is saswavlo problemebi, ro-

melTac awydebian individebi, da rogor unda SeimuSaon saswavlo strategiebi

individebTan misadagebiT?

rogorc ukve iTqva, zogierTi saklaso aqtivoba SeiZleba warmoadgendes

prezentaciebis, axsna-ganmartebebis, savarjiSoebisa da gamoyenebiTi aqtivobebis

kombinacias, romelTa Sesruleba xdeba mxolod meore enaze. arsebobs aqtivobe-

bis sxva msgavsi kombinaciac, magram am SemTxvevaSi, klasis gaZRola, axsna-

ganmarteba da a. S. xdeba pirvel enaze.

Tqven, rogorc maswavlebeli an maswavlebelTa treneri, Tu ganixilavT:

1. ra keTdeba ufro adekvaturad pirvel / meore enaze?

2. rogor unda CamoayaliboT miTiTebebi, axsna-ganmarteba, rubrikebi da

rogor unda moxerxdes meore enis efeqturad gamoyeneba saklaso oTaxis far-

glebSi?

6. 4. 2. maswavleblebis, Semswavlelebis da saSualebebis roli

yovel maswavlebelsa da Semswavlels sakuTari roli da pasuxismgebloba

aqvs saswavlo procesSi. maswavleblebi Rebuloben gadawyvetilebebs saklaso

drois gankargvasTan dakavSirebiT. imavdroulad, isini erTgvar magaliTs war-

moadgenen SemswavlelebisaTvis gamomdinare iqidan, rom moqmedebebi asaxavs maT

midgomebsa da mrwamss. Semswavlelebs moeTxovebaT garkveul farglebSi mo-

qmedeba; zogjer, isini maswavleblebTan erTad muSaoben da zogjer _ Tana-

tolebTan, rig SemTxvevebSi _ damoukideblad. saswavlo saSualebebi sxvadasxva

saxiT gamoiyeneba. gamoyenebis yoveli SemTxveva gadawyvetilebaTa Sedegia maSi-

nac ki, roca isini zRudavs calkeuli resursebiT sargeblobas.

Tqveni, rogorc maswavleblis, dagegmva an trening-programa, ganmartavs

Tu ara im sxvadasxvagvar rolebs, romelTa Sesrulebac uwevs maswavlebels,

roca Semswavlelebs rTavs sxvadasxva saxis aqtivobebSi? ramdenad gasagebia

SemswavlelebisaTvis is, rac moeTxovebaT? ra saxiT da ra daniSnulebiT xdeba

saswavlo saSualebebis gamoyeneba?

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6. 4. 3. teqstebis gamoyeneba

sasaubro da werilobiTi teqstebi SeiZleba sxvadasxva formiT Segvxvdes;

isini SeiZleba iyos avTentikuri, an specialurad Sedgenili, enis swavlebaSi

gamosayeneblad. teqstebis gamoyenebac sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba. Semswavlelebs

SeuZliaT maTi Sedgenac da damuSavebac.

Tqven an Tqvens staJiorebs gagaCniaT kriteriumebi:

1. sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis SesarCevad?

2. saxelmZRvaneloebisa da masalebis gasaanalizeblad?

3. sakuTari teqstebis adaptirebisa da SedgenisaTvis?

4. imis gansazRvrisaTvis, Tu rogor unda gamoexmauron Semswavlelebi ama

Tu im tipis teqstebs, da rogor unda ganiviTaron mosmenisa da kiTxvis

sxvadasxva stili?

5. rom iyoT fleqsiuri gakveTilis dagegmvisas, moswavleTa pasuxebTan

adaptirebis mizniT?

6. 4. 4. davalebebiTa da aqtivobebiT swavla

saWiroa gadawyvetilebebis miReba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda

moxdes swavla davalebebiTa da aqtivobebiT. maswavleblebi sazRvraven, sak-

marisa Tu ara ubralod monawileoba, Tu saWiroa garkveuli urTierToba winas-

war dagegmvasTan an davalebis Semdgom analizirebasa da SefasebasTan; agreTve,

Rebuloben gadawyvetilebas, Tu ramdenad aucilebelia ufro metad gaTviTcno-

biereba `davalebis miznebis, xasiaTisa da struqturis, monawileTa rolebisadmi

wayenebuli moTxovnebis da a.S~ mxriv. maswavleblebs SeuZliaT SearCion da-

valebebi, calkeuli strategiebis moqmedebis xelSewyobisaTvis, mimarTon

xerxebs cnobierebis asamaRleblad, an moiTxovon Semswavlelebisagan, zusti

strategiuli procedurebis midevna.

ganixilavT Tu ara, ra adgili unda daeTmos aqtivobebs, davalebebsa da

strategiebs enis swavlebaSi / saswavlo programaSi?

6. 4. 6. zogadi kompetenciebi

zogadi kompetenciebi (ix. Tavi 5.1) moicavs codnas samyaros Sesaxeb, so-

ciokulturul codnasa da kulturaTaSoris unarebs, egzistencialur kompe-

tencias da mecadineobis unarebs. saWiroa maTi erTgvarad gamokveTa, rom moxdes

maTi ucxo enis SeswavlaSi, iseve rogorc kurikulumiT gaTvaliswinebul sxva

saxis swavlaSi, ganviTarebis koordinireba. aseve, unda dazustdes midgoma maT

ganviTarebasTan mimarTebaSi.

Tqveni trening / saswavlo programa iTvaliswinebs SemswavlelTa zogadi

kompetenciebis ganviTarebis gzebs?

maswavleblebs:

rogor uzrunvelyofT saTanado zogadi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas?


uzrunvelyofs Tqveni programa staJiorTa zogadi kompetenciebis Semdgom

ganviTarebas? ra mxriv aris es saWiro?

6. 4. 6. 5. mecadineobis unarebi da swavlis swavla

moswavleebs / studentebs, rogorc enis damoukidebeli pasuxismgebeli

Semswavlelebis, ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, albaT saswavlo programis erT-erTi

yvelaze ufro fundamenturi aspeqtia. igive iTqmis trening-programazec. im

126

unaris ganviTareba, rasac swavla ewodeba, staJiorebsa da SemswavlelebSi erT-

droulad SeiZleba. mTeli rigi meTodologiuri ofciebi, gaTviTcnobierebulo-

bis zrda da pasuxismgeblobis gadatana SeiZleba integrirebul iqnes maswavle-

blebisa da staJiorebis mier sakuTar swavlasTan mimarTebaSi SemuSavebul em-

piriul midgomaSi. saWiro iqneba aseTi midgomebis dokumentis saxiT gaformeba

da Sefaseba, rom moxdes Sedareba da yvelaze ufro efeqturi modelis ganvi-

Tareba.

rogor uwyobT xels SemswavlelebSi damoukideblad Seswavlis ganvi-

Tarebas?


ra saxiT exmarebiT staJiorebs enis damoukideblad Seswavlis ganviTare-

baSi?

iyenebT Tu ara gamocdilebaze dafuZnebul midgomas Tqveni trening-

programis farglebSi?

6. 4. 6. 6. avtonomiuri swavla

Aavtonomiuri swavla swavlebis saboloo mizani unda iyos:


Tqveni trening-programa exmareba staJiorebs imis garkvevaSi, Tu rogor

unda aswavlon Semswavlelebs swavla proeqciulad da ara reaqciulad:

1. xelmisawvdom ofciebSi gaTviTcnobierebis gazrdiT?

2. SemswavlelTa daxmarebiT, rom maT SesZlon gakeTebuli arCevanis gark-

veviT formulireba? Tqven SeiZleba isurvoT imis ganxilva, Tu ra meTodebisa

da xerxebis gamoyenebaa saWiro, rom daexmaroT staJiorebs sakuTar strate-

giebSi gaTviTcnobierebasa da maT Semdgom ganviTarebaSi, sanam isini SesZleben

msgavsi gaTviTcnobierebulobis ganviTarebas sakuTar SemswavlelebSi.

maswavleblebs:

ra saxiT exmarebiT Semswavlelebs imisaTvis, rom iswavlon swavla?

6. 4. 7. enobrivi kompetenciebi

Eenobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTareba enis Seswavlis arsia. igi aqcents

akeTebs sxvadasxva aspeqtebze:

6. 4. 7. 1. leqsikuri maragis aTviseba

Tqveni trening-saswavlo programa aviTarebs Semswavlelis strategiebs

leqsikuri maragis asaTviseblad?

efuZneba igi saklaso oTaxis farglebSi Catarebul raime saxis kvleviT

Sedegebs?

6. 4. 7. 4. gramatikuli kompetencia

trening-programebsa da swavlebaSi yuradReba unda mieqces, gansakuTre-

biT, gakveTilebis dagegmvisas (zogierTi) gramatikuli kategoriis maRal `sako-

munikacio Sedegs~. staJiorebma da maswavleblebma unda gadawyviton:

1. maT, rogorc maswavleblebs, romel gramatikul elementze surT kon-

centrireba da romelze unda gaakeTon SedarebiT naklebi aqcenti?

2. ra kavSiria gramatikul winsvlasa da komunikaciuri kompetenciis

ganviTarebas Soris. magaliTad, germanulis SemswavlelebSi warsul droze sau-

127

bris unaris ganviTarebis dayovnebam, sanam ar moxdeba Zlieri zmnebis for-

maluri kompleqsurobis swavleba;

3. ra roli SeiZleba Seasrulon kontrastulma faqtorebma saswavlo

programaSi - magaliTad, barierebi, romelsac awydeba inglisurenovani Semswav-

leli germanulis Seswavlisas:

4. raSi mdgomareobs (enis Seswavlis) sirTule; aris Tu ara zogierTi

enis / gramatikuli Taviseburebani Tavisi arsiT ufro rTuli sxvebTan Sedare-

biT, da romelia ZiriTadi.

5. Semswavlelebs gramatikuli kompetenciis ganviTareba induqciurad

moeTxovebaT, Tu deduqciurad.

6. romeli formaluri savarjiSoebi (6.4.7.8) unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.


1. iTvaliswinebs, rogor SeiZleba SemswavlelTa gramatikuli kompe-

tenciis xelSewyoba?

2. ganixilavs da afasebs kontrastuli gramatikis rols?

3. ganixilavs gramatikuli terminologiis sakiTxs da imas, rac SeiZleba

Tanamedrove enis maswavleblebisa da SemswavlelebisaTvis warmoadgendes zogad

arss?

6. 4. 7. 9. gamoTqma


1. afasebs, rogor unda moxdes SemswavlelTa daxmareba, rom maT ganivi-

Taron Sesaswavl enaze gamoTqmis unari?

2. moicavs trenings mosmenaSi da fonetikur varjiSs?

3. moicavs sxvadasxva asakis SemswavlelTa zedmiwevniT trenings?

zogierTi treningi ufro efeqturi xom ar aris adreul asakSi an piriqiT, _

mowifulobisas?

6. 4. 7. 10. orTografia

trening / saswavlo programa Tu ikvlevs da ganixilavs magaliTebis moy-

vaniT:

1. ra saxiT SeiZleba SemswavlelTa daxmareba, rom maT aiTvison (moce-

muli) enebis weris sistema, swrafi weris CaTvliT?

2. im problemebs, romlebsac Semswavlelebi awydebian (mocemuli) enebis

orTografiaSi?

3. rogor unda moxdes daxsomebis ganviTareba?

6. 4. 8. sociolingvisturi kompetencia

saswavlo da trening-programebi unda moicavdes teqstebs, romlebic Ser-

Ceuli an Sedgenilia or sazogadoebas Soris arsebuli sociolingvisturi kon-

trastebis saCveneblad.

trening-programebi SeiZleba aseve akeTebdes aqcents da ganixilavdes:

1. aRniSvnisa da Semdgomi analizis magaliTebs;

2. sxvadasxva midgomebs sociokulturuli komponentebis zedmiwevniT

swavlebaSi.

maswavleblebs da maswavlebelTa trenerebs:

eTanxmebiT, rom aseTi diskusia sargebels moutans Semswavlelebs, Tu igi

gadadebul unda iqnes maTi profesiuli momzadebis treningamde?

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eTanxmebiT, rom trening-programis farglebSi, kargi iqneba, staJiorebs

vTxovoT metyvelebis struqturis kompleqsurobis gaanalizeba, rom maT

SesZlon SemswavlelTa daxmareba pragmatuli kompetenciebis ganviTarebaSi?

maswavleblebs:

Tqven, rogorc praqtikosi maswavleblebi, exmarebiT Semswavlelebs prag-

matuli kompetenciebis ganviTarebaSi?

6. 5. Secdomebi

Tqven SeiZleba isurvoT imis ganxilva, Seadgens Tu ara Semswavlelis

SecdomebTan mimarTebaSi (6.5.1 da 6.5.2) arsebul midgomebze, an sapasuxo qmede-

baze diskusia, trening-programis nawils (6.5.3)

maswavleblebs:

rogoria QTqveni midgoma da pasuxi SemswavlelTa Secdomebze?

nawili 7 _ davalebebi da maTi roli enis swavlebaSi

7. 1. davalebis aRwera

kompetenciebi mniSvnelovnad ganasxvavebs davalebaTa sam kategorias,

romlebSic enis Semswavlelebi aerTianeben:

1. cxovrebiseul, miznobriv da gameorebaze orientirebul davalebebs,

romlebic SerCeulia SemswavlelTa moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, saklaso oTaxis

an saswavlo garemos farglebs gareT.

2. sakomunikacio, pedagogiur davalebebs, romlebic saTaves iRebs saklaso

oTaxis socialuri da interaqtiuli bunebidan da uSualobidan, sadac Semswav-

lelebi xalisiT Tanxmdebian urwmunoebis droebiT ukugdebas da Sesaswavli

enis gamoyenebas. aseTi sakomunikacio pedagogiuri davalebebis Sedegebi iden-

tificirebadia.

3. winasakomunikacio pedagogiur davalebebs, romlebic warmoadgens

savarjiSoebs konteqstisagan specialurad daclili formebis gamoyenebaze.

Tqveni trening / saswavlo programa cdilobs davalebaTa kategoriebis

gansazRvras?

mkiTxvelebma SeiZleba isurvon Semdegi aspeqtebis ganxilva:

1. ramdenad gamosadegia davalebaTa funqciisa da xasiaTis wvdoma gak-

veTilebis, swavlis Sedegebisa da / an individualurad gamosayenebeli saswavlo

paketebis dagegmvisas;

2. ra saxiT unda ganumarton maswavleblebma da staJiorebma davalebis

sxvadasxva kategoriaTa daniSnuleba Semswavlelebs;

3. rogor unda moxdes efeqturi balansis miRweva Tavisuflad flobasa /

sizustes da Sinaarss / formas Soris.

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7. 2. davalebis Sesruleba: kompetenciebi, davaleba, pirobebi da

SezRudvebi, strategiebi

Semswavlelebs gaaCniaT mravalgvari kompetencia da Sepirispireba uwevT

davalebasTan dakavSirebul sxvadasxva pirobebTan da SezRudvebTan.

Tqveni trening / saswavlo programa eZiebs gzebs:

1. SemswavlelebSi saTanado unarebis da / an codnis aqtivizebisaTvis, rac

gazrdis maT mier davalebaTa warmatebiT Sesrulebis albaTobas?

2. gagebaze, interaqciasa da producirebaze orientirebuli davalebebis

gamartivebis an garTulebisaTvis?

3. Semswavlelebis ufro metad gaTviTcnobierebisaTvis sxvadasxva

strategiebSi, rac daexmareba maT sxvadasxva davalebebis SesrulebaSi?

7. 3. davalebis sirTule

davalebis sirTule aris kompleqsuri kavSiri Semswavlelis kompeten-

ciebsa da Taviseburebebs, agreTve, TviT davalebebis bunebasa da im pirobebs

Soris, romelTa farglebSic sruldeba isini. Tanac, sirTule ar eqvemdebareba

utyuar prognozirebas.


Tqveni trening-programebi exmareba staJiorebs:

1. davalebis sirTulis kompleqsurobis gagebaSi?

2. SemswavlelTa dasaxmareblad, davalebis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis,

yuradRebiT dagegmili mosamzadebeli fazis gamoyenebiT?

3. kriteriumebis SemuSavebaSi, rom maT SesZlon davalebis sirTulis

xarisxis modificireba?

4. diferencirebuli davalebebis dagegmvaSi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs:

I) SemswavlelTa kognitur maxasiaTeblebs:

a) davalebis tipi, Tema, teqstis tipi, saWiro ganaTleba, a. S. da is, Tu

ramdenad nacnobia es yvelaferi SemswavlelisaTvis

b) SemswavlelTa unarebi: organizatoruli, pirovnebaTaSoris, kultura-

TaSoris a. S.

g) Semswavlelis unari _ imoqmedos, konkretulad da ganyenebulad, a. S.

II) SemswavlelTa efeqtur maxasiaTeblebs, iseTi davalebebis SedgeniT,

romlebic iTvaliswinebs Semswavlelis TviTSefasebas, CarTulobas, motivacias,

fizikur da emociur mdgradobas, midgomebs

III) enobriv moTxovnebs, enis kompleqsurobas, teqstis tipebs,

prezentacias, teqstis sigrZes, SemswavlelTan Sesabamisobas, saWiro pasuxis

tips.

IV) mxardaWeris arseboba-ararsebobas: enobrivi daxmarebis SesaZlebloba,

konteqstuuri Taviseburebani, davalebebis gameoreba, kvleva-ZiebiTi samuSaoebi,

Sesabamisi modelebi da sxvebis Tanadgoma

V) SemswavlelTa gankargulebaSi arsebul dros.

VI) davalebis miznis Taviseburebas: davalebis Sedegebi, romlebic

moiTxovs ganxilvas im Sedegebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebic amas ar saWiroebs.

VII) prognozirebadobis da / an moulodnelobis arseboba-ararsebobas

VIII) fizikur kondiciebs: xmauris foni, studiaSi Cawera, bunebrivi garemo

130

IX) monawileTa Taviseburebebs: gundur muSaobaSi monawile, TanamgrZnobi

Tanamosaubreebi, metyvelebis cvalebadi siCqare da Tanamimdevruloba

X) xelSewyobas davalebis Sesasruleblad: miTiTebebis arseboba /

ararseboba, romlebic sakmaris, kompleqsuri da aragarTulebulia, davalebebi,

romlebic unda Sesruldes sxvebTan erTad an damoukideblad

XI) teqstis maxasiaTeblebs _ enobrivi kompleqsuroba, teqstis tipi, mety-

velebis struqtura, fizikuri prezentacia, sigrZe, SemswavlelTan Sesabamisoba

XII )saWiro pasuxis tips

maswavleblebs:

ramdenad aris zemoTqmuli asaxuli Tqvens saswavlo programaSi?

nawili 8 _ enobrivi mravalferovneba da kurikulumi

es Tavi ganixilavs enobrivi mravalferovnebis mniSvnelobas kurikulumis

Sedgenisas da exeba iseT sakiTxebs, rogorica: mravalenovneba (multilingvizmi)

da mravalkulturuloba (multikulturuloba); gansxvavebuli saswavlo amo-

canebi; kurikulumis Sedgenis principebi; kurikulumis scenari; enis swavlis

uwyvetoba; modularuloba da nawilobrivi kompetenciebi.

kurikulumebis mizania mravalenovani (multilingvuri) da mravalkultu-

ruli (multikulturuli) kompetenciebis ganviTareba. es kompetenciebi SeiZleba

gansxvavdebodes Seswavlili enebis mixedviT da savsebiT marTebulad, erT enaSi

SeiZleba aqcenti keTdebodes kulturuli kompetenciebis ganviTarebaze, xolo

meoreSi _ metwilad, enobriv kompetenciebze. Kkurikulumis Sedgena moicavs ar-

Cevans saswavlo amocanebis tipebsa da doneebs Soris, swavlebis gansxvavebuli

konteqstis farglebSi.


Tqveni trening-programa iTvaliswinebs kurikulumis miznebsa da amo-

canebs da mis Sedgenas? migaCniaT Tu ara, rom aseTi diskusia profesiuli ga-

naTlebis mniSvnelovani elementia, Tu is exeba mxolod kvalifikaciis asamaR-

lebel programas? Tu igi orives exeba, romeli sakiTxebi unda ganixilebodes

profesiul momzadebaSi?

8. 1. kurikulumis sxvadasxva scenarebi

kompetenciebSi mocemuli ori magaliTi exeba dawyebiT, sabazo da saSu-

alo skolebs.


Tqveni saswavlo programa iTvaliswinebs kurikulumis Sedgenas? ganixi-

lavs igi dawyebiTi da saSualo fazebis urTierTkavSirs erovnuli sistemis

farglebSi? Tqvens staJiorebs, romlebic trenings gadian dawyebiTi skolisaT-

vis, unda gaaCndeT Tu ara codna da / an gamocdileba saSualo skolasTan mi-

marTebaSi, da piriqiT?

maswavleblebs:

Tqveni kurikulumi da misi dagegmva iTvaliswinebs dawyebiTi da saSualo

fazebis urTierTkavSirs erovnuli sistemis farglebSi? romeli elementi

muSaobs Tqvenda sasargeblod da an romelTa Semdgomi ganviTarebaa SesaZle-

beli mocemul fazaze?

131

1. 2. Sefaseba da skola, swavla skolis Semdgom da

skolis farglebs gareT

kompetenciebi emxroba im mosazrebas, rom `skolis kurikulumi unda

ganixilebodes ufro farTo kurikulumis nawilad~ da is unda sTavazobdes

Semswavlelebs `sxvadasxva mravalenovan (plurilingvur) da mravalkulturul

(plurikulturul) repertuars (...) da ufro met gaTviTcnobierebulobas, cod-

nasa da rwmenas sakuTar kompetenciebsa da SesaZleblobebSi..~ ELP-is ganviTare-

biT SesaZlebelia individis enobrivi profilisa da enobrivi eqskursis ofi-

cialurad cnoba.

Tqveni trening / saswavlo programa exeba da / an iyenebs ELP-is? Tqven da

Tqveni staJiorebi, eqsperimentis saxiT, axdenT SemswavlelTa enobrivi ga-

mocdilebis am tipis portfolioSi Caweras, oficialuri aRiarebisaTvis?

nawili 9 _ Sefaseba

mecxre nawili ganixilavs Sefasebis sxvadasxva daniSnulebas da Sefase-

bis Sesabamis tipebs im saWiroebis gadmosaxedidan, rac gulisxmobs yovlismom-

cvelobis, sizustisa da operatiuli Sesrulebadobis kriteriumebis erTmaneT-

Tan misadagebas.

kompetenciebis es Tavi Sefasebas ganixilavs ènis momxmareblis codnis

Sefasebis~ TvalsazrisiT. is exeba gadawyvetilebaTa validurobas, saimedoobasa

da sizustes (9.1) AagreTve imas, Tu ra fasdeba, rogor xdeba Sesrulebis inter-

pretireba da Sedareba. ar ivaraudeba, rom maswavleblis Sefaseba xarisxo-

brivad Camouvardeba sajaro gamocdebis Sefasebas, SesaZlebelia orive maTganis

misadageba zogadi kompetenciebis doneebTan, kompetenciebis farglebSi.

9. 2. 2. kriteriumebi saswavlo amocanaTa misaRwevad

ganvixilavT ra Sefasebas, urigo ar iqneba, gavarkvioT, ra mizans

emsaxureba igi. Tu maswavlebels an Semswavlels surs miiRos saswavlo kursis

farglebSi Semswavlelis enobrivi unarebis formirebis detaluri suraTi, am

mizniT xdeba me-4 TavSi mocemuli sakomunikacio aqtivobobebis deskriptorebis

(9.2.2.1) gamoyeneba. Tu, meore mxriv, iTxoven, kvalificiurobis diagnostikur

profils, saWiroa iseTi deskriptorebis gamoyeneba, romlebic warmoadgens,

`saerTo standarts mocemuli jgufis SemfasebelTaTvis~. am SemTxvevaSi, friad

gamosadegi iqneba codnis aspeqtebis deskriptorebis gamoyeneba, romlebic

ukavSirdeba me-5 TavSi detalurad aRweril calkeul komponentebs (9.2.2.2.).

9. 3. Sefasebis tipebi

Sefasebis praqtikuli sistemebi ramdenime gansxvavebul formas iZens kom-

petenciebi aRnusxavs camet tips:

1. miRweva-codna

2. normebis standarti (NR) _ kriteriumebis standarti (CT)

132

3. swavla daxelovnebisaTvis CR _ kontinuumi CR

4. uwyveti Sefaseba _ fiqsirebuli punqtis Sefaseba

5. formaciuli _ Semajamebeli

6. pirdapiri _ iribi

7. Sesruleba _ codna

8. subieqturi _ obieqturi

9. reitingi skalaze _ reitingi sakontrolo furcelze

10. STabeWdileba _ marTuli gansja

11. holisturi _ analitikuri

12. seriebi _ kategoria

13. sxvaTa Sefaseba _ TviTSefaseba


mocemulia ra is sistema da konteqsti, risTvisac iqmneba Tqveni trening-

programa, SesaZlebelia moisurvoT Semdegis ganxilva:

1. Tqveni konkretuli konteqstis da sistemis farglebSi, Sefasebis

romeli tipi miesadageba SemswavlelTa moTxovnebs:

2. rogor unda davexmaroT staJiorebs, rom isini gaecnon Sefasebis aR-

niSnul tipebs;

3. rogor SevuqmnaT staJiorebs pirobebi Sefasebis saTanado tipebis

praqtikulad gamoyenebisaTvis, mTeli rigi xerxebis gamokvlevisaTvis, da Ti-

Toeulis SemTxvevaSi swavlebaze `Tanamdevi~ efeqtis SefasebisaTvis.

Tqven SeiZleba aseve isurvoT, staJiorebTan zogadad ganixiloT:

4. Tu rogor unda Sefasdes sakomunikacio Sesruleba da enobrivi codna;

5. ramdenad SesaZlebelia, Sefaseba iyos mastimulirebeli faqtori

swavlasa da swavlebaSi;

6. rogor unda moxdes Sefasebis sxvadasxva xerxebis gamoyeneba da

Sedegebis interpretireba;

7. rogor, sad da ra mizniT unda moxdes uwyveti Sefasebis / fiqsirebul

punqtze Sefasebis gamoyeneba;

8. rogor unda moxdes SemswavlelTa CarTva SefasebaSi da rogor

unda gaewioT maT daxmareba sakuTari codnisa da swavlis SefasebisaTvis.

maswavleblebi:

zemoxsenebuli sakiTxebidan, romelia TqvenTvis mniSvnelovani?

9. 4. Sefaseba da enis codnis amsaxveli skalebi

kompetenciebis danarTebSi mocemulia `skalebi im davalebebisaTvis,

romelTa Sesrulebac SeuZliaT Semswavlelebs. magaliTad, sakomunikacio

aqtivobebSi aseTi skalebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes miznis miRwevis

profilis gansazRvrisaTvis, konkretul adamianebTan, jgufebTan an modulTan

mimarTebaSi~. deskriptorebis skalebis gamoyeneba, calkeuli Sesrulebis

(perfomansebis) subieqtur reitings met saimedoobas aniWebs.

maswavlebelTa trenerebs: Tqveni trening-programa iTvaliswinebs da magaliTebis meSveobiT axdens

skalebis ilustrirebas sakomunikacio aqtivobebisaTvis? arsebobs Tqvens sistemaSi Tanamimdevruli standarti, romelsac unda icnobdnen staJiorebi? eZlevaT Tu ara Tqvens staJiorebs deskriptorebis skalebis gamoyenebisa da imis Sefasebis SesaZlebloba, Tu ramdenad advili / rTulia maTi gamoyeneba? kompetenciebis danarTSi mocemuli romeli skalebis gamoyenebas SesZlebdnen Tqveni staJiorebi?

133

Tqveni trening-programa iTvaliswinebs skalebis Seqmnis sxvadasxva gzebs, da imas, Tu raSi mdgomareobs arsebuli skalebis miRebis an individualuri sistemebis ganviTarebis upiratesoba / naklovaneba?

Tqveni trening-programa exmareba staJiorebs SemswavlelTa progresis ganxilvasa da SefasebaSi?

maswavleblebs: iyenebT skalebs sakomunikacio aqtivobebisaTvis? ramdenad advilia /

ramdenad rTulia maTi gamoyeneba? kompetenciebis danarTSi mocemuli skalebidan, romlis gamoyeneba SegiZliaT? gifiqriaT skalebis Seqmnis sxvadasxva gzebze da arsebuli skalebis miRebis an individualuri sistemis ganviTarebis upiratesobaze / naklovanebebze?

ganixilavT da afasebT SemswavlelTa progress?

samuSao furclebi

samuSao furceli 1-a _ rogor iyenebT sakuTar enas

am cxrilis pirvel svetSi CamoTvlilia komunikaciis Svidi gansxvavebuli aspeqti.

meore sveti gvaZlevs erT sakomunikacio aqtSi CarTuli Svidive aspeqtis ma-

galiTs, _ ufros maswavlebels vuxsniT, rogor Catyda fanjara. SeavseT yvela

danarCeni sveti sxvadasxva konteqstebis mixedviT. zogierTi ujra Sevsebulia,

Tqveni arCevanis SezRudvis mizniT! amitom, TiToeul svetTan mimarTebaSi, aRniS-

neT, ra tipis enobrivi cvlileba iqneboda gamoyenebuli.

konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2 konteqsti 3 konteqsti 4

sad? skola

Tqveni roli? moswavle momxmarebeli

Tanamosaubre?

adamiani, ro-

melsac esau-

brebiT)

ufrosi mas-

wavlebeli

ras akeTebT? axsna-ganmateba nebarTvis

Txovna

ris gamo? Camtvreva

konmunikaciaSi

monawileoba

interaqtiuli mediacia (ma-

galiTad

Setyobineba)

saSualeba ? sasaubro

cvlilebebi enaSi

konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2 konteqsti 3 konteqsti 4

samuSao furceli 1b _ rogor iyenebT axal enas

es samuSao furceli, ZiriTadad, samuSao furceli 1-is msgavsia. meore da mesame

svetebs avsebT or sakomunikacio aqtSi monawile sxvadasxva aspeqtebiT, radgan mi-

gaCniaT, rom SegiZliaT maTi Sesruleba axal enaze. TiToeuli sveti SeavseT

sxvadasxva konteqstebis mixedviT. Semdeg TiToeul svetTan mimarTebaSi, aRniSneT:

(i) ris gakeTeba SegiZliaT da (ii) ra saxis problemebi SeiZleba gqonodaT.

konteqsti 1 konteqsti 2

sad?

Tqveni roli?

Tanamosaubre?

ras akeTebT?

ris gamo?

134

komunikaciaSi

monawileoba

saSualeba?

ras akeTebT SedarebiT advilad


problemebi, romlebic, Tqveni azriT SegeqmnebaT enasTan mimarTebaSi

rogor gaarTmevdiT problemebs Tavs axlave


samuSao furceli 1-g _ rogor RebulobT daxmarebas axal enaSi da

rogor saubrobT enis Sesaxeb.

es samuSao furcelic samuSao furceli 1-is msgavsia, amjerad orive sveti ukve

Sevsebulia TqvenTvis, TiToeul svetTan mimarTebaSi, aRniSneT (i) ukve ramdeni ram

SegiZliaT gaakeToT axal enaze (ii) rogor fiqrobT, ris swavla gWirdebaT.


sad? saklaso oTaxi saklaso oTaxi

Tqveni roli? Semswavleli Semswavleli

Tanamosaubre? maswavlebeli (an sxva

Semswavleli)

maswavlebeli (an sxva

Semswavleli)

ras akeTebT? daxmarebis Txovna

(rogoricaa, SekiTxva

ramis mniSvnelobis

gasagebad)

enis ganxilva

ris gamo? Tqvens mier enis gamo-

yeneba

enis formebi (winadade-

bebi, arsebiTi saxelebi

da zmnebi, a.S)

komunikaciaSi

monawileoba

interaqtiuli interaqtiuli

saSualeba sasaubro (an werilobiTi) sasaubro (an werilobiTi)

ris gakeTeba SegiZliaT advilad


ris swavla dagWirdebaT


rogor gaarTmevT Tavs problemas axlave


135

samuSao furceli 2a

nawili 1: Tqveni unari zogadi codnis gamoyenebisa kiTxvis dros

gadaxedeT gazeTs an Jurnals, romelic es-esaa iyideT.

_ airCieT sakiTxi, romelic jer ar wagikiTxavT, magram romelsac met-

naklebad icnobT.

_ is, rac iciT am sakiTxis irgvliv, winaswar CamowereT.

_ ecadeT gonebaSi SeqmnaT erTgvari monaxazi, Tu ras exeba es statia.

_ waikiTxeT statia, rom darwmundeT, swori xarT Tu ara.

nawili 2: Tqveni unari zogadi codnis gamoyenebisa sxva enaze kiTxvis

dros

im enaze, romelsac swavlobT, moiZieT patara teqsti TqvenTvis nacnobi

Temis Sesaxeb. es SeiZleba iyos sagazeTo statia an teqsti internetidan saer-

TaSoriso mniSvnelobis mqone pirovnebaze, an zRapari, an TviT religiuri Si-

naarsis teqsti, an locva.

_ wina planze wamoswieT an xazi gausviT nebismier TqvenTvis nacnob sity-

vas, adgilebisa da adamianebis saxelebis CaTvliT.

_ gonebaSi SeqmeniT monaxazi an sqema, Tu ras SeiZleba exebodes es

teqsti

_ aRniSnuli sqemis an TqvenTvis nacnobi sityvebis gamoyenebiT, ecadeT

sxva sityvebis mniSvnelobis gamocnobasac.

_ daakvirdiT, rogor aris kombinirebuli sityvebi. xom ar amCnevT raime

nimuSs? SegiZliaT CamoayaliboT wesebi?

ecadeT ganaviTaroT es strategia. igi gulisxmobs maqsimalurad metis

miRebas im codnidan, romelic ukve gaqvT sxva enaze arsebuli teqstebidan.

samuSao furceli 2-b: codna imisa, Tu rogor moaxdinoT Tqveni enis or-

ganizeba

warmoidgineT, rom xelmZRvanel pirs (rogoricaa skolis direqtori)

unda ausnaT, Tu rogor moxda esa Tu is patara incidenti (rogoricaa fanjris

Camtvreva)

megobarTan erTad,

_ SeadgineT realuri dialogi, romelic SeiZleba gqondeT, skolis di-

reqtorTan, mocemuli konteqstis farglebSi;

_ SeitaneT masSi saTanado cvlilebebi im SemTxvevebisaTvis, Tu saWiro

gaxda Setyobinebis avtomopasuxeze datoveba;

_ mieciT Setyobinebas faqsis saxe.

samuSao furceli 2g1: sakuTari sazogadoebis Sesaxeb arsebuli specifi-

kuri codnis gadaxedva

aRnusxeT Semdegi, sakuTari qveynis mixedviT:

_ piradobis damadasturebel ra saSualebas atarebT Tan (aseTis arsebo-

bis SemTxvevaSi);

_ romeli rasisa da religiis mimdevari jgufebi moiZebneba Tqvens qvey-

anaSi;

romel saaTebSi xdeba trapezis miReba;

_ ra saxis saCuqari gamogadebaT, roca sadilze gepatiJebian;

es yovelive SeiZleba Zalze banalurad da Cveulebrivad miiCnioT, magram

roca xedavT, ra problemebs awydebian ucxoelebi am mxriv, Tqven daiwyebT misi

mniSvnelobis gacnobierebas. igive xdeba geografiul, istoriul da politikur

informaciasTan mimarTebaSi.

136

samuSao furceli 2g2: TqvenTvis axal enaze molaparake sazogadoebis

Sesaxeb arsebuli codnis gadaxedva

im enaze, romelsac swavlobT, ecadeT SeadginoT samuSao furcelze 2b

mocemuli dialogis analogi, rac gulisxmobs xelmZRvaneli pirisaTvis

(rogoricaa skolis direqtori) patara incidentis axsnas (rogoricaa fanjris

Camtvreva). Semdeg pasuxi gaeciT mocemul kiTxvebs:

_ xom ar SegqmniaT problemebi enis adekvaturobasTan mimarTebaSi (ma-

galiTad, direqtorTan misalmeba, bodiSis moxda. a.S)?

_ telefoniT Setyobinebis datoveba rom yofiliyo saWiro, gecodinebo-

daT, rogor dagewyoT da dagesrulebinaT igi?

_ faqsis an eleqtronuli Setyobinebis gagzavna rom yofiliyo saWiro,

SesZlebdiT saTanado cvlilebebis ganxorcielebas?

iciT, rogori iqneboda Tqveni Tanatoli moswavlis saTanado midgoma

skolis direqtorTan mimarTebaSi, im sazogadoebaSi, romlis enasac swavlobT?

_ rogor moiqceodiT aseTi ramis Sesaswavlad?

samuSao furceli 2d: sakuTar enaSi bgeraTa codnis gadaxedva

scadeT Semdegi davalebis Sesruleba, rom ufro meti SeityoT sakuTar

enaSi arsebuli bgerebis Sesaxeb.

_ CamoTvaleT TanxmovanTa is kombinaciebi, riTac SeiZleba iwyebodes

sityvebi Tqvens enaSi. ra nimuSs eqvemdebareba es kombinaciebi (magaliTad: ing-

lisurSi, cl, cr. gl, gr, pl, pr, bl, br. tr, dr kombinaciebSi, pirveli Tanx-

movnis Semdeg gvxvdeba l an r aso, rac ukve qmnis calkeul tips

_ CamoTvaleT TanmovanTa nebismieri kombinacia, riTac ver daiwyeba sity-

vebi Tqvens enaSi (aseTia pf-i inglisurSi)

_ yvelaze metad romeli Tanxmovani gvxvdeba sityvis dasawyisSi, Tqvens

enaSi (inglisurSi aseTi samia, im pirobiT, Tu sityvaSi pirveli Tanxmovani aris

s)

_ moiZebneba Tqvens enaSi iseTi Tanxmovnebi an TanxmovanTa kombinaciebi,

romlebTan mimarTebaSic ucxoelebi sirTules awydebian? (rogoricaa th ing-

lisurSi)? rogor fiqrobT, ra aris es?

_ aris Tqvens enaSi iseT xmovnebi, romlebTan mimarTebaSic ucxoelebi

sirTules awydebian?

_ eqmnebaT ucxoelebs problemebi maxvilTan, riTmTan, intonaciasTan a. S.

dakavSirebiT Tqvens enaSi?

samuSao furceli 3a: gadaxedva imisa, Tu rogor Semoinaxa Tqvenma mex-

sierebam sityvebi:

sakuTar magaliTze daakvirdiT, rogor xdeba sityvaTa damaxsovreba

mSobliur enaze.

qvemoT mocemul TiToeul kategoriasTan mimarTebaSi gamoiyeneT 60 wami,

rom CamoTvaloT yvela sityva, romelic:

_ mniSvnelobis mixedviT, erTiandeba `sakvebis~ jgufebSi;

_ Tqvens gonebaSi asocirdeba sityvasTan `chair~ (an `chaise~ frangulad)

_ iwyeba pl bgerebiT...

_ riTmiT / maxviliT miesadageba sityvas `bicycle~ (an frangulad sityvas

`television~?)

aris Tu ara iseTi sitvebi, romlebic ramdenime kategorias miesadageba?

sakuTari Sedegebi SeadareT Tqveni jgufis sxva wevrebisas. aRmoCnda

yovel kategoriaSi miaxloebiT ekvivalenturi sityvebi? hqonda adgili arCevans

Soris msgavsebas?

axla igive aqtivoba SeasruleT im enaze, romelsac swavlobT.

137

samuSao furceli 3b: sityvaTa codnis doneebis gadaxedva

scadeT Semdegi sityvebis klasificireba (aRebulia lingvistikis wig-

nidan)

akustikuri, saartikulacio, windebuli, damateba, sityvebi, konteqsti

es sityvebi grafikis saxiT daalageT _ yvelaze nakleb nacnobi sityvebi

qveda marcxena kuTxeSi, kargad nacnobi ki _ zeda marjvena kuTxeSi.

Semdeg msgavsi grafiki aageT TqvenTvis axal enaSic

mSvenivrad vici

Semxvedria, magram mniSvneloba ar vici

arasodes Semxvedria

samuSao furceli 3g: sityvis mniSvnelobis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis codnis

gadaxedva

_ aiReT inglisuri sityva soft an franguli doux

_ SeuwyvileT igi rac SeiZleba met sityvas (ori magaliTi: a soft chair, un

temps doux)

_ romeli sityvaa soft-is an doux-is antonimi TiToeul SemTxvevaSi?

_ ra saerTo aqvs soft-is an doux-is mniSvnelobebs Tqvens mier mofiqrebul

kombinaciaSi?

_ Tuki vinmes ekiTxebiT inglisurad: Ìs the ice-cream soft yet?~ ras gulisx-

mobT?

_ ra saxis codna dagWirdaT am davalebis Sesasruleblad?

samuSao furceli 3d: sakuTari enis gramatikis codnis gadaxedva

dawereT winadadeba: the visiting student came to school this morning

on a motorbike, an Mon frere a achete' un nouveau v'elo

_ am winadadebebis azris Seucvlelad, scadeT sityvebis gansxvavebuli

wyobiT dalageba.

_ aageT rac SeiZleba meti winadadeba, winadadebaSi mocemuli nebismieri

an yvela sityvis gamoyenebiT. ar gamoiyenoT sxva sityvebi. (ra Tqma unda, azri

Seicvleba!)

_ sityvebi daalageT inglisuri an franguli enisaTvis miuRebeli wyobiT.

_ Semdeg scadeT sityvaTa wyobaze wesis Camoyalibeba mocemul enasTan mi-

marTebaSi.

_ aageT SekiTxvebi am winadadebaze dayrdnobiT, ra saxis cvlilebebs

moiTxovs SekiTxvebis ageba?

_ Semdeg, scadeT wesis Camoyalibeba kiTxviT formasTan mimarTebiT.

_ zmnebis walk da acheter ramdeni gansxvavebuli forma gafiqrdebaT?

_ SegiZliaT moifiqroT walk-isa da acheter-is msgavsi formebis zmnebi?

138

samuSao furceli 4: im unarebis gadaxedva, romelsac moicavs wera-kiTxva

saerTaSoriso fonetikuri anbani aris simboloebis erToblioba, romelic

emsaxureba bgerebis ise warmodgenas, rogorc es xdeba realur salaparako

enaSi.

qvemoT mocemulia inglisuri winadadeba misi fonetikuri eqvivalentiT.

Reading the guide is sheer drudgery and a waste of thinking time ________________________________________________

_ am informaciaze dayrdnobiT, dawereT fonetikuri simboloebis Sesabam-

isi sityvebi:

________________________________________________

_ CamoTvaleT problemebi, romelTac waawydebiT am sityvebis gaSifvrisas.

_ axla scadeT am sityvebis fonetikurad damuSaveba:

Shaving ______________ with __________ this _________ _ ramdenad gansxvavebuli iyo TqvenTvis fonetikuri simboloebiT wera?

Cveulebrivi xelnaweriT werisas an misi kixvisas, Tqven iyenebT unarebs,

romlebic Tqveni meore naturaa.

am davalebis Sesruleba aRniSnuli unarebis Senelebul muSaobas hgavda.

samuSao furceli 4a: dRes Tqvens mier agebuli teqstebis tipebis gad-

axedva

CamoTvaleT rac SeiZleba meti gansxvavebuli teqsti, romelTa damuSave-

bac mogiwiaT mocemul momentamde dRes. Semdeg, scadeT maTi dajgufeba imisda

mixedviT:

_ isini sasaubro, werilobiTi iyo, Tu mogiwiaT maTi xelmowera an maTTan

Sexeba;

_ sad SegxvdaT isini:

_ Tu kidev vin monawileobda maT producirebaSi da / an recefciaSi;

_ Tu ra fizikuri saSualeba iyo gamoyenebuli;

_ Tu ra daniSnuleba gaaCnda maT.

samuSao furceli 4b: im teqstebis gadaxedva, romlebTanac gqondaT

urTierToba sazogadoebrivi transportiT mgzavrobisas A-dan B punqtamde

_ CamoTvaleT yvelanairi teqsti, romelsac SevxvdebiT Tqvens qalaqSi

sazogadoebrivi transportiT sargeblobisas. Tu SesaZlebelia, Tavi mouyareT

realur nimuSebsac.

_ megobrebTan erTad, sruli werilobiTi forma mieciT am teqstebs;

_ CamoTvaleT yvela potenciuri wyaro, ramac SeiZleba sirTule Seuqmnas

am teqstebTan mimarTebaSi adamians, romelmac kargad ar icis Tqveni ena;

_ sirTulis TiToeul potenciur wyaros daurTeT im davalebaTa CamonaT-

vali, romelTa Sesrulebac mouwevs stumars problemis gadasaWrelad.

_ TiToeuli TandarTuli davalebisaTvis, moigoneT teqsti, romlis pro-

ducireba da / an recefcia moeTxoveba konkretul stumars.

samuSao furceli 4g: gadaxedva im unarisa, romelic gulisxmobs Tqvens

mier teqstebis damuSavebas axal enaze

_ SearCieT sami zogadi davaleba, romelTac realurad asrulebT yovel-

dRe;

_ dayaviT isini sxvadasxva qvedavalebebad;

_ CamoTvaleT teqstebi, romelTa damuSavebac iqneba saWiro TiToeuli

qvedavalebisaTvis.

_ am sami davalebidan, romels (a) gaarTmevdiT Tavs ufro meti warmate-biT axal enaze da (b) romels ufro naklebad. SeafaseT sakuTari unari, Ti-Toeuli SerCeuli davalebis SemTxvevaSi, enis sworad da marTebulad gamoyene-bisa.

139

samuSao furceli 5-a: axali enis bgerebis, sityvebis da gramatikis gad-axedva im enaze, romelsac swavlobT

scadeT Semdegi davalebis Sesruleba. im enis matarebels (an aramatarabels, magram mocemuli enis Tavisuflad

mcodnes) romelsac swavlobT, sTxoveT Caweros TqvenTan interviu, romelSic isaubrebT sakuTar Tavze da moyvebiT ambavs. CaiwereT intervius monakveTi.

_ mousmineT sakuTar Tavs da aRniSneT bgerebi, romlebic TqvenTvis problemuri iyo.

_ SeadgineT TqvenTvis problemuri sityvebis sia; _ daxedeT Canawers. wesebi, romlebic daicaviT, ukavSirdeboda sxvadasxva

zmnur formebs? _ ZiriTadad, ras gaarTviT Tavi warmatebiT interviuSi?

samuSao furceli 5b: Tqveni moTxovnebis, kursis saxelmZRvanelosa da silabusis gadaxedva

_ axali enisaTvis SeadgineT cxrili, romelic iqneba 1 samuSao fur-celze mocemuli cxrilis msgavsi, magram ufro grZeli. am cxrilSi aRniSneT is adgilebi, sadac imedovnebT, rom mogecemaT axali enis gamoyenebis saSualeba; agreTve, adamiani, romelTanac mogiwevT komunikacia da misi roli. gansazRvreT, ras gaakeTebT komunikaciis dros, raze aigeba TviT es komunikacia, ra saxiTa da saSualebiT mogiwevT masSi monawileoba.

_ msgavsi cxrili SeadgineT enis saswavlo kursis saxelmZRvanelosa da sxva masalebisaTvis. ecadeT, gansazRvroT, ra principebis mixedviTaa organ-izebuli es masalebi. Tu SesaZlebelia, mimarTeT kompetenciebSi mocemul enis gamoyenebis kategoriebs.

_ dabolos, msgavsi cxrili SeadgineT enis silabusisaTvis, romlis gamo-yenebasac apirebT.

_ SeadareT es sami cxrili, ramdenad miesadageba isini erTmaneTs?

samuSao furceli 5g: Tqveni mxridan axali enis swavlaze dafiqreba scadeT Semdegi aqtivobebi. isini gulisxmobs dafiqrebas swavlis

procesze, radgan is Tqvenze zegavlenas axdens. _ SeamowmeT, rogor iyenebT enas drois svlasTan erTad. _ xom ar SeiZina man me-3 TemaSi CamoTvlili damwyebi an saSualo donis

Semswavlelis maxasiaTeblebi? magaliTad, zmnebis gamoyenebas Tanamimdevruli saxe mieca, Tu igi mudmivad cvalebadia? arsebobs iseTi konteqstebi, sadac cvalebadoba ufro xSiria? ratom xdeba es ase?

_ drois svlasTan erTad, aRricxeT is strategiebi, romelTac iyenebT swavlaSi. romel midgomas amjobinebT _ kiTxvasa da mosmenas enis didi mocu-lobis gamoyenebiT, Tu saxelmZRvaneloTi an gramatikis swavlas, an sistemis formalur Seswavlas? iyenebT am midgomebs Sereuli saxiT?

_ gaarkvieT, ramdenad damokidebuli xarT saxelmZRvaneloebsa da maswav-leblebze, rogorc swavlaSi gzamkvlevebze. arsebobs Tu ara gadawyvetilebebi, romelTac yovelTvis damoukidebelad RebulobT, radgan xvdebiT, rom calkeuli faqtorebi Tqvenda sasikeTod muSaobs an ar muSaobs?

_ ramdenad mniSvnelovania TqvenTvis testebi da gamocdebi? _ ra gaZlevT motivacias, axali enis swavlis gasagrZeleblad? _ Tqveni daintereseba mocemuli eniT da im xalxiT, vinc masze metyvelebs? _ Tqveni daintereseba, zogadad, enebiT? _ enebis swavlis mxriv mopovebuli warmateba? _ Tqveni maswavleblis, mSoblebis, megobrebis enTuziazmi?

140

Ufnb!JJJ!

fopcsjwj!hbobUmfcjt!ebhfhnwbTj-!!pshboj{fcbTj-!njxpefcbtb!eb!ybsjtyjt!!TfgbtfcbTj!vTvbmp!npobxjmfUbUwjt!!

Sesavali es ganyofileba gaTvlilia maTze, vinc pasuxismgebelia enobrivi

ganaTlebis menejmentze. miuxedavad imisa, rom aseTi adamianebis umravlesoba

uSualod monawileobda an monawileobs swavlebaSi, es Tavi, ufro metad, iseT

sakiTxebs exeba, romelTa ganxilvac saklaso oTaxis farglebs gareT unda

moxdes. isini moicavs gadawyvetilebebs dagegmvaze _ gansakuTrebiT,

kurikulumTan mimarTebaSi, erovnul, regionul da institucionalur doneebze,

agreTve, enis swavlis aqtivobebis miwodebasa da organizebas, xarisxis

uzrunvelyofisa da kontrolis procesebsa da procedurebs. amasTan,

vimedovnebT, rom es ganyofileba misaRebi da gamosadegi iqneba kurikulumis

reformirebis komitetis, skolis akademiuri mmarTvelebis, inspeqtorebisa da

enobrivi ganaTlebis administraciis wevrebis, enis fakultetebis

xelmZRvanelobisa da maswavleblebisaTvis, romelTac surT bolomde gaerkvion

im konteqstSi, romelSic swavleba mimdinareobs da im gadawyvetilebaTa

ganxilvebSi, romlebic zegavlenas axdens maT muSaobaze.

es gzamkvlevi efuZneba oTx wina naSromis momxmarebelTa gzamkvlevis

seriaSi:

� saganmanaTleblo politikaSi gadawyvetilebaTa mimRebni, avtorebi

andre baieni da rune bergenTofTi;

� kurikulumis SemmuSaveblebi avtori jei sToqsi

� zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis uzrunvelmyofebi, avtorebi toni

fiTzpatriki da maik maqoSi;

� xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontroli, avtorebi piter

brauni da frenk heivorti

momxmarebelTa aRniSnul gzamkvlevebSi aRwerili sakiTxebi aq

warmodgenilia saganamaTleblo da marTvis procesebis saxiT, romlebic aris an

unda iyos Tanamimdevruli. gadawyvetilebebi erovnuli kurikulumebis Sesaxeb,

ganixileba politikuri da saganmanaTleblo miznebis farTo konteqstSi.

gadawyvetilebebze regionuli, institucionaluri an adgilobrivi

kurikulumebis Sesaxeb, zegavlenas axdens sakiTxebi organizebisa da miwodebis

praqtikulobaze, rogoricaa swavlebisa da swavlis unarebi, saTanado

resursebisa da adekvaturad momzadebuli ganmanaTleblebis arseboba da enis

swavlisaTvis gamoyofili drois optimalurad gamoyeneba. Sesabamisad,

gadawyvetilebaTa proeqtireba moiTxovs im zomebis gaTvaliswinebas, romlebic

emsaxureba xarisxis uzrunvelyofasa da Sefasebas _ xdeba miznebis miRweva?

xdeba momxmarebelTa moTxovnebis da survilebis _ Semswavlelebi, mSoblebi,

damsaqmeblebi, a. S. _ dakmayofileba? procesebs sworxazovani saxe aqvs: iwyeba

141

dagegmvis procesiTa da kurikulumis SedgeniT; Semdeg ganixileba

organizaciisa da miwodebis sakiTxebi da bolos xdeba Sedegebis Sefaseba da

xarisxis kontroli. swored aseTi Tanamimdevroba aqvs sakiTxebis ganxilvas

gzamkvlevis sxvadasxva ganyofilebebSi, rac mis gamoyenebas moxerxebuls xdis.

sxvadasxva elementebi Seadgens uwyveti procesis nawils, sadac ukukavSiris

kvanZi saSualebas unda iZleodes, rom xarisxis Sefasebis procedurebis

Sedegebi zegavlenas axdendes enis swavlebis dagegmvaze, proeqtirebasa da

miwodebaze da gadawyvetilebebze, kurikulumis amocanebze, rom ganisazRvros

kriteriumebi, romelTa gamoyenebac moxdeba xarisxis Sefasebis procesebSi.

dagegmva miwodeba

winamdebare gzamkvlevi dayofilia sam ganyofilebad

ganyofileba Sedgeba ori nawilisagan.

ganyofileba 1 kurikulumis Sedgena da

gadaxedva

z

i

T

ganyofileba 2 enis Seswavlis organizeba z

i

T

ganyofileba 3 xarisxis uzrunvelyofa

da kontroli

z

i

T

yoveli ganyofilebis bolos mocemulia samuSao furceli

pirveli ganyofileba aris im ZiriTadi pricnipebisa

romlebic CarTulia kurikulumis Sedgenasa da gadax

aqcents akeTebs skolis seqtorze.

meore ganyofilebaSi ganixileba enis swavlis aq

organizeba, magram amjerad ufro farTo WrilSi, enis s

bis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogoricaa enis kerZo institutebi.

mesame ganyofilebis meore nawili uzrunvelyofs m

bis nawilebze, romlebic gansakuTrebiT miesadageba pir

weril principebsa da sakiTxebs. es imas ar niSnavs, ro

nawili adekvaturi ar aris. isini emsaxureba gzamkvlev

trirebas, rom naTeli mohfinos calkeul principebsa

Seitanos xelmiswvdomi ofciebis gaTviTcnobierebulad

gadawyvetilebebSi.

yovel ganyofilebaSi pirveli nawili uzrunvelyo

da SeiZleba wakiTxul iqnes kompetenciebis mudmivad gam

nawilSi mkiTxvels miewodeba kompetenciebis saTanad

bolos wamoWril sakiTxebTan erTad, dafiqrebisTvis u

sxva sakiTxebisa, romlebic ukavSirdeba enobrivi ganaTl

izebas, miwodebasa da xarisxis Sefasebas.

dabolos, mocemulia samuSao furclebi, isini ef

warmodgenil kiTxvebs dafiqrebisaTvis da momxmarebelT

samuSao furclebi uzrunvelyofs CarCos principebisa da

142

xarisxis

Sefaseba

da yoveli

ogadi sakiTxebis miT-

Teba kompetenciebis sa-

anado ganyofilebebze

ogadi sakiTxebi miT-



ogadi sakiTxebi miT-



da sakiTxebis aRwera,

edvaSi, da ZiriTadad,

tivobebis miwodeba da

wavlis sxva konteqste-

iTiTebebs kompetencie-

vel ganyofilebaSi aR-

m kompetenciebis yvela

iT sargeblobis ilus-

da sakuTari wvlili

ganxilvasa da misaReb

fs zogad orientacias

oyenebis gareSe. meore

o ganyofilebebi. maT

zrunvelyofilia rigi

ebis dagegmvas, organ-

uZneba kompetencieb-Si

a pirvel gzamkvlevebs.

sakiTxebis struqtur-

izebuli ganxilvisaTvis da winadadebebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba maTi morgeba

momxmarebelTa profesiul garemoze. Isini SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes kvalifi-

kaciis asamaRlebeli treningis aqtivobebSi an dagegmvis procesSi, magaliTad,

maSin, roca kurikulumis reformirebis komiteti muSaobas iwyebs, aseve, sa-

fuZvlad individualuri dafiqrebisaTvis.

gzamkvlevis mizania kompetenciebis SinaarsisaTvis dasrulebuli saxis

miniWeba da iseTi Temebis Semotana, romlebsac kompetenciebi ar moicavs an zed-

apirulad ganixilavs.

143

Ubwj!W!

jei sToqsi

saskolo seqtorisaTvis kurikulumis Sedgena da gadaxedva

nawili 1 _ Sesavali

es Tavi Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi nawilisagan:

pirvel nawilSi ganxilul iqneba kurikulumis SedgenasTan, gadaxedvasa

da modernizebasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi sakiTxebi. swored aseTi Zireuli

sakiTxebis ganxilvas unda mimarTavdnen saministroebi, kurikulumis reformire-

bis komitetebi da sxva organoebi, romelTac evalebaT saskolo sistemisaTvis

Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumebis mimoxilva da modernizireba. termini `kuri-

kulumi~ ganmartebulia r. uoqeris mixedviT da moiazrebs ara mxolod werilo-

biT dokuments, aramed saganmanaTleblo procesebis bevrad ufro farTo Wrils:

`kurikulumi exeba saganmanaTleblo programis Sinaarssa da daniSnulebas, maTi

organizebis sakiTxebTan erTad~ (uoqeri 1990)

kurikulumis SemuSaveba iSviaTad iwyeba àrafridan~. maSinac ki, roca

unda moxdes Zireuli reformebis gatareba ganaTlebis sistemaSi, arsebobs tra-

dicia da kurikulumis Sedgenaze pasuxismgebeli xalxi, romlebic wina ver-

siebsa da tradiciebs iTvaliswineben. aqedan gamomdinare, albaT, ufro marTe-

buli iqneba, kurikulumebTan mimarTebaSi gamoviyenoT terminebi `gadaxedva~ da

`modernizireba~. garda am zogadi sakiTxebisa, mokled mimovixilavT Taname-

drove enebis kurikulumis rolsa da funqcias. miuxedavad imisa, rom es nawili

moiazrebs zogad orientacias, drodadro adgili eqneba kompetenciebis Sesa-

bamis nawilebze miTiTebas. es nawili miznad isaxavs mkiTxvelisaTvis zogadi

Sesavlis miwodebas, rac ar saWiroebs kompetenciebis mudmivad moSveliebas.

punqtSi 2.1, yvela sakiTxi moxseniebuli nawilSi 1, ufro detalurad

iqneba ganxiluli. am etapze, mivesalmebiT, mkiTxvelis mier kompetenciebis sa-

Tanado nawilebis gadaxedvasa da gaTvaliswinebas. kompetenciebis am nawilis

bolos mocemul SekiTxvebs daemateba kidev ramdenime mkiTxvelis megzurobisaT-

vis.

nawilSi 3 mocemulia ramdenime samuSao furceli da davaleba. nagulisx-

mevia maTi gamoyeneba, rogorc individualur, ise jgufur aqtivobebSi, magali-

Tad, maSin, roca komiteti muSaobas iwyebs kurikulumis gadaxedvaze. .maTi miza-

nia gaTviTcnobierebulobis gazrda da imis Cveneba, Tu raoden Rirebuli iqneba

kompetenciebiT sargebloba kurikulumze muSaobisas, radgan mas SeuZlia per-

speqtiuli momxmareblis uzrunvelyofa praqtikuli gamocdilebiT.

144

1. kurikulumis SedgenaSi, gadaxedvasa da modernizebaSi CarTuli Ziri-

Tadi sakiTxebi da principebi

· zogadi mimarTulebebi

sazogadoebaSi, romelic arnaxuli tempiT icvleba, ganaTlebis sferos

xelmZRvaneli pirebi dganan saganmanaTleblo debulebaTa modernizirebis amo-

canis winaSe, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes axalgazrdebis momzadeba im rolisaTvis,

romelic maT unda itvirTon samomavlod. aseve, aucilebeli xdeba saskolo ku-

rikulumebis regularuli modernizeba, sazogadoebis cvalebadi moTxovnebis

mixedviT. gamonakliss arc Tanamedrove enebis sfero warmoadgens. bolo aT-

wleulebSi momxdari araerTi cvlilebidan, romelTa mowmenic Tavad gavxdiT,

Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumebis proeqtirebisa da Sedgenis mxriv, gansakuTre-

biT mniSvnelovania Semdegi:

· skolebis cvalebadi kontingenti

bevr qveyanaSi, bolo ormoci wlis manZilze, SedarebiT erTgvarovani eT-

nikuri saxis mqone saskolo kontingenti Seicvala Zalze mravalferovani mra-

valenovani (multilingvuri) kontingentiT. es cvlileba mniSvnelovnad ganapi-

roba iseTma faqtorebma, rogoricaa migracia ojaxis xelaxali gaerTianebis

Sedegad, ltolviTa didi nakadis Camosvla da Sromis sferos internacionali-

zacia. amJamad Zalian bevri skola dgas iseTi amocanis winaSe, rogoricaa

sruliad gansxvavebul enebze molaparake bavSvebis ganaTleba imis gaTvalis-

winebiT, rom yoveli maTgani gansxvavebuli enis Seswavlas aniWebs upiratesobas.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom bavSvebi aRar metyveleben erT mSobliur enaze, saWiro

gaxda pirveli enis kurikulumis gadaxedvac. dRis wesrigSi dadga skolis kuri-

kulumiT SemoTavazebuli enebis swavlis gadaxedvac. xdeba ra mravalenovani

(plurilingvuri) fonisa da mravalenovnebis (plurilingvurobis) Semdgomi gan-

viTarebis survilis gaTvaliswineba, saWiroa Tanamimdevruli da koordinire-

buli midgoma. kompetenciebs SeuZlia megzuroba gauwios am sakiTxebze momuSave

kurikulumis reformirebis komitets maSinac, ki, roca mimdinareobs ukve miRe-

buli principebis Sesruleba.

· saerTaSoriso mobiluroba

zemoxsenebul sakiTxs mWirdrod ukavSirdeba gaTviTcnobierebulobis

zrda im mxriv, rom cxovrebis yovel seqtorSi saWiro xdeba Tanamedrove enebis

dauflebis unarebi. ekonomikis globalizaciis Sedegad, sul ufro met adamians

mouwevs muSaoba saerTaSoriso garemoSi, sadac enobrivi unarebi sasicocxlo

mniSvnelobisaa. evropis sabWos axal wevr qveynebSi, centralur da aRmosavleT

evropis saxelmwifoebSi, didi Zalisxmeva da energia moxmarda Tanamedrove ene-

bis kurikulumebis reformas. moxda Zlier gabatonebuli rusuli enis swavli-

dan Tanamedrove enebis swavlis ufro gansxvavebul midgomaze gadasvla. Tumca,

aRsaniSnavia, rom TviT Zvel wevr saxelmwifoebSic ki, enebis swavleba politi-

kuri dRis wesrigiT iyo marTuli.

mravalma qveyanam daiwyo moqmedeba Tanamedrove enebis Seswavlis

xelSesawyobad. kompetenciebs SeuZlia megzuroba iseT sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi,

rogoricaa sazogadoebisa da individualuri Semswavlelebis axali moTxovnebis

dakmayofileba, enobrivi cenzebis gamWvirvale sistemis Seqmna da kurikulumSi

adgilis gamoZebna nawilobrivi cenzebiT, orenovani ganaTlebis formebis da

skolis farglebs gareT enis swavlis praqtikis kreditacia.

145

· axali informacia da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi

informaciisa da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis sferoSi momxdari ganvi-

Tareba marTlac gasaocaria. TiTqmis aTi wlis win, interneti is sakomunikacio

qseli iyo, romliTac, ZiriTadad swavlulebi sargeblobdnen. axla mas mil-

ionobiT adamiani iyenebs. mTavrobebi da saministroebi miiCneven, rom mas

sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs studentebis axal teqnologiebTan gacnobis

saqmeSi. garda amisa, xsenebulma axalma teqnologiebma kari gauRo uzarmazar

SesaZleblobebs enis swavlis TvalsazrisiT, rac gulisxmobs CD-ROM-iT, DVD-

iTa da internetiT, eleqtronuli fostiT mowodebul multimediur kursebs,

`CeT-boqsebsa~ da TiTqmis yvela enaze xelmisawvdom didi moculobis monacemebs

da / an teqstebs. bevri axali teqnologia jer kidev srulad gamoyenebuli ar

aris enis swavlis TvalsazrisiT. enebis Seswavla cifrul saswavlo garemoSi

axal moTxovnebs uyenebs maswavlebels, kursis organizators da Semswavlels.

kompetenciebi megzurobas gTavazobs aRniSnul cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebis

mxrivac.

· naklebi Careva mTavrobis mxridan

zogierT qveyanaSi saskolo wesebisa da wesdebebis dadgena, ZiriTadad,

centralizebuli saganmanaTleblo sistemis farglebSi xdeba. maSin, roca rig

qveynebSi arsebobs mTavrobisa da saministroebis mxridan naklebad Carevis

tendencia da skolebisaTvis ufro meti avtonomiurobis miniWeba. ukve sagrZnobi

gaxda, rom centralizebuli sistema veRar axerxebs zomebis centralizebulad

gatarebas skolebTan mimarTebaSi, radgan dRis wesrigSi dgas sruliad

gansxvavebuli adgilobirvi moTxovnebi da problemebi. sxvadasxva mizniT asig-

nirebuli biujetebis uzrunvelyofis naclvad, axla skolebi Rebuloben erT-

droul dafinansebas da Tavad uxdebaT gadawvetilebaTa miReba. skolebs

SeuZliaT am Tanxis sxvadasxva saxiT gankargva da specifikuri saskolo pro-

filebis Seqmna, magaliTad, iseTis, romelic aqcents akeTebs Tanamedrove enebze,

mecnierebaze, xelovnebaze da axal teqnologiebze. es politika zegavlenas

axdens saskolo kurikulumis SemuSavebazec, radgan is exeba erovnuli kuriku-

lumis detalur aRweras da mis kavSirs regionul, adgilobriv an skolis

doneze SemuSavebul kurikulumebTan. kompetenciebs SeuZlia megzuroba im ar-

Cevanis ganxilvasTan mimarTebaSi, romelic unda gakeTdes sxvadasxva doneebze.

· Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumebi

es nawili ganixilavs mTavrobis mier kontrolirebadi da dafinansebuli

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mier Sedgenil kurikulumebs; magaliTad,

dawyebiTi, saSualo da profesiuli ganaTlebis skolebi, sadac swavloben 5-dan

18 wlamde asakis bavSvebi. gansakuTrebuli aqcenti keTdeba saSualo ganaTlebis

seqtorze, 10 / 12 / -18 / 19.

ganaTlebis am seqtorisaTvis Seqmnili kurikulumebi Cveulebriv, zustad

gansazRvravs Semdeg komponentebs:

· SemoTavazebul enebs. xSirad gansxvaveben ara mxolod pirvel da

meore, aramed mesame da meoTxe enebsac. zogierT qveyanaSi, arsebobs dawyebiTi

skolebi, romlebic arCevans gvTavazoben enebis mxriv, Tumca aris iseTi skole-

bic, sadac mxolod erTi ena iswavleba. saSualo ganaTlebaSi, gaerTianebuli

samefosa da irlandiis farglebs gareT, bevr saxelmwifoSi inglisuri, rogorc

ucxo ena, dominirebs, magram didia sxva enebis mxriv SemoTavazebuli arCevanic.

samwuxarod, es arCevani ufro didia TeoriaSi, xolo praqtikaSi yovelTvis ad-

vili ar aris naklebad gavrcelebuli enis swavleba gamomdinare iqidan, rom

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cotaa maswavlebeli da mcirea aseTi enis SeswavliT dainteresebuli studente-

bis raodenobac. meore sakiTxi, romelsac exeba enobrivi politika, aris moce-

mul qveyanaSi mcxovrebi umciresobebis enebi. bavSvebs, romlebic am enebze mety-

veleben, eZlevaT Tu ara maTi skolaSi Seswavlisa da saTanado kreditebis

miRebis saSualeba? mSobliuri enis SenarCunebisaTvis saaTebis gamoyofa xom ar

xdeba ucxo enebis xarjze? an Tu arsebobs iseT praqtika, romelic iTvalis-

winebs aseTi enebis swavlebas im bavSvebisaTvis, romlebic umciresobas ar mie-

kuTvnebian? magaliTad, SeuZliaT Turq bavSvebs airCion Turquli, rogorc, da-

vuSvaT, germanulis alternativa, maSin roca mocemul klasSi myofi bavSvebis

umravlesoba germanuls swavlobs, an ramdenad SesaZlebelia, rom Turquli

iswavlon araTurqma bavSvebmac?

amJamad bevr qveyanaSi aswavlian mezobeli saxelmwifoebis enebsac. maT

swavlasTan mimarTebaSi xdeba axali midgomebis SemuSaveba. aseve, unda gairkves

maTi mimarTeba kurikulumSi arsebul sxva enebTanac, gansakuTrebiT im

SemTxvevaSi, roca es enebi ukve iswavleba dawyebiT doneze da saWiroa maTi

saSualo doneze saTanadod gagrZelebis uzrunvelyofa.

dabolos, kurikulumSi Tanamedrove enebis diversifikaciisa da ramdenime

enis Seswavlis xelSesawyobad mimdinareobs muSaoba drois problemis gadasaW-

relad, nawilobrivi cenzebisa da orenovani ganaTlebis formebis SemoTavazebis

gziT. yvela aRniSnuli sakiTxi ganixileba kompetenciebis me-8 TavSi.

· erovnuli kurikulumebi, Cveulebriv, uzrunvlyofs saerTo arssa da

im doneebis specifikacias, romlebic miRweuli unda iqnes. kompetenciebs

SeuZlia daxmareba warsulSi gakeTebuli arCevanis gadasaxedad. mniSvnelovania,

SemuSavdes erTi Tanamimdevruli kurikulumi yvela enisaTvis, romelic skolaSi

iswavleba, rac xels Seuwyobs enebis maswavlebelTa koordinacias, xolo

Semswavlelebs did sargeblobas moutans enis TiToeul klasSi SeZenili

unarebi. kompetenciebis me-4 TavSi mocemulia gasaTvaliswinebeli kategoriebis

aRwera da miTiTebulia, romeli kategoria eqvemdebareba skalirebas. am mxriv,

kompetenciebi gvTavazobs metad Tanamimdevrul standarts, rac saSualebas

gvaZlevs aRvweroT rogorc zogadi doneebi, ise calkeuli qvekategoriebisaTvis

dayofili skalebis erToblioba. TiToeul SemTxvevaSi unda moxdes specifiku-

robis xarisxis gansazRvra. Cveulebriv, saskolo sistema saWiroebs doneebis

ufro detalur aRweras im eqvs ganvrcobil donesTan SedarebiT, romlebic

warmodgenilia kompetenciebis me-3 TavSi, sxva mxriv, SeuZlebeli iqneba difer-

encireba klasebis mixedviT da drois misaReb periodSi miRweuli progresis

Cveneba. kompetenciebs SeuZlia megzuroba Sida saskolo miznebisaTvis doneebis

dayofis TvalsazrisiT (ix. mag. 1. 3.5-Si)

· erovnuli kurikulumi aseve moicavs erTgvar logikur dasabuTe-

basac, ganacxads, romelic iZleva angariSs SerCeul midgomasTan, doneebisa da

kategoriebis arCevanTan mimarTebaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom ar arsebobs enis

Seswavlisa da swavlebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli Teoria, kompetenciebi gvTa-

vazobs am sakiTxis irgvliv amJamad arsebuli Sexedulebebis mimoxilvas. kompe-

tenciebis momxmareblebs SeuZliaT isargeblon me-6 TaviT, romelic am sakiTxs

ganixilavs.

· gamomdinare iqidan, rom Tanamedrove enebi Seadgens specifikuri

saskolo seqtoris ufro didi kurikulumis nawils, mniSvnelovania imis gansaz-

Rvra, Tu ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia Tanamedrove enebis kurikulums ufro

farTo saganmanaTleblo miznebSi, rogoricaa Semswavlelis avtonomiis xel-

Sewyoba, socialuri unarebis SeZena da swavla imisa, Tu rogor viswavloT.

calkeuli winadadebebis moZieba ASesaZlebelia kompetenciebis nawilSi zogadi

kompetenciebis Sesaxeb, kompetenciebis punqtebi 5.1 da 6.4.6

· dabolos, mniSvnelovania im faqtis gaTaviseba, rom enis swavla ar

izRudeba mxolod skolis farglebiT da ar mTavrdeba skolis dasrulebasTan

erTad. skola saSualebas unda aZlevdes studentebs, bolomde isargeblon ene-

bis Seswavlis SesaZleblobebiT, ojaxSi informaciisa da sakomunikacio

147

teqnologiebis (ECT) saSualebiT, gacvliTi programebiT, sazRvargareT mog-

zaurobiT da a. S. SesaZlebeli unda iyos gzebis moZieba am saswavlo praqtikis

kreditaciisaTvis. ELP-i is instrumentia, romelsac, am mxriv mniSvnelovani

rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia. es portfolio mokled aris moxseniebuli me-8

TavSi.

2. kurikulumis Sedgena, gadaxedva da modernizeba:

direqtivebi kompetenciebiT sargeblobisaTvis

es nawili ufro dawvrilebiTi ganixilavs pirvel nawilSi warmodgenil

sakiTxebs da pirdapir migviTiTebs kompetenciebis Sesabamis ganyofilebebze.

ZiriTadi sakiTxi mokled Sejamdeba. mkiTxvels mivuTiTebT kompetenciebis sa-

Tanado nawilze da mivesalmebiT, mis mier rogorc iq wamoWrili sakiTxebis, ise

gzamkvlevSi damatebiT Semotanili sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebas.

· enebis arCevani kurikulumSi, anu rogor SevqmnaT pirobebi mrava-

lenovnebis (plurilingvurobis) ganviTarebisa da gaumjobesebisaTvis.

· zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi da saskolo sistema

· kategoriebi, kurikulumSi enebis aRwerisaTvis

· logikuri dasabuTeba Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumisaTvis

· enebi, informacia da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi

· skolis farglebs gareT enis swavlis kreditacia.

M2. 1. mravalenovneba (plurilingvuroba) da kurikulumi

evropis sabWos erT-erTi ZiriTadi principi mravalenovnebis

(plurilingvurobis) xelSewyobaa. mSobliuri enis garda, evropis moqalaqeebs

unda eZleodeT ramdenime ucxo enis Seswavlis saSualeba. Tumca, am sakiTxis

mogvareba yovelTvis advili ar aris, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT wnexs kurikulumSi

Setanili sxva sagnebis mxridan, romlebic saaTebs moiTxovs. kompetenciebis me-8

TavSi SemuSavebulia mravalenovnebis (plurilingvurobis) cneba. erTni

amtkiceben, rom ramdenime enis Seswavla ar unda moiazrebodes procesad,

romlis meSveobiTac adamiani eufleba erT enas meoris Semdeg an paralelurad,

da rom mravalenovneba (plurilingvuroba) aris Sedgenili kompetencia, romlis

gamoyenebac SeuZlia momxmarebels.

zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswineba mniSvnelovania Tanamedrove enebis

kurikulumebis dadgenisas da iseTi sistemis Seqmnisas, romelic erTi enis

swavlebas yovelTvis sxva enebis swavlebasTan kavSirSi ganixilavs.

aseve mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswinebac, Tu rogor SeiZleba

mravaleTnikuri saskolo kontingentidan gamomdinare, bevr skolaSi arsebuli

enobrivi mravalferovnebis gamoyeneba mravalenovnebis (plurilingvurobis)

ganviTarebisaTvis.

me-8 Tavis bolos wamoWrili sakiTxebis garda, mkiTxvelma SeiZleba

isurvos Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvac.

1. rogor gamoviyenoT skolebSi ukve arsebuli enobrivi

mravalferovneba, mravalenovani (plurilingvuri) kompetenciis

ganviTarebisaTvis?

2. ra stimuli unda mieceT maswavleblebs imisaTvis, rom gadaabijon

sakuTari enis sazRvrebs da iTanamSromlon mravalenovani (plurilingvuri)

kompetenciis ganviTarebisaTvis?

3. rogor unda moxerxdes maswavlebelTa adekvaturad momzadeba, bevr

skolaSi arsebuli enobrivi mravalferovnebisaTvis Tavis gasarTmevad?

4. ramdenad kmayofili iqnebian maswavleblebi nawilobrivi

kompetenciis an orenovani ganaTlebis SedegebiT?

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2. 2. zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi da saskolo sistema

bevri kurikulumi moicavs miTiTebebs im doneebze, romlebic miRweul

unda iqnes. problema is aris, rom am doneebis aRwerilobebi xSirad gaugebaria

sistemis farglebs gareT myofi adamianebisaTvis. etapobrivad, sistemis

farglebSi moqceuli yvela adamiani _ maswavleblebi, mSoblebi da studentebi

_ garkveul warmodgenas iqmnian im donesTan mimarTebaSi, romelsac miaRwia

rigiTma studentma, vTqvaT, saSualo ganaTlebaSi, magram miRebuli Sefaseba

bevrs arafers niSnavs sistemis farglebs gareT. roca studenti sazRvargareT

miemgzavreba da xelSi uWiravs skolis atestati, romelSic aRniSnulia, rom

misi Sefaseba inglisurSi aris 7, ucxoeli damsaqmebeli verc ki gaigebs, ras

niSnavs es 7.

mobilurobis zrdasTan erTad, gaizarda doneebis aRwerilobis ufro

gamWvirvale sistemis Seqmnis moTxovnac. kompetenciebis me-3 Tavsa da punqtSi 2.2

aRwerilia am ganviTarebis safuZveli. ufro teqnikuri detalebi da skalebis

magaliTebi mocemulia me-9 Tavsa da danarTebSi.

zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli standartis

punqtebia. maTi gamoyeneba mravalnairad SeiZleba _ portfolioSi CarTviTa da

TviTSefasebisaTvis. TviTSefasebis funqcia mniSvnelovania maSin, roca

Semswavlelebi iZenen iseT unarebs, romelTa damadasturebeli formaluri

sertifikati ar gaaCniaT. maT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon kompetenciebis doneebi da

deskriptorebi, sakuTari codnisa da enobrivi unarebis Sesafaseblad. Tumca,

xelmZRvanel pirebs, SeuZliaT daadginon formaluri cenzebi da gansazRvron,

romel dones Seesabameba miRebuli Sefaseba, zogadi kompetenciebis doneebis

mixedviT. amgvarad, pirebs, romlebic amTavreben saSualo ganaTlebas, saSualeba

miecemaT aRweron sakuTari kompetencia gamWvirvaled, rac sayovelTaod

misaRebi iqneba. garda amisa, Tu adamiani moisurvebs swavlis gagrZelebas kerZo

dawesebulebebSi, ukve ecodineba, ra dones miaRwia.

Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom eqvsi done yovelTvis sakmaris ar aris saskolo

sistemis miznebisaTvis. es sistema moiTxovs ufro zedmiwevniT dayofas, rom

SesaZlebeli gaxdes drois SedarebiT mokle periodSi miRweuli progresis

Cveneba. kompetenciebis punqtebSi 3.4 da 3.5 mocemulia direqtivebi zedmiwevniT

dayofasTan mimarTebaSi.

me-3 Tavisi wamoWrili sakiTxebis garda, mkiTxvelma SeiZleba isurvos

Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvac:

1. rogor fiqrobT, Tqvens konteqstSi arsebuli doneebis deskriptorebi

ramdenad gamWvirvalea sistemis farglebs gareT myofi adamianebisaTvis?

2. gaqvT Tu ara survili, rom Tqveni erovnuli cenzebi miesadagebodes

zogadi kompetenciebis doneebs?

3. migaCniaT Tu ara, rom kompetenciebis eqvsi done damakmayofilebelia,

Tu Tqveni sistema saWiroebs ufro zedmiwevniT dayofas?

2. 3. kategoriebi kurikulumSi enebis aRwerisaTvis

Kkurikulumis monaxazis Seqmnisas, pasuxismgebel pirebs aqvT ofciebis

sakmaod didi arCevani. kategoriebis SerCeva xdeba dokumentis funqciis

mixedviT. preskriptuli saxis dokumenti saWiroebs sruliad gansxvavebul

kategoriebs im dokumentTan SedarebiT, romelic gvTavazobs megzurobas an

kriteriumebs regionul an adgilobriv donesTan mimarTebaSi.

149

kompetenciebis funqciaa, daxmareba gacnobierebuli arCevanis

gasakeTeblad. yoveli Tavi gvTavazobs dafiqrebas enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis

konkretul aspeqtze da maTi Sesabamisobis ganxilvas maTsave konteqstsa da

miznebTan. gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom arc ise advilia kompetenciebis bolomde

wakiTxva da mis yovel nawilze sakuTari azris Camoyalibeba. TviT yvelaze

ufro gamocdili praqtikosebic ki SeiZleba SeuSindnen ofciaTa udides

arCevans. Tanac, kurikulumis reformis komitetebi, TiTqmis yovelTvis, drois

wnexs qveS muSaoben. sawyisi monaxazi farTo konsultaciebs eqvemdebareba.

kompetenciebis momxmareblebs SeuZliaT daiwyon im kategoriebis gadaxedva,

romelTa mixedviTac aris dawerili mocemuli dokumenti. garda amisa, maT

SeiZleba isurvon SekiTxvaTa mxolod SezRuduli raodenobis ganxilva.

dasawyisisaTvis, gTavazobT Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvas:

· aqvs Tu ara azri enis gamoyenebis konteqstis Setanas kurikulumSi?

* ramdenad marTebulia kompetenciebSi moxseniebuli zedmiwevniT dayofa

da zepiri interaqciis an zepiri producirebis erTmaneTisagan garCeva, an

mediaciis Setana?

· dokumentSi moxsenebuli iseTi Temebi, rogoricaa zRvruli done

1990, ramdenad miesadageba im kurikulums, romlis monaxazic unda gakeTdes?

· moxseniebul unda iqnes teqstis tipebi?

· unda moxdes davalebaTa specifikacia?

· ra roli eniWeba strategiebs da unda moxdes maTi gansazRvra?

aRniSnuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis Semdeg, mkiTxvelma SeiZleba isurvon me-4

da me-5 Tavebis gadaxedva da yoveli nawilis Semdeg mocemuli SekiTxvebis ganx-

ilva. amas SeiZleba mohyves maT mier gadawyvetilebis miReba imasTan dakavSire-

biT, unda moxdes Tu ara kategoriebis Setana kurikulumSi.

2. 4. logikuri dasabuTeba Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumisaTvis

Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumebis gadaxedvas an modernizebas ganapi-

robebs is, rom Zveli versia Aadekvaturad aRar miiCneva. pirvel nawilSi ga-

movkeTeT ramdenime saxis ganviTareba, rac aucilebels xdis kurikulumebis

modernizacias. maT Sorisaa cvalebadi saskolo kontingenti da ganviTareba in-

formaciisa da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis sferoSi.

Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom Tanamedrove enebis swavlebasa da swavlaze

arsebuli Sexedulebebic cvalebadia. miuxedavad imisa, rom àm etapze ar arse-

bobs kvlevis Sedegebze dafuZnebuli sakmarisad myari konsensusi imis Taobaze,

Tu rogor swavloben Semswavlelebi da kompetenciebi ver eyrdnoba vercerT

saswavlo Teorias~ (kompetenciebi, punqti 6.2.2.1) moiZebneba sxvadasxva saxis,

zogjer sapirispiro, ganviTareba, romlis gamoyenebac SeiZleba isurvos kuri-

kulumis reformirebis komitetma.

maswavleblebi, romlebic Tanamedrove enebs aswavlian bolo ocdaaTi

welia, zogjer imedgacruebulni arian konsensusis simciriTa da mravali

kvlevis mwiri daskvniT. isini Tvalyurs adevneben modis cvalebadobas da skep-

tikurad uyureben enis swavlebasTan mimarTebaSi axali midgomebis kurikulumSi

Setanas. didi gaurkvevlobaa iseTi aspeqtebTan mimarTebaSic, rogoricaa roli

(ra moculobiT da rodis) gamoTqma (sawyis etapze daSvebuli Secdomebis mimarT

tolerantobis gamomJRavneba, Tu simkacris gamoCena), strategiebi (sakompensacio

strategiebis adgili) Semswavlelis avtonomia (rogor unda ganaviTaros mas-

wavlebelma Semswavlelis avtonomia, ra moculobis unda iyos maswavleblis

mier studentebisaTvis miniWebuli Tavisufleba da a.S)

aqedan gamomdinare, kurikulumSi xSiria arCevanis logikurad dasabuTeba,

ganmarteba SerCeuli ofciebisa, winadadebebisa da im direqtivebisa, romlebic

praqtikulad unda iqnes gamoyenebuli saklaso oTaxis farglebSi. aucilebeli

ar aris es yvelaferi erT dokumentSi Sediodes. saganmanaTleblo reformis

procesi moiTxovs mravalgvar Carevas da aq xsenebuli aspeqtebi xSirad

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ganixileba Tanmxleb dokumentebSi, maswavlebelTa sawyis an kvalifikaciis

asamaRlebel treningebsa da RonisZiebebze.

sasurvelia, mkiTxvelma gadaxedos kompetenciebis me-6 Tavs, kerZod, pun-

qtebs 6.2 da 6.4 me-6 Tavis am punqtebSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis garda, mkiTxvelma

SeiZleba isurvos Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvac:

1. rogoria axali kurikulumis ZiriTadi novaciebi?

2. ra sferoebi moiTxovs winaaRmdegobebis gawevas?

3. ra strategiebiT unda moxdes reformis kritikuli novaciuri

sakiTxebis gatareba?

2. 5. enebi, informacia da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi

nawili 1 saerTaSoriso sakomunikacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebas im

faqtorebis ricxvs miakuTvnebs, romlebic zegavlenas axdens enis Seswavlasa da

swavlebaze. Aam teqnologiebis codna SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes erT-erT

araenobriv specifikur kompetenciad, romelic moxseniebulia kompetenciebis

punqtSi 6.4.6.3. mocemuli gzamkvlevis kompetenciis farglebSi, detalurad ver

ganixilavT sakomunikacio teqnologiebis SesaZlo gamoyenebas enis Seswavlasa

da swavlebaSi da SemovifarglebiT mxolod gamoyenebis Semdegi variantebiT:

· eleqtronuli fosta - internetis saSualebiT azrTa

urTierTgacvlisa da kontaqtisaTvis, magaliTad, specifikuri informaciis

saTxovnelad;

· `CeTboqsebi~ an qselSi Sexvedrebi _ informaciis werilobiTi

formiT urTierTgacvlisaTvis, rac sakmaod hgavs sametyvelo enas (Tumca,

zogjer gamoiyeneba specialuri kodebi, abreviatura da e.w. `smailebi~)

· video konferencia _ erTi-erTze komunikaciis saSualeba;

· internetis gamoyeneba yvelanairi saxis monacemebis misaRebad,

rogoricaa audio da video teqstebi, araxazobrivi, `hiper~ teqstebi, monacemTa

bazebi, biblioTekebi a. S.

· enis saswavlo kursebiT sargebloba, romlebic xelmisawvdomia CD-ROM-is, DVD-is saxiT agreTve òn-line” kursebi internetis saSualebiT

· eleqtronuli saweri instrumentebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa sityvaTa

procesorebi, òn-line~ leqsikonebi, marTlwerisa da gramatikis Sesamowmebeli

instrumentebi, a. S.

Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumis SemuSavebaSi monawile adamianebma

SeiZleba isurvon imis garkveva, unda iyenebdnen Tu ara Semswavlelebi sakomuni-

kacio teqnologiebs enis Seswavlisas da ra moculobiT. kompetenciebidan ga-

momdinare, SesaZlebelia Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilva.

1. unda icnobdnen Semswavlelebi e. w. ètikets~_ yofaqcevis kodeqss in-

ternetiT komunikaciisaTvis?

2. unda icnobdnen Semswavlelebi hiperteqstebs da / an sxva saxis audio

da video teqstebs?

3. rogor unda moxdes eleqtronuli saweri instrumentebis integrireba

kurikulumSi weris Sesaxeb?

4. rogor unda moxdes SemswavlelTa waxaliseba, rom maT Seiswavlon in-

terneti da gamoiyenon igi saSualebad enis avtonomiurad SeswavlisaTvis?

garda CamoTvlili sakiTxebisa, kurikulumis SemmuSavebel pirebs

SeuZliaT gamoiyenon kompetenciebi yvela im SemTxvevaSi, sadac furcels cvlis

cifruli masalebi.

2. 6. skolis farglebs gareT enis swavlis kreditacia

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enis swavla ver damTavrdeba skolis dasrulebasTan erTad ìs SeiZleba

uwyvetad gagrZeldes, Tanac bevri adamiani enas swavlobs skolis farglebs ga-

reT:

· radgan isini izrdebian mravalenovan (plurilingvur) ojaxSi;

· radgan maT aqvT sazRvargareT mogzaurobis saSualeba;

· radgan maT SeuZliaT erTi weli gaataron ucxo qveynis skolaSi;

problema is aris, Tu rogor unda Sefasdes enis swavlis es praqtika.

moswavleebma, romlebmac erTi weli dahyves amerikis saSualo skolaSi,

SeiZleba SeiZinon im donis enobrivi unarebi, rac msgavsi SesaZleblobis

aramqone maTi TanaklaselebisaTvis miuRwevelia.

kompetenciebis patara punqti eZRvneba ELP-s (punqti 8.4.2). Ees dokumenti, romelic amJamad pilotirebulia TxuTmet evropul saxelmwifoSi, saSualebas

aZlevs Semswavlelebs, dokumentis saxe miscen enis Seswavlis sakuTar praqti-

kas. ELP Sedgeba sami nawilisgan: enis biografia, pasporti da dosie. am do-

kumentSi Semswavlels SeuZlia Seitanos enis ESeswavlis sakuTari formaluri

da araformaluri praqtika, romelTagan pirveli oficialur xasiaTs atarebs,

xolo meore _ araoficialurs. ELP-Si mocemulia kompetenciebis zogadi kompe-

tenciebis doneebi (Tavi 3) ise, rom raportirebis funqcia sayovelTaod gamo-

yenebadia. dosies nawili, metwilad, pedagogiur funqcias asrulebs da saSuale-

bas aZlevs Semswavlels, Seinaxos enis Seswavlisa da kulturaTaSoris ga-

mocdilebis sferoSi Sesrulebuli samuSaos nimuSebi.

ELP-is ramdenime modeli, romlebic pilotirebulia evropis sabWos ELP-is pro-

eqtis farglebSi, xelmisawvdomia internetiTac. erovnuli portfolios gverdis

Sesaxeb miTiTebis moZieba SesaZlebelia sabWos vebgverdze: <http: / / culture>. coe. int / portfolio me-8 Tavis bolos wamoWrili sakiTxebis garda, mkiTxvelma SeiZleba isurvos

Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilva:

1. rogor unda moxdes skolis farglebs gareT enis swavlis praqtikis

kreditacia?

2. xdeba Tu ara im studentebis gansakuTrebulad gaTvaliswineba,

romlebic ukve kargad floben enas, romelic skolaSi iswavleba?

3. vin aris pasuxismgebeli skolis farglebs gareT enis swavlis

praqtikis kreditaciaze, gansakuTrebiT im enebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebic skolaSi

ar iswavleba?

3. 3. kompetenciebi praqtikaSi

es nawili moicavs ramdenime praqtikul davalebas rogorc

individualuri, ise jgufuri muSaobisaTvis, rogoricaa wevrebisaTvis

kurikulumis reformirebis komitetis gacnoba kompetenciebiT da misi

mniSvneloba konkretul praqtikul miznebTan mimarTebaSi.

SerCeul formas samuSao furclebis saxe aqvs, rasac praqtikuli

davalebebi axlavs. zogierTi maTgani pilotirebuli iyo seminarze

kompetenciebisa da kurikulumis SemuSavebis Sesaxeb, romelic Sesdga evropis

Tanamedrove enebis centrSi (ECML) gracSi, avstriaSi, 1998 wlis maisSi.

bibliografia

Walker, D. Fundamentals of curriculum, San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch 1990

152

samuSao furceli 1

kurikulumis scenaris SemuSaveba mravalenovani (plurilinvuri)

kompetenciis ganviTarebisaTvis

konteqsti

miuxedavad imisa, rom gadawyvetilebebi kurikulumSi Sesatani enebis Ser-

Cevaze, politikur doneze miiReba, saintereso iqneba gansxvavebuli enis swavli-

saTvis scenaris Seqmna, Tqveni konkretuli situaciis mixedviT. davuSvaT, rom

kurikulumi Ria xasiaTs atarebs da saSualebas aZlevs skolebs, eqsperimenti

Caataron sxvadasxva SemoTavazebebze enis mxriv da gascen direqtivebi gansxvave-

buli enis Sesaswavlad. waikiTxeT kompetenciebis me-8 Tavi enobrivi mraval-

ferovnebisa da kurikulumis Sesaxeb da ganixileT Semdegi davaleba.

davaleba

SeqmeniT scenari Tqvens saskolo sistemaSi gansxvavebuli enis swav-

lebisaTvis, iseTi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogoricaa:

� enebis arCevani

� saaTebis raodenoba, romelic, savaraudod, daeTmoba Tanamedrove

enebis Seswavlas sistemis sxvadasxva doneebze (dawyebiTi, sabazo,

saSualo)

� praqtikuli Sedegebi, rogoricaa maswavlebelTa xelmisawvdomoba.

ganixileT Sedegi ofciebi:

_ enis swavla dawyebiT skolebSi

� erTi centralizebulad gansazRvruli ena, enaTa arCevani Tu

Tavisufleba enis arCevanis mxriv

� mezobeli qveynebis enaTa roli sazRvris mimdebare teritoriebze

� enobrivi gaTviTcnobierebulobis kursi.

� moswavleebis mSobliuri enis roli da am mSobliuri kompetenciis

Semdgomi ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba

_ enebi saSualo skolis safexurze

� romeli enebi

� pirveli da meore / mesame da meoTxe Tanamedrove enis

erTmaneTisagan gansxvaveba?

� doneebi, romelTa miRwevac unda moxdes

� rogor unda Sefasdes skolis farglebs gareT enis swavla?

� enis swavlis diversifikaciis saSualebebi (orenovani ganaTleba,

nawilobrivi kompetencia).

ena dawyebiTi sabazo saSualo profesiuli

gakveTilebi statusi gakveTilebi statusi gakveTilebi statusi gakveTilebi statusi

153

statusi:

SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT Semdegi kategoriebi, magram aseve SegiZliaT

Tavisuflad daumatoT sakuTaric

X: savaldebulo

O: arCeviTi

PQ: nawilobrivi kvalifikacia;

B: damwyebTa kursi

BE: orenovani ganaTleba

NL: mezobeli qveynis ena

ML: umciresobis ena

praqtikuli Sedegebi maswavleblebisaTvis:

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

154

samuSao furceli 2

erovnuli cenzebis dakavSireba zogadi kompetenciebis doneebTan

konteqsti

adamianebi yovelTvis ver erkvevian doneTa adekvaturi aRweris sir-

TuleSi. gaTviTcnobierebulobis gazrdaze orientirebuli advili aqtivoba ga-

napirobebs doneTa deskrifciebis gamoyenebas Tqvens saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi.

ganalageT isini areulad da muSa jgufis wevrebs sTxoveT maTi dawyoba swori

TanamimdevrobiT.

es savarjiSo SeiZleba Sesruldes me-4 TavSi skalebSi warmodgenil

deskriptorebTan mimarTebaSic.

am savarjiSos Sesrulebamde, SegiZliaT muSa jgufis wevrebs sakuTari

enobrivi kompetenciis Sefaseba sTxovoT, kompetenciebis 3.3 punqtSi mocemuli

skalis mixedviT. SegiZliaT ganixiloT monacemebis Segroveba, maTi histo-

gramaSi an grafikSi Setana da Sedegebis saCveneblad powerpoint-iT prezentacia.

davalebebi

1. gadaxedeT kompetenciebis punqts 3.3 da yuradRebiT gaecaniT

deskriptorebs. SeafaseT sakuTari unarebi Tqvens mier

Seswavlil enebSi skalebze A1 A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 SegiZliaT

SeavsoT qvemoT mocemuli tabula.

A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2

mosmena

sasaubro

interaqcia

sasaubro

produci-

reba

wera

2. SearCieT skala (magaliTad, zogadi sasaubro interaqcia 4.4.3.1),

deskriptorebi areulad ganalageT da Semdeg isev swori TanamimdevrobiT.

3. gadaxedeT punqts 4.4.1 (produqtiuli aqtivobebi da strategiebi) da da-

akvirdiT, rogor moxda doneebis zedmiwevniT dayofa. daxedeT qvedanayofs A2

doneze da daakvirdiT, Tu rogor SeiZleba misi dayofa A2.1 da A2.2 doneebad.

4. gaanalizeT Tqvens sistemaSi gamoyenebuli doneTa deskriptorebi da

SeadareT isini kompetenciebis doneTa deskriptorebs. daiwyeT erTi aqtivobis /

unaris SerCeviT da scadeT Tqveni sistemis doneTa deskriptorebis gaumjobe-

seba da maTi misadageba kompetenciebis doneebTan.

155

samuSao furceli 3

kurikulumis kategoriebis gansazRvra Tanamedrove enebisaTvis.

konteqsti

nebismier adamians, romelic monawileobs Tanamedrove enebis kurikulumis

SemuSavebaSi, naswavli aqvs sul mcire erTi Tanamedrove ena. am aqtivobebis mi-

zania (davaleba 1) muSa jgufis wevrebis dafiqreba SesamuSavebeli kurikulumis

SesaZlo kategoriebze, warsulSi enis swavlis praqtikuli gaTvaliswinebiT.

alternatiuli saxiT, monawileebs SeuZliaT amosaval wertilad arse-

buli kurikulumi aiRon da Seasrulon davaleba 2.

davaleba 1

1. enis swavlis sakuTari gamocdileba gauziareT jgufs. ra enebi

giswavliaT da rogor? rogoria Tqveni gamocdileba? rogor iyo midgoma?

rogori iyo saxelmZRvaneloebi? ra saxis aqtivobebsa da savarjiSoebs as-

rulebdiT? ramdenad gansxvavdeba isini amJamindeli midgomisagan?

2. gadaxedeT kompetenciebis me-4 Tavis sarCevs da daakvirdiT, moce-

muli kategoriebidan romelime Tu identificirdeba Tqvens sakuTar gamocdile-

baSi. Tqveni azriT, romeli kategoriebi unda iqnes Setanili axal kurikulumSi?

davaleba 2

1. gadaxedeT arsebul kurikulums, romelic unda ganaxldes an modifi-

cirdes. SearCieT masSi mocemuli erTi an ori kategoria da kompetenciebSi mo-

iZieT punqti, romelic am kategoriebs ganixilavs.

2. ras fiqrobT pirvelad dokumentSi gakeTebul arCevanze?

3. xom ar SescvlidiT rames, kompetenciebis mier SemoTavazebuli of-

ciebis mixedviT?

ramdenime idea da magaliTi:

• azri aqvs sferoebis, situaciebis, Temebis Setanas (punqti 4.1 da 4.2)

• tradiciulad, gamoiyofoda oTxi unari _ mosmenis, kiTxvis,

metyvelebisa da weris. kompetenciebSi moxda Semdgomi dayofa,

romelmac moicva zepiri interaqcia, zepiri producireba, mediacia,

werilobiTi interaqcia, werilobiTi producireba, a. S. (punqti 4.4)

Tqvens konteqstSi, ramdenad gamosadegi iqneba oTxi tradiciuli

kategoriis ufro metad dayofa?

• unda moxdes teqstis tipebis moxsenieba? (punqti 4.6)

• unda ganisazRvros davalebebi? (davalebebis ganvrcobis ganxilvi-

saTvis ix. Tavi 7)

• ra roli eniWeba strategiebs da unda moxdes maTi gansazRvra?

(punqti 4.4).

156

samuSao furceli 4

kurikulumis kategoriebis gansazRvra Tanamedrove enebisaTvis

konteqsti

kurikulumis reformirebis komitetis wevrebs SeiZleba gansxvavebuli

Sexeduleba hqondeT skolaSi Tanamedrove enebis swavlasa da swavlebaze. Cvens

xelT arsebuli kvlevebis didi nawili daumTavrebelia, magram komitetis

wevrebma (an skolis an saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis Tanamedrove enebis

ganyofilebis wevrebma) SeiZleba isurvon sakuTari Sexedulebebis gaziareba da

enis swavlasa da swavlebasTan mimarTebaSi saerTo midgomis gamonaxva. am

aqtivobebis mizania diskusiis warmarTva calkeuli provokaciuli mosazrebebiT.

davaleba

ganixileT Semdegi mosazrebebi:

1. enebis SeswavlisaTvis idealuri variantia mocemul enasTan rac

SeiZleba xSiri urTierToba Semswavlelis mxridan.

2. Sesaswavli enis TiTqmis eqskluziurad gamoyeneba saklaso

oTaxis farglebSi enis swavlebis erT-erTi yvelaze ufro

efeqturi aspeqtia.

3. avTentikur testebs da sakomunikacio situaciebs yovelTvis

upiratesoba unda eniWebodeT Seqmnil masalebTan mimarTebaSi.

4. sawyis etapze, unda moxdes SemswavlelTa stimulireba, rom maT

rac SeiZleba ufro metad gamoiyenon ena, gamoTqmasa da gramati-

kaSi dakavSirebuli Secdomebis miuxedavad.

5. sakompensacio strategiebis swavleba maSinaa gamarTlebuli,

roca Semswavlelebs ukve naswavli aqvT ena drois garkveul pe-

riodSi.

6. gansakuTrebiT sawyis etapebze, aucilebelia savarjiSoebis

(drilebis) gamoyeneba.

7. leqsikonis Sedgena saukeTeso variantia SemswavlelTa mier

leqsikuri maragis dauflebisaTvis.

8. eleqtronuli fostis saSualebiT azrTa urTierTgacvlas didi

dro miaqvs da Zalze umniSvnelo wvlili Seaqvs enis Seswavlis

procesSi.

157

!!

Ubwj!WJ!!

maiq maqoSi

kurikulumis organizeba da miwodeba

1. principebi da sakiTxebi

enobrivi ganaTlebis organizeba da miwodeba kompleqsuri saqmea. urigo

ar iqneba, gadavxedoT aseTi saqmianobis Sedegebs, rasac kurikulumis kuTxiT

arsebuli politikis interpretirebis mcdelobis saxe eqneba, rom moxdes samo-

qmedo enis swavlebis programis ganviTareba. Cveulebriv, aseTi programebis gan-

sazRvra xdeba im parametrebiT, romlebic mocemulia `kompetenciiT~ dasaTaure-

bul abzacSi. Tumca, sxva parametrebic sakuTar rols asrulebs nebismieri mo-

cemuli programis ganviTarebaSi, Semotanasa da marTvaSi.

Semdegi principebi da koncefciebi, Cveulebriv, ukavSirdeba enobrivi ga-

naTlebis organizebasa da miwodebas:

Semswavlelze orientacia

Semswavlelis kompetenciis gaumjobeseba erT an ramdenime ucxo enaze,

enis Seswavlis SesaZleblobaTa ZiriTadi mizania. am SesaZleblobebis organ-

izebasa da miwodebaze daxarjuli Zalisxmeva gamarTlebul unda iqnes im sarge-

bliT, romelsac Rebulobs Semswavleli. am konteqstSi aucilebelia imis ganx-

ilva, Tu ramdenad eqvemdebareba swavlas is, rasac sTavazoben SemswavlelTa

nebismier mocemul kontingents.

maswavlebelze orientacia

SemswavlelTa didi umravlesoba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli maswav-

leblebze, romlebic uzrunvelyofen maT megzurobas, gaTviTcnobierebulobasa

da stimulirebas kurikulumis farglebSi. maswavleblebi mTavar rols asrule-

ben enis Seswavlis SesaZleblobaTa organizebasa da miwodebaSi da amitom, ku-

rikulumis miwodebis cvlilebis epicentrSi unda imyofebodnen. erTi mxriv, es

badebs SekiTxvas saTanadod momzadebuli maswavleblebis da maTi ganviTarebis

xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb. meore mxriv, saWiroa ganxilul iqnes, Tu ramdenad

SesaZlebelia ama Tu im silabusiT swavleba.

kompetencia

nebismieri enis kurikulumi aucileblad ganixilavs sazogadoebas ama Tu

im WrilSi, enebis mocemul arCevansa da doneebs, Semswavlelis moTxovnebis er-

Tobliobas asakis, donis, saswavlo stilis, kompetenciis doneebis, amocanebisa

da sertificirebis mixedviT. aucilebelia, xelmZRvanelma pirebma da / an dawe-

sebulebebma sakuTari programebi am parametrebis gaTvaliswinebiT aRweron, rom

SesZlon TavianT aqtivobebze efeqturad fokusireba.

158

gamWvirvaloba

enobriv ganaTlebaSi, uamravi partnioria: Semswavlelebi, maswavleblebi,

mSoblebi, skolis xelmZRvanelebi, gamomcdelebi, ganaTlebis sxva seqtorebi,

damsaqmeblebi, sajaro moxeleebi, sagamocdo komisiebi da a. S. maTi partnioroba

qmediTunariani rom iyos, saWiroa gamWvirvaleoba programebis, kursebis, amo-

canebis, Sinaarsis, saswavlo meTodologiis, Sefasebisa da SesaZlo sertifici-

rebis mxriv.

Tanamimdevruloba

partniorTa qselis farglebSi da agreTve, gamomdinare iqidan, rom pro-

gramebi da kursebi orientirebuli unda iyos SemswavlelTa gacnobierebul da

realur moTxovnebze, enobrivi ganaTlebis uzrunvelmyofma pirebma, TavianTi

institutis farglebSi, unda SesZlon Tanamimdevrulobis dacva enis swavlebis

amocanebis gacxadebis, Sinaarsis, meTodologiis, Sefasebisa da sertificirebis,

agreTve, sxva saganmanaTleblo seqtorebTan koordinaciis TvalsazrisiT.

fleqsiuroba

individualuri Semswavlelebis gaTviTcnobierebuli da realuri moTxov-

nebi, sxva saganmanaTleblo seqtorebi da sazogadoeba, rogorc erTi mTlianoba,

mudmivad cvalebadia. moTxovna, rom enis swavlebis programebi fleqsiuri unda

iyos, Zalze marTebulia, gamomdinare iqidan, rom isini arsebobs da / an emijneba

praqtikulad, yvela sxva saganmanaTleblo aqtivobas.

Sefaseba

Sefaseba gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs sxvadasxva skolebisa da ufro

msxvili institutebis seqtorebis mier organizebul an mowodebul enis Seswav-

lis fazebis (ciklebis) uwyvetobis uzrunvelyofaSi. programebis, kursebisa da

maswavleblebis Sefaseba xdeba regularul intervalebSi da pirdapir Tu iri-

bad, mas sakuTar praqtikaSi iyenebs yvela zemoxsenebuli partniori.

1. 1. politikis formulirebidan swavlamde da piriqiT: kurikulumi,

rogorc arasworxazovani procesi

erTi mxriv, sworxazovan midgomebs da meore mxriv, Semswavlelebze

koncentrirebul modelebs da kurikulumis Sedgenis gacnobierebas Soris, didi

dapirispirebaa, rac Akurikulumis SemmuSavebelTa mudmivi SfoTvis sagania.

sworxazovan anu specialistebis midgomebSi moiazreba sworxazovani `jaWvi

gankargulebebisa,~ romelSic mkafiodaa gansazRvruli kurikulumis SemuSavebis

sxvadasxva etapebze gadawyvetilebebis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli rolebi da

pasuxismgebloba. Semswavlelze koncentrirebul midgomebSi `gankargulebaTa

jaWvi~ ar arsebobs, gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi monawileobs yvela partniori.

kompetenciebis erT-erTi mTavari maxasiaTebeli, iseve rogorc am

gzamkvlevisa, aris misi Ria xasiaTi. ar xdeba kurikulumis SedgenasTan

dakavSirebuli romelime konkretuli midgomisadmi mimxroba. Zogadi

kompetenciebis msgavsad, am gzamkvlevis Ria xasiaTi ganapirobebs kurikulumis

organizatorebis, SemmuSaveblebis, administratorebis, menejerebis,

maswavleblebisa da Semswavlelebis moqmedebas samuSao garemos mixedviT.

kurikulumi ganixileba procesad, romelSic urTierTqmedebs mravali faqtori

da etapi. amitom kompetenciebi ver iqneba mxolod calmxrivad dainteresebuli:

rogor unda moxdes imis Cadeba saswavlo aqtebSi, rac ukve daigegma. is ufro

metad dainteresebulia im ofciebiT, romlebic xelmisawvdomia kurikulumis

organizebasa da miwodebaze pasuxismgebeli pirebisaTvis da im SezRudvebiT,

romlebsac isini awydebian.

159

miuxedavad imisa, erovnul saganmanaTleblo WrilSi, saSualo skolebis

kurikulumis organizebis reformas ganvixilavT, Tu erTi konkretuli

institutis winaSe mdgar problemebs, nebismieri kurikulumis organizeba da

miwodeba gulisxmobs, rom zogadi politika ukve formulirebulia da rom

formulirebis procesSi gaTvaliswinebul iqna, Tu rogor unda moxdes

mocemuli kurikulumis praqtikaSi gatareba da Sefaseba

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT am nawilis SesavalSi, dagegmva, praqtikaSi

gatareba da Sefaseba ganixileba kurikulumis procesis ara sam gancalkevebul

fazad, aramed erTi procesis sam interaqtiul aspeqtad.

1. 2. vis exeba organizeba da miwodeba?

kurikulumis organizebasa da miwodebaSi CarTulni arian eqspertTa ko-

mitetebi, administratorebi, gamomcdelebi, maswavlebelTa trenerebi, mTavari

maswavleblebi, ufrosi maswavleblebi, avtorebi, inspeqtorebi da mravali sxva

adamiani. bolo aTi weli mowmea ganaTlebis yvela seqtorSi profesionalizmis

zrdisa da Sesabamisad enis swavlebis programebis SesrulebaSi profesionalTa

zrdisa da Sesabamisad enis swavlebis programebis SesrulebaSi profesionalTa

mzardi raodenobisa. es potenciuri gaumjobeseba ganpirobebulia saerTo

mizniT, romelic daisaxa profesionalebs Soris arsebuli efeqturi da produ-

qtiuli komunikaciiT. yoveli axali profesia (masalebis avtorebi, maswavle-

belTa trenerebi, akademiuri mmarTvelebi, gamomcdelebi, xarisxis makontrole-

blebi, a.S) Tavdapirvelad TviTdamkvidrebas axdenda an jer kidev am procesSia.

Tanac, yovel saganmanaTleblo seqtorSi arsebuli miznebi da SezRudvebi uni-

kaluria da amitom TiToeul seqtors sakuTari eqspertebi hyavs.

demografiuli tendenciebi, farTo politikuri da saganmanaTleblo

miznebi, kurikulumSi, rogorc erT mTlianobaSi, enebis roli, resursebi

momzadebuli maswavleblebis TvalsazrisiT, drois faqtori da infrastru-

qtura, vaWrobisa da mrewvelobis, iseve rogorc Semswavlelisa da maswav-

leblis moTxovnebi sruliad gansxvavebulia da damokidebulia imaze, dawyebiT

skolebs, zrdasrulTa ganaTlebas Tu saSualo an mesame saganmanaTleblo

seqtors ganvixilavT.

sanam xels movkidebT romelime kurikulumis proeqts, saWiroa rolebsa

da funqciebs dokumenturi saxe mieces iseve, rogorc zogad kompetenciebs, ro-

melTa farglebSic unda moxdes maTi Sesruleba. Kkompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs

CarCos aseT CamoyalibebisaTvis.

1. 3. kompetenciebi, rogorc pirobiTi niSnebis sistema

enobrivi ganaTlebis micema SeiZleba aRwerili da marTuli iqnes

sxvadasxva kuTxiT. maswavlebelTa trenerebs ar amoZravebT igive interesebi,

rac cxrilebis momzadebaSi, masalebis SerCevasa Tu testirebaSi CarTul ada-

mianebs. erT-erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxi kurikulumSi cvlilebebis an novaciebis

Setanisas, aris safrTxe, rom am procesSi monawile partniorebs Soris

SeiZleba iyos paeqroba, an ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, isini SeiZleba Camoyalibdnen, ma-

gram sxvebma ver SesZlon maTi gageba. programebis interpretireba da Sesruleba

sxvadasxva partniorebis mier aramdgradia.

kompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs mravalmxriv standartebs kurikulumis

procesSi monawile yvela partniorisaTvis. rogorc aseTi, igi uSvebs iseT

situaciis arsebobas, sadac SesaZlebelia pasuxismgeblobis sferoebis

danawileba, procesSi monawile partniorebis Semxeobis farglebis gansazRvra

da zogadi miznebis erToblivad formulireba. amgvarad, Teoriulad mainc,

SesaZlebelia zemoT aRwerili gamWvirvaleobisa da Tanamimdevrulobis princi-

pebis dacva.

160

1. 4. cvlilebis marTva an misTvis Tavis garTmeva

kurikulumis organizeba, praqtikaSi gatareba da miwodeba gulisxmobs

cvlilebebs, rasac yovelTvis Tan axlavs riski, magram agreTve Sansebis Seqm-

nisa da maTgan sargeblis miRebis SesaZlebloba. zogierTi adamiani am procese-

bis mesaWea da faqtiurad, marTavs maT, qmnis ra SesaZleblobebs gaumjobese-

bisaTvis da maTi saSualebiT warmatebis miRwevisaTvis, xolo zogierTi Semoi-

fargleba pasiuri rolis SesrulebiT, rac gulisxmobs ubralod Tavis garTme-

vas moqmedebaSi moyvanili nebismieri ganviTarebisaTvis; magram adamianebis orive

kategoria damokidebulia mTel rig faqtorebze:

partniorebi / agentebi

enis swavlebis nebismieri programis organizebasa da miwodebaSi CarTul

sxvadasxva partniorebs erTnairad unda esmodeT, ra da ratom saWiroebs ganvi-

Tarebas. erTnari unda iyos maTi Sexeduleba imasTan mimarTebaSic, Tu rogor

unda moxdes cvlileba ise, rom misi Sedegebi warmatebuli iyos. Tu procesSi

monawile ramdenime partnioric ki, romelic erTnairad ukmayofilo ar aris

status quo-Ti, ewinaaRmdegeba cvlilebas, aman SeiZleba TviT yvelaze ukeT

Sedgenili programis daSlac ki gamoiwvios. Tanac, enobrivi ganaTlebis mice-

maSi maswavleblebis wamyvani rolidan gamomdinare, yuradReba unda mieqces maTi

ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmnas da stimulis moZiebas.

resursebi

kurikulumis SemuSveba, xSir SemTxvevaSi, gulisxmobs investirebas ada-

mianuri, finansuri da struqturuli resursebis TvalsazrisiT. mzaobam da

valdebulebam jer kidev unda SesZlos aseTi resursebis Rirebulebis gada-

wonva, nebismieri programis warmatebiT Sesrulebis interesebidan gamomdinare.

magaliTad, meore enis swavlebis axali programa dawyebiT safexurze, warmate-

buli ver iqneba, Tu maswavlebelTa treningis Rirebulebis dafarva da mxardam-

Weri personalis uzrunvelyofa mocemuli xelmZRvanelobis finansuri SesaZle-

blobis farglebs aRemateba. programebis Sedgenasa da miwodebaze pasuxismge-

beli pirebi unda axarisxebdnen im finansur da struqturul resursebsac,

romlebic saWiroa warmatebisaTvis.

cvlilebebis meTodi / Carevis xarisxi

valdebulebisa da resursebis msgavsad, meTodis SerCevas ama Tu im

procesis dawyebisa da warmatebiT ganviTarebisaTvis, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba

aqvs. Carevis xarisxis gansazRvra (sad da rogor SeiZleba movaxerxoT sakuTari

Setyobinebis efeqturad miwodeba?) moicavs iseT faqtorebs, rogoricaa: ma-

salebis SerCeva, maswavlebelTa valdebulebis xarisxi calkeuli masalebis mi-

wodebis mxriv, mocemuli testis Semotana-arSemotana programis bolos, maswav-

lebelTa momzadeba mowveuli èqspertebis~ Tu adgilobrivi `konsultantebis~

mier, mocemuli sagnis / enisaTvis gamoyofili saaTebi im drosTan SedarebiT,

romelic eTmoba sxva sagnebs, a. S. am mxriv arCevani xSirad cxadyofs, Tu

rogor kulturasa da tradiciebs aniWebs upiratesobas mocemuli xelmZRvaneli,

instituti an skola. imisaTvis, rom Tavidan aviciloT aseTi procesisaTvis

ubralod Tavis garTmevis an misi ubralod midevnis riski, saWiroa arCevani

Riad gakeTdes, rom igi gasagebi da misaRebi iyos yvela partniorisaTvis.

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momdevno nawili ganixilavs xelmisawvdom ofciebs, romlebic gansaz-

Rvravs kurikulumis cvlilebis organizebasa da miwodebaSi Carevis xarisxs.

agreTve, mocemulia am ofciebis miwodebis kompetenciebiseuli varianti.

2. Carevis xarisxi da kompetenciebis gamoyeneba

kurikulumis organizebasa da miwodebaSi

rogoric ar unda iyos kurikulumis organizebasa da miwodebaSi Carevis

xarisxi, am procesSi monawile yvela partniors SeuZlia isargeblos

kompetenciebis mxardaWeriT da mis sakontrolo furclebSi, Sejamebebsa da

gansaxilveli sferos Sesaxeb Sedgenil sistematur angariSebSi mocemuli

informaciiT. es nawili uzrunvelyofs kompetenciebis miTiTebebs, Carevis

sxvadasxva SesaZlo xarisxis mixedviT.

2. 1. programis Sedgena

kompetenciebis me-2 TavSi naTqvamia, rom enobrivi ganaTlebis micema

moiazrebs silabusebis gansazRvras, davalebebSi, TemebSi, kompetenciebSi, a. S.

asaxuli enis Seswavlis amocanebis CaTvliT:

• Semswavlelis saerTo pirovnuli kompetenciebis ganviTareba (codna,

unarebi, midgomebi, swavlis codna)

• sakomunikacio enobrivi kompetenciis gaumjobeseba;

• erTi an ramdenime enobrivi aqtivobis ukeT Sesruleba (recefcia,

producireba, interaqcia da mediacia)

• gaumjobeseba mocemuli sferos farglebSi (sazogadoebrivi,

profesiuli, saganmanaTleblo an pirovnuli)

• SemswavlelTa sakomunikacio strategiebisa da ufro meti

davalebisaTvis Tavis garTmevis unaris gaumjobeseba da gamravalferovneba.

* ra saxiT akeTebs ufro met aqcents calkeul sferoebze (enis Seswavlis

amocanebze) Tqveni programa? rogor ganumartavT amas maswavleblebsa da

Semswavlelebs?

kompetenciebi adgens ofciebs maTTvis, vinc pasuxismgebelia

gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaze da enobrivi ganaTlebis organizebasa da miwodebaze,

enobrivi mravalferovnebis xelSewyobis saerTo amocanis konteqstSi. es

gulisxmobs enis kursebis saswavlo programebis Seswavlas im gzebTan erTad,

romlebic ukve ganvles Semswavlelebma an romlebic SeiZleba samomavlod

airCion, rom ganiviTaron enobrivi unarebi ramdenime enaSi. aseTma ganxilvam

SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairi Sedegi gamoiRos:

• nebismieri institutis mier SemoTavazebuli enis kursebis

programebi unda migviTiTebdes da asrulebdes uzrunvelyofas

ganaTlebis seqtoris danarCen nawilSi (modularuloba);

• sasurvelia saerTaSoriso masStabi (mravalferovneba, mobiluroba);

• aucilebelia enis Seswavlis SemoTavazebuli SesaZleblobebi

farTo iyos (sxvadasxva enebi, doneebi, amocanebi da a.S)

• enis Seswavlis adrindeli (potenciurad, skolis farglebs gareT)

praqtikis akreditacia.

* Tqveni institutis enis swavlebisa da Seswavlis amocanebi rogor

uTavsdeba ganaTlebis sistemaSi enis swavlebis sxvagvar uzrunvelyofas?

* Tqveni programa da misi amocanebis ganacxadi zustad gansazRvravs mo-

bilurobis masStabs? ramdenad miesadageba igi Tqvens Semswavlelebs?

* uzrunvelyofs Tqveni programebi SemswavlelTa megzurobas? rogor?

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kompetenciebis me-2 Tavi gvTavazobs parametrebis erTobliobas, romelTa

farglebSic SesaZlebelia enis swavlebis silabusebis ganxilva, Sedareba da

koordinireba:

enis gamoyeneba, enis swavlasTan erTad, moicavs aqtivobebs, Sesrulebuls

adamianebis mier, romlebic rogorc individebi da socialuri agentebi

SeimuSaveben rig kompetenciebs, rogorc zogad, ise sakomunikacio enis konkre-

tul kompetenciebs. isini sakuTar gankargulebaSi arsebul kompetenciebs iyene-

ben sxvadasxva konteqstSi, gansxvavebul pirobebsa da gansxvavebuli SezRudve-

bis farglebSi, rom monawileoba miiRon enobriv aqtivobebSi, romlebic moicavs

enobriv procesebs, specifikur sferoebSi arsebul TemebTan dakavSirebuli

teqstebis producirebisa da / an recefciisaTvis. amasTan, xdeba im strategiebis

aqtivizireba, romlebic yvelaze ufro Sesaferis davalebebis SesrulebisaTvis.

monawileTa mier am moqmedebebis monitoringi ganapirobebs aRniSnuli kompeten-

ciebis gaZlierebasa da modificirebas.

* rogor SeiZleba aRiweros Tqveni institutis standarti kompetenciebis

mixedviT ise, rom miRweul iqnes mobilurobisa da portatiulobis miznebi?

* ramdenad edreba Tqveni institutis enis swavlebis silabusi, imave an

sxva saganmanaTleblo seqtorSi, sxva institutebis silabusebs?

2. 2. maswavleblebi

enis kurikulumis organizeba da masSi cvlilebebis Setana moiTxovs am

procesSi maswavlebelTa Tanamonawileobas. Tumca, isic aRsaniSnavia, rom

cvlilebis Setana an ganviTarebis inicireba mocemuli institutis swavlebis

organosTan erTad, delikaturi sakiTxia. maswavleblebi warmoadgendnen

erTgvar Zabrs, romelSic miedineba kurikulumi. maswavleblebi yovelmxriv unda

icnobdnen im enis gamoyenebas, romelsac aswavlian, saswavlo procesebis, kur-

sis monaxazsa da logikur dasabuTebas, maT mier gamoyenebad masalebsa da maTi

kursis farglebSi miRebul Sefasebis formas / formebs. agreTve, maT unda

SeeZloT meTodologiuri gadawyvetilebebis miReba da gamoyeneba rogorc

swavlebisaTvis mzadebisas, ise yovel wuTSi _ swavlebis procesSi. maswavle-

blebisaTvis wayenebuli es mniSvnelovani moTxovna Cadebulia kompetenciebis

midgomaSi enis swavlebasTan, Seswavlasa da maTSi davalebebis rolTan (Tavebi

6 da 7). mivesalmebiT, mkiTvelebis mier kompetenciebSi mocemuli ofciebis de-

talurad ganxilvas.

* gaaCnia Tqvens instituts gamokveTili, profesiuli profili maswavle-

blebisaTvis?

* enis codnis ra minimumi moeTxovebaT maswavleblebs, romlebic muSaobas

iwyeben Tqvens institutSi?

* rogor xdeba amis monitoringi da Sefaseba?

enis maswavlebelTa socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, aRiarebuli

kvalifikaciis xelmisawvdomoba da zemoT aRweril gadawyvetilebaTa tipebTan

mimarTebaSi pasuxismgeblobis delegireba, gansxvavdeba calkeuli institutebis,

enebis, doneebisa da maswavleblebis mixedviT.

naklebad gavrcelebuli enebis maswavleblebs xSirad damoukideblad

uwevT swavlebis dagegmva, Sesruleba da Sefaseba. zeda safexurze

maswavleblebi an erT saxelmZRvanelos iyeneben, rac gamocdisaTvis mzadebas

emsaxureba an zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis SemTxvevaSi, sruli TavisuflebiT

sargebloben, e. w. metyvelebaSi samecadino saaTebisaTvis masalebisa da

meTodebis SerCevis mxriv. zogierTi instituti uzrunvelyofs specialur

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programebs maswavleblebisaTvis, xolo zogierTi amas ver axerxebs, finansuri

mdgomareobidan gamomdinare an aseT investicias zedmetad miiCnevs. zogierT

maswavlebels eZleva kolegebTan TanamSromlobis saSualeba, magram arian

iseTebic, romlebic am praqtikas ar iziareben.

* Tqvens institutSi ra gzebi moiZebneba maswavlebelTa profesiuli

ganaTlebisaTvis?

* Tqveni maswavleblebi erTad muSaoben Tu damoukideblad?

* axdenT am procesis stimulirebas?

kompetenciebi rogorc farulad, ise daufaravad, miznad isaxavs,

calkeuli ofciebi da arCevani gamWvirvale da Tanamimdevruli gaxados.

kompetenciebis farglebs miRmac ki, mocemuli kurikulumis miwodeba moiTxovs

ara mxolod enasTan, enis gamoyenebasTan da SeswavlasTan dakavSirebiT

arsebuli Sexedulebebis, aramed enis swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli

Sexedulebebisa da midgomebis Tanamimdevrulobasac. igive iTqmis

maswavleblebis mimarTac. maswavlebelTa ganviTarebis mizani SeiZleba iyos

maTi momzadeba imisaTvis, rom maT rac SeiZleba ufro zedmiwevniT gamoiyenon

mocemuli silabusi da gaTvaliswinebuli masalebi, konkretuli ganrigis

farglebSi. aseTi ganviTareba SeiZleba kidev ufro Sors wavides da swavlebis

ostatobis arnaxul simaRleebs miaRwios (magaliTad, swavlebis ganxilva

mkafiod gansazRvruli unarebisa da im codnis WrilSi, romelic ganvrcobasa

da srulyofas moiTxovs), an misi mizani SesaZlebelia iyos maswavleblebis

mkvlevarebad gardaqmna sakuTar saklaso oTaxebSi (maTi swavlebisa da

Semswavlelebis swavlis mudmivad Semowmeba da Sefaseba).

roca axdenT kompetenciebis maswavlebelTa ganviTarebasTan Sesabamisobis

interpretirebas, ganixilavT mas, rogorc: a) damatebiT damxmare saSualebas

imis gansazRvrisaTvis, Tu ra unda aswavlon maswavleblebma; b) damatebiT

damxmare saSualebas swavlebaSi ostaturobis misaRwevad, Tu g) instruments

maswavleblebisaTvis, Tuki maT mkvlevarebad moviazrebT?

2. 3. silabusebisa da masalebis Seqmna

silabusisa da masalebis Semqmnelebi detalur gadawyvetilebebs

Rebuloben im enis, davalebebis, teqstebisa da aqtivobebis SerCevasa da

mowesrigebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic Semswavlelebs unda waredginos.

Cveulebriv, isini uzrunvelyofen detalur miTiTebebs saklaso da / an

individualuri davalebebisa da aqtivobebisaTvis, romlebic Semswavlelebis

mier unda Sesruldes. es yvelaferi zegavlenas axdens swavlis / swavlebis

procesze da aucileblad unda efuZnebodes im varaudebs, romlebic arsebobs

enis bunebasTan, mis gamoyenebasa da enis swavlis procesTan mimarTebaSi.

mokled rom vTqvaT, es yvelaferi efuZneba im mosazrebas, Tu ra eqvemdebareba

swavlebas da ris swavlis unari aqvs mocemul jgufs, mocemuli drois

farglebSi. rogorc aseTi, kurikulumis ganviTareba xSirad xdeba silabusSi

cvlilebebis SetaniT da axali masalebis gamoyenebiT.

kompetenciebi SeimuSavebs mravlismomcvel midgomas enis gamoyenebis

gansazRvrisaTvis da uzrunvelyofs enis gamoyenebisa da Seswavlis zogad muSa

models, zemoT ganxiluli parametrebis farglebSi. amasTan, kompetenciebis me-4

da me-5 Tavebi detalurad adgens enis gamoyenebis aRwerilobisa da

TviTSemswavlelTa kompetenciebis kategoriebs, maSin, roca me-7 Tavi ufro

dawvrilebiT ganixilavs davalebebis, rogorc enis gamoyenebis gaanalizebisa da

paketebad formirebis saSualebebs, enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis konteqstSi.

yvela es sfero gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa enis kursis SeqmnaSi, uzrunvelyofs

ra safuZvels enis saswavlo masalebis analizisa da ganviTarebisaTvis.

164

enis saswavlo masalebis analizisa da ganviTarebis safuZvlad gamoyeneba,

moiazrebs enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis processac. kompetenciebis me-6 Tavi

ganixilavs am sakiTxebs da mouwodebs praqtikosebs sakuTari varaudebis

zedmiwevniT warmoCenisaken.

kompetenciebis me-3 Tavi exeba enobrivi kompetenciebis doneebis, maTi

aRwerilobisa da gamoyenebis sakiTxebs. doneebis deskriptorebi silabusisa da

masalebis Semqmnelebs uzrunvelyofs sayrdenebiT. enobrivi ganaTlebis

organizeba da micema moiTxovs kompetenciis im doneebis yuradRebiT ganxilvas,

romlebic moeTxovebaT Semswavlelebs an romelTa miRwevac nebismieri

programis mizania.

* varaudi, romelic safuZvlad udevs Tqvens silabuss da / an masalebs,

exeba enas, mis gamoyenebas, imas, Tu rogor swavloben enas da miuTiTebs Tu ara

kompetenciebis doneTa gamWvirvale skalebze?

* Tu es asea, Tanamimdevrulia igi zogadi kurikulumis mier SerCeuli

midgomisa?

2. 4. Semswavlelis mxardaWera

enis Seswavlisas studentebi gaivlian saganmanaTleblo seqtorsa da

instituts, romlebic enis swavlebas gvTavazoben, moipoveben skolis farglebs

gareT enis Seswavlis gamocdilebasac. es imas niSnavs, rom mocemuli kursis

Sedgenisa da masalebis Seqmnisas, enis gamoyenebis parametrebisa da

meTodologiuri ofciebis dayofis garda, enobrivi ganaTlebis micemaze

pasuxismgeblebs unda SeeZloT `vertikaluri ganzomilebis~ Seqmnac, romelic

asaxavs aRmaval doneebs Semswavlelis codnis aRwerisaTvis. doneebis skalebze

enis Seswavlis SesaZlo amocanebisa da gzebis proeqcia saSualebas aZlevs

Semswavlelebs garkveuli warmodgena Seiqmnan imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ras

akeTeben.

yvela instituti sakuTari kursebis organizebas axdens doneTa

mravalferovani sistemebis mixedviT. aseTi sistemebi igeba saswavlo drois,

seriuli saxelmZRvaneloebis, institutSi Sesasvlelad aucilebeli testebisa

da gare gamocdebis irgvliv. kursis programebis msgavsi organizebac

(miuxedavad imisa, rom igi arc Zalian zedmiwevniTia, mainc mniSvnelovania

SemswavlelebisaTvis mocemuli institutis farglebSi). aucilebelia, rom

Semswavlelebs, maswavleblebsa da menejerebs saorientacio aspeqtebi

SevTavazoT. kompetenciebis me-3 Tavi da danarTebi skalirebasa da doneebTan

mimarTebaSi adgens mravlismomcvel ofciebs da amasTan, uzrunvelyofs erTgvar

safuZvels, romelze dayrdnobiTac institutebs SeuZliaT ganixilon sakuTari

skalireba, SemswavlelTaTvis gamWvirvale da mniSvnelovani mxardaWeris

SeTavazebisaTvis.

kompetenciebi ayalibebs ofciebs codnis amsaxveli skalebis ganviTarebis,

orientirebisa da prezentaciisaTvis da Tan qmnis SesaniSnav resurss maTTvis,

vinc axdens enobrivi ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofis organizebas.

• kompetenciebis mier SemoTavazebuli kategoriebis aRweris skala

gamosadegia Tqveni SemswavlelebisaTvis?

• iziarebT Tu ara kompetenciebis mosazrebas, rom saerTo skala

xelsayreli iqneba TqvenTvis da Tqveni SemswavlelebisTvis Semdegi

TvalsazrisiT: amocanebis dasaxva, silabusebis koordinireba, codnis Sefaseba,

SemTxveviT swavlis Sefaseba, enis flobis profilebis cnoba an sxvadasxva

saganmanaTleblo seqtorebs Soris komunikacia?

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ELP SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes kompetenciebis logikur ganviTarebad da

misi zrunva Semswavlelebis mxardaWeris uzrunvelsayofad, pasuxobs

Semswavlelebze orientirebulobis, gamWvirvaleobisa da fleqsiurobis

principebs. evropis sabWos direqtivebi da modelebi, romlebic xelmisawvdomia

ELP-isTvis, warmodgens ganaTlebis mTeli seqtorebisa da individualuri

institutebisaTvis ZiriTad instruments, rom moxdes Semswavlelebis da

maswavleblebis saWiro daxmarebiT uzrunvelyofa, maT mier enis Seswavlis

kuTxiT mopovebuli miRwevebisa da gegmebis sqematizaciisaTvis. ELP rogorc

aseTi, warmoadgens axal amosaval wertils, gvTavazobs ra instruments,

romelic nebismieri silabusisa da masalebis nakrebisagan damoukideblad,

saSualebas iZleva, vacnoboT maswavleblebsa da Semswavlelebs maTi swavlebisa

da swavlis Sesaxeb, da wavaxalisoT isini sakuTari Sexedulebebisa Tu miznebis

formulirebis mizniT.

moergeba ELP Tqveni mxridan enis swavlebis uzrunvelyofas, kursis

dagegmvis doneze mniSvnelovani Carevis, maswavlebelTa treningis da / an

silabusis da masalebis Seqmnis gareSe?

2. 5. swavlisa da swavlebis Sefaseba

kompetenciebi mTlianobaSi da gansakuTrebiT, me-3 Tavi doneebis Sesaxeb,

iribad uzrunvelyofs Sefasebis kriteriumebis erTobliobas. me-9 Tavi

ganixilavs Sefasebis sxvadasxva tipebs da gvTavazobs rCevas da magaliTebs maT

metasistemaSi gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT. amasTan, igi uxvad uzrunvelyofs

ofciebs enobrivi ganaTlebis organizebisa da micemisaTvis. magaliTad,

kompetenciebis me-9 TavSi mocemulia problemebis sakmaod praqtikuli gadaWra,

rac gamoixateba Sefasebis potenciuri kategoriebis masis dayvanaSi

SemfaseblebisaTvis marTvad instrumentebad da SemswavlelebisaTvis

gamWvirvale zomebad.

albaT, erT-erTi yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli (da efeqturi?) gza

cvlilebebis mosaxdenad, kurikulumis ganviTarebis pasuxad, aris enobrivi

miRwevis Sefasebis aspeqtebis gadaxedva da modernizeba. Sefasebis aseTi

ofciebis aRweriT, kompetenciebi ganapirobebs mkiTxvelebis dafiqrebas maT

institutebSi Sefasebis rolze.

• Sefasebis romeli tipebi gamoiyeneba Tqvens institutSi? vis mier?

• ramdenad Seesabameba Sefasebis Tqveneuli meTodebi: a) Tqveni kursis

amocanebsa da b) Tqveni Semswavlelebis warsul gamocdilebasa da

samomavlo moTxovnebs?

miuxedavad imisa, rom sajaro gamocdebisaTvis mzadebis Sefasebis kompe-

tencia ar unda SeizRudos, saWiroa ganxilul iqnes kavSiri institutis pro-

gramasa da gare gamocdebs Soris.

• Tqveni Sefasebis sistema iTvaliswinebs gamWvirvale standartebs?

• ramdenad sasurveli da / an SesaZlebelia sazogadoebrivi gamocdebis sistemis

misadageba zogad kompetenciebTan?

166

samuSao furceli 1

masalebis SerCeva da gamoyeneba

konteqsti

SemswavlelTa mocemul kontingentSi enis swavlisadmi ufro pozitiuri

midgomis miRebis mcdeloba, xSirad moiazrebs SemswavlelebisaTvis ufro

Sesaferis da mimzidveli masalebis Seqmnas. magaliTad, zrdasrulebi miiCneven,

rom patara asakis SemswavlelTaTvis masalebi iqmneba sabavSvo Temebis irgvliv

(rogoricaa, pop kultura, urTierTobebi, sporti, a. S. Sesaswavli kulturis

WrilSi), magram sxva mxriv, isini gamomdinareobs tradiciuli silabusebidan.

masalebis kritikulad Seswavla xSirad amJRavnebs im Rrma, dafarul mizezebs,

romlebic Semswavlelebs am masalebis SeswavlisaTvis saWiro enTuziazms ukar-

gavs. ufro zedmiwevniTi kvleva cxadyofs, rom masalebSi xSirad mJRavndeba

apaTiuri midgoma SemswavlelTa codnisadmi, grZnobebisa da gamocdilebisadmi,

ise TiTqos zrdasrulebi `xeliT kvebas” saWiroebdnen. aseTi midgoma ikiTxeba

zemoxsenebul sabavSvo masalebSic, romlebic motivirebulia axalgazrduli

kulturis uRimRamo imitaciebiT.

kompetenciebis 6.4.6 punqtis gamoyenebiT, kritikulad ganixileT varaudebi

SemswavlelTa sociokulturul, egzistencialur da saswavlo kompetenciasTan

dakavSirebiT, rac safuZvlad udevs Tqvens institutSi gamoyenebad masalebs.

miewodebaT Semswavlelebs kulturuli stereotipebi an sTxoven maT, Tavad ga-

moikvlion is kultura, romelsac miekuTvneba mocemuli ena? Semswavlelebi

ganixilebian sakuTari individualobis mqone mcodne partniorebad, romelTac

SeuZliaT sakuTari wvlili Seitanon ganxilvad sakiTxSi, Tu masalebi gansaz-

Rvravs, rogor unda imoqmedon maT da megzurobas uwevs yovel nabijze?

ra kriteriumebs CamoayalibebdiT da gamoiyenebdiT axali masalebis

SesarCevad, maTi Semswavlelebisadmi midgomis gaTvaliswinebiT?

ra direqtivebs miscemdiT Tqvens maswavleblebs, rom maT pativi scen

SemswavlelTa codnas, gamocdilebasa da grZnobebs da gaiTvaliswinon isini

muSobis procesSi?

167

samuSao furceli 2

strategiebi: definicia Tu miwodeba?

konteqsti

kompetenciebis es nawili agrZelebs imis gansazRvras da ilustrirebas,

Tu romeli strategiebia nagulisxmevi, aq mocemuli Semdegi sqemis mixedviT:

dagegmva Sesruleba monitoringi Sesworeba

producireba

recefcia

interaqcia

mediacia

kompetenciebiT miRebuli gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom tradiciuli oTxi

unaris Semcveli modelis ganvrcoba am cxrilSi mocemuli parametrebis CarT-

viT, SeiZleba gaxdes nayofieri diskusiebis safuZveli da stimuli im sakomuni-

kacio strategiebisa da aqtivobebis axleburad wvdomisaTvis, romlebSic

monawileoben Cveni Semswavlelebi.

davaleba

Tqven silabusSi ramdenad zedmiwevniTaa gansazRvruli da gacxadebuli

sakomunikacio strategiebi?

skalirebuli deskriptorebisa da oTxive kategoriis gamoyenebiT (pro-

ducireba, recefcia, interaqcia da mediacia CEF 4.4) gaakeTeT saswavlo amocane-

bis profilis monaxazi SemswavlelTa jgufebisaTvis, romlebzec pasuxismge-

beli xarT.

kompetenciebis 7.3.2. punqtze dayrdnobiT, ra rekomendaciebs gascemdiT

enis saswavlo davalebebis SedgenasTan mimarTebaSi, rom moxdes Tqvens mier

zemoT aRwerili amocanebis miRweva?

168

samuSao furceli 3

maswavlebelTa profilebi da ganviTareba

konteqsti

`Cveulebriv, maswavleblebs moeTxovebaT nebismieri oficialuri

direqtivebis pativiscema, saxelmZRvaneloebisa da kursis masalebis gamoyeneba

(miuxedavad imisa, SeuZliaT Tu ara maTi gaanalizeba, Sefaseba, SerCeva an

Sevseba), testebis Sedgena da administrireba da moswavleebisa Tu studentebis

sakvalifikacio gamocdebisaTvis momzadeba. maT yovel wuTSi uwevT

gadawyvetilebaTa miReba saklaso aqtivobebis Sesaxeb, romelTa momzadebac,

monaxazis saxiT, winaswar SeuZliaT, magram Semdeg uwevT maTi fleqsiurad

adaptireba, moswavlis / studentis pasuxebidan gamomdinare. maswavleblebs

moeTxovebaT moswavleebis / studentebis progresis monitoringi da gzebis

gamoZebna saswavlo problemebis mignebis, gaanalizebisa da daZlevisaTvis,

agreTve, maTi individualuri saswavlo SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba.

maswavleblebi aucileblad unda erkveodnen saswavlo procesebSi, maTi didi

mravalferovnebisa da imis miuxedavad, rom es garkveuloba SeiZleba iyos

gamocdilebis gaucnobierebeli produqti da ara Teoriuli ganxilvis mkafiod

formulirebuli Sedegi, rac ganixileba im wvlilad, romelic ganaTlebis

sferos mkvlevarebma da maswavlebelTa trenerebma swavlaSi unda Seitanon~.

kompetenciebis 6.3-dan moxmobili es citata aRwers Tqveni

maswavlebleblebisaTvis wayenebul udides moTxovnas.

davaleba

es aRweriloba miesadageba Tqvens maswavleblebs? eTanxmebiT mis yvela

aspeqts? Tu ara, ris damatebaa saWiro, an ra ar miesadageba Tqvens SemTxvevas?

ra SesaZleblobebi aqvT Tqvens maswavleblebs Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis

mocemul sferoSi:

swavlebis unarebi,

klasis marTvis unarebi;

moqmedebaSi kvlevis gamoyenebisa da gamocdilebaze dafiqrebis unari;

swavlis stili;

testirebisa da Sefasebis codna da maTTvis Tavis garTmevis unari;

mocemuli enis sociokulturuli ganzomilebis codna da maTi swavlebis

unari;

kulturaTaSoris midgomebi da unarebi;

literaturis esTetikurad Sefasebis codna da misi studentebSi

ganviTarebis unari;

heterogenul klasebSi individualizaciasTan Tavis garTmevis unari.

!!

169

!Ubwj!WJJ!

! !!

frenk heivorTi

xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontroli enis Seswavlasa da swavlebaSi

1. xarisxTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi enobriv ganaTlebaSi

ìs, rasac vakeTeb, sworia?~ da `sworad vakeTeb?~ _ es ori mTavari kiTxva

daismis xarisxTan dakavSirebuli procedurebis gamoyenebisas, aqtivobis nebis-

mier sferoSi, am Tavis pirvel nawilSi, exeba ra kurikulumis proeqtirebasa da

Sedgenas, ganixilavs pirvel SekiTxvaSi Semaval sakiTxebs _ principebs, romle-

bic monawileobs imis gadawyvetaSi, Tu romeli enebis swavleba unda moxdes, ra

asakSi, ra miznebisa da amocanebis misaRwevad. meore nawili, exeba ra enobrivi

ganaTlebis micemasa da organizebas, ganixilavs kurikulumis praqtikaSi gamo-

yenebas, `sworad keTebas~. kompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs konceptualur bazas

orive SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad _ ara preskriptiulad, aramed ofciebis

miTiTebiT, romelTa Sorisac unda gakeTdes arCevani, enis swavlebis bunebasa da

saswavlo aqtivobebTan mimarTebaSi.

mesame nawili ganixilavs procesebisa da procedurebis saWiroebas

xarisxis Sesafaseblad da maT gamoyenebas rogorc dagegmvis, ise miwodebis

fazebSi. aRweril iqneba xarisxis uzrunvelyofasa da kontrolTan dakavSire-

buli sakiTxebi; da enis swavlebis farglebs gareT, xarisxis marTvis zogad

sferoze dayrdnobiT, Seswavlil iqneba aRniSnuli procedurebis gamoyenebis

sakiTxi enis swavlebaSi. naCvenebi iqneba, Tu ramdenad uwyobs xels xarisxis

uzrunvelyofa da kontroli warmatebul praqtikas da imis gansazRvras, Tu

rodisaa saWiro cvlilebis gatareba.

enobrivi ganaTlebis sferoSi aucilebelia naTeli da Tanamimdevruli

warmodgenis Seqmna imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu `ra aris swori~. aranakleb

mniSvnelovania is procedurebic, romelTa meSveobiTac vamowmebT Tu `vakeTebT

sworad~. es imas niSnavs, rom bevr sxva sakiTxTan erTad, unda ganvixiloT Sem-

degic.

• ra kriteriumebi unda iqnes gamoyenebuli gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis

procesSi, rom kurikulumiT gaTvaliswinebul iqnes saTanado

faqtorebi?

• ra nimuSebis mixedviT unda Sefasdes swavlebis / saswavlo

aqtivobebis xarisxi?

• ra procesebis meSveobiT xdeba swavlebis / swavlis dagegmvis, or-

ganizeba da micema?

• rogor xdeba aRniSnuli nimuSebisa da procesebis aRwera da mi-

wodeba ise, rom monawileebisaTvis isini gasagebi iyos da maT

SeeZloT sakuTari wvlilis Setana am nimuSebisa da procesebis

gansazRvrasa da ganviTarebaSi?

170

• saswavlo aqtivobebSi monawileebs _ maswavleblebs, Semswavlelebs,

administratorebs, mSoblebs, a. S. _ ra valdebulebebi gaaCniaT

xarisxTan mimarTebaSi?

• ra procedurebia saWiro swavlebis saswavlo aqtivobebis sameTva-

lyureod da ukukavSiris misaRebad?

• ra procedurebia gaTvaliswinebuli xarisxis kontrolisaTvis? vin

asrulebs maT? rogor unda moxdes xarisxis kontrolis Sedegebis

gamoyeneba dagegmvisa da miwodebis procesebSi?

msgavsi sakiTxebis ganxilvisaTvis saWiroa, SeviswavloT xarisxis uzrun-

velyofisa da kontrolis procedurebis gamoyeneba, zogadad, swavlebaSi da

konkretulad, enobriv ganaTlebaSi, da SevadaroT isini sxva sferoSi arsebul

gavrcelebul midgomebs. es SeiZleba gvTavazobdes sxvadasxva midgomebis gamo-

yenebas enis swavlebasa da saswavlo aqtivobebSi.

1. 1. xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontroli zogadad

koncefciebi da meTodebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo xarisxTan da-

kavSirebul procedurebs, ganviTarda, ZiriTadad, amerikis SeerTebuli State-

bisa da iaponiis industriul garemoSi, meore msoflio omis dros da mis Sem-

dgom periodSi. mizans warmoadgenda producirebis procesebis efeqturobis

gazrda, Secdomebis SemcirebiT _ erT-erTi lozungi iyo àraviTari toleran-

toba SecdomasTan mimarTebaSi~ _ da maRali, standartis Sesabamisi xarisxis

saqonlis warmoeba. am miznis misaRwevad, SemuSavebul iqna calkeuli proce-

durebi da principebi:

_ mza produqtisa da misi Semadgeneli nawilebis daniSnulebis

gaanalizebis moTxovna:

_ komponentebis yuradRebiT Seqmna, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo maTi

daniSnulebisamebr gamoyeneba;

_ gasagebi standartebi mza producirebis daniSnulebasTan mimarTebaSi.

gacnobierebul iqna, rom xarisxis gaumjobeseba mxolod teqnologiuri

progresis gziT SeuZlebeli iyo. iaponia xazs usvamda, rom producirebis

xarisxze pasuxs agebda mwarmoebeli da ara gareSe inspeqtori da rom gunduri

principiT muSaoba ukeTesi iqneboda, radgan SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda Sromis

fleqsiurad da sazrianad organizeba. patara gundebs stimuli mieca

winadadebebisa da xarisxTan dakavSirebuli iniciativebis uzrunvelsayofad,

rom momxdariyo sasurveli midgomisa da damokidebulebis xelSewyoba.

Secdomebis gasworeba Zvir da drois mflangvel siamovnebad miiCneoda da

amitom mizans warmoadgenda Secdomebis erTxel da samudamod aRmofxvra.

xarisxis marTvis koncefcia ukavSirdeba rogorc momsaxurebis

uzrunvelyofas, ise saqonlis warmoebas. gamomdinare iqidan, rom momsaxureba

ise xelSesaxebi ver iqneba, rogorc saqoneli, Semotanil iqna momxmareblis

dakmayofilebis idea da moxda xarisxis masTan dakavSireba _ gamoyenebuli iyo

aseTi lozungebi, rogoricaa `xarisxi gulisxmobs momxmareblis molodinis

gamarTlebas~ da `xarisxi gulisxmobs momxmareblis molodinis gadaWarbebas~.

momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofisas mimwodebelsa da momxmarebels Soris dadebuli

kontraqti SefardebiTia da momsaxurebis xarisxi xSirad ganisazRvreba

pirobiT, romelic aRniSnulia sagarantio furcelze. magaliTad, rkinigza

pirobas iZleva, rom Tu matarebeli ar Camova dadgenil dros X wuTebis

farglebSi, mgzavrebs daubrundebaT bileTis Rirebulebis nawili; an

sastumroebis qselis SemTxvevaSi, mocemulia garantiebi momsaxurebis tipebsa da

siCqaresTan mimarTebaSi. momsaxurebis mniSvnelovani elementi aris SeTavazebis

gasagebad Camoyalibeba _ `TqviT, ras akeTebT / gaakeTeT is, rasac ambobT~.

xarisxis uzrunvelyofa mniSvnelovani aspeqtia warmoebasa da

momsaxurebaSi da aseve mniSvnelovani faqtori gaxda kompaniebisa da sxva

organizaciebis marTvaSi. procedurebi iyofa `xarisxis uzrunvelyofad~ _

171

nabijebi, romlebic unda gadaidgas maRali xarisxis saqonlis warmoebisa da

momsaxurebis uzrunvelsayofad; da `xarisxis kontrolad~ _ procedurebi,

romlebic gulisxmobs Semowmebas, Sepirebuli xarisxis misaRwevad. xarisxis

uzrunvelyofis idea gaCnda sazogadoebriv sferoSic. magaliTad, mTavrobebi

adgenen specifikur standartebs jandacvisa Tu ganaTlebis xarisxis

uzrunvelsayofad.

aseve, adgili hqonda SromiTi urTierTobebis gansazRvris mcdelobasac

im TvalsazrisiT, rom maTze zegavlenas axdens momxmareblis dakmayofilebis

faqtori. organizaciaSi moRvawe yovel adamians sakuTari momxmareblebi hyavs,

Sida an gare, romelTa moTxovnebic unda daakmayofilos, xolo mimwodeblebi,

uzrunvelyofen ra momsaxurebas, saSualebas aZleven adamianebs, efeqturad

Seasrulon sakuTari davalebebi.

rogorc, zogadad, ise konkretul aqtivobasTan mimarTebaSi standartebis

dasadgenad mravali organizacia Seiqmna. isini akontroleben am standartebis

validurobasac. saerTaSoriso standartebis organizacias (ISO) gaaCnia mTeli

rigi normebi, magaliTad, ISO 9000 emsaxureba warmoebis sferos da amasTan

sxvadasxva tipis skolebsac. ISO-s sertificireba amowmebs saTanado

procedurebis Catarebas, rom uzrunvelyofil iqnes xarisxTan mimarTebaSi

standartebis gamoyeneba, Tumca TviT producirebisa da momsaxurebis xarisxs ar

ganixilavs. saganmanaTleblo konteqstSi, ISO gaakontrolebs procedurebs

swavlebis xarisxis meTvalyureobasa da Sefasebaze, magram aranairad ar

Seafasebs TviT saklaso oTaxSi Catarebuli samuSaos xarisxs.

aqtivobis mraval sferoSi kargad aTviTcnobiereben koncefcias xarisxis

Sesaxeb. es, gansakuTrebiT, exeba im sferoebs, sadac xdeba producirebis an

momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa saxelmwifo Tu komerciuli sawarmoebis mier., enis

Seswavla da swavlebac SegviZlia ganvixiloT xarisxis, misi Sefasebisa da

kontrolis aspeqtSi.

pauza dafiqrebisaTvis

daufiqrdiT Tqvens yoveldRiur tranzaqciebsa da aqtivobebs.

ra kriteriumebs mimarTavT producirebisa da momsaxurebis xarisxis

Sesafaseblad?

1. 2. xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontroli

saganmanaTleblo konteqstebSi

saxelmwifo ganaTlebaSi xarisxis marTva, Cveulebriv, arazedmiwevniT da

xSirad, arasistematur xasiaTs atarebs. bevr qveyanaSi xarisxis kontrolze

pasuxs agebdnen ganaTlebis saministros inspeqtorebi, romelTa movaleobaSi

Sedioda ara mxolod skolebis inspeqtireba, aramed akreditebac; zogierT

qveyanaSi inspeqtorebs evalebodaT maswavleblebze meTvalyureoba da maTi

Sefaseba, rac zegavlenas axdenda maswavlebelTa xelfassa da karieraze. bolo

wlebSi inspeqtorebi, ZiriTadad, Semoifarglebian skolebisaTvis rCevis micemiT

da kargi praqtikis xelSewyobiT. kontroli da sanqciebi maT kompetenciaSi aRar

Sedis.

Sida xarisxis uzrunvelyofis procedurebic Zalze gansxvavdeboda.

Cveulebriv, nakleb meTvalyureobas eqvemdebareboda swavleba da maswavleblebi

marto muSaobdnen, gaivlidnen ra aprobirebas. zogierT skolaSi klasebze

meTvalyureobas awarmoebs departamentis xelmZRvaneli an arsebobs

urTierTmeTvalyureobis sistema, magram es praqtika ganzogadebuli ar aris da

ufro gavrcelebulia kerZo ganaTlebaSi da ara saxelmwifo sistemaSi.

miuxedavad zemoxsenebulisa, bolo wlebSi mometebulad daiwyo zrunva im

mxriv, rom skolebi eqvemdebarebodnen standartebs da pasuxs agebdnen xarisxze.

zogierT qveyanaSi skolebma Seqmnes saskolo programebi _ ganacxadebi sakuTar

172

miznebsa da maTi miRwevis saSualebebze, ramdenime institutma SesZlo ISO 9001

serTifikatis mopovebac.

enis kerZo skolebi ufro metad arian dainteresebulni imiT, rom

konkurentunariani moswavleebi hyavdeT da amitomac, mniSvnelovnad ganaviTares

inspeqtirebis sqemebi, kargi praqtikis kontrolisa da akreditebisaTvis.

britaneTis sabWo axdens inglisuri enis administrirebas britaneTis

saakreditacio sistemaSi da meTvalyureobs rogorc kerZo, ise ganaTlebis

Semdgom safexurze arsebul institutebs. arsebobs ramdenime erovnuli

asociaciac, romlebic emsaxureba xarisxis uzrunvelyofas akreditebis gziT da

gascems xarisxis damadasturebel serTifikatebs skolebisaTvis. SOUFFLE-safrangeTSi, IQDeutsch-germaniaSi; CELE-espaneTSi, QUEST-rumineTSi aRniSnuli

iniciativis ramdenime magaliTia. EAQUALS-s (enis xarisxis samsaxuris evropuli

asociacia) gaaCnia inspeqtirebis sistema, romlis samoqmedo kodeqsic iTvalis-

winebs qartiebis gacemas SemswavlelebisaTvis, personalisaTvis da sainforma-

cio uzrunvelyofisaTvis. man akreditacia misca skolebs TerTmet saxelmwi-

foSi, mraval enasTan mimarTebaSi.

1. 3. xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da xarisxis kontrolis gamoyeneba

enis swavlebasa da SeswavlaSi

Cveni mizani ar aris industriul da komerciul konteqstebSi arsebuli

xarisxis uzrunvelyofis modelebis mTlianad gamoyeneba saganmanaTleblo

aqtivobebSi. arc is gvinda, rom enis swavlebaSi miznebis miRweva momxmarebelTa

dakmayofilebis martivi kriteriumebis mixedviT xdebodes. Tumca, isic aRsaniS-

navia, rom sxva sferoebis msgavsad, enobrivi ganaTlebac momxmarebelTa moTxov-

nebs unda akmayofilebdes. saubaria, zogadad, Semswavlelebze, mSoblebze,

dasaqmebulebze rogorc saxelmwifo ganaTlebis, ise kerZo seqtoris

SemTxvevaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, urigo ar iqneba, gaviTvaliswinoT enis swav-

lebis farglebs gareT arsebuli gamocdileba da SevafasoT, ramdenad SesaZle-

beli an SeuZlebelia misi gamoyeneba.

enis Seswavla da swavleba kompleqsuri movlenebia da SeuZlebelia maT-

Tan mimarTebaSi xarisxis uzrunvelyofis erTi romelime martivi modelis gamo-

yeneba. Seswavlisa da swavlebis procesebze zegavlenas axdens SemswavlelTa da

maswavlebelTa individualuroba da maT Soris arsebuli urTierTobebi. Si-

naarsi da sadiskusio Temebi ganisazRvreba maT irgvliv samyaroSi mimdinare

movlenebiT. miuxedavad amisa, saWiroa maRali standartebis dakmayofilebis

miznad dasaxva da im kriteriumebis dadgena, romelTa mixedviTac moxdeba swav-

lebis / swavlis xarisxis Sefaseba. faqtorebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebul unda

iqnes am kriteriumebis dadgenisas, moicavs:

• saskolo sistemis safuZvelSi arsebul sabazo ganaTlebis principebsa

da mrwamss.

arsebobs Tu ara konsensusi enis swavlebisa da Seswavlis miznebTan mi-

marTebaSi? kompetenciebi Segnebulad aridebs Tavs preskriptiulobas _ `Cveni

mizani ar aris vukarnaxoT praqtikosebs, ra da rogor akeTon...~, magram

imavdroulad, ayalibebs principebis farTo speqtrs. kompetenciebi `mxardaWeras

ucxadebs im meTodebs, romlebic exmareba Semswavlelebs saWiro midgomebis,

codnisa da unarebis SeZenaSi, rom moipovon meti damoukidebloba azrovnebasa

da moqmedebaSi, da ufro meti pasuxismgebloba da kooperaciuloba gamoamJRav-

non sxva adamianebTan urTierTobaSi~.

173

noris, lasnieri, morfeldi, borneto da spasi naSromSi `gzamkvlevi

xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad enis programebis Sefasebasa da SedgenaSi~ gvTa-

vazoben Semdeg principebs xarisxTan mimarTebiT:

principebi qveprincipebi

marTebuloba Semswavlelze koncentrireba, pasuxis-

mgebloba, Sesabamisoba

gamWvirvaleoba miznebis sicxade sicxade maT miRwevas-

Tan mimarTebaSi prezentaciis sicxade

logikuri dasabuTebis sicxade

saimedooba mdgradoba Sida Tanamimdevruloba me-

Todologiuri erTianoba enobrivi er-

Tianoba praqtikuloba

mimzidveloba advilad gasagebi interaqtiuloba mra-

valferovneba mgrZnobeloba

fleqsiuroba individualizacia adaptirebis unari

generaciuloba (ganapirobebs swavla

Semdgom swavlas an ganviTarebas?)

transferuloba integracia kognituri

ganviTareba

monawileoba CarTuloba piradi interesi part-

nioroba

efeqturoba Rirebulebis efeqturoba ergonomia

socializireba socialuri unarebi, kulturaTaSoris

gaTvicnobierebuloba

• enis swavlebisa da Seswavlis organizebis procesze orientirebuli

modeli

arsebobs gasagebad Sedgenili kurikulumi doneebis aseve

gasagebi deskriptorebiT? gamoiyeneba igi Sesaferis resursebTan er-

Tad? arsebobs saTanado Sefaseba SemswavlelTa jgufebSi

gadasanawileblad, progresisa da miRwevis gansazRvrisaTvis? arsebobs

sistemebi swavlebis meTvalyureobisaTvis da Semswavlelebisagan sa-

pasuxo informaciis misaRebad, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes procesis

efeqturobis monitoringi?

• swavleba / swavla momxmarebelze koncentrirebiT

es Sexeduleba moicavs rogorc SemswavlelTa mier naswavli

enis gamoyenebis variantebis, ise imis gaanalizebas, Tu rogoria maTi

saswavlo moTxovnebi da ras aniWeben isini upiratesobas. igi aseve

ganixilavs enobrivi ganaTlebis sistemis sxva `mewileebsac~ _

mSoblebs, potenciur damsaqmeblebs, sazogadoebis moTxovnebs, a. S. es

sistema gamoiyenebs iseT procedurebsac, rogoricaa kiTxvebi da

aqcentirebuli jgufebi, rom daadginos, ramdenad kmayofili arian

momxmareblebi saswavlo aqtivobebiT.

• swavlebis / swavlis procesSi CarTuli adamianuri resursebis

marTvaze koncentrirebuli kriteriumebi

arsebobs maswavlebelTa treningisa da ganviTarebisaTvis saTanado

SesaZleblobebi? arsebobs saSualebebi urTierTmeTvalyureobisaTvis

an swavlebis procesze dasafiqreblad? xelmisawvdomia saTanado re-

sursebi?

• swavlebis / saswavlo aqtivobebis Sedegebis Sefaseba

dasaxulia amocanebi progressa da miRwevasTan mimarTebaSi?

miRweulia es amocanebi? sajaro gamocdebis Sedegebi damakmayofile-

belia?

174

institutebs, romlebic monawileoben enis swavlebaSi mouwevT aseTi faqtore-

bis gaTvaliswineba, rom gansazRvron sakuTari sisworis Sesafasebeli kriteri-

umebi da sakuTari TavisaTvis dadgenili standartebi.


pirdapir Tu iribad, ra models / modelebs iyenebT Tqvens institutSi enobrivi

ganaTlebis xarisxis Sesafaseblad?

Sesaferisia es modeli? ra standartebs iyenebT?

momxmarebelTa dakmayofileba

saganmanaTleblo principebi

procesis efeqturad marTva

Sedegebis Sefaseba

aqcenti adamianur resursebze

1. 4. enis swavlebaSi xarisxis uzrunvelyofis gamoyeneba

xarisxis uzrunvelyofiT vgulisxmobT im nabijebis gadadgmas, rac ga-

napirobebs maRali donis standartebis dadgenasa da dakmayofilebas. standar-

tebis SenarCunebis kontroli xarisxis kontrolis sferoa.

`TqviT, ras akeTebT~

gamWvirvaleoba da Tanamimdevruloba standartebis dadgenis ZiriTadi

maxasiaTebelia. erovnuli kurikulumis doneze is moiazrebs, rom mizani da eno-

brivi ganaTlebis Sinaarsi, maTi organizebis gzebTan erTad, gacxadebuli da

xelmisawvdomi iqneba; anu saWiroa gadawyvetilebebis miReba imasTan dakavSire-

biT, Tu romeli enebis swavleba unda moxdes, ra asakSi da ra miznebidan gamom-

dinare. unda ganisazRvros done, romlis miRwevacaa saWiro saskolo sistemis

erTi nawilidan momdevnoze gadasasvlelad da misi Sefasebis saSualebebi.

miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi keTilgonivruli rom iyos, unda Seiqmnas sistema,

romelic gaiTvaliswinebs mSoblebis survilebs, sazogadoebriv, saganmanaTle-

blo da enobrivi eqspertebis moTxovnebs. aseve, saWiro iqneba Sesasrulebeli

amocanebis gansazRvra da ararealuri molodinebis Tavidan acileba. kompeten-

ciebi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis instrumenti iqneba; amocanaTa gansazRvra

enis swavlebisaTvis, garkveul etapze, unda moicavdes im donis gancxadebas,

romlis miRwevacaa dasaxuli. `Cveni erT-erTi mizania partniorebis daxmareba

codnis donis aRweraSi, rasac iTxovs arsebuli standartebi, testebi da ga-

mocdebi, rom ufro advili gaxdes kvalifikaciis sxvadasxva sistemebis Se-

dareba. am mizniT Seiqmna deskripciuli sqema da zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi.

uzrunvelyofilia konceptualuri tabula, romlis meSveobiTac momxmareblebi

SesZleben sakuTari sistemis aRweras~ (kompetenciebi)

enis swavlebis kuTxiT es gulisxmobs, rom kurikulumebi aramarto unda

arsebobdes, aramed xelmisawvdomi unda iyos Semswavlelebisa da maswavle-

blebisaTvis da maT dasrulebuli saxe unda misces silabusebma, samuSao sqe-

mebma, yovelkvireulma gegmebma, a. S. doneebis mkafiod Camoyalibebuli da

gasagebi deskriptorebi uzrunvelyofs saWiro CarCos amocanebis dasaxvisa da

progresis SefasebisaTvis.

rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo seqtoris institutebi TavianTi kompeten-

ciebis wardgenisaTvis, cdiloben gaakeTon sajaro gancxadebebi sakuTar sagan-

manaTleblo principebze da im pirobebze, romlebsac momxmareblebs aZleven.

sajaro gancxadeba SeiZleba gakeTdes sxvadasxva formiT, erovnuli kuriku-

175

lumebis da a. S. mraval doneze, Tumca, xarisxis uzrunvelyofis arsebiTi

nawili aris is, rom unda arsebobdes garkveuli xiluli gancxadeba.

gTavazobT nawyvets studenturi qartiidan:

organizaciis wevrebi emxrobian Semdeg studentur qartias:

yvela skola uzrunvelyofs:

swavlebis da ganaTlebis maRali donis standartebs

profesiul xelmZRvanelobasa da integracias

regularul xelmZRvanelobasa da integracias

regularul damoukidebel inspeqtirebas standartebis SenarCuneb-isaTvis

informaciis sizustes, sarwmunoebasa da sajaroobas

efeqtur administrirebasa da damxmare momsaxurebebs

saTanado pirobebsa da saSualebebs enis SeswavlisaTvis

zedmiwevniT testirebas enis kompetenciis gansazRvrisaTvis

struqturizebul saswavlo kurss, romelic iyofa doneebad da

miesadageba studentebis moTxovnebs.

swavlebis Sesaferis da efeqtur meTodebs

saTanado, regularul Sefasebas, raportebs, kursis bolos Sefasebas

sertifikatisaTvis

gamocdil da kompetentur maswavleblebs, romlebic muSaoben saTanado

kvalifikaciis mqone akademiur menejeris zedamxedvelobis qveS

swavlebis regularul meTvalyureobas

saswavlo kursis Sesaxeb informaciisa da rCevis miRebis SesaZleblobebs.


rogor atyobinebs Tqveni instituti sakuTar standartebs xarisxTan mimarTebaSi

Semswavlelebsa da sxva monawileebs?

qartiiT an garantiiT

gamoqveynebuli saskolo programebiT an

gegmebiT

kurikulumiT

arcerTi maTganiT

rogor fiqrobT, studentur qartiaSi mocemuli pirobebi miesadageba Tqvens sas-

wavlo garemos? ras daumatebdiT an amoiRebdiT am qartiidan?

standartebi _ standartebis dadgena SeuZlebelia mxolod institutis

standartebis safuZvelze. aucilebelia maTi ganxilva ufro zogadi garemos

konteqstSi. standartebi aris midgoma, romelic cdilobs `saukeTeso praqtikis~

identificirebas _ sxva institutSi, romelic igive saqmianobas eweva, sxva kon-

teqstebSi da am standartebis sazomad, gamoyenebas im saqmianobasTan mimarTe-

baSi, romelsac mocemuli instituti eweva. magaliTad, skolam SeiZleba miznad

daisaxos sajaro gamocdebze iseTi Sedegebis miRweva, romelsac aRweven sxva

warmatebuli skolebi _ adgilobrivi garemosa da SezRudvebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

176

`gaakeTeT is, rasac ambobT~

standartebis cnobebis gamWvirvale sistema logikuri Sedegi aris aR-

niSnuli standartebis SenarCunebis uzrunvalsayofad sistemebis Seqmna. skolis

garemoSi amisaTvis, ramdenime midgoma arsebobs.

_ TviTSefaseba _ institutisaTvis sasargebloa drodadro TviTSefasebis

procesis gavla. jer individualurad, xolo Semdeg jgufebSi, struqtur-

izebuli kiTxvarebisa da sakontrolo furclis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia

gairkves xdeba Tu ara standartebis gamoyeneba da SenarCuneba. magaliTad, mas-

wavleblebisa da xelmZRvanelobis, iseve rogorc skolebisa da maTi Semswav-

lelebis aRqma xSirad gansxvavebulia, amitom urigo ar iqneba imis uzrunvely-

ofa, rom yvela mewiles hqondes TviTSefasebis procesSi monawileobis SesaZle-

bloba. gTavazobT nawyvets maswavlebelTa TviTSefasebis kiTxvebidan:

kursis dagegmva (maswavleblebi)

9. ra instrumentebs iyenebT kursis dagegmvisaTvis:

10. arsebobs kurikulumi an programa?

diax, ara

komentari

11. gaqvT misi asli an iciT, sad SeiZleba misi miReba?

diax, ara

komentari

12. iyenebT mas, roca swavlebas gegmavT?

diax, ara

komentari

13. RebulobT sakamris informacias Tqvens gakveTilebze, maT dawyebamde?

14. saerTod, studentebis molodinebi kursis SinaarsTan mimarTebaSi

realisturia?

diax, ara

komentari

15. saerTod, studentebis molodini gamoyenebad saswavlo meTodebTan

mimarTebaSi realisturia?

diax, ara

komentari

da nawyvets enis skolis SemswavlelTa kiTxvarebidan:

1. sami ram rac mogwonT am skolaSi?

2. advili iyo am skolaze informaciis miReba da Caricxva?

3. SesaZlebelia TqvenTvis sasurveli kursis TqvenTvis mosaxerxebel

dros gavla?

4. amarTlebs skola Tqvens molodins (magaliTad, gamoyenebadi saswavlo

masalebi, sxva studentebi a.S)?

5. ra aris gansxvavebuli?

6. arsebobs Tu ara iseTi rame, rac axla iciT da gindaT gcodnodaT

skolaSi Caricxvamde (magaliTad, rogori gamocdebia?)

7 a) roca moxvediT, advilad gaikvlieT gza skolaSi?

b) ram gagiadvilaT es?

g) Tu iyo advili, ratom?

8. advilia informaciis miReba?

* personalisagan?

177

* werilobiTi dokumentaciidan?

* gancxadebaTa dafebidan _ romlebs aTvalierebT regularulad?

9. personali megobruli da advilad misadgomia?

10. iciT, rogor unda moiqceT (an sad unda gaarkvioT, rogor unda

moiqceT), Tu Tqven:

* dardobT, rom progress ver aRwevT?

* gamocdis Cabareba gindaT?

* mecadineobis drois Secvla gindaT?

* sxva kursze Cawera gindaT?

* kiTxva gagiCndaT kursis gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb?

* saCivari gaqvT?

* gangaSis zari gaigeT?

11. iciT, ra SeiZleba moxdes, Tu

* gamudmebiT igvianebT mecadineobaze?

* ramdenime mecadineoba gaacdineT winaswari gafrTxilebis gareSe?

Tu studentebma, zogadad ician pasuxebi am SekiTxvebze, hkiTxeT maT,

rogor moiZies es pasuxebi (magaliTad, werilobiTi informacia, pirvel dRes

iTqva, a. S)

12. rogor fiqrobT, pirobebi da saklaso oTaxebi Sesaferisia Tqveni

mecadineobebisaTvis? (magaliTad, sakmarisad didia, saTanadod aRWur-

vili, a. S)

13. ras urCevdiT skolas?

xarisxis uzrunvelyofa, SeuZlebelia yvela im adamianis monawileobis

gareSe, romelTac es exebaT da amitom regularuli TviTSefaseba gansakuTre-

biT mniSvnelovani instrumenti xdeba standartebis SesanarCuneblad sistemebis

SeqmnaSi. yvelaferi rom dalagdes, problemebisa da imis gacnobierebas, Tu

rogor xdeba saswavlo aqtivobebis aRqma, dasrulebuli saxe unda misces pro-

cedurebma. swavleba skolebis wamyvani aqtivobaa da aqedan gamomdinare, aucile-

belia sistemebis arseboba swavlebis aqtivobebis regularuli meTvalyureo-

bisaTvis. meTvalyureoba xSirad erevaT inspeqtirebasa da sanqciebSi, magram

arsebobs gzebi misi organizebisaTvis, rac meTvalyureobas ufro konstru-

qciulsa da pozitiurs gaxdis:

urTierTmeTvalyureoba _ maswavleblebi Tvalyurs adevneben erTmaneTis

mecadineobebs. amis organizeba SeiZleba monitoringis sistemis farglebSi, sa-

dac ufro gamocdili maswavlebeli daxmarebiTa da rCeviT uzrunvelyofs Tavis

naklebad gamocdil kolegas an arsebobs maswavlebelTa tandemi, romelic

gulisxmobs ori maswavleblis erTobliv, kooperaciul muSaobas eqvsi Tvis gan-

mavlobaSi. urTierTmeTvalyureoba ukeTes Sedegs iZleva Tu igi emsaxureba in-

formaciis uzrunveloyofas da ara Sefasebas. SesaZlebelia Seiqmnas sakon-

trolo furclebi, romelTa meSvobiTac ganisazRvreba swavlebis specifikuri

sferos meTvalyureobis farglebi _ klasis wevrebis monawileoba, maswavleblis

/ Semswavlelis sasaubro drois moculoba, a. S. urTierTmeTvalyureoba saWi-

roebs drois sworad ganawilebas, rom maswavleblebma moicalon meTvalyureo-

bisaTvis.

meTvalyureoba maswavlebelTa treneris mxridan, romelic uzrunvelyofs

rCevasa da trenings da dros uTmobs swavlebis unarebis ganviTarebas.

video gakveTilebis meTvalyureoba treningis dros sakmaod gamosadegia,

radgan SesaZlebels xdis teqnikaze koncentirebisas; xdeba gakveTilebis

calkeuli nawyvetebis krebulad gamocema an gakveTilebis videogadaReba. mas

Semdeg, rac es gakeTdeba, kargi iqneba, maswavlebels, romelsac exeba es sakiTxi,

saSualeba mieces airCios da redaqtireba gaukeTos im masalas, romlis Cvenebac

surs kolegebisaTvis.

meTvalyureoba akademiuri menejeris mxridan, romelic pasuxismgebelia

swavlebis standartebze, xarisxis uzrunvelyofis aucilebeli nawilia. stan-

178

dartebi sameTvalyureo procedurebisaTvis, Cveulebriv, moicavs winaswar

Setyobinebas meTvalyureobaze, sakontrolo furcels, romelsac winaswar nax-

ulobs am sakiTxTan urTierTobaSi myofi maswavlebeli da Semdeg, sakmaris

dros sistematuri ukukavSirisaTvis.

sistematuri meTvalyureoba ganapirobebs uwyvet muSaobas standartebis

SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. man SeiZleba migviyvanos imis gacnobiere-

bamdec, rom saWiroa gadaidgas nabijebi, cvlilebebis gasatareblad an gaum-

jobesebis misaRwevad. amas mohyveba proeqtebis ganviTareba, Tanamdevi treningiT

kvalifikaciis amaRlebisaTvis. skolebSi xSirad ewinaaRmdegebian cvlilebas da

amitom, proeqti, romelic am cvlilebas iTvaliswinebs, saTanadod unda iyos

organizebuli, xolo cvlilebebis Rirebuleba _ Sefasebuli.

cvlilebebis RirebulebaSi, ra Tqma unda, moiazreba ara mxolod fuli,

aramed Zalisxmeva, resursebis gamoyeneba da a. S. instituti, romelic etapo-

brivad mimarTavs xarisxis uzrunvelyofas, unda mivakuTvnoT iseTTa rigebs,

romlebic yovelTvis swavlasa da ukeTesis ZiebaSi arian. mudmivad cvalebad

mdgomareobaSi yofna saxifaToa, meore mxriv, sasargebloa iseTi ramis dadas-

tureba da gamyareba, rac ukve kargad gakeTebulia. SesaZlo procedura aseTia:

_ gadaamowmeT, ras akeTebT

_ yvelaferi kargadaa?

_ Tu es asea, daadastureT

_ Tu ara, mimarTeT novacias.

kargi praqtikis dadastureba isev mniSvnelovania, rogorc novaciis faza.

evropis komisiis gzamkvlevi enis xarisxianad swavlisa da swavlebis pro-

gramebisa da masalebis Sefasebisa da SeqmnisaTvis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis

process sam fazad hyofs: Seqmna, Sesruleba, Sedegi da uzrunvelyofs sakon-

trolo furclebis serias rogorc nabeWdi saxiT, ise interaqtiulad CD-Rom-ze,

rom praqtika Seafasos karg praqtikaze ganacxadebis mixedviT.


ra RonisZiebebs mimarTavs Tqveni instituti:

_ swavlebis aqtivobebis sameTvalyureod?

_ naklebad gamocdili maswavleblebis dasaxmareblad?

_ regularuli mimoxilvisaTvis organizebuli TviTSefasebiT?

_ proeqtebis saSualebiT novatorobisaTvis?

_ kvalifikaciis asamaRlebel treningze koncentrirebisaTvis?

_ praqtikis Sesadareblad saukeTeso praqtikasTan?

1. 5. xarisxis kontrolis gamoyeneba enis swavlebaSi.

gansxvaveba xarisxis kontrolsa da xarisxis uzrunvelyofas Soris imaSi

gamoixateba, rom pirveli ufro xSirad aqcents akeTebs xarisxis gare

Sefasebaze da aseve xSirad dakavSirebulia institutebis akreditebasTan an

kursebis validaciasTan. Tumca, arsebobs xarisxis kontrolis Sida

instrumentebic. Semswavlelebisagan sapasuxo informaciis regularulad da

sistematiurad miRebisaTvis gankuTvnili instrumentebi xSirad moicavs

kiTxvarebs, romelTa Sevseba unda moxdes kursis msvlelobisas an swavlebis

ciklis Semdeg. isini gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa, Tu gamoyeneba xdeba drois

garkveul periodSi da maTSi mocemulia SekiTxvebi, romlebic SeiZleba

statistikurad iqnes gaanalizebuli, rom miviRoT SedarebiTi angaris

gaumjobesebaze an gauaresebaze. miRebuli informacia ufro Tavisufali da

xarisxiani iqneba, Tu aqcentirebuli jgufis ramdenime Semswavlels sTxoven

detalur angariSs sakuTar Sexedulebebze institutsa da kursebTan

mimarTebaSi. institucionalur doneze, xarisxis gare kontrolis ZiriTadi

179

instrumenti, nebiT Tu ZaldatanebiT, iqneba auditisa da inspeqtirebis

sistemebis gamoyeneba. es, Cveulebriv, gulisxmobs gare auditorebis vizits,

institutis aqtivobebis detaluri Seswavlisa da saTanado angariss

SedgenisaTvis, rac ganapirobebs ukve arsebuli akreditaciis SenarCunebas an mis

rekomendacias. inspeqtirebis kargi sistemebis mizania gamWvirvaleoba da

Tanamimdevruloba, sakuTari ganxilvis dafuZneba mkafiod Camoyalibebul

standartebze da institutis mier gacxadebul miznebsa da amocanebze. es

sistemebi iyenebs sakontrolo nusxebsa da SeTanxmebul gzebs imis

gadamowmebisaTvis, Tu ramdenad SenarCunebulia standartebi. gTavazobT

nawyvets aseTi CarCodan:

praqtikis

kodi moTxovnili standarti mtkicebulebis safuZveli

1.5.1 (a)

swavlebisa da

ganaTlebis

maRali

standartebi

* jansaRi pedagogiuri midgomis

mkafiod Camoyalibebuli werilobiTi

mtkicebuleba (romelic gasagebia

inspeqtorisaTvis, konteqstis

mixedviT) romelsac icnoben rogorc

studentebi, ise personali

=> gakveTilis meTvalyureoba,

dokumentebis (magaliTad,

kurikulumis) ganxilva

maswavleblebTan erTad,

aqcentirebuli jgufis Sexvedra

studentebTan

1.5.1 (i)

swavlebis

saTanado da

efeqturi

meTodebi

* gakveTilebis efeqturi organizeba,

werilobiTi da / an CanawerebiT,

logikuri mimdinareoba, sadac

studentebs esmiT, ras akeTeben da

rogor daexmareba es maT swavlaSi;

* maswavleblebis unari gamoiyenon

swavlebis mravalferovani teqnika

daanawilon studentebi sxvadasxva

muSa jgufebSi (individualuri,

wyvilebi, jgufebi) waradginon

informacia, uzrunvelyon mxardaWera

da efeqturad da gasagebad Seitanon

cvlilebebi aqtivobaSi;

* yuradReba gamaxvildeba rogorc

calkeuli studentebis, ise mTliani

jgufis moTxovnebsa da interesebze,

magaliTad,jgufis farglebSi

sxvadasxva moTxovnebis ise

dakmayofileba, rom aman zegavlena ar

moaxdinos jgufis muSaobaze;

* swavlebis sxvadasxva saSualebebis

gamoyeneba, misi jgufis donesTan,

tipTan, asakTan da gakveTilebis

miznebTan misadagebiT:

saxelmZRvaneloebi, dafa, audio

kasetebi, teqstebi a. S;

* swavlaSi miRwevebis mopoveba yvela

an studentebis umravlesobis mier; * studentebis dakmayofilebis,

dainteresebis, CarTulobis,

monawileobis kargi xarisxi

=> samuSao sqemebi (magaliTad,

gakveTilebis erTTviani gegma,

romelsac zedamxedvelobis

akademiuri menejeri da romelic

Tavsdeba klasis gancxadebebis

dafaze) da gakveTilebis Canaw-

erebi

=> gakveTilebis gegma, gak-

veTilebis meTvalyureoba, mas-

wavleblebTan erTad ganxilva,


studentebTan;

=> gakveTilebi meTvalyureoba,


studentebTan, calkeuli stu-

dentebis akademiuri moswrebis

aRricxva

=> gakveTilebis gegmebi, gak-

veTilis meTvalyureoba,

xarisxis Sesabamisobisa da mas-

wavlebelTa resursebis

speqtris mimoxilva

=> gakveTilis meTvalyureoba,

aqcentirebuli jgufebis Sex-

vedra studentebTan, studente-

bis akademiuri moswrebis Canaw-

erebi da raportebi

=> sapasuxo informaciis siste-

mebi da Canawerebi, aqcentire-

buli jgufebis Sexvedra stu-

dentebTan, gakveTilis meTvaly-

ureoba

kerZo da rig SemTxvevebSi, saxelmwifo seqtorebSic, auditis mier akred-

iteba gulisxmobs institutisaTvis beWdis an iarliyis micemas, rac mowmobs,

rom misi momsaxurebis xarisxi kontrolirebuli da iuridiulad damowmebulia.

xarisxis kontrolis procedurebi gamoiyeneba enobrivi ganaTlebis sxva

sferoebSic: ALTE-m (enaSi gamomcdelTa evropis asociacia) SeimuSava samoqmedo

180

kodeqsi sajaro gamocdebisaTvis da amJamad muSaobs testebisa da gamocdebis

konstruqciisa da doneebis SesabamisobaSi moyvanis sakiTxebze.

xarisxis kontroli gamoiyeneba proeqtebis marTvaSic da proeqtebis Se-

fasebisaTvis SemuSavebul iqna kriteriumebi. gTavazobT magaliTs proeqtebis

marTvasTan mimarTebaSi arsebuli erT-erTi midgomidan:

mocemuli standartebi saganmanaTleblo proeqtebis SefasebisaTvis Se-

muSavebulia Carlz aldersonis mier:

proeqtis struqtura

miRwevebis indikatorebi

rogor unda moxdes indikatorebis

raodenobis gansazRvra an Sefaseba

mniSvnelovani varaudebi

ufro masStaburi

rogoricaa erov-

nuli donis _ ufro

masStaburi prob-

lemebidan, romelTa

gadawyvetaSi dagex-

marebaT es proeqti?

raodenobrivi an

xarisxobrivi Se-

fasebis ra gzebi

SeiZleba iqnes ga-

moyenebuli imis

Sesafaseblad, miR-

weulia Tu ara

ufro farTo amo-

canebi?

informaciis ra wyaroebi

arsebobs an SeiZleba

iqnes uzrunvelyofili

SedarebiT mcire danax-

arjiT.

ra gare faqtorebia

saWiro, rom proeqtis

uSualo amocanebiT

wvlili SevitanoT

ufro farTo amo-

canebSi?

uSualo amocanebi _

ra efeqtis moxdenaa

ganzraxuli mizno-

briv jgufebze an

institutze? ra

gaumjobesebas an

cvlilebas

moaxdens es pro-

eqti?

raodenobrivi an

xarisxobrivi Se-

fasebis ra gzebiT

SeiZleba gani-

sazRvros miRebuli

efeqti da sarge-

beli da maTi ga-

nawileba?


arsebobs an SeiZleba

iqnes uzrunvelyofili

SedarebiT mcire danax-

arjiT?

proeqtis kontrols

miRma arsebulma ra

faqtorebma (magali-

Tad, personalisa da

resursebis xelmisaw-

vdomoba) SeiZleba ga-

napirobos uSualo

amocanebis miRwevis

SezRudva?

produqti rogori

unda iyos (tipi,

raodenoba, rodisT-

vis), rom SesaZle-

beli gaxdes uSu-

alo amocanebis

miRweva? (magali-

Tad, axali kuri-

kulumis Cadeba

praqtikaSi,

momzadebuli kadri)


arsebobs?

romeli gare

faqtorebis gacno-

bierebaa saWiro, rom

miviRoT is produqti,

rac gegmiTaa gaTval-

iswinebuli?

miwodeba ra masalebis, aRWurvilobis an

momsaxurebis (momzadebuli kadri an a.S)

uzrunvelyofaa saWiro da ra xarjis ga-

RebiT, drois ra periodSi, vis mier?


arsebobs?

proeqtis xelmZRvan-

elebis kontrolis

farglebs miRma ra

gadawyvetilebaTa

miRebaa saWiro pro-

eqtis bolomde misay-

vanad?


xarisxis kontrolis ra sistemebs iyenebs Tqveni instituti?

maxasiaTebeli rogor gamoiyeneba

institutis gare inspeqtireba? iZleva

igi akreditacias an xarisxis aRm-

niSvnel iarliys?

kriteriumebi gasagebia?

sakontrolo furclebSi aRniSnulia is,

ris meTvalyureobac unda moxdes?

xdeba Sida da gare gamocdebis Semoweba

181

imis dasadgenad, Tu ramdenad akmayo-

filebs isini standartebs, xarisxTan

mimarTebaSi?

xdeba ra proeqtebis Sesrulebaze val-

debulebebis aReba, arsebobs sistemebi

xarisxis kontrolirebisaTvis?

ra kriteriumebi gamoiyeneba? ramdenad

aRqmadia isini proeqtis dasawyisSive?

2. kompetenciebis Sesabamisoba xarixis Sesaxeb arsebul sakiTxebTan.

evropis sabWos kompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs enis Seswavlisa da swav-

lebis Tanamimdevrul da amomwurav aRweras, rac SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes

xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad Semdegi kuTxiT:

2. 1. SemswavlelTa moTxovnebis gaanalizeba da amocanebis dasaxva.

gamWvirvale sistemas, romelic aRwevs mizans, Sinaarssa da doneebs,

arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs standartebis dadgenisa da SefasebisaTvis. Tavi 3

exeba skalirebasa da doneebs da Seiswavlis Semswavlelis codnis

aRwerilobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. igi aRwers, Tu ra sirTuleebs

ukavSirdeba doneTa deksriptorebis Seqmna, romlebic cxadyofs am doneebs

Soris sxvaobas, Semswavlelebisa da sxva momxmarebelTaTvis gasagebad da

pozitiuri wvlili Seaqvs saswavlo procesSi. naCvenebia sxvaoba

SemswavlelebisaTvis, damsaqmeblebisa da miRweuli donis sxva

SemfaseblebisaTvis, Seqmnil momxmarebelze orientirebul skalebs _ isini

cxadyofs, ris keTeba SeuZlia Semswavlels. _ da Semfasebelze orientirebul

skalebs Soris, romlebic megzurobas uwevs Semfasebels da gviCvenebs, ramdenad

kargad arTmevs Tavs Semswavleli swavlas. es Tavi ganixilavs sakiTxs doneebis

optimaluri raodenobis Sesaxeb, sxvadasxva miznebidan gamomdinare. daskvnis

saxiT naTqvamia, rom SesaZlebelia skalebis gasagebi, sazriani da Sefasebadi

deskriptorebis Seqmna da SemoTavazebulia zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi,

romlebic gansazRvravs damwyeb, damoukidebel da kvalificiur momxmareblebs

da momxmarebelTa TiToeul kategorias hyofs or doned.

kompetenciebis ganaxlebuli versiis me-4 Tavi gvawvdis amomwurav angariSs

enis gamoyenebasa da enis SemswavlelTa moTxovnaze. moTxovnaTa

gaanalizebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT gamosadegia diagrama 4.1, romelic exeba enis

gamoyenebis konteqsts da uzrunvelyofs kategoriebs, romelTa mixedviTac,

SesaZlebelia aRiweros, rogor iyeneben Semswavlelebi enas da rogor SeuZliaT

maT saswavlo amocanebis dasaxva. koncefciebi sferoebze _ pirovnuli,

sazogadoebrivi, profesiuli, saganmanaTleblo _ da adgilis, institutis,

adamianis, sagnis, movlenis, qmedebisa da teqstis deskriptiuli kategoriebi

uzrunvelyofs standartebs kiTxvarebis Sesadgenad, moTxovnaTa gaanalizebisa

da Sedegebis gansazRvrisaTvis.

punqti 4.3 aRwers sakomunikacio davalebebsa da miznebs da amomwurav

angariSs gvawvdis enobrivi kompetenciis sxvadasxva doneebze arsebuli

sakomunikacio davalebebis Sesaxeb.

punqti 4.5 aRwers sakomunikacio enobriv procesebs da producirebis,

recefciis, interaqciisa da mediaciis sam ZiriTad process. punqti 5.1 exeba

zogad kompetenciebs, romlebsac saWiroebs enis Semswavleli.


kompetenciebis doneebis deskriptorebi uzrunvelyofs saTanado bazas

SemswavlelTa amocanebis gansazRvrisaTvis da standartebs _ maTi moTxovnebis

SefasebisaTvis?

182

eqvsi done sakmarisa progresis saCveneblad saswavlo kursis ganmav-

lobaSi, Tu kidev saWiroa doneebis damateba?

2. 2. maRali donis enis kursebis Seqmna

Cveulebriv, xarisxis uzrunvelyofis principebi moiTxovs,

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqces im komponentebis Sedgenas, romlebic qmnis

produqts, an aqtivobas, xolo enis swavlis SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa amomwuravi

midgomis Camoyalibeba kurikulumis SedgenasTan mimarTebaSi. kompetenciebi

uzrunvelyofs gasaTvaliswinebeli kategoriebis yovlismomcvel aRweras.

kompetenciebis me-2 Tavi aqcents akeTebs moqmedebaze orientirebul

kategoriebze, romlebic monawileobs enis gamoyenebasa da enis SeswavlaSi.

kompetenciebi gansazRvravs enis gamoyenebis xuT ZiriTad maxasiaTebels _

specifikuri enobrivi aqtivoba, teqsti, sfero, strategia da davaleba

(ganxilulia TavebSi 4 da 7) _ romlebic ukavSirdeba enis Seswavlas da

gadamwyvetia enis swavlebis aqtivobaTa komponentebis definiciisaTvis.

kompetenciebi ganasxvavebs kompetenciebsac _ egzistencialuri kompetencia

(savoir-être), deklaraciuli codna (savoir), unarebi da nou-hau (savoir-faire) kompetenciebi 5.2 axdens zogadi kompetenciebis Semdgom definicias da

gansazRvravs:

• enobrivi kompetenciis komponentebs (leqsikuri, gramatikuli,

morfologiuri, semantikuri, fonologiuri)

• sociolingvisturi kompetenciis komponentebs (socialuri markerebi,

Tavazianobis pirobiToba, dialeqti da aqcenti);

• pragmatuli kompetenciis komponentebs (metyveleba, funqcionaluri

da sqematuri agebis kompetencia)

kompetenciebi 4.4 ganixilavs strategiebsa da strategiul kompetencias

oTxi ZiriTadi kategoriis mixedviT;

• recefcia;

• producireba;

• interaqcia;

• mediacia;

yoveli maTgani moicavs oTx ZiriTad process _ dagegmva, Sesruleba,

Sefaseba da Sesworeba

kompetenciebis me-8 Tavi exeba kurikulumis Sedgenis ufro politikur

elementebs da svams aseT SekiTxvebs:

• kompetenciis ra donis miRweva unda warmoadgendes mizans?

• ra igulisxmeba mravalenovnebaSi (plurilingvurobaSi)?

• rodis uzrunvelyofs nawilobrivi kopentenciebi enis saswavlo

programebisaTvis saTanado amocanebs?

• rogor SevuTavsoT erTmaneTs sxvadasxva enebis swavla?

• ramdenad SesaZlebelia profilebisa da portfolioebis daxmarebiT

enis swavlisTvis ufro meti motivaciis uzrunvelyofa da SeZenili enobrivi

unarebisa da codnis portatulobis xelSewyoba?

me-8 Tavi gansakuTrebiT gamosadegia maTTvis, vinc adgens kurikulums

saxelmwifo saskolo sistemis konteqstSi.

kompetenciebis me-3, me-4, me-5, me-7 da me-8 TavebSi mocemuli analizi da

deskrifcia uzrunvelyofs mTel rig direqtivebsa da instrumentebs, rac enis

swavlebisaTvis saWiro kompleqsuri procesebis detaluri definiciis

saSualebas iZleva. es, Tavis mxriv, uzrunvelyofs safuZvels iseTi

183

kurikulumebis Sesadgenad, romlebic akmayofilebs maRali donis standartebs

xarisxTan mimarTebaSi da romelTa miznebic gamWvirvale da mkafiod

Camoyalibebulia.

2. 3. swavlebis procesebis warmarTva

kompetenciebis me-6 Tavi exeba enis Seswavlisa da swavlebis procesebs.

igi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs swavlasa da dauflebas da migviTiTebs, rom

swavlis procesi moiazrebs kompetenciebis swavlasac da dauflebasac da im

unaris ganviTarebas, romelic gulisxmobs àm konpetenciebis praqtikulad

gamoyenebas, sasaubro frazebis / werilobiTi teqstebis producirebaSi /

recefciaSi, mniSvnelobis gadmocemisa da gagebis, agreTve, konteqstis mixedviT

interpretirebisa da sakomunikacio aqtivobebSi monawileobis mizniT~. 6.5-Si

gamokveTilia Teoriebi ìmasTan mimarTebaSi, Tu rogor xdeba enis Seswavla _

maT Soris debatebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, aris Tu ara enis swavla adamianis

ramdenadme Tandayolili informaciis damuSavebis aqtivoba, romelic saWiroebs

mxolod enasTan urTierTobas, Tu saWiroa swavleba da mecadineoba am procesis

daCqarebisaTvis. ganxilulia gacnobierebuli swavlisa da struqturizebuli

praqtikis mniSvnelobac.

cxadia, sxva sferoSi xarisxTan dakavSirebuli kriteriumebis analogia

ufro misadagebulad gamoiyeneba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom xdeba iseTi

saswavlo programebis Sedgena, romlebic xels uwyobs enis swavlis

produqtiulobas. punqti 6.7 aRwers meTodologiur ofciebs Tanamedrove enebis

Seswavlisa da swavlebisaTvis. erTi mxriv, igi Seiswavlis zogad midgomebs, maT

Soris swavlebaSi mxolod Sesaswavli enis an Semswavlelis pirveli enisa da

Sesaswavli enebis kombinirebulad gamoyenebas, da meore mxriv, enis Seswavlisa

da swavlebis procesebis specifikur aspeqtebs. isini moicavs Semdeg elementebs:

• teqstebi

• davalebebi da aqtivobebi

• maswavleblebis, Semswavlelebisa da saSualebebis roli

• zogadi kompetenciebi

• enobrivi kompetenciebi

• sociolingvisturi kompetenciebi

• pragmatuli kompetenciebi

• strategiebi

yoveli maTgani aRwers mocemul sferoSi maswavleblebisa da

moswavleebisaTvis xelmisawvdom ofciebs da parametrebs, romlebic

gansazRvravs swavlebis / saswavlo procesis warmatebas an warumateblobas.

punqti 6.5 specifikurad udgeba Secdomebs da sxvadasxva ofciebs,

romlebic xelmisawvdomia maswavleblebisaTvis, rogorc instrumentebi

Secdomebis gasworebisa da swavlis xelSewyobisaTvis.

kompetenciebis me-6 Tavi warmoadgens sakmaod gamosadeg gzamkvlevs

swavlebis procesebsa da maswavleblebisaTvis xelmisawvdom ofciebTan

mimarTebaSi. igi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli im deskriptorebsa da kategoriebTan,

romlebic gansazRvravs moTxovnaTa gaanalizebasa da komponentebis Sedgenas.

Tumca, igi ar iZleva zedmiwevniT direqtivebs imasTan dakavSirebiT Tu ramdenad

SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva ofciebis Tanamimdevrul procesSi kombinireba _

kompetenciebis mizani ar aris preskriptiuloba _ da swavlebis / saswavlo

procesebSi xarisxis uzrunvelyofaze pasuxismgebelT mouwevT sakuTari

ofciebis SerCeva specifikur sferoebSi, agreTve, mravalferovani procesebis

erTian da fleqsiur midgomad gardaqmna. es saWiroebs cxad kriteriumebs

swavlebis xarisxis aRwerisa da SefasebisaTvis.

184


xdeba Tu ara Tqvens institutSi kompetenciebis (garda enobrivi kompetenciebisa)

swavleba / Seswavla?

kompetencia rogor aris uzrunvelyofili?

sociolingvisturi

kulturaTaSoris

strategiuli kompetenciebi

pragmatuli kompetenciebi

rogor fiqrobT, enis gamoyenebis dayofas producirebad, recefciad, interaqciad

da mediaciad aqvs upiratesobebi tradiciul dayofasTan SedarebiT, rac gulisx-

mobs mosmenas, metyvelebas, kiTxvasa da weras?

gaaCnia instituts raime strategia miRebisa da gacemis, da dauflebisa da

struqturizebuli swavlebis SesaZleblobis balansTan mimarTebiT?

2. 4. saswavlo / swavlebis programebis Sedegebis Sefaseba

Sefaseba xarisxTan dakavSirebiT ciklis bolo elementia.

gasaTvaliswinebeli moTxovnilebebi gaanalizebulia; komponentebi

gansazRvruli da dadgenilia; isini gamoiyeneba Tanamimdevrul, gamWvirvale

procesSi. axla gasarkvevia, muSaobs Tu ara mTeli es procesi. iswavles

Semswavlelebma is, ris codnac sWirdebaT? SesZles sakuTari codnis

gamoyeneba? procesi ekonomiuri iyo droisa da resursebis TvalsazrisiT? am

kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad, gvesaWiroeba Sefasebis kriteriumebi da

instrumentebi _ mis Sesasruleblad.

me-9 Tavi exeba Sefasebas da dawvrilebiT aRwers sxvadasxva ofciebs,

romlebic gasaTvaliswinebelia enis saswvlo aqtivobebis ganviTarebisaTvis, igi

erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs normebze da kriteriumebze dafuZnebul Sefasebas,

testirebas miRwevebisa da codnis dasadgenad, formaciul da Semajamebel

Sefasebas. am TavSi wamoWrilia rogorc sakomunikacio, ise enobrivi

kompetenciis Sefasebis sakiTxi da citirebulia magaliTebi am sakiTxTan

mimarTebaSi arsebul sxvadasxva midgomebidan.

zogadi kompetenciebis doneebi ZiriTadi elementebia saerTo leqsikonisa

da standartebis SeqmnasTan mimarTebaSi, rac saSualebas mogvcems, visaubroT

enis codnaze, unarebsa da miRwevebze. isini, rogorc aseTi, mniSvnelovani

faqtorebia saTanado xarisxis uzrunvelyofasa da SefasebaSi. danarTSi

warmodgenilia mTeli rigi specifikuri skalebi, romlebic amomwuravad aSuqebs

enis codnisa da gamoyenebis kompetenciis sxvadasxva komponentebs. maTi

gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia arsebuli donisa da miznebis Sesafaseblad, amocanebis

gansazRvrisaTvis, agreTve, kursis Sedegebis Sesafaseblad. TviTSefasebis

tabula, mocemuli gverdebze ?? , saTanado deskriptorebiT, ase iwyeba: `me

SemiZlia...~ es tabula saSualebas miscems Semswavlelebs skalebze

warmoadginon sakuTari kompetenciebi.

mTlianobaSi, me-3 da me-9 Tavebi uzrunvelyofs mravlismomcvel

gzamkvlevs enaSi miRwevebisa da codnis gonivrulad, zedmiwevniT da gasagebad

SefasebisaTvis: enaSi gamomcdelTa evropis asociaciam (ALTE) mniSvnelovnad

ganaviTara kriteriumebi xarisxis Sesafaseblad enasTan, sul mcire im enebTan

mimarTebaSi, romelTac sayovelTaod Seiswavlian. axala ukve arsebobs saimedo

da validuri gamocdebi da testirebis sistemebi. ALTE-s `me SemiZlia~ tipis

185

ganacxadebi enasTan mimarTebaSi, warmoadgens faseul instruments, romlebic

dagvexmareba enobrivi amocanebis, doneebisa da Sefasebis gansazRvrasa da

daxvewaSi. isini mocemulia danarTSi:


CamoTvaleT Sefasebis sxvadasxva tipebi, romelTac iyenebs Tqveni instituti

Sefasebis mizani Sefasebis gamoyenebuli tipi

saswavlo jgufebSi ganawileba

progresis Semowmeba

miRwevebis Sefaseba

saswavlo moTxovnebis gansazRvra

kursis bolos sertificireba

sxva miznebi

es uzrunvelyofs maRali donis sistemas

Sejameba

kompetenciebi uzrunvelyofs xarisxTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebis aRweras

da gvawvdis Semdeg xelmisawvdom ofciebs:

sakiTxi kompetenciebi Semswavlelis moTxovnebis gaanalizeba Tavebi 3 da 4

kursebis Seqmna Tavebi 3,4 da 4

swavlebis procesebis warmarTva Tavi 6

Sedegebis Sefaseba Tavebi 3 da 9

dabolos, kompetenciebi warmoadgens principebisa da deskriptorebis

Seucvlel krebuls. maTi midgoma enaSi xarisxis uzrunvelyofisadmi ufro sis-

temuria. Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba saerTo kriteriumebis, deskripciuli katego-

riebisa da skalebTan dakavSirebiT winadadebebis miReba, saSualeba mogvecema,

ganvaxorcieloT moTxovnaTa analizis sazriani standartizacia da gan-

vsazRvroT enis saswavlo aqtivobebis komponentebi. es xels Seuwyobs ofciebis

gacnobierebulad SerCevas enis swavlebis procesSi da saerTo leqsikonis Se-

muSavebas miRwevebis aRwerisa da SefasebisaTvis. Tumca, es ar exeba xarisxis

uzrunvelyofis praqtikul aspeqtebs _ rogor SevqmnaT is samuSao garemo, sa-

dac monawileebi ufro metad SesZleben TviTdaxmarebas xarisxis mosapoveblad,

rogor unda uzrunvelyon maswavlebelTa asociaciebma da skolebma profesiuli

standartebis xelSewyoba, da rogor unda gamoviyenoT da gavaumjobesoT

xarisxis gare kontrolisa da inspeqtirebis sqemebi profesiuli standartebis

dasaxvewad.

186

samuSao furceli 1

ras gulisxmobT `xarisxSi”?

xarisxis uzrunvelyofaSi pirveli umniSvnelovanesi nabiji aris sakuTari

standartebis gacxadeba. saamisod, erT-erTi gzaa qartiis an Tqveni institutis

misiis Sesaxeb ganacxadis Seqmna, sadac aRniSnuli iqneba, Tu ras pirdebiT

mewileebs.

CamoTvaleT xuTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani piroba, romelic gsurT, rom

Tqvenma institutma dados

... skola / enebis ganyofileba Semswavlelebs pirobas aZlevs, rom:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

.. skola / enebis ganyofileba moswavleebs pirobas aZlevs, rom

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

...skola / enebis ganyofileba sazogadoebas pirobas aZlevs, rom:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

187

samuSao furceli 2

xarisxis Semowmeba

sakontrolo furclebi friad sasargeblo instrumentia xarisxis uzrun-

velyofisa da kontrolisaTvis

isargebleT mocemuli cxriliT, standartebis dadgenisa da SemowmebisaT-

vis _ magaliTi mocemulia pirvel punqtSi.

samoRvaweo sfero standartebi mtkicebuleba

1. swavlebisa da

ganaTlebis maRali donis

standartebi

*jansaRi pedagogiuri

midgomis mkafiod

Camoyalibebuli,

werilobiTi formis

midgoma (romelic

inspeqtorisaTvis

gasagebia, konteqstis

mixedviT) romelsac

icnoben rogorc

personali, ise

studentebi.

=> gakveTilis

meTvalyureoba,

dokumentebis (magaliTad,

kurikulumi), ganxilva

maswavleblebTan erTad,

aqcentirebuli jgufis

Sexvedra studentebTan.

2. gakveTilebis dagegmva

3. SemswavlelTa progre-

sis Semowmeba

4. kargi administrireba.

5. maswavlebelTa treningi

kvalifikaciis asamaR-

leblad.

6. Tavad SearCieT sfero

188

samuSao furceli 3

xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da kontroli

gTavazobT ramdenime proceduras xarisxis uzrunvelyofisa da kon-

trolisaTvis. ganaTavseT isini qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi da dafiqrdiT, romeli

sistema iqneboda Tqveni institutisaTvis gamosadegi.

gare inspeqtireba; kiTxvarebi TviTSefasebisaTvis;

studentTa aqcentirebuli jgufebi;

swavlebaSi urTierTmeTvalyureoba;

xarisxis uzrunvelyofa

studenturi qartiebi;

kiTxvarebi kursis bolos;

monitoringi;

donis aRniSvna;

ganacxadi skolis misiaze;

proeqtebi novaciebisaTvis;

xarisxis damadasturebeli iarliyebi

xarisxis kontroli

189

190

Ufnb!JW!

SemuSavebasa da SerCevaSi monawileTaTvis

191

!!

Ubwj!WJJJ!! !

endi hopkinsi

momxmarebelTa gzamkvlevi saxelmZRvanelosa da masalebis avtorebisTvis

Sesavali

es ratom? aq ratom? axla ratom?

es marTlac erTwinadadebiani Sejamebaa im yvelafrisa, rac am dokument-

Sia mocemuli: masalebis profesionalma Semdgenlebma (vinc masalebs wers pro-

fesionalur doneze) unda SesZlon sakuTari masalebis yoveli Semadgeneli

elementis ganxilva da awon-dawonva, aq dasmuli kiTxvebis mixedviT.

weris procesis nebismier etapze unda SegeZloT am SekiTxvebze

damakmayofilebli pasuxis gacema:

ra miznebi aqvT Semswavlelebs? Cems mier miwodebuli masala exmareba maT

am miznebis miRwevaSi? Cems mier miwodebuli masala sakmarisa maTTvis, am

miznebis misaRwevad?

Tu SegiZliaT gadaxedoT Tqvens namoRvawars da yvela am SekiTxvas ise

upasuxoT, rom Tavad darCeT kmayofili, Tqven saxelmZRvanelos gamocdili

Semdgeneli SeiZleba gewodoT! Tu sakuTari pasuxebiT ukmayofilo xarT,

vimedovnebT, es gzamkvlevi Rirebul samsaxurs gagiwevT.

miznebi

mocemuli Tavis ZiriTadi mizania gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis mTavar

aspeqtebze aqcentireba, radgan am procesSi aucileblad monawileoben

saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebi, da saxelmZRvanelosa da enis saswavlo masalebis

uzrunvelmyofTaTvis, dizainerebisa da avtorebisaTvis im specifikuri ofciebis

aRwera, romlebic saWiroa Semdeg dokumentze muSaobisaTvis: ucxo enis

zogadevropuli kompetenciebi: Seswavla, swavleba, Sefaseba (evropis sabWo 2001)

da im gzebis miTiTeba, romlebic daexmareba maT masalebis SemuSavebis

procesSi. es Tavi gamosadegi iqneba im maswavleblebisaTvis, romlebic

monawileoben Sida masalebis mcire masStabian SemuSavebaSi da maTTvisac, vinc

gadawyvetilebebs Rebulobs saxelmZRvanelos SerCevaze.

es Tavi agebulia rigi ZiriTadi SekiTxvebisa da gadawyvetilebebis

irgvliv, romlebic masalebis, gansakuTrebiT saxelmZRvanelos, nebismierma

seriozulma avtorma unda ganixilos, es aris ara mTlianad standartebis

192

aRwera, aramed kompetenciebze, rogorc masalebis avtorebisaTvis arsebul

fleqsiur resursebze orientireba.

ra ZiriTadi SekiTxvebi unda ganixilon masalebis avtorebma?

1. rogor xdeba im konteqstebis aRwera, romlebSic es

masalebi iqneba gamoyenebuli?

2. ra saxiT iqneba aRwerili masalebis miznebi?

3. Semswavlelebis moTxovnebsa da survilebTan mimarTebaSi,

ra saxis informaciaa xelmisawvdomi?

4. ra saSualebebis gamoyeneba aris sasurveli da praqtikuli

masalebisaTvis?

5. rogor moxdeba masalebis Sefaseba, dajgufeba da

Tanamimdevrobis gansazRvra?

6. ra saxis midgomebi iqneba gamarTlebuli?

7. davalebaTa ra speqtrs unda Seicavdes masalebi?

8. rogor moxdeba masalebSi Sesatani teqstebis SerCeva?

danarTi A : rCevebi masalebis weris procesebTan mimarTebaSi

danarTi B : weris procesis etapebis magaliTi

danarTi C : sakontrolo furceli saxelmZRvaneloebis SesarCevad

1. rogor xdeba im konteqstebis aRwera, romlebSic masalebi iqneba

gamoyenebuli?

masalebis avtorebs TiTqmis yovelTvis SeuZliaT masalebis Seqmna konk-

retuli tipis Sesmwavlelebisa da saswavlo situaciebisaTvis da bunebrivia,

saWiroa maTi maxasiaTeblebis mxedvelobaSi miReba. magaliTad, dafiqrdiT, kon-

teqstis Semdegi maxasiaTeblebi ra zegavlenas moaxdenda saxelmZRvanelos

Sedgenaze:

• saerTaSoriso gamomcemlis mier uzrunvelyofili kursi, romelic

gaTvlilia espanuri enis zrdasrul Semswavlelebze, mTeli msof-

lios masStabiT;

• germaniaSi SemuSavebuli kursi amave qveyanaSi biznesis fakultetis

pirveli kursis studentebis mosamzadeblad, rom maT SesZlon

meore wels amave kursis inglisurad mosmena britaneTSi;

• estoneTSi im ucxoelebisaTvis SemuSavebuli kursi, romelTac

surT miiRon estoneTis moqalaqeoba da saamisod unda Caabaron

testi estonur enaSi;

• britaneTSi britanelebi bavSvebisaTvis SemuSavebuli franguli

enis dawyebiTi kursi.

rogorc maswavleblebi, Cven, albaT, yvelaze ukeT vicnobT sxvadasxva

tipis SemswavlelTa maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic zegavlenas axdens kursis

Sedgenaze. Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia sxva faqtorebic: magaliTad, Semswav-

lelebi da maswavleblebi yovelTvis moqmedeben romelime institucionaluri

sistemis farglebSi, rac gansazRvravs an moiazrebs SesaZleblobebsa da Sez-

Rudvebs masalebis avtorebis muSaobaSi. sistemebi xSirad moicavs pirdapir an

irib specifikacias an direqtivebs, romlebic, magaliTad dakavSirebulia kuri-

kulumebTan, Sefasebis procedurebsa da midgomebTan, rasac Tan axlavs konkre-

tuli resursebi saSualebebTan, adgilTan, drosTan, klasSi studentebis

raodenobisa da personaliT dakompleqtebasTan mimarTebaSi. aseve, sworxazovnad

an modulebis saxiT SeiZleba arsebobdes institucionaluri cenzebi kurse-

bisaTvis, romlebic gamoiyeneba klasSi maswavleblebis xelmZRvanelobiT, TviT

an distanciur swavlaSi. saxelmZRvanelos kargi gamoxmaureba eqneba, Tu igi

gaiTvaliswinebs yvela institucionalur maxasiaTebels.

masalebis avtorebma naTeli warmodgena unda Seiqmnan im maswavlebelTa

Taviseburebebzec, romlebic mocemul kurss gauZRvebian. ramdenad kargad

193

floben isini enas, romelsac aswavlian? ramdenad didia maTi gamocdileba? is-

ini varaudoben, rom etapobrivad miiReben konsultaciebs masalebze samuSaod

Tu miiCneven, rom saxelmZRvaneloebi uzrunvelyofs fleqsiur resursebs?

gWirdebaT maswavlebelTa ganviTarebisaTvis aqtivobebis Setana damxmare ma-

salebSi, rom miawodoT maT orientiri kursis ufro novaciur aspeqtebTan mi-

marTebaSi? qvemoT mocemulia diagrama 1. romelSic CamoTvlilia calkeuli

cvladebi da mowodebulia aspeqtebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes

saxelmZRvanelos Sedgenisas.

kompetenciebi Riarebs yvela CamoTvlil sferoSi cvalebadobas da gvTa-

vazobs fleqsiur, mkafiod formulirebul da Tanamimdevrul resurss, romelic

adaptirebadia nebismier konkretul saswavlo konteqstTan. fleqsiurobis Sen-

arCunebis survili yvelaze ufro TvalsaCinoa SveicariaSi, ruSlikonSi Catare-

buli samTavrobaTSoriso simpoziumis angariss daskvnebSi (gamWvirvaleoba da

Tanamimdevruloba enis SeswavlaSi, evropaSi, evropis sabWo 1992, 3.2)

a

ènis Seswavlisa da swavlebisaTvis mravlismomcveli, gamWvirvale da

Tanamimdevruli standartebis SemuSaveba, ar gulisxmobs calkeuli erTgvaro-

vani sistemis Seqmnas. piriqiT, standartebi Ria da fleqsiuri unda iyos, rom

SesaZlebeli gaxdes maTi misadageba konkretul situaciebTan~

diagrama 1. zogierTi cvladebi saswavlo konteqstebSi da maTze miniSne-

bebi saxelmZRvaneloebisaTvis

Semswavlelebi cvladi asaki

erTenovani / mravalenovani jgufebi

kulturuli foni miswrafebebi

sqesi

zogadi ganaTleba

saganmanaTleblo da profesiuli miswrafebebi

swavlis tipebis codna

mediasaSualebebi

mocemuli enis codnis done am momentisaTvis

institucionaluri sistemebi cvladi kurikulumi, silabusi da sagamocdo

standartebi, swavlebis da swavlis kultura,

kursis xangrZlivoba da intensiuroba,

klasebSi studentebis raodenoba,

personaliT dakompleqteba, saSualebebisa da

resursebis xelmisawvdomoba, kvalifikaciis

amaRlebis SesaZleblobebi...

maswavleblebi cvladi enis codnis done, romlis

swavlac unda Semswavlels,

pedagogiuri momzadebis done, saswavlo

saSualebebSi gaTviTcnobierebulobis xarisxi,

swavlebis kultura da fleqsiurobis

xarisxi, masalebTan mimarTebaSi molodinebi,

novaciasTan damokidebuleba...

swavlis saxeoba cvladi saklaso oTaxis farglebSi; distanciuri

(tradiciuli / interneti), Ria swavla

maswavleblis konsultaciebiT; Sereuli

saxeobebi, TviTswavla; modulebis mixedviT /

sworxazovani kursebi

SesaZlo miniSnebebi (magaliTebi)

Tema, maxasiaTeblebi, codna mSobliuri

enis gamoyeneba Tema, garemo, rolebi, da-

valebebi calkeuli saxelmZRvaneloebi

codna samyaros Sesaxeb kursis miznebi,

Temebi, garemo, davalebebi Semswavlelis

ganviTareba / treningi,

kursis miznebi, davalebebi, done


kursis miznebi, xangrZlivoba, struqtura,

saswavlo saSualebebi.


maswavleblis wignSi uzrunvelyofili

mxardaWerisa da megzurobis xarisxi,

saklaso oTaxSi masalebis gamoyenebis

gaadvileba; balansi novaciasa da

maswavleblebis molodinebis

dakmayofilebas Soris


kursis xangrZlivoba, davalebis tipebi,

saSualebebi, werilobiTi mxardaWeris

xarisxi, Semswavlelis treningi,

maswavleblis ganviTareba

194

SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis

1. savaraudod, vin iqnebian Semswavlelebi? ramdenad SesaZlebelia maTi

daxasiaTeba: asaki, sqesi, mSobliuri enis, kulturuli fonis, saganmanaTleblo

da profesiuli miswrafebebis, moTxovnebisa da survilebis, swavlis

saSualebebsa da saxeobebSi savaraudo gaTviTcnobierebulobis da Semswavlel

enaze maTi amJamindeli codnis donis mixedviT?

2. ra mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblebi gaaCnia institucionalur sitemas /

sistemebs, romelTa farglebSic, savaraudod gamoyenebul unda iqnes masalebi?

rogor moxdeba masalebis misadageba arsebul / savaraudo kurikulumebTan,

Sefasebis procedurebsa da midgomebTan? ramdenad iqneba masalebSi

gacnobierebuli praqtikuli realoba saSualebebTan, adgilTan, drosTan,

personaliT dakompleqtebasTan, klasSi studentebis raodenobasTan, a.S .

mimarTebaSi? kursi sworxazovani / modulebis mimdevari iqneba, warimarTeba

maswavleblis mier Tu mis gareSe, jgufur / individualur garemoSi?

3. SesaZlebelia Tu ara raime saxis ganzogadeba im maswavleblebTan

mimarTebaSi, romlebic waiyvanen kurss? ramdenad unda elodnen / iTxovdnen

isini mxardaWeras da miTiTebebis uzrunvelyofas masalebSi?

2. ra saxiT iqneba aRwerili masalebis miznebi

erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba ucnauric ki iyos aseTi SekiTxviT dawyeba:

upirveles yovlisa, imaze ar unda davfiqrdeT, ris swavla esaWiroebaT an surT

Cvens Semswavlelebs? ra Tqma unda, problema is aris, saTaurSi mocemul

SekiTxvas ver ganvixilavT, Tu ar gveqneba kategoriebi, romelTa mixedviTac

unda gavceT mas pasuxi. swored am kategoriebis mxriv gTavazobs kompetenciebi

daxmarebas.

erT-erTi pirveli aspeqti, romelic unda gaiTvaliswinos

saxelmZRvanelos avtorma, exeba maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic axdens kursis

organizebas. Ur_i (1996) gansazRvravs silabusis aT tips maxasiaTeblis mixedviT.

es maxasiaTeblebia: gramatikuli, leqsikuri, gramatikul-leqsikuri, situaciuri,

Temaze dafuZnebuli, azrobrivi, funqcionalur-azrobrivi, Sereuli an

mravalmxrivi, proceduruli (davalebebis saxiT gansazRvruli) da

procesualuri (SeTanxmebiT). SesaZlebelia damatebac, metyvelebis, Janris,

teqstis tipebis, enobrivi unarebis, profesiuli / akademiuri unarebis,

sociokulturuli codnisa da unarebis, Semswavlelis strategiebis, a. S.

gaTvaliswinebiT.

ra saorganizacio principebi SeiZleba edos Tqvens silabuss safuZvlad?

moxdeba misi organizeba gramatikuli TanamimdevrobiT? moxdeba misi dafuZneba

SemswavlelebisaTvis Rirebulad miCneul Temebze? iqneba igi leqsikasa da

gamoyenebis sixSireze damokidebuli? moxdeba misi organizeba sakomunikacio

davalebebis mixedviT? moxdeba misi ageba sasargeblo Janrebisa da teqstis

tipebis mixedviT? Tqven, albaT moisurvebT yvela am elementis gaTvaliswinebas.

arsebobs mosazreba, rom enis saswavlo saxelmZRvaneloebi ufro da ufro

metad efuZneba mravalmxriv silabusebs, magram SeiZleba iTqvas, rom masalebis

Sedgenis procesi, saWiroebidan gamomdinare, imarTeba silabusis erTi an ori

ZiriTadi elementiT, romlebic gamoiyeneba kursis organizebisaTvis. am

ZiriTadi saorganizacio elementebis SerCevas didi mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan

SeiZleba seriozuli zegavlena moaxdinos sxva elementebze. SesaZlebelia

gadavwyvitoT (kursebis mravali sxva avtoris msgavsad) kursis Tanamimdevrobis

gansazRvra teqstis gramatikisa da winadadebebis gamoyenebisa da formebis

mzardad rTuli aspeqtebis mixedviT. aseTi Tanamimdevrobis arCevanisaTvis

195

logikur dasabuTebad SegviZlia gamoviyenoT is, rom gramatikis zogierTi

elementi ufro advilia gasagebad, Sesaswavlad da gamosayeneblad da amitomac

unda iyos pirvel poziciaze. Tu aqcents vakeTebT gramatikaze da vmuSaobT

sakuTari teqstebisa da enobrivi magaliTebis farglebSi, SevamCnevT, rom

sityvebi Semogvaqvs gramatikis Sesavsebad, rom movaxdinoT konkretuli

struqturis magaliTebiT ilustrireba. Tu, meore mxriv, sakuTar TavSi vipoviT

nebisyofasa da energias im teqstebis realuri magaliTebis mosaZieblad, sadac

gramatikis moculoba Cvens moTxovnebs akmayofilebs, (da es ukiduresad

rTulia) namdvilad ver SevZlebT aseTi teqstebis leqsikuri Sinaarsisa da

sakomunikacio maxasiaTeblebis kontrolirebas. igive problemas wavawydebiT, Tu

moqmedebas daviwyebT realuri komunikaciiT. enis realuri erTeulebis SerCeva

maTi sakomunikacio maxasiaTeblis mixedviT, gaarTulebs gramatikuli da

leqsikuri Sinaarsis kontrolirebas.

amiT imis Tqma gvinda, rom ganyenebuli gagebiT, Zalze advilia

mravalmxrivi silabusis Sedgena, magram ukiduresad rTulia mravalmxrivi

masalebis Seqmna. realurad, Cven unda gadavwyvitoT, romeli mimarTuleba iqneba

Cveni kursis warmmarTveli. arc am gzamkvlevis da arc kompetenciebis funqcia

ar aris upiratesobis miniWeba romelime mimarTulebisaTvis. aseTi arCevani

damokidebulia Tqvens mosazrebebze da imaze, Tu ras amjobinebT enasa da enis

swavlasTan mimarTebaSi. Tumca, kompetenciebi gvTavazobs SemswavlelTa

moTxovnebisa da survilebis aRweris ramdenime gzas.

masalebis bevri avtorisa da maswavleblisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba

zRvruli donisa da @enis safuZvlis donis dokumentaciis gamoyeneba, romelic

SeimuSa evropis sabWom. dokumentaciis pirveli versiebi 1975 wels gamovida.

maTi ganaxleba da ganvrcoba 1990 wels moxda.

zRvrul done 1990-Si CamoTvlilia yvela is kategoria, romelic SeiZleba

silabusebSi firgurirebdes. nebismieri an yvela maTgani SesaZlebelia

gamoyenebul iqnes saxelmZRvanelos saorganizacio elementebad. maT Sorisaa :

• enis funqciebi

• zogadi cnebebi (semantikur-gramatikuli kategoriebi)

• specifikuri cnebebi (romlebsac xSirad Temebadac moixsenieben)

• azrTa verbaluri urTierTgacvlis nimuSebi (gavrcelebuli

funqcionaluri Tanamimdevroba)

• teqstebTan urTierToba: kiTxva da mosmena

• wera

• sociokulturuli kompetencia

• sakompensacio strategiebi

• swavlis swavla

• gramatika

• leqsikoni

• gamoTqma da intonacia

unda aRiniSnos, rom silabuss ar qmnis es CamonaTvali. Tumca, igi uzrun-

velyofs kategoriebs, romelTa mixedviTac SesaZlebelia SeirCes silabusis mi-

marTulebebi da Setanil iqnes informacia am mimarTulebebis SesaZlo max-

asiaTeblebis Sesaxeb.

magram, sakiTxavia, rogori kavSiria iseT detalur dokuments, rogoricaa

zRvruli done 1990 da kompetenciebs Soris? es ukanaskneli stimuls aZlevs ma-

salebis avtorebs, rom maT moifiqron da Tavi mouyaron informacias im sa-

kiTxebze, romlebic ukavSirdeba maTi Semswavlelebis moTxovnebsa da sur-

vilebs enasTan mimarTebaSi. zRvruli done 1990-is specifikacia kompetenciebis

mier dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemis erT-erTi gzaa. igi gvawvdis konkretul

interpretacias da uzrunvelyofs sasargeblo models kompetenciebiT muSao-

bisaTvis.

196

am Tavis darCenili nawili eZRvneba kompetenciebis mier mowodebul Se-

kiTxvebs da kategoriebs, rac gvexmareba imis mofiqrebaSi, Tu ra gvsurs

vixiloT saswavlo miznebis saxiT Cvens enis kursebsa da saxelmZRvaneloebSi. am

SekiTxvebs kompetenciebi detalurad ganixilavs, magram, urigo ar iqneba,

SeviswavloT aq SemoTavazebuli kategoriebic, rom xeli SevuwyoT masalebis

avtorebis fiqrs igive mimarTulebiT.

2. 1. enis gamoyenebis konteqsti

erT-erTi pirveli kiTxva, romelic saxelmZRvanelos avtorma unda dasvas,

ase JRers: savaraudod, ra konteqstSi gamoiyeneben Semswavlelebi ìm enas, rom-

lis Seswavlac aqvT gamiznuli?

2. 2. sferoebi (kompetenciebi 4.11..)

es SekiTxva SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes im kuTxiT, rasac kompetenciebi

sferoebs uwodebs. aris es sferoebi: pirovnuli _ romelic cxovrebas ganixi-

lavs ojaxur cxovrebasa da megobrebze koncentrirebuli individis mixedviT;

sazogadoebrivi _ romelic Semswavlelebs ganixilavs, farTo sazogadoebis

wevrebad, romlebic monawileoben sxvadasxva saxis tranzaqciebSi; profesiuli

_ exeba sakuTari saqmianobiTa da profesiiT dakavebul Semswavlelebs; saganma-

naTleblo _ exeba organizebul swavlaSi CarTul Semswavlelebs?

zogadi Semswavlelebis SemTxvevaSi, Znelia im sferoebis prognozireba,

sadac SeiZleba adgili hqondes enis gamoyenebas, maSin, roca konkretuli

Semswavlelebi (magaliTad, LSP kursebi) SemTxvevaSi, sferoebic Zalze konkre-

tulia. kompetenciebi miiCnevs, rom masalebis avtorebma unda ganixilon, Tu

rogor SeiZleba enis gamoyenebis konteqstis aRwera zemoxsenebuli oTxi funda-

menturi sferos mixedviT. aseve, urigo ar iqneba, maT mier imis ganxilva, Tu ra

zegavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos am oTxma sferom masalebis miznebze.

magaliTebi

SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom umcrosi asakis skolis moswavleebi aqcents

gaakeTeben pirovnul da sazogadoebriv sferoebze, maSin, roca strudentebisaT-

vis, romlebic emzadebian sxva enaze swavlisaTvis, albaT sxva kulturul gare-

moSi, gansakuTrebiT Sesaferis iqneba saganmanaTleblo sfero. profesiuli

sfero SeiZleba iyos Zalze specifikuri da koncentrirebuli arsebul samuSao

situaciebze, an nakleb specifikuri (rogoricaa komercia) da aqcents akeTebdes

zogad, prognozirebad samomavlo moTxovnebze (magaliTad, sxva evropul qvey-

nebSi komerciul sferoSi moRvaweoba)

2. 1. 2. situaciebi (kompetenciebi 4.1.2)

SevarCieT ra saTanado sfero, SegviZlia ufro detalurad CaRrmaveba da

im mravalferovani situaciebis ganxilva, romlebsac SeiZleba hqondes adgili

aRniSnuli sferoebis farglebSi. maTi aRwera SeiZleba: adgilebis, intitute-

bisa da organizaciebis, monawile adamianebis socialuri rolebis, mocemuli

garemos, Sesaferis sagnebis, savaraudo movlenebis, qmedebebisa da teqstebis

mixedviT.

magaliTebi

diagrama 2 gvaZlevs tipiuri situaciebisa da maTi SesaZlo komponentebis

magaliTebs (kompetenciebi 4.1.2. cxrili 5) mocemuli CamonaTvali mxolod ilus-

traciuli xasiaTisaa.

197

pirovnuli sazogadoebrivi profesiuli saganmanaTleblo

adgilebi saxli: sakuTari,

saxli ojaxis

oTaxebi megobrebis

baRi ucnobebis

sakuTari adgili

saerTo

belSi, sastumro

sofeli, zRvi

a.S

sacxovre-

Si

spiri,

maRa-

aavadmyo-

mis-

ndvrebi,

Teatri

maRa-

saxurebis

bufeti

sazogadoebrivi

adgilebi: quCa,

moedani, parki, da a.

S. sazogadoebrivi

transporti,

ziebi, (super) mar-

ketebi, s

foebi, eqimis

aRebi klinika,

sportuli sta-

dionebi, mi

darbazebi,

kino, garToba re-

storani, ludxana

sastumro, salocavi

adgilebi

ofisebi qarxnebi

saamqroebi portebi,

rkinigza fermebi

aeroportebi

ziebi mom

sfero sastumroebi

skolebi: darbazi sak-

laso oTaxebi, saTamaSo

moednebi, sportis

saxeobebi mindvrebi,

koridorebi kolejebi

universitetebi leqcia

Teatrebi saseminaro

oTaxebi studenturi

kavSiri studqalaqi la-

boratoriebi

insti-

tutebi or-

an-

par-

multina-

cion-

rebi

ebuli sa-

profesion-

ebi moz-

naTleblo

ojaxis socialuri

qselebi

sajaro moxeleebi,

politikuri

ganoebi, kanoni, sa-

zogadoebrivi j

dacva, klubebi, sa-

zogadoebebi,

politikuri

tiebi, sarwmuneoba

firmebi sajaro

samsaxuri

cionaluri korpo-

raciebi na

aluri sawarmoebi

profkavSi

skola koleji univer-

siteti ganaTl

zogadoebebi

ali institut

rdilTa saganma

struqturebi

adamianebi bebia-babua,

mSoblebi,

mavali da-Zmebi,

deidebi, biZebi,

biZaSvilebi,

SeZenili

savebi, meuRleebi,

axlo megobrebi,

megobrebi, nacno-

bebi.

STamo-

naTe-

Tanamdebo-

vrebi

, gulSe-

may-

x-

toria

, barme-

egistra-

dlebi,

mene-

klien-

areblebi

,

ge-

sazogadoebis

wevrebi

bis pirebi maRaziis

personali policia,

jari, dacva

mZRolebi, kondu-

qtorebi, mgza

moTamaSeebi

matkivrebi,

ureblebi, msa

iobebi, audi

oficiantebi

nebi, r

torebi, mRv

mrevli

damsaqmeblebi

jerebi kolegebi

xelqveiTebi

kolegebi

samsaxurSi

tebi momxm

registratorebi

mdivnebi damla

blebi, a.S

klasis maswavleblebi

saswavlo personali

meurveebi damxmare per-

sonali mSoblebi klase-

lebi profesorebi,

leqtorebi studentebi,

jgufelebi biblioTeka

da laboratoriis person-

ali sasadilos person-

ali, damlageblebi Svei-

carebi, mdivnebi, a.S

sagnebi avejis gawyoba da

aveji tansacmeli

sayofacxovrebo

teqnika sa-

TamaSoebi, instru-

mentebi, piradi

higiena, xelovne-

basTan dakavSire-

buli sagnebi,

wignebi, veluri /

Sinauri

cxovelebi, xeebi,

mcenareebi, gazoni,

guburebi, sayo-

facxovrebo niv-

Tebi, xelCanTebi

sportuli aRWur-

fuli, qisa, safule,

formebi, saqoneli,

iaraRi, zurgCanTebi,

yuTebi, saxelurebi

burTebi programebi

kerZebi, sasmelebi,

msubuqi sauzme,

pasportebi,

ziebi

licen-

indus-

bi

TanamSrom-

au-

biznes meqanizmi

industriuli

meqanizmi,

triuli da saamqros

xelsawyoe

saweri masala saskolo

formebi aRWurviloba da

tansacmeli

lebisaTvis saWmeli

dio-vizualuri aRWur-

viloba dafa da carci

kompiuterebi brifkeisebi

da saskolo CanTebi

198

viloba

movlenebi ojaxuri movlenebi

Sexvedrebi

dentebi, avar

bunebrivi fenome-

nebi wveulebebi,

vizitebi seirnoba,

velosipedi

noba, manqaniT

gadaadgileba ar-

dadegebi eqs

siebi spo

RonisZiebebi

incin-

iebi

TYseir-

kur-

rtuli

ex-

marTlo

dResas-

dReebi,

mre-

war-

debi

inter-

iRebebi

iebi baz-

lta-

sezonuri

in-

avariebi

proble-

incidentebi

avariebi, sneulebebi

sazogadoebrivi S

vedrebi sasa

devna, sasamarTlo

procesebi sa

waulo

jarimebi, dapati

bebi matCebi, Seji-

brebebi

modgenebi qor-

wilebi, panaSvi

Sexvedrebi

viuebi, m

konferenc

robebi konsu

ciebi

fasdaklebebi

dustriuli

sawarmo davebi

skolaSi dabruneba / Ses-

vla skolis daxurva ar-

dadegebze vizitebi da

gacvlebi mSoblebis

dReebi saRamoebi spor-

tuli dReebi, matCebi

disciplinaruli

mebi

qmedebebi cxovrebis rutina

(Cacma, gaxda,

saWmlis momzadeba,

kveba recxva, a.S)

mebaReoba, DIY,

kiTxva, radio da

televizia

TamaSebi da

sporti, gatacebebi

yidva da sa-

zogadoebrivi

momsaxurebis miReba,

samedicino

momsaxurebiT

bloba, mogz

manqaniT /

matarebliT / gemiT

/ TviTmfrinaviT

sazogadoebrivi

garToba da

caleoba

RvTismsaxur

sarge-

auroba

mo-

eba

kompi-

ciebi

biznes-administri-

reba, sawarmos

marTva sawarmos

operaciebi ofisis

procedurebi

gacvla gasaRebis

operaciebi, gayidva,

marketingi

uteruli opera

Sekreba gakveTilebi

TamaSebi TamaSis dro

klubebi da sazogadoe-

bebi leqsiebi, Txzulebe-

bis wera laboratoriuli

samuSao biblioTekaSi

muSaoba seminarebi da

kerZo gakveTilebi saSi-

nao davaleba debatebi da

diskusiebi

teqstebi teqstebi garan-

tiebi recefciebi

instruqcia ro-

manebi, Jurnalebi,

gazeTebi fosta

broSurebi piradi

werilebi mauwye-

bloba da Cawer-

ili sasaubro

teqstebi

sazogadoebrivi

gancxadebebi da

Setyobinebebi iar-

liyebi da Sefaseba

proklamaciebi,

amotvifruli war-

werebi bileTebi,

ganrigebi Setyo-

binebebi, wesdebebi

programebi kon-

traqtebi meniuebi

wminda teqstebi

qadagebebi, himnebi

saqmiani werili

raporti memoran-

dumi sicocxle da

usafrTxoeba in-

struqciebi wesde-

bebi sareklamo ma-

sala iarliyis dak-

vra da SefuTva

samuSao aRwera

savizito baraTebi ,

a. S.

avTenturi teqstebi

(rogorc zemoT) sax-

elmZRvaneloebi, mkiTx-

velebi, cnobarebi, teqsti

dafaze, op. teqsti, teqsti kompiuteris ekranze,

videoteqsti, savarjiSo

masala, Jurnalis sta-

tiebi, reziume leqsikon-

ebze

2. 1. 3. pirobebi da SezRudvebi (kompetenciebi 4.1.3)

CavuRrmavdebiT ra gamoyenebis konteqstebis specifikacias, SegviZlia gan-

vixiloT yoveli situacis pirobebi da SezRudvebi. masalebis SemmuSavebelTaT-

vis es miniSneba iqneba teqstisa da davalebis tipebze. gare pirobebidan

mniSvnelovnadaa miCneuli: fizikuri pirobebi (rogoricaa xmauri ukana fonze),

socialuri pirobebi (rogoricaa mosaubreTa raodenoba da statusi). drois

wnexi (SezRudvebi drois TvalsazrisiT)

magaliTebi

ucxo qveyanaSi vizitiT myofi politikosis Tarjimans, romelic sinqro-

nul Targmans axorcielebs, moeTxoveba Zalze swrafad muSaoba, individebsa da

jgufebs Soris, sxvadasxva adgilebSi da xSirad ukiduresi wnexis pirobebSi.

aeroportis reisebis gamomcxadeblebs uwevT erTi da give rutinis midevna,

akeTeben ra monolog-gancxadebebs sakuTari tempiT da ar moelian aranair sa-

pasuxo informacias. SexvedrebSi monawile saqmian adamianebs, romelTa samsaxu-

ric swored am Sexvedrebzea damokidebuli, mravalnair pirobebSi uwevT mo-

qmedeba, dawyebuli sastumros baridan, sadac ucxoeli turistebi nacnobebTan

maslaaToben. maRali motivaciis mqone Semswavlelebi SeiZleba pozitiurad ga-

moexmauron im masalebs, romlebic dabali motivaciis mqone Semswavlelebs arc

ki daainteresebT.

realurad, Znelia enis gamoyenebis samomavlo konteqstebis gamocnoba, ara

mxolod bavSvebisa da saSualo skolis moswavleebis moTxovnebidan gamomdi-

199

nare, aramed studentebis SemTxvevaSic, romelTac, miCneulia, rom sakmaod

specifikuri moTxovnebi gaaCniaT. miuxedavad amisa, masalebis avtorma mainc

unda gadawyvitos, gamoyenebis romel konteqstebs Seitans sakuTar masalebSi.

amisaTvis man unda gamoiyenos informacia da intuicia, romelic efuZneba

ucxoeli enis Semswavlelis / momxmareblis an ganmanaTleblis gamocdilebas.

2. 1. 4. momxmareblis / Semswavlelis mentaluri konteqsti (kompetenciebi 4.1.4)

gare konteqsti ifiltreba da interpretirdeba momxmareblis aRqmis

aparatis mier. saubaria, adamianis mentalur konstruqciebze, romlebic zegav-

lenas axdens mexsierebaze, asociaciebsa da meorad mniSvnelobebze da momx-

mareblis mier sagnebisa da movlenebis klasificirebaze. sxva Sesabamisi

faqtorebi moicavs: gonebriv mdgomareobas, moTxovnebs, Sinagan muxts, intere-

sebs, ganzraxvas, fiqris mimarTulebebs.

2. 1. 5. Tanamosaubris / TanamosaubreTa mentaluri konteqsti (kompetenciebi 4.1.5)

Tanamosaubre SeiZleba iziarebdes igive gare konteqsts, magram mas sxvag-

varad akvirdebodes da ganixilavdes. ori adamiani, romelic erTmaneTs telefo-

niT esaubreba, SeiZleba eqvemdebarebodes ara mxolod gansxvavebul pirobebsa

da SezRudvebs (magaliTad, satelefono xazis erT mxares myofi SeiZleba

xarvezebs uCiodes, xolo meores SeiZleba eCqarebodes), aramed SesaZloa

sruliad gansxvavebuli sakomunikacio miznebiT moqmedebdes, motivirebuli iyos

sxvadasxva moTxovnebiT da imyofebodes gansazRvrul gonebriv mdgomareobaSi.

komunikaciis efeqturobisaTvis aucilebelia, Tanamosaubreebi moergon erT-

maneTis mentalur konteqsts.

2. 2. sakomunikacio Temebi (kompetenciebi 4.2)

aq moiazreba komunikaciis sagani, rasac maswavleblebi xSirad Temebad

ganixilaven. zogad enobriv konteqstSi, swored Tematur sferoSi vamaxvilebT

yuradRebas, SemswavlelTa survilebze. aucilebelia, rom Temebi miesadagebodes

Cvens Semswavlelebs _ Sesabamisobas ganapirobebs ara mxolod is, rom Temebi

gamosadegia (am mxriv, isini miesadageba gamoyenebis prognozirebul konteqstebs

da erTgvari instrumentia ZiriTadi enisaTvis), aramed isic, rom isini saintere-

soa. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom TviT Temebi, rogorc aseTi, xSirad ramdenadme

ùmariloa~. SegviZlia isini sainteresod vaqcioT, Tu maTze koncentrirebas

movaxdenT romelime konkretuli kuTxiT da yovel maTgans qveTemebad davyofT.

magaliTebi

modiT, Temad ganvixiloT muSaoba. qveTemis saxiT SegviZlia SevarCioT

studentebis muSaoba ardadegebze ucxo qveyanaSi. es saSualebas mogvcems, movi-

fiqroT damatebiTi qvekategoriebic, romelTac kompetenciebi specifikur cnebe-

bad ganixilavs da romlebic moiazrebs leqsikonis mTel rig sferoebs. Seg-

viZlia aqcenti gavakeToT romelime konkretuli saxis samuSaoze _ rogoricaa

evro disneilendSi muSaoba parizis farglebs gareT. es warmoSobs mTel rig

sityvaTa jgufs, romlebic azrobrivad ukavSirdeba adgilebs (kvebis punqtebi,

pirveladi daxmarebis punqtebi, misaRebi, avtosadgomebi da a. S.) adamianebs (ani-

maciuri filmebis personaJebi, stumrebi, momxmareblebi, gidebi da a.S) sagnebs

(bileTebi, sakvebi da sasmeli, suvenirebi da.a. S. da moqmedebebs (danaxva, stum-

roba, mosmena, yureba, Sesvla / gamosvla, dawyeba, damTavreba, mogeba, wageba,

monawileoba, tareba, a.S). Tematuri sferoebis zogadma identifikaciam SeiZleba

ganapirobos enis gamosadegi erTeulebis sakmaod detaluri specifikacia, rac

kursis Semadgeneli nawili gaxdeba.

2. 3. sakomunikacio davalebebi da miznebi (kompetenciebi 4.3)

200

gadawyvetilebebi gamoyenebis konteqstebsa da saTanado sakomunikacio

Temebis Sesaxeb, saSualebas gvaZlevs ufro detalurad ganvixiloT calkeuli

situaciebis enobrivi cenzebi. rogor gvgonia, ra sakomunikacio davalebebis

Sesruleba dasWirdebaT Cvens Semswavlelebs da ra mizniT? bolo 20 wlis

ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli LSP kvleva dagvexmareba ganvsazRvroT, Tu ra ena

gamoiyeneba konkretul garemoSi. ufro mcirea rCeva im enasTan mimarTebaSi,

romelic ukavSirdeba `zogadi~ davalebis Sesrulebas, naklebad prognozirebad

garemoSi. miuxedavad amisa, Cven rogorc masalebis avtorebma unda

ganvsazRvroT, yvelaze ufro metad romeli sakomunikacio davalebebi SexvdebaT,

an romelTa Sesruleba mouwevT Semswavlelebs. gTavazobT magaliTs zRvruli

done 1990-dan:

1. 12. samsaxurSi komunikacia

1. 12. 1. rogorc droebiT rezidentebs, Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT:

_ samuSao nebarTvis, a. S. miReba, moTxovnisamebr

_ cnobebis Sekreba (magaliTad, dasaqmebis saagentoebidan) dasaqmebis

tipze, xelmisawvdomobasa da pirobebze (rogoricaa samuSaos deskripcia,

anazRaureba, samuSao saaTebi, Tavisufali dro, ardadegebi)

_ dasaqmebaze sareklamo gancxadebebis wakiTxva

_ saaplikacio werilebis Sedgena, gasaubrebis gavla, werilobiTi an

zepiri informaciis miwodebiT dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema

_ momijnave procedurebis gageba da Sesruleba

_ muSaobis dawyebisas, Sesasrulebeli davalebebis gageba da maTTan da-

kavSirebiT kiTxvebis dasma.

_ usafrTxoebis wesebisa da miTiTebebis gageba

_ momxdari SemTxvevis Setyobineba da dazRvevis moTxovna

_ xelmZRvanelebTan, kolegebTan da xelqveiTebTan saTanadod komunikacia

_ sawarmos an institutis socialur cxovrebaSi monawileoba (magaliTad,

bufeti, sportuli da socialuri klubebi da a.S)

[SeniSvna: aq danomvra xdeba zRvruli done 1990-is mixedviT]

2. 4. sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebi da strategiebi (kompetenciebi 4.4)

sakomunikacio davalebis Sesasruleblad momxmareblebs mouwevT

sakomunikacio enis aqtivobebSi monawileoba da sakomunikacio strategiebis

gamoyeneba. am aqtivobebisa da stratebiegis jgufebs maswavleblebi da

masalebis avtorebi xSirad aerTianeben iseTi zogadi saTauris qveS, rogoricaa

ùnarebi~. kompetenciebi gansazRvravs enobrivi aqtivobis oTx ZiriTad tips:

produqtiuli (sasaubro da werilobiTi), recefciuli (sasaubro, werilobiTi

da audio-vizualuri), interaqciuli (sasaubro da werilobiTi) da mediacia

(magaliTad, Tarjimnoba). yvela CamoTvlili sakomunikacio aqtivoba moicavs

mTel speqtrs sakomunikacio davalebebisa, romelic Setanil unda iqnes

masalebSi. ra Tqma unda, situaciebis umravlesoba moiTxovs aqtivobaTa

Sereuli tipebis Sesrulebas.

magaliTebi

zepiri producireba SeiZleba moicavdes saubars Canawerebis mixedviT;

sasaubro interaqcia SeiZleba moicavdes diskusiaSi monawileobas; mediacia

SeiZleba iyos Zalze formaluri da werilobiTi (iuridiuli dokumentaciis

zusti Targmanis uzrunvlyofa) an sakmaod araformaluri da sasaubro

(stumrisaTvis menius ganmarteba)

kompetenciebi strategiebs Semdegnairad ganmartavs:

`strategiebi is saSualebebia, romleTac mimarTavs enis momxmarebeli

sakuTari resursebis gamoyenebis an mobilizaciisaTvis, unarebisa da

procedurebis aqtivizirebisaTvis, konteqstis mixedviT, sakomunikacio

201

moTxovnebis da mocemuli davalebis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis, rac unda

moxdes gasagebad da ekonomiurad, konkretuli miznidan gamomdinare~.

sakomunikacio strategiebi moicavs recefciis, interaqciis,

producirebisa da midiaciis sakomunikacio aqtivobebis sxvadasxva tipebis

dagegmvas, Sesrulebas, monitoringsa da Sesworebas. Kkompetenciebis punqti 4.8

detalurad aRwers im sakomunikacio stretegiebs, romlebic efeqturobis

maqsimalurad gazrdas emsaxureba.

magaliTebi

Semswavlels moeTxoveba mokle sityviT gamosvla. es SegviZlia

producirebis magaliTad ganvixiloT. dagegmva SeiZleba moicavdes repetirebas,

prezentaciis sxvadasxva variantebis efeqturobaze dafiqrebas (auditoriis

gaTvaliswinebiT), axali sityvebis mniSvnelobis leqsikonSi moZiebas an

daxmarebis Txovnas (resursebis gansazRvra). resursebis mobilizebis Semdeg,

Semswavlels SeuZlia metnaklebi ambicia iqonios davalebis Sesrulebaze,

saubris xasiaTsa da moculobis da gansakuTrebiT, misi enobrivi Sinaarsis

gaTvaliswinebiT. Semswavleli sirTuleebs waawydeba, magram vimdovnebT,

SesZlebs maTTvis Tavis garTmevas xelmisawvdomi resursebis gamoyenebiT, rom

moaxerxos saTqmelis miwodeba kompensirebis, Zvel codnaze dayrdnobisa da

cdis saxiT. Auditoriis reaqcia Semswavlels warmatebis monitoringis

saSualebas miscems, ramac SeiZleba ganapirobos TviTSesworebac, rac

Sesworebis nairsaxeobaa.

am da sxva strategiebis ganviTareba, rac recefcias, producirebasa da

interaqcias exeba, enis saswavlo kursebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtia. isini

sasargebloa enis matareblis sakomunikacio unarebis ganviTarebisaTvisac

mraval profesiul sferoSi. aRniSnuli strategiebis ganviTarebaze gaTvlili

kursebi gavrcelebulia im sferoebSi, sadac komunikaciis xarisxi da

efeqturoba sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa, magaliTad konsultirebaSi, eqimisa da

pacientis urTierTobaSi da gayidvebis prezentaciebSi.

rogor unda gamovZebnoT dro da adgili strategiebis ganviTarebisTvis,

roca enaze saTanadod koncentrireba esoden mniSvnelovania? am kiTxvas

savsebiT samarTlianad (xSirad saCivris saxe aqvs) svamen maswavleblebi da

masalebis avtorebi. erTi pasuxi SeiZleba ase JRerdes, rom Cven SegviZlia

enobrivi procesebis, Semswavlelis kompetenciebisa da strategiebis

ganviTarebaze muSaoba da am yvelafrisaTvis saukeTeso gzaa davalebis Sedgena.

Cvens mier SerCeulma davalebaTa tipebma SesaZloa stimuli misces saswavlo da

sakomunikacio procedurebis ganviTarebas da gazardos gaTviTcnobierebuloba

komunikaciasTan midgomisa da misi monitoringis variantebTan mimarTebaSi. am

mxriv, msjeloba grZeldeba me-7 nawilSi.

kompetenciebi moicavs Zalze detalur da gamosadeg nakrebs eqvsi donis

deskriptorebisa, romlebic aRwers enis codnis xarisxs sakomunikacio enis

aqtivobebisa da strategiebis TvalsazrisiT.

SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis:

1. romeli strategiebi miesadageba Semswavlelebis sakomunikacio

moTxovnebs?

2. ramdenad SesaZlebelia am strategiebis ganviTareba masalebis

saSualebiT? moixovs isini calkeul specifikur aqtivobaze aqcentis gakeTebas,

Tu maTi ganviTarebis saukeTeso gzaa procedurebi, stimulirebuli davalebis

SedgeniT?

2. 5. sakomunikacio enis procesebi (kompetenciebi 4.5)

sakmarisi ar aris mxolod imis gansazRvra, Tu ra unda akeTon

Semswavlelebma mocemul enaze. maswavleblebma da masalebis avtorebmac unda

202

ganixilon, Tu rogor SeiZleba Semswavlelebis momzadeba sakomunikacio

davalebis efeqturad SesrulebisaTvis. Tanamedrove saxelmZRvaneloebis

umetesoba Semswavlelebs aZlevs saTanado sakomunikacio davalebebisaTvis

Tavis garTmevis saSualebas. Tumca, am saxelmZRvaneloebSi, ZiriTadad,

gamotovebulia is aqtivobebi, romlebic gvexmareba ucxo enaze moqmedebisaTvis

aucilebeli sakomunikacio procesebis ganviTarebaSi. masalebis avtorebma unda

SemogvTavazon ara mxolod TviT davalebaze varjiSi, aramed daxmareba misi

warmatebiT SesrulebisTvisac.

Kkompetenciebi gansazRvravs sakomunikacio enis procesebis cxra ZiriTad

maxasiaTebels. saWiroa ganvixiloT unarebi, romlebic exeba: dagegmvas,

Sesrulebas, producirebas, recefcias, interaqcias, monitorings, praqtikul

qmedebebs, pralingvistul yofaqcevas da parateqstualur maxasiaTeblebs.

sakomunikacio enis procesebSi monawile yvela unaris codnas gadamwyveti

mniSvenloba aqvs masalebis SemuSavebaSi. kompetenciebis punqti 4.5 gvTavazobs

megzurobas am procesebis TaviseburebebTan mimarTebaSi. aRniSnuli procesebis

ganviTarebis Setana masalebSi, maTi avtorebisaTvis erTgvari gamowvevaa.

magaliTi

rkinigzis sadgurze myof qals sWirdeba konkretuli matareblis gasvlis

drois gageba, bileTis SeZena da matarebelSi droulad Cajdoma. sakmarisa

aqcenti gavakeToT am davalebis erT aspeqtze mainc, rom davinaxoT

sakomunikacio enis procesebis mniSvneloba. am qals, albaT, mouwevs ganrigis

gacnoba. mis mier sasurveli informaciis misaRebad saWiroa: saTanado teqstis

gansazRvra da cnoba (parateqstualuri informaciis gamoyenebiT an vimesTan

gagebiT); misi gageba; da saWiro informaciis swrafad povna. am yvelafers

sWirdeba povnis, gaSifvris, daskvnis gakeTebis, prognozirebis, swrafad

gadaTvalierebis da a. S. unarebi. msgavs teqstebTan mimarTebaSi SevZlebT

Semswavlelebis daxmarebas im pirobiT, Tu Cven masalebSi SevitanT davalebebs,

romlebic iTvaliswineben enobriv procesebs.


1. sakomunikacio enis romel procesebs moicavs davalebebi, romlebic

Tqvenma Semswavlelebma unda Seasrulon?

2. ramdenad SesaZlebelia am procesebis ganviTarebis Setana masalebSi? am

procesebze aqcentis gakeTeba uSualod swavlis TvalsazrisiT moxdeba Tu

arapirdapiri saxiT, magaliTad, davalebaTa kombinaciis SeqmniT an teqstebis

SerCeviT?

2. 6. teqstebi (kompetenciebi 4.6)

aq termini `teqsti~ sasaubro an werilobiTi enis nebismier erTeuls

moiazrebs, rogorc komunikacias. masalebis avtorebma naTeli warmodgena unda

Seiqmnan teqstebis yvela im tipze, romlebTan urTierTobac SeiZleba dasWirdeT

Semswavlelebs Semdegi TvalsazrisiT:

saSualebebi (magaliTad, nabeWdi, filmi, radio, telefoni, videofoni)

teqstis tipi (magaliTad, sasaubro _ sajaro gancxadebebi,

sazogadoebrivi debatebi, garToba)

(magaliTad, werilobiTi _ wignebi, Jurnalebi, broSurebi, paketebi,

niSnebi)

bunebrivia, masalebi unda moicavdes iseT teqstebs, romelTa msgavssac

Semswavlelebi realurad waawydebian da amitom, saWiroa maTi momzadeba am

realuri teqstebisaTvis, saSualebebis, Janris tipebis, TanamosaubreTa rolebis

miznebis da a. S. mixedviT.

203

SekiTxva masalebis avtorebisaTvis

romel teqstebs Sexvdebian Tqveni ASemswavlelebi saSualebebisa da

teqstis tipebis TvalsazrisiT?

2. 7. momxmareblis / Semswavlelis kompetenciebi (kompetenciebi 5)

pirvel nawilSi ukve ganvixileT, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania im

Semswavlelebis TaviseburebaTa codna, romlebmac SeiZleba isargeblon Tqvens

mier Sedgenili masalebiT. kompetenciebi ufro detalurad uRrmavdeba

kompetenciebs, romelTac sxvadasxva Semswavlelebi iyeneben enis kursebze. igi

kompetenciebs orad hyofs. zogadi kompetenciebi exeba: cxovrebiseul

gamocdilebas, sociokulturul codnas, Sesaswavli kulturis farglebSi

adamianebTan da institutebTan praqtikulad da warmatebiT dakavSirebis unars,

pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic zegavlenas axdens SemswavlelTa rolebze

sakomunikacio aqtebSi da swavlis unar-Cvevebs. sakomunikacio enis kompetenciebi

exeba enobrivi, siciolingvisturi da pragmatuli codnisa da unarebis

konkretuli sakomunikacio davalebebis Sesasruleblad gamoyenebis unars. isini

dakavSirebulia gramatikasTan, leqsikonTan, fonologiasTan, socialuri

mniSvnelobis markerebis gagebasa da gamoyenebasTan (rogoricaa Tavazianoba,

aqcenti), metyvelebasTan, funqcionalur da sqematur SesaZleblobebTan.

kompetenciebis es nawili metad mniSvnelovania gamomdinare iqidan, rom

gvawvdis im kategoriaTa dawvrilebiT CamonaTvals, romelTa sakuTar masalebSi

Setanac unda gaiTvaliswinon avtorebma. igi mimoixilavs enobrivi kompetenciis

ara mxolod SedarebiT ufro nacnob sferoebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia

gramatikasTan, leqsikasa da fonologiasTan, aramed miTiTebebs im sferoebzec,

romlebic enis Tanamedrove saswavlo masalebis mniSvnelovan maxasiaTeblad

iqca. maT ricxvs ganekuTvneba: sociokulturuli codna, egzistencialuri

kompetencia (dakavSirebuli individualur pirovnul faqtorebTan) da sqematuri

agebis unar-SesaZleblobebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom es kategoriebi mzardad

figurirebs enis saswavlo masalebSi, maTi mimoxilva da prezentacia xSirad

sakmaod SemTxveviTia. kompetenciebi cdilobs mogvawodos maTi ufro detaluri

aRwera.


1. rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad SesZleben masalebis avtorebi zemoxsenebuli

zogadi kompetenciebis gaTvaliswinebas?

2. ramdenad samarTliania enis kursis mizani, modificireba gaukeTos

im pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic zegavlenas axdens enis swavlasa da ko-

munikaciaze?

3. rogor vRebulobT gadawyvetilebebs yovel doneze enobrivi kompe-

tenciis ganviTarebis (leqsikoni, gramatika) miznebis Sesaxeb?

4. rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad unda iswavlebodes metyveleba da sqema-

turi organizacia ucxo enis kursze?

Sejameba

es nawili Seexo mTel rig iseT sferoebs, sadac marTebulia pasuxi gae-

ces SekiTxvebs im SemswavlelbTan dakavSirebiT, romlebisTvisac werT masalebs.

maTi ganxilva, aseve SesaZlebelia enis kursis an masalebis nakrebis miznebis

SesaZlo kategoriebad. masalebis avtoris amocanas warmoadgens informaciis

204

Sekreba da gadawyvetilebaTa miReba yvela CamoTvlil sferoSi. mxolod Tqven-

zea damokidebuli imis gansazRvra, Tu miznebis romeli erTobliobiT moxdeba

Tqveni silabusis organizeba da sxva ra miznebi iqceva ZiriTad mimarTulebebad,

romlebzec uSualod gakeTdeba aqcenti. momdevno etapze unda ganvixiloT is

miznebi, romelTa pirdapir dasaxvac ar xdeba (albaT, ufro teqstis SerCevis an

davalebis Sedgenis gziT), magram romlebic Tanamimdevrulad unda aisaxos ma-

salebSi.

3. Semswavlelebis moTxovnebsa da survilebTan mimarTebaSi, ra saxis

informaciaa xelmisawvdomi?

zemoxsenebuli kategoriebi uzrunvelgvyofs Semswavlelebis moTxovnebisa

da survilebis da Sesabamisad, Cveni kursis miznebis aRweris variantebiT. LSP

kursebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba gagviCndes moTxovnaTa detalurad gaanalizebis

survili, rac moicavs monacemebis Tavmoyrasa da analizs. aseve, SeiZleba visur-

voT specialuri leqsikoniT an enis analizis Sedegebze gamoqveynebuli

kvleviTi naSromiT sargebloba, interesis sferoSi. Zalze faseulia sxva kurse-

bis saxelmZRvaneloTa gadaxedvac, romlebic Seiqmna msgavsi moTxovnebis mqone

SemswavlelTaTvis.

ufro zogadi miznebis moqne Semswavlelebsac igivenairad midgomas vur-

CevT, Tumca, realurad Cven ufro vikvlevT sakuTar da sxvebis intuicias da

naklebad mivmarTavT monacemTa gaanalizebas. kompetenciebis me-3 TavSi moce-

muli Sekixvebi dafiqrebas ganapirobebs, Tumca masze gacemuli pasuxebi unda

Semowmdes informaciis sxva wyaroebis mixedviT _ rogoricaa kursis gacxade-

buli miznebi, gamocdebi, sxva saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, araSida sakon-

trolo furclebi da sxva Sesabamisi saxelmZRvaneloebi.

kompetenciebis daniSnuleba ar aris Sesabamisi sakomunikacio davalebebis

faqtobrivi verbalizaciis SeTavazeba (Sesabamis aqtivobebSi, TemebSi, situa-

ciebSi, sferoebSi). ase rom, me-3 TavSi mocemul kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemisas,

kompetenciebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gadavwyvitoT, rom magaliTad, Semswav-

lelebs sWirdebaT informaciis moZieba samuSao maxasiaTeblebze, xelmisawvdo-

mobasa da pirobebze (sakomunikacio davaleba) damsaqmeblebTan zepiri in-

teraqciis gziT (sakomunikacio enis aqtivoba) dasaqmebis centrSi; amasTan, unda

moxdes dasaqmebaze sareklamo gancxadebebis gadaxedva (situacia), sadac sfero

profesiulia (sfero) da Tema dasaqmebaa (sakomunikacio Tema) da moicavs sako-

munikacio enis calkeul procesebs, kompetenciebsa da strategiebs. miuxedavad

amisa, aucileblad unda gaarkvioT, mocemuli enis Semswavlelebi rogor

SesZleben verbalizacias, radgan swored yvela sakomunikacio davalebis ver-

balizacia uzrunvelyofs im enas, romelic Seswavlasac saWiroeben Semswav-

lelebi. swored misgan iRebs saTaves kursis gramatikuli da leqsikuri Si-

naarsi.


1. informaciis ra wyaroebs SeiZleba daeyrdnoT Semswavlelebis moTxov-

nebsa da survilebTan dakavSirebiT?

2. ra procedurebs mimarTavT am informaciisa da monacemebis TavmoyrisT-

vis?

3. Tavs uyriT ra informacias, SegiZliaT, aseve, SekriboT teqstebi, rom-

lebsac gamoiyenebT / moargebT Tqvens masalebs?

4. Tu Tqveni kursi zogadi xasiaTisaa, arsebobs rekomendaciebis iseTi

wyaroebi, romelTac SegiZliaT daeyrdnoT (magaliTad zRvruli done 1990)?

205

5. arsebobs direqtivebi publikaciis saxiT, kursis miznebTan mimarTebaSi?

iTvaliswinebs kursi gamocdebs, romlebic moiazrebs, rom saTanado saxiT,

gaweulia garkveuli samuSao enis mxriv?

4. ra saSualebebis gamoyeneba ar aris sasruveli da praqtikuli

masalebisaTvis?

albaT, yvelas gvsurs, rom Cveni Semswavlelebi sargeblobdnen saswavlo

saSualebebis sruli speqtriT: furcelze nabeWdi, audio, video, uaxlesi kompi-

uteruli aparatura da programuli uzrunvelyofa. magram masalebis avtorebi

yovelTvis moqmedeben konkretuli konteqstebis farglebSi, rac zRudavs saSu-

alebebis arCevans. saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs, mTeli msoflios masStabiT

gaaCnia SezRudvebi biujetis mxriv da amitom, roca vfiqrobT saSualebebsa da

kursis komponentebze, erT-erTi pirveli, rac unda gvaxsovdes aris is, Tu ra

wvlils Seitans konkretuli saSualeba kursis saswavlo miznebSi da daumatebs

Tu ara is raime unikalurs (rasac sxva saSualebebi ver uzrunvelyofs) kursis

mTlian pakets? amgvarad fiqri Zalze sasargebloa masalebis avtorisaTvis,

radgan bunebrivia, rom roca mimdinareobs masalebis Sedgena konkretuli saSu-

alebebisaTvis, es masalebi Tavad unda iyenebdes am saSualebebis mier SemoTa-

vazebul unikalur SesaZleblobebs. magaliTad, azri ar aqvs kompiuteris gamo-

yenebas teqstebis prezentaciisaTvis, Tu saWiro interaqcia Semswavlelsa da

aseTi saxiT mowodebul teqsts Soris, arafriT gansxvavdeba Semswavlelsa da

wignSi mocemul teqsts Soris interaqciisagan. azri ar aqvs (ZviradRirebuli)

videos gamoyenebas (iaffasiani) audios nacvlad, Tu ar xdeba videos vizualuri

elementiT sargebloba. Sesabamisad, azri ar aqvs kursis calkeuli

nawilebisaTvis ZviradRirebuli kompiuteruli teqnikis gamoyenebas, Tu momx-

marebeli, rogorc institucionaluri, ise individualuri, iSviaTad an saerTod

ar sargebloben am mowyobilobiT. warmatebuli kursebi maqsimalurad iyeneben

xelmisawvdom saSualebebs da xSirad ise, rom ZviradRirebuli da egzotikuri

komponentebi arCeviTi da damatebiTia da ara gadamwyveti mocemuli kursisaTvis,

maSin roca arsebiTi komponentebi rac SeiZleba iafi da xelmisawvdomia _

Cveulebriv, mocemulia furcelze an audio saxiT. qvemoT gTavazobT ganvrco-

bili saklaso paketis gavrcelebul konfiguracias. arCeviTi komponentebi aR-

niSnul ebiT.

r iul

xarvez

ia varskvlav

magaliTi * _ arCeviTi komponentebi _ saklaso wigni: moicavs masalas saklaso oTaxSi gamoyenebisaTvis

_ saklaso audio (kaseta / CD): moicavs saklaso wignTan dakavSirebul mTel audio masalas.

_ samuSao wigni: moicavs praqtikas da SemswavlelTa SeniSvnebs, romlebic marto muSaoben, albaT, saxlSi

_ samuSao wignis audio (kaseta CD): moicavs samuSao wignTan dakavSire-bul mTel masalas

_ maswavleblis wigni: uzrunvelyofs maswavlebels damxmare masalebiT, rogo icaa davalebebis furclebi, romlebSic SeiZleba qseroaslebis saxiTgamravldes, baraTebi rolebis gaTamaSebisaTvis, aqtivobebi informac

Tan dakavSirebiT. _ * video: moicavs damatebiT masalebs saklaso masalebis ganvrcobisaT-

vis _ * samuSao wignis video: moicavs videosTan dakavSirebul masalebs _ * maswavleblis gzamkvlevis video: uzrunvelyofs maswavlebels ma-

salebiT videosa da samuSao wignis videosaTvis

206

_ * CD-ROM -i moicavs damatebiT praqtikas, miTiTebebs, teqstebs, mona-cemTa bazebs proeqtebisaTvis, a. S.

udio kompon

bze dafuZnebuli programis SezRudvebi. saSual

liswinos, ra datvirTva eqneba maT Setanas rogorc Semswavlelis, ise mas ebaT maswavleblebsa da m

aTvis? ramdenad saWiro iqneba orientacia TviT kursze da misi swavl

nteqstidan gamomdinare, ra komponentebia sasurveli an

_ * interneti: ònlain-leqsikonebi, gramatika, damatebiTi masalebi praqtikisaTvis, a. S.

_ * internet interaqcia: diskusiis jgufebi (sasaubro / werilobiTi), daxmarebis xazebi da a. S.

Tu kursi aqcents akeTebs, metwilad, kiTxvisa da weris unarebze, aenti SeiZleba gamotovebuli iyos, maSin, roca mometebuli daintereseba

sametyvelo enis ganviTarebiTa da gagebis gaumjobeseba, audio komponents arsebiT mniSvnelobas aniWebs. es gansakuTrebiT Seesabameba simarTles im SemTxvevaSi, roca maswavlebeli mocemul enaze saubris eqsperti ar aris.

kursis paketisTvis komponentebis SerCeva, ra Tqma unda, garkveul zegavlenas axdens meTodologiur ofciebze, magram ar unda gavazviadoT ubralod furcelze an audio masale

ebebis damateba marTlac sTavazobs kurss swavlis saxeobaTa speqtris gazrdis potencials. eWvi aRaravis epareba, rom interaqtiuli CD-ROM-i internetze dafuZnebuli kursebi individualuri swavlisaTvis STambeWdavi SesaZleblobebis SeTavazebas iwyebs.

fiqrobs ra egzotikuri saSualebebis komponentebis damatebaze, masalebis avtorma unda gaiTva

wavleblisaTvis. ra unarebi dasWirdoswavleebs sxvadasxva saSualebebis komponentebiT maqsimalurad

sargeblobisis saxeobebze? SekiTxvebi masalebis avtorebisTvis

1. saswavlo kodasaSvebi?

2. ramdenad xelmisawvdomi iqneba maswavleblebisTvis / SemswavlelebisaTvis kompiuteruli teqnika, romelic saWiroa calkeuli saSualebebisaTvis?

3. yvela komponenti aucilebeli iqneba kursisaTvis, Tu zogierT maTgans arCeviTi saxe eqnebaT?

4. ramdenad efemerulad migvaCnia zogierTi maRalteqnologiuri saSualeba? (ramdenad unda visargebloT CD-ROM-iT)

5. ra saswavlo Rirebuleba gaaCnia TiToeul komponents? 6. ramdenad srulad iyenebs masalebi sxvadasxva tipis saSualebebis mier

miwodebul unikalur SesaZleblobebs?

7. ramdenad ganapirobebs maRalteqnologiuri saSualebebis komponentebi

maswavleblebsa da Semswavlelebis monawileobas im axali unarebis ganviTare-

baSi, romlebic saWiroa mocemuli kursisaTvis.

5. rogor moxdeba masalebis Sefaseba, dajgufeba da

Tanamimdevrobis gansazRvra?

moxdeba ra zogadi gadawyvetilebe

xelmi

bis miReba masalebis miznebisa da

ra situaciebSi. sxva sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT, Tqven

Sedgen

sawvdom saSualebebTan dakavSirebiT, droa daviwyoT sxvadasxva nawilebis

detaluri struqturis ganxilva. am dokumentis miznebidan gamomdinare, koncen-

trirebas movaxdenT kursebis udidesi nawilis mTavar maxasiaTebelze _ sak-

laso oTaxze an studentis wignze.

Tqven ukve geqnebaT miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi ramdenime kuTxiT, Tqveni

Semswavlelis moTxovnebis / survilebis Sesaxeb arsebuli informaciis safuZ-

velze; magaliTad, romel sakomunikacio davalebebs gindaT rom gaarTvan Tavi

Tqvenma studentebma da

ili geqnebaT Tqveni kursis sakomunikacio kompetenciebisa da aqtivobas-

Tan / strategiasTan dakavSirebuli mizezebis nusxa. es yvelaferi mniSvnelovani

207

momzadebaa, magram faqtiurad, saxelmZRvenelos struqturis agebis davalebis

Sesruleba axla iwyeba.

Cvens mier moxsenebuli erT-erTi konteqstualuri parametri ukavSirde-

boda dros, romlis gamoyenebac SeuZliaT studentebs swavlisaTvis. magaliTis

saxiT aviRoT tipiuri evropuli saSualo skolis kurikulumi, romelic ucxo

enisaTvis gamohyofs sam-oTx saaTs kviraSi. saswavlo dawesebulebebis umravle-

soba moiTxovs saklaso saxelmZRvanelos gamoyenebas mTeli saswavlo wlis gan-

mavlobaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Cveni kursis masalebi gaTvlili unda iyos klasSi

mecadi

avlisaTvis (rogoricaa samuSao wigni).

magram axze gaTvlili programis Sedgena, ro-

melic

icirebuli (naklebad savaraudoa aseTi saklaso

oTaxi ar

vrobis nawili,

erTeu b

a (interesis Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT);

gamosa

swavlo miznebis dajgufeba erTeulisaTvis mTavari nabijia masalebis

Sedgen red am etapze xdeba sakontroli furclis gardaqmna

silab ad. gadaxedT dajgufebis am variants, romelic masalebis avtorebma

gamoiy s inglisuri enis kursis tipobrivi zogadi

saxelmZRvanelodan (Look Ahead 1)

ili nivTebi (tansacmeli, nivTebi piradi

igienisaTvis, konteinerebi)

aTesaobiTi brunvis s' maRaziis tipebisaTvis (rogoricaa news

anzaqciis Sesruleba, rac

davaleba: ramis Txovna (Can I have...?)

neobis daaxloebiT 80-100 saaTze, rasac emateba dro saSinao davalebis

Sesrulebisa da TviTSeswavlisaTvis. SeiZleba varCioT calke saswavlo masalis

Seqmna saSinao davalebisa da TviTSesw

rogor unda daviwyoT saklaso oT

klasSi mecadineobis 80-100 saaTs iTvaliswinebs?

upirveles yovlisa, saWiroa kursis erTeulebad dayofa. erTeulebis

miznebi da xangrZlivoba cvalebadi iqneba, konteqstidan gamomdinare, ra moiaz-

reba saswavlo masalebis èrTeulSi~?

gTavazobT ramdenime mosazrebas.

_ erTeuls gaaCnia specifikuri (da xSirad mravalnairi) saswavlo miznebi

da Cveulebriv, xels uwyobs silabusis win wawevas da iseT sferoebSi, romel-

bic TviT am silabusSia identif

s f glebSi mimdinare individualuri gakveTilis SemTxvevaSi);

_ erTeuls aqvs dasawyisi da dasasruli;

_ erTeuli Sinaganad Tanamimdevrulia da gansazRvruli kavSiri aqvs sxva

erTeulebTan (es SeiZleba iyos sworxazovani Tanamimde

le is jgufSi _ moduli)

_ erTeuli mimzidveli

degia (swavlis Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT); cvalebadia (studentis

aqtivobis tipis TvalsazrisiT); xels uwyobs ganviTarebasa da generacias

(exmareba Semswavlelebs winsvlaSi kurssa da TviTSeswavlaSi)

_ erTeuls (Cveulebriv) eTmoba saklaso oTaxSi mecadineobisaTvis

gankuTvnil gansazRvruli dro

sa

aSi, radgan swo

us

enes erTeulisaTvi

Tema: sayidlebi

qveTema 1: maRaziebi

konteqsti: mogzaurobisaTvis mzadeba

leqsikoni: maRaziis tipebi

samogzaurod SeZen

h

gramatika: arawesieri mravlobiTi

n

agent's); heve got-is gameoreba a, some, any-Tan erTad; awmyo martivi

drois gameoreba.

qveTema 2: nivTebis SeZena maRaziebSi

sakomunikacio davaleba: maRaziaSi tr

gulisxmobs (Semdeg funqciebs...)

208

Rirebulebis kiTxva (How much is...?) survilis gamoTqma (I'd like...?) ganmartebis Txovna (Sorry? How much?) vinmesTvis ramis micema (Here you are.) misalmeba da damSvidobeba (Good morning... Goodbye) gramatika: nacvalsaxelebi _ @one, ones,

kiTxvebi... which (one)? _ is gamoyenebiT

ebiT saxelebTan)

how much? (uTvlad arsebiT saxelebTan)

ubari: nivTebis SeZena maRaziebSi

acio davalebebis Sesrulebas,

xolo

c

Txzul

akomunikacio nawyvetebis tipebze dayrdnobiT

(Janro nabijebs / svlebs uwodebs; ix. swales 1990), r SemogvTavazebs saleqcio monologSi.

ements, romelic SesaZlebelia iyos mecnierebaze

orient

da dasruleba

Rwera

mixedviT saubari

S. interpretireba

rteba

how many?... (Tvlad ars

qveTema 3: saWiro nivTebis SeZena

sa

mosmena: ganxilva imisa, Tu ras waiRebdiT Tan mogzaurobaSi

kiTxva: maRaziebis reklamebis gageba

wera: ardadegebze wasaRebi nivTebis siis Sedgena.

es cxadyofs, Tu rogor SeiZleba miznebis elementebis Tanamimdevrulad

dajgufeba. am SemTxvevaSi (eqvsgverdiani) erTeuli irCevs Temas da hyofs mas sam

(orgverdian) qveTemad. erTeulis mixedviT progresireba ganapirobebs

sayidlebTan dakavSirebuli konkretuli sakomunik

am davalebaTa Sesasruleblad saWiro leqsika, gramatika da funqciebi

qmnis erTeulis enobriv miznebs. am ukanasknelTa dajgufeba ganisazRvreba

konkretuli Temis farglebSi Sesasrulebeli sakomunikacio davalebebis

enobrivi SinaarsiT. es dajgufebis erTi ofciaa.

arsebobs mravali sxva ofcia. modiT, meore magaliTis saxiT aviRoT

kursi, romelic amzadebs studentebs ucxo enaze bolo an aspiranturis kursis

gasavlelad. am SemTxvevaSi Tema SeiZleba ar iyos is koncefcia, romelic

gamodgeba saswavlo erTeulis markirebisaTvis. bevri akademiuri kursi,

romelSic SevxvdebiT Sereul speqtrs specifikuri sagnebiT dainteresebisa,

iyofa akademiuri makro unarebis mimarTulebebis mixedviT, rogoricaa

leqciebis mosmena da Txzulebebis wera. am SemTxvevaSi aqcenti keTdeba unaris

ganviTarebaze da Sinaarsobrivi aspeqtebi xSirad ubralod instrumentebia,

romelTa saSualebiTac xdeba unaris wvdoma da gamoyeneba. Semdeg davuSvaT, rom

gramatikuli sizuste leqciis gasagebad ise mniSvnelovani ar aris, rogor

ebis werisas. leqciis gagebaze agebul kursze saswavlo masalebi

SeiZleba daiyos erTeulebad, s

brivi analizis literatura maT

omlebsac mosaubre, savaraudod,

gTavazobT ramdenime el

irebuli kursis nawili:

_ leqciis dawyeba

_ Sesavali da daskvniTi Temebi

_ terminebis definicia

_ aRWurvilobisa da masalebis a

_ meTodis aRwera

_ raodenobrivi kalkulaciis

_ grafikebis, cxrilebis, a.

_ klasifikaciebis prezentacia

_ kvlevis aRwera

_ Sedareba da Sepirispireba

_ davalebebis ganma

209

_ monologis mTeli rigi funqciebi dakavSirebuli: aqcentirebasTan,

mcire gadameorebasTan, prestruqturizebasTan, mimoxilvasTan, SemowmebasTan,

gamovlenasTan, gamarTlebasTan, deduqciasTan, SejamebasTan, Sexsenebasa da

perifrazir basTan.

msgavsi kursis erTeulebi SesaZlebelia asec dasaTaurdes, da Cveni

mxridan aRniSnuli `nawyvetebis~ verbalizaciis gaanalizeba (an prognozireba)

mogvcems mdidar enobriv masalas (romelic exeba saubris organizacias,

intonacias, winadadebis gramatikas, teqstis organizacias, leqsikons, a.S)

romelic SegviZlia gamoviyenoT im enobrivi miznebis gansazRvrisaTvis, rac

saswavlo

e

erTeulis Semadgeneli nawili SeiZleba iyos. am SemTxvevaSi,

masalebis Tanamimdevruloba damokidebulia sakomunikacio `nawyvetebsa~ da maT

Tanmxl k sTan mimarTebaSi, Znelia imis

gansaz rad dasabuTeba,

rac

ic naklebad

myisie

eb enobriv maxasiaTeblebze. aseT ur

Rvra, Tu rogor unda moxdes Tanamimdevrulobis logiku

efuZneba gramatikis an leqsikis savaraudo sirTules. gamonaklisia

gancalkevebuli, sworxazovani mimarTuleba, romlis dasasrul

ria.


1. rogor dahyofT kursis miznebs erTeulebis miznebad?

2. ra markas gamoiyenebT TiToeuli erTeulisaTvis? damokidebuli iqneba

igi, magaliTad Temaze, makro unarze, sakomunikacio davalebaze?

3. eqneba erTeuls damatebiTi qvedanayofebi?

4. erTeulebi da maTi qvedanayofebi Tanamimdevrul midevnas saWiroebs Tu

SesaZlebelia maTi modularulad gamoyeneba?

5. enis ra maxasiaTblebis aqcentireba moxdeba erTeulis miznebis saxiT?

6. rogor gansazRvravT sxvadasxva miznebis mniSvnelobis `xarisxs~?F

7. ra principebs gamoiyenebT sxvadasxva miznebis dasajgufeblad erT

Tanmimdevul erTeulSi?

6. ra saxis midgomebi iqneba gamarTlebuli?

kompetenciebis me-6 Tavi gamohyofs enis Seswavlis da swavlebis procese-

bis mTel speqtrs. midgomebi cvalebadobs maswavlebvlis mrwamsis da imis

mixedviT, Tu ras aniWebs igi upiratesobas, agreTve Semswavlelis tipis, resur-

sis xelmisawvdomobisa da institucionaluri konteqstis mixedviT. sax-

elmZRvaneloTa gonieri avtorebi, sul mcire, aRiareben am faqtorebs sakuTar

masalebSi.

albaT, sadavo ar iqneba Tuki vityviT, rom praqtikosebisa da Semswav-

lelebis umravlesobis azriT, ucxo enis Seswavala SesaZlebelia dagegmili

procesis Sedegad, rogoricaa kursi; misi daufleba SeiZleba teqstTan uSualo

SemxeobiT da / an sakomunikacio situaciebSi uSualo monawileobiTac,

mniSvneloba, romelsac masalebis avtori aniWebs am mosazrebebs, did zegavle-

nas moaxdens TviT masalebze.

`... `tradiciuli azrovnebis~ mimdevari Semswavlelebis, maswavleblebisa

da maTi mxardamWeri samsaxurebis umravlesoba, ufro ekleqturi praqtikis

momxmare iqneba aRiarebs ra, rom Semswavlelebi yovelTvis imas ar swavloben,

rasac maswavleblebi aswavlian da rom isini moiTxoven rogorc enis konteqs-

tualurad da gasagebad miwodebas, ise SesaZleblobebs enis interaqtiulad ga-

moyene

aerTod ar mieqces yuradReba arc

wera-k

bisaTvis, amasTan, maT surT swavlis gaadvileba, gansakuTrebiT, saklaso

oTaxis xelovnur pirobebSi, gacnobierebulad swavlisa da sakmarisi praqtikis

kombinirebis gziT, rom Semcirdes da an s

iTxvis dabali donis fizikur unarebs da arc morfologiur da gramati-

kul sizustes, rac, Tavis mxriv, gonebaSi adgils gamoaTavisuflebs komuni-

kaciis maRali donis strategiebisaTvis~. (kompetenciebi 6.2.2.2)

210

saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi maTsave ma-

salebs unda umagrebdes safuZvels. kompetenciebis produqti 6.4 uzrunvelyofs

daxmarebas am mosazrebaTa formulirebaSi.

masalaSi mocemuli midgomebis wvdoma damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogor

aris gakveTili organizebuli. ras vgulisxmobT aq gakveTilSi? pirvelyovlisa,

igi aris drois is periodi, an swavlis is iuniti, romlis ganmavlobaSic

vcdilobT swavlis / swavlebis gansazRvruli miznebis miRwevas. amasTan, igi

aris

i avtori yvelanairi masalis Seqmnas SesZlebs miuxedavad imisa, es

naSromi maswavlebelz,e Semswavlelze, mTel klasze / jgufze / individze

iqneba

bma ivarjiSon konteqstze / gamoyene-

baze da Semdeg scadon gamoyenebis wesebisa da nimuSebis mixedviT ganzogadeba,

Tanato iT, erTi mxriv SeiZleba miviCnioT,

rom a

ba miiCnioT, rom sakmarisad

rCeba

uxebis pirobebSi.

xebi masalebis avtorebisaTvis:

struqtura, Semotanili romelime institucionaluri sistemis, agreTve,

maswavleblisa da saxelmZRvanelos avtoris mier, romelic qmnis masalebs

drois mocemuli periodisa Tu konkretuli saswavlo iunitisaTvis. kargi gak-

veTili gulisxmobs davalebebisa da aqtivobebis ise dalagebas, rogorc aris,

radgan maswavlebeli / instituti miiCnevs, rom es midgoma efeqturi iqneba

SemswavlelebTan mimarTebaSi. am mizanze gaTvliT, axdens avtori gakveTilis

masalebis Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvras.

karg

orientirebuli, Tu axsna-ganmartebiTi an miTiTebiTi xasiaTi eqneba. unari

masalebis aseTi mravalferovnebis Seqmnisa gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa avtori-

saTvis. magram unda ganixilos am midgomebis kursis calkeul nawilebTan Sesa-

bamisobis sakiTxic. SeiZleba isec aRmoCndes, rom esaTu is midgoma gamosadegi

iyos masalebisaTvis, mxolod sxvadasxva saSualebebis an miznebis arsebobis pi-

robebSi.

magaliTad:

SeiZleba moisurvoT saklaso oTaxSi gramatikaze aqcentireba, kooper-

aciuli mikvlevis gziT, ise, rom studente

lebisa da maswavleblis Tandaswreb

m kvlevas megzuroba axlavs Tan, magram meore mxriv, Tu amzadebT damate-

biT gramatikul masalas saxlSi damuSavebisaTvis, romlis mizanicaa damatebiTi

praqtikisa da axsna-ganmartebis miwodeba, SeiZle

adgili instruqciulad fleqsiuri masalisaTvis. romelic iTvaliswinebs

praqtikas daxuruli pas

SekiT

1. rogor fiqrobT, maswavleblebsa da Semswavlelebs, romlebic Tqveni

masalebiT sargebloben, ra mosazrebebi da molodinebi amoZravebT midgomebTan

mimarTebaSi? ramdenad aRiarebs maT es masalebi?

2. enis Seswavlasa da swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli ra mosazrebebi udevs

safuZvlad masalebs?

3. ramdenad uzrunvelyofs masalebi megzurobas zemoxsenebuli Tvalsaz-

risiT?

4. ramdenad iZleva masalebi dauflebis saSualebas?

5. ra aris gakveTili, Tqveni masalebis gadmosaxedidan? ayalibebs isini

gakveTilis gasageb struqturebs? Tu es asea, SegiZliaT aRweroT da daukavSi-

roT isini Tqveneul mosazrebebs, enis, swavlaze / swavlebaze.

6. arsebobs gansxvavebuli struqturebi / Tanmimdevroba swavlis sxva

saxeobebisaTvis, romelTac SeiZleba moicavdes kursi? SegiZliaT TiToeuli ni-

muSis logikurad dasabuTeba?

NB diskusia midgomebTan dakavSirebiT gagrZeldeba 7.3-Si

1. davalebaTa ra speqtrs unda Seicavdes masalebi?

211

Tu Semswavlelebs vkiTxavT, ras moicavs enis saswavlo saxelmZRvanelo,

pasuxi savaraudod aseTi iqneba _ teqstebs, savarjiSoebs da albaT, miTiTebebs;

da faqtiurad, isini metnaklebad marTlebi arian. miTiTebebs Tu ar CavTvliT,

kursis miwodeba xdeba teqstebis (sasaubro da werilobiTi) da davalebebis sa-

SualebiT; masalebis avtorisaTvis mTavaria, am teqstebsa da davalebebSi, Caaq-

sovos kursis miznebi da sakuTari mosazrebebi enis swavlasa da swavlebasTan

dakavSirebiT. ra principebiTac ar unda vixelmZRvaneloT SerCevisas, teqstebi

teqstebad rCeba. maT aranairi Rirebuleba ar gaaCnia, Tu Semswavlelebs ar miv-

cemT maTTan interaqciis saSualebas _ davalebebis prezentaciis saxiT. ase, rom

Cvens

lebas aRar utovebs. kargad Sedgenili davalebe-

biT, swavla da maTze muSaoba ki, erTi siamovnebaa. samwuxarod, davalebebis xa-

risxi da speqtri, saxelmZRvanelos saklaso oTaxSi gamoyenebamde, gaurkvevelia.

Tu sa owme-

biT, zemoxsenebuli mniSvnelovani aspeqti gaucnobierebuli rCeba.

uwevs

arg

motiva

sac).

ado teqstebTan erTad masalebis Seqmnis procesis

arsia, a gakeTebuli arCevani fun-

dament .

aucil

edi-

dan, r ilze iyeneben.

m SekiTxvebze gace-

muli

i)?

mier davalebebTan mimarTebaSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi arsebiTi mniSv-

nelobisaa. faqtiurad, davalebis Sedgena saxelmZRvanelos erT-erTi yvelaze

mniSvnelovani aspeqtia. cudad Sedgenili davalebebi saxelmZRvanelos gamousa-

degars xdis da arsebobis uf

xelmZRvaneloebis SerCeva mxolod gadaTvalierebiT xdeba da ara Sem

swored davalebebis Sedgena aZlevs avtors saSualebas, wignSi Seitanos

calkeuli aqcentizirebuli aspeqtebi _ albaT, enobrivi da komunikaciuri kom-

petenciis sferoebSi _ da amasTan, stimuli misces konkretuli strategiebisa

da procesebis ganviTarebas.

7. 1. davalebis tipebi da davalebaSi aqcentirebuli aspeqtebi

enis saswavlo saxelmZRvanelos gadmosaxedidan, davaleba aris masalebSi

CarTuli aqtivoba, romlis Sesruleba `... moicavs gansazRvruli kompetenciebis

strategiul aqtivizacias, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes, mTeli rigi gamiznuli qme-

debebis Sesruleba konkretul sferoSi da gansazRvruli Sedegis miReba~ ( kom-

petenciebi 7.1)

davalebebi SeiZleba iyos im davalebaTa msgavsi, romelTa Sesrulebac

Semswavlels realur cxovrebaSi (rogoricaa faqsiT sastumros nomris

dajavSna; instruqciis wakiTxva; leqciaze CaniSvnebis gakeTeba) an SeiZleba pe-

dagogiur xasiaTs atarebdes da uSualod Semswavlelis moTxovnebs ar ukav-

Sirdebodes; magaliTad, SemoqmedebiTi werilobiTi davalebebi SesaZloa k

cias iZleodes da exmarebodes Semswavlelebs enis SesaZleblobebis mik-

vlevaSi, Tumca naklebad savaraudoa rom isini ucxo enis realuri cenzi iyos.

gasaTvaliswinebelia im komunikaciis faseulobac, romelic myardeba Semswa-

vlelebs Soris davalebis Sesrulebisas _ SerCevis, marTvis an Sefasebis gziT.

urigo ar iqneba, erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvaoT davalebaSi aqcentirebuli

aspeqtebi (enis, Sinarsis, Semswavleli ganviTarebis, a. S. ra elementebi) da da-

valebis tipi (rogor unda miudgnen Semswavlelebi masalebs, adamianebs, romle-

bic maTTan erTad swavloben, maswavlebels da albaT, realur samyaro

davalebis tipebisa da im aspeqtebis SerCeva da kombinireba, romlebzec

unda gakeTdes aqcenti, saTan

radgan am dros miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi d

ur zegavlenas axdens masalebis sicocxlisunarianobasa da saWiroebaze

ebelia dafiqreba ara mxolod calkeul davalebebze, aramed imazec, Tu

rogor xdeba maTi SeTavseba da Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvra, rom Seiqmnas saswa-

vlo iuniti; an rogoria isini maswavleblebisa da Semswavlelebis gadmosax

omlebic am davalebebs uSualod klasSi, gakveT

davalebebis klasificireba mravalnairad SeiZleba, a

pasuxebis mixedviTac:

_ ra saxis procedurebs moicavs davalebebi?

_ isini martivia (erTsafexuriani) Tu kompleqsuri (mravalsafexurian

212

_ isini cxovrebiseulia (misadagebuli im sakomunikacio davalebasTan,

romelic realurad SeiZleba Segvxvdes) Tu pedagogiuri (sadac gamarTlebas

warmo

_ ra saxis kompetenciebs moicavs isini?

_ ra saxis strategiebs astimulirebs isini?

_ ra roli unda Seasrulos Semswavlelma davalebis ganxilvisas?

_ maTi daboloeba Riaa (mravali SesaZlo SedegiT) Tu daxuruli (erTi

swori SedegiT)?

_ isini, produqtze orientirebulia (varT dainteresebuli ZiriTadaT

imiT, rasac studentebi qmnian) procesze (varT dainteresebuli ZiriTadaT imiT,

rac davalebis Sesrulebisas xdeba) Tu oriveze erTad?

kompetenciebis me-7 Tavi Zalze gamosadeg perspeqtivebs gvTavazobs da-

valebis SedgenasTan mimarTebaSi da mkiTxvelebs vurCevT gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba miaqcion punqts 7.3, romelic davalebis sirTules exeba.

Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom davalebebis tipebze fiqrsa da garkveulwilad

maT klasificirebas, gaaadvilebs calkeuli sityvebis ganxilva, romlebic gvTa-

vazobs am tipebs. aseTi sitvebis CamonaTvali mocemulia diagramaSi 3. da

zogierTisaTvis gansakuTrebiT rezonansulia. maTi umravlesoba instruqciuli

xasiaTisaa da gvxvdeba saxelmZRvanelobis davalebaTa rubrikaSi. maTi kombini-

reba im aspeqtebTan, romlebzec aqcents akeTebs davaleba, qmnis erTgvar matri-

cas, romelic konkretuli davalebebis TiTqmis usazRvro raodenobis Sedgenis

saSualebas iZleva. Tumca, davalebebis yvela tipi, ver gamodgeba aspeqtebis

aqcentirebisaTvis, magaliTad, komentireba gansakuTrebis sasargebloa, rogorc

video davaleba. Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT moemzadon movlenaTa vizualuri Tan-

mimdevrobis gaxmovanebisaTvis. Sewyveta kargia im davalebebis SemTxvevaSi, rom-

lebic mosmenas an yurebas ukavSirdeba. am dros xdeba audio an video Canaweris

gaCereba da Semswavlelebs sTxoven prognozirebas Canaweris SesaZlo gagrZele-

basTan mimarTebaSi. ganvrcoba / gagrZeleba, gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa Semo-

qmedebiTi weris konteqstSi, romelic gulisxmobs studentebis mier miRebuli

minimaluri informaciis ganvrcobas da sakuTari istoriis moyolas, an TvaliT

nanaxis aRweras, maswavleblis mier Semotanili SezRudvebis farglebSi. magram,

ra Tqma unda, es konkretuli davalebebi mxolod calkeuli magaliTebia, rom-

lebic gvikarnaxa erTma sityvam. msgavsi erTsityviani miniSnebebi SesaZloa

sruliad gansxvavebuli davalebebis safuZveli gaxdes Cvens SemTxvevaSi.

davalebebis aseTi matricis gamoyenebas, mTeli rigi upiratesobebi aqvs.

qmniT ra sakuTar variants, aucileblad iTvaliswinebT aspeqtebs, romlebzec

unda gakeTdes aqcenti masalebSi, da opciebs _ davalebaTa tipebisaTvis, es gax-

senebT davalebaTa Sedgenis SesaZleblobebs, romlebic SesaZloa sxva

SemTxvevaSi azradac ar mogsvlodaT.

es CamonaTvali, aseve, axsenebs masalebis avtors davalebaTa mraval-

ferovnebas. mravalferovnebas sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs davalebaTa

Sedgenisas. is Rirebulia ara mxolod dainteresebis, an motivaciis Tvalsaz-

risiT, aramed im mxrivac, rom saSualebas gvaZlevs ganvixiloT swavlis ra

saxeobebs aniWeben studentebi upiratesobas da gvexmareba sxvadasxva saswavlo

unar-Cvevebis ukeT gaTviTcnobierebaSi.

diagrama 3. davalebebis generatori

davalebaSi aqcentirebuli aspeqtebi leqsikoni gramatika mosmena a. S. a. S.

davalebaTa tipebi

prongozireba

pasuxis gacema

kiTxvis dasma

adgens realuri sakomunikacio davalebis SesrulebisaTvis mzadeba)?

_ rogoria Tanmdevi pirobebi da SezRuvdebi?

_ sirTulis ra doneebi asocirdeba am davalebeTan?

213

Sewyveta

markireba

dawyvileba

gadatana

SerCeva

povna / identificireba

dajgufeba / klasificireba

dawyoba / ganawileba

Sedareba / Sepirispireba

daskvnis gakeTeba / gamocnoba / gulisxmoba

gaxseneba

dasruleba

Casma

Sesworeba

amoReba / waSla

ganvrcoba / gagrZeleba

gardaqmna / Secvla

gaumjobeseba

aRwera

ganxilva

axsna / gamarTleba / argumentireba

Cveneba / gaTamaSeba / keTeba

Txroba

komentireba

magaliTi:

daxedeT am teqsts _

kaci Camojda Zelskamze.

gaxeda zRvas.

gaaxsenda Tavisi vaJiSvili.

davalebis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs TqvenTvis (SemswavlelisTvis) su-

raTis Seqmnas imasTan mimarTebaSi, Tu ras moiazrebs teqsti. meore nawili

gulisxmobs teqstis ganvrcobas, rom es suraTi rac SeiZleba zedmiwevniT da-

gixatoT, magram aris SezRudvebi: SegiZliaT daumatoT nebismieri sasurveli

sityva an fraza, magram yvela sityva teqstis originalSi Tavdapirveli wyobiT

unda gamoiyenoT, jamSi SegiZliaT mxolod sami winadadebis Sedgena.

ras moiazrebs es davaleba, pirvelyovlisa aqcents akeTebs gramatikul

da leqsikur kompetenciebze, mocemulia miniSnebebi da SezRudvebi im sityvebTan

da sityvaTa tipebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebid SegiZliaT daumatoT. Semswav-

lelebi aucileblad moisurveben (damokidebulia doneze). zedsarTavi sax-

elebis, zmnizedebis, windebuliani frazebis da a. S. damatebas. maT mier Ser-

Ceuli leqsikuri erTeulebi SezRudvebs eqvemdebareba ganlagebis Tvalsaz-

risiT. davaleba wamoWris saintereso kulturul sakiTxebs, trivialuridan

dawyebuli (rogori Zelskamebia zRvis pirze) fundamenturiT damTavrebuli (ra

kulturuli datvriTva aqvs am mamakacis SvilTan ganSorebas). SesaZlebeli

iqneba teqstis sakuTari xedviT ganvrcoba, zogierTi Seqmnis bednier scenas,

suraTs mziani dRiT, sxvebi upiratesobas mianiWeben ufro muqi, damamwuxrebeli

suraTis Seqmnas, Semswavlelebs stimuli miecemaT, enobriv riskze wasvlisaTvis,

radgan am davalebas, swori pasuxi ar moeZebneba. yoveli teqsti individualu-

rad Seqmnil suraTs efuZvneba. Tu Semwavlelebi motivirebuli iqnebian saku-

Tari suraTis Sesaqmnelad, isini ecdebian, azris zustad gadmocemas. es

mcdeloba asaxavs `brZolas, azris realurad gadmocemisaTvis~ aseve realur

sakomunikacio situaciaSi. davaleba ganapirobebs Semswavlelebis monawileobas

214

enobrivi procesebisa da sakomunikacio strategiebis ganxilvasa da kvlevaSi,

maSin, roca, uSualo aqcenti keTdeba, mxolod lingvistur kompetenciebze.

7. 2. davalebaTa Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvra

konkretul davalebSi tipi ar ekuTvnis romelime konkretul midgomas.

davalebebi erT-erTi im instrumentTagania, romelTac viyenebT gakveTilebisa da

masalebis struqturuli agebisaTvis. davalebebis kombinirebisa da Tanmimdev-

robis gansazRvris variantebi zegavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor aswavlis mas-

wavlebeli, gakveTilis an iunitis Tanmimdevroba, ukavSirdeba, agreTve, swav-

lebis midgomebs, mosazrebebs saswavlo da saklaso meTodologiasTan da-

kavSirebiT.

gakveTilis struqturis tipebi.

mravali welia debatebi mimdinareobs enis gakveTilis etapebis Tanmimdev-

robis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT. es debatebi, xSirad sakmaod cxare ganapir-

eobebs, fundamenturi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebis wamoWras, formalur garemoSi

enis swavlasTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebis irgvliv. erT-erTi nawili ndobas

ucxadebs maswavlebelze koncentrirebul midgomas, romlis mixedviTac, maswav-

lebeli aqtiurad awvdis enis swavlis doneebis mixedviT dayofil masalas. as-

timulirebs mkacr praqtikas da Semdeg studentebisagan moiTxovs miwodebuli

masalis rogorRaca producirebas, meore mosazrebis Tanaxmad, sakmarisia

SemTveviTi Semxeoba enasTan imisaTvis, rom Semswavlelebi daeuflon mas

sasurveli da saWiro moculobiT. mosazrebebis, romlebic safuZvlad udevs

Taname bs, sxvadasxva poziciebs ikavebs kontinu-

umze a

unda aRiniSnos, rom TiTqmis ar moiZebneba maswavlebeli, romelic

ar da

ZiriTa Tvals im aspeqtebisa, romelsac

unda moicavdes enis gakveTilebi (CamonaTvals ar gaaCnia konkretuli Tanmim-

devroba)

_ garkveuli miTiTebaa gakveTilis miznebze

_ informaciis miwodeba enis Sesaxeb

_ kavSiri wina gakveTilebTan

_ miTiTeba Semdgom swavlaze, praqtikaze an kvlevaze da samomavlo gak-

veTilebze

amas emateba Semdegi SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswineba SemswavlelTaTvis...

_ im enis gamoyeneba, romlic ukve ician

_ realuri an TiTqmis realuri enis gamoyenebisaTvis Tvalyuris devneba

_ Sesaswavli enis elementebze varjiSi, garkveuli megzurobiTa da dax-

marebiT

_ gakveTilis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb Canaweris gakeTeba

es yvelaferi im konteqstSi, rac Semswavlelebs motivacias aZlevs

monawileobisaTvis

am ZiriTadi elementebis adgili konkretul gakveTilSi da is, Tu vin

monawileobs aseTi gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, safuZvlad udevs bolodroin-

del debatebs enis swavlebis / swavlis Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvrasTan mimarTe-

baSi. Tumca, axla am debatebis detalurad ganaxlebas ver SevudgebiT. tra-

diciulad swavlebis Tanmimderoba ganisazRvreboda e.w. P-P-P-iT, sadac (am ter-

minis zusti interpretaciis mixedviT) maswavleblis mier Sesaswavli enis

prezentacias (P) mohyveba kontrolirebadi praqtika (P) da Semdeg producireba studentis mxridan (P). sxva alternativebis ufro met mniSvnelobas aniWebs

mikvleviT swavlasa da Semswavlelze koncentrirebas. magaliTad, skriveri (1994)

gTavazobs gakveTilis etapebis nakrebis modificirebul, ufro fleqsiur vari-

ants. am etapebis gaerTianeba xdeba sxvadasxva TanimdevrobiT sxvadasxva mizne-

bisan gamomdinare, avTenikur gamoyenebaze (A), SezRudul gamoyenebaze (R) ganmar-

drove enebis saxelmZRvaneloe

m or ukiduresad gansxvavebul Sexedulebas Soris.

Tumca

eTanxmeba im faqts, rom enis kargi gakveTili ganisazRvreba ramdenime

di aspeqtiT. gTavazobT patara Camona

215

tebasa da aqcentirebaze dayrdnobiT (C), uilisi (1996) gvTavazobs enis davale-

baze dafuZnebul swavlas saklaso oTaxis farglebSi: savalebamde faza, sadac

Semswavlelebi ecnobian Temasa da davalebas; davalebis etapi, rac gulisxmobs

TviT davalebis Sesrulebas Semswavlelebis mier da dagegmvis etapi, sadac

Semswavlelebi erTiandebian jgufebad da ganixilaven, Tu ra gzebiT scades da-

valebis Sesruleba da rogor apireben davalebis enis Sesworebas, perefrazire-

basa da repetirebas. dabolos, aris angariSis etapi, rac gulisxmobs Semswav-

lelebis mier klasisaTvis agnariSis Cabarebas da maswavleblis mxridan gamox-

maurebas Sinaarssa da formasTan mimarTebaSi. zemoT mocemuli CamonaTvali

srulad Seesabameba im yvelafris deskrifcias, rasac SeiZleba adgili hqondes

gakveTilze.

qvemoT mocemuli diagrama 4 gvTavazobs erT-erT variants iunitSi da-

valebaTa Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvrisa, es iuniti Temas efuZneba da mis miznebSi

Sedis: axali enis prezentacia saintereso teqstTan SexebiT; SemswavlelTa dax-

mareba axali enis kombinirebisTvis im enasTan, romelsac ukve iyeneben da axali

enis gamoyeneba miznobriv, sakomunikacio konteqstSi. am Tanmimdevrobis ZiriTadi

maxasiaTeblebi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Semswavlelebi momzadebulni arian

yovli etapisaTvis; maT axal enas sTavazoben motivaciis mimcemi teqstebiT;

formaze yuradRebis gadatanamde, SeuZliaT teqstebis gadaxedva mniSvnelobis

gasagebad; Semswavlelebs astimulireben da megzurobas uweven gamoyenebis we-

sebSi gasarkevad da leqsikonis Sesadgenas teqstis farglebs miRma; sTavazoben

praqtikas ZiriTadad im enaze; da axali enis gamoyenebis mosinjvas TiTqmis

realur sakomunikacio konteqstebSi. deskripcia iwyeba maswavleblis Tval-

TaxedviT, Tumca, dasaSvebia misi Seqmna Semswavlelis gadmosaxedidanac.

diagrama 4. gakveTili nimuSis saxiT da misi Tanmimdevroba

a. momzadeba teqstis mosawodeblad

• codnis aqtivizirebiT

• molodinis aqtivizirebiT (JanrTan, teqstis tipTan,

leqsikasTan, gramatikasTan da a.S mimarTebaSi)

• momijnave masalis gadaxedviT / miTiTebiT

• pesonalizaciiT

b. teqstTan SexebisTvis strategiis ganviTarebis stimulireba

kiTxvisas / mosmenisas Sesasrulebeli davalebebis gansazRvriT.

damuSavebis sxvadasxva tipebis stimulireba

teqstTan, rogorc komunikaciis erTgvar monakveTTan SexebiT

• mniSvnelobis gagebaze aqcentirebiT

• teqstis daniSnulebis / Janris / monawileebi amocnobiT

• saerTo arsis gasagebad, kiTxviT / mosmeniT

• detalebis gasarkvevad, kiTxviT / mosmeniT

• Semadgeneli nawilebis sakomunikacio funqciis identificirebiT

sityvebis mniSvnelobis gagebiT / mixvedriT

• teqstis gadaxveviT, misi formaluri maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare

_ aqcentireba imaze, Tu ratom da rogor aqvs formas aseTi max-

asiaTeblebi

• formaluri maxasiaTeblebis identificirebiT (rogoricaa

gramatika)

• formaluri maxasiaTeblebis sakomunikacio funqciasTan dakavSire-

biT.

g. teqstebze muSaobis damTavreba

216

• Sinaarsis ganxilviT (misi sakuTar gamocdilebasTan dakavSirebiT)

• formaluri maxasiaTeblebis gamoyenebis ganzogadebiT

• teqstis leqsikoniT dakavSirebiT, formiT, mniSvnelobisa da gamo-

yenebis mixedviT msgavs leqsikonTan.

d. axali enis pirovnul da produqtiul kontqstSi Setana da ga-

moyeneba sakomunikacio davalebebis, miznis, gansazRvruli auditoriis a. S.

mixedviT.


1. teqstis ra tipis gamoyenebas apirebT masalebSi?

2. raze gaakeTebs davaleba aqcents yoveli iuntisa da gakveTilis far-

glebSi?

3. davalebebi moicavs mxolod realur (gamocdebis CaTvliT) davalebebs,

romelTa Sesrulebac SeiZleba dasWirdeT Semswavlelebs?

4. davaleba sakmarisad mravalferovania, magaliTad, tipis, Sedegis, Tana-

mosaubreTa raodenobis, teqstebis raodenobis mixedviT?

5. iTxovs Tu ara davalebebi Semswavlelebisagan sxvadasxva rolebis Ses-

rulebas _ interaqciaSi iniciatori, mopasuxe, mimRebi, mimwodebeli, mediatori?

6. arsebobs Tu ara gamosadeg strategiebTan mimarTebaSi SemswavlelTa

gaTviTcnobierebulobis gaviTarebaze aqcentirebis saWiroeba, rom maT SesZlon

calkeuli davalebebis moTxovnebisaTvis Tavis garTmeva?

7. arsebobs Tu ara saTanado davalebebi, kognituri da lingvisturi sir-

Tulis; interesisa da SemswalelTan Sesabamisobis; daxmarebisa da uzrunvelyo-

fili drois; davalebaTa gansazRvrisa da rubrikis sicxadis TvalsazrisiT?

8. rogor moxdeba masalebSi Sesatani teqstebis SerCeva?

saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesatani saTanado teqstebis moZieba an Seqmna avtori-

saTvis didi gamowvevaa da mniSvnelovania am unaris ganviTareba. LSP-is sax-

elmZRvaneloebis avtorebi garkveul daxmarbas Rebuloben saTanado teqstebis

SerCevisas, Sinaarsidan gamomdinare. SezRudvebis an SesaZleblobebis mixedviT,

maSin, roca, sxva saxelmZRvanelobis SemTxvevaSi, avtorebs, ZiriTadad, sakuTari

mosazrebiTa da intuiciiT uwevT xelmZRvaneloba. kargi teqstis SerCevis

mniSvnelobis sakmarisad aqcentireba SeuZlebelia. axali saxelmZRvanelobis

gadaTvalierebisas swored teqstebi da maTi Tanmxlebi vizualuri masala ga-

napirobebs maswavleblebis arCevans _ teqstebi an izidavs maT, an ara. igive

iTqmis Semwavlelebzec.

miuxedavad imisa, rom avtori SeiZleba ver akontrolebdes wignis Seqmni-

sas zemoT xsenebul elements, teqstebis vizualuri prezentaciis formas

sasicocxlo mniSvneloba eniWeba. enis saxelmZRvanelo swavlis samyaroa, ro-

melSic avtorma unda Seiyvanos Semswavlelebi. amisaTvis unda SesZlos

Semswavlelebis darwmuneba, rom SemoTavazeba saintereso, Sesaferisi da mastim-

ulirebelia. ilustracia, Tu es SesaZlebelia, yovelTvis unda axldes teqsts,

rac ufro metad tovebs teqsti avTenikurobis STabeWdilebas, miT ukeTesi.

ra Tqma unda, arsebobs SezRudvebic teqstis SerCevisas, roca xdeba iseTi

kursis dagegmva, sadac saswavlo saSualebad wigni gamoiyeneba. Cveulebirv, ga-

momcemlebi moiTxoven, rom saxelmZRvanelos Sedgenisas gaTvaliswinebuli iyos

Tanafardoba adgilisa (gverdebis TvalsazrisiT) da mecadineobisTvis gamoyo-

fil dros Soris. naklebad savaraudoa, rom kursis saxelmZRvaneloSi adgili

moiZebnebodes Zalze ganvrcobili sakiTxavi masalis an iseTi teqstebisTvis,

romlebic saswavlo miznebis erTobliobas ukavSirdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, sam-

217

wuxarod, arsebobs SezRudva, romelic erT gakveTilze mxolod erTi an ori

moculobrivad SezRuduli teqstis ganxilvas iZleva.

8. 1. teqstebi realuri unda iyos Tu damuSvebuli?

debatebi imasTan dakavSirebiT teqstebi realurad komunikaciidan aRe-

buli nawyvetebi unda iyos Tu sagangebod enis Sesaswvlad unda iwerebodes,

yovelTvis cxare iqneba. Tumca, es debatebi ufro Teoriul sakiTxebs exeba,

vidre praqtikuls, romelTanac uwevT Sexeba masalebis avtorebs.

sityvis, Janris analizis da sxva kvlevebi, uzrunvelyofs garkveul in-

formacias, komunikaciaSi gamoyenebadi enis bunebrivi maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb _

gansakuTrebiT, inglisurSi. LSP-is zogierT konteqstSi es informacia sakmaod

detaluria da swvdeba teqstis organizacias, leqsikur maxasiaTeblebs, mikro

da makro funqcionalur maxasiaTeblebs, Tumca, gacilebiT bundovania imfor-

macia enis zogad gamoyenebaze, sadac situaciis, adgilis monawileebisa da

miznebis saxiT arsebuli cvladebi gacilebiT ufro met SesaZleblobas iZneva.

romc vflobdeT met informacias, enis bunebrivi maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb

yvela SesaZlo zogad konteqstSi, teqstebis SerCeva mainc gagviWirdeboda. ne-

bismieri realuri teqsti, magaliTad nawyveti sasaubro interaqciidan, Zalze

cota magaliTs Tu moicavs im bunebrivi maxasiaTeblebisa, romlebTanac gvinda,

rom Cvens Semswavlelebs hqondeT Sexeba, amitom unda gadavwyvitoT, gamovi-

yenebT aseT realur teqsts, Tu SevadgenT damuSavebul teqsts, romelic ufro

metad moicavs gasTvaliswinebel bunebriv maxasiaTeblebs.

mTavari is aris, rom masalebis avtorebma gaacnobieron ra aris bunebrivi

maxasiaTeblebi, sakmarisi ar aris mxold realuri nimuSebis amoReba teqste-

bidan da imgvarad adaptireba, rom ufro metad gamoyenebadi iyos da miesadage-

bodes im parametrebs, romlebic Cveni TvalTaxedviT teqstebTan mimarTebaSi

unda gvxvdebodes. bunebrivia, kargi teqstis adaptireba an damuSaveba, msgavsi

realuri teqstis gauTvaliswineblad SeuZlebelia, Tu masalebis avtorebi ar

ganixilaven realur teqstebs, maT mier Sedgenili variantebi ara mxolod mo-

sawyeni iqneba, aramed friad moklebulia bunebriv maxasiaTeblebs. es gan-

skuTrebiT, gasaTvaliswinebelia sasaubro teqstebis SemTxvevaSi, romelTa da-

muSavebas xSirad mohyveba yvela interaqtiuli maxasiaTeblis gamotoveba. ma-

galiTad amgvarad damuSavebuli ormxrivi saubari, SeiZleba Zalze mravalfero-

vani da zemiwevniT kiTxva-pasuxebis seriebad iqces. Tqvens mier damuSavebuli

saubris Sesamowmeblad, SegiZliaT mimarToT or megobars (megobrebi, romlebic

profesionali msaxiobebi arian, ukeTesi variantia) da sTxovT rom gaiTamaSon

igi. isini myidve SeamCneven, ramdenad Seesabameba saubris sityvebi im saTqmels,

romelic mocemul situaciaSi iqneboda saWiro. meore aprobirebuli meTodi

gulisxmobs, msaxiobebis gamoyenebas, romlebic TamaSoben ara damuSavebuli

teqstebiT, aramed CanawerebiT. magram es SeiZleba saxifaToc ki iyos. radgan

msaxiobebs sCveviaT dramatizeba iseT garemoebebSi, sadac Cven SeiZleba ufro

met rutinas da azrTa bunebriv urTierTgacvlas veZebdeT!

8. 2. teqstis ra cvladebi unda gaviTvaliswinoT?

saxelmZRvaneloebSi Setanili teqstebi Sesabamisi unda iyos sakomuni-

kacio Rirebulebisa da enis maxasiaTeblebis TvalsazrisiT; amasTan, maqsimalu-

rad sainteresoc, SemswavlelTa stimulirebisa da mizidvisaTvis. speqtri, ro-

melsac kursi moicavs mravalferovani unda iyos da avtorebis mier mxedvelo-

baSia misaRebi Semdegi aspeqtebi: teqstebis miaxloeba realur teqstebTan; Janri

/ teqstis tipi; saSualeba; moculoba; struqturuli kompeqsuroba da leqsikuri

datvirTva; maTi gamoyeneba enis saswavlo davalebebis instrumentebad; miuxeda-

218

vad imisa, Semswavlelebis Semxeoba testebTan recefciuli, produqtiuli, in-

teraqtiuli, Tu mediatoruli xasiaTis iqneba (kompetenciebi -4.6) teqstebi SesaZlebelia ganvixiloT gasarTobis procesis Semadgenel

nawiladac. am SemTxvevaSi teqstis miwodeba da / an gacema aucilebeli ar aris

Seesabamebodes realur teqsts, magram Semswavlelebs Soris interaqcias misi

damuSavebis an producirebisaTvis, realuri pedagogiuri Rirebuleba aqvs da

realurad motivireba SeuZlia. Semswavlelebi SemoqmedebiTad udgebian teqstis

eniT TamaSs, rom Seiswavlon parametrebi, Tu ra aris SesaZlebeli, unda

gvaxsovdes, rom Tu Semswavlelebs movuwodebT SemoqmedebiT weraze, savar-

jiSod saklaso oTaxis farglebSi, es imas ar niSnavs, rom maT igives keTeba

mouwevT ucxo enaze realur situaciebSi. am SemTxvevaSi, aqcenti keTdeba Semo-

qmedebiTi procesis pedagogiur Rirebulebaze da ara weris Sedegze.


1. mocemuli teqsti ramdenad Sesaferisi da saintereso SeiZleba iyos

SemswavlelebisaTvis?

2. aris Tu ara es teqstis is tipi, romelTan Sexebac SeiZleba mouwioT

Semswavlelebs?

3. warmodgenilia igi vizualruad mimzidveli formiT?

4. hgavs igi realur teqsts?

5. ramdenad Sesabamisia teqsti moculobis, struqturuli kompleqsureobis

da leqsikuri datvirTvis TvalsazrisiT?

6. Sesabamisia gamoyenebuli saSualeba?

7. eqvemdebareba teqsti enis saswavlo miznebiT gamoyenebas?

8. am teqstze dafuZnebuli davalebebi ramdenad gamoadgebaT Semswav-

lelebs msgavs teqstebTan Sexebisas realobaSi-interaqtiulad, produqtiulad,

aqtiurad, mediaciaSi?

219

danarTi (A): rCevebi masalebis Sedgenis procesTan dakavSirebiT

_ arasodes daijeroT, rom adeqvaturad SesaZlebT sakuTari naSromis

redaqtirebas

_ yovelTvis gamoiyeneT sityvaTa procesoris failebi!

_ yuri daugdeT redaqtorebs, maT SeiZleba ar icodnen imdeni enis swav-

lis Sesaxeb ramdenic Tqven, magram Cveulebriv, bevrad ukeTead esmiT re-

daqtireba da wignebis Seqmna.

_ wignis yoveli carieli furceli ZviradRirebulia, gaufrTxildiT mas,

Tqvens mier dasmuli yoveli niSani garkveul mizans unda emsaxurebodes!

_ gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tqvens mier Sedgenili iuniti standartuli mocu-

lobis unda iyos.

_ gaiTvaliswineT, rom iunitis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba mogiwioT ormagi

gverdis principiT muSaoba, romlis mixedviTac, ori gverdi miesadageba erT an

or gakveTils.

_ gaiTvaliswineT, gverdis svetebad dakabadoneba. es xSriad ufro

fleqsiuria da TvalisaTvis advilad aRsaqmeli, mozrdili wignebis SemTxvevaSi,

aseve, ufro fleqsiuria naxatTan mimarTebaSic.

_ redaqtorTan erTad gadawyviteT, erT gverdze striqonebis raodenobis

sakiTxi. weris procesSi gaiTvaliwineT gverdis dakabadonebac. datoveT adgili

naxatisa da teqstis sxva damxamare masalebisaTvis.

_ Tqveni pirveli monaxazi `Sav furcelze~ sakmarisi ar iqneba, sax-

elmZRvaneloebi xSirad ramdenimes saWiroebs.

_ Tu SesaZlebelia, kolegas sTxoveT Tqveni masalebis gadaxedva,

gaxsovdeT, rom qmniT sxva maswavleblebisaTvis da ara sakuTari TavisaTvis.

_ davalebebis paralelurad, SeadgineT pasuxebic

_ Tu wignis zogadi SinaarsiT kmayofili xarT, xelmeored gadaikiTxeT

igi, calkeuli miznebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogoricaa rubrikebis standartizacia

(da moculobis Semcireba); numeraciisa da dasaTaurebis sistemebis stanarti-

zacia; Cveulebrivi maxasiaTebleblis arsebobis Semowmeba;

_ Tu adgenT kursis saxelmZRvanelos saklaso daniSnulebiT, gaxsovdeT,

rom kidev viRac muSaobs Tanmxleb wignze maswavleblebisaTvis;

_ masalebis Sedgena kolegebis mier gamoyenebisaTvis, SeiZleba SemaSine-

belic ki iyos. TavdacviT pozicias nu airCevT, ecadeT, kritika da sapasuxo

reagireba masalebis Sedgenis procesis arsebiT da faseul mxared ganixiloT.

220

danarTi B: masalebis Seqmnis etapebis magaliTi

_ rac SeiZleba mkafiod gansazRvreT im garemoebebis maxasiaTeblebi,

romlebSic masalebi iqneba gamoyenebuli;

_ gansazRvreT sagamomcemlo parametrebi, romelTa mixedviTac unda

imuSaoT _ saSualebebi, komponentebi, wignis moculoba (kursisaTvis

gankuTvnili dro da gverdebis raodenoba), gverdis zoma, naxatis gamoyenebis

SesaZleblobebi...

_ daadgineT vadebi, gansazRvreT urTierTobebi redaqtorebTan da

gamomcemlebTa a. S.

_ gansazRvreT kursis miznebi da gaakeTeT CamonaTvali;

_ gansazRvreT wignis qvedanayofebi (rogoricaa iunitebi)

_ daajgufeT miznebi iunitis miznebis saxiT

_ gansazRvreT saklaso mecadineobisaTvis gamoyofili, droisa da

gverdebis urTierTmimarTeba

_ Tavi mouyareT werilobiT da sasaubro teqstebs, romlebic iunitSi

Sesatani masalebis birTvad SeiZleba iqces.

_ miiReT zogadi gadawyvetileba gakveTilis struqturasTan dakavSirebiT

da dayaviT iunitis miznebi gakveTilebad (magaliTad, saklaso oTaxSi swavlis

erTi monakveTi) hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs: ra logikuri dasabuTeba moeZebneba

gakveTilebis aseT Tanmimdevrobas iunitSi, ra logikuri dasabuTeba moeZebneba

davalebaTa Tanmimdevrobas, sxvadasxva saxis gakveTilebSi.

_ SeqmeniT masalebis nimuSi, es gansakuTrebiT exeba pirvel da Semdgom

iunitebs.

_ Tu SesaZlebelia SeamowmeT es nimuSi, Tu ara ecadeT komentaris

miRebas im maswavleblebisagan, romlebic kursiT isargebleban.

_ SeqmeniT masalebis pirveli monaxazi `Savi furcelis~ saxiT. Tu qmniT

saxelmZRvanelos sworxazovani gamoyenebisaTvis, umjobesia masalebic ase

daawyoT.

_ CaasworeT masalebi im grZnobebis mixedviT, romlebic dageuflaT ga-

moxmaurebis miRebisas, iswavleT gamoxmaurebaze pozitiurad reagireba, maSinac

ki roca kritika uxeSad geCvenebaT _ es xels Seuwyobs masalebis gaumjobesebas.

_ gadaxedeT mTel teqsts da SeamowmeT: davalebaTa tipebis mravalferov-

neba, aqcentirebuli aspeqtebi moculoba da Sefaseba, personalizaciis SesaZle-

blobaTa xarisxi, teqstebis speqtri, rubrikis sicxade, iunitebis Tanimdevru-

loba, saklaso daniSnulebisa da saxlSi praqtikas dafuZnebuli masalebis

urTierTmimarTeba, vizualuri xibli.

221

_ SeqmeniT masalebis meore monaxazi... Semdeg, momdevno. roca xvdebiT, rom

maTi danaxvac ki aRar gindaT _ xelmeored SeamowmeT da CaaworeT, ganvleT

zedmeti manZili _ es Rirs imad, rom masalebi gamoqveynebuli saxiT ixiloT!

danarTi C: sakontrolo furceli saxelmZRvaneloebis SesarCevad

1. Sinaarsi

_ saxelmZRvanelos avtorebis logikuri dasabuTeba gamoyenebul ma-

salebTan mimarTebaSi ramdenad gasagebia?

_ kursis ZiriTadi miznebi da iunitebi gasagebia?

_ amarTlebs masalebi am miznebs? rogor fiqrobT Semswavlelebi

SesZleben am miznebis miRwevas mocemuli masalebis gamoyenebiT?

_ masalebis miznebi ramdenad miesadageba Tqvens Semswavlelebs?

_ masalebis done Sesabamisia?

_ swavlis gaTvaliswinebuli tempi Sesabamisia?

_ mocemuli Temebi Rirebuli da saintereso iqneba SemswvlelebisaTvis?

2. saSualebebi

_ kursi warmodgenilia Tqveni konteqstisaTvis gamosadegi da praqtikuli

saSualebebiT?

_ xdeba sxvadasxva saSualebebis gamoyeneba unikaluri SesaZleblobe-

bisaTvis?

_ kursis yvela komponenti arsebuli mniSvnelobisaa, Tu zogierTi arCe-

viTia?

3. meTodologia

_ eqvemdebareba iunitebi organziebis raime nimuSs? xdeba gakveTilebis

organizeba mkafiod gansazRvuli saswavlo principebis mixedviT?

_ masalebSi warmodgenili mosazrebebi enasa da swavlasTan dakavSirebiT,

komfortulobis gancdas giqmniT?

_ moicavs masalebi gansxvavebul midgomebs sxvadasxva miznebisaTvis (kom-

penentebi / saSualebebi)?

_ iZleva masalebi swavlisa da dauflebis saSualebas?

_ axali ena adeqvaturad damuSavebulia?

4. Semswavlelis mxardaWera

_ gaTvaliswinebulia masalebSi is resursebi, rac Semswavlelebs

damoukideblad swavlis saSualebas miscems, skolis farglebs gareT?

222

_ mocemulia sasargeblo miTiTebebi?

_ gaTvaliswinebulia masalebi, Semswavlelis ganviTarebisaTvis?

5. maswavleblis mxardaWera

_ uzrunvelyofs masalebi saTanado mxardaWeras, megzurobasa da

ganviTarebas, im maswavleblebisaTvis, romlebmac SeiZleba aRniSnuli masalebiT

imuSaon?

_ aris masalebi sakmarisad fleqsiuri imisaTvis, rom gamocdilma

maswavleblebma SesZlon maTi mravalnairad gamoyeneba? eqvemdebareba isini

Sevseba-damatebas?

_ Seicavs masalebi informacias kulturasa da enaze, rac maswvleblebs

daexmareba?

6. Temebi

_ ramdenad saintereso, mimzidveli da mastimulirebeli SeiZleba iyos

isini SemswavlelebisaTvi?

_ gaTvaliswinebulia maTSi SesaZleblobebi, romlebic SeiZleba

miesadagos SemswavlelTa pirovnul gamocdilebas, gemovnebas?

7. teqstebi

_ ramdenad saintereso SeiZleba iyos isini SemswavlelebisaTvis?

_ ramdenad adeqvaturia isini enis, teqstis tipis, davalebis, a. S. Tval-

sazrisiT?

_ realur teqstebs hgavs?

_ vizualurad mimzidvelia?

8. davalebebi

_ mocemulia davalebaTa tipebis farTo speqtri?

_ iqneba es davalebebi Tqveni SemswavlelebisaTvis Sesaferisi,

saintereso, mastimulirebeli?

_ davalebis tipebi iZleva komunikaciaSi Semswavlelis rolis adeqtva-

turi cvlilebis saSualebas?

_ davalebis tipebi xels uwyobs Semswavlelis kompetenciebisa da

strategiebis agrTve, enobrivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebas?

9. progresis Semowmeba

_ uzrunvelyofs masalebi instrumentebs progresis Sesamowmeblad?

_ xelmisawvdomia damatebiTi teqstebi?

_ arsebobs masalebTan dakavSirebuli raime saxis gare gamocdebi?

223

bibliografia

A Common European Framework of reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment Council of Europe (2001) Cambridge University Press.

Council for Cultural Co-operation (Eds) 1992. Transparency and coherence in language learning in Europe. Report on the Rushlikon Symposium.

Council of Europe HOPKINS, A AND POTTER, J. 1994. Look Ahead 1, Classroom Course, Longman. SCRIVENER, J. 1994. Learning Teaching. Heinemann. SWALES, J. 1990. Genre Analysis. Cambridge University Press. UR, P.1996. A Course in Language Teaching. Cambridge University press. VAN EK, JA, AND TRIM , JLM. 1991. Waystage 1990. Council of Europe. VAN EK, JA, AND TRIM, JLM 1991. Threshold Level 1990. Council of Europe. WILLIS, J 1996. A Framework for Task-based Learing. Longman.

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Documents

enaTa flobis zogadevropuli kompetenciebi: Seswavla, swavleba