swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa ...€¦ · 1 am proeqtis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informaciisaTvis gaecaniT xuTi wignisagan Semdgari seriis pirvel nawils. 2 ixileT

cxovreba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi

swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb _ sagakveTilo gegmebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis sabazo safexurisaTvis

avtorebi: rolf golobi, ted hudlestoni, piter krafi, don rouvi, uim taelmani

wigni III

eqvsi wignisagan Semdgari seriidan, romelic exeba swavlebas demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb

swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb

swavlebis procesi, cnebebi, meTodebi da modelebi

wignSi warmodgenili mosazrebebi ekuTvniT avtorebs da ar asaxavs evrosabWos oficialur pozicias.

mTargmneli: maia Canqseliani

redaqtori: naTia nacvliSvili

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: giorgi bagrationi

ilustraciebi: peti viskemani

ydis dizaini: evrosabWos grafikuli dizainis jgufi

© Council of Europe

yvela ufleba daculia. am gamocemis nebismieri nawilis eleqtronuli, meqanikuri, fotografiuli an nebismieri saxiT reproduqcia dauSvebelia komunikaciebis direq-toratis sajaro informaciisa da gamocemebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe (el. fostis misamarTi: [email protected]; veb-gverdi: http://book.coe.int).

pirveli qarTuli gamocema

`maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri~, 2009.

wigni gamodis evrosabWos mxardaWeriT. Targmanis xarisxze pasuxismgebelia `maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri~.

Tbilisi, 0102, uznaZis q. 52.tel: (+995) 91 14 53, 95 13 02/04veb-gverdi: www.tpdc.ge el-fosta: [email protected]

ISBN 978-9941-0-1559-5 _ eqvsive wignis

ISBN 978-9941-0-1560-1

sarCevi

gverdi

Sesavali .............................................................................................................................5

saxelmZRvanelos konceptualuri CarCo: ZiriTadi cnebebi ..................................... 11

pirveli nawili _ pirovneba da Temi ............................................................................... 19

Tavi 1. stereotipebi da crurwmenebi: ra aris TviTmyofadoba? rogor aRviqvam sxvebs da rogor aRmiqvamen isini? ....................................... 21

Tavi 2. Tanasworoba: Tqven Cemze meti uflebebi gaqvT? .......................................... 35

Tavi 3. mravalferovneba da pluralizmi. rogor SeiZleba adamianebma erTad, mSvidobianad icxovron? .................................................. 53

Tavi 4. konfliqti. rogor viqceviT, roca ar veTanxmebiT? .................................... 75

meore nawili _ pasuxismgeblobis aReba ......................................................................... 93

Tavi 5. uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi. ra uflebebi gvaqvs da rogor xdeba am uflebaTa dacva? ........................... 95

Tavi 6. pasuxismgebloba. ra pasuxismgeblobebi gvakisria? .................................... 121

mesame nawili _ monawileoba ......................................................................................... 135

Tavi 7. saskolo gazeTi. rogor iqmneba media? ........................................................ 137

meoTxe nawili _ Zalaufleba da uflebamosileba ...................................................... 149

Tavi 8. wesebi da kanonebi. ra tipis wesebi sWirdeba sazogadoebas? .................... 151

Tavi 9. mTavroba da politika. rogori unda iyos qveynis mmarTveloba? ............ 167

3

5

Sesavali

ras gvTavazobs es wigni?

winamdebare wigni evrosabWoSi Semavali qveynebis maswavleblebis, maswavlebelTa trenerebis, saswavlo gegmebis specialistebis, saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis redaq-torebisa da mTargmnelebisaTvisaa momzadebuli. nebadarTulia am wignis Targmna da qveynis ganaTlebis sistemis saWiroebebze morgeba.

wigni cxra Tavisagan Sedgeba da exeba swavlebas demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb. TiToeuli Tavi oTx gakveTils moicavs. es gakveTilebi gankuTvnilia sabazo safexuris damamTavrebeli klasebisaTvis (ZiriTadad, me-8 da me-9 klasebi, damokidebulia qveynis ganaTlebis sistemaze). wignis TiToeuli Tavi exeba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis iseT cnebaTagan erT-erTs, rogorebicaa: pirovnuloba _ Tavisufleba _ pasuxismgebloba _ konfliqti _ komunikacia _ pluralizmi _ wesebi da kanonebi _ Tanasworoba _ qveynis marTva.

TiToeuli gakveTilis aRwera swavlebis etapebis Tanmimdevrobis Sesaxeb gvawvdis informacias. yvela Tavi danarTis formiT moicavs maswavleblis mier moswavle-TaTvis dasarigebel samuSao furclebs. Sesabamisad, saxelmZRvanelo maswavleble-bzea gaTvlili, da ara moswavleebze. maswavlebelTa treningebis Sedegad miRebuli gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom damwyebi maswavleblebi yovelTvis gamoxataven survils, miiRon gakveTilis detaluri gegmebi. imedi gvaqvs, rom gamocdili maswavleblebisT-visac sasargeblo iqneba am wignSi warmodgenili ideebi da masalebi. maswavlebelTa trenerebma winamdebare wigni SeiZleba gamoiyenon saxelmZRvanelod demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis treningebis momzadebisas.

es wigni pirvelad bosnia-hercogovinaSi gamoica (2002 w.) axali saskolo sa-gnis _ demokratia da adamianis uflebebi _ damxmare saxelmZRvanelod. 1992 wli-dan moyolebuli, evrosabWo CarTulia demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis sferoebSi maswavlebelTa da trenerTa gadamzadebis proeqtebSi. es proeqtebi omis Semdgom samSvidobo process uwyobs xels. am wignis avtorebi da pirveli gamocemis redaqtorebi proeqtSi monawile saerTaSoriso tre-nerebis gundis wevrebi iyvnen. proeqtis farglebSi ganvaxorcieleT maswavlebelTa da trenerTa gadamzadeba, SevimuSaveT saswavlo masalebi; am ukanasknelTa ricxvSi iyo winamdebare wignis pirveli redaqciac, romelic momzadda rogorc maswavle-belTa gadamzadebis, aseve klasSi gamoyenebis mizniT.1

ra midgomebiT gamoirCeva swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da

adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb?

azrisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba demokratiuli sazogadoebis qvakuTxedia.2 mo-swavleebs imis gaazrebaSi unda davexmaroT, Tu ras gulisxmobs Tavisufali azris gamoxatva. moswavleebma unda icodnen, Tu rogor icavs maTi konstitucia maT ufle-bas, rom gamoxaton Tavisufali azri (es aris codnis miReba da gaazreba). gamomdinare iqidan, rom am uflebis gamoyenebazea damokidebuli pirovnebaTa monawileoba demokra-

1 am proeqtis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informaciisaTvis gaecaniT xuTi wignisagan Semdgari seriis pirvel nawils.

2 ixileT adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, 10 dekemberi, 1948 weli, muxli 19; adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia, 4 noemberi, 1950, muxli 10.

6


tiul sazogadoebaSi, moswavleebma, aseve, unda iswavlon sazogadoebaSi kamaTis wesebi (es aris unarebis ganviTareba da kompetenciis Camoyalibeba). da bolos, azrisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba safuZvels uyris Ria, pluralistur sazogadoebas. aseT sa-zogadoebaSi interesTa/azrTa sxvadasxvaoba da konkurencia sayovelTao normaa, da ara gamonaklisi. arsebobs konfliqtebic, romlebic araZaladobrivi gziT unda gad-aiWras. konfliqturi situaciebis mogvarebisaTvis gamoiyeneba kamaTi, molaparakeba, garigeba, rogorc sajarod, ise daxurul kars miRma. Ria, pluralisturi sazogadoeba emyareba mkacrad gansazRvrul wesebsa da Zlier instituciebs, romlebic am wesebis dacvis garantad gvevlinebian. aseTi sazogadoeba, pirvel yovlisa, moqalaqeTa iseT saerTo Rirebulebebs efuZneba, rogorebicaa: Semwynarebloba; urTierTpativiscema; araZaladobrioba; unari, Tvali gausworo problemur, sakamaTo situaciebs, sadac saboloo gadawyvetileba ar aris miRebuli. Tu politikuri gadawyvetilebebis miReba demokratiul Rirebulebs efuZneba, sazogadoeba yovelTvis gadalaxavs mwvave uTanx-moebebs konkretul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT da miaRwevs SeTanxmebas. Sesabamisad, az-ris gamoxatvis Tavisufleba mTavrobisaTvis safrTxes sulac ar warmoadgens. piriqiT, sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli azris gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis kultura mTavrobas samarTliani da efeqturi gamosavlis moZebnaSi exmareba.

demokratias kulturuli ganzomileba aqvs; politikuri mecnierebis TeoriaSi am kulturul ganzomilebas im dauwerel socialur kontraqtad aRiqvamen, romel-sac qveynis TiToeuli moqalaqe awers xels. yoveli axali Taoba gaazrebulad unda daeTanxmos am dauwereli socialuri kontraqtis pirobebs, riTac sazogadoebis Rirebulebebs gaiziarebs (Rirebulebebisa da damokidebulebebis ganviTareba).

ase rom, swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlis procesis integracias sam ganzomilebaSi axdens:

codna da gaazreba (SemecnebiTi ganzomileba);•

unarebis ganviTareba da kompetenciis Camoyalibeba;•

Rirebulebebisa da damokidebulebebis ganviTareba.•

es modeli, zogadad, ganaTlebas miesadageba da, Sesabamisad, mkiTxvelisaTvis SeiZleba nacnobi aRmoCndes. mogexsenebaT, rom maRal klasebSi SemecnebiT ganzo-milebaze metismetad Zlieri aqcenti keTdeba xolme. sainteresoa, rogor pasuxobs am gamowvevas swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb? sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Tu moswavle zemoTwarmodgenil sam ganzomilebas unda daeuflos, rogori unda iyos maswavleblis roli am procesSi?

swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb:

ZiriTadi principebi

demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavleba aerTianebs sam ganzomilebas ise, rom klasSi swavlis process mWidrod akavSirebs yoveldRiur cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan. swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adami-anis uflebaTa Sesaxeb moicavs sam didaqtikur midgomas:

swavla demokratiisa da adamianis uflebaTa • Sesaxeb;

• yoveldRiuri saskolo gamocdileba, rogorc demokratiisa da adamianis uflebaTa gaazrebis saSualeba;

swavla demokratiisa da adamianis uflebebisa• Tvis.

es sami didaqtikuri midgoma erTian mTels qmnis. swavlebis procesi am samive midgomas moicavs; qvemoT detalurad ganvixilavT TiToeuls.

7

Sesavali

swavla demokratiisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb

swavla demokratiisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb gulisxmobs saskolo sagans samoqalaqo ganaTlebaSi. sityvas Sesaxeb swavlis SemecnebiTi ganzomileba Semohyavs. demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis saswavlo gegmis standartebi moicavs Semdeg komponentebs: moswavles SeuZlia Camoayalibos demokratiis ZiriTadi principebi da axsnas, riT gansxvavdeba demokratia diqtato-ruli, an oligarqiuli wyobebisagan; moswavlem icis adamianis uflebaTa istoriisa da masTan dakavSirebuli tradiciebis Sesaxeb; mas SeuZlia, axsnas, Tu rogor aisax-eba adamianis uflebebi qveynis konstituciaSi, rac am uflebebs samoqalaqo ufle-bebad aqcevs da maT ufro mkacr dacvas uzrunvelyofs. ase rom, saswavlo gegma unda moicavdes kursebs demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb iseve, rogorc monaTesave sagnebs: istorias, socialur mecnierebebsa da ekonomikas.

yoveldRiuri saskolo gamocdileba, rogorc demokratiisa da adamianis uflebaTa gaazrebis saSualeba

moswavleebma ara mxolod unda icodnen sakuTar uflebaTa Sesaxeb, aramed unda SeeZloT maTi gamoyeneba. amisaTvis aucilebelia, moswavleebma monawileoba miiRon skolaSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi da praqtikuli gamocdileba SeiZinon. magaliTad, maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda misces saSualeba, gamoxaton TavianTi azrebi ara mxolod klasSi ganxiluli masalis Sesaxeb, aramed, zogadad, swavlebis procesisa da skolis marTvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiTac. Tu demokratiuli mo-qalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebas am kuTxiT SevxedavT, isini iqcevian saxelmZRvanelo pedagogiur principebad, rac ukve mTel skolas moicavs, da ara mxolod demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavleb-isaTvis specialurad gadamzadebul maswavleblebs. iseTi adamianuri Rirebulebebis gaazreba, rogorebicaa TanagrZnoba da pasuxismgebloba, mxolod praqtikuli gziT miiRweva. am SemTxvevaSi udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba yvela sagnis maswavlebels, romelic moswavleebisaTvis sanimuSo unda iyos da sxvadasxva adamianuri Rirebuleba unda ganasaxieros. skolaSi miRebuli gamocdileba adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb miRebul sistematizirebul codnaze (swavla adamianis uflebaTa da demokratiis Sesaxeb) unda aisaxebodes da mas unda ukavSirdebodes. demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavleba am orive ganzomilebas moicavs. Sesabamisad, msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, rom saswavlo gegmaSi samoqalaqo ganaTleba, rogorc sagani, unda Caanacvlos demokratiasa da adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebulma ganzogade-bulma pedagogiurma principma, mcdaria.

swavla demokratiisa da adamianis uflebebisaTvis

es didaqtikuri midgoma exeba skolis periodSi miRebuli gamocdilebis kavSirs adamianis Semdgom cxovrebasTan. Cven gvesmis, rom pirovnebis saskolo cxovreba mniSvnelovania zogadi da politikuri socializaciis TvalsazrisiT. skolis perio-di aris adamianis cxovrebis nawili. gamocdileba, romelsac adamiani skolaSi iRebs, xSirad zrdasrul cxovrebaSic meordeba: genderuli uTanasworoba, Temis wevre-bis gaerTianeba sxvadasxva eTnikuri Tu socialuri niSnis mixedviT, ZaladobasTan gamklaveba, pasuxismgeblobis aReba, Zalauflebis araTanabari ganawileba, resurse-bis simwire (fulis, drois), wesebisa da kanonebis morCileba, daTmobaze wasvla. roca demokratiisa da adamianis uflebebisaTvis swavlaze vsaubrobT, vgulisxmobT ganaTlebis mniSvnelobas zrdasruli adamianis cxovrebisaTvis. yvela sagnis maswav-

8


leblis valia, daexmaros moswavleebs, raTa am ukanasknelT ganuviTardeT sazoga-doebriv cxovrebaSi aqtiuri monawileobis unarebi, magaliTad, unari imisa, rom sakuTari azri mokled da naTlad Camoayalibon.

skolaSi moswavleebs SeuZliaT, gaecnon realur cxovrebas. skola cxovrebaa, da ara izolirebuli adgili, sadac adamianebi mxolod akademiur codnas euflebian. skola is mikroTemia, romelic mTliani sazogadoebis models warmoadgens.3 skola SeiZleba ukeTesi, ufro demokratiuli sazogadoebis modeladac ki aRviqvaT, radgan skolis sazogadoebas aqvs SesaZlebloba, gacilebiT aqtiurad CaerTos gadawyvetile-bebis miRebis procesSi skolis doneze, vidre skolis gareT SeZlebda. demokrati-isa da adamianis uflebebisaTvis swavla niSnavs imis gaazrebas, Tu rogor unda mi-iRo monawileoba Temis cxovrebaSi. yoveldRiuri saskolo gamocdileba ki, rogorc demokratiisa da adamianis uflebaTa gaazrebis saSualeba, gulisxmobs, rom Tems demokratiuli principebi marTavs, sadac adamianis uflebebi pedagogiuri saxelmZ-Rvanelo principebia. demokratia politikur kulturas emyareba; es ukanaskneli mo-swavleebma saskolo gamocdilebisa da am gamocdilebis analizis saSualebiT unda gaiTavison (swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb).

zogadad, swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb mTeli skolis reformirebas gulisxmobs, raSic CarTulni arian rogorc maswavleble-bi, ise skolis direqcia. winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo ki exeba swavlebas demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb konkretul saswavlo sagnad. ganaTleb-is reforma mravali elementisagan Sedgeba da Sedegebi, rogorc wesi, gansxvavebulia sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. reformis pirveli etapi swored saklaso oTaxSi unda daiwyos, sadac maswavleblebi iReben gadawyvetilebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu risi Secvla surT. am TvalsazrisiT, meToduri da Sinaarsobrivi sakiTxebi Zalian mniSvnelovania.


meTodikis kavSiri Sinaarsobriv mxaresTan

swavla aqtiuri procesia da am process yvela moswavle gansxvavebulad udgeba (swavlis konstruqtivistuli cneba). gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas moswavle mxolod xSiri praqtikiT eufleba. moqmedebs Semdegi principi: `gamoiyene, an dakarge~ es ufleba. es principi imas gulisxmobs, rom moswavle, romelic xSirad ar iyenebs gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas, am unars kargavs. yvela maswavleblis movaleobaa, Seuqmnas moswavleebs iseTi saswavlo garemo da misces iseTi davalebebi, romelic maT swavlis procesSi daexmareba. magaliTad, maswavlebels SeuZlia prezentaciebis, diskusiebis, debatebis, posterebis, xelovnebis nimuSebisa da videoklipebis gamoyeneba.

Cven yuradRebas vamaxvilebT iseT meTodebze, romlebic proeqtis Sesrulebaze orientirebul, interaqtiul da TanamSromlobiT swavlas uwyoben xels. roca moswav-leebi davalebis Sesrulebis gzebs ikvleven da problemebis gadaWris gzebs eZeben, isi-ni gacilebiT mets swavloben, vidre maswavleblis mier swavlebis tradiciuli meTo-dis4 gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi. interaqtiuli da TanamSromlobiTi swavleba TiToeuli moswavlis swavlis saWiroebebis ufro ukeT gaTvaliswinebis saSualebasac iZleva. am wignSi warmodgenili masala cxadyofs, Tu rogor SeiZleba proeqtis Sesrulebaze orientirebuli swavleba konkretuli Temebisa Tu sagnebis swavlisas gamoviyenoT. sagulisxmoa, rom swavlebis tradiciuli meTodi ar warmoadgens interqatiuli swav-lebis alternativas. xarisxiani swavleba orives meTodis elementebs unda moicavdes

3 am mosazrebas safuZvels uyrian diui (skola, rogorc `sazogadoeba embrionul stadiaSi”) da fon henTingi (`skola, rogorc qalaqi-saxelmwifo”).

4 swavlebis tradiciul meTodad movixseniebT saleqcio formatiT swavlebas, roca drois ZiriTadi nawili maswavleblis saubars eTmoba; nebismier diskusias, aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, srulad warmarTavs da akontrolebs maswavlebeli (mTargmnelis SeniSvna).

9

Sesavali

da amas wignSi warmodgenili gakveTilebis aRwerebic adasturebs.

demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis mTavari amocana: moqalaqis CarTuloba

demokratiuli sazogadoebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi

swavla swavleba meTodebi skola

codna da gaazreba

unarebi

damokide-bulebebi da Rirebule-bebi

swavleba_ demokratiisa da adami-

anis uflebaTa Sesaxeb _ rogorc yoveldRiuri

saskolo gamocdileba, rogorc demokratiisa da adamianis uflebaTa gaazrebis saSualeba

_ demokratiisa da adami-anis uflebebisaTvis

demokratia da adamianis uflebebi

_ proeqtis Sesrule-baze orientirebuli

_ interaqtiuli_ TanamSromlobiTi

swavla

es meTodebi kombinire-bulia maswavleblis mxridan:_ swavlebasTan_ dakvalianebasTan_ varjiSTan_ demonstrirebasTan

`skola, ro-gorc mikro-sazogadoeba~

realuri cxovrebis gamocdileba skolaSi

proeqtis Sesrulebaze orientirebuli meTodi drois saTanado dagegmvas saWiroebs. Tu maswavleblis mizania, moswavleTaTvis meti SesaZleblobebis micema, man naklebi unda ilaparakos da meti moqnilobiT unda moekidos moswavleTa saswav-lo saWiroebebs. interaqtiuli swavlebac karg momzadebasa da dagegmvas saWiroebs. Sesabamisad, es ori meTodi ufro met dros moiTxovs maswavleblisagan, vidre swav-lebis tradiciuli meTodi. amitomac gasakviri araa, rom es ukanaskneli jer kidev sakmaod popularulia maswavleblebSi. kvlevebis Sedegebi ki aCvenebs, rom interaq-tiul swavlebaze gadasvla aucilebelia swavlebis Sedegebis gasaumjobeseblad.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom maswavleblebisagan interaqtiuli swavleba sxvadasxva rolis Sesrulebasa da met moqnilobas moiTxovs, es wigni swored maT dasaxmare-bladaa Seqmnili. maswavlebeli aris mTavari monawile, radgan pasuxismgebelia mo-swavleTa sxvadasxva SesaZleblobiT, davalebiTa da sainformacio saSualebiT uz-runvelyofaze.

ra aris Cveni mTavari mizani?

demokratiuli sistema demokratiuli Rirebulebebis mqone aqtiuri moqalaqee-bis arsebobazea damokidebuli. demokratiuli qveynis TiToeulma moqalaqem unda Seiswavlos sakuTari uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi; is unda erkveodes demokrati-isaTvis damaxasiaTebel rTul instituciur sistemaSi. sajaro diskusiebSi monawile-obis misaRebad, adamianebs sajaro gamosvlisa da molaparakebis warmoebis unarebi sWirdebaT. Cveni mizania, axalgazrdebs aqtiur moqalaqeebad CamoyalibebaSi davexma-roT da amiT demokratias sicocxle SevunarCunoT. demokratia ver iarsebebs konsti-tuciiT daculi instituciuri sistemis arsebobis gareSe. ufro metic, am sistemas sazogadoebriv kulturaSi unda hqondes fesvi gadgmuli. Cven swored am kulturuli ganzomilebis gaZlierebisTvis vmuSaobT. amitomac evrosabWom, bosnia-hercogovinas

10


samSvidobo procesis farglebSi, ganaxorciela maswavlebelTa gadamzdebis programa demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis sferoSi.

es wigni me-8 da me-9 klaseli moswavleebis maswavleblebisTvisaa dawerili. ada-mianis mier axali codnisa da unarebis aTviseba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli im codnasa da unarebze, romelic adamians swavlis dawyebisas gaaCnia, aseve im cxovre-biseul gamocdilebaze, romelic man wlebis manZilze SeiZina. am wignSi warmodge-nili masala demokratiis kulturul ganzomilebas exeba, xolo Semdegi wigni (IV) ki _ demokratiis politikur da instituciur ganzomilebebs.5


èvropuli midgoma~

es wigni demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebi-sadmi zogadevropuli damokidebulebis gamomxatvelia. wignis momzadebis idea da misi pirveli versia bosnia-hercogovinaSi gaCnda; am procesSi araerTi maswavlebeli da ganaTlebis specialisti iRebda monawileobas. wignis avtorebs swavlebis meTod-ologiebi da tradiciebi iseTi qveynebidan mohyavT, rogorebicaa: didi britaneTisa da CrdiloeT irlandiis gaerTianebuli samefo, belgia, Sveicaria da germania. am gamocemis momzadebisas, mxardaWera aRmogviCines q-nma olof olafsdotirma da q-nma sara kiTing-CeTvindma evrosabWodan, aseve q-nma sabrina marunCedum da doqtor-ma viltrud vedingerma curixSi mdebare ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso proeqtebis cen-tridan. q-nma anjela doulma (evrosabWo) waikiTxa wignis saboloo varianti. b-nma peti viskermanma ki ilustraciebi moamzada; es ilustraciebi met mniSvnelobas sZens wignSi warmodgenil masalas. madlobas vuxdiT avtorebs, ilustraciebis Semqmnelsa da recenzentebs mxardaWerisaTvis. gansakuTrebuli madlierebiT gvinda aRvniS-noT saraevoSi evrosabWos proeqtebis koordinatoris b-ni emir adzovicis wvlili, romelmac didi daxmareba aRmogviCina muSaobis procesSi; misi CarTulobis gareSe es wigni dRis sinaTles ver naxavda. aseve, madlobas vuxdiT q-n heTer korants adminis-traciuli sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi TanadgomisaTvis. madloba yvela partniors, rom maT am WeSmaritad evropuli proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi Seitanes wvlili.

strasburgi, 2008 wlis aprili

rolf golobi (ciurixi, Sveicaria)

piter krafi (vaingarTeni, germania)

5 demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb yvela asakis moswavles SeiZleba vas-wavloT. magram aucilebelia moswavleTa gamocdilebisa da codnis gaTvaliswineba. `bavSvTa ufle-bebis Sesaxeb ganaTlebis saxelmZRvanelo~ (swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb, wigni V) warmoadgens im didaqtikur midgomebs, romelTa gamoyenebac mizanSe-wonilia skolamdeli aRzrdis asakidan me-8 klasamde.

11

wignSi gamoyenebuli ZiriTadi cnebebidemokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis ZiriTadi cnebebi: ra unda hqondes gaazrebuli aqtiur moqalaqes

orientirebulia ra cnebebze, am wignSi viyenebT klasikur didaqtikur midgomas. miuxedavad imisa, rom cnebebi Teoriidan gamomdinareobs, swavlasa da swavlebaSi cnebebi sistemur Teoriul CarCos ar qmnian. cnebebis SerCeva imitomaa saWiro, rom isini moswavlisaTvis sasargeblo saSualebas warmoadgenen.

cneba struqturirebul SemecnebiT sqemas iZleva, rac moswavles axali infor-maciis arsebul konteqstTan dakavSirebasa da mis ukeT damaxsovrebaSi exmare-ba (konstruqtivistuli swavla). es gansakuTrebiT im faqtebsa da ricxvebs exeba, romelTa zepirad daswavlac moswavleebs cnebebis gamouyeneblobis SemTxvevaSi mouwevdaT. aseve, cnebebi adamians exmareba gazeTis kiTxvisas, an axali ambebis mos-menisas imdenad, ramdenadac sakiTxi mniSvnelovani mxolod maSin xdeba, roca raime cnebas ukavSirdeba, rogorebicaa, magaliTad: demokratia, Zalaufleba, konfliq-ti, pasuxismgebloba. ase rom, cnebebi informirebuli moqalaqis ganaTlebisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania. cnebebis mniSvnelovneba mxolod SemecnebiTi codnis struq-turirebiT ar Semoifargleba; maTi gamoyeneba saWiroa Rirebulebebisa da unarebis Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. am wignSi warmodgenili masalebi yovelive ze-moTqmulis dadasturebaa.

moswavleebi, romlebic SekiTxvebs wignSi ganmartebuli cnebebis mixedviT das-vamen, ufro momzadebulebi iqnebian axal informaciasTan da axal problemebTan samuSaod (mTeli cxovrebis manZilze ganaTleba). cnebebze dafuZnebuli swavleba moswavleebs Semdgomi akademiuri ganaTlebisTvisac amzadebs, roca maT konkretuli Teoriebis ganviTareba unda SeZlon, romlebic axal cnebebs Cauyrian safuZvels.

rogor esmiT da rogor iyeneben moswavleebi axal cnebebs?

swavla da msjeloba konkretulis abstraqtulTan dakavSirebas gulisxmobs. cnebebi analizisa da msjelobis abstraqtul, ganzogadebul Sedegs warmoadgenen. moswavlem cneba SeiZleba ori midgomis gamoyenebiT gaiazros. esenia: deduqcia da induqcia. deduqciuli midgoma iwyeba cnebiT, romelsac moswavle leqciidan an teqstidan iRebs da mas konkretul problemas usadagebs. induqciuri midgoma sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT viTardeba _ iwyeba konkretuliT da bolovdeba ab-straqtuliT. mkiTxveli dainaxavs, rom winamdebare wignis avtorebi, ZiriTadad, in-duqciur midgomas iyeneben.

am wignSi ZiriTadi cnebebis axsna konkretuli magaliTebiT iwyeba. roca moswav-leebi magaliTebs ganixilaven, isini kiTxuloben, Tu ra cneba akavSirebs da gana-zogadebs am magaliTebs. maswavleblis gadasawyvetia, ra dros miawodos moswavleebs axali cneba.

cnebebi masalis gaazrebis saSualebebs warmoadgenen. rac ufro xSirad iyen-ebs moswavle ama Tu im cnebas, miT ufro ukeTesad swvdeba mis Sinaarss da ukeTe-sad ukavSirebs mocemul cnebas sxva cnebebsa da magaliTebs. imis nacvlad, rom, ubralod, axali faqtebi daiswavlon, moswavleebs SeuZliaT, axali masala garkveul cnebebsa da CarCoebs daukavSiron.

12


rogor SeiZleba movargoT es wigni konkretuli moswavlis/ qveynis moTxovnebsa da interesebs?

TiToeuli Tavi konkretulidan abstraqtulisaken viTardeba. moswavleebsa da maswavleblebs wigni swavlisa da swavlebis sxvadasxva saSualebas sTavazobs. wignSi moyvanili masalis praqtikuli gamoyeneba ukve zogadis konkretizacias gu-lisxmobs; process, romelic mTlianad maswavlebelsa da moswavleebzea mindobili. wignis praqtikaSi danergvis dros gasaTvaliswinebelia moswavleTa swavlis saWiroe-bebi da interesebi, mocemuli qveynis ganaTlebis sistemis instituciuri mowyobis Taviseburebebi da saganmanaTleblo tradiciebi.

wignis sxvadasxva Tavi politikur wignierebas, unarebis ganviTarebasa da damok-idebulebebis Camoyalibebas exeba. magaliTebi, romlebic wignSia warmodgenili, rome-lime konkretuli qveynis realobas an romelime konkretul dros ar ukavSirdeba. ufro metic, xSirad waawydebiT rCevas, rom moswavlem an maswavlebelma misi qveynis konteqstisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli magaliTebi unda moiZios. vTxovT redaqtorebsa da mTargmnelebs, gaiTvaliswinon Cveni es Canafiqri. TiToeuli qveyana Tavad aviTarebs demokratiis miseul tradiciebs, romlebic saxelmwifos kulturuli da socialur ganviTarebis Taviseburebebs ukavSirdeba. Sesabamisad, demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis tradiciac TiToeuli qveynisaTvis gansxvavebu-lad ganviTardeba. am or TemasTan dakavSirebuli saganmanaTleblo sakiTxebis ganmapi-robebeli faqtorebi iqneba: ganaTlebis sistemis maxasiaTeblebi, politikuri sistemis instituciuri CarCoebi, politikuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis Taviseburebebi.

romel ZiriTad cnebebs moicavs es wigni?

moyvanili diagrama gviCvenebs im ZiriTad cnebebs, romlebic am wignis cxra TavSia mo-cemuli.

demokratia diagramis centrSia da mian-iSnebs imaze, rom es cneba demokratiuli mo-qalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis yvela konteqstSi gvxvdeba. aq-tiuri moqalaqeebis demokratiul proces-ebSi monawileoba demokratiuli moqalaqeo-bisaTvis ganaTlebisa da adamianis uflebe-bis Sesaxeb swavlebis ZiriTadi mizania; es cnebebic naTladaa gamoyofili.

Semdegi wre moicavs demokratiis sam ganmsazRvrel komponents: uflebebi, pa-suxismgeblobebi da samarTlianoba. es sami cneba urTierTdamokidebulia da warmate-buli demokratiis aucilebel pirobas war-moadgens.

moqalaqeebs unda hqondeT SesaZlebloba, isargeblon sakuTari uflebebiT da monawileoba miiRon sazogadoebrivi gadaw-yvetilebebis miRebis procesSi. saubaria iseT uflebebze, rogorebicaa: xmis micemis, azris gamoxatvis, presis Tavisuflebis, kanonTan Tanasworobis da umravlesobis mier gadaw-

demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis ganaTlebisa da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb swavlebis ZiriTadi cnebebis diagrama

garemosdacviTi sakiTxebi

moraluri sakiTxebi

socialuri sakiTxebi

ekonomikuri sakiTxebi

iuridiuli sakiTxebi

politikuri sakiTxebi

wesebi/ kanonebi

Zalaufleba/ avtoriteti

Tanaswo roba/mravalferov

neba

TanamSromloba/ konfliqti

pirovneba/Temi

ufleb

ebi

samarTlianoba

pasuxismgeblobebi

demokratia

ZiriTadi mizani

monawileoba/ aqtiuri moqalaqeebi

13

wignSi gamoyenebuli ZiriTadi cnebebi

yvetilebis miRebis uflebebi. demokratia konkurencias gulisxmobs. xarisxiani saqon-lisa da momsaxurebis simwiridan gamomdinare, konkurencia arsebobs interesebs, ideeb-sa da Rirebulebebs Soris. sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesze zegavlenis SesaZleblobebi araTanabaria; sazogadoebaSi, zogadad, araTan-abradaa gadanawilebuli resursebi, romlebic adamianTa keTildReobas uzrunvelyofs. socialuri da ekonomikuri uTanasworobis gamosworeba politikuri sakiTxia (social-uri samarTlianoba). moqalaqeebs unda SeeZloT TavianT uflebaTa gamoyeneba sakuTari interesebis dasacavad, magram Temi ver gadarCeba, Tu mis wevrebs ar aqvT gaazrebuli erTmaneTisa da zogad interesebze zrunvis aucilebloba (pasuxismgebloba). es dia-grama cxadyofs, rom cnebebi damoukideblad ki ar arseboben, aramed erTmaneTTan arian dakavSirebuli; cnebaTa makavSireblebs ki saTanado gaazreba da dabalanseba sWirdeba.

cnebebi, romlebic gare wreSia moqceuli, ZiriTad cnebebsa da erTmaneTs sxva-dasxvanairad miemarTeba.

isrebi ki im sferoebze mianiSneben, romlebze muSaobis drosac am cnebebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba. es sferoebia: moraluri, socialuri, ekonomikuri, iuridiuli, politikuri da garemosdacviTi.

swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb: ZiriTadi cnebebi da swavlis ganzomilebebi

ZiriTadi cnebebi mWidrod ukavSirdeba swavlis ganzomilebebs. rogorc SesavalSi aRiniSna, swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swav-lis procesis integracias sam ganzomilebaSi axdens. qvemoT warmodgenili cxrili aCvenebs, Tu ra principiT gavaerTianeT Tavebi nawilebad da rogor dagvexmareba wignSi warmodgenili Tavebi demokratiis Sesaxeb, demokratiisaTvis swavlaSi iseve, rogorc yoveldRiuri saskolo gamocdilebis demokratiisa da adamianis uflebaTa gaazrebis saSualebad qcevaSi. wignSi warmodgenili masala oTx nawilad iyofa, es-enia: pirovneba da Temi, pasuxismgeblobis aReba, monawileoba da Zalaufleba da uflebamosileba. am nawilebSi gaerTianebuli Tavebi mTlian kurss qmnian. pirveli nawili pirovnebis cnebiT iwyeba, rac Temis cnebis ganxilvaze gadadis da Semdeg sakiTxebs moicavs: socialuri TanamSromloba, stereotipebi, mravalferovneba da pluralizmi, pluralizmi da konfliqti. meore nawili TemSi pasuxismgeblobis ganawilebas ukavSirdeba. mesame nawilis meSvide Tavi (gazeTis gamocema) damoukide-belia. es Tavi yvelaze metad uaxlovdeba TemSi aqtiuri pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs. meoTxe Tavi kanondeblobisa da politikis sakiTxebs exeba, rogorc zogadad, ise moswavleTa parlamentis doneze.

Tavi saxelwodeba ZiriTadi cneba

demokratia, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa gaazrebis saSualeba, swavleba demokratiis Sesaxeb, swavleba demokratiisaTvis

demokratiis Sesaxeb swavleba

demokratia _ adamianis uflebaTa gaazrebis saSualeba

demokratiisaTvis swavleba

pirveli nawili: pirovneba da Temi

1 stereotipebi da crurwmenebi: ra aris TviTmyo-fadoba? rogor aRviqvam sxvebs da rogor aRmiqvamen isini?

TviTmyo-fadoba

pirovneba da Temi

stereoti-pebi,crurwmenebi,pirovnulo-ba da jgu-furoba

sxvadasxva midg-omis gamoyeneba

stereoti-pebisa da crurwmenebis Secnoba da ganxilva

14







2 Tanasworoba: Tqven Cemze meti uflebebi gaqvT?

Tanaswo-roba

diskri-minacia

socia-luri samarTli-anoba

diskrimina-cia sazogadoe-baSi

Tanaswo-roba, rogorc adamianis ufleba

gansxvavebebisa da msgavsebebis da-faseba

diskriminaciis msxverplTa midg-omis gaziareba

diskrimi-naciasTan dakavSirebuli situaciebis analizi

moraluri midgoma

3 mravalferovneba da pluralizmi. rogor SeiZleba adamianebma er-Tad, mSvidobianad icxovron?

mravalf-erovneba

plural-izmi

demokra-tia

plura lizmi da misi CarCoebi

Tanabar uf-lebi anoba da ganaTleba

daucvelTa interese-bis dacva adamianis uflebaTa konvenciebis saSualebiT

Semwynarebloba

yuradRebis gamax-vileba prob-lemebze, da ara pirovnebebze

demokratiuli diskusia

debatebi

molaparakeba

4 konfliqti. rogor viqceviT, roca ar veTanxme-biT?

konfliq-ti

mSvidoba

konfliqtis mogvarebis cnebebi _ `mogeba-mogeba~

survilebi, saWiroebebi da kompro-misebi

ara Zaladobas konfliqtebis mogvarebis eqvssafexuri-ani modeli

meore nawili: pasuxismgeblobis aReba

5 uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi da pasuxismgeblobe-bi. ra uflebebi gvaqvs da rogor xdeba am ufle-baTa dacva?

uflebebi

Tavisuf-lebebi

pasuxis-mgebloba

pirveladi saWiroebebi

survilebi

adamianuri Rirseba

pasuxismgeb-lobebi da adamianis uflebaTa dacva

piradi pasuxismge-blobis gacno-biereba

adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebis identifikacia da ganxilva

15







6 pasuxismgebloba. ra pasuxismge-blobebi gvak-isria?

pasux-ismge-bloba

iuridi-uli, so-cialuri da moraluri pasxismge-blobebi

arasamTav-robo orga-nizaciebis roli samo-qalaqo sa-zogadoebaSi

moraluri midg-oma

dilemidan gamosavlis povna (pasuxismgeblo-baTa konfliqti)

pirovnuli pa-suxismgeblobis aReba

mesame nawili: monawileoba

7 saskolo gazeTi. rogor iqmneba me-dia?

demokra-tia

sazoga-doebivi azri

beWdviTi mediis saSu-alebebiaxali ambe-bis ganyo-filebis daniSnuleba

informaciisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba

dagegmareba

erToblivi gad-awyvetilebebis miReba

konkretul proeqtTan dakavSirebiT pirovnuli pa-suxismgeblobis aReba

meoTxe nawili: Zalaufleba da uflebamosileba

8 wesebi da kanoni. ra tipis wesebi sWirdeba sazoga-doebas?

wesebi da kanoni

kanonis uzenae-soba

kanonis daniSnuleba

samoqalaqo samarTali da sisxlis samarTali

kanonebi ax-algazrdebi-saTvis

kargi kanonis kri-teriumebi

samarTliani kanonebis identi-fikacia

kanonis pativiscema

9 mTavroba da politika. rogori unda iyos qveynis mmarTveloba?

Zalauf-leba da ufleba-mosileba

demokra-tia

politika

sazogadoe-bis marTvis formebi (demokratia, monarqia, diqtatura, Teokratia, anarqia)mTavrobis masuxismge-blobebi

azrisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba

kritikuli azrovneba

debatebi

wignis Tavebis ZiriTadi cnebebis mixedviT dalageba maswavlebels met SesaZleblobebs aZlevs gakveTilis dagegmvisas. moswavleebis mier dasmuli SekiTxvebis gaTvaliswinebiT, maswavlebels SeuZlia, Semdeg TavSi mocemuli sakiTx-

16


ebisadmi midgomebi Secvalos. aseTi moqniloba xels uwyobs moswavleTa saswavlo saWiroebebis ukeT dakmayofilebas.

rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, am wignSi yvela Tavi induqciur meTods mihyveba. swav-lis meore ganzomilebas (demokratiuli Rirebulebebisa da midgomebis ganviTareba) eZRvneba meore Tavi _ pasuxismgeblobis aReba. Rirebulebis ganzomileba yvela TavSi gvxvdeba, rogorc svetSi `demokratia _ adamianis uflebaTa gaazrebis saSu-aleba~ vxedavT. demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swav-lebis mesame ganzomileba (monawileoba TemSi _ swavla demokratiisa da adamianis uflebebisaTvis) aseve yvela TavSia ganxiluli; swavlis am mesame ganzomilebaze gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mexuTe TavSia gamaxvilebuli.

gakveTilis gegmebi moicavs informacias konceptualur swavlaze. TiToeuli Tavis am nawilSi ganmartebulia ZiriTadi cnebebi da, aseve, is cnebebi, romlebic mocemuli gakveTilis gaazrebisaTvisaa mniSvnelovani.

cnebebis mozaika: konstruqtivistuli swavlis modeli

mTavroba da politika

pirovnuloba

wesebi da kanonebi

sainformacio saSualebebi

uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi

konfliqti

mravalferovneba da pluralizmi

pasuxismgebloba

Tanasworoba

17


cnebebis es mozaika mTel wigns laitmotivad gasdevs; is yvela Tavis sawyis gver-dzea. TiToeul SemTxvevaSi mozaikis is nawilia gamokveTili, romelsac am TavSi gan-viTarebuli ZiriTadi cneba ukavSirdeba. sruli mozaika zemoTwarmodgenili cxra ilustraciisagan Sedgeba da misi wakiTxva sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba.

TiToeul mozaikaSi teqsti im cnebaze migviTiTebs, romelic ilustratorma grafikulad gamoxata. cxra nawilis dakavSireba imaze mianiSnebs, rom es cnebebi mravalmxrivaa urTierTdakavSirebuli da erT mTels qmnian.

mozaika iseT STabeWdilebas tovebs, rom cnebaTa erToba aris sruli da arc erTis gamotoveba, an damateba ar SeiZleba.

es cxra cneba ar qmnis Teoriis an gaazrebis Caketil sistemas. isini imitom SevarCieT, rom gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia. sxva cnebebic saintereso iqneboda, magaliTad, fuli, Zalaufleba da ideologia. mocemuli wigni sxvadasxva masalis erTobliobas ufro emsgavseba, vidre erT Teorias, romelic praqtikaSi unda dainergos. Sesabamisad, yvelanairi adaptacia da damateba misasalmebelia.

am mozaikas SeiZleba SevxedoT, rogorc moswavlis mier mniSvnelobis Camoya-libebis process. mniSvnelobis Zieba swavlis procesisadmi konstruqtivistul midgomas warmoadgens. moswavle axali informacias im codnas ukavSirebs, romelsac is ukve flobs. mniSvnelobis Ziebis procesSi moswavleebi demokratiuli moqalaqeo-bisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis ZiriTad cnebebs erTmaneTs ukavSire-ben. am dros gonebaSi sakuTar mozaikas qmnian, sxvadasxva urTierTkavSiriTa da Semadgeneli elementebis gansxvavebuli ganlagebiT. moswavleebs, SesaZloa, daeba-doT SekiTxvebi, romlebic wignSi mocemul cnebebs scildeba. maT mier àwyobili~ mozaikebi gansxvavebuli iqneba zemoT mocemuli mozaikisagan. moswavleebs unda mieceT SesaZlebloba, rom mozaikebi klasSi erTmaneTs warmoudginon. saWiroebi-samebr, moswavlem an/da maswavlebelma mozaikis elementebis ganlagebaSi cvlile-bebi unda Seitanon (dekonstruqcia).

roca maswavlebeli am wignis daxmarebiT gakveTils amzadebs, mas ukve unda hqondes garkveuli mosazreba imis Taobaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba es cnebebi erT-maneTs da rogor unda/SeuZliaT gaigon es cnebebi moswavleebma.

grafikuli gamosaxuleba SeiZleba ufro mravlismetyveli aRmoCndes, vidre aso-biT sityva. Sesabamisad, es mozaika naTel informacias awvdis mkiTxvels wignSi ganxi-luli cnebebis, didaqtikuri variantebisa da konstruqtivistuli swavlebis Sesaxeb.

grafikuli gamosaxvis saSualebebi aqtiur mkiTxvels nawarmoebis azris wvdomaSi exmareba (metarefleqsia)

es Tavi abstraqtul ideas exeboda _ cnebebs. rogorc wesi, avtorisaTvis rTulia cnebebis Sesaxeb garkveviT wera, mkiTxvelisaTvis ki arc Tu ise advilia abstraqtu-li ideis wvdoma. urTierToba avtorsa da mkiTxvels Soris SeiZleba maswavleblisa da moswavleebis urTierTobas SevadaroT. am sakiTxs SeiZleba induqciurad mivud-geT da mkiTxvelisa da avtoris urTierTobis ganzogadeba movaxdinoT.

kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom teqstis gacnobamde mkiTxveli suraTebsa da diagramebs aTvalierebs. suraTis gamomsaxveloba damokidebulia mis esTeturobaze da infor-maciulobaze. grafikuli masalis uaryofiTi mxare isaa, rom informaciis araver-baluri formiT gadacema xdeba, ramac, Tavis mxriv, SesaZloa, mkiTxvels araswori warmodgena Seuqmnas avtoris saTqmelze, mis realur Canafiqrze.

avtoris, mkiTxvelisa da avtoris saTqmelis urTierTqmedeba samkuTxediT SeiZleba gamovsaxoT. es imas niSnavs, rom avtori srulad ver akontrolebs imas, Tu rogor aRiqvams mis saTqmels mkiTxveli. analogiurad, maswavlebels ar SeuZlia, winaswar gansazRvros axsnili masalidan ras daimaxsovrebs, an daiviwyebs moswavle.

18


didaqtikuri samkuTxediT gamoxatuli modeli saSualebas iZleva, avtorsa da mkiTxvels Soris komunikaciis struqtura SevadaroT maswavlebelsa da moswavles Soris komunikacias. arsebobs rogorc struqturuli analogiebi, ise mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi.

orive SemTxvevaSi urTierToba samkuTxedis princips efuZneba, rac imas niS-navs, rom samidan arc erTi elementi ar dominirebs. avtorebi mkiTxvelTan komu-nikacias wignis saSualebiT amyareben. es, Cveulebriv, calmxrivi komunikaciaa. av-tori da mkiTxveli TiTqmis arasodes xvdebian erTmaneTs pirispir; avtori iSviaTad iRebs mkiTxvelisagan komentarebs mis naSromTan dakavSirebiT. Sesabamisad, avtors TiTqmis ar SeuZlia, gaakontrolos mkiTxvelis gonebaSi Camoyalibebuli mosazre-bebi avtoris namuSevarTan dakavSirebiT.

analogiurad, maswavlebeli srulad ver akontrolebs klasSi moswavlis swav-lis process. skolaSi aqtiuri komunikaciis SesaZlebloba aadvilebs moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris azrebisa da komentarebis gacvlis process. aseve, swavlebis procesSi maswavleblis pirovneba yvelaze mniSvnelovania.

roca mkiTxveli grafikul gamosaxulebas uyurebs, is gonebaSi garkveul saxeebs qmnis da uCndeba molodini avtoris saTqmelTan dakavSirebiT. nawarmoebis gacnobis Semdeg, mkiTxvelma SeiZleba aRmoaCinos, rom misi molodini swori iyo; SesaZloa, is mixvdes, rom misi varaudebis garkveuli nawili arazusti iyo. grafikuli gamosax-ulebebi xels uwyoben dialogis process avtorsa da mkiTxvels Soris, im dialogis, romelic, arsebiTad, mkiTxvelis gonebaSi mimdinareobs. grafikuli gamosaxulebis teqstTan Serwyma aucilebelia aqtiuri mkiTxvelisa da moazrovnisaTvis.

grafikuli gamosaxulebis wakiTxvis unari Tanamedrove, e. w. informaciul sa-zogadoebaSi Zalian mniSvnelovania. Sesabamisad, vurCevT maswavleblebs, zemoT moyvanili mozaika moswavleebs gauziaron. moswavleebs mozaika SeiZleba am wignis gamoyenebiT Seqmnili axali saswavlo gegmis gacnobisas, an saswavlo wlis bolos, Sejamebis dros vaCvenoT. SeiZleba vTxovoT maT, rom es mozaika cxra nawilad daSa-lon da, sakuTari Sexedulebebis mixedviT, Tavidan aawyon. mozaikis sxvadasxva versiis urTierTgaziareba moswavleebs cnebebis sxvadasxva kombinaciaze daafiqrebs. aseTi diskusiebi maT imis gaazrebaSi daexmareba, rom azrisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba ara mxolod gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis demokratiul process axlavs Tan, aramed swavlis procesis damaxasiaTebelicaa.

avtori

avtoris saTqmelimkiTxveli

maswavlebeli

swavlis saganimoswavle

pirveli nawili _ pirovneba da Temi

Tavi 1.

stereotipebi da crurwmenebi: ra aris TviTmyofadoba?

rogor aRviqvam sxvebs da rogor aRmiqvamen isini?

Tavi 2.

Tanasworoba: Tqven Cemze meti uflebebi gaqvT?

Tavi 3.

mravalferovneba da pluralizmi. rogor SeiZleba adamianebma erTad, mSvidobianad icxovron?

Tavi 4.

konfliqti. rogor viqceviT, roca ar veTanxmebiT?

Tavi 1stereotipebi da crurwmenebi:

ra aris TviTmyofadoba?rogor aRviqvam sxvebs da rogor aRmiqvamen isini?

1.1 rogor xedaven pirovnebas sxvebi...pirovneba ufro mravalmxrivia, vidre erTi SexedviT Cans

1.2 rogor SeiZleba davaxasiaToT pirovneba gansxvavebulad...rogor SevqmnaT pirovnebis ukeTesi portreti

1.3 stereotipebi da crurwmenebiCveni mosazrebebi sxva adamianebis, jgufebisa da qveynebis Sesaxeb

1.4 stereotipebi Cem Sesaxeb!rogor vxedav Cems Tavs da rogor aRmiqvamen sxvebi?

22


Tavi 1. stereotipebi da crurwmenebira aris TviTmyofadoba? rogor aRviqvam sxvebs da rogor aRmiqvamen isini?

vin var sinamdvileSi? moswavleebi yoveldRiurad iReben informacias sxvadasxva Rirebulebisa da cxovrebis wesis Sesaxeb. imisaTvis, rom sakuTari adgili ipovon, maT sWirdebaT arCevanis gakeTebis unaris ganviTareba. ra SemiZlia gavakeTo? risi gakeTeba ar SeiZleba? ra aris swori da ra aris araswori? bavSvebi da mozardebi male xvdebian, rom am SekiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema xSirad rTulia. rac, erT SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba swori iyos, sxva SemTxvevaSi araswori aRmoCndeba. rogor SeiZleba miviRo gadawyvetileba? ra saxelmZRvanelo principebs unda gavyve?

adamianis dakvalianebis saukeTeso saSualebebia qveynis konstitucia da midg-omebi adamianis uflebebisadmi; orive gamoxatavs, Tu ramdenad pluralistulia sa-zogadoebis Rirebulebebi. yvelaze mniSvnelovani principi piradi Tavisuflebaa, rac TiToeul adamians aZlevs pirovnuli ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas. piradi Tavisuflebis urTierTSemwynareblobisa da pasuxismgeblobis principebze dafuZne-ba sasargebloa rogorc TemisaTvis, romelSic es adamiani cxovrobs, ise, zogadad, kacobriobisaTvis. SeiZleba gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi da midgomebi gvqondes. mTa-varia, uTanxmoebebis mSvidobiani ganxilvis wesebze vTanxmdebodeT.

bavSvebsa da mozardebs unda esmodeT, rom zrdasrulebsac uwevT problemebTan Widili. aseve, unda iazrebdnen, rom maswavlebeli ar aris absoluturi WeSmaritebis gansaxiereba, isic uSvebs Secdomebs da isic swavlobs miRebuli gamocdilebidan.

am TavSi pirovnebis Camoyalibebaze iqneba msjeloba. aseve, SevexebiT sakiTxebs, romlebic ukavSirdeba imas, Tu rogor xdeba sakuTari Tavisa da sazogadoebis sxva wevrebis aRqma. moswavleebma unda gaiazron, rom maTi pirovneba mxolod maT mier ar yalibdeba; pirovnebis CamoyalibebaSi didi wvlili Seaqvs adamianis urTierTobebs sazogadoebis sxva wevrebTan. pirovnulobas gansazRvravs adamianebs Soris ganmasx-vavebeli niSnebi da adamianis survili, rom miekuTvnebodes garkveul TanamoazreTa/TanatolTa jgufs. axalgazrdebi ukeTesad Caswvdebian sakuTar pirovnebas, Tu gaaanalizeben im grZnobebsa da saWiroebebs, romelic maT amoZravebT; dafiqrdebian pirovnuli ganviTarebis gzebsa da samomavlo miznebze. axalgazrdebma yovelTvis aqtiuri, konstruqciuli monawileoba unda miiRon socialur interaqciaSi.

im qveynis socialuri da politikuri istoria, romelSic adamiani cxovrobs, did zegavlenas axdens adamianis yofaze. imisaTvis, rom moswavleebs am gavlenis arsi es-modeT, isini mudmivad unda agrovebdnen informacias mimdinare movlenebze da ganixi-lavdnen mas. aseTi ganxilvebis Sedegad, maT sakuTari azri CamouyalibdebaT da sxvisi mosmenis kulturas SeiZenen. moswavleebma yuradReba unda miaqcion Sexedulebebs, crurwmenebsa da stereotipebs, rac sazogadoebrivi azris nawils warmoadgens. Tu adamiani aseT detalebs ver cnobs, mas gauWirdeba sazogadoebrivi azris kritikulad gaazreba, sakuTari Sexedulebebis Camoyalibeba da, saWiroebisamebr, Secvla.

swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis da adamianis uflebebigakveTilTa es seria daexmareba moswavleebs imis gaazrebaSi, rom:

_ arsebobs stereotipebTan da crurwmenebis CamoyalibebasTan dakavSirebuli cnebebi;_ Cven adamianebsa da adamianTa jgufebs yovelTvis garkveul Tvisebebs mivawerT;_ adamianebisaTvis garkveuli Tvisebebis miweriT vcdilobT, yoveldRiuri cxovrebis

sirTuleebs gavumklavdeT; _ Tvisebebis miwera SeiZleba mavne da arasamarTliani iyos;_ Tvisebebis miwera xels uwyobs individualuri da jgufuri TviTmyofadobis Camoyalibebas;_ TviTmyofadoba rTuli fenomenia da imas niSnavs, rom TiToeul adamians unda mivud-

geT, gavicnoT da aRvweroT gansxvavebulad.

23

Tavi 1. pirovnuloba

Tavi 1. stereotipebi da crurwmenebira aris TviTmyofadoba? rogor aRviqvam sxvebs da rogor aRmiqvamen isini?

gakveTilis saxelwodeba

swavlis mizani moswavlis davaleba

saWiro masala moswavleTa CarTulobis forma

gakveTili 1:rogor aRiqvamen adamians sxvebi

moswavleebs gaazrebuli aqvT, rom midgomebi SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari iyos; maT SeuZliaT arCe-vanis gakeTeba.

moswavleebs ro-lebs vunawilebT da vTxovT, rolidan gamom-dinare, sakuTari Sexedulebebi Camoayalibon. isini varjiSoben sxvadasxva midg-omis SemuSavebaze.

rolebis aRw-erebi, moswav-lis samuSao furceli 1.1 (jgufebi 1-3), didi zomis furclebi, markerebi.

jgufuri muSaoba

gakveTili 2: rogori gan-sxvavebuli SeiZleba iyos erTi da imave adamianis sxvadasxva aRwera

moswavleebs esmiT, rom SeiZleba sxvadasxva daxa-siaTeba erT pirovnebas ukavSirdebodes

moswavleebi scen-ebs gaiTamaSeben da werilobiT naSroms warmoad-genen. ganixilaven dadgmebs, rom-lebic naxes.

pirveli gakveTilis Sedegebi me-ore gakveTi-lis ZiriTad masalas war-moadgens. moswavleebs esmiT, rom maTi monawileobisa da wvlilis gareSe mecadi-neoba ver gagr-Zeldeba.

rolebis gaTamaSeba, prezen-taciebi da diskusia

gakveTili 3: stereotipebi da crurwmenebi

moswavleebs esmiT, rogor ukavSirdeba crurwmenebi da stereo-tipebi erTmaneTs. aseve, maT gaazrebuli aqvT, rom stereotipebisa da crurwmenebis gamoyen-ebam SeiZleba araswori, zedmetad gamartivebuli Sexedulebebi Segviqmnas adamianebze, adamianTa jgufebsa da qveynebzec ki.

moswavleebi aana-lizeben sakuTar Sexedulebebs sxva adamianebze da am Sexedulebebs jgufebSi ganixi-laven.

furclebi da markerebi.

jgufuri muSaoba, diskusia

gakveTili 4: stereotipebi Cem Sesaxeb!

moswavleebi aanalizeben imas, Tu rogor aRiqvamen maT sxvebi da amas iReben, rogorc realobas.moswavleebi ukeT iazre-ben, rogor aRiqvamen maT da am aRqmaze uCndebaT reaqcia.

moswavleebi aRweren sakuTar Tavs da danar-Cen moswavleebs. aRweris Sedegebs isini erTmaneTs uziareben, adare-ben sxvadasxva midgomas.

moswavlis sam-uSao furceli 1.2

wyvilebSi muSaoba, diskusia

24


gakveTili 1rogor xedaven pirovnebas sxvebipirovneba ufro mravalmxrivia, vidre erTi SexedviT Cans

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs gaazrebuli aqvT, rom SeiZleba midgomebi sxvadasxvagvari iyos; maT SeuZliaT arCevanis gakeTeba

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebs rolebs vunawilebT da vTxovT, rolidan gamomdinare, sakuTari Sexedulebebi Camoayalibon. isini varjiSoben sxvadasxva midgomis SemuSavebaze.

saWiro masala _ rolebis aRwerebi, moswavlis samuSao furceli 1.1 (jgufebi 1-3), didi zomis furclebi, markerebi.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ jgufuri muSaoba

gakveTili

moswavleebi sam jgufad nawildebian. maT urigeben moswavlis samuSao furcel 1.1-s (sami sxvadasxva versia sami jgufisaTvis), didi zomis furclebsa da markerebs. Tu klasSi bevri moswavlea, SeiZleba meti jgufi SevqmnaT. aseT SemTxvevaSi maswav-lebels mouwevs samuSao furcelebis damatebiTi versiebis momzadeba, an ramdenime jgufisaTvis erTi da imave scenaris micema.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs uyveba biWis Sesaxeb, romelmac sacxovrebeli adgili Seicvala da cdilobs, axal garemos moergos. biWi yoveldRiuri Canawerebis dRiurs awarmoebs. moswavleTa TiToeul jgufs dRiurSi gakeTebuli Canawerebis sxvadasxva amonaridi Sexvda.

saWiro informacia maswavleblebisaTvis

sxvadasxva jgufisaTvis gankuTvnili samuSao furceli dRiuridan sxvadasxva amonarids Seicavs. jgufebi biWze im amonaridis mixedviT Seiqmnian warmodgenas, romelic maT SexvdebaT. TiToeuli jgufi biWs gansxvavebuli kuTxidan aRiqvams da swored am damokidebulebas gaiTamaSebs. jgufebi, pirvel rigSi, biWis maxasiaTebel

mTliani teqsti:

ès Cemi pirveli dRea axal klasSi. Cemi ojaxi sxva regionidan Camovida da jer kidev

ucxod vgrZnob Tavs. bolo ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi bevri ram gadamxda da Sen, Cemo

dRiuro, am ambebs gagiziareb.

Cveni axali bina mdinaris pirasaa. erT-erTi Cemi klaseli biWi Cems mezoblad cxov-

robs. sami dRis gadmosulebi viyaviT binaSi, roca am biWma saTevzaod wasvla SemomTavaza.

me uari vuTxari, radgan Cemi ankesi jer kidev romeliRac yuTSi devs. jer xom nivTebis

amolageba ar dagvisrulebia.

Cveni skolis win didi safexburTo moedania. Zalian mixaria, radgan fexburTis TamaSi

miyvars. movitane Cemi burTi da TamaSs vapirebdi. daviwye Tu ara TamaSi, skolis darajma

SemaCera. is gabrazebuli Canda da mkiTxa, SemeZlo Tu ara kiTxva - warwera yofila gakeTe-

buli, rom moedani droebiT daketili iyo wvimis Semdeg, raTa balaxi ar dazianebuliyo ise

Sevwuxdi, rom usityvod saxlisaken wavedi.

Cveni binis Tavze erTi moxucebuli kaci marto cxovrobs. guSin saxlSi rom movedi, sa-

darbazoSi Semosasvlel karTan Sevxvdi, sayidlebidan sursaTiT datvirTuli mosuliyo.

mZimed sunTqavda. mominda davxmarebodi. gamovarTvi mZime CanTa da binamde avatanine”.

25

Tavi 1. pirovnuloba

zedsarTavebs warmoadgenen. diskusiis Sedegebs jgufidan erTi moswavle did fur-celze iniSnavs Semdegi gakveTilisaTvis.

jgufebi mokle gaTamaSebisaTvis emzadebian, romelmac biWisadmi maT damokide-buleba unda warmoadginos. rolebis gasaTamaSeblad, moswavleebisaTvis mosaxerx-ebeli iqneba garkveuli sivrcis arseboba _ sakonferencio oTaxi, darbazis sxva-dasxva kuTxe an Ria cis qveS mowyobili saTamaSo moedani (Tu amindi amis saSuale-bas iZleva). gaTamaSebis mosawyobad, moswavleebs garkveuli dro dasWirdebaT. zogs gacilebiT uadvildeba saTqmelis gamoxatva gaTamaSebis formiT, vidre sityvebiT.

gakveTilis bolos yvela jgufs unda hqondes biWis maxasiaTebeli zedsarTavebis nusxa da unda daasrulon gaTamaSebaze varjiSi.

maswavlebeli agrovebs posterebs, romlebsac Semdegi gakveTilis dasawyisSi kvlav daurigebs moswavleebs da, moswavleebTan erTad, mokled ganixilavs Sedegebs. maswavlebeli dadebiTad afasebs moswavleebis muSaobas da momavali gakveTilis Temas acnobs klass.

gakveTili 2rogor SeiZleba gansxvavebulad davaxasiaToT pirovneba...rogor SevqmnaT pirovnebis ukeTesi portreti

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs esmiT, rom sxvadasxva daxasiaTeba SeiZleba erT pirovnebas ukavSirdebodes.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi scenebs gaiTamaSeben da werilobiT naSroms warmoadgenen. ganixilaven dadgmebs, romlebic naxes.

saWiro masala _ pirveli gakveTilis Sedegebi meore gakveTilis ZiriTad masalas warmoadgens. moswavleebs esmiT, rom maTi monawileobisa da wvlilis gareSe mecadineoba ver gagrZeldeba.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ rolebis gaTamaSeba, prezentaciebi da diskusia.

gakveTili

nawili 1

maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, Tu risi gakeTeba mouwevT gakveTilze; is klass 5 wuTs aZlevs, raTa moswavleebma gasaTamaSebeli scenebi gaimeoron. Semdeg imarTeba sxvadasxva jgufis warmodgenebi.

scenis gaTamaSebis Tanmimdevroba Semdegia: jgufis erT-erTi warmomadgeneli kiTxulobs nawyvets dRiuridan, romelic mis jgufs Sexvda da warmoadgens maT mier CamoTvlil zedsarTavebs. amas mohyveba uSualod gaTamaSeba. sasurvelia, yve-la jgufis gaTamaSeba erTmaneTs damatebiTi Sualeduri komentarebis gareSe mos-devdes. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ramdenime jgufs dRiuris erTi da igive amonaridi aqvs, maT, uSualod, erTmaneTis Semdeg unda gaiTamaSon scenebi.

roca jgufebi warmodgenebs daamTavreben, maswavlebeli dadebiTad afasebs mo-swavleTa muSaobas da ajamebs am warmodgenebis mizans. Tu bavSvebi aseTi stiliT muSaobas miCveulebi arian, SeiZleba gakveTilis Semdeg etapze gadasvla. Tu moswav-leTaTvis aseTi tipis muSaoba siaxles warmoadgens, maswavlebelma unda misces maT SesaZlebloba, ganixilon warmodgenili scenebi formisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT.

26


moswavleebma azrebis gamoxatvis procesi SeiZleba Semdeg SekiTxvebze pasuxebis ZiebiT warmarTon:

_ rogori iyo jgufSi muSaoba?

_ rame axali gavige sakuTar Tavze?

_ rogor SevZeliT personaJebis realisturad warmodgena?

nawili 2

gakveTilis meore nawilSi moswavleebi skamebs dafis garSemo naxevarwred, erT an or rigad alageben. dafaze maswavlebeli erTmaneTis gverdiT kidebs posterebs.

ase xedaven biWs sxvebi:

klaselebi maswavleblebi mezoblebi

diskusis dros moswavleebma unda gaiazron, rom savsebiT bunebrivia, roca ada-mians adamianebi an adamianTa jgufebi sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqvamen. maT unda gaigon, rom Sexedulebebi ar SeiZleba iyos `swori~ an àraswori~. Tu biWis srulyofilad aRwera gvsurs, ar SeiZleba mxolod erTi kuTxiT aRweriT SemovifargloT.

Semdegi SekiTxvebi moswavleebs kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebaSi daexmareba:

_ amdeni sxvadasxva midgoma dabneulobas xom ar iwvevs?

_ romeli aRwera Seesabameba sinamdviles?

_ realurad vin aris maqsi?

maswavlebeli icdis, sanam moswavleTa garkveuli raodenoba xels aswevs da Semdeg saSualebas aZlevs maT, gascen am SekiTxvebs pasuxebi. maswavlebeli pasuxebs dafaze an flipCartze6 iniSnavs.

ra SeiZleba vTqvaT biWze?

_ rogor SeiZleba is saTanadod davaxasiaToT?

_ winadadeba 1

_ winadadeba 2

_ winadadeba 3

_ winadadeba 4

_ winadadeba 5

6 sakancelario nivTi, romelic Sedgeba specialur mobilur stendze Camokidebuli qaRaldebisagan. gamoiyeneba prezentaciisa da/an diskusiis dros leqciaze, gakveTilze, treningze da a.S. (mTargm-nelis SeniSvna).

27

Tavi 1. pirovnuloba

gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli ajamebs moswavleTa Sexedulebebs, romlebic ori gakveTilis manZilze iqna gamoTqmuli. flipCartze ZiriTadi mosazrebebis CaniSvna sasargebloa, radgan SesaZlebeli iqneba am masalis gamoyeneba Semdeg gakveTilze. gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi informacia:

TviTmyofadoba

gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, gamoxaton mosazrebebi; maswavlebeli Tavs ikavebs moswavleTa SeniSvnebis komentirebaze.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom mTeli klasisaTvis SekiTxvebis dasma ar aris sauke-Teso meTodi, radgan, rogorc wesi, kiTxvebs erTi da igive moswavleebi pasuxoben xolme. umjobesia samizne dafis meTodis gamoyeneba, rac swrafi da konkretuli ko-mentarebis gakeTebis saSualebas iZleva. danarTSi es meTodi kargadaa aRwerili.

maswavlebeli mokled mimoixilavs Semdeg or gakveTils, roca moswavleebi konk-retul adamianebze ki ar imsjeleben, aramed adamianTa jgufebsa da qveynebze.

gakveTili 3stereotipebi da crurwmenebiCveni mosazrebebi sxva adamianebis, jgufebisa da qveynebis Sesaxeb

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs esmiT, rogor ukavSirdeba crurwmenebi da stereotipebi erTmaneTs. aseve, maT gaazrebuli aqvT, rom stereotipebisa da crurwmenebis gamoyenebam SeiZleba araswori, zedmetad gamartivebuli Sexedulebebi Segviqmnas adamianebze, adamianTa jgufebze da mTel qveynebzec ki.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi aanalizeben sakuTar Sexedulebebs sxva adamianebze da am Sexedulebebs jgufebSi ganixilaven.

saWiro masala _ furclebi da markerebi.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ jgufuri muSaoba, diskusia

gakveTili

am gakveTilis mizania moswavleebisaTvis imis Cveneba, rom konkretul pirovnebas gansxvavebuliad aRviqvamT, vidre pirovnebaTa jgufs, an qveyanas.

gakveTilis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli mokled, leqciis formiT, esaubreba mos-wavleebs stereotipebsa da crurwmenebs Soris arsebul gansxvavebebze. wina ori gakveTilis gamocdilebis moSveliebiT, maswavlebeli exmareba moswavleebs, stereo-tipebsa da crurwmenebs Soris gansxvavebebis aRmoCenaSi. maswavlebels es ori cneba Semoaqvs wina gakveTilebze ganxiluli magaliTis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic axal

swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis da adamianis uflebebi

gakveTilTa es seria daexmareba moswavleebs imis gaazrebaSi, rom:

_ pirovnebis TviTmyofadobas mravali mxare aqvs;

_ sxvadasxva adamians (mezoblebs, megobrebs, maswavleblebsa da ucnobebs) erTsa da

imave adamianzeSesaZloa gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi hqondeT;

_ Tu gvinda, rom adamiani gavicnoT, sxvadasxva Sexedulebas unda movismunoT;

_ .....

_ .....

28


sazogadoebaSi biWis damkvidrebas ukavSirdeba. maswavlebeli moswavleebs axsenebs, rom sxvadasxva adamiani gansxvavebulad aRiqvams am biWs. am Sexedulebebs maswav-lebeli ganixilavs, rogorc crurwmenebs an stereotipebs (ixileT damxmare masa-la maswavlebilsaTvis am Tavis bolos, sadac mocemulia informacia aseTi mokle leqciisaTvis). Semdeg moswavleebi mcire zomis jgufebs qmnian da muSaoben iseTi socialuri jgufebis aRwerebze, rogorebicaa:

_ gogonebi da biWebi;

_ profesiebi;

_ eTnikuri jgufebi;

_ qveynebi;

_ kontinentebi.

mniSvnelovania, rom moswavleebs ar movTxovoT sxvebisadmi maTi piradi damok-idebulebis Camoyalibeba. umjobesia, maT imsjelon imaze, Tu rogor aRiqvamdnen, maTi azriT, mezoblebi, sazogadoeba, sainformacio saSualebebi im jgufebs, rom-lebic maT aRsawerad ergoT.

maswavleblis mier gakveTilis dasawyisSi miwodebuli informaciis gaTval-iswinebiT, moswavleebi cdiloben, crurwmenebi stereotipebisagan gaarCion.

maswavlebels SeuZlia, dafaze garkveuli miniSnebebi misces moswavleebs, rom-lebic prezentacias sakiTxebis iseTi nusxis formiT amzadeben, rogorc qvemoTaa warmodgenili.

moswavleebi davalebas, daaxloebiT, 15 wuTs uTmoben. 3-4 moswavlisagan Semdgar jgufebSi maTi muSaoba maswavleblis leqciis dasrulebisTanave iwyeba. maswavle-belma unda gadawyvitos, romel magaliTze muSaobas daavalebs moswavleebs. qveyanaSi arsebuli politikuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelime varianti SeiZleba ufro axlos iyos moswavleebis yoveldRiur gamocdilebasTan. maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom eTnikuri umciresobebis Sesaxeb diskusiis/prezentaciis mow-yoba mxolod maSinaa mizanSewonili, Tu danamdvilebiTaa cnobili, rom am sakiTxze msjeloba arcerT moswavles guls ar atkens, an ar Seqmnis konfliqtur situacias.

TiToeuli jgufi diskusiis Sedegebis warmosadgenad erT adamians irCevs, romelic prezentaciis dros yuradRebas Semdeg sakiTxebze amaxvilebs:

_ Cveni qveyana, Cveni jgufi, Cveni eTnikuri kuTvnileba, Cveni profesia;

_ stereotipebi, romlebic jgufSi diskusiis dros gamoikveTa;

_ crurwmenebi, romlebic jgufSi diskusiis dros gamoikveTa;

_ Cveni varaudebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom aqvT jgufis wevrebs es Sexedulebebi;

_ Cveni azrebi, msgavsebebi da gansxvavebebi Cvens midgomebSi.

prezentaciebis dros maswavlebeli TiToeuli jgufis gamosvlidan ZiriTad sakiTxebs flipCartze iniSnavs. qvemoT mocemuli diagrama daexmareba maswavlebels aseTi Canawerebis gakeTebaSi:

jgufi qveyana/profesia/eTn. jgufi stereotipebi crurwmenebi SeniSvnebi

1

2

3

4

5

29

Tavi 1. pirovnuloba

bolos, maswavlebeli ajamebs gakveTils da afasebs rogorc procedurul sakiTxebs, ise Sedegebs. maswavlebeli moswavleebs mokled acnobs Semdegi gakveTilis Temas.

gakveTili 4stereotipebi Cem Sesaxeb!rogor vxedav sakuTar Tavs da rogor aRmiqvamen sxvebi?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebi aanalizeben imas, Tu rogor aRiqvamen maT sxvebi da iReben amas, rogorc realobas.

moswavleebi ukeT iazreben, rogor aRiqvamen maT da am aRqmaze uCndebaT reaqcia.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi aRweren sakuTar Tavs da danarCen moswavleebs. aRw-eris Sedegebs isini erTmaneTs uziareben, adareben sxvadasxva midgomas.

saWiro masala – moswavlis samuSao furceli 1.2

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ wyvilebSi muSaoba, diskusia

gakveTili

maswavalebeli gakveTils wina ori gakveTilis SejamebiT da moswavleTaTvis dRevandeli gakveTilis gegmis gacnobiT iwyebs.

maswavlebeli axsenebs moswavleebs, rom maT erTi konkretuli biWis situaciis ganxilviT daiwyes msjeloba da Semdeg adamianTa jgufebis analizze gadavidnen. axla isini kvlav individualur midgomas daubrundebian da amjerad ganxilvis sa-gans Tavad moswavleebi warmoadgenen. isini Semdeg SekiTxvebs gascemen pasuxs:

vin var me?

rogor davaxasiaTebdi Cems Tavs? _ sakuTari Tavis aRqma

rogor damaxasiaTebda Cemi Tanaklaseli? _ sxvis mier Cemi pirovnebis aRqma

TvalsaCinoebisaTvis, maswavlebels SeuZlia, es SekiTxvebi dafaze an flipCar-tze daweros. aseve, maswavlebels SeuZlia, mokled gamokiTxos moswavleebs wina gakveTilebze aTvisebuli masala imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor aRiqmeba adamiani sxvebisa da sakuTari Tavis mier. aseve, mas SeuZlia, Seaxsenos moswavleebs (an maT gamoh-kiTxos) ZiriTadi cnebebi stereotipebisa da crurwmenebis Sesaxeb.

Semdeg maswavlebeli uCvenebs moswavleebs maT mierve momzadebul samuSao fur-clebs, romlebzec maqsis daxasiaTebaa mocemuli. es samuSao furclebi moswavleebs daexmareba, zogadad Camoayalibon adamianis maxasiaTeblebi. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, Camoweron zedsarTavi saxelebi, romlebic adamianTa dasaxasiaTeblad SeiZleba gamoiyenebodes. am etapze maswavlebels SeuZlia, garkveuli ideebis mi-wodebiT daexmaros moswavleebs. magaliTad, maswavlebels SeuZlia, garkveuli kat-egoriebi warmoudginos maT:

rogor daaxasiaTebdiT adamians, Tu:

_ is karg xasiaTzea?

_ is cud xasiaTzea, an ganrisxebulia?

30


_ is Seni kargi megobaria?

_ misi garegnobis aRwera gvsurs?

_ misi, rogorc moswavlis, daxasiaTeba gvWirdeba?

_ ------

am SekiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemis procesSi mTeli klasi unda CavrToT, da ara mxolod ramdenime moswavle. amis misaRwevad SeiZleba Semdegi savarjiSos7 gamoyen-eba, rac moswavleebs individualuri muSaobis saSualebas miscems: oTaxis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi unda ekidos da magidebze unda ewyos didi zomis posterebi. TiToeul posterze erT-erTi kategoria unda iyos mocemuli da iqve idos markeri. moswav-leebi sxvadasxva posterTan midian da am kategoriasTan dakavSirebul zedsarTavebs posterze weren. moswavleebi unda gavafrTxiloT, rom daweramde aucilebelia, wai-kiTxon posterze ukve datanili zedsarTavebi da ar gaimeoron isini. Tumca moswav-leebs SeuZliaT, ukve daweril zedsarTavebs SeniSvnebi an axali ideebi miuweron.

savarjiSos Sedegi, daaxloebiT, ase gamoiyureba:

savarjiSos Sejameba ar sWirdeba, radgan es aris masala Semdegi safexurisaTvis. am droisaTvis maswavlebels ukve gaazrebuli unda hqondes, Tu romeli moswavlee-bis dajgufeba SeiZleba wyvilebad. Semdegi etapis Tema delikaturia da mniSvnelo-vania, maswavlebelma moswavleebi yuradRebiT daajgufos _ aucilebelia, maswavle-beli darwmunebuli iyos, rom moswavleebs, romelTac awyvilebs, erTmaneTisadmi antipaTia ar aqvT.

wyvilebi Semdeg davalebas iReben:axla vimsjelebT imaze, Tu rogor aRiqvamT sakuTar Tavs da erTmaneTs. mihyeviT

Semdeg Tanmimdevrobas:

_ jer marto imuSaveT;

_ waikiTxeT posterebi da amoarCieT is zedsarTavebi, romlebic Tqven saukeTe-sod gaxasiaTebT. CamowereT es zedsarTavebi samuSao furclze;

_ nusxas daumateT is zedsarTavebi, romlebic Tqven gaxasiaTebT, magram klasSi warmodgenil posterebze ar iyo datanili;

_ axla amave meTodiT daaxasiaTeT Tqveni mewyvile;

7 es savarjiSo `dumilis kedlis~ variantia (ix. swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb, wigni IV, axali ideebis ganviTareba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis ganaTle-basa da adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb swavlebaSi).

rogor gamoiyureba adamiani, romelic karg xasiaTzea?

_ mxiaruli

_ xumara

_ gantvirTuli

_ komunikabeluri

_ momxibvleli

_ -----

_ -----

31

Tavi 1. pirovnuloba

_ roca orive daasrulebT muSaobas, namuSevari mewyviles gauziareT. daak-virdiT, ra emTxveva da ra ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs Tqvens aRwerebSi; gamoxa-teT Tqveni azrebi da grZnobebi am aRwerebTan dakavSirebiT:

_ ra iwvevs Cems gakvirvebas?

_ ra momwons?

_ ra ar momwons?

_ ra mtkens guls?

_ SegiZliaT konkretuli magaliTebiT isaubroT Tqvens damokidebulebebze?

_ romeli aRwera aris (dadebiTi an uaryofiTi) stereotipi?

maswavleblis gadasawyvetia, Tavad Seajamebs am oTx gakveTils, Tu garkveul dros dauTmobs Semajamebel diskusias. orive SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli aRmoaCens, rom klasSi samuSao garemo sagrZnoblad gaumjobesda. moswavleebs ganuviTardaT saintereso urTierTobebi, ufro axlos gaicnes erTmaneTi, erTmaneTis Sesaxeb bev-ri ram aRmoaCines da erTmaneTs gauziares gancdebi. axla maT SeuZliaT:

_ ganasxvavon stereotipebi da crurwmenebi;

_ ganasxvavon sakuTari Tavis aRqma sxvebis mier maTi pirovnebis aRqmisagan.

moswavleebma socialuri kompetenciebi ganiviTares, rac maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi daexmareba, skolaSi da skolis gareT.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 1.1(jgufi 1)rolebis gaTamaSeba

SeTanxmdiT, vin waikiTxavs xmamaRla dRiuridan amonarids da davalebas Tqveni jgufisaTvis.

SearCieT jgufis meore wevri, romelic diskusiis dros Canawerebs gaakeTebs da jgufuri muSaobis bolos msjelobis Sedegebs klasis winaSe warmoadgens.

amonaridi maqsis dRiuridan:

ès Cemi pirveli dRea axal klasSi. Cemi ojaxi sxva regionidan Camovida da jer kidev ucxod vgrZnob Tavs. bolo ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi bevri ram gadamxda da Sen, Cemo dRiuro, am ambebs gagiziareb.

Cveni axali bina mdinaris pirasaa. erT-erTi Cemi klaseli biWi Cems mezoblad cxovrobs. sami dRis gadmosulebi viyaviT binaSi, roca am biWma saTevzaod wasvla SemomTavaza. me uari vuTxari, radgan Cemi ankesi jer kidev romeliRac yuTSi devs. jer xom nivTebis amolageba ar dagvisrulebia.”

davalebebi:

CamowereT zedsarTavebi, romlebsac maqsis Tanaklaselebi mis dasaxasiaTe-1. blad gamoiyenebdnen;rogor fiqrobT, ras etyoda maqsis Sesaxeb misi erT-erTi klaseli meores? 2. gaiTamaSeT es scena.

32


moswavlis samuSao furceli 1.1(jgufi 2)

rolebis gaTamaSeba




`Cveni skolis win didi safexburTo moedania. Zalian mixaria, radgan fexburTis TamaSi miyvars. movitane Cemi burTi da TamaSs vapirebdi. daviwye Tu ara TamaSi, sko-lis darajma SemaCera. is gabrazebuli Canda da mkiTxa, SemeZlo Tu ara kiTxva _ war-wera yofila gakeTebuli, rom moedani droebiT daketili iyo wvimis Semdeg, raTa balaxi ar dazianebuliyo. ise Sevwuxdi, rom usityvod wavedi saxlisaken.’’

davalebebi:


moswavlis samuSao furceli 1.1(jgufi 3)

rolebis gaTamaSeba




`Cveni binis Tavze erTi moxucebuli kaci marto cxovrobs. guSin saxlSi rom move-di, sadarbazoSi Semosasvlel karTan Sevxvdi, sayidlebidan sursaTiT datvirTuli mosuliyo. mZimed sunTqavda. mominda, davxmarebodi. gamovarTvi mZime CanTa da bi-namde avatanine”.

davalebebi:


33

Tavi 1. pirovnuloba

damxmare masala maswavleblisaTvisstereotipebi da crurwmenebi

ra aris stereotipi?adamianebs xSirad miakuTvneben ama Tu im jgufs, maTi kulturis, religiuri war-

modgenebis, kanis feris, Tmis varcxnilobis an Cacmulobis mixedviT.jgufuri kuTvnilebis gansazRvras xSirad Tan sdevs adamianisaTvis garkveuli

maxasiaTeblebis miwerac. Sedegad, konkretuli warmodgenebi ukavSirdeba adamiane-bis konkretul jgufs. roca es warmodgenebi imdenad gazviadebulia, rom realobas aRar Seesatyviseba, maT stereotipebs vuwodebT.

stereotipebi gvxvdeba wignebSi (saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSic ki), reklamebSi, filmebSi. stereotipia, magaliTad, afrikeli qalis gamosaxva didi tuCebiT, palmis rtoebisagan gakeTebul kabaSi.

stereotipidan crurwmenamde

roca adamians an adamianTa jgufs afaseben mxolod stereotipebis mixedviT, da ara, rogorc pirovnebas an pirovnebaTa jgufs, saqme gvaqvs crurwmenasTan. sxva si-tyvebiT, adamianze an adamianTa jgufze maTi gacnobis gareSe viqmniT warmodgenas. rogorc wesi, aseT damokidebulebebs araferi aqvT saerTo realobasTan, xSirad mtruli da uaryofiTia.

`dadebiTi~ stereotipebi

arsebobs dadebiTi streotipebic. magaliTad, roca amboben, rom Savkanianebi kargad darbian, saqme gvaqvs dadebiT stereotipTan. Tqven SeiZleba ifiqroT, rom araferi cudi ar aris, Tu stereotipi dadebiT warmodgenas amkvidrebs. es damok-idebuleba mcdari iqneboda. ar SeiZleba adamianTa mTeli jgufi gavaerTianoT da maT yvelas erTi Tviseba mivaweroT, Tundac dadebiTi Tviseba. mizezi? es simarTle ver iqneba. gana marTalia, rom yvela Savkaniani swrafad darbis?

riTaa sasargeblo stereotipebi?

crurwmenebi adamianTa cxovrebas amartivebs. Tu ucnaur adamians vxvdebiT, Tavs arc Tu ise komfortulad vgrZnobT. crurwmenebi amgvari diskomfortis miCqmal-vaSi gvexmareba _ SegviZlia Tavi movaCvenoT, rom yvelaferi viciT sxvebis Sesaxeb da kiTxvebis dasma ar gvWirdeba. Sedegad, Tavidanve azrs vukargavT adamianTan Sinaarsian urTierTobas.

ra Sedegebamde mivyavarT crurwmenebs?

crurwmenebi Seuracxmyofelia, upirveles yovlisa imitom, rom adamianisadmi usamarTlo mopyrobas gulisxmoben. crurwmenebi adamians ukargaven SesaZleblobas, aCvenos, vinaa is sinamdvileSi da risi gakeTeba SeuZlia. magaliTad, damsaqmebelma SeiZleba samsaxurSi ar aiyvanos warmoSobiT Turqi, radgan gaugonia, rom Turqebi samsaxurSi igvianeben. zogierTi avrcelebs crurwmenebs, imisda miuxedavad, rom cxovrebaSi arasodes Sexvedria adamiani, romelic am Sexedulebas Tavisi cxovrebi-seuli magaliTiT daadasturebda.

34


ra SeiZleba gavakeToT crurwmenebis winaaRmdeg?

crurwmenebis aRmofxvra rTulia. imedis dakargva ki mainc ar Rirs, radgan ada-mianebi crurwmenebiT ar ibadebian. crurwmenebs adamianebi iTviseben, swavloben. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba maTi daviwyebac. sanam adamians gansji, hkiTxe, Tu ratom moiq-ca ase da ara _ sxvagvarad. gaiTvaliswine, rom ar gesiamovneboda, Tu Sens saqciels ise gansjidnen, rom sityvis Tqmis uflebac ar moecaT.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 1.2rogor aRviqvamT sakuTar Tavs? rogor aRgviqvamen sxvebi?

wyvilebSi muSaoba

komentarebi dis-kusiis Semdeg:_ raze veTanxmebiT

erTmaneTs;_ raze ver

vTanxmdebiT;_ SeniSvnebi.

rogor aRvwer Cems Tavs (sakuTari Tavis aRqma)

rogor aRvwer Cems Tanaklasels (Cem mier sxva adamianis aRqma, misi werilo-biTi daxasiaTeba)

komentarebi dis-kusiis Semdeg:_ raSi veTanxmebiT

erTmaneTs;_ raze ver

vTanxmdebiT;_ SeniSvnebi.

Tavi 2Tanasworoba:

Tqven Cemze meti uflebebi gaqvT?

2.1 msgavsebebi da gansxvavebebiTanaswori var? gansxvavebuli var?

2.2 vesnas ambaviCven rom es mogvsvloda, rogor moviqceodiT?

2.3 qalisa da mamakacis Tanasworobarogor unda movepyroT qalebsa da mamakacebs?

2.4 socialuri samarTlianobarogor unda gavarTvaT Tavi uTanasworobas?

36


Tavi 2. Tanasworoba:


Tanasworoba yvela adamianisTvis Tanabar uflebebs gulisxmobs, miuxedavad maTi sqesis, asakis, religiis, eTnikuri warmomavlobis da a.S.

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis preambula iwyeba Semdegi sityvebiT: àdamianTa ojaxis yvela wevrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Rirsebis da Tanaswori da ganuyofeli uflebebis aRiareba warmoadgens Tavisuflebis, samarTlianobisa da sayovelTao mSvidobis safuZvels~. moqalaqeobis cneba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli Tanasworobis sakiTxebTan. uTa-nasworoba sazogadoebaSi xels uSlis efeqtur moqalaqeobas. Sesabamisad, Tanasworobis idea samoqalaqo ganaTlebis fundamenturi principia. samoqalaqo ganaTleba swavlobs Tanasworobis sakiTxebs da sasicocxlo Zalas aZlevs adamianebs, raTa es ukanasknelni diskriminaciis sxvadasxva formis winaaRmdeg gamovidnen.8

mravalferovneba gulisxmobs TanagrZnobis CarCoebs miRma gasvlas da gansxvave-bebis realur dafasebas. mravalferovnebis idea mniSvnelovania pluralizmisa da multikulturalizmisaTvis. mravalferovneba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis ganaTlebis qvakuTxedia, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaT-vis ganaTleba unda ewinaaRmdegebodes yovelgvar stereotips. sazogadoeba mzad unda iyos, aRiaros da xeli Seuwyos mravalferovnebis yovelgvar gamoxatulebas adgilobriv, erovnul, regionul da saerTaSoriso doneebze.9

solidaroba adamianTa unaria, gascdnen sakuTar sivrces da aRiaron/daicvan sxvaTa uflebebi. es aris demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis ganaTlebis ZiriTadi mizani, ramdenadac is aZlevs adamianebs codnas, unarebsa da Rirebulebebs, rom-lebic aucilebelia sazogadoebaSi cxovrebisaTvis. solidaroba ukavSirdeba qmede-bas, Tumca qmedebasTan erTad garkveul damokidebulebebsac gulisxmobs.10

crurwmenasTan gvaqvs saqme, roca adamians an adamianTa jgufs vafasebT zedapirulad, arasruli informaciis safuZvelze. crurwmenebi SeiZleba iyos dadebiTi an uaryofiTi; maT socializaciis procesSi viTvisebT. rTulia crurwmenebis Secvla an aRmofxvra. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania crurwmenebis identifikaciis unaris ganviTareba.

diskriminacia SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri da iribi. pirdapiri disriminaciaa, roca, magaliTad, dasaqmebis samsaxuri boSis ganacxads ar ibarebs, an roca binas ar aq-iraveben imigrantebze. iribi diskriminacia ukavSirdeba garkveul politikas, kri-teriumebs an zomebs, romlebic, erTi SexedviT, neitraluria, Tumca amoqmedebisTa-nave defaqto barierebs uqmnis adamianTa garkveul jgufebs. magaliTad, simaRlis minimaluri moTxovnebi maTTvis, visac mexanZreoba surs (aseT kriteriums SeiZleba emsxverplos araerTi qalis ganacxadi). sxva magaliTi iqneboda Tavsafriani qalba-tonebis ardaSveba samTavrobo struqturebsa da skolebSi.11

termini „genderi~ aRniSnavs qalebisa da mamakacebis socialurad konstruirebul rolebs, romlebic maT sqesobrivi niSnis mixedviT miewerebaT. amdenad, genderuli rolebi damokidebulia konkretul socio-ekonomikur, politikur da kulturolo-giur konteqstze da ganicdis sxvadasxva faqtoris gavlenas rasis, eTnikurobis, klasis, seqsualuri orientaciisa da asakis mixedviT. genderuli rolebi farTod gansxvavdeba TiToeuli kulturis farglebSi da kulturebs Soris. pirovnebis bi-

8 wignidan `swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis: sityvaTa ganmarteba~, karen o’Sea, evrosabWo (2003), gv. 29

9 igive

10 igive11 igive

37

Tavi 2. Tanasworoba

ologiuri sqesisgan gansxvavebiT, genderuli rolebi SeiZleba Seicvalos.12

adamianis socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebi ukavSirdeba im pirobebs, romlebic aucilebelia pirovnebis sruli ganviTarebisa da saTanado standartis sacxovrebeli pi-robebis misaRwevad da SesanarCuneblad. am uflebebs adamianis uflebaTa `meore Taobis~ saxeliT moixsenieben; maTi cxovrebaSi gatareba sakmaod rTulia, radgan maTi dacva arse-buli resursebis odenobas ukavSirdeba. `meore Taobis~ uflebebi, aseve, moicavs: muSao-bis uflebas, ganaTlebis uflebas, dasvenebis uflebas, saTanado standartis mixedviT cxovrebis uflebas. es uflebebi Camoyalibebulia ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso konvenciaSi, romelic gaeros asambleam 1966 wels miiRo.13

roca socialur samarTlianobaze vsaubrobT, gansxvavebul mosazrebebsa da damokidebulebebs vawydebiT. es mosazrebebi da damokidebulebebi sam farTo kat-egoriad SeiZleba davajgufoT:

_ darvinistebi Tvlian, rom adamiani pasuxismgebelia sakuTar problemebze da Tavad unda eZebos gamosavali; isini miiCneven, rom adamianebs wamaxalisebeli sWirdebaT, raTa ufro gulmodgined miudgnen problemebis gamosavlis Ziebas. darvinistebi socialuri politikis sakiTxebs arc ganixilaven.

_ TanagrZnobiT gamsWvalulni sibralulis grZnobas amJRavneben gaWirvebulTa da tanjulTa mimarT da surT maTi tkivilis Semsubuqeba; maTTvis social-uri da politikuri uflebebi ufro politikis sasurveli mimarTulebebia, vi-dre adamianis uflebaTa nawili. aseTi damokidebuleba meurveobis SemTxvevebs ukavSirdeba _ roca SeZlebuli fenis warmomadgeneli meurveobs gaWirvebuls.

_ samarTlianobis maZiebelni adamianTa arasamarTliani mopyrobis sakiTxiT in-teresdebian, rac maTTvis mTavrobis araswor politikas ukavSirdeba; isini Tvlian, rom gamosavali politikuri da ekonomikuri sistemis cvlilebaa, rac adamianebs siRaribisagan ixsnida.14

Tavi 2. Tanasworoba:



swavlis mizani moswavlis davaleba saWiro masalamoswavleTa CarTulobis forma

gakveTili 1:msgavsebebi da gansxvavebebi

moswavleebs SeuZliaT adamianTa Tanasworobisa da maTi gansxvavebu-lobis principebis axsna.

moswavleebi aanalizeben Tanasworobasa da gansxvavebulobas.

moswavleebi xe-daven msgavsebebsa da gansxvavebebs adamianebs Soris.

moswavleebi gani-xilaven, Tu ra Sedegebi mohyveba gansxvavebulobas.

individualuri muSaobisaTvis gan-kuTvnili rveule-bi an furclebi, kalmebi.

Tu maswavlebeli jgufur muSaobas airCevs, saWiro iqneba didi zomis furclebi da markerebi.

individualu-ri an mcire jgufebSi muSaoba.

12 wignidan `swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis: sityvaTa ganmarteba~, karen o’Sea, evrosabWo (2003), gv. 29

13 igive14 `movaleobebi da sazRvrebi. adamianis uflebebi da globaluri socialuri samarTlianoba~, adami-

anis uflebaTa politikis saerTaSoriso sabWo.

38



swavlis mizani moswavlis davaleba saWiro masalamoswavleTa CarTulobis forma

gakveTili 2:vesnas ambavi

moswavleebi iaz-reben, rom sazoga-doebaSi arsebobs crurwmenebi da diskriminacia.

moswavleebs esmiT diskriminaciis msxverplTa mdgo-mareoba da maTi Sexedulebebi.

moswavleebi ganixi-laven diskrimi-naciis konkretul SemTxvevas da adareben mas saku-Tar qveyanaSi arse-bul mdgomareobas.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 2.1 (aucilebeli ar aris)

jgufuri muSaoba teqstze.

gakveTili 3: qalisa da mamakacis Tanasworoba

moswavleebs SeuZliaT diskrimi-naciis SemTxvevebze reagireba.

moswavleebi iaz-reben qalebisadmi mopyrobis sakiTx-ebs, piradi da sa-zogadoebis mxridan

moswavlis samuSao furcel 2.2-dan erTi ambis amonaridi TiToeuli jgu-fisaTvis. jgu-fi SeiZleba Sedgebodes 4-5 moswavlisagan.

patara jgufebSi muSaoba.

gakveTili 4: social-uri samar-Tlianoba

moswavleebi iaz-reben, rom sazoga-doebaSi gvxvdeba genderul sakiTx-ebTan dakavSirebu-li diskriminaciis SemTxvevebi.

moswavleebi ganixi-laven distribuci-uli samarTliano-bis sakiTxebs.

moswavleebi mTel Tavs ajameben.

moswavlis samuSao furcel 2.3-is aslebi, romelic nawilebad iqneba dayofili moswav-leTa TiToeuli wyvilisaTvis (aucilebeli ar aris).

wyvilebSi muSaoba, kritikuli azrovneba.

gakveTili 1msgavsebebi da gansxvavebebiTanaswori var? gansxvavebuli var?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs SeuZliaT adamianTa Tanasworobisa da maTi gansxvavebulobis principebis axsna. moswavleebi aanalizeben Tanasworobasa da gansxvavebulobas.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi xedaven msgavsebebsa da gansxvavebebs adamianebs Soris. moswavleebi ganixilaven, Tu ra Sedegebi mohyveba gansxvavebulobas.

saWiro masala _ individualuri muSaobisaTvis gankuTvnili rveulebi an furclebi, kalmebi. Tu maswavlebeli jgufur muSaobas airCevs, saWiro iqneba didi zomis furclebi da markerebi.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ individualuri an mcire jgufebSi muSaoba. diskusia.

39

Tavi 2. Tanasworoba

gakveTili

moswavleebi 4-5 kacian jgufebs qmnian. TiToeul jgufs sWirdeba furceli da kalami.

maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, rom dasvams SekiTxvebs, romlebzec maT unda upasuxon `ki~ an àra~. moswavleebma furcelze horizontalurad unda daweron asoebi anidan sanis CaTvliT da asoebis qveS sakmarisi adgili datovon. maswavleb-els SeuZlia igive gaakeTos dafaze.

maswavlebeli iwyebs im SekiTxvebis dasmas anidan sanamde, romlebic SekiTxvebis pirvel nusxaSia warmodgenili. moswavleebi TiToeul SekiTxvas dadebiT (1) an uaryofiT (0) pasuxs scemen. maswavlebeli moswavleebs uxsnis, rom im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu maT eeWvebaT pasuxis siswore, aucilebelia, erT-erTi (ufro savaraudo pa-suxi) Semoxazon.

SekiTxvebis nusxa 1 SekiTxvebis nusxa 2

a. qali xarT?

b. namyofi xarT erTze met ucxo qveyanaSi?

g. giyvarT sporti?

d. ukravT musikalur instrumentze?

e. yavisferi Tvalebi gaqvT?

v. Tqveni orive bebia cocxalia?

z. atarebT saTvaleebs?

T. giyvarT qalaqgareT gasvla?

i. wynari adamiani xarT?

k. saSualoze maRali xarT?

l. naRvliani adamiani xarT?

m. advilad civdebiT?

n. giyvarT mogzauroba?

o. giyvarT silamazis salonSi siaruli?

p. giyvarT kompiuterTan muSaoba?

J. geSiniaT simaRlis?

r. yavisferi girCevniaT Tu lurji?

s. giyvarT xatva?

a. yovelTvis bednierad grZnobT Tavs?

b. TiTebze frCxilebi gaqvT?

g. SegiZliaT Tundac mcireodeni azrovneba?

d. dedam gSobaT?

e. SegiZliaT frena, rogorc Cits, damatebi-Ti mowyobilobis gareSe?

v. SegiZliaT arseboba siTxis miRebis gareSe?

z. sunTqavT?

T. mudmivad wylis qveS cxovrobT?

i. gaqvT grZnobebi?

k. Tqveni sisxli mwvanea?

l. odesme waqceulxarT?

m. kedelSi gaxedva SegiZliaT?

n. sxvebTan komunikacia SegiZliaT?

o. giyvarT kargi amindi?

p. amjobinebdiT, rom adamianebTan ar gqon-deT saqme?

J. ena gaqvT?

r. SegiZliaT wylis zedapirze siaruli (ro-gorc zogierT mwers)?

s. iRlebiT xandaxan?

maswavlebeli TiToeuli jgufidan erT moswavles sTxovs, dafaze Camoweros pa-suxebi pirvel nusxaSi mocemul SekiTxvebze. danarCenma moswavleebma unda Seadaron TavianTi pasuxebi dafaze daweril pasuxebs. aris gansxvavebebi? SeiZleba am gansx-vavebebis Sejameba?

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gascen pasuxebi SekiTxvebs meore nusxi-dan. yoveli jgufidan erTi moswavle pasuxebs dafaze wers da danarCenebi adare-

magaliTi

kiTxvebi: a, b, g, d, e, v, z, T, i ...

pasuxebi: 10101 ....

40


ben TavianT pasuxebs dafaze dawerils. am SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebebi pasuxebs Soris TiTqmis ar fiqsirdeba. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, CamoTvalon kidev ram-denime SekiTxva, romlebzec moswavleebs, maswavleblis molodiniT, msgavsi pasuxebi eqnebaT.

am savarjiSos ganvrcobis mizniT, maswavlebels SeuZlia, daurigos jgufebs didi zomis furclebi, markerebi da sTxovos, Camoweron:

a. sami iseTi magaliTi, roca sxva adamianebTan msgavseba misasalmebelia.

b. sami iseTi magaliTi, roca sxva adamianebisagan gansxvavebuloba misasalmebe-lia.

amocanis gaadvilebis mizniT, maswavlebels SeuZlia, moswavleebs warmoudginos azrovnebis Semdegi CarCo:

situacia, roca msgavseba misasalmebelia ratom?

a.b.g.

a.b.g.

situacia, roca gansxvaveba misasalmebelia ratom?

a.b.g.

a.b.g.

Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs jgufebs, moifiqron sami iseTi situacia, roca gan-sxvavebuloba arasasiamovnoa. am SemTxvevaSic moswavleebs uwevT argumentebis moS-velieba.

situacia, roca gansxvavebuloba arasasiamovnoa

ratom?

a.b.g.

a.b.g.

maswavlebeli ekiTxeba moswavleebs, Tu romeli jgufis `gansxvavebul~ adami-anebs eqcevian xolme cudad da vin eqceva maT cudad.

adamianTa jgufebi, visac cudad eqcevian vin eqceva maT cudad?

a.b.g.

a.b.g.

maswavlebeli sTxovs TiToeul jgufs, warmoadginon pasuxebi. klasi ganixilavs, Tu adamianis uflebaTa ra darRvevebTan gvaqvs saqme TiToeul SemTxvevaSi. am mizniT jgufebs vurigebT moswavlis samuSao furcel 5.2-s: adamianis uflebaTa nusxa.

41

Tavi 2. Tanasworoba

gakveTili 2vesnas ambaviCven rom es mogvsvloda, rogor moviqceodiT?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebi iazreben, rom sazogadoebaSi arsebobs crurwmenebi da diskriminacia. moswavleebs esmiT diskriminaciis msxverplTa mdgomareoba da maTi Sexedulebebi.moswavleebs SeuZliaT diskriminaciis SemTxvevebze reagireba.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi ganixilaven diskriminaciis konkretul SemTxvevas da adareben mas sakuTar qveyanaSi arsebul mdgomareobas.

saWiro masala – moswavlis samuSao furceli 2.1 (SekiTxvebiT) TiToeuli moswavlisaTvis.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ jgufuri muSaoba teqstze.

gakveTili

maswavlebels SeuZlia, xmamaRla waukiTxos moswavleebs samuSao furcel 2.1-Si mocemuli ambavi, an daurigos maT samuSao furclebi da sTxovos, Tavad waikiTxon.

mas Semdeg, rac yvela moswavle moismens/waikiTxavs vesnas ambavs, maswavlebeli sTxovs maT, 4-5 kacian jgufebad daiyon da ganixilon Semdegi SekiTxvebi (samuSao furcel 2.1-ze es SekiTxvebi mocemulia. Tu maswavlebelma moswavleebs vesnas am-bavi waukiTxa, maSin am SekiTxvebis Camowera mouwevs dafaze an flipCartze).

rogor igrZnobdiT Tavs vesnas ambavi Tqven rom gadagxdenodaT? ra reaqcia 1. geqnebodaT, roca Tqveni megobari getyodaT, rom is interviuze miiwvies?

rogor fiqrobT, ratom moiqca maRaziis menejeri ase? TvliT, rom diskrimi-2. naciasTan gvaqvs saqme? daasabuTeT Tqveni mosazreba.

ZiriTadi cnebebi

diskriminacia sazogadoebrivi qcevis farTod gavrcelebuli formaa. diskrimina-

cias mxolod mmarTveli organoebi ar axorcieleben; bevri sxva struqtura da adamiania

CarTuli diskriminaciaSi. gakveTilis realobaSi momxdari ambiT dawyeba saSualebas mis-

cems moswavleebs, gaaanalizon TavianTi qceva.

vesnas ambavi

vesna boSa qalia, romelic Tavis ambavs hyveba:

`tansacmlis maRaziis vitrinaSi SevniSne gancxadeba imis Taobaze, rom maRaziaSi gamy-

idveli sWirdebodaT. isini 18-dan 23 wlamde axalgazrdas eZebdnen. me Sevedi maRaziaSi da

menejers gamyidvelis poziciasTan dakavSirebiT davelapa rake; man mTxova, or dReSi miv-

suliyavi, radgan ganacxadebebis Semosvlas kidev elodebodnen.

me orjer mivbrundi da orivejer analogiuri pasuxiT gamomistumres. erTi kvira gav-

ida. kvlav mivedi maRaziaSi. fanjaraze kvlav gamokruli iyo gancxadeba. menejeri Zalian

dakavebuli iyo da ver damelaparaka. maRaziaSi miTxres, rom gam yidveli ukve aeyvanaT.

Zalian guldawyvetili gamovedi maRaziidan. Cems megobars, romelic ar aris boSa,

vTxove, Sesuliyo maRaziaSi da vakansiis Sesaxeb ekiTxa. man Cemi Txovna Seasrula. Cemi me-

gobari orSabaTs gasaubrebaze daibares.~

42


ra SeeZlo moemoqmeda vesnas? xelewifeboda situaciis Secvla? sxvebs rogor 3. unda aRmoeCinaT daxmareba vesnasTvis?

TvliT, rom kanonis moSvelieba situacias moagvarebda? ra unda eweros kan-4. onSi, romelic aseT situacias SeiZleba miesadagos?

aseTi SemTxveva Tqvens qveyanaSic SeiZleba moxdes? romeli sazogadoebrivi 5. jgufi iqneba safrTxeSi?

maswavlebeli moswavleebisagan pirvelad pasuxebs iTxovs. maswavlebels SeuZlia, TiTo an ramdenime SekiTxva dausvas yvela jgufs cal-calke.

Semdeg maswavlebeli eubneba moswavleebs, rom vesnas ambavi simarTlea da es SemTxveva, daaxloebiT, aTi wlis win moxda. rodesac maRaziis menejers axsna-gan-marteba mosTxoves, misi pasuxi SemdegSi mdgomareobda:

maswavlebeli moswavleebs ukiTxavs adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-14 muxls: àm konvenciaSi mocemul uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa gamoyeneba uzrun-velyofili iqneba yvelasaTvis, nebismier safuZvelze diskriminaciis gareSe, iseTze, rogoricaa sqesi, rasa, kanis feri, ena, religia, politika Tu rwmena, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmoSoba, kavSiri erovnul umciresobasTan, qoneba, dabadebis adgili Tu sxva statusi~. Semdeg ki ukiTxavs adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis me-2 muxls: àm deklaraciiT gamocxadebuli yvela ufleba da yvela Tavisufleba miniWebuli unda hqondes yovel adamians, ganurCevlad raime gansxvavebis, saxel dobr, rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiis, politikuri Tu sxva rwmenis, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmomavlobis, qonebrivi, wodebrivi Tu sxva mdgomareobisa.~

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, es amonaridebi vesnas ambavTan daakavSiron. gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli moswavleebs vesnas ambis realur dasasruls umxels:

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moamzadon werili maRaziis menejeris, an qalaqis meris saxelze. es werili moswavleebis pirovnul damokidebulebasac unda asaxavdes da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos poziciasac. werilebis ganxilva SeiZleba moewyos saklaso mecadineobebis Semdeg.

menejeris pasuxi:

`me CavTvale, rom vesnas am maRaziaSi muSaoba gauWirdeboda, radgan maRaziisagan Sors

cxovrobs da yoveldRiurad didi manZilis gavla dasWirdeboda. yovel dRe 8 milis gam-

ovla da ori avtobusis Secvla mouwevda. rTulia maRaziis gaZRola, roca TanamSromlebi

igvianeben. Sesabamisad, upiratesobas mivaniWebdi aplikants, romelic axlos cxovrobs.

pirovneba, vinc gamyidvalis Tanamdebobaze aviyvane, am kriteriums akmayofilebda.~

vesnas ambis dasasruli

`vesnam iCivla specialur evropul sasamarTloSi, romelic diskriminaciis SemTxvevebs

ganixilavs. sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom es iyo diskriminaciis SemTxveva, radgan aplikan-

tebi, romlebic maRaziidan moSorebiT cxovrobdnen, interviuze daibares, vesna ki _ ara.

gogona, romelic gamyidvelad aiyvanes, iyo 16 wlis, TeTrkaniani da maRaziidan imave man-

ZiliT iyo daSorebuli misi sacxovrebeli, rogorc vesnasi. sasamarTlos ganCinebis safuZ-

velze, maRazias vesnasTvis materialuri kompensaciis gadaxda mouwia.~

43

Tavi 2. Tanasworoba

gakveTili 3qalisa da mamakacis Tanasworobarogor unda movepyroT qalebsa da mamakacebs?

swavlis mizani _ mosawvleebi acnobiereben genderuli diskriminaciis fenomens. moswav-leebs esmiT genderuli diskriminaciis msxverplTa mdgomareoba. moswavleebs SeuZliaT diskriminaciis SemTxvevebze reagireba.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi iazreben qalebisadmi mopyrobis sakiTxebs, maTi piradi da sazogadoebis mxridan.

saWiro masala – moswavlis samuSao furcel 2.2-dan erTi ambis amonaridi TiToeuli jgu-fisaTvis. didi zomis furceli da markeri TiToeuli jgufisaTvis.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ patara jgufebSi muSaoba. dikusia da prezentaciebi.

gakveTili

moswavleebs vyofT 4-5 kacian jgufebad; maT vurigebT TiTo ambavs moswavlis samuSao furcel 2.2-dan. roca moswavleebi waikiTxaven ambavs, maT unda ganixilon SekiTxvebi, romlebic teqsts Tan erTvis.

Semdeg maswavlebeli TiToeul ambavTan dakavSirebul diskusias uZRveba. dis-kusia iwyeba imiT, rom jgufidan erTi moswavle mokled hyveba ambavs da ayalibebs jgufis pasuxebs SekiTxvebze.

roca TiToeuli jgufi pasuxebs warmoadgens, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, waikiTxon, rac dafazea dawerili da moiyvanon or-ori magaliTi, sqesobriv da gen-derul gansxvavebebTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTebis moyvana aucilebelia, raTa yvela moswavlem kargad gaiazros es gansxvavebebi.

sqesi genderi

biologiurad gansazRvruli socialurad gansazRvruli

statikuri, ar icvleba dinamikuri, cvlas eqvemdebareba

`sqesi ukavSirdeba qalisa da mamakacis bunebrivad ganmasxvavebel biologiur maxasiaTeblebs~.

`genderi qalsa da mamakacs Soris arsebul socialur, da ara biologiur, gansxvavebebTan dakavSirebuli cnebaa. genderis gageba icvleba da gansxvavdeba istoriuli, kulturuli, tradiciuli, geografiuli, religiuri, socialuri da ekonomikuri faqtorebis mixedviT~.

mowavleebs jgufebSi vurigebT didi zomis furclebsa da markerebs. isini iwye-ben imis ganxilvas, Tu ramdenad uwyobs maTi skola xels genderul Tanasworobas. Tu moswavleebi daaskvian, rom skola genderul Tanasworobas xels uwyobs, mouwevT

informacia

didi gzaa gasavleli im dRemde, roca qalebsa da mamakacebs kanoni da cxovreba

Tanasworad moepyroba. genderuli uTanasworobis SemTxvevebs yoveldRiurad vxedavT

skolaSi, saxlsa da samsaxurSi, rac zrdis Cvens survils, ukeTesad gaviazroT es sakiTxi.

winamdebare gakveTili gvTavazobs, SemovitanoT cvlilebebi Cvens yoveldRiur saskolo

da saklaso cxovrebaSi.

44


5 magaliTis moyvana am mosazrebis dasadastureblad. Tu pasuxi uaryofiTia, moswav-leebma unda Camoayalibon 5 SesaZlo nabiji, rac skolaSi genderuli Tanasworobis damkvirdebas Seuwyobda xels.

TiToeuli jgufi klasis winaSe warmoadgens Tavis Sedegebs. Tu maswavlebels survili aqvs, es samuSao proeqtad aqcios, mas SeuZlia, sTxovos

moswavleebs, SearCion ramdenime idea, romelic skolaSi genderuli Tanasworobis damkvidrebas Seuwyobda xels. moswavleebma am ideebis sisruleSi moyvanis gegma unda SeimuSaon. gegma unda moicavdes saboloo mizans, nabijebs saboloo miznisaken, pasuxismgebel pirebsa da drois CarCoebs.

gegmis nimuSi

saboloo mizani:......................................................................................................................................................................

ra unda gakeTdes? vin gaakeTebs? rodisTvis?

gakveTili 4socialuri samarTlianobarogor unda gavarTvaT Tavi uTanasworobas?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebi iazreben, rom sazogadoebaSi gvxvdeba genderul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli diskriminaciis SemTxvevebi.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi ganixilaven distribuciuli samarTlianobis sakiTxebs. moswavleebi imeoreben bolo gakveTilebze ganxilul masalas.

saWiro masala – moswavlis samuSao furcel 2.3-is aslebi, romelic nawilebad iqneba day-ofili moswavleTa TiToeuli wyvilisaTvis (aucilebeli ar aris).

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ muSaoba teqstze, wyvilebSi muSaoba, kritikuli azrovneba.

gakveTili

maswavlebeli moswavleebs gakveTilis gegmas acnobs: moswavleebisaTvis moTxro-bis darigebis Semdeg, isini mis kiTxvas iwyeben. TiToeuli nawilis wakiTxvis Semdeg moswavleebi diskusias gamarTaven. maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs teqsti Tavad waukiTxos.

informacia:

Cvens sazogadoebaSi ar arsebobs Tanxmoba imaze, Tu ra aris socialuri samarTlianoba.

am gakveTilSi warmodgenili ambavi daexmareba moswavleebs, gaiazron, ramdenad rTuli da

mravalmxrivia es sakiTxi da ra unda iyos socialuri samarTlianobis ZiriTadi principebi.

45

Tavi 2. Tanasworoba

maswavlebeli moswavleebs wyvilebad hyofs da TiToeul wyvils urigebs mos-wavlis samuSao furcel 2.3-is pirvel nawils. maswavlebels SeuZlia, waukiTxos is moswavleebs, romelime moswavles sTxovos wakiTxva, an moswavleebs misces ramdenime wuTi, raTa isini Tavad gaecnon teqsts.

moTxroba: I nawili

maswavlebeli moswavleebs pirvel SekiTxvas usvams: aqvs Tu ara am kunZulis patrons moraluri valdebuleba, rom gadarCenili xalxi Tavis kunZulze dauSvas? dasaxmareblad maswavlebeli maT ukiTxavs sxvadasxva variants da TiToeul wyvils sTxovs, daeTanxmon, an uaryon es variantebi. moswavleebi wyvilebSi muSaoben da, TiToeul varinatTan dakavSirebiT, sakuTar damokidebulebas iniSnaven. es varian-tebia:

a. kunZulis mepatrones SeuZlia, ar dauSvas es adamianebi Tavis kunZulze;

b. kunZulis mepatrones SeuZlia, ar dauSvas es adamianebi Tavis kunZulze, radgan mas mouwevs am xalxis gamokveba;

g. kunZulis mepatrones SeuZlia, ar dauSvas Tavis kunZulze isini, vinc verafers gadauxdis mas (fuliT, ZvirfaseulobiT, an sakuTari SromiT);

d. kunZulis mepatronem unda misces am xalxs saSualeba, rom kunZulze darCnen, ramden xansac saWiro iqneba. gadarCenili xalxi ki moralurad valdebulia, pativi sces kunZulis mepatronis sakuTrebasa da pirad cxovrebas;

e. kunZulis mepatronem gadarCenili xalxi kunZulze upirobod unda dauSvas da kunZulis TanamesakuTreebad CaTvalos.

maswavlebels SeuZlia, dasvas Semdegi tipis SekiTxvebi, raTa moswavleebis damok-idebuleba gansazRvros: `ramdenma Tqvenganma CaTvala, rom arCevani a aris yvelaze misaRebi?~ `ramdenma airCia varianti b~? `ratom~?

Semdeg maswavlebli moswavleebs moTxrobis meore nawils urigebs.

`daaxloebiT erTi saaTi gavida gangaSis pirvel zarsa da gem `dedofal medis~

CaZirvas Soris. Sesabamisad, mgzavrebs hqondaT garkveuli dro, raTa organizebulad

Camsxdariyvnen samaSvelo navebSi. Zlieri qaris gamo, gemi Seejaxa navTobtankers, ramac

gemis CaZirva gamoiwvia.

daaxloebiT 12 saaTis Semdeg, samaSvelo navebi patara kunZuls miuaxlovdnen. am kun-

Zuls ovaluri forma hqonda - 1.5 km sigrZis da 700 metramde siganis; nawilobriv dafar-

uli iyo tyiT. axlomaxlos sxva kunZuli ar Canda. am mzian kunZulze aravin cxovrobda,

riSalonebis ojaxis garda, romlebic SemaRlebul adgilas, Zvirfas vilaSi saxlobdnen

da mTel kunZuls flobdnen.

es ojaxi kunZulze ramdenime wlis win dasaxlda da TiTqmis ar ekontaqteboda danarCen

samyaros; maT ise hqondaT awyobili cxovreba, rom yovelTviurad iRebden saWiro sakvebs,

sawvavs da sxva nivTebs. es yvelaferi maTTan, kunZulze SekveTiT mohqondaT. riSalonebs

Zalian kargad hqondaT organizebuli yvelaferi: isini Tavad awarmobdnen eleqtroen-

ergias, SeeZloT sakmarisi sakvebi da sasmeli SeekveTaT da komfortuli cxovrebisaTvis

yvela aucilebeli piroba hqondaT Seqmnili. am kunZulis mepatrone warsulSi Zalian war-

matebuli biznesmeni iyo; sagadasaxado problemebis gamo, mas imedi gaucruvda amqveyniur

cxovrebaze da gadawyvita, garideboda yoveldRiurobas.

kunZulis mepatronem SeniSna, rom xalxiT savse samaSvelo navebi mis kunZuls miuax-

lovdnen da gamovida xalxTan”.

46


moTxroba: II nawili

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gadawyviton, Tu vin unda gamoiyenos es TavSesafari. dasaxmareblad maswavlebeli ukiTxavs sxvadasxva variants da sTxovs TiToeul wyvils, daeTanxmon, an uaryon es variantebi. moswavleebi wyvilebSi muSao-ben da, TiToeul variantTan dakavSirebiT, sakuTar damokidebulebas iniSnaven. es variantebia:

a. orsuli qali da misi bavSvebi;

b. oTxi axalgazrda megobari, radgan mxolod maT SeuZliaT am TavSesafris sacx-ovreblad mowyoba;

g. Zvirfaseulobis gamyidveli, romelsac SeuZlia safasuris gadaxda;

d. marko da misi megobari gogona, im pirobiT, rom sakvebs sxvebsac gauziareben;

e. iuristi, romelsac am xalxs Soris mediatoris funqciis Sesruleba SeuZlia.

mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi TavianT pasuxebs Camoayalibeben, maswavlebeli moTxrobis Semdeg nawilze gadadis.

moTxroba: III nawili

axla ki wyvilebma unda gadawyviton, Tu vin unda miiRos sakvebi markos mier gemidan wamoRebuli maragidan. moswavleTa dasaxmareblad, maswavlebeli kiTxulobs sxvadasxva variants da TiToeul wyvils sTxovs, daeTanxmon, an uaryon es variante-bi. moswavleebi wyvilebSi muSaoben da, TiToeul varinatTan dakavSirebiT, sakuTar

`kunZulis mepatronem neba darTo dazaralebulebs, cota xniT darCeniliyvnen kun-

Zulze; is moeloda, rom gadarCenili xalxi sakuTari saWmlisa da maTi momsaxurebis fuls

gadaixdida. manam, sanam xalxs gemidan wamoRebuli saWmeli hqonda, kunZulis mepatrone

sakuTar saWmels ar hyidda.

sul 13 adamiani gadarCa; maT Soris iyvnen: viqtori da misi orsuli meuRle ori bavS-

viT (7 da 3 wlis); joni, qeiTi, leo da alfredi _ 4 axalgazrda megobari _ Zlierni, jan-

mrTelni da moxrxebulni, romlebic manamde maT mierve mowyobil saxlSi erTad cxov-

robdnen; 64 wlis abramoviCi, mdidari ZvirfaseulobiT movaWre; es ukanaskneli gaxldaT

jgufis yvelaze mxcovani wevri, mas ar hyavda naTesavebi da megobrebi. abramoviCs Tan

hqonda oqros beWdebis, briliantebis da sxva Zvirfasi Tvlebis mTeli koleqcia; marias,

iurists, romelic universitetSi naxevar ganakveTze muSaobda, awuxebda marcxena fexi

da Zlivs dadioda; marias Tan axlda maqsi, misi asistenti universitetSi. maria da maqsi,

penitencialuri samarTlis specialistebi, erTad miemgzavrebodnen aSS-Si, raTa kon-

ferenciaze erToblivi prezentaciagaekeTebinaT; marko da misi megobari gogona viki ki

gemis ekipaJis gadarCenili wevrebi iyvnen, romlebmac gemidan wamoiRes sxvadasxva sakve-

bi, cximi da WurWeli.

yvela gadarCenils cotaodeni fuli hqonda Tan. gansakuTrebiT bevri fuli hqonda

markos, romelmac es fuli erT-erTi binidan moipara im bolo portSi, sadac gemi CaZirvamde

SeCerda.

kunZulze, zRvispiras, patara zomis nagebobaSi, erTaderTi oTaxi iyo, romelSic 2-3

adamiani Tu daeteoda.~

`gadarCenil xalxs unda moefiqrebina, ra SeiZleba moemoqmedaT, raTa marko sakvebis

gaziarebaze daTanxmeboda. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sakvebis gaziarebiT marko sakuTari

da misi megobari gogonis gadarCenis SesaZleblobas Seamcirebda~.

47

Tavi 2. Tanasworoba

damokidebulebas iniSnaven. es variantebia:

a. markos unda mieces saSualeba, rom sakvebi TavisTvis da vikisTvis Seinaxos;

b. gemidan wamoRebuli sakvebi Tanabrad unda ganawildes gadarCenil adami-anebze;

g. sakvebi unda darCes mas, vinc yvelaze did fuls gadaixdis (gadaxdis saSualeba, aseve, SeiZleba iyos saqoneli, an momsaxureba).

mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi TavianT pasuxebs Camoayalibeben, maswavlebeli moTxrobis bolo nawilze gadadis.

moTxroba: IV nawili

moswavleebi wyvilebSi ganixilaven, Tu vin SeiZleba mosTxovos sakvebi kunZulis mepatrones da rogor SeiZleba gakeTdes es.

moswavleTa dasaxmareblad, maswavlebeli kiTxulobs sxvadasxva variants da TiToeul wyvils sTxovs, daeTanxmon, an uaryon es variantebi. moswavleebi wyvi-lebSi muSaoben da, TiToeul varinatTan dakavSirebiT, sakuTar damokidebulebas iniSnaven. es variantebia:

a. TiToeuli adamiani individualur molaparakebaze midis kunZulis mepatron-esTan (sakvebis kompensacias gadaixdian fuliT, saqonliT an momsaxurebiT). aseT SemTxvevaSi, qalbatoni (ori bavSviT) da iuristi (asistentiT) ukiduresad mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndebian;

b. yvela arsebuli resursi (fuli da Zvirfaseuloba) Tanabrad unda gadanawildes ga-darCenilebze, Tavdapirveli mesakuTris gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. Sesabamisad, yvela moipovebs Tanabari raodenobis sakvebs. damatebiTi sakvebis mosapoveblad ki adami-ans kunZulis mepatronisaTvis garkveuli samuSaoebis Sesruleba dasWirdeba;

g. variati b Semdegi damatebiT: yvela muSaobs SesaZleblobebis mixedviT da sxvebs unawilebs sakuTari SromiT mopovebul sakvebs;

d. ZvirfaseulobiT movaWres SeuZlia, iyidos yvelaferi, rasac kunZulis mepa-trone mihyidis mas da danarCenebs sakvebiT `daexmaros~.

pasuxebis mosmenis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs am moTxrobis realur cxovrebasTan misadagebaSi exmareba.

msgavsi situaciebi realobaSi Tu SegxvedriaT/gagigoniaT maT Sesaxeb?a..... Tqvens samezobloSi an ojaxSi?b..... Tqvens qveyanaSi?g..... msoflioSi? im realur faqtebze dayrdnobiT, rac saWmlis, wylis, sacxovreblis da a. S.

ganawilebaze gsmeniaT, ras TvliT usamarTlobad?a..... Tqvens samezobloSi an ojaxSi?b..... Tqvens qveyanaSi?g..... msoflioSi? ratom?

`gadarCenilebma gadawyvites, rom sakvebi unda gaiziaron yovelgvari kompensaciis ga-

reSe; maT moralur valdebulebaze miTiTebiT aiZules marko, daeTmo mTeli sakvebi. daax-

loebiT, erT kviraSi aRar darCa aranairi sakvebi. vilis mepatronisagan sakvebis moTxovna

gadarCenis erTaderT gzas warmoadgenda.~

48


gakveTilis bolos ganxilul unda iqnas am Tavis mTavari cneba. maswavlebelma am Temas SeiZleba kidev erTi gakveTili dauTmos. maswavlebli iwyebs mokle leqciiT da moswavleebs TanasworobasTan da mravalferovnebasTan dakavSirebiT awvdis in-formacias; mas SeuZlia, moamzados moswavlis samuSao furceli, romelic sxvadasxva ganmartebas moicavs. Semdeg moswavleebi mcire zomis jgufebSi mimoixilaven ganvlil oTx gakveTils: ra ganixiles? ra iswavles? romel axal SekiTxvebze Cafiqrdnen? am droisaTvis, moswavleebs, sasurvelia, hqondeT winadadebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda aRmofxvran uTanasworobis SemTxvevebi TavianT realur cxovrebaSi.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 2.1vesnas ambavi

vesna boSa qalia, romelic Tavis ambavs hyveba:`tansacmlis maRaziis vitrinaSi SevniSne gancxadeba imis Taobaze, rom maRazia-

Si gamyidveli sWirdebodaT. isini 18-dan 23 wlamde axalgazrdas eZebdnen. me Sevedi maRaziaSi da menejers gamyidvelis poziciasTan dakavSirebiT davelaparake; man mTxova, or dReSi mivsuliyavi, radgan ganacxadebis Semosvlas kidev elodebodnen.

me orjer mivbrundi da orivejer analogiuri pasuxiT gamomistumres. erTi kvi-ra gavida. kvlav mivedi maRaziaSi. fanjaraze kvlav gamokruli iyo gancxadeba. mene-jeri Zalian dakavebuli iyo da ver damelaparaka. maRaziaSi miTxres, rom gamyidveli ukve aeyvanaT.

Zalian guldawyvetili gamovedi maRaziidan. Cems megobars, romelic ar aris boSa, vTxove, Sesuliyo maRaziaSi da vakansiis Sesaxeb ekiTxa. man Cemi Txovna Seasrula. Cemi megobari orSabaTs gasaubrebaze daibares.~

SekiTxvebi:

rogor igrZnobdiT Tavs vesnas ambavi rom Tqven gadagxdenodaT? ra reaqcia 1. geqnebodaT, roca Tqveni megobari getyodaT, rom is interviuze miiwvies?

rogor fiqrobT, ratom moiqca maRaziis menejeri ase? TvliT, rom diskrimi-2. naciasTan gvaqvs saqme? daasabuTeT Tqveni mosazreba.

ra SeeZlo vesnas moemoqmeda? xelewifeboda mas situaciis Secvla? rogor 3. unda aRmoeCinaT sxvebs daxmareba vesnasTvis?

TvliT, rom kanonis moSvelieba situacias moagvarebda? ra unda eweros kan-4. onSi, romelic aseT situacias SeiZleba miesadagos?

aseTi SemTxveva Tqvens qveyanaSic moxdeboda? Tu moxdeboda, romeli sazoda-5. goebrivi jgufi iqneboda safrTxeSi?

moswavlis samuSao furceli 2.2mamakacebi da qalebi: moTxroba

ambavi 1

ès araerTxel momsvlia. dedaCemi Tvlis, rom sadilis Semdeg bavSvebma unda aalagon magida, WurWeli samzareuloSi gaitanon, yvelaferi darecxon, gaamSral-on da karadaSi daabinaon. Cemma Zmebma, romlebic Cemze didebi iyvnen, miTxres, rom

49

Tavi 2. Tanasworoba

es maTi saqme ar iyo da magida me unda amelagebina xolme, radgan me gogona viyavi. me iZulebuli viyavi, maT davmorCilebodi. saRamos mamas SevCivle es ambavi. mamam miTxra, rom kargia, Tu saojaxo saqmis keTebas miveCvevi, radgan es diasaxlisobisaT-vis momamzadebs.~

SekiTxvebi

Tqvens ojaxSi aseTi ram moxdeboda?1.

warmoidgineT, rom es gogona Tqven xarT. ras etyodiT Tqvens Zmebs? ras 2. etyodiT mamas?

eTanxmebiT Tu ara adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis pirvel 3. muxls? rogor SeiZleba mivusadagoT deklaraciis es muxli zemoT moyvanil ambavs?

`yvela adamiani ibadeba Tavisufali da Tanaswori Tavisi RirsebiTa da uflebe-biT~.

ambavi 2

`skolis saTamaSo moedanze Cem garSemo eqvsi biWi idga. isini erTmaneTs eubne-bodnen: `biWebo, es marTla gogoa? xom ar Segvemowmebina?~ erT-erTi maTgani am si-tyvebis Semdeg momiaxlovda da CemTan Sexeba scada. swored am dros saTamaSo moe-danze direqtori Semovida. biWebi maSinve gaiqcnen.~

SekiTxvebi

SeiZleba Tu ara, rom analogiuri SemTxveva Tqveni skolis saTamaSo moedanze 1. moxdes? moiyvaneT magaliTebi.

warmoidgineT, rom es gogona Tqven xarT. ras etyodiT am biWebs?2.

warmoidgineT, rom am scenas Soridan sxva biWi xedavs. unda Caerios is? gan-3. marteT Tqveni mosazreba. Tu Carevis momxre xarT, rogor SeZlebda es biWi Carevas?

Semdegi ganmartebis mixedviT, es SemTxveva `seqsualur Seuracxyofad~ 4. SeiZleba CaiTvalos?

`seqsualuri Seuracxyofa aris seqsualuri xasiaTis sityvieri, moqmedebiT gamoxatuli, an fsiqologiuri qmedeba, romelic adamianis Tavmoyvareobas laxavs, iwvevs SiSs, mtrul damokidebulebas. seqsualuri Seuracxyofa ukavSirdeba sawi-naarmdego sqess, an sxva seqsualur orientacias da msxverplisaTvis miuRebel fizi-kur Tu sityvier miniSnebebs an saqciels moicavs.~

ambavi 3

`me, rogorc inJinerma, samSeneblo kompaniaSi teqnikuri menejeris Tanamdebobaze Sevitane ganacxadi. mimiwvies testirebaze, 24 sxva kandidatTan erTad. yvela ma-makaci iyo, Cem garda. testirebis Semdeg SeirCa 5 adamiani, romelsac generalur menejerTan interviu unda hqonoda. miuxedavad imisa, rom testirebis SedegebiT me-3 adgilze movxvdi, interviuze ar mimiwvies (Cemi testirebis qulebi konfiden-cialurad gavige megobrisagan, romelic am kompaniis administraciaSi muSaobda). Sevecade, generalur menejers telefoniT davkavSirebodi. saubris dros vkiTxe,

50


intervius kandidatebis SerCevisas Tu gaiTvaliswines sqesi. man miTxra, rom sqesi ar gauTvaliswinebiaT, Tumca dasZina, rom zogierT Tanamdebobaze qalebis ayvana arasasurvelia, radgan, orsulobis SemTxvevaSi, maT samsaxuris droebiT datoveba uwevT, es ki problemebs qmnis xolme. generalurma menejerma isic miTxra, rom qals am Tanamdebobaze muSaoba gauWirdeboda, radgan gundSi mxolod mamakacebi muSao-bdnen. Sesabamisad, misi TqmiT, bedma gamiRima, rom ar SemarCies.~

SekiTxvebi

SeiZleba aseTi raRac Tqvens regionSi arsebul kompaniaSic moxdes? 1.

warmoidgineT, rom Tqven es qali xarT. ras etyodiT generalur menejers?2.

generaluri menejeris aseTi saqcieli Seesabameba Tqveni qveynis kanonmde-3. blobas? Tu ar Seesabameba, rogor daadasturebdiT amas?

`samsaxurSi ayvanisas, adamianis nebismieri genderuli diskriminacia _ vakansiis ganacxadSi, SerCevis procesSi, daqiravebisa da gaTavisuflebis dros _ ewinaaRmde-geba am kanons~.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 2.3gemis CaZirva

nawili I

`daaxloebiT erTi saaTi gavida gangaSis pirvel zarsa da gem `dedofal medis~ CaZirvas Soris. Sesabamisad, mgzavrebs hqondaT garkveuli dro, raTa organizebu-lad Camsxdariyvnen samaSvelo navebSi. Zlieri qaris gamo, gemi Seejaxa navTobtank-ers, ramac gemis CaZirva gamoiwvia.

daaxloebiT 12 saaTis Semdeg, samaSvelo navebi patara kunZuls miuaxlovdnen. am kunZuls ovaluri forma hqonda _ 1.5 km sigrZis da 700 metramde siganis; nawilobriv dafaruli iyo tyiT. axlomaxlos sxva kunZuli ar Canda. am mzian kunZulze ara-vin cxovrobda, riSalonebis ojaxis garda, romlebic SemaRlebul adgilas, Zvirfas vilaSi saxlobdnen da mTel kunZuls flobdnen.

es ojaxi kunZulze ramdenime wlis win dasaxlda da TiTqmis ar ekontaqteboda danarCen samyaros; maT ise hqondaT awyobili cxovreba, rom yovelTviurad iRebden saWiro sakvebs, sawvavs da sxva nivTebs. es yvelaferi kunZulze SekveTiT mohqon-daT. riSalonebs Zalian kargad hqondaT organizebuli yvelaferi: isini Tavad awar-mobdnen eleqtroenergias, SeeZloT sakmarisi sakvebi da sasmeli SeekveTaT da kom-fortuli cxovrebisaTvis yvela aucilebeli piroba hqondaT Seqmnili. warsulSi am kunZulis mepatrone Zalian warmatebuli biznesmeni iyo; sagadasaxado problemebis gamo, mas imedi gaucruvda amqveyniur cxovrebaze da gadawyvita, garideboda yovel-dRiurobas.

kunZulis mepatronem SeniSna, rom xalxiT savse samaSvelo navebi mis kunZuls miuaxlovdnen da gamovida xalxTan.~

nawili II

`kunZulis mepatronem neba darTo dazaralebulebs, cota xniT darCeniliyvnen kunZulze; is moeloda, rom gadarCenili xalxi sakuTari saWmlisa da maTi momsax-

51

Tavi 2. Tanasworoba

urebis fuls gadaixdida. manam, sanam xalxs gemidan wamoRebuli saWmeli hqonda, kunZulis mepatrone sakuTar saWmels ar hyidda.

sul 13 adamiani gadarCa; maT Soris iyvnen: viqtori da misi orsuli meuRle ori bavSviT (7 da 3 wlis); joni, qeiTi, leo da alfredi _ 4 axalgazrda megobari _ Zlierni, janmrTelni da moxrxebulni, romlebic manamde maT mierve mowyobil sax-lSi erTad cxovrobdnen; 64 wlis abramoviCi, mdidari ZvirfaseulobiT movaWre; es ukanaskneli gaxldaT jgufis yvelaze mxcovani wevri, mas ar hyavda naTesavebi da megobrebi. abramoviCs Tan hqonda oqros beWdebis, briliantebis da sxva Zvirfasi Tvlebis mTeli koleqcia; marias, iurists, romelic universitetSi naxevar ganakve-Tze muSaobda, awuxebda marcxena fexi da Zlivs dadioda; marias Tan axlda maqsi, misi asistenti universitetSi. maria da maqsi, penitencialuri samarTlis special-istebi, erTad miemgzavrebodnen aSS-Si, raTa konferenciaze erToblivi prezenta-cia gaekeTebinaT; marko da misi megobari gogona viki ki gemis ekipaJis gadarCenili wevrebi iyvnen, romlebmac gemidan sxvadasxva sakvebi, cximi da WurWeli wamoiRes.

yvela gadarCenils cotaodeni fuli hqonda Tan. gansakuTrebiT bevri fuli hqonda markos, romelmac es fuli erT-erTi binidan moipara im bolo portSi, sadac gemi CaZirvamde SeCerda.

kunZulze, zRvispiras, patara zomis nagebobaSi erTaderTi oTaxi iyo, romelSic 2-3 adamiani Tu daeteoda.~

nawili III

`gadarCenil xalxs unda moefiqrebina, ra SeiZleba moemoqmedebinaT, raTa marko sakvebis gaziarebaze daeyoliebinaT. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sakvebis gaziarebiT marko sakuTari da misi megobari gogonas gadarCenis SesaZleblobas Seamcirebda.~

nawili IV

`gadarCenilebma gadawyvites, rom sakvebi unda gaiziaron yovelgvari kompensaci-is gareSe; maT, moralur valdebulebaze miTiTebiT, aiZules marko, daeTmo mTeli sakvebi. daaxloebiT erT kviraSi aRar darCa aranairi sakvebi. vilis mepatronisagan sakvebis moTxovna gadarCenis erTaderT gzas warmoadgenda.~

Tavi 3.mravalferovneba da pluralizmi

rogor SeiZleba adamianebma erTad, mSvidobianad icxovron?

3.1 rogor SeiZleba adamianebma erTad icxovron?rogor aviTarebs ganaTleba Semwynareblobasa da urTierTgagebas?

3.2 ratom arsebobs adamianebs Soris uTanxmoeba?ras efuneba adamianTa Soris gansxvavebebi?

3.3 riTi gansxvavdebian adamianebi erTmaneTisagan?ramdenad gansxvavebulia adamianTa saWiroebebi?

3.4 ratomaa mniSvnelovani adamianis uflebebi?ratom gvWirdeba admianis uflebaTa amsaxveli kanonmdebloba daucvelTa dasacavad?

54


Tavi 3: mravalferovneba da pluralizmi


es Tavi sam ZiriTad cnebazea orientirebuli, esenia: mravalferovneba, plural-izmi da demokratia. Semdegi oTxi gakveTili moswavleebs daexmareba, dainaxon am sam cnebas Soris kavSiri da ganuviTarebs maT midgomebsa da unarebs, romlebic aucile-belia pluralistul, demokratiulad marTul qveyanaSi cxovrebisaTvis.

pluralizmi Tanamedrove sazogadoebebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia. pluralistul sazogadoebaSi misaRebia religiuri da politikuri rwmenis mraval-ferovneba iseve, rogorc sxvadasxva politikuri partiis mier danaxuli idealuri sazogadoebebis urTierTTavsebadobis ararseboba. magaliTad, pluralistur sa-zogadoebaSi SevxvdebiT radikalur socialistebsac da memarjvene kapitalistebsac; adamianebs SeuZliaT, airCion is rwmena da midgomebi, romlebic maTTvis yvelaze mis-aRebia. Sesabamisad, pluralisturi sazogadoeba yovelTvis gamowvevis winaSea: erTi mxriv, adamianebs aqvT pirovnuli Tavisufleba, magram, meore mxriv, maT uwevT ufro aqtiuri urTierTTanamSromloba SeTanxmebis misaRwevad. SeTanxmebisa da daTmobe-bis gareSe pluralisturi sazogadoeba ver gadarCeba. ismeba kiTxva: romeli poli-tikuri sistema uzrunvelyofs Ria, pluralistur sazogadoebaSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesis yvelaze efeqtur organizacias?

avtoritarul sistemaSi (erTpartiuli mmarTveloba, Teokratia, an diqtatura) erT moTamaSes (partias an liders) SeuZlia gadawyvetilebebis miReba, yvela adami-anis saerTo interesis gaTvaliswinebiT. Sedegad, avtoritarizms msxverplad ewireba adamianebis Tavisufleba. aseT sazogadoebaSi adamianebis problemebis artikulacia barierebTanaa dakavSirebuli. Sesabamisad, gadawyvetilebebi ar aris samarTliani.

demokratiul sistemaSi moqalaqeebi Tanxmdebian ZiriTad principebze, proce-durebsa da uflebebze, romlebic sakamaTo sakiTxebze mSvidobiani SeTanxmebis miRwevis saSualebas iZlevian. demokratia xels uwyobs mSvidobas pluralistur sazogadoebaSi, radgan civilur formaSi aqcevs yvela uTanxmoebas. saerTo interess erTi pirovneba an partia ar gansazRvravs. saerTo interesi ganisazRvreba molaparakebisa da SeTanxmebis safuZvelze. demokratiuli mmarTvelobis pirobebSi moqalaqeebs aqvT cnobierebis, rwmenisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba. am uflebaTa gamoyenebisas, bunebrivia, rom iqm-neba uTanxmoeba da konfliqti. Sesabamisad, molaparakeba, daTmoba da gamosavlis Zebna demokratiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli procesebia. pluralistur demokratiaSi moqalaqee-bi socialur saerTo wesebze Tanxmdebian, rac konfliqtebis gadaWris saerTo regula-ciebs, socialur da politikur normebze SeTanxmebas gulisxmobs.

socialuri kontraqtis nawilia umravlesobis principi. umciresobebis warmo-madgenelTaTvis es imas niSnavs, rom, kenWisyris saSualebiT, maTi radikaluri mosaz-rebebi ver imarjvebs. miuxedavad amisa, demokratia qmnis instrumentebs, romelTa daxmarebiTac umciresobebis interesebis dacva SeiZleba. pluralistur demokra-tiaSi SeiZleba arCevnebis gziT qveynis saTaveSi movides radikaluri dajgufeba, romelTa warmomadgenlebma, SesaZloa, scadon oponentebis xmis CaxSoba. amitomacaa aucilebeli, rom adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacva demokratiuli qveynis konstituciiT iyos gamyarebuli.

yvelas unda esmodes pluralistuli sazogadoebis gamowvevebi da maTi gadaWris gzebi. am TvalsazrisiT, dauwereli socialuri kontraqti umniSvnelovanesia, radgan mis gareSe demokratiuli sazogadoeba ver iarsebebs. demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavleba exmareba moswavleebs im midgomebisa da unarebis CamoyalibebaSi, romlebic aucilebelia demokratiuli qveynis moqalaqisaTvis.

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Tavi 3. mravalferovneba da pluralizmi

swavleba mravalferovnebisa da pluralizmis Sesaxeb

moswavleebi, romlebic demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis ganaTlebis kurss ga-dian, unda ecnobodnen socialuri, politikuri, religiuri da rasobrivi mraval-ferovnebis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs. moswavleebma unda gaiazron mravalferovne-basTan dakavSirebuli gamowvevebi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom crurwmenebis safuZ-veli, umeteswilad, swored gauTviTcnobiereblobaa, adamianuri midgomebis racio-naluri Seswavla crurwmenebis safuZvelze araswori gadawyvetilebebis SemTxvevebs Seamcirebda.

swavleba mravalferovnebisa da pluralizmisaTvis

moswavleebs unda eZleodeT demokratiul diskusiebSi monawileobis saSualeba. swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis yvela SesaZleblobas unda iyenebdes, raTa moswavleebis mxridan azris gamoxatvasa da diskusiebSi Cabmas Seuwyos xeli. roca moswavleebi sawinaaRmdego azrs usmenen da sakuTar mosazrebebs gamoxataven, maT uviTardebaT azris gamoTqmisa da analitikuri unarebi; aseve, moswavleebs ematebaT Semwynarebloba moraluri da politikuri mravalferovnebisadmi. diskusiebis dros moswavleebi xvdebian, rom uTanxmoeba da azrTa Widili Cveulebrivi movlenebia; isini, aseve, acnobiereben kompromisebis aucileblobas da erTmaneTisagan asxvaveben samarTlian da usamarTlo kompromisebs. moswavleebi xvdebian, rom aucilebelia sadavo sakiTxze koncentracia da adamianebis pativiscema, imisda miuxedavad, Tu ra pozicias iziareben isini.

aseve, demokratiuli diskusiebis warmoebis procesSi moswavleebi mixvdebian, rom Ria da samarTliani debatebi moiTxovs garkveuli procedurebis gaTvaliswine-bas, maT Soris:

_ yvela monawiles unda SeeZlos azris gamoTqma;

_ yvela monawilis azrs danarCenebma pativiscemiT unda mousminon;

_ monawileebi argumentebis winaaRmdeg unda gamodiodnen, da ara xalxis winaaRm-deg;

_ monawileebma debatebis dasawyisSive unda gaacnobieron, rom debatebma SeiZleba, maTi midgomebis Secvla gamoiwvios;

_ debatebis gamarTva im dros, roca monawileebi midgomebis modifikaciisaTvis mzad ar arian, naklebad sasargebloa, vidre debatebi, romlebic Riaa da damok-idebulebebis srulyofil axsnazea mimarTuli. debatebis mizani unda iyos ara erT-erTi mxaris gamarjveba, aramed problemis gaazreba.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis ganaT-lebis mTavari qvakuTxedia Zieba, diskusia, da ara _ dadgenili WeSmaritebebi. Sesabamisad, maswavleblis upirvelesi amocanaa, moswavleebs azrovnebis unaris gan-viTarebaSi daexmaros da klasSi sakuTari dominanturi pozicia daTmos. kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom moswavleebi maSin arian klasSi sityvauxvni da aqtiurni, roca maswav-leblebi naklebs laparakoben.

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Tavi 3: mravalferovneba da pluralizmi



swavlis mizani moswavlis davaleba saWiro masala moswavleTa CarTulobis forma

gakveTili 1:rogor SeiZleba ada-mianebma erTad icxovron?

im sakiTxebis ganxilva, rom-lebic sxvadasxva Rirebulebisa da rwmenis mqone Temebis mSvidobi-ani Tanacxovrebis dros problemuri SeiZleba iyos.

ganaTlebis rolis ganxilva sxva-dasxva kulturis warmomadgenelTa urTierTgagebis CamoyalibebaSi.

imis gaanali-zeba, Tu ramdenad SeuZlia pirovne-bas sazogadoebaze zemoqmedeba.

moswavleebi ganixi-laven moTxrobaSi wamoWril sakiTxebs.

moswavleebi CarTulni arian kri-tikuli azrovnebis procesSi.

isini azrebs uz-iareben erTmaneTs.

sakiTxis ukeT wvdomis mizniT, moswavleebi rolebis gaTamaSebas mimarTaven.

moswavlis sam-uSao furcel 3.1-is aslebi

diskusia. kritikuli azrovneba. hipoTezebis Camoyalibeba. rolebis gaTa-maSeba.

gakveTili 2: ratom arse-bobs adami-anebs Soris uTanxmoeba?

im mizezebis ganxilva, rom-lebic xels uw-yobs sxvadasxva damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas erTi da imave sakiTxis mimarT.

sadavo sakiTxebis ganxilvis unaris ganviTareba.

im RirebulebaTa ganxilva, romelic safuZvlad udevs demokratiul sa-zogadoebas.

moswavleebi saku Tar mosazrebebs gamox-ataven da ica ven garkveul sakiTxebT-an dakavSirebiT.

moswavleebi ganixi-laven sajaro dis-kusiis Temebs da maT safuZvlebs.

moswavleebi gani-xi laven im faqto-rebs, ramac maTi Rirebulebebis sistemis Camoyalibebaze moax-dina zegavlena.

moswavleebi Sei mu-Saveben pluraliz-mis wamaxalisebel saxelmZRvanelo principebs, raTa sa-jaro dialogi yov-elTvis xarisxiani da urTierTpativis-cemis gamomxatveli iyos.

didi zomis niSnulebi sa-varjiSosaTvis òTxi kuTxe~

diskusia. mosaz-rebebis gamoTq-ma. kritikuli azrovneba. wese-bis SemuSaveba, TanamSromlobis principis gaT-valiswinebiT.

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gakveTili 3:riTi gansx-vavdebian ada-mianebi erT-maneTisagan?

sazogadoebaSi Tanasworobis xe-lisSemSleli faq-torebis ganxilva.

uTanasworo sa-ganmanaTleblo SesaZleblobebis mizezebis identi-fikacia.

Tanasworobis xe-lisSemSleli faq-torebis aRmofx-vraze pasuxismge-blobis ganxilva.

moswavleebi ganixi-laven ZiriTad cnebebTan dakav-Sirebul hipoTezur situacias.

moswavleebi ZiriTad principebs cxovrebiseul so-cialur situaciebs usadageben.

moswavleebi ganixi-laven gakveTilze wamoWril ZiriTad sakiTxebs.

moswavleebi as-ruleben werilobiT davalebas.

moTxrobis aslebi. mos-wavlis samuSao furcel 3.3-is aslebi.

kritikuli az-rovneba. disku-sia. mosazrebis Camoyalibeba werilobiTi formiT.

gakveTili 4: ratomaa mniS-vnelovani ada-mianis ufle-bebi?

im problemuri sakiTxebis ganx-ilva, romlebic sxvadasxva Rirebulebisa da cxovrebis wesis mqone adamiane-bis Tanacxovrebis dros wamoiWreba.

im mizezebis ganx-ilva, romlebic safuZvlad edo adamianis ufleba-Ta dacvis saerTa-Soriso instrumen-tebis SemuSavebas, gansakuTrebiT, daucveli Temebisa da adamianebisaT-vis.

moswavleebi erT-vebian kritikul analizSi da axdenen situaciebis prior-itetizacias.

moswavleebi gaiTa-maSeben mowinaarmde-ge mxareebis warmo-madgenelTa rolebs.

rolebis gaTama-Sebis daskvnebidan gamomdinare, moswav-leebi SeimuSaveben ramdenime ZiriTad princips da adare-ben maT am wignSi ga-keTebul daskvnebs.

moswavleebi ganixi-laven adamianis uflebaTa dar-Rvevis SemTxvevebs TavianT qveyanaSi.

moswavleebi demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis sxvadasxva sakiTxze akeTeben prezenta-ciebs.

kunZulze gan-viTarebuli movlenebis amsaxveli ambis aslebi.

situaciuri ba-raTebis aslebi TiToeuli pat-ara jgufisaT-vis.

adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi kom-ponentebis nusxa.

didi zomis furclebi da sxva masalebi, rac prezenta-ciisaTvis aris saWiro.

kritikuli az-rovneba. disku-sia. molapar-akeba. jgufuri prezentacia.

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gakveTili 1rogor SeiZleba adamianebma erTad icxovron?rogor aviTarebs ganaTleba Semwynareblobasa da urTierTgagebas?15

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs SeuZliaT:im sakiTxebis ganxilva, romlebic sxvadasxva Rirebulebisa da rwmenis mqone Temebis mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebis dros SeiZleba problemuri iyos. ganaTlebis rolis ganxilva sxvadasxva kulturis warmomadgenelTa urTierTgagebis CamoyalibebaSi.imis gaanalizeba, Tu ramdenad SeuZlia pirovnebas sazogadoebaze zemoqmedeba.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi ganixilaven moTxrobaSi wamoWril sakiTxebs.moswavleebi CarTulni arian kritikuli azrovnebis procesSi. isini azrebs uziareben erTmaneTs. sakiTxis ukeT wvdomis mizniT, moswavleebi rolebis gaTamaSebas mimarTaven.

saWiro masala – moswavlis samuSao furcel 3.1-is aslebi

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ diskusia. kritikuli azrovneba. hipoTezebis Camoyalibeba. rolebis gaTamaSeba.

gakveTili

maswavlebeli moswavleebs gakveTilis miznebs acnobs da ukiTxavs moTxrobas `skola tyis piras~ (moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.1).

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, wriulad dasxdnen da ekiTxeba, Tu ra iyo gasaocari an saintereso am moTxrobaSi da ratom. moswavleebs eZlevaT ori wuTi, raTa mosazrebebi mewyviles gauziaron. Semdeg isini danarCen klass acnoben sakuTar Sexedulebebs.

maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, rom `SekiTxvebze dafuZnebuli~ diskusiis dros yvelaze mniSvnelovania Sexedulebebis gaziareba da ideebis Camoyalibeba. swori da araswori pasuxebi aseTi diskusiis dros ar arsebobs.

Semdeg maswavlebeli ambobs: `modiT, CamovTvaloT is adamianebi, vinc skolis dawvas moisurvebda (magaliTad, zogierTi bavSvi, zogierTi mSobeli, adgilobrivi Temis warmomadgenlebi, rogoricaa mRvdeli). ratom endomebodaT maT skolis daw-va? vin moigebs da vin waagebs, Tu skolas ar aRadgenen? (magaliTad, moswavleebs Tu aRar eqnebaT skola, isini mogebulni iqnebian Tu wagebulni?)~

maswavlebelma am SekiTxvebisaTvis SeiZleba qvemoT moyvanili cxrili gamoiyenos:

mxare ras moigebs? ras waagebs?

moswavleebi

mSoblebi

mRvdeli

mTeli Temi

sxva?

Semdeg maswavlebli moswavleebs sTxovs, yuradReba miaqcion maswavleblis funq-cias moTxrobaSi. zogadi SekiTxva _ `ras fiqrobT am maswavlebelze?~ _ xels uwyobs moswavleebSi diskusiis dawyebas. Semdegi SekiTxvebi SeiZleba iyos:

15 efuZneba samoqalaqo fondis (londoni) mier SemuSavebul gakveTils.

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_ es maswavlebeli suleli iyo, idealisti Tu mamaci?

_ imis gaTvaliswinebiT, risi gakeTebac man scada, mogwonT maswavlebeli Tu ara?

_ ra iyo maswavleblis aseTi saqcielis mizezi?

_ Tqveni azriT, sad aiTvisa maswavlebelma socialuri Rirebulebebi?

_ ra unda gaakeTos man axla (isev scados, Tu xeli Caiqnios)?

_ am skolis moswavle rom iyoT, maswavleblis rogor qcevas isurvebdiT?

Semdeg maswavlebeli exmareba moswavleebs moTxrobis dakavSirebaSi maT yovel-dRiur cxovrebasTan, maT TemTan. SesaZlo SekiTxvebia:

_ dafiqrdiT, sad cxovrobT.

_ Tqveni azriT, Tqveni Temis warmomadgenlebs es maswavlebeli moewonebodaT?

_ rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad SeuZlia pirovnebas sazogadoebaze zemoqmedeba? warmoadgineT magaliTebi.

am moTxrobaSi wamoWrili sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxebia:

_ ramdenad uwyobs xels adamianebis or sxvadasxva jgufs Soris mSvidobis dam-yarebas maTi bavSvebis erTad swavla?

_ ra gamowvevebis winaSea skola da maswavleblebi, sadac sxvadasxva Rirebulebisa da religiuri rwmenis moswavleebi swavloben? rogor SeiZleba am gamowvevebis aRmofxvra?

_ gakveTilis dasasruls, SesaZlebelia rolebis gaTamaSeba. warmoidgineT, rom skolis dawvamde zeganze mcxovrebi ramdenime moswavle da mSobeli maswavle-belTan Semdegi CiviliT mivida:

àm skolaSi ufro meti zeganze mcxovrebi moswavlea, vidre tyeSi mcxovrebi. Sesabamisad, Cveni azriT, ar SeiZleba moswavleebs tyeSi mcxovrebTa religia aswav-loT. SesaZloa, tyeSi mcxovrebTa religiis swavlebam zeganze mcxovrebi moswav-leebis sakuTar xalxTan dapirispireba gamoiwvios~.

maswavlebels es saCivari Caafiqrebs.moswavleebs SeuZliaT, mSoblisa da maswavleblis saubari mTeli klasis winaSe

wyvilebSi gaiTamaSon.

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gakveTili 2ratom arsebobs adamianebs Soris uTanxmoeba?ras efuZneba adamianTa Soris gansxvavebebi?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs SeuZliaT:im mizezebis ganxilva, romelic xels uwyobs sxvadasxva damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas erTi da igive sakiTxis mimarT. sadavo sakiTxebis ganxilva.im RirebulebaTa ganxilva, romelic safuZvlad udevs demokratiul sazogadoebas.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi gamoxataven sakuTar mosazrebebs da icaven maT garkveul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.

moswavleebi ganixilaven sajaro diskusiis Temebsa da maT safuZvlebs.moswavleebi ganixilaven im faqtorebs, romlebmac maTi Rirebulebebis sistemis Camoyalibebaze moaxdina zegavlena. moswavleebi SeimuSaveben pluralizmis wamaxalisebel saxelmZRvanelo principebs, raTa sajaro dialogi yovelTvis xarisxiani da urTierTpativiscemis gamomxatveli iyos.

saWiro masala _ didi zomis niSnulebi savarjiSosaTvis òTxi kuTxe~

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ diskusia. mosazrebebis gamoTqma. kritikuli azrovneba. wesebis SemuSaveba, TanamSromlobis principis gaTvaliswinebiT.

gakveTilimaswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, ganixilon Semdegi sadavo mosazrebebi:

ZiriTadi cneba

pluralizmi _ mxolod is sazogadoebaa pluralisturi, sadac ar aris sayov-elTaod aRiarebuli Rirebulebebisa da rwmenis erTi oficialuri varianti. aseT sazogadoebaSi gamonakliss warmoadgenen is Sexedulebebi, romlebic safrTxes uqmnian sxva adamianebis rwmenis Tavisuflebas; aseTi Sexedulebebi pluralistur sazogadoebaSi arakanonieradaa miCneuli. saxelmwifo, sadac mxolod erTi reli-giuri aRmsareblobaa daSvebuli, an sadac arc erT religias ar aRiareben, ver CaiTvleba pluralistulad.

eTanxmebiT Tu ar eTanxmebiT?

_ arasworia cxovelis xorcis Wama;

_ imunodeficitis virusis (aiv) inficirebis SedarebiT riskis qveS myofi mos-wavle ar unda daiSvebodes im klasSi, sadac janmrTeli moswavleebi swavlo-ben;

_ pacifistebi ar unda gauSvan omSi ZaldatanebiT;

_ sikvdiliT dasja unda aikrZalos;

_ qalis adgili saxlSia;

_ 14 wlamde bavSvebi ar unda muSaobdnen;

_ sajaro dawesebulebebSi unda aikrZalos moweva;

_ gadasaxadebi unda gaizardos;

_ sityvis Tavisufleba ar aris kargi.

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saklaso oTaxis TiToeul kuTxeSi gakrulia am oTxidan erT-erTi aRmniSvneli:

srulebiT veTanxmebi veTanxmebi ar veTanxmebi kategoriulad ar veTanxmebi

TiToeuli mosazrebis wakiTxvis Semdeg, maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, im kuTx-eSi dadgnen, romelic am mosazrebisadmi maT damokidebulebas yvelaze zustad gamox-atavs. Tu moswavle gadawyvetilebas ver iRebs, unda darCes iq, sadac ukve dgas.

roca moswavleebi kuTxeebSi ganlagdebian, maswavlebeli erT-erT maTgans sTxovs, axsnas, Tu ratom daikava es pozicia. am etapze moswavlis pasuxs diskusia ar mohyve-ba, Tumca axsna-ganmartebis mosmenis Semdeg, dasaSvebia, danarCenma moswavleebma Seicvalon adgilmdebareoba, TavianT SexedulebebSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebis niSnad.

Tu erT-erTi moswavlis mier gakeTebuli ganmartebis Semdeg kvlav darCa mo-swavle, romelic gadawyvetilebas ver iRebs, maswavlebels SeuZlia, sTxovos mas, Camoayalibos, Tu ratom uWirs sakuTari damokidebulebis gansazRvra. moswavles SeuZlia, axsna-ganmarteba daweros. aseTi axsna SeiZleba moicavdes Semdeg argumen-tebs: meti informacia mWirdeba; zustad ar mesmis, ras niSnavs es winadadeba; Tan veTanxmebi, Tan ara da, Sesabamisad, miWirs erTi konkretuli poziciis dakaveba.

am savarjiSos maswavlebeli 3-4 sxvadasxva sadavo mosazrebis gamoyenebiT akeTe-binebs moswavleebs. maswavlebelma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos ara konkretuli, sadavo sakiTxebis ganxilvaze, aramed imaze, Tu ratom aqvT adamianebs sxvadasxva mosazreba.

ganxilvis etapze maswavlebeli aRniSnavs, rom, warmodgenil mosazrebebTan dakav-SirebiT, moswavleebs gansxvavebuli damokidebulebebi hqondaT. swored am dros maswavlebels pluralizmis cneba Semoaqvs da, am cnebis ukeT gaazrebis mizniT, mo-swavleebs Semdeg SekiTxvebs usvams:

_ mivubrundeT sadavo mosazrebebs, romelTa mimarTac Tqveni pozicia ukve daafiq-sireT. romelma mosazrebam gamoiwvia TqvenSi yvelaze Zlieri emocia da ratom?

_ rogor yalibdeba Cveni Rirebulebebi da rwmenebi? (es SekiTxva daexmareba mo-swavleebs imis gaazrebaSi, rom Cveni damokidebulebebi sxvadasxva gavlenis pi-robebSi yalibdeba)

maswavlebeli ekiTxeba moswavleebs, Tu CamoTvlilTagan romeli axdens yvelaze did zegavlenas maTi Sexedulebebis formirebaze:

_ maTi mSoblebis damokidebulebebi;

_ maTi megobrebis mosazrebebi;

_ religia da kultura;

_ masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi, magaliTad, gazeTebi, televizia, inter-neti da a.S.

_ maswavleblebi;

_ maTi sakuTari, pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi.

moswavleebi zegavlenis am wyaroebs piramidis formas aZleven; saTaveSi xvdeba yvelaze Zlieri zegavlenis wyaro, xolo ZirSi _ yvelaze susti.

zegavlenis faqtori;

zegavlenis faqtori; zegavlenis faqtori;

zegavlenis faqtori; zegavlenis faqtori; zegavlenis faqtori.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, Seadaron erTmaneTis piramidebi. romeli faq-torebi axdenen yvelaze did gavlenas moswavleTa umetesi nawilis damokidebulebebis

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formirebaze? zusti pasuxis gageba qulebis miniWebis saSualebiT SeiZleba. mivaniWoT piramidis saTaveSi moyvanil faqtors 6 qula, boloSi moyvanil faqtorebs _ 2 qula, xolo SuaSi _ 4 qula. 4-4 moswavlisagan Semdgari jgufebi TiToeuli faqtorisaTvis saSualo qulas iTvlian. Semdeg jgufebi Sedegebs erTmaneTs adareben.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs uxsnis, rom pluralizmi viTardeba Tavisufal da Ria sazogadoebaSi. adamianebis azrebi yovelTvis gansxvavebulia da, SeTanxmebis miRwevis procesSi, aucilebelia, pluralistuli sazogadoebis warmomadgenelma gaiTvaliswinos TamaSis garkveuli wesebi, magaliTad:

_ daafaseT sxva adamianebis azri;

_ SeecadeT, warmoidginoT Tqveni Tavi sxva adamianebis adgilas;

_ gaxsovdeT, rom laparaki sjobs Cxubs;

_ ecadeT, ar miayenoT Seuracxyofa;

_ mieciT adamianebs saSualeba, gamoTqvan sakuTari saTqmeli.

roca adamianebi ver Tanxmdebian, saWiroa garkveuli meqanizmis (magaliTad, xmis micemis) gamoyeneba.

gakveTili 3riTi gansxvavdebian adamianebi erTmaneTisagan?ramdenad gansxvavebulia adamianTa saWiroebebi?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs SeuZliaT:sazogadoebaSi Tanasworobis xelSemSleli faqtorebis ganxilva.uTanasworo saganmanaTleblo SesaZleblobebis mizezebis identifikacia.Tanasworobis xelisSemSleli faqtorebis aRmofxvraze pasuxismgeblobis ganxilva.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi ganixilaven ZiriTad cnebebTan dakavSirebul hipoTezur situacias. moswavleebi ZiriTad principebs usadageben cxovrebiseul, socialur situaciebs. moswavleebi ganixilaven gakveTilze wamoWril ZiriTad sakiTxebs. moswavleebi asruleben werilobiT davalebas.

saWiro masala _ moTxrobis aslebi.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ kritikuli azrovneba. diskusia. mosazrebis Camoyalibeba werilobiTi formiT.

ZiriTadi cnebebi

mravalferovneba _ mravalferovnebis cneba mxolod eTnikur an erovnul warmomav-

lobas ar ukavSirdeba. arsebobs adamianTa Soris sxva tipis gansxvavebebic, rac, SeiZleba,

safuZvlad daedos seriozul socialur gamowvevebs, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, roca

umravlesoba, romelsac Zalaufleba da gavlena gaaCnia, arafers akeTebs.

Tanasworoba _ Tanasworobis or ZiriTad tips gamoyofen: Tanabari SesaZlebloba

da Tanabari Sedegi. SesaZlebelia yvela adamianisaTvis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis micema

(magaliTad, ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba), magram Tu ar gadailaxa garkveuli barierebi

(magaliTad, SezRudul unarebTan dakavSirebuli), adamiani am SesaZleblobas ver gamoiyen-

ebs. Tanabar Sedegze orientacia saSualebas iZleva, rom yvela bavSvma miiRos ganaTleba

(SezRuduli unarebis miuxedavad).

diskriminacia _ adamianis usamarTlod mopyroba misi rasis, genderuli kuTvnilebis,

sqesis, asakis, rwmenis, an sxva faqtoris gamo.

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gakveTili

maswavlebeli moswavleebs moTxrobas ukiTxavs (moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.2). es moTxroba bevr saintereso sakiTxs exeba da, maswavleblis miTiTebis gareSe, zogierTi maTgani moswavleebs SeiZleba gamorCeT. daxmarebis mizniT, maswavlebeli moswavleebs aseve urigebs samuSao furcel 3.3-s da uxsnis davalebas.

moswavleebi wyvilebSi muSaoben da cdiloben, Tavi mouyaron yvela im prob-lemas, romelic kolejis TanamSromelTa winaSe dgas. es problemebi SeyavT sam-uSao furclis im nawilSi, romelic am miznisTvisaa gamoyofili (`problemebi~). Semdeg isini ayalibeben problemebis gadaWris gzebs da saTanado grafaSi iniSnaven (`gamosavali~). aseve, moswavleebi asaxeleben problemebis gadaWraze pasuxismgebel pirebs (`pasuxismgebloba~). bolo grafa droebiT carieli rCeba.

moswavleebi klasis winaSe warmoadgenen da adareben sakuTar Sedegebs. prezen-taciebis Sedegebis Tavmoyris mizniT, sasurvelia flipCartis an proeqtoris gamoy-eneba.

diskusia klasSi

moswavleebi an maswavlebeli qvemoT warmodgenil, an msgavs SekiTxvebs svamen:

_ Tqveni azriT, miaRwia direqtorma dasaxul mizans, rac yvela moswavlis Tanaswor mopyrobaSi mdgomareobda?

_ Tqveni azriT, unda gaiTvaliswinos direqtorma devnili mSoblebis sur-vili da biWebi da gogonebi cal-calke klasebSi gaanawilos? moiyvaneT pro- da kontrargumentebi;

_ umjobesi xom ar iqneboda, rom devnil moswavleebs calke klasSi eswav-laT? moiyvaneT pro- da kontrargumentebi, rogorc moswavleebis, ise sazogadoebis interesebidan gamomdinare.

SeuZlebeli iqneba yvela moswavlisagan yvela SekiTxvaze pasuxis moTxovna; maT unda mivceT sakmarisi dro, raTa erT, romelime SekiTxvas CauRrmavdnen. moswav-leebma unda gaaanalizon, rom pluralistur sazogadoebaSi adamianebs sxvadasxva saWiroeba aqvT, ramac konfliqtamde SeiZleba migviyvanos. konfliqtis samarTli-anad mogvarebisTvis ki aucilebelia yvela mxaris interesebis gaTvaliswineba (kon-fliqtebis mogvarebis TemasTan dakavSirebiT, ixileT Tavi 4). am konkretul magal-iTSi skola mikrosazogadoebad unda aRviqvaT, sadac moswavleebs iseTive prob-lemebi eqmnebaT, rogorc zrdasrul moqalaqeebs sazogadoebaSi.

qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi aaSkaravebs, Tu ramdenad mravalmxrivia es magaliTi da ramdenad karg masalas iZleva klasSi muSaobisaTvis. maswavlebelma CamoTvlilTagan konkretuli sakiTxebi unda SearCios, mis gankargulebaSi arsebuli droisa da mos-wavleTa interesis gaTvaliswinebiT.

ramdenad gansxvavebulia moswavleTa saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebi?

saWiroa, moswavleebma upasuxon Semdeg SekiTxvebs: rogor SeiZleba mogvardes skolaSi arsebuli problemebi? saWiroa, rom skolam moaxdinos zogierTi problemis ignorireba da ratom?

SeiZleba arsebobdes am kiTxvebze pasuxis Ziebis ori midgoma: pirveli, probleme-bis moswavleTa saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebTan kavSiris gaTvaliswinebiT; meore, im problemaTa identificirebiT, romelic uSualod skolis gadasaWrelia.

pirvel SemTxvevaSi, moswavleebs daexmareba Semdeg SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema: àdamianis/bavSvTa ra uflebebs arian moklebulni devnili bavSvebi?~

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qvemoT CamoTvlilia saganmanaTleblo saWiroebaTa ramdenime kategoria. moswav-leebma am saWiroebaTa magaliTebi moTxrobaSi unda moiZion da moswavlis samuSao furclis meoTxe grafaSi CainiSnon:

_ emociuri;

_ saganmanaTleblo;

_ religiuri;

_ kulturuli;

_ enobrivi;

_ fizikuri.

TiToeul am kategoriasTan dakavSirebiT, moswavleebma sakuTari magaliTebic unda moifiqron.

pasuxismgebloba da misi CarCoebi

moTxrobaSi dasmulma konkretulma problemebma safuZveli unda Cauyaros gan-zogadebul diskusias Tanasworuflebianobisa da ganaTlebis Sesaxeb.

ramdenad advilia yvela bavSvisaTvis saukeTeso ganaTlebis SesaZleblobis mice-ma, misi saWiroebebis srulad gaTvaliswinebiT? ra SeiZleba gaakeTos skolam da ra daxmareba sWirdeba mas garedan, magaliTad, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobidan, damatebiTi dafinansebis formiT?

mivubrundeT meore midgomas. rogorc wesi, erTi konkretuli RonisZiebis ga-tarebiT, kompleqsuri problemis gadaWra SeuZlebelia, rac, am SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba gulisxmobdes skolis gafarToebas, specialurad momzadebuli kadrebis daqirave-bas da a.S. saganmanaTleblo reformis ase ganviTareba sasurveli iqneboda, magram saWiroebs politikur gadawyvetilebebs, radgan gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa damatebi-Ti saxsrebis am sakiTxze mimarTva adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis da/an ganaTlebis saministros gadawyvetilebas ukavSirdeba. adamianebi, romlebic gamosavals mxolod aseT radikalur RonisZiebebSi xedaven, xelmocarulni aRmoCndebian da sxvaTa da-danaSaulebis meti xelT araferi SerCebaT. sxva sityvebiT, isini dasaxul mizans ver miaRweven _ problema mougvarebeli darCeba. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom prob-lemis gadaWra SedarebiT mcire masStabis RonisZiebebiTac SeiZleba. es RonisZiebebi ukavSirdeba uSualod direqtoris, mSoblebis, moswavleebis da maswavleblebis SeTanxmebas, rom Secvalon is, rac maT xelSia, risi Secvlac maT surT da xelewife-baT kidec.

swored aq gvWirdeba samuSao furclis mesame grafa. vin aris pasuxismgebeli? vis SeuZlia Secvalos arsebuli situacia? moswavleebi ganixilaven, Tu ramdenad efeqturi SeiZleba iyos mcire masStabis RonisZiebebi da ra maqsimalur Sedegebze SeiZleba gavidnen am RonisZiebaTa gatarebis Semdeg. moswavleebma SeiZleba ifiqron mcire da msxvilmasStabiani RonisZiebebis garkveul Serwymazec.

`skola aris cxovreba~, mikrosazogadoeba. saskolo cxovrebis strategiebis ganxilva moswavleebs exmareba, ifiqron politikuri gadawyvetilebebisa da strate-giuli dagegmarebis CarCoebSi.

skola aris cxovreba

Semdegi ideis gamoyenebiT, moswavleebs SeuZliaT, kolejSi ganviTarebuli mov-lenebi sakuTar skolas daukavSiron:

`Tqvens skolaSi ra barierebi xvdeba moswavleTa garkveul nawils, rac maT xels

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uSliT swavlaSi? vis pasuxismgeblobas warmoadgens am moswavleTa saganmanaTleblo saWiroebaTa dakmayofileba (magaliTad, mTavrobis, direqtoris, maswavleblebis Tu moswavleebis)?~

am SekiTxvas sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba mivudgeT. SeiZleba, ganxilvis sagnad iqc-es: moswavleebma gaiTamaSon interviu, an, SesaZlebelia, es SekiTxva saskolo gazeTis proeqtTan (Tavi 5) davakavSiroT.

werilobiTi davaleba

aucilebelia, maswavlebeli darwmundes, rom moswavleebi kargad iTviseben axal masalas. am TvalsazrisiT, sasargebloa diskusiis dakavSireba werilobiT davale-basTan. weris dros moswavleebi kidev erTxel ufiqrdebian diskusiis dros ganxi-lul masalas da ukeTesad aanalizeben mas; diskusiis Semdgom werilobiTi davalebis Sesruleba gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa nela moazrovne, SedarebiT mokrZalebuli moswavleebisaTvis, romlebic diskusiis dros nakleb aqtiurni arian, imisda miuxe-davad, rom SeiZleba bevri saTqmeli hqondeT.

werilobiTi davalebisaTvis maswavlebelma yuradRebiT, moswavleTa donis gaT-valiswinebiT unda SearCios Tema. detalurad Camoyalibebuli davaleba aseTi for-miT SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:

àdamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis mixedviT, mTavrobis pasuxismgeblobaa yvela bavSvisaTvis ganaTlebis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofa.

_ axseniT, ramdenad asrulebda es skola am valdebulebas;

_ ra aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom bavSvebs mivceT is saganmanaTleblo SesaZ leb-lobebi, rac maT ekuTvniT?

_ vin aris pasuxismgebeli am bavSvebis ganaTlebaze?

_ bavSvTa cxovrebis romel sferoebze axdens gavlenas uTanasworo sazogadoe-baSi cxovreba?

_ ganixileT~.

diskusiis Sedegebi (flipCarti, Sevsebuli samuSao furceli)kolejis dasaxmareblad

problemebi gamosavali pasuxismgebloba saWiroebebi

devnili bavSvebi(1)

enobrivi problemebi specialuri kursebidireqtori,adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba

enobrivi

biWebi ar saubrobenTerapia, specialuri swavleba

direqtori, maswavle-beli

enobrivi, emociuri

gogos ar SeuZlia siaruli

samedicino Careva, specialuri swavleba, mSoblebisTvis rCevis micema

fizikuri

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problemebi gamosavali pasuxismgebloba saWiroebebi

devnilebi da adgilobrivi moswavleebi(2)

Cagvra, dacinva, jgufebis formireba, damuqreba, Cxubi, daSavebuli biWi

diskusia klasSi, qce-vis wesebi, moswavle-damkvirveblebi

maswavleblebi, mos-wavleebi, mSoblebi

emociuri, social-uri midgomebi da Rirebulebebi

maswavleblebi(3)

ver aqceven yura-dRebas devnilebsa da Zvel moswavleebs

patara zomis klasebi, sxvadasxva cvla, meti maswavlebeli

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba

saganmanaTleblo, enobrivi, kulturu-li, religiuri

mSoblebi(4)

surT cal-calke klasebi gogonebisa da biWebisaTvis

àra~?`ki~?

?kulturuli, reli-giuri

gakveTili 4ratomaa mniSvnelovani adamianis uflebebi?ratom gvWirdeba admianis uflebaTa amsaxveli kanonmdebloba daucvelTa dasacavad?16

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs SeuZliaT:im problemuri sakiTxebis ganxilva, romlebic sxvadasxva Rirebulebisa da cxovrebis wesis mqone adamianebis Tanacxovrebis dros wamoiWreba. im mizezebis ganxilva, romlebic safuZvlad edo adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso instrumentebis SemuSavebas, gansakuTrebiT, daucveli Temebisa da adamianebisaTvis.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi:erTvebian kritikul analizSi da axdenen situaciebis prioritetizacias. gaiTamaSeben mowinaarmdege mxarebis warmomadgenelTa rolebs. rolebis gaTamaSebis daskvnebidan gamomdinare, SeimuSaveben ramdenime ZiriTad princips da adareben maT am wignSi gakeTebul daskvnebs. ganixilaven adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebs TavianT qveyanaSi. akeTeben prezentaciebs demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis sxvadasxva sakiTxze.

saWiro masala _ baraTebis aslebi rolebis gaTamaSebisaTvis (moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.4)situaciis amsaxveli baraTebis aslebi TiToeuli patara jgufisaTvis (moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.5). adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi komponentebis nusxa (moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.6).didi zomis furclebi da sxva masalebi, rac prezentaciisaTvis aris saWiro.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ kritikuli azrovneba. diskusia. molaparakeba. jgufuri prezentacia.

16 efuZneba samoqalaqo fondis (londoni) mier SemuSavebul gakveTils.

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gakveTili

gakveTilis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli moswavleebs rolebis gaTamaSebis baraTebs (samuSao furceli 3.4) acnobs da uxsnis, rom or jgufad unda daiyon. maswavlebeli moswavleebs uyveba kunZulis (SeiZleba gamoiyenos dafaze dakidebuli ruka) da im adamianebis Sesaxeb, romlebic am kunZulze didi xania cxovroben.

Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobebs, rom kunZulze movida adamianTa axa-li jgufi, romelsac aq damkvidreba surs. axalmosulni Zalian gansxvavdebian kun-Zulis macxovreblebisagan. maswavlebeli moswavleebs axalmosulTa cxovrebis wess acnobs da klass or nawilad hyofs. sakiTxebis ganxilvis ori meTodi arsebobs, rom-lebic qvemoTaa warmodgenili. Tu moswavleebi rolebis gaTamaSebas arian miCveul-ni, sasurvelia, maswavlebelma airCios pirveli meTodi, xolo Tu ufro formalur muSaobas amjobineben _ meore meTodi.

meTodi 1: rolebis gaTamaSeba

moswavleebi wyvilebSi muSaoben; erTi aris axalmosuli, meore ki _ kunZulis macxovrebeli. baraTebze aRweril TiToeul situacias unda miudgnen im jgufis in-teresebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelsac isini warmoadgenen. orives uwevs sapirispiro mxaresTan molaparakebis procesis dawyeba (moswavleebi uSveben, rom enobrivi bari-eri ar arsebobs). TiToeul moswavles kargad unda hqondes gaazrebuli Semdegi:

a. ra aris misi xalxisTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani problema?

b. ra SedegebiT surs, dasruldes molaparakeba?

maswavlebeli axalmosulebs da kunZulis macxovreblebs sTxovs, erTgvarovan wyvilebad dajgufdnen da zemoTmoyvanil or sakiTxze SeTanxmdnen.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs axsenebs, rom kunZulis macxovreblebi ver damSvidde-bian, sanam ar moiSoreben axalmosulebs; axalmosulebi kunZulis macxovrebelTaTvis mudmiv safrTxes warmoadgenen da mxolod maT mier kunZulis datoveba aRmofxvris am safrTxes. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom axalmosulebs Zalian moswonT kunZuli da Zalis gamoyenebasac ar moeridebian, raTa aq darCena SeZlon.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs dapirispirebul wyvilebad hyofs da sTxovs, awar-moon molaparakebebi baraTebze mocemuli sakiTxebis garSemo prioritetulad _ yve-laze mniSvnelovani sakiTxiT daiwyon da naklebad mniSvnelovani Temebi bolosTvis Semoinaxon.

informacia

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia Seiqmna im adamianTa fundamenturi uflebe-

bis dasacavad, romelTac, magaliTad, SezRuduli aqvT sicocxlis ufleba an religiuri

Tavisufleba. yvela im qveynis mTavroba, romelic evrosabWos wevria, emorCileba am kon-

venciis muxlebs Tavis moqalaqeTa uflebebis mimarT. am TvalsazrisiT, TiToeuli qveyana

angariSvaldebulia saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis winaSe. evrosabWoSi Semavali yvela qveynis

nebismier moqalaqes SeuZlia, sarCeli Seitanos adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarT-

loSi, Tu moqalaqe Tvlis, rom misi uflebebi irRveva. sarCelis Setana SeuZliaT qveynebs

sxva qveynis winaaRmdegac, Tumca aseTi SemTxvevebi iSviaTobas warmoadgens.

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia efuZneba adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao de-

klaracias, romelic Seiqmna meore msoflio omis periodSi Cadenili genocidebis Semdeg.

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meTodi 2: organizebuli diskusia

savarjiSos SesrulebisaTvis saukeTeso, Tumca ara erTaderTi, meTodia rolebis ga-TamaSeba. qvemoT warmogidgenT aqtivobas, romelic rolebis gaTamaSebis alternativad SeiZleba gamoiyenoT. klasi unda daiyos or nawilad: erTi naxevari warmoadgens kunZu-lis macxovrebelTa interesebs, xolo meore _ axalmosulTa interesebs. moswavleebi wyvilebSi muSaoben da cdiloben, daicvan TavianTi interesebi. maswavlebeli moswavleebs Seaxsenebs, rom molaparakebis formati, ra Tqma unda, yvelaze samarTliania, Tumca is-toriuli magaliTebi gviCvenebs, rom, rogorc wesi, erT-erTi mxare ufro mets aRwevs, vidre meore. aseTi Sedegis gamomwvevi mizezi aris Zalaufleba _ is mxare, romelsac aqvs meti Zalaufleba, molaparakebis dros xSirad ufro momgebian Sedegebze gadis.

maswavlebeli Tavad uZRveba diskusiis process. is arCevs problemas da am prob-lemisadmi erT-erTi jgufis midgomas. Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs meore jgufs, war-moadginon sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi am problemasTan dakavSirebiT. moswvaleTa or jgufs Soris, maswavlebeli Suamavlis rols asrulebs. erT problemasTan dakavSire-biT, TiToeuli jgufidan or-ori moswavle gamodis da ayalibebs argumentebs Tavisi jgufis saxeliT. Semdeg problemaze msjelobisas, sxva wyvilebi gamodian da a.S.

diskusiis Sedegebis ganxilva

diskusiis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs usvams Semdeg SekiTxvebs:

_ advili iyo molaparakebis procesi Tu rTuli? ratom?

_ orive jgufma im Sedegs miaRwia, risi miRwevac surda?

_ romelma jgufma miaRwia ufro mets? ratom?

_ romelime jgufs hqonda ufro meti moraluri ufleba? ratom?

_ rogori momavali SeiZleba hqondeT adamianTa am or jgufs?

_ ram SeiZleba SeuSalos xeli erTi jgufis dominirebas meoreze?

_ CamoayalibeT is principebi, romelTa gaTvaliswineba daexmareboda adamianTa am or jgufs mSvidobian TanacxovrebaSi. SeadareT principebis es nusxa adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTad komponentebs (moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.6). romeli muxlebi daexmarebodaT kunZulis macxovreblebs miwis, cxovrebis wesisa da sakuTar ufle-baTa SenarCunebaSi?

maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, rom amgvari SemTxvevebi istorias axsovs, magaliTad, roca britanelebma daikaves avstralia, an evropelebma _ CrdiloeT da samxreT amerika. im dros ar arsebobda adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSorisod aRi-arebuli dokumenti da, Sesabamisad, irRveoda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis uflebebi. analogiuri SemTxvevebi dResac xdeba, roca samxreT amerikis uZveles macxovreb-lebs, saerTaSoriso kompaniebis biznes interesebis gamo, arTmeven miwebs.

adamianis uflebaTa mniSvnelovnebis aRiareba

winamdebare Tavis dasasruls, maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, SearCion ada-mianis erT-erTi ufleba evropuli konvenciidan. moswavleebi amzadeben banersa da prezentacias am uflebis mniSvnelovnebaze. moswavleebs SeuZliaT, prezentaciaSi rolebis gaTamaSeba CarTon da kunZulelebis ambavi moiyvanon magaliTad. aseTi prezentacia SeiZleba klasis, an mTeli skolis winaSe gakeTdes. Tu arsebobs saTana-do resursebi, es Tema SeiZleba proeqtadac iqces (ixileT me-5 Tavis me-4 gakveTili, sadac aRwerilia, Tu rogor SeiZleba aseTi proeqtebis momzadeba).

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moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.1skola tyis piras

uRrani tyis piras adamianTa jgufi cxovrobda. es religuri Temi iyo da bavS-vebsac winaparTa religiuri Sexedulebebis mixedviT zrdidnen; maTi religiis mixed-viT, ar arsebobda gansxvaveba mamakacsa da qals Soris.

am Temis sacxovrebeli adgilidan moSorebiT iyo zegani, sadac sxva Temi binad-robda; isini ar iyvnen religiurebi, magram Sroma Zalian uyvardaT. es iyo mebrZoli xalxi, sadac dominantur funqcias mamakacebi asrulebdnen. qalebs Zalian afasebd-nen, magram qali xelmZRvanelebi ar hyavdaT.

tyis Tems araferi hqonda saerTo zeganis TemTan; maT erTmaneTTan siZulvili da SiSi akavSirebdaT. warsulSi isini erTmaneTs eomebodnen. erT dRes axalgazrda kaci mivida tyis piras macxovrebel TemTan da skolis aSeneba SesTavaza. am skolaSi orive Temis bavSvebi ivlidnen, rac maT daaxloebas Seuwyobda xels.

male aaSenes xis mokrZalebuli Senoba da maswavlebelic moZebnes. orive Temis bavSvebi skolaSi wavidnen. mSoblebi da Temis xelmZRvanelebi guldasmiT elodnen movlenaTa ganviTarebas.

Tavdapirvelad iyo garkveuli problemebi bavSvebs Soris; isini xSirad Cxubobdnen. male bavSvebi darwmundnen, rom skolaSi siaruli sasargeblo iyo da erTmaneTs uke-Tesad eguebodnen. maswavlebeli mkacri iyo, magram samarTliani da yvela bavSvs Tanasworad epyroboda. maswavlebeli orive Temis cxovrebis wess scemda pativs da bavSvebs am or Tems Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebis Sesaxeb aswavlida.

ufro da ufro meti bavSvi dadioda am skolaSi.TandaTanobiT gamoikveTa, rom skolis moswavleTa did nawils zeganze macx-

ovreblebi Seadgendnen. skolaSi yoveli 4 bavSvidan mxolod erTi iyo tyis Temidan. maswavlebeli orive Temis warmomadgenlebTan saubrobda da arwmunebda, rom bavSve-bis skolaSi gamoSveba aucilebeli iyo.

erT dRes skolaSi misul maswavlebels skola damwvari daxvda.17

moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.2 koleji yvelasTvisaa

kolejis direqtori Zalian humanuri da sulgrZeli adamiani gaxldaT; mas Rrmad swamda, rom ganaTleba Zalian mniSvnelovania. direqtori TanamSromlebs yovelTvis eubneboda: `yvela adamiani imsaxurebs cxovrebis karg dasawyiss. ar unda moepyroT romelime moswavles ufro meti keTilganwyobiT, vidre sxvebs. es ar iqneba samar-Tliani~.

erT dRes skolaSi devnil moswavleTa jgufi movida; maTi ojaxebi mezobeli saxelmwifodan konfliqts gamoeqcnen. direqtorma TanamSromlebs ganucxada:

àm sawyalma adamianebma yvelaferi dakarges. xelgaSlili miegebeT maT. droa, am adamianebs SevumsubuqoT tkivili; maTi brali ar aris, rom omis msxverplni gaxdnen~.

TanamSromlebi direqtors daeTanxmnen. devnili moswavleebi asakis mixedviT

17 efuZneba ted hudlesTonis moTxrobas (samoqalaqo fondi)

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gadaanawiles klasebSi. ZiriTadad, yvela arsebul klasSi erTi devnili moswavle Sevida. mxolod erT klasSi aRmoCnda 4 devnili biWi.

maswavleblebma male aRmoaCines, rom rTuli iyo devnilebisa da maTi Zveli moswavleebis Tanabari mopyroba. maswavleblebi problemebis Sesaxeb direqtors SesCiodnen: `devnilma bavSvma Cveni ena ar icis. me ar maqvs dro, rom mas yvelaferi vuTargmno. Targmnas Zalian didi dro sWirdeba da es dro danarCen moswavleebs akldebaT~. `Cems klasSi devnili moswavle aravisTan amyarebs komunikacias. es, SesaZloa, omisgan miyenebuli tramvis Sedegi iyos. SesaZloa, mas problemebi aqvs swavlasTan dakavSirebiT. rogor moviqce?~ `Cems klasSi devnili bavSvi dasaxiCre-bulia; mas ar SeuZlia siaruli; is veranair fizikur aqtivobaSi ver monawileobs, laboratoriaSic ki ver amodis, radgan kibeebia gasavleli.~

problemebi ar mcirdeboda. sadilze, Sesvenebis dros, danarCenebi devnil bavSvebs Cagravdnen da dascinodnen, zogjer Seuracxmyofeli sityvebiTac mimarTavdnen. skolis Zveli moswavleebi devnilebs mouwodebdnen, iq dabrunebuliyvnen, saidanac movidnen.

im oTxma devnilma, romelic erT klasSi moxvda, sakuTari interesebis dasaca-vad, mWidrod Sekruli dajgufeba Camoayaliba. erT dRes, erT-erTma devnlma biWma adgilobrivTan iCxuba da mZime fizikuri tramva miayena. maswavleblebi Tvlidnen, rom es devnili biWi skolidan garicxvis Rirsi iyo. direqtori ki sakuTar Tavs ekiTxeboda, ramdenad samarTliani iqneboda devnili moswavlis skolidan gagdeba. maswavleblebi ambobdnen:

`Cven vecadeT, maTTan gvemuSava. Cveni sakuTari moswavleebi zaralde-bian. ar SegviZlia erTdroulad devnilebsac vaswavloT da Cvens Zvel mos-wavleebsac~.

mogvianebiT, devnili bavSvebis mSoblebmac moisurves direqtorTan Sexvedra da ganucxades mas:

`Cven ar mogvwons, rom gogonebsa da biWebs erTad utardebaT fizikuri aRzrdis gakveTilebi. es Cvens religiasa da kulturas ewinaaRmdegeba.~

direqtors moTmineba ewureboda; is idga Zalian rTuli gamowvevis winaSe da icoda, rom imedis dakargva aseT dros ar SeiZleboda.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.3kolejis dasaxmareblad

problemebi gamosavali

devnili bavSvebi(1)

devnilebi da adgilobrivi moswavleebi(2)

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maswavleblebi(3)

mSoblebi(4)

moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.4kunZulis macxovreblebi da axalmosulni (baraTebi rolebis gaTamaSebisaTvis)

jgufi 1: kunZulis macxovreblebi

Tqven kunZulze macxovrebel mosaxleobas warmoadgenT. am kunZulze Tqveni winaprebi

ramdenime aTasi wlis win damkvidrdnen da maTi nawili mTaSi wminda adgilebzea dakrZa-

luli. Tqven gjeraT, rom winaprebis sulebi cocxlebi arian da Tavs dagtrialeben.

Tqven cxovrebis martivi wesiT cxovrobT. qalebi bavSvebs uvlian, kacebi ki nadiroben

da sakvebs moipoveben. am kunZulze mcxovrebT gjeraT, rom bunebas mofrTxileba sWird-

eba da momaval Taobebs xelSeuxebeli buneba unda davutovoT. Tqven, ZiriTadad, mSvild-

isarsa da maxeebs iyenebT.

Tqveni religia bunebis gaRmerTebas gulisxmobs, xolo kultura Temis mniSvnelobas

ukavSirdeba. roca sakvebis odenoba mcirea, xalxi Tanabrad iyofs sakvebs da erTmaneTis

gamosakvebad Sromobs. roca sakvebis siuxvea, xalxi ikribeba, mReris, cekvavs, sxvadasxva

ambebs hyveba da ilxens. xalxs wera-kiTxvis codna ar sWirdeba.

Tqvens TemSi kanonebi TiTqmis ar arsebobs. Temis belads SeuZlia kanonis damkvidreba,

roca amis saWiroeba iqmneba. yovelgvari kamaTis dros Temis beladi momrigeblad gvevlineba.

jgufi 2: axalmosulni

Tqven xalxis im jgufs warmoadgenT, romelmac evropa axali cxovrebis ZiebaSi da-

tova. Tqven gindaT, axali miwa aRmoaCinoT, sadac damkvidrdebiT, aaSenebT saxls da mTel

darCenil cxovrebas gaatarebT.

Tqven gaqvT sanadiro Tofebi da iaraRi miwis dasamuSaveblad. Tqveni kulturis ganm-

sazRvreli komponentebia ganaTleba da Sroma. Tqven miCveuli xarT brZolas keTildReo-

bisaTvis. Tqven ar misdevT romelime religias, magram gwamT religiuri Tavisuflebis.

Tqven gadawyvetilebebis demokratiuli wesiT miRebis momxre xarT. Tqven miatoveT

is sazogadoeba, sadac mxolod elitarul fenas aqvs Zalaufleba da sadac qoneba ara-

Tanabradaa ganawilebuli. Tqven iseTi sazogadoebis Seqmnaze ocnebobT, sadac xalxi

Tanasworuflebiania da yvelas aqvs warmatebis miRwevis SesaZlebloba.

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moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.5situaciis amsaxveli baraTebi: kunZulis macxovreblebi

waikiTxeT teqsti da gadawyviteT, ra unda gakeTdes TiToeul situaciaSi

kunZulis macxovreblebi axalmosulni

1k axali Robeebi _ axalmosulebma Robeebi gaakeTes maTi saxlebisa da saZovrebis garSemo, romelsac Tqvenc saZovrebad iyen-ebdiT. Tqven es Robeebi moSaleT.

1a axali Robeebi _ kunZulis macxovreblebma moSales Robeebi, romlebic Tqven cxoveleb-is mosaSeneblad gaakeTeT.

2k sazRvris damrRvevi _ kunZulis macxovre-belma axalmosulTa mier mowyobili sazRvari daarRvia. axalmosulebma is mokles.

2a sazRvris damrRvevi _ kunZulis macxovre-beli SemoiWra Tqven mier cxovelebisaTvis SemoRobil adgilas. Tqven gafrTxilebis Semdeg esroleT mas.

3k Sereuli qorwineba _ kunZulis erT-erT macxovrebels Seuyvardeba axalmosuli qal-batoni.

3a Sereuli qorwineba _ erT-erT axalmosul qals Seuyvardeba kunZulis macxovrebeli kaci. maT surT, daqorwindnen da axalmosul-Ta Soris icxovron. ramdenime axalmosuls ar moswons es.

4k wminda adgilebi _ ramdenime axalmosuli gaTxrebs awarmoebs mTebSi, im adgilas, sa-dac, Tqveni warmodgeniT, winaprebis sulebi binadroben. es adgilebi TqvenTvis wmindaa. protestis niSnad, Tqven Tavs daesxiT ram-denime kacs, romelic miwas Txrida.

4a wminda adgilebi -Tqven aRmoaCineT miner-alebi mTebSi. am mineralebis sarfianad gay-idva SeiZleba iq, saidanac Tqven CamoxvediT. kunZulis macxovreblebs es mTa wminda adg-ilad aqvT aRiarebuli, rac, Tqveni azriT, mxolod crurwmenaa. kunZulis macxovreble-bi Tavs daesxnen Tqveni Temis warmomadgen-lebs, romlebic mineralebs eZebdnen.

5k ganaTleba _ axalCamosulebma gaxsnes sko-la da Tqvens bavSvebsac iwveven wera-kiTxvis Sesaswavlad.

5a ganaTleba _ Tqven gaxseniT skola da kunZulis macxovrebelTa bavSvebsac iwvevT wera-kiTxvis Sesaswavlad.

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moswavlis samuSao furceli 3.6adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi komponentebis nusxa18

sicocxlis ufleba;1.

wame2. bisagan Tavisufleba;

monobisagan Tavisufleba;3.

Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis ufleba;4.

miukerZoebeli gasamarTlebis ufleba;5.

uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, daxmarebis miRebis ufleba;6.

diskriminaciisagan Tavisufleba; Tanasworobis ufleba;7.

pirovnebad aRiarebis ufleba; erovnuli kuTvnilebis ufleba;8.

piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis ufleba;9.

qorwinebis ufleba;10.

sakuTrebis flobis ufleba;11.

gadaadgilebis ufleba;12.

TavSesafris ufleba;13.

azrovnebis, cnobierebisa da religiis Tavisufleba;14.

gamoxatvis Tavisufleba;15.

Sekrebisa da sxva adamianebTan gaerTianebis Tavisufleba;16.

sakvebis, sasmelisa da sacxovrebilis ufleba;17.

jandacvis ufleba;18.

ganaTlebis ufleba;19.

dasaqmebis ufleba;20.

dasvenebisa da garTobis ufleba;21.

socialuri dacvis ufleba;22.

politikur procesebSi monawileobis ufleba;23.

kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba;24.

adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis akrZalva;25.

im socialuri wesrigis ufleba, sadac aRiarebulia adamianis uflebebi;26.

pirovn27. ebis pasuxismgeblobebi.

18 es nusxa efuZneba maswavlebelTa damxmare masalas me-5 Tavidan ùflebebi, Taviseuflebebi da pa-suxismgeblobebi”.

Tavi 4konfliqti

rogor viqceviT, roca ar veTanxmebiT?

4.1 konfliqtis gadaWrarogor unda gavumklavdeT seriozuli uTanxmoebis SemTxvevebs?

4.2 eqvsetapiani midgomis gamoyenebarogor unda avaridoT Tavi mezobelTan dapirispirebas?

4.3 urTierTwinaaRmdegobrioba adamianis uflebebSirogor moviqceT, Tu adamianis uflebebi erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba?

4.4 Zalis gamoynebamisaRebia Tu ara Zalis gamoyeneba zog SemTxvevaSi?

76


Tavi 4. konfliqti


mSvidobis cnebas aqvs mniSvnelovani kulturuli ganzomileba. Soreuli aR-mosavleTis qveynebSi mSvidobis cneba ufro Sinagan, sulier simSvides ukavSirdeba maSin, roca dasavleTSi mSvidoba omis an sxva Zaladobrivi konfliqtis ararsebobas gulisxmobs. indurSi mSvidobis aRmniSvneli sityvaa `shanti”, rac niSnavs gonebriv simSvides. gandim Tavisi filosofia da strategia Àhimsa”-s cnebas daafuZna, rac yvelafer sazianosagan TavSekavebas gulisxmobs. is ambobda: `pirdapir TargmanSi es sityva niSnavs araZaladobas. CemTvis ki es sityva gacilebiT ufro maRali mniS-vnelobis matarebelia. Cemi azriT, es sityva niSnavs Seuracxyofis miyenebisagan TavSekavebas, mzakvruli azrebis uaryofas, boroti Canafiqris arqonas im adamiane-bis mimarTac ki, visac mtrad miiCnev. misTvis, vinc am doqtrinas icnobs, ar arsebobs mtris cneba~. maias tomis tradiciis mixedviT, mSvidobis cneba keTildReobas ukav-Sirdeba da Cveni cxovrebis sxvadasxva aspeqts Soris balanss gulisxmobs.19

`pozitiuri mSvidoba~ im mdgomareobas hqvia, romelSic sazogadoebis survili mSvidobis damyarebaze da mSvidobis barierebis daZlevazea mimarTuli; is socialuri samarTlianobis princips emyareba da scdeba mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom mSvidoba mxolod SiSis, Zaladobisa da omis ararsebobas ukavSirdeba. `pozitiuri mSvidoba~ mimarTulia konfliqtebis araZaladobriv mogvarebaze da mouwodebs adamianebs, kon-struqciulad moagvaron socialuri problemebi. ganaTlebis specialistebisaTvis es saklaso oTaxSi demokratiuli procesebi waxalisebas, Zalauflebis borotad gamoy-enebis sakiTxebis mogvarebas, mosmenisa da konstruqciuli dialogis warmoebis unare-bis ganviTarebas niSnavs.20

Zaladoba bunebrivi fenomenia? zogierTi specialisti amtkicebs, rom adami-anis bunebaa Zaladobrivi da, Sesabamisad, SeuZlebelia konfliqtebis, omebisa da Zaladobis sxva gamoxatulebebis Tavidan arideba. am sferos sxva specialistebi ki fiqroben, rom Cven SegviZlia Tavi avaridoT Zaladobriv azrovnebas, grZnobebsa da qmedebebs. 1986 wels sxvadasxva qveynis mecnierebma SeimuSaves aqti Zaladobis Sesaxeb (Seville Statement on Violence). am aqtis mixedviT:

`1. mecnierulad arasworia imis mtkiceba, rom Zaladobrivi tendenciebi adamianebma winapari cxovelebisagan memkvidreobiT miiRes (...). keTildReoba adamianuri fenomenia da sxva cxovelebSi ar gvxvdeba (...).

2. adamianTa zogierTi sazogadoeba omSi arasodes Cabmula, zogi ki omeb-Si aqtiurad monawileobda, mxolod konkretul istoriul periodSi (...).

3. mecnierulad arasworia imis mtkiceba, rom omi an sxva Zaladobrivi qmedeba genetikurad devs adamianSi (...).

4. mecnierulad arasworia imis mtkiceba, rom adamians aqvs `Zaladobrivi tvini~ (...). adamianis qmedebebi damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogor pirobebsa da socialur garemoSi arsebobs~.

adamianTa umetesoba cxovrobs iseT garemoSi, romelic agresiisa da Zaladobisaken ubiZgebs; Cven veCveviT agresiul azrovnebas, grZnobebsa da qmedebas. adamiani aris socialuri da kulturuli wnexis qveS, ganuwyvetliv kiTxulobs da esmis Zaladobis Sesaxeb. satelevizio gadacemebi, reklamebi, filmebi, gazeTebi da videoTamaSebi aseTi Zaladobrivi situaciebis Camoyalibebas uwyoben xels. zrdasruli asakis miR-

19 teqsti amoRebulia wignidan `kompasi, samoqalaqo ganaTlebis saxelmZRvanelo axalgazrdebisaT-vis”, evrosabWo, strasburgi, 2002, gv. 376

20 wignidan `swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis: sityvaTa ganmarteba”, karen o’Sea, evrosabWo (2003), gv. 29

77

Tavi 4. konfliqti

wevamde axalgazrdas nanaxi aqvs aTasobiT mkvlelobisa da Zaladobis kadri tele-viziiT. Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi Zaladoba xSirad dadebiT Rirebulebad aRiqmeba. zogjer Zaladobaze uaris Tqma sisustis niSnad miiCneva, gansakuTrebiT, mamakacebSi, romlebic, adreuli asakidan, Tanatolebis wnexis qveS eqcevian.21

damatebiTi informaciisaTvis, gaecaniT maswavleblis damxmare masalas am Tavis bolos.

Tavi 4. konfliqti





gakveTili 1: konfliqtis gad-aWra

konfliqtis gadaWris eqvsetapiani midgoma: Sesavali

ganixileT kon-fliqturi situ-acia; ipoveT konfliqtis gad-aWris gzebi.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 4.1

mcire zomis jgufebSi muSaoba.

gakveTili 2: eqvsetapiani midgomis gamoy-eneba

eqvsetapiani midgomis gamoyeneba

ganixileT kon-fliqturi situ-acia; ipoveT konfliqtis gad-aWris gzebi.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 4.1moswavlis samuSao furceli 4.2

mcire zomis jgufebSi muSaoba.

gakveTili 3: urTierTwi-naaRmdegobrioba adamianis ufle-bebSi

im situaciebis amoc-noba da analizi, roca adamianis uflebebi erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba.

ganixileT situ-acia, roca ada-mianis uflebebi erTmaneTs ewi-naaRmdegeba.


mcire zo mis jgu febSi mu Saoba. kritikuli azrovneba.

gakveTili 4: Zalis gamoyneba

kritikuli analizi imisa, Tu ramdenad misaRebia Zaladobis gamoyeneba.

gaaanalizeT Zalis gamoyen-ebis SemTxveva.


mcire zo mis jgu febSi mu Saoba. kritikuli azrovneba.

21 teqsti amoRebulia wignidan ̀ kompasi, samoqalaqo ganaTlebis saxelmZRvanelo axalgazrdebisaTvis”, evrosabWo, strasburgi, 2002, gv. 380..

swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis da adamianis uflebebi

gakveTilTa es seria moswavleebs daexmareba:

_ gaacnobieron konfliqtebis gamomwvevi mizezebi;

_ gaacnobieron konfliqtebis gadaWris araZalismieri gzebi;

_ gaiumjobeson maT garSemo wamoWrili konfliqtebis gadaWris unari;

_ ganiviTaron im saWiroebebis gaazrebis unari, romelic konfliqtSi CarTul mxareebs

awuxebT;

_ gaiazron, rom adamianis uflebebic SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs;

_ kritikulad gaiazron Zaladobis gamoyenebis sakiTxi;

_ ukeT gaiazron, rogor SeiZleba ZaladobasTan gamklaveba;

_ gaacnobieron konfliqtebis mogvarebis araZaladobrivi gzebi.

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gakveTili 1konfliqtis gadaWrarogor unda gavumklavdeT seriozuli uTanxmoebis SemTxvevebs?

swavlis mizani _ konfliqtis gadaWris eqvsetapiani midgoma: Sesavali

moswavlis davaleba _ ganixileT konfliqturi situacia; ipoveT konfliqtis gadaWris gzebi.

saWiro masala _ furclebi, rveulebi da kalmebi. moswavlis samuSao furceli 4.1.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ mTeli klasis muSaoba; saWiroebisamebr, wyvilebSi muSaoba.

gakveTili

maswavlebeli gakveTilis dasawyisSi dafis marcxena mxares wers sityvas `kon-fliqti~. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, furcelze Camoweron sityvebi da cnebe-bi, romlebic konfliqtTan asocirdeba.

maswavlebeli dafis marjvena mxares wers sityvas `mSvidoba~ da sTxovs moswav-leebs, axla am cnebasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi Camoweron furcelze.

Semdeg maswavlebeli, daaxloebiT, 10 moswavles sTxovs, waikiTxon Camowerili sityvebi. moswavleTa asociaciebi dafaze iwereba da danarCen klass saSualeba eZl-eva, sakuTari komentarebi warmoadginon:

_ romelime sityva iwvevs maT gaocebas?

_ yvela sityva, romelic cneba `konfliqtis~ garSemo weria, xom ar aris negati-uri da yvela sityva, romelic cneba `mSvidobis~ garSemo weria, xom ar aris pozitiuri?

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, moiyvanon konkretuli konfliqturi situa-

ZiriTadi cnebebi

konfliqtebi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawilia. konfliqti aris adamianebis an adami-

anTa jgufis interesTa Sejaxebis Sedegi. konfliqtebi politikaSi sajaro gansjis sagnad

iqceva. konfliqtis sajaro ganxilva da kompromisis erToblivi Zieba sxvadasxva socialur

jgufebs samoqalaqo cxovrebaSi CarTulobis SesaZleblobas aZlevs. konfliqtis gadawyve-

tis gzebis (kompromisis) Zieba aris unari, romelsac gamomuSaveba sWirdeba. es gakveTili

swored am unaris ganviTarebas emsaxureba.

am wignSi gamoiyeneba konfliqtis mogvarebasTan dakavSirebuli Semdegi cnebebi, rom-

lebsac maswavlebeli unda icnobdes:

mogeba-mogeba _ es cneba gulisxmobs konfliqtis dasrulebas orive mxarisaTvis

momgebiani gadawyvetilebiT. orive mxare kmayofilia, radgan sasurvels miaRwia. es aris

konfliqtis mogvarebis idealuri modeli da garantias iZleva, rom konfliqti ar ganax-

ldeba.

mogeba-wageba an wageba-mogeba _ es cneba gulisxmobs konfliqtis dasrulebas ise, rom

erT-erTi mxare mogebuli rCeba, meore ki _ wagebuli. konfliqtis am modeliT gadaWris

SemTxvevaSi arsebobs albaToba, rom konfliqti ganaxldeba, radgan wagebuli mxare ar aris

dakmayofilebuli.

wageba-wageba _ Tu konfliqti am cnebiT sruldeba, es imas niSnavs, rom verc erTi

mxare ver dakmayofilda. Sesabamisad, es modeli konfliqtis mxolod droebiT miwynarebas

gulisxmobs; arsebobs Zalian didi albaToba, rom konfliqti male ganaxldeba.

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Tavi 4. konfliqti

ciebis magaliTebi, romelic maT Tavad SemTxveviaT, an romelsac isini Seswrebian. Semdeg moswavleebi unda dafiqrdnen imaze, Tu ramdenad gadaWradi iyo TiToeuli es konfliqti. maswavlebels Semoaqvs mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom yvela konfliqts ar mivyavarT Zaladobamde; arsebobs konfliqturi situaciebi, romlebic kompro-misiT sruldeba.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs konfliqtis magaliTs, rac SeiZleba ojaxSi moxdes:

`18 wlis katias unda, megobris gamogzavnil films uyuros maSin, roca, mis 15 wlis Zma martins satelevizio programis yureba surs~.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs samuSao furcel 4.1-s da iwyebs konfliqturi situaciis gaanalizebas qvemoT warmodgenili eqvsetapiani midgomis gamoyenebiT.

moswavleebi msjeloben arsebuli konfliqtis gansazRvrebaze da mxareebis saWiroebebze. mniSvnelovania, rom pirvel etapze mxareTa saWiroebebi araprovoka-ciuli toniT iyos Camoyalibebuli. es saWiroebebi uSualod unda ukavSirdebodes konfliqtis gadaWras da ar unda warmoadgendes am mxaris zogad miswrafebebs. aucilebelia, orive mxare Tanxmdebodes arsebuli konfliqtis gansazRvrebaze (me-2 etapi).

me-3 etapi ukavSirdeba arsebuli konfliqtis gadaWris gzebs. am etapze ar ganix-ileba konfliqtis gadaWris gzebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. me-3 etapze xdeba yvela variantis mxolod CamoTvla. Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs uxs-nis konfliqtis mogvarebasTan dakavSirebul sam cnebas: mogeba-mogeba, mogeba-wage-ba/wageba-mogeba da wageba-wageba. maswavlebeli dawyvilebul moswavleebs sTxovs, Seafason konfliqtis mogvarebis TiToeuli varianti am cnebebis gamoyenebiT (me-4 etapi).

Tu moswavleebi aRmoaCenen, rom SeuZlebelia konfliqtis dasruleba mogeba-mogebis modeliT, isini gadadian Semdeg modelze. analizis bolos moswavleebi wyveten, Tu romelia konfliqtis gadaWris saukeTeso gza (me-5 etapi). realur cx-ovrebaSi, roca mxareebi eqvsetapiani midgomis saSualebiT cdiloben konfliqtis mogvarebas, isini aucileblad unda SeTanxmdnen erT-erT variantze.

bolos maswavlebeli warmoadgens me-6 etaps: saWiroa, konfliqtis mogvarebis SerCeuli gza Sefasdes garkveuli drois Semdeg da moxdes masSi cvlilebebis Setana, ramdenadac amas situacia moiTxovs.

gakveTilis Sesajameblad, maswavlebeli moswavleebs Tavad meTodis efeqturobis Sesaxeb usvams kiTxvebs: rogor situaciebSi iqneba es meTodi yvelaze warmatebuli? ra Sedegebs moitanda am meTodis farTod gamoyeneba? moswavleebma unda imsjelon konfliqtebis mogvarebisas am meTodis gamoyenebis sxvadasxva konteqstze:

_ TanatolebTan;

_ ojaxSi;

_ klasSi;

_ skolaSi;

_ saxelmwifoSi;

_ omSi;

_ sportSi.

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gakveTili 2eqvsetapiani midgomis gamoyenebarogor unda avaridoT Tavi mezobelTan dapirispirebas?

swavlis mizani _ eqvsetapiani midgomis gamoyeneba.

moswavlis davaleba _ ganixileT konfliqturi situacia; ipoveT konfliqtis gadaWris gzebi.

saWiro masala – moswavlis samuSao furceli 4.1konfliqtebis amsaxveli ambebis aslebi moswavlis samuSao furcel 4.2-dan.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ mcire zomis jgufebSi muSaoba.

gakveTili

gakveTilis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, rom maTi mizania, sxva-dasxva tipis konfliqtis gadaWris gzebis Zieba eqvsetapiani midgomis gamoyenebiT.

klasi 4-5 moswavlisagan Semdgar jgufebad iyofa. jgufebi iReben moswavlis sam-uSao furcel 4.2-s da erT-erT konfliqtze muSaobis davalebas iReben. Sesabamisad, samuSao furcelze mocemul TiToeul konfliqts erTze meti jgufi ganixilavs. aseve, muSaobis procesSi jgufebi iyeneben moswavlis samuSao furcel 4.1-s `kon-fliqtis gadaWris eqvsetapiani midgoma~. msjelobis dasrulebis Semdeg, TiToeuli jgufidan erTi moswavle klasis winaSe konfliqtis mogvarebis eqvs etaps warmoad-gens. prezentaciebs jer is jgufebi akeTeben, romlebic pirvel konfliqtze muSao-bdnen, Semdeg ki isini, romelTac meore konfliqtze muSaoba ergoT wilad.

prezentaciebis Semdeg maswavlebeli marTavs diskusias konfliqtebis gadaWris gzebTan dakavSirebiT. Semdeg maswavlebeli SekiTxvebs svams:

_ kargad gvesmis `moTxovnebi~ da àrsebuli konfliqtis gansazRvreba~? aris gad-auWreli sakiTxebi?

_ SeiZleba gamoiZebnos konfliqtis mogvarebis sxva gzebi, romlebic sasargeblo iqneboda grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi?

Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, imuSaon maTTvis cnobil konfliqtebze skolis, qveynis, TanatolebTan urTierTobis gamocdilebidan. moswavleebma unda SearCion erTi an ori konfliqturi situacia da am konfliqt(eb)is mogeba-mogebiT gadawyvetaze ifiqron.

Tu maswavlebels surs, ganxilvis sagnad aqcios mediatorobis sakiTxi, SeuZlia, klasSi Semoitanos konfliqtebis iuridiuli formiT mogvarebis Tema (mediatoro-bis formebi, sasamarTloSi gasaCivreba da a.S.). konfliqtebis ganxilva SeiZleba moxdes eqvsetapiani midgomis an rolebis gaTamaSebis gziT.

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maswavlebeli rolebis gaTamaSebas irCevs, erTi moswavle Seasrulebs davaSi CarTuli erTi mxaris rols, meore moswavle _ davaSi CarTuli

informacia

mxolod Teoriuli cnebebis gaazreba ar aris sakmarisi konfliqtis mSvidobianad mog-

varebisaTvis. aucilebelia, konfliqtis mogvarebis praqtikuli unaris floba. es gakveTi-

li studentebs swored am unaris ganviTarebaSi daexmareba. Semdegi nabiji ki iqneba am

codnisa da unaris cxovrebiseul magaliTze gamoyeneba skolaSi.

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Tavi 4. konfliqti

meore mxaris rols. aseve, saWiro iqneba mesame moswavlis monawileobac, romelic mediatorad mogvevlineba. sami moswavlisagan Semdgari jgufebi konfliqtis gad-aWraze mediatoris daxmarebiT muSaoben. savarjiSos dasrulebis Semdeg, TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens sakuTar Sedegebs da, aseve, gaacnobs klass im process, romel-mac jgufi am Sedegebamde miiyvana. sxva sityvebiT, aqcenti keTdeba ara mxolod mediatoris daxmarebiT miRweul Sedegebze, aramed Tavad proceszec. rolebis ga-TamaSebas SeiZleba sakmaod didi dro dasWirdes. Sesabamisad, maswavlebels SeuZlia, rolebis gaTamaSeba klasgareSe aqtivobad, an calke gakveTilad gamoyos.

gakveTili 3urTierTwinaaRmdegobrioba adamianis uflebebSirogor moviqceT, Tu adamianis uflebebi erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba?

swavlis mizani _ im situaciebis amocnoba da analizi, roca adamianis uflebebi erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba.

moswavlis davaleba _ ganixileT situacia, roca adamianis uflebebi erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba.

saWiro masala _ didi zomis furceli da markeri TiToeuli jgufisaTvis. moswavlis samuSao furceli 4.3moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.2

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ mcire zomis jgufebSi muSaoba.kritikuli azrovneba.

gakveTili

moswavleebi 4-5 kacian samuSao jgufebad iyofian. jgufebs moswavlis samuSao furceli 4.3 ùrTierTwinaaRmdegobrioba adamianis uflebebSi: xuTi SemTxveva~, didi zomis qaRaldi da markeri urigdebaT.

dasawyisSi, moswavleebma unda daadginon, Tu adamianis romel uflebebTan gvaqvs saqme TiToeul SemTxvevaSi. am davalebis SesrulebaSi moswavleebs daexmareba sam-uSao furceli 5.2, romelzec adamianis uflebaTa nusxaa mocemuli. mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi SeTanxmdebian, Tu adamianis romeli uflebebi ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs, isini qaRalds markeris saSualebiT yofen Semdeg nawilebad. maswavlebels SeuZlia, aseTi CarCo dafazec daxatos da moswavleTa muSaobis Sedegebi masze daafiqsiros.

informacia

erTi SexedviT, adamianis uflebebis konvenciebi naTeli da erTmniSvnelovania. Tumca

aris SemTxvevebi, roca adamianis erTi ufleba ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis sxva uflebas.

aseT dros, aucilebelia kritikuli azrovnebis moSvelieba, orive mxaris uflebaTa awon-

dawonva da gamosavlis moZebna.

82


SemTxvevis nomeri

admianis uflebebi

____

gadawyvetis gza

ratom?

Semdeg moswavleebi winaaRmdegobrivi situaciidan gamosavalze msjeloben; isi-ni konfliqturi situaciis mogvarebis TiToeul SemoTavazebul variants argumen-tirebulad asabuTeben.

TiToeuli jgufi irCevs erT moswavles, romelic jgufis muSaobis Sedegebs da-narCen klass warmoudgens. prezentaciis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs ekiTxeba, Tu eTanxmebian konkretuli jgufis mier warmodgenil gamosavlis gzebs da sTxovs mosazrebebis dasabuTebas.

gakveTili 4Zalis gamoynebamisaRebia Tu ara Zalis gamoyeneba zog SemTxvevaSi?

swavlis mizani _ kritikuli analizi imisa, Tu ramdenad misaRebia Zaladobis gamoyeneba.

moswavlis davaleba _ gaaanalizeT Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxveva.

saWiro masala _ baraTebi, romlebzec datanilia ambebi moswavlis samuSao furcel 4.4-dan (aucilebelia, maswavlebels hqondes informacia qveyanaSi arsebul sasamarTlo sistemaze).

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ mcire zomis jgufebSi muSaoba.kritikuli azrovneba.

informacia

dedamiwaze mSvidobis damyareba sanukvar miznad iTvleba. miuxedavad amisa, saerTa-

Soriso samarTlis normebi ar gulisxmobs Zaladobis srul akrZalvas. es gakveTili mos-

wavleebs imis gaazrebaSi daexmareba, Tu rodisaa legitimuri Zalis gamoyeneba. moswaleeb-

ma unda imsjelon maT, an maTi nacnobebis mier Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebze.

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Tavi 4. konfliqti

gakveTili

moswavleebi 4-5 kacian samuSao jgufebad iyofian. maswavlebeli, an erT-erTi moswavle klass moswavlis samuSao furcel 4.4-Si mocemul pirvel ambavs warmoud-gens.

erT gakveTilze oTxive ambis ganxilva albaT SeuZlebeli iqneba. Sesabamisad, maswavlebels SeuZlia, airCios erT-erTi varianti:

_ mTeli klasi amuSaos or ambavze;

_ sxvadasxva jgufs samuSaod oTxive ambavi daurigos;

_ am sakiTxs kidev erTi gakveTili dauTmos.

TiToeuli jgufis amocanaa, gaecnon ambavs, gaiazron SekiTxvebi, imsjelon da msjelobis Sedegebi klasis winaSe warmoadginon. maswavlebelma kargad unda gaiTavi-sos am gakveTilis mTavari SekiTxva: ramdenad dasaSvebia Zalis gamoyeneba?

mas Semdeg, rac klasi TiToeuli jgufis prezentacias moismens, maswavlebels SeuZlia, garkveulwilad Seajamos ambavi/miawodos moswavleebs damatebiTi informa-cia ambavTan dakavSirebiT da mxolod Semdeg gadavides sxva ambavze.

maswavleblisaTvis: ambebi, SekiTxvebi da damatebiTi informacia

ambavi 1

antiglobalistebis manifestaciis dros adamianTa jgufma qvebi dauSina transnacionaluri kompaniis Senobas. policiam, romelic am SemTxvevas Seeswro, daakava adamianebi, romlebmac Senobas qvebi dauSines. xalxma erT-erTi policieli Seipyro da seriozuli fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayena.

SekiTxvebi:

dasaSvebi iqneboda, rom policias cecxli gaexsna momitingeebisaTvis, rom-1. lebic qvebs isrodnen?

dasaSvebi iqneboda tyviamfrqvevidan cecxlis gaxsna (es ufro swrafad aR-2. mofxvrida problemas, magram dasruldeboda meti msxverpliT)?

dasaSvebi iqneboda, rom policias meti dro daekarga da wylis Wavli gamoey-3. enebina?

dasaSvebi iqneboda, rom policias Zalis gamoyenebisagan Tavi Seekavebina da 4. amiT situaciis eskalacia aeridebina Tavidan?

informacia

saerTaSoriso normebis gaTvaliswinebiT, garkveul situaciebSi policias SeuZlia Zalis gamoyeneba. Zalis gamoyeneba dasaSvebia mxolod absoluturi aucile-blobis SemTxvevaSi. Zala aucileblad unda iyos proporciuli. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu policieli iRebs zemdgomisagan davalebas, romelic am wesis ugulebelyofas gu-lisxmobs, policiels SeuZlia, ar daemorCilos zemdgoms.

ambavi 2

qveyana a oms ucxadebs qveyana b-s, radgan qveyana b afinansebs danaSaulebriv da-jgufebebs, romelTac ieriSi miaqvT qveyana a-ze qveyana b-s teritoriidan. qveyana a-s dazverva aRmoaCens, rom qveyana b-s erT-erT sofelSi xdeba razmebis intensiuri

84


wvrTna; aseve, dazverva daadgens, rom mzaddeba msxvilmasStabiani Seteva qveyana a-s mniSvnelovan industriul obieqtze.

SekiTxvebi:

dasaSvebi iqneba, rom qveyana a-m dabombos qveyana b-s miTiTebuli sofeli 1. da gaanadguros, rac SeiZleba, meti adamiani, maT Soris, mSvidobiani mosax-leoba?

dasaSvebi iqneba dabombva mas Semdeg, rac: 1. gaafrTxileben danaSaulebriv 2. dajgufebas, rom ubrZolvelad Cabardes qveyana a-s warmomadgenlebs; 2. gaafrTxileben adgilobriv mosaxleobas mosalodneli dabombvis Sesaxeb; 3. teritoriidan gamosul adgilobriv mosaxleobas gaCxreken da, iaraRis CamorTmevis Semdeg, usafrTxo TavSesafars miuCenen?

dasaSvebi iqneba, rom qveyana a-m saerTod ar gamoiyenos Zala? ra alterna-3. tiul qmedebas SeiZleba mimarTos qveyana a-m?

informacia

saomar moqmedebebTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso normebi (`Jenevis konvencia~) ar krZalavs garkveul saomar qmedebebsa da iaraRis gamoyenebas. erT-erTi normis mixedviT, ar SeiZleba samxedro moqmedeba arasamxedro samizneebis winaaRmdeg. aseve, samxedro Careva ar unda iyos araproporciuli da erTgvarovani. magaliTad, roca SedarebiT msubuqi iaraRiT SeiZleba miznis miRweva, ar SeiZleba Zlieri bombebis gamoyeneba samxedro obieqtebis gasanadgureblad, radgan aseTma qmedebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios msxverpli mSvidobian mosaxleobaSi. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, `Jenevis konvencia~ ar krZalavs samxedro Carevas da mouwodebs mxareebs, gaiTvaliswinon mSvidobiani mosaxleobis interesebi.

ambavi 3

batoni brauni, romelic adgilobriv saavadmyofoSi teqnikosad muSaobs, roca saxlSi nasvami brundeba, fizikur Seuracxyofas ayenebs Tavis meuRles. colma policia erTxel ukve gaafrTxila qmris danaSaulebrivi qcevis Sesaxeb. mezoblis coli erTxel SemTxveviT Seeswro Zaladobis scenas da axla kargad xvdeba, Tu riTi sruldeba xolme xmamaRali kamaTi mezobel ojaxSi.

SekiTxvebi:

mezoblis coli valdebulia, darekos policiaSi, roca xmauri esmis mezo-1. beli ojaxidan? Tu es maT pirad cxovrebaSi araswori Careva iqneba?

policia valdebulia, Caerios adamianebis ojaxur cxovrebaSi, Tu isini aseT 2. informacias miiReben?

informacia

`monawile saxelmwifoebi gmoben qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formas, SeTan-xmdnen yvela saWiro saSualebiT ganuxrelad ganaxorcielon qalTa mimarT diskrim-inaciis aRmofxvris politika da, am mizniT, kisruloben valdebulebas, rom:

mamakacTa da qalTa Tanasworuflebianobis princips Seitanen TavianT erovnul konstituciebSi, an sxva Sesabamis kanonmdeblobaSi, Tu es jer ar gaukeTebiaT. kanonis da sxva Sesabamisi saSualebebis meSveobiT, uzrunvelyofen am principis praqtikul ganxorcielebas;

iq, sadac es saWiroa, miiReben Sesabamis sakanonmdeblo da sxva zomebs, maT Soris,

85

Tavi 4. konfliqti

sanqciebs, romlebic akrZalaven qalTa yovelgvar diskriminacias;Tavs Seikaveben qalTa mimarT raime diskriminaciuli aqtis an moqmedebis

Cadenisagan da uzrunvelyofen, rom saxelmwifo organoebi da dawesebulebebi moq-medebdnen am valdebulebis Sesabamisad;

miiReben yvela saWiro zomas, maT Soris sakanonmdeblos, im moqmedi kanonebis, dadgenilebebis, adaT–wesebis da praqtikis Sesacvlelad, an gasauqmeblad, rom-lebiTac daSvebulia qalTa diskriminacia~.

gaeros deklaracia qalTa mimarT Zaladobis aRmofxvris Taobaze (1993).

ambavi 4

leo 13 wlis gamxdari, patara biWia; roca is saTamaSo moedanze gadis, mas didi bi-Webi xSirad Cagraven. erTxelac leom ver moiTmina da did biWebs uTxra, rom Cagvra dauSvebelia da isini iqcevian, rogorc gaunaTlebeli primitivebi. pasuxad, didma biWebma leo sastikad scemes. fizikur Zaladobas Seeswro leos megobari, romelic am dros Sevida saTamaSo moedanze. patara biWis cemis faqts Seeswrnen mozrdilebic, romlebic maRaziidan saxlSi brundebodnen.

SekiTxvebi:

saWiroa, rom leos megobari Caerios CxubSi? rogor?1.

saWiroa, rom mozrdilebi Caerion CxubSi? rogor?2.

sxva ra gamosavals moZebnidiT arsebuli situaciidan?3.

damatebiTi davalebis saxiT, moswavleebma SeiZleba moamzadon werili didi bi-Webisadmi, sadac gamoxataven sakuTar damokidebulebas biWebis saqcielis mimarT. es SeiZleba iyos saSinao davaleba. moswavleebs werilis daweras gakveTilzeve vTxovT, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini swraf jgufur muSaobas arian miCveulni.

damxmare masala maswavleblisaTvis

saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali

ra aris saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali?

saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali efuZneba humanitaruli daxmarebis principebs da im saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebs, romlebic SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros mebrZolTa da mSvidobiani mosaxleobis sicocxlis gadarCenasa da tanjvis Semsubuqebas exeba. saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis ZiriTadi iuridiuli dokumentia Jenevis oTxi konvencia (1949), romelsac xels awers msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyana. konvenciebi exeba xmeleTze da zRvaze moqmedi samxedro nawilebis daWrili da avadmyofi mebrZolebis pirobebis gaumjobesebas, samxedro tyveebis mi-marT mopyrobas da mSvidobiani mosaxleobis dacvas omis dros. am konvenciebs 1977 wels daemata kidev ori, romelTa mizans warmoadgens saerTaSoriso da arasaerTa-Soriso xasiaTis SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis msxverplTa dacvis gaZliereba.

86


vis icavs saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali? me micavs saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali?

saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali icavs samxedro nawilebis daWril da avadmyof mebrZolebs, samxedro tyveebsa da mSvidobian mosaxleobas. samxedro nawilebis daWiril da avadmyof mebrZolebs, romeli qveynis moqalaqeebic ar unda iyvnen isini, saWiroa, miaqcion yuradReba da mixedon maT, Jenevis pirveli konvenciiT gansazRvruli pirobebis Tanaxmad. ikrZaleba maTi sicocxlis xelyofa, wameba, an maTze biologiuri eqsperimentebis Catareba, samedicino momsaxurebisa da movlis gareSe winaswari ganzraxviT mitoveba, aseve, ganzrax pirobebis Seqmna maTi dasnebo-vanebisaTvis. konvencia, aseve, icavs samedicino da sasuliero personals, samedi-cino daniSnulebis mowyobilobebsa da danadgarebs.

Jenevis meore konvencia icavs sazRvao samxedro nawilebis daWril da avadmyof mebrZolebs, samxedro gemis ganadgurebaSi moyolil mebrZolebs; maT ekuTvniT iseTive mopyroba, rogorc saxmeleTo nawilebs. es konvencia, aseve, icavs hospitalur gemebs.

Jenevis mesame konvencia exeba samxedro tyveebis uflebebs; maT unda moepy-ron humanurad, uzrunvelyon Sesabamisi sakvebiT, sacxovrebliT, tansacmliTa da samedicino daxmarebiT. ikrZaleba maTi wameba, an maTze samedicino eqsperimentebis Catareba. isini unda iyvnen daculni Zaladobis, Seuracxyofisa da xalxis cnobis-moyvareobisagan. analogiuri uflebebi vrceldeba tyved Cavardnil Jurnalistebze, an samoqalaqo pirebze, romlebic Tan axldnen samxedroebs.

Jenevis meoTxe konvencia icavs samoqalaqo pirebs. samxedro konfliqtSi CarTuli mxareebi iReben pasuxismgeblobas, rom yovelTvis ganasxvaveben samxedro pirebs samoqalaqo pirebisagan da ieriSs miitanen mxolod samxedro obieqtebze. samoqalaqo pirebs unda SeunarCundeT normaluri cxovrebis pirobebi. isini dac-ulni unda iyvnen sicocxlis xelyofis, wamebis, Zarcvis, represiebisa da tyveobisa-gan. pativi unda eces samoqalaqo pirebis Rirsebas, ojaxur uflebebsa da religiur Sexedulebebs. okupantebma unda uzrunvelyon samoqalaqo pirebisaTvis sakvebisa da samedicino daxmarebis usafrTxo miwodeba, saavadmyofoebisa da usafrTxoebis zone-bis Seqmna daWrilebis, avadmyofebis, moxucebulebis, bavSvebis, orsulebis da Cvil bavSvTa dedebisaTvis. es konvencia uzrunvelyofs qalTa da bavSvTa gansakuTrebul dacvas. saavadmyofos TanamSromlebi, romlebic maT uvlian, unda iyvnen daculni.

Jenevis konvenciebis mixedviT, humanitarul daxmarebas axorcielebs wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti (ICRC), wiTeli jvrisa da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris erovnuli sazogadoebebi, an sxva miukerZoebeli humanitaruli organizaciebi, romelTac uflebamosilebas aniWeben konfliqtis monawile mxareebi.

ra gansxvavebaa saerTaSoriso humanitarul samarTalsa da adamianis uflebaTa samarTals Soris?

saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali da adamianis uflebaTa samarTali erT-maneTs avsebs. orive icavs adamianebs fizikuri zianisa da Rirsebis Selaxvisagan, ma-gram isini sxvadasxva garemoebaSi moqmedeben da sxvadasxva dokumenti udevT safuZ-vlad. saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali samxedro qmedebebs ukavSirdeba da icavs maT, vinc mowinaaRmdegis xelSi vardeba. saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samar-Tlis ZiriTadi mizania samxedro qmedebebis dros daWrilTa, avadmyofTa, sazRvao samxedro qmedebebis msxverplTa, samxedro tyveebisa da samoqalaqo pirebis dacva. adamianis uflebaTa samarTali vrceldeba rogorc saomar, ise mSvidobian pirobebSi; misi mTavari mizania adamianebis samoqalaqo, politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis dacva, roca maTi mTavroba am uflebebs arRvevs.

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Tavi 4. konfliqti

saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali da arasrulwlovani jariskacebi

saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali krZalavs arasrulwlovanTa CarTvas sao-mar moqmedebebSi. aseTi akrZalvis miuxedavad, msoflios mraval kuTxeSi arasrul-wlovnebi monawileobas iReben sabrZolo moqmedebebSi. saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis normebis mixedviT, 15 wlamde asakis bavSvebis omSi gawveva dauSvebelia da yvela zoma unda iyos miRebuli, raTa Tavidan iyos acilebuli arasrulwlovanTa saomar moqmedebebSi CarTva. 15-dan 18 wlamde axalgazrdebis gawvevisas, prioriteti unda mieniWoT asakiT ufro didebs (muxli 77, protokoli I). samwuxarod, es normebi xSirad ugulebelyofilia. bavSvebi, romlebic konfliqtis zonaSi cxovroben, gan-sakuTrebiT, oblebi da sazogadoebis mier sxva formiT gariyulni, xSirad iReben monawileobas saomar moqmedebebSi. aris SemTxvevebi, roca bavSvebs ZaliT aqceven jariskacebad, Tumca zogi bavSvi Tavad irCevs jariskacobas, rogorc fizikuri ga-darCenis gzas.

ra SemTxvevebSi gamoiyeneba saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali?

saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali gamoiyeneba saerTaSoriso (qveynebs Soris) SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros, an samoqalaqo (qveynis SigniT) omis pirobebSi.

rogor SeiZleba mivusadagoT saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis normebi 11 seqtembris movlenebs?

2001 wlis 11 seqtembers daiRupa uamravi adamiani da, Sesabamisad, am TvalsazrisiT, es tragedia saomar moqmedebas utoldeba. Tumca, sadavoa, ramdenad SeiZleba mi-vusadagoT saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis normebi 11 seqtembris movlenebs. saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali gamoiyeneba saerTaSoriso (qveynebs Soris) SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros, an samoqalaqo (qveynis SigniT) omis pirobebSi. Tu niu-iorksa da vaSingtonSi samoqalaqo obieqtebis saSineli ganadgureba teroris-tulma dajgufebam ganaxorciela, is tragedia SeiZleba CaiTvalos saSinel dana-Saulad, da ara saomar moqmedebad, romelsac saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarT-lis normebi SeiZleba mivusadagoT.

ramdenad uzrunvelyofs saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali qalebis gansakuTrebul dacvas?

saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali aseT dacvas namdvilad uzrunvelyofs. zogadad, qalebze vrceldeba iseTive uflebebi, rogorc mamakacebze, Tumca Jenevis konvenciebSi naTqvamia, rom `qalebs unda moepyron maTi sqesis gaTvaliswinebiT~ (muxli 12, Jenevis pirveli da meore konvenciebi; muxli 14, Jenevis mesame konvencia). sxva sityvebiT, iqmneba dacvis damatebiTi garantiebi qalTa sqesTan dakavSirebuli iseTi faqtorebis gamo, rogorebicaa: Rirseba, orsuloba da bavSvis gaCena. magal-iTad, qali tyveebi, an dakavebulebi unda moTavsdnen mamakacebisagan gancalkev-ebiT, qalebis meTvalyureobis qveS. qalebi unda iqnen daculni `gaupatiurebis, Zaladobrivi prostituciis da yvela sxva formis Seuracxyofisagan~ (Jenevis meoTxe konvencia, muxli 27, aseve, muxlebi 75 – 76, protokoli I). saomari moqmedebebis arealidan garidebisas prioriteti yovelTvis unda mieniWoT òrsulebs, axalnam-Sobiareb qalebsa da Cvili bavSvebis dedebs~ (muxli 70, protokoli I). saomari moq-

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medebebis pirobebSi qalebis mopyrobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTebTan dakavSirebiT, SegiZliaT, gaecnoT kvlevas `qalebi da omi~ (www.womenandwar.org).

rogor uzrunvelyofs saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali bavSvTa uflebebis dacvas?

saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali krZalavs Setevas samoqalaqo pirebze da gansakuTrebulad icavs bavSvebs. samoqalaqo pirebi daculni unda iyvnen sicocxlis xelyofis, wamebis, Zarcvis, represiebisa da tyveobisagan. pativi unda eces samo-qalaqo pirebis Rirsebas, ojaxur uflebebsa da religiur Sexedulebebs. okupan-tebma unda uzrunvelyon samoqalaqo pirebisaTvis sakvebis da samedicino daxmarebis usafrTxo miwodeba, saavadmyofoebisa da usafrTxoebis zonebis Seqmna daWrilebis, avadmyofebis, moxucebulebis, bavSvebis, orsulebisa da Cvil bavSvTa dedebisaT-vis. gansakuTrebuli pirobebi moqmedebs im bavSvebze, romlebic ojaxis mzrunvelo-bis gareSe arian darCenilni, aqvT fsiqologiuri problemebi, an ver ukavSirdebian ojaxis wevrebs.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqceT 15 wlamde asakis bavSvebs, romlebic daoblebulni, an mowyvetilni arian TavianT ojaxebs; maT unda hqondeT saSualeba, daicvan TavianTi religiuri adaT-wesebi da miiRon ganaTleba.

iTvleba Tu ara saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTalis normebis darRvevad samoqalaqo pirebis daRupva saomari moqmedebebis dros?

samoqalaqo pirebis dacva warmoadgens saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis erT-erT mTavar amocanas. Jenevis meoTxe konvenciis mixedviT, daculi unda iyos samoqalaqo pirebis sicocxle da maT unda hqondeT SesaZlebloba, gaagrZelon nor-maluri cxovreba, Tu arsebobs usafrTxoebis saTanado pirobebi. 1977 wels damateb-uli pirveli protokoli azustebs samoqalaqo pirTa dacvis meqanizmebs saerTaSor-iso SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros. miuxedavad imisa, rom amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma xeli moawera pirvel protokols, jer kidev ar momxdara am protokolis ratifikacia. aSS acxadebs, rom is daicavs am protokoliT gaTvaliswinebul pi-robebs.

pirveli protokolis 48-e muxlSi naTqvamia: `samoqalaqo pirebisa da samoqalaqo obieqtebis dacvis mizniT, samxedro kon-

fliqtSi CarTuli mxareebi iReben pasuxismgeblobas, rom yovelTvis ganasxvaveben samxedro pirebs samoqalaqo pirebisagan da ieriSs miitanen mxolod samxedro obieqte-bze~. samoqalaqo pirebze da samoqalaqo obieqtebze pirdapiri ieriSis akrZalvis garda, saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali krZalavs Sereul Tavdasxmas, romlis msxverplni SeiZleba samoqalaqo pirebi iyvnen. aseTi saSiSroeba maSin wamoiWreba, roca samxedro obieqtis ieriSis dros Tavdamsxmeli ar iTvaliswinebs am ieriSis potenciur uaryofiT zegavlenas samoqalaqo pirebze (pirveli protokolis 41-e muxli).

omis dros samoqalaqo piris daRupva yovelTvis ukanono ar aris. saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali ar krZalavs SeiaraRebul konfliqtebs, is mxolod cdi-lobs, daicvas mSvidobiani mosaxleobis interesebi aseTi konfliqtis pirobebSi. Sesabamisad, saerTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTali aRiarebs, rom nebismier saomar moqmedebebs Tan axlavs òrmxrivi danakargi~, rac zogjer, samwuxarod, samoqalaqo pirebis danakargs gulisxmobs.

89

Tavi 4. konfliqti

moswavlis samuSao furceli 4.1konfliqtis gadaWris eqvsetapiani midgoma

mxare 1: moTxovnebi1. a.b.g.d.

mxare 2: moTxovnebi1. a.b.g.d.

arsebuli konfliqtis gansazRvreba2.

arsebuli konfliqtis gadaWris gzebi3. a.b.g.d.

mxare 1: gadaWris gzebis Sefaseba4. a.b.g.d.

4.mxare 2: gadaWris gzebis Sefasebaa.b.g.d.

romelia konfliqtis gadaWris saukeTeso gza?5.

rodis da rogor Sefasdeba, ramdenad sworad gadaiWra es konfliqti?6.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 4.2konfliqtebis magaliTebi

konfliqti 1

ori mezobeli ver rigdeba im RobesTan dakavSirebiT, romelic maT saxlebs erT-maneTisagan hyofs. erTi mezobeli Tvlis, rom aucilebelia Robis gamocvla, radgan arsebuli Robe moZvelda; mas surs, rom meore mezobelma gadaixados Robis gamocv-lis safasuris naxevari. meore mezobeli aRiarebs, rom Robe ar aris karg mdgomare-obaSi, magram ar surs Robis gamocvlasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis nawilis dafar-

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va. meore mezobeli miiCnevs, rom, Robis siZvelisda miuxedavad, is Tavis funqcias jer kidev asrulebs _ mezoblis ZaRls akavebs sakuTar ezoSi da ZaRli ver gadmodis mis baRSi. zogadad, meore mezobels ar moswaons, roca pirveli mezobeli sajarod iwonebs Tavs axali, ZviradRirebuli nivTebiT.

konfliqti 2

deda da mama ver morigebulan, Tu ra reaqciiT upasuxon maTi ori wlis Svilis xmaurs. mama Tvlis, rom bavSvma adreuli asakidan unda iswavlos qcevis wesebi; mas surs saxlSi siwynare, radgan misi samsaxuri Zalian damRlelia. deda ki Tvlis, rom ar SeiZleba ori wlis bavSvs mudmivad aukrZalo xmauri da tirili, radgan es mis gan-viTarebas Seaferxebs.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 4.3urTierTwinaaRmdegobrioba adamianis uflebebSi: xuTi SemTxveva

SemTxveva 1

maqsi aris 8 wlis biWi, romelic seriozulad daSavda avariaSi da saswrafod sWirdeba sisxlis gadasxma. religiuri mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, biWis mama sisx-lis gadasxmis sastiki winaaRmdegia. maqsis dedas da eqimebs ki surT, gadaarCinon biWis sicocxle.

SemTxveva 2

saavadmyofos saswrafo samedicino samsaxuris ganyofilebaSi adamianTa Sez-Ruduli raodenoba muSaobs. erT saRamos, Zalian bevri pacientis Tavmoyris gamo, mxolod erTi saoperacio oTaxi aRmoCnda Tavisufali. ori pacienti saswrafo oper-acias saWiroebs. eqimebma unda miiRon gadawyvetileba imis Taobaze, Tu vis mianiWon upiratesoba, patara bavSvs Tu warmatebul biznesmens.

SemTxveva 3

gusi aris religiuri partiis dafasebuli wevri, romlisTvisac Zalian Zvirfasia ojaxuri Rirebulebebi. gusis partiis ofisSi Jurnalisti aRmoaCens sasiyvarulo werilebs, rac adasturebs, rom gusi meuRles Ralatobs. Jurnalisti am werilebs aqveynebs.

SemTxveva 4

ioCou ganviTarebad qveyanaSi cxovrobs. is Raribia da sakuTari saxsrebiT mxo-lod sabazo saWiroebebis dakmayofileba SeuZlia. mas swavlis dawyeba surs, magram ar aqvs saTanado materialuri resursebi. saxelmwifo mas ver exmareba swavlis safa-suris dafarvaSi, radgan mTeli saxelmwifo resursi mosaxleobis ZiriTadi saWiroe-bebis dakmayofilebazea mimarTuli.

SemTxveva 5

adgilobriv xelisuflebas surs, aaSenos skola bavSvebis saTamaSo moedanze. sko lis aSenebis SemTxvevaSi bavSvebs aRar eqnebaT adgili, sadac TamaSs SeZleben.

91

Tavi 4. konfliqti

moswavlis samuSao furceli 4.4dasaSvebia Tu ara Zaladoba zog SemTxvevaSi?

ambavi 1

antiglobalistebis manifestaciis dros adamianTa jgufma qvebi dauSina transnacionaluri kompaniis Senobas. policiam, romelic am SemTxvevas Seeswro, daakava adamianebi, romlebmac Senobas qvebi dauSines. xalxma erT-erTi policieli Seipyro da seriozuli fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayena.

SekiTxvebi:

dasaSvebi iqneboda, rom policias cecxli gaexsna momitingeebisaTvis, rom-1. lebic qvebs isrodnen?

dasaSvebi iqneboda tyviamfrqvevidan cecxlis gaxsna (es ufro swrafad aR-2. mofxvrida problemas, magram dasruldeboda meti msxverpliT)?

dasaSvebi iqneboda, rom policias meti dro daekarga da wylis Wavli gamoey-3. enebina?

dasaSvebi iqneboda, rom policias Zalis gamoyenebisagan Tavi Seekavebina da 4. amiT situaciis eskalacia aeridebina Tavidan?

ambavi 2

qveyana a oms ucxadebs qveyana b-s, radgan qveyana b afinansebs danaSaulebriv da-jgufebebs, romelTac ieriSi miaqvT qveyana a-ze qveyana b-s teritoriidan. qveyana a-s dazverva aRmoaCens, rom qveyana b-s erT-erT sofelSi xdeba razmebis intensiuri wvrTna; aseve, dazverva daadgens, rom mzaddeba msxvilmasStabiani Seteva qveyana a-s mniSvnelovan industriul obieqtze.

SekiTxvebi:

dasaSvebi iqneba, rom qveyana a-m dabombos qveyana b-s miTiTebuli sofeli 1. da gaanadguros, rac SeiZleba, meti adamiani, maT Soris mSvidobiani mosax-leoba?

dasaSvebi iqneba dabombvis ganxorcieleba mas Semdeg, rac: 1. gaafrTxileben 2. danaSaulebriv dajgufebas, rom ubrZolvelad Cabardes qveyana a-s warmomad-genlebs; 2. gaafrTxileben adgilobriv mosaxleobas mosalodneli dabombvis Sesaxeb; 3. teritoriidan gamosul adgilobriv mosaxleobas gaCxreken da, ia-raRis CamorTmevis Semdeg, usafrTxo TavSesafars miuCenen?

dasaSvebi iqneba, rom qveyana a-m saerTod ar gamoiyenos Zala? ra alterna-3. tiul qmedebas SeiZleba mimarTos qveyana a-m?

ambavi 3

batoni brauni, romelic adgilobriv saavadmyofoSi teqnikosad muSaobs, roca saxlSi nasvami brundeba, fizikur Seuracxyofas ayenebs Tavis meuRles. colma policia erTxel ukve gaafrTxila qmris danaSaulebrivi qcevis Sesaxeb. mezoblis coli erTxel SemTxveviT Seeswro Zaladobis scenas da axla kargad xvdeba, Tu riTi sruldeba xolme xmamaRali kamaTi mezobel ojaxSi.

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SekiTxvebi:

mezoblis coli valdebulia, darekos policiaSi, roca xmauri esmis mezo-1. beli ojaxidan? Tu es maT pirad cxovrebaSi araswori Careva iqneba?

policia valdebulia, Caerios adamianebis ojaxur cxovrebaSi, Tu isini aseT 2. informacias miiReben?

ambavi 4

leo 13 wlis gamxdari, patara biWia; roca is saTamaSo moedanze gadis, mas didi bi-Webi xSirad Cagraven. erTxelac leom ver moiTmina da did biWebs uTxra, rom Cagvra dauSvebelia da isini iqcevian, rogorc gaunaTlebeli primitivebi. pasuxad, didma biWebma leo sastikad scemes. fizikur Zaladobas Seeswro leos megobari, romelic am dros Sevida saTamaSo moedanze. patara biWis cemis faqts Seeswrnen mozrdilebic, romlebic maRaziidan saxlSi brundebodnen.

SekiTxvebi:

saWiroa, rom leos megobari Caerios CxubSi? rogor?1.

saWiroa, rom mozrdilebi Caerion CxubSi? rogor?2.

sxva ra gamosavals moZebnidiT arsebuli situaciidan?3.

meore nawili _ pasuxismgeblobis aReba

Tavi 5.

uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi. ra uflebebi gvaqvs da rogor xdeba am uflebaTa dacva?

Tavi 6.

pasuxismgebloba. ra pasuxismgeblobebi gvakisria?

Tavi 5uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi da

pasuxismgeblobebi

ra uflebebi gvaqvs da rogor xdeba am uflebaTa dacva?

5.1 survilebi, ZiriTadi saWiroebebi, adamianuri Rirseba da adamianis uflebebimaqvs ufleba, moviqce ise, rogorc msurs?

5.2 adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebis identificirebaadamianis romeli uflebis darRvevasTan gvaqvs saqme?

5.3 uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebirogor SeiZleba arsebobdes uflebebi pasuxismgeblobebis gareSe?

5.4 adamianis uflebebi: testira aris ufleba? ra unda iyos adamianis ufleba?

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Tavi 5: uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi


adamianis uflebaTa dacva mniSvnelovania adamianTa ganviTarebisa da maTi po-tencialis sruli realizaciisaTvis. amavdroulad, adamianis uflebebi gansazRvravs saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobebs pirovnebisadmi. adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebu-li ZiriTadi dokumentebia adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia da bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia. adamianis uflebebi, tradiciulad, iyofa samoqalaqo, politikur, ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebebad. es kategoriebi ukavSirdeba adamianis uflebaTa Camoyalibebisa da gan-viTarebis sxvadasxva etaps. samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebi `pirveli Taobis~ uflebebad moixsenieba xolme, socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebi _ ̀ meore Taobis~ uflebebad, kulturuli da ganviTarebis uflebebi ki `mesame Taobas~ miekuTvneba. aseTi kategorizaciis miuxedavad, swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da ada-mianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb adamianis uflebaTa integrirebuli aRqmis momxrea. aseTi integrirebuli midgoma Tanabrad usvams xazs yvela zemoT CamoTvlili kategoriis uflebebs _ samoqalaqo, politikur, ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul ufle-bebs. demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavleba cdlobs, gverdi auaros warsulSi damkvidrebul midgomas imis Taobaze, rom garkveuli ufle-bebi ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre yvela danarCeni. adamianis uflebebi, tradiciu-lad, asocirdeba saxelmwifosTan da mis pirovnebasTan urTierTobasTan. demokra-tiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavleba gansakuTrebul yura-dRebas amaxvilebs adamianTa jgufebis uflebebze. demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebaSi am ideebis gatareba mniSvnelovania rogorc Tavad adamianis uflebaTa cnebis, ise adgilobrivi, erovnuli da regionuli Temebis ganviTarebisaTvis.22

adamianis uflebebSi sam elements gamoyofen: uflebis mepatrone, uflebis Sinaarsi (ra SeiZleba moiTxovos mepatronem am uflebis mixedviT), pasuxismgebeli piri (is pirovneba an dawesebuleba, romelic valdebulia, uzrunvelyos uflebis mepatronis mier uflebis gamoyeneba). pasuxismgebloba fasdeba sam doneze:

_ adamianis uflebaTa pativiscema. pirdapiri an iribi formiT adamianis ufle-baTa Selaxvisagan TavSekaveba. es ukanaskneli gulisxmobs iseTi dawesebule-bebis da pirobebis Seqmnisagan TavSekavebas, rac adamianTa uflebaTa darRve-vas Seuwyobda xels; aseve, yvela im xelSemwyob instrumentebze uaris Tqmas, romelic adamianis uflebaTa Selaxvas gamoiwvevs;

_ adamianis uflebaTa dacva. xelis SeSla maTTvis, vinc adamianis uflebebs ar-Rvevs, magaliTad, samTavrobo struqturebis warmomadgenlebis, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis, kerZo korporaciebis, Temis liderebis, ojaxis wevrebisaT-vis;

_ uflebaSezRudulTaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCena. im adamianebis xelSewyoba, romelTa uflebebis saTanado dacva ver moxerxda, an romlebic emsxverpl-nen bunebriv katasrofebs. aseTi daxmareba gulisxmobs iuridiul, sabiujeto, sakanonmdeblo da sxva qmedebebs, raTa Seiqmnas saukeTeso garemo adamianis uflebaTa dacvisaTvis.23

22 wignidan `swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis: sityvaTa ganmarteba~, karen o’Sea, evrosabWo (2003), gv. 29.

23 `movaleobebi da sazRvrebi. adamianis uflebebi da globaluri socialuri samarTlianoba~, adami-anis uflebaTa politikis saerTaSoriso sabWo.

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Tavi 5. uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi

Tavisuflebebi, romlebic samoqalaqo uflebebis formiTaa daculi, moicavs: azrovnebis, Sexedulebisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas, rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebas, saxelmwifos teritoriaze Tavisufali gadaadgilebisa da mSvidobi-ani Tavyrilobis gamarTvis Tavisuflebas. sxva samoqalaqo uflebebi icaven adami-anis piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis Tavisuflebas da Tanasworobas kanonis winaSe.24

adamianis TiToeul uflebas ukavSirdeba garkveuli pasuxismgeblobebi, rogorc moqalaqeTa, ise saxelmwifos mxridan. yoveli adamiani moralurad valdebulia, ar Seuracxyos sxva adamianis piradi Rirseba. mTavroba, romlis moqmedebas areguli-rebs konstitucia da saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi, ara mxolod moraluri, aramed iuridiuli pasuxismgeblobis matarebelia.

24 `movaleobebi da sazRvrebi. adamianis uflebebi da globaluri socialuri samarTlianoba~, adami-anis uflebaTa politikis saerTaSoriso sabWo.

ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis da adamianis uflebebi

gakveTilTa es seria daexmareba moswavleebs:

_ ukeT gaiazron adamianis uflebaTa arsi; is winapirobebi, romlebic yvela adamians

Rirseuli cxovrebis saSualebas aZlevs;

_ gaiRrmaon adamianis saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli uflebebis codna;

_ gaiumjebeson adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebis amocnobis unari;

_ ukeT gaiazron, Tu rogor SeuZliaT wvlilis Setana adamianis uflebaTa saTanado

dacvaSi;

_ gaacnobieron is pasuxismgeblobebi, romlebic adamianis uflebebs ukavSirdeba:

saxelmwifosa da sxvadasxva dawesebulebis, iseve, rogorc maTi, sakuTari moraluri

pasuxismgeblobebi.

98


Tavi 5: uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi





gakveTili 1:survilebi, ZiriTadi saWiroebebi, adamianuri Rirseba da adamianis uflebebi.

moswavleebs kargad aqvT gaazrebuli, rom adamianis ufle-baTa dacva adamianis Rirseuli cxovrebis winapirobaa.

moswavleebi akavSireben maT survi-lebs sakuTar saWiroebebTan da adamianis uflebebTan.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.1 moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.2

jgufuri muSaoba. diskusia. kritikuli azrovneba.

gakveTili 2: adamianis ufle-baTa darRvevis SemTxvevebis identificire-ba.

moswavleebs SeuZliaT adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebis identificireba.

moswavleebi ecnobian ada-mianis ufle-baTa darRvevis SemTxvevebs.


jgufuri an wyvilebSi muSaoba.diskusia.

gakveTili 3: uflebebi da pasuxismge-blobebi

moswavleebs gaazre-buli aqvT, Tu rogor SeiZleba Seitanon wvlili adamianis uflebaTa dacvaSi; maT esmiT, rom adamianis uflebebi ukavSirdeba garkveul pasuxismge-blobebs: saxelmwifosa da sxvadasxva daweseb-ulebis, iseve rogorc maT, sakuTar moralur pasuxismgeblobebs.

moswavleebi axdenen im pa-suxismgeblobe-bis (maT Soris, sakuTari mor-aluri pasux-ismgeblobis) identifika-cias, romlebic aucilebelia adamianis ufle-baTa dacvisaT-vis.

carieli fur-celi da kalamimoswavlis samuSao furceli 5.4moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.2

jgufuri an wyvilebSi muSaoba.kritikuli azrovneba.

gakveTili 4: adamianis ufle-bebi: testi

moswavleebs gaazre-buli aqvT adamianis saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli uflebebi.

moswavleebi ir Ceven swor pasuxs SekiTx-vebze, romelTa ramdenime sava-raudo pasuxi mocemulia da am pasuxebs ganixilaven.

baraTebi TiToeuli mo-swavlisaTvis, romelTac pasux-ebi ukana mxareze aqvs datanili (moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.5)

SekiTxvebi ramdenime savaraudo pasuxiT.

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gakveTili 1survilebi, ZiriTadi saWiroebebi, adamianuri Rirseba da adamianis uflebebimaqvs ufleba, moviqce ise, rogorc msurs?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs kargad aqvT gaazrebuli, rom adamianis uflebaTa dacva adamianis Rirseuli cxovrebis winapirobaa.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi akavSireben TavianT survilebs sakuTar saWiroebebTan da adamianis uflebebTan.

saWiro masala _ moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.1 (jgufze erTi samuSao furceli; jgufi 4-5 moswavlisagan Sedgeba)moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.2 (jgufze erTi samuSao furceli; jgufi 4-5 moswavlisagan Sedgeba).

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ jgufuri muSaoba. diskusia. kritikuli azrovneba.

gakveTili

gakveTilis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs gakveTilis organizaci-is ZiriTad principebs, magram detalurad ar aRwers gakveTilis Temas. moswavleebi iwyeben erTmaneTis gamokiTxvas maTi survilebisa da saWiroebebis Sesaxeb. mogvi-anebiT, isini aRmoaCenen, rom bevri saWiroeba adamianis uflebebs mWirdod ukav-Sirdeba. Semdeg moswavleebi 4-5 kacian jgufebad iyofian da davalebebs or wyebad iReben. maswavlebeli moswavleebs jer pirvel davalebas acnobs da mxolod pirveli davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg acnobs meores. Sesabamisad, SesaZlebeli xdeba moswav-leebis individualuri tempis gaTvaliswineba.

_ davaleba 1: moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.1 ̀ survilebi, saWiroebebi da uflebebi~. samuSao furcelze datanili cxrilis marcxena svetSi jgufebi ayalibeben `mate-rialur” survilebs (magaliTad, `kargi vaxSami~). yoveli `materialuri~’ survilis Semdeg weren minimum sam àramaterialur~ survils (magaliTad, `viyo siyvarulis obieqti~). Semdeg moswavleebi fiqrdebian im saWiroebebze, romelTac es survile-bi ukavSirdeba da saWiroebebs meore svetSi, survilebis gaswvriv weren.

_ davaleba 2: roca jgufi asrulebs muSaobas pirvel davalebaze, maswavlebeli mas aZlevs samuSao furcel 5.2-s, romelzec adamianis uflebebia CamoTvlili. mos-wavleebma unda miuweron survilebsa da saWiroebebs Sesabamisi uflebebi (magal-iTad, `sakvebis ufleba~, ` diskriminaciisagan Tavisufleba~). am ukanasknelTa CamonaTvali samuSao furcel 5.1-is bolo, marjvena svetSi keTdeba.

_ davaleba 3: is jgufebi, romlebic wina or davalebas droulad daasruleben, SeiZleba Seudgnen adamianis uflebaTa posterze muSaobas. am mizniT, isini irCeven erT saWiroebas da Sesabamis uflebas. jgufma unda ganixilos SerCeuli

cnebebi

aucilebelia, moswavleebma kargad ganasxvavon survili saWiroebisagan. yvelaferi is,

rac aucilebelia adamianis Rirseuli cxovrebisaTvis, aris saWiroeba. adamianis uflebeb-

is Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis safuZvels swored adamianis saWiroebebi warmoadgens.

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saWiroeba da ufleba, Semdeg ki originalurad gamosaxos isini posterze.

jgufebSi muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli jgufebis ideebs dafaze an flipCartze wers. flipCartis gamoyeneba ukeTesia, radgan Semdeg is SeiZleba ke-delze ganTavsdes. maswavlebeli samuSao furcel 5.1-ze gamosaxuli cxrilis msgavs cxrils dafaze/flipCartze xatavs da TiToeuli jgufis survilebiT, saWiroebe-biTa da uflebebiT avsebs manam, sanam dafaze/flipCartze ar iqneba, daaxloebiT, aTi survili, saWiroeba da Sesabamisi ufleba.

Semdeg maswavlebeli uZRveba diskusias qvemoT moyvanili ideebis garSemo:

_ `Tqven aRmoaCineT, rom Tqveni survilebi da saWiroebebi adamianis uflebaTa konvencias Seesabameba. amas axsna-ganmarteba sWirdeba!~

_ ̀ Cven ar gvifiqria konvenciaSi dacul zogierT uflebaze. SesaZloa, isini ar aris CvenTvis mniSvnelovani, an romelime sxva uflebaSi igulisxmeba. ras fiqrobT?~

_ `SexedeT adamianis uflebaTa nusxas. roca Tqven ayalibebT, Tu ra gWirdebaT imisaTvis, rom normalurad icxovroT da roca fiqrobT imaze, Tu ra sWird-ebaT adamianebs sxva qveynebSi, regionebSi an kontinentebze, rogor fiqrobT, ra aklia am nusxas? adamianTa romel uflebas daamatebdiT?~

diskusiis bolos, maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, rom msoflioSi ar wydeba debatebi adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb. SeiZleba erTi daskvnis gakeTeba: àdamianis uflebebi saWiroa imisaTvis, rom adamianebs Rirseuli cxovrebis saSualeba hqon-deT~. maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, am daskvnis alternativebze ifiqron, rac, SeiZleba, saSinao davalebadac mieceT. Semdegi ramdenime dRis manZilze, moswav-leebs unda hqondeT saSualeba, rom daamaton ideebi kedelze gakrul flipCartze CamoTvlil survilebs, saWiroebebsa da uflebebs. es maT saSualebas miscems, gaagr-Zelon fiqri am sakiTxze.

damatebiTi davalebis saxiT, moswavleebs SeiZleba vTxovoT, moamzadon pos-terebi adamianis uflebaTa Temaze. am mizniT, maT SeiZleba, gamoiyenon gazeTebidan da Jurnalebidan amoWrili statiebi, naxatebi da a.S. SesaZlebelia moswavleTa pos-terebis gamofenis mowyobac da/an klasis kedlebze maTi ganTavseba.

bolos, maswavlebeli ajamebs gakveTilis miznebsa da gakveTilze gamoTqmul mosazrebebs; mas SeuZlia, moswavleebs auxsnas, rom is induqciur midgomas iyenebs. am midgomis arsi ki mdgomareobs, pirovnuli gamocdilebisa da ideebis ganxilvis safuZvelze, konkretul Teoriul daskvnebamde misvlaSi.

gakveTili 2adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebis identificirebaadamianis romeli uflebis darRvevasTan gvaqvs saqme?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs SeuZliaT adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebis identi-ficireba.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi ecnobian adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebs.

saWiro masala _ moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.3 moswavleTa TiToeuli wyvilisaTvis.moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.2 moswavleTa TiToeuli wyvilisaTvis.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ jgufuri an wyvilebSi muSaoba.diskusia.

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gakveTili

maswavlebeli gakveTils iwyebs wina gakveTilze Sesrulebuli davalebebisa da miRweuli Sedegebis SejamebiT. warmodgenilia posterebi da daskvnebi.

moswavleebi wyvildebian. TiToeuli wyvili iRebs moswavleTa samuSao furcel 5.3-s (adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebi) da moswavleTa samuSao furcel 5.2-s (adamianis uflebaTa nusxa).

mewyvileebi Tanabrad inawileben samuSao furcel 5.3-ze mocemul adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebs.

moswavleebi ecnobian da ganixilaven adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebs. Semdeg isini samuSao furcel 5.2-dan arCeven adamianis im uflebebs, romelTa dar-Rvevis SemTxvevebsac samuSao furcel 5.3-ze Sexvdnen. magaliTad, pirveli SemTxveva warmoadgens nusxaSi me-10 uflebis darRvevas.

Semdeg iwyeba ganxilva. gamomdinare iqidan, rom adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis TiToeul SemTxvevaze ramdenime moswavle sxvadasxva wyvilSi muSaobs, moswavleebs aqvT SesaZlebloba, warmoadginon sakuTari azrebi da gamarTon diskusia. es disku-sia SeiZleba Semdegi SekiTxvebis daxmarebiT warimarTos:

_ rogor mixvediT am daskvnamde?

_ roca sxva moswavlis azri moismineT, xom ar ifiqreT Tqveni Sexedulebis Secvlis Sesaxeb? romeli iyo TqvenTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani argumenti? ra-tom?

am diskusiis mizania sxvadasxva mosazrebis ganxilva, da ara erTi swori pasuxis Zieba.

damatebiTi aqtivoba

Tu gakveTilis bolos darCa dro, maswavlebels SeuZlia, hkiTxos moswav-leebs, Tu romelia am magaliTebidan maTTvis yvelaze miuRebeli. maswavleb-els SeuZlia, gamoiyenos Semdegi SekiTxvebi:

_ rogor igrZnobdiT Tavs, Tqven rom mogsvlodaT es?

_ ra reaqcia geqnebodaT?

_ Tqveni azriT, rogor moiqceodnen sxvebi (Tqven rogor isurvebdiT, rom sxvebi moqceuliyvnen)?

es SekiTxvebi daexmareba moswavleebs imis gaazrebaSi, rom yvela adamians aqvs pasuxismgebloba, daicvas adamianis uflebebi.

informacia

msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi yoveldRiurad irRveva adamianis uflebebi. konkretu-

li magaliTebis ganxilva moswavleebs adamianis uflebaTa arsis gaazrebaSi daexmareba.

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moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.3adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebi

maswavleblis asli

adamianis uflebis darRveva adamianis ufleba

ramdenime wlis win qalbatoni braunis qaliSvili da meuRle avtokatastrofaSi daiRupnen; mas ar SeuZlia daqorwindes sxva mamakacze, sanam misi mazli ar mis-cems oficialur Tanxmobas. 10

cixis mcvelebi patimrebs, SesaSineblad, ZaRlebiT emuqrebodnen. erTxel erT-erTma ZaRlma patimars ukbina. 2

adgilobriv sawarmoSi muSebs uwevT dReSi 10 saaTi muSaoba Sesvenebis gareSe. 21

daapatimres sami mamakaci; maTTan ar uSveben advokatebs. 5

qalbatons, romelsac aqvs iseTive samuSao gamocdileba, rogorc mamakacs, uniS-naven ufro dabal xelfass. isini erTi asakis arian da manamde erTnair samuSaos asrulebdnen. 7

X-ma moitaca da daakava Y sami dRiT. X-ma Y-s TavSi esrola, ramac gamoiwvia am ukanasknelis gardacvaleba sami dRis Semdeg. 1

narkotikuli saSualebebis momxmarebel qalbatons gadauRes foto maSin, roca is narkotikebis momxmarebelTa klinikidan ewereboda. mogvianebiT, es foto gamoqveynda. 9

qalbatons meuRle cudad eqceoda. qalbatonma mxolod maSin SeZlo Tavis meuRlesTan ganqorwineba, roca mas Tavisi saxli, manqana da mTeli qoneba dauT-mo. qalbatoni darCa yovelgvari qonebis gareSe. 11

adamians, romelsac filtvebis anTeba sWirda, saavadmyofoSi saTanado daxmareba ar aRmouCines, radgan igi qveyanaSi arakanonierad iyo Semosuli. 18

mosaxleobis 70%, romelic konkretul teritoriaze cxovrobda, gadaasaxles da dabrunebis ufleba aRar misces. xalxs karvebSi miuCines bina da ar aZlevdnen saSualebas, daemuSavebinaT miwa an mgzavrobisaTvis garkveuli gzebi gamoeyen-ebinaT. 12

Savkanianebs afrikaSi erTi boTli viskis fasad yidulobdnen da CrdiloeT amer-ikaSi 1200-1500 aSS dolarad yiddnen. 3

qveyanaSi yvela is saSualeba gaanadgures, romelic am qveynis macxovrebelTa sasicocxlo wyaros warmoadgenda _ marcvleuli, wyali da saqoneli. 17

qveyanaSi moqalaqeebs bralis wayenebis gareSe aTavseben sapyrobileSi. 4

26 wlis Jurnalisti saarCevno kampaniis arasasurveli formiT gaSuqebis gamo mokles. 15

X gaiwvies samxedro samsaxurSi. man warmoadgina axsna-ganmarteba, romelSic daafiqsira, rom samxedro samsaxuri misTvis pirovnulad miuRebelia. aseTi ax-sna-ganmartebis miuxedavad, X-s daumorCileblobaSi dasdes brali da qveynis datoveba aukrZales. 14

qveyanaSi erT-erTi religiuri aRmsareblobis mimdevrebs ekZalebaT Sexvedra. 16

qalaqSi macxovrebelTa eTnikurma umravlesobam gadawyvita, rom eTnikuri um-ciresobebi, boSebi da ebraelebi qalaqis specialurad gamoyofil ubnebSi unda cxovrobdnen. 25

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adamianis uflebis darRveva adamianis ufleba

sofelSi macxovrebel bavSvebs ar aqvT saSualeba, iaron dawyebiT skolaSi, rad-gan ar arsebobs skola, romelic maTi sacxovrebelTan axlosaa. 19

X ver iyris kenWs saparlamento arCevnebSi, radgan sasuliero pirebi mis kandi-daturas ar uWeren mxars. 23

imis gamo, rom X aris Savkaniani, mas ar iReben eqimis Tanamdebobaze adgilobriv saavadmyofoSi. 20

zog qveyanaSi socialurad daucvel mosaxleobas ar aqvs SesaZlebloba, miiRos monawileoba kvebis an TavSesafris uzrunvelyofis programebSi; aseve, moklebu-lia samedicino momsaxurebis miRebis SesaZleblobas. 26

batoni X-is saxli daiwva da mas ar SeuZlia moiTxovos kompensacia. 6

47 wlis qalbatoni mTeli Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze diasaxlisi iyo da gazarda 5 Svili. axla, rodesac Tavis meuRlesTan unda ganqorwindes, is socialuri dacvis yovelgvari meqanizmis gareSe rCeba. 22

batoni X, ori Svilis mama, daapatimres imis gamo, rom arsebuli reJimis winaaRm-deg leqsebs werda. is qveynidan gaiqca da sxva qveyanaSi TavSesafars iTxovda. mas TavSesafari ar misces, miuxedavad imisa, rom X-is gancxadebiT, samSobloSi dabrunebis SemTxvevaSi, mas wameba elis. 13

savarZels mijaWvuli adamianebisTvis adgilobriv TeatrSi kulturul RonisZiebebze daswreba ar aris nebadarTuli. 24

imisaTvis, rom qveynis moqalaqeoba miiRo, aucilebelia, am qveyanaSi icxovro 15 weli, iyo gonebrivad da fizikurad janmrTeli (SemowmebiT unda iyos dadasture-buli) da gadaixado sakmaod maRali administraciuli gadasaxadi. Sesabamisad, aTasobiT boSa sakuTar qveyanaSi moqalaqeobas ver iRebs. 8

gakveTili 3uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebirogor SeiZleba arsebobdes uflebebi pasuxismgeblobebis gareSe?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs gaazrebuli aqvT, Tu rogor SeiZleba Seitanon wvlili adamianis uflebaTa dacvaSi; maT esmiT, rom adamianis uflebebi garkveul pasuxismgeblobebs ukavSirdeba: saxelmwifosa da sxvadasxva dawesebulebis, aseve, maT sakuTar moralur pasuxismgeblobebs.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi axdenen im pasuxismgeblobebis (maT Soris, maTi, sakuTari moraluri pasuxismgeblobis) identifikacias, romlebic aucilebelia adamianis uflebaTa dacvisaTvis.

saWiro masala _ carieli furceli da kalamimoswavlis samuSao furceli 5.4 moswavleTa TiToeuli wyvilisaTvis.moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.2 moswavleTa TiToeuli wyvilisaTvis.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ jgufuri an wyvilebSi muSaoba.kritikuli azrovneba.

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gakveTili

moswavleebi wyvildebian. TiToeul wyvils urigdeba carieli furceli da kala-mi. maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, Camoweron 3 ZiriTadi ufleba, romelic dac-uli unda iyos skolaSi da 3 ZiriTadi ufleba, romelic daculi unda iyos ojaxSi. magaliTad, `skola ar unda aZlevdes moswavles Zalian didi moculobis davalebas~, an òjaxi bavSvs jibis fuliT unda uzrunvelyofdes~.

Semdeg maswavlebeli TiToeul wyvils urigebs samuSao furcel 5.4-s (uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi) da samuSao furcel 5.2-s (adamianis uflebaTa nusxa). moswav-leebma Tvali unda gadaavlon adamianis uflebaTa nusxas da SearCion is uflebebi, romlebic yvelaze metad miesadageba maT mier Camoweril eqvs uflebas.

moswavleebi SerCeul eqvs uflebas Camoweren samuSao furcel 5.4-is pirvel svetSi. maswavlebels SeuZlia, SesTavazos moswavleebs damatebiTi axsna-ganmarteba ama Tu im uflebasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu moswavleebs aseTi daxmareba esaWiroebaT.

mas Semdeg, rac dasruldeba pirvel svetze muSaoba, maswavlebeli uxsnis mos-wavleebs, rom TiToeuli ufleba dakavSirebulia garkveul pasuxismgeblobasTan. magaliTad, `sityvis Tavisuflebas ukavSirdeba adamianis pasuxismgebloba, rom sxva adamians Seuracxyofas ar miayenebs, ar Seexeba mis Rirsebasa da reputacias~. uflebaTa da pasuxismgeblobaTa aseTi kavSiri gvavaldebulebs, gamoviyenoT Cveni uflebebi garkveuli SezRudvebis farglebSi. aris SemTxvevebi, roca uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. magaliTad, saklaso oTaxSi dasven-ebis ufleba da swavlis ufleba SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs, roca mos-wavleTa nawils surs swavla, xolo meore nawils _ dasveneba. ufro metic, skolis pasuxismgeblobaa, gaanaTlos moswavleebi da uzrunvelyos maswavleblebisaTvis sa-Tanado samuSao pirobebi.

maswavlebeli iTxovs, rom moswavleTa wyvilebma gacvalon Canawerebi. TiToeulma wyvilma sxva wyvilis mier Camoweril uflebebs unda miuTiTos pasuxismgeblobaTa ori wyeba:

_ adamianebis pirovnuli pasuxisgebloba, rom sxva adamianebs mieceT saSualeba, isargeblon sakuTari uflebebiT (Caiwereba samuSao furcel 5.4-is meore svet-Si).

_ skolis an sxva dawesebulebis, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis da a.S. pasux-ismgebloba, rom uzrunvelyon am uflebis dacva (Caiwereba samuSao furcel 5.4-is mesame svetSi). magaliTad, moswavlis pirovnuli pasuxismgeblobaa, rom sxva moswavlis pirad dRiurSi ar Caixedos; xolo skolis pasuxismgeblobaa, rom ar gaCxrikos moswavleebi konkretuli safuZvlis gareSe (magaliTad, Tu Cxreka tardeba moparuli kalkulatoris mosaZebnad, ar SeiZleba Cxrekisas xelSi moxvedrili moswavlis piradi dRiuri skolis mesveurebma waikiTxon).

informacia

adamianis ufleba ar iqneba daculi, Tu konkrtuli adamianebi da uwyebebi ar iReben

pasuxismgeblobas mis realizaciaze. imis miuxedavad, rom ZiriTadi pasuxismgebloba mTav-

robas ekisreba, aucilebelia, adamianebic aqtiurad icavdnen sakuTar da sxvaTa ufle-

bebs. pirovnebis moraluri valdebulebaa, rom izrunos iseTi garemos Seqmnaze, sadac

adamianis uflebaTa dacva Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis ganuyofel nawilad iqceva.

damatebiTi aqtivobis saxiT, maswavlebels SeuZlia, Semoitanos dadebiTi da uaryofi-

Ti uflebebis Tema da proeqtze muSaoba.

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adamianis ufleba pirovnebis pasuxismgebloba skolis, uwyebis da a.S. pasuxismgebloba

piradi cxovrebis ufleba ar Caixedos sxva moswavlis pirad dRiurSi

ar waikiTxos moswavlis piradi dRiuri maSin, roca Cxrekis mizania naZarcvis aRmoCena

Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs wyvilebs, klasis winaSe warmoadginon erTi ufleba da misi Tanmxlebi ori pasuxismgebloba.

maswavlebels SeuZlia, samuSao furcel 5.4-ze moyvanili cxrili dafaze daxazos da Seavsos is moswavleebis pasuxebiT. gakveTilis bolos, maswavlebels SeuZlia, mokled mimoixilos cxrilSi moyvanili informacia da sTxovos moswavleebs, gaake-Ton komentari sxvadasxva pasuxismgeblobaze.

damatebiTi savarjiSo

Tu maswavlebels surs, damatebiTi dro dauTmos dadebiT da uaryofiT ufle-bebsa da proeqtze muSaobis sakiTxebs, mas SeuZlia, Semdegi aqtivobebi gamoiyenos.

maswavlebeli iwyebs imis axsniT, rom adamianis uflebebi zogjer iyofa `dadeb-iT~ da ùaryofiT~ uflebebad. ùaryofiTi~ uflebebi krZalaven uaryofiT qmede-bebs, magaliTad, wamebis akrZalva. `dadebiTi~ uflebebi ki warmoadgenen garkveuli valdebulebis Sesrulebis moTxovnas, magaliTad, sakvebis ufleba.

maswavlebeli imasac uxsnis moswavleebs, rom adamianis uflebaTa did nawils aqvs rogorc uaryofiTi, ise dadebiTi mxareebi. magaliTad, wamebisgan dacva, erTi mxriv, gulisxmobs wamebis akrZalvas (xelmZRvaneloba ukrZalavs policielebs dakavebul-Ta wamebas), xolo, meore mxriv, TavSekavebas iseTi qmedebisagan, romelic wamebas moicavs (samarTaldamcavi, romelmac damnaSave daakava, ar awamebs mas).

moswavleebi ubrundebian adamianis uflebaTa nusxas da irCeven sam uflebas; isini, sakuTari moraluri pasuxismgeblobebis sailustraciod, ixseneben dadebiTi da uaryofiTi qmedebebis cxovrebiseul magaliTebs. Semdeg moswavleebi, skolis/adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis/centraluri xelisuflebis pasuxismgeblobebis sailustraciod, damatebiT sam uflebas irCeven. moswavleebi pasuxismgeblobebs aRniSnaven uaryofiTi (-) an dadebiTi (+) niSnebiT.

adamianis ufleba pirovnebis (moraluri) pasuxismgebloba

skolis, uwyebis da a.S. pasuxismgebloba

piradi cxovrebis ufleba (=magaliTi)

(+) (+) uzrunvelyos, rom moswavlis Sesaxeb informacia ar iyos xelmisawvdomi yvelasaTvis.

(-)ar Caixedos sxva moswavlis pirad dRiurSi, Tu dRiuris patroni ar miscems amis uflebas.

(-) (skola) ar gaCxrikos moswavleTa piradi nivTebi, Tu ar arsebobs amis aucilebloba.(-) (saxelmwifo) uzrunvelyos iseTi kanonmdebloba, romelic adamianis piradi cxovrebis uflebas icavs.

Tu maswavlebels surs, gamoiyenos es aqtivoba proeqtze muSaobisaTvis, mas SeuZlia, sTxovos moswavleebs, SearCion adamianis uflebebi, romlebzec Semdgomi ramdenime kviris/Tvis manZilze imuSaveben. Semdeg moswavleebi muSaoben gegmaze, romelic gansazRvravs proeqtis miznebsa da gansaxorcielebel qmedebebs. aseve, xde-ba imis dazusteba, Tu ra droSi da vis mier unda Sesruldes TiToeuli qmedeba.

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gegma

proeqtis mizani: .............................................................................................................................

ra unda gakeTdes? vin gaakeTebs? rodis iqneba dasrulebuli?

momdevno gakveTilebze ganxorcieldeba es gegma da, bolos, Sefasdeba.

gakveTili 4adamianis uflebebi: testira aris ufleba? ra unda iyos adamianis ufleba?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs gaazrebuli aqvT adamianis saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli uflebebi.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi irCeven swor pasuxs SekiTxvebze, romelTa ramdenime savaraudo pasuxi mocemulia da ganixilaven am pasuxebs.

saWiro masala _ TiToeuli moswavlisaTvis gankuTvnili baraTebi, romelTac pasuxebi ukana mxareze aqvs datanili (moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.5).

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ SekiTxvebi ramdenime savaraudo pasuxiT.

gakveTili

gakveTilis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, rom es testi ar em-saxureba maTi codnis Semowmebas. testirebis mizania, daexmaros moswavleebs, ukeT gaiazron adamianis uflebebi.

moswavleebi horizontalurad Wrian samuSao furcel 5.5-s da TiToeul SekiTxvas acalkeveben. Semdeg moswavleebi awebeben SekiTxvisa da savaraudo pasux-ebis mxares swori pasuxis mxareze ise, rom baraTis erT mxares iyos SekiTxva sava-raudo pasuxebiT, xolo meore mxares _ swori pasuxis axsna.

informacia

adamianis uflebebi warmoadgens dinamikur, mudmivad ganviTarebad cnebas. saerTa-

Soriso samarTali gansazRvravs adamianis uflebaTa Sinaarssa da areals. qvemoT moce-

muli testi ar aris moswavleTa codnis Sefasebis instrumenti. es testi daexmareba mo-

swavleebs, sworad gaigon, Tu ras gulisxmobs adamianis uflebebi da Seafason, Tu sad

vdgavarT amJamad, adamianis uflebaTa Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT.

am gakveTilamde maswavlebeli unda gaecnos gaerosa da evrosabWos farglebSi ga-

formebul xelSekrulebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. sasurvelia, maswavlebelma gakveTi-

li daiwyos ramdenime ZiriTadi sityvis/cnebis ganmartebiT: gaero, evrosabWo (ganvasxvav-

oT evrokavSirisagan), adamianis uflebebi, saxelmwifo, diskriminacia, gasamarTleba.

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17 wlamde asakis axalgazrdis muSaobaa. yovelTvis bavSvis uflebis darRvevaa.b. bavSvis uflebis darvevaa mxolod maSin, Tu samuSao aris mavne.g. dasaSvebia, Tu qveynis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT minimaluri samuSao asaki 17 wels qvemoTaa.

17 wlamde asakis axalgazrdis muSaoba swori pasuxia g: bavSvTa uflebebis konven-cia krZalavs bavSvTa Sromas im SemTxvevebSi, Tu is mavnea, an gulisxmobs bavSvis dis-kriminacias. amasTanave, es konvencia saSu-alebas aZlevs saxelmwifos, Tavad daaregu-liros minimaluri samuSao asaki. muSaoba mimdinareobs bavSvTa Sromaze ufro mkacri SezRudvebis dawesebasTan dakavSirdebiT.

wylis uflebasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebia. mTavroba valdebulia, uzrunvelyos sufTa da jansaRi wylis miwodeba mosaxleobisaT-vis.b. mTavrobas ar aqvs ufleba, ganaxorcie-los moqalaqeTa diskriminacia wylis miwode-basTan dakavSirebiT. g. mTavrobas ar aqvs ufleba, SeuzRudos wylis miwodeba moqalaqeebs.

wylis uflebasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiswori pasuxebia: b da g. gaeros ekonomikuri da socialuri ufle-bebis komitetis interpretaciiT, a ar aris swori, b da g ki sworia.

sikvdiliT dasjaa. akrZalulia mTel msoflioSi.b. akrZalulia (kanonis da praqtikis mixed-viT) msoflios qveyanaTa 50 %-Si.g. ar aris dasaSvebi 18 wlamde asakis axal-gazrdebSi.

sikvdiliT dasjaswori pasuxebia: b da g. a ar aris swori. gaeros dokumentebi da ada-mianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia srul akrZalvas ar aweseben sikvdiliT dasjaze. Tumca maTi arasavaldebulo protokolebi garkveul SezRudvebs aweseben: protokoli 6 (mSvidobian periodSi sikvdiliT dasjis akrZalva) da protokoli 13 (sikvdiliT dasjis akrZalva yvela garemoebaSi). es do-kumentebi xelmowerili da ratificirebulia bevri qveynis mTavrobis mier.

ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebia. ar aris adamianis realuri uflebebi. b. mosalodneli ar aris, rom saxelmwifo daakmayofilebs yvela adamianis ekonomikur da socialur uflebebs.g. yvela evropels SeuZlia am uflebebis moTxovna.

ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebiswori pasuxia: boficialurad, ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebi adamianis uflebaTa ganuyofeli nawilia, Tumca maTi Sesrulebis valdeb-uleba gacilebiT sustia, vidre politikuri da samoqalaqo uflebebis. ekonomikuri, so-cialuri da kulturuli uflebebis saer-TaSoriso konvenciis mixedviT, saxelmwifo unda miiswrafodes am uflebebis dacvisaken, magram ar arsebobs am uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevaSi gasaCivrebis evropuli meqanizmi (garkveul garemoebebSi, arasavaldebulo protokoli saSualebas aZlevs organizaci-ebs, warmoadginon aseTi saCivrebi).

ganaTlebis uflebaa. adamianebsa da adamianTa jgufebs SeuZliaT, gaxsnan skola, Tu akmayofileben minimalur iuridiul moTxovnebs.b. ar arsebobs valdebulebebi saganmanaTle-blo programebis SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT.g. mTavrobam unda uzrunvelyos savalde-bulo ganaTlebis miwodeba 18 wlamde asakis axalgazrdebisaTvis.

ganaTlebis uflebaswori pasuxia: ab da g araswori pasuxebia. saerTaSoriso konvenciebis, magaliTad, bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis mixedviT, ganaTlebis sistemam unda uzrunvelyos moswavleTa informireba adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb.

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devnilad aRiarebis ufleba a. am uflebiT sargeblobs is, visac sdevnian rasis, religiuri an politikuri Sexedulebebis gamo da, Sedegad, datova sa-kuTari qveyana. b. am uflebiT sargeblobis is, vinc sakuTari qveyana datova samoqalaqo omis an SimSilis gamo.g. qveyanas SeuZlia, ar gadmouSvas sakuTar sazRvarze im qveynis moqalaqeebi, romelic usafrTxo qveynad iTvleba.

devnilad aRiarebis uflebaswori pasuxia: ab araswori pasuxia. Tumca arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca sxva qveynis moqalaqeebs uSveben mezobel qveyanaSi, radgan isini gamoeqcnen samoqalaqo oms an SimSils. saer-TaSoriso konvenciebis mixedviT, aseTi ada-mianebi ar iTvlebian devnilebad. Jenevis konvenciebis mixedviT, g ar exeba devnilebs, magram aqtiurad gamoiyeneba evrokavSiris qveynebSi TavSesafris maZiebelTa sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas.

religiis Tavisuflebaa. ar SeiZleba religiis Tavisuflebis SezRudva maTTvis, vinc umciresobebs mie-kuTvnebian.b. avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs, aRiaron da daafinanson religiebi. g. ar SeiZleba SeizRudos saxelmwifos mxri-dan.

religiis Tavisuflebaswori pasuxia: asaxelmwifom pativi unda sces religiis Tavisuflebas, magram mas ar ekisreba iuridi-uli valdebuleba, cnos an daafinansos reli-gia. saxelmwifos SeuZlia, SezRudva daawesos religiaze im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is ewinaaRmde-geba adamianis fundamentur uflebebs.

sakuTrebis Tavisuflebaa. mTavrobas SeuZlia, CamoarTvas adamians sa-kuTreba, Tu es saxelmwifoebriv interesebs emsaxureba.b. sakuTrebis ufleba irRveva, Tu, hidro-eleq trosadguris aSenebis mizniT kompen-saciis gareSe xdeba mTeli soflis evakua-cia. g. saSualebas aZlevs adamians, moparuli saqoneli Tavis sakuTrebad CaTvalos.

sakuTrebis Tavisuflebaswori pasuxebia: a da bg arasworia.

arCevnebia. yvela moqalaqes aqvs arCevnebSi monawile-obis ufleba, maTac ki, visac dakarguli aqvs sxva samoqalaqo uflebebi kriminaluri saqmi-anobis gamo. b. Tu amomrCeveli amavdroulad aris dam-saqmebeli, mas aqvs ori xmis ufleba.g. xmis micema unda iyos faruli.

arCevnebiswori pasuxia: gsaxelmwifos SeuZlia, ar misces arCevnebSi monawireobis ufleba moqalaqeebs, romelT-ac dakarguli aqvT sxva samoqalaqo ufle-bebi. saerTaSoriso normebis mixedviT, yvela amomrCevels aqvs Tanabari uflebebi.

gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaa. SeiZleba SeizRudos qilikisagan dacvis mizniT. b. SeiZleba SeizRudos saxalxo moralis principebidan gamomdinare. g. SeiZleba SeizRudos religiuri Seuwynareblobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.

gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaswori pasuxebia: a da g. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos garkveul SemTxvevebSi, saxalxo moralis principebidan gamomdinare, danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis, an janmrTlobis dacvis mizniT, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es kanoniT aris gansazRvru-li.

muSaobis Tavisuflebaa. avaldebulebs saxelmwifos, daasaqmos yve-la moqalaqe.b. gulisxmobs imas, rom ar SeiZleba adamianis samsaxuridan daTxova safuZvlis gareSe.g. ar niSnavs imas, rom mTavrobam unda iz-runos srul dasaqmebaze.

muSaobis Tavisuflebaswori pasuxia: bevropuli qveynebi iReben moqalaqeTa dasaqmebaze zrunvis pasuxismgeblobas, ma-gram gaeros dokumentacia ar avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs, rom yvela moqalaqis dasaqme-ba uzrunvelyon.

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jansaRi garemos uflebaa. ukrZalavs saxelmwifos iseTi toqsikuri narCenebis ganTavsebas, romelic niadags an-adgurebs. b. am uflebis mizania adamianebis, cxoveleb-isa da mcenareebis dacva.g. jer ar aris aRiarebuli sayovelTao uflebad.

jansaRi garemos uflebaswori pasuxia: g. jandacvis ufleba icavs adamianebs gare-mos dabinZurebiT gamowveuli zaralisagan. Sesabamisad, mxolod adamianebi arian dacul-ni, da ara mcenareebi, an cxovelebi. afriku-li qartia da evrokavSiris qartia, romlebic ar aris sayovelTaod aRiarebuli, amkvidrebs jansaRi garemos uflebas.

ganaTlebis ufleba gulisxmobsa. dawyebiTi skolis mowavleebs ar unda gad-aaxdevinon swavlis safasuri. maT SeiZleba daekisroT mgzavrobis an saxelmZRvaneloe-bis safasuris gadaxda. b. saxelmwifos valdebulebaa, maqsimalurad daexmaros moswavleebs, rom swavlaSi war-matebebs miaRwion. g. saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos mos-wavleTaTvis Tanabari saganmanaTleblo SesaZleblobebi.

ganaTlebis ufleba gulisxmobsswori pasuxia: b da g. b da g Sesulia bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciaSi. wesiT, dawyebiTi ganaTleba ufaso unda iyos, rac unda gulisxmobdes ara mxolod swavlis safasuris ararsebobas, aramed saxelmwifos mier im sxva xarjebis dafarvasac, rac ara-pirdapir ukavSirdeba dawyebiTi ganaTlebis miRebas.

moswavleTa dasja skolaSia. fizikuri dasja ar aris nebadarTuli. b. dasja ar aris nebadarTuli, Tu is gone-briv sisastikes gulisxmobs. g. dasja mxolod maSinaa nebadarTuli, Tu arsebobs dasjaze mSoblis Tanxmoba.

moswavleTa dasja skolaSiswori pasuxia: a.adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo fizikur dasjas yovelTvis aRiarebs adami-anis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis darRve-vad. es midgoma emTxveva bavSvTa uflebebis komitetis mier bavSvTa uflebebis konvenci-is interpretacias. b arasworia, radgan ar aris nebadarTuli aranairi sastiki dasja. rac Seexeba g-s, ar arsebobs norma, romelic dasjis nebadarTulobas mSoblis Tanxmobas ukavSirebs.

skolaSia. dro ar unda daeTmos garemosdacviTi sakiTxebis ganxilvas.b. bavSvebs unda aswavlon mSoblebis pativis-cema. g. bavSvebs unda aswavlon adamianis uflebebi da maTi pativiscema.

skolaSi swori pasuxia: b da g. b da g ganisazRvreba bavSvTa uflebebis kon-venciiT. am konvenciis mixedviT, ganaTleba garemos dacvis principebs unda nergavdes.

samarTalwarmoebaa. yvela damnaSaves aqvs advokatis momsaxure-bis ufleba.b. mxolod maSin SeiZleba braldebis wayeneba, Tu adamianma aRiarebiTi Cveneba gaakeTa.g. eWvmitanils aqvs ufaso mTargmnelobiTi momsaxurebis ufleba, Tu samarTalwarmoeba aris misTvis ucxo enaze.

samarTalwarmoebaswori pasuxia: a da g

wamebaa. nebadarTulia, Tu teroristuli aqtis Tavidan acilebis mizniT xdeba.b. nebadarTulia mxolod sasamarTlos Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. g. arasodesaa nebadarTuli.

wamebaswori pasuxia: g.ar aris nebadarTuli, sagangebo situaciis drosac ki.

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cxovrebis uflebis darRvevaa. es ufleba irRveva maSin, Tu adamiani SemTxveviT iRupeba policiis mier sxva ada-mianis gadarCenis dros. b. es ufleba irRveva maSin, roca adamiani iRupeba omSi. g. es ufleba irRveva maSin, roca adamiani iRupeba policiis mier Zalis gadaWarbebuli gamoyenebis gamo.

cxovrebis uflebis darRvevaswori pasuxia: ga swori iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu policia gadaWarbebul Zalas gamoiyenebs.

sacxovreblis uflebaa. yvela saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos mo-qalaqeebi sacxovrebliT. b. ucxoelebs iseTive pirobebiT unda miscen socialuri sacxovrebeli, rogorc qveynis moqalaqeebs. g. saxelmwifo unda ecados, rom hyavdes, rac SeiZleba, cota usaxlkaro.

sacxovreblis ufleba swori pasuxia: b da g

jandacvis ufleba a. mTavroba ar aris valdebuli, Tavidan aici-los SromiTi ubeduri SemTxvevebi. b. jandacva unda iyos xelmisawvdomi yvela-saTvis. g. wamlebi unda iyos ufaso.

jandacvis ufleba swori pasuxia: bSromiTi ubeduri SemTxvevebis prevencia val-debulebaa. wamlebis gayidva nebadarTulia.

Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis ufleba a. adamians SeiZleba ar darTon neba, icxovros misTvis arCeul adgilas, Tu aseTi SezRudva sajaro usafrTxoebas ukavSirdeba. b. vizis argacema adamianze, romelsac ar aqvs danaSaulebrivi warsuli, warmoadgens adami-anis uflebaTa darRvevas. g. damnaSave SeiZleba daatyvevon.

Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis ufleba swori pasuxia: a da g. viza SeiZleba ver miiRos nebismierma adami-anma. adamians SeiZleba ar darTon neba, icx-ovros misTvis arCeul adgilas, Tu aseTi SezRudva sajaro usafrTxoebas, jandacvas an sazogadoebriv wesrigs ukavSirdeba da es kanoniTaa dadgenili.

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moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.1survilebi, saWiroebebi da uflebebi

survilebi saWiroebebi adamianis uflebebi

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moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.2adamianis uflebaTa nusxa

es aris is uflebebi, romlebic adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciiT, samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso konvenciiT, ekonomikuri, so-cialuri da kulturuli uflebebis saerTaSoriso konvenciiT, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT da evropis socialuri qartiiT aris daculi.

sicocxlis ufleba;1.

wamebisagan Tavisufleba;2.

monobisagan Tavisufleba;3.

Tavisuflebisa da usafrTxoebis ufleba;4.

miukerZoebeli gasamarTlebis ufleba;5.

uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, daxmarebis miRebis ufleba;6.

diskriminaciisagan Tavisufleba; Tanasworobis ufleba;7.

pirovnebad aRiarebis ufleba; erovnuli kuTvnilebis ufleba;8.

piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis ufleba;9.

qorwinebis ufleba;10.

sakuTrebis ufleba;11.

gadaadgilebis ufleba;12.

TavSesafris ufleba;13.

azrovnebis, cnobierebisa da religiuri Tavisufleba;14.

gamoxatvis Tavisufleba;15.

Sekrebisa da sxva adamianebTan gaerTianebis Tavisufleba;16.

sakvebis, sasmelisa da sacxovreblis ufleba;17.

jandacvis ufleba;18.

ganaTlebis ufleba;19.

dasaqmebis ufleba;20.

dasvenebisa da garTobis ufleba;21.

socialuri dacvis ufleba;22.

politikur procesebSi monawileobis ufleba;23.

kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba;24.

adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis akrZalva;25.

im socialuri wesrigis ufleba, sadac aRiarebulia adamianis uflebebi;26.

pirovnebis pasuxismgeblobebi.27.

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moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.3adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebi

adamianis uflebis darRvevaadamianis ufleba

ramdenime wlis win qalbatoni braunis qaliSvili da meuRle avtokatastrofaSi daiRupnen; mas ar SeuZlia daqorwindes sxva mamakacze, sanam misi mazli ar miscems oficialur Tanxmobas.

cixis mcvelebi patimrebs SesaSineblad ZaRlebiT emuqrebodnen. erTxel erT-erTma ZaRlma ukbina patimars.

adgilobriv sawarmoSi muSebs, Sesvenebis gareSe, dReSi 10 saaTi muSaoba uwevT.

daapatimres sami mamakaci; maTTan ar uSveben advokatebs.

qalbatons, romelsac aqvs iseTive samuSao gamocdileba, rogorc mamakacs, uniSnaven ufro dabal xelfass. isini erTi asakis arian da manamde erTnair samuSaos asrulebdnen.

X-ma moitaca da daakava Y sami dRiT. X-ma Y-s TavSi esrola, ramac gamoiwvia am ukanasknelis gardacvaleba sami dRis Semdeg.

narkotikuli saSualebebis momxmarebel qalbatons gadauRes foto maSin, roca is narkotikebis momxmarebelTa klinikidan ewereboda. mogvianebiT, es foto gamoqveynda.

qalbatons meuRle cudad eqceoda. qalbatonma mxolod maSin SeZlo Tavis meuRlesTan ganqorwineba, roca mas dauTmo Tavis saxli, manqana da mTeli qoneba. qalbatoni darCa yovelgvari qonebis gareSe.

adamians, romelsac sWirda filtvebis anTeba, saavadmyofoSi saTanado daxmareba ar aRmouCines, radgan igi qveyanaSi arakanonierad iyo Semosuli.

mosaxleobis 70%, romelic konkretul teritoriaze cxovrobda, gadaasaxles da dabrunebis ufleba aRar misces. xalxs karvebSi miuCines bina da ar aZlevdnen saSualebas, daemuSavebinaT miwa an mgzavrobisaTvis gamoeyenebinaT garkveuli gzebi.

Savkanianebs afrikaSi erTi boTli viskis fasad yidulobdnen da CrdiloeT amerikaSi 1200-1500 aSS dolarad yiddnen.

qveyanaSi yvela is saSualeba gaanadgures, rac am qveynis macxovrebelTa sasicocxlo wyaros warmoadgenda _ marcvleuli, wyali da saqoneli.

qveyanaSi moqalaqeebs bralis wayenebis gareSe aTavseben sapyrobileSi.

26 wlis Jurnalisti saarCevno kampaniis arasasurveli formiT gaSuqebis gamo mokles.

X gaiwvies samxedro samsaxurSi. man warmoadgina axsna-ganmarteba, romelSic daafiqsira, rom samxedro samsaxuri misTvis pirovnulad miuRebelia. aseTi axsna-ganmartebis miuxedavad, X-s daumorCileblobaSi dasdes brali da qveynis datoveba aukrZales.

qveyanaSi erT-erTi religiuri aRmsareblobis mimdevrebs ekZalebaT Sexvedra.

qalaqSi macxovrebelTa eTnikurma umravlesobam gadawyvita, rom eTnikuri umciresobebi, boSebi da ebraelebi, unda cxovrobdnen qalaqis specialurad gamoyofil ubnebSi.

sofelSi macxovrebel bavSvebs ar aqvT saSualeba, iaron dawyebiT skolaSi, radgan ar arsebobs skola, romelic maT sacxovrebelTan axlosaa.

114


X ver iyris kenWs saparlamento arCevnebSi, radgan sasuliero pirebi mis kandidaturas ar uWeren mxars.

imis gamo, rom X aris Savkaniani, mas ar iReben eqimis Tanamdebobaze adgilobriv saavadmyofoSi.

zog qveyanaSi socialurad daucvel mosaxleobas ar aqvs SesaZlebloba, miiRos monawileoba kvebis an TavSesafris uzrunvelyofis programebSi; aseve, moklebulia samedicino momsaxurebis miRebis SesaZleblobas.

batoni X-is saxli daiwva da mas ar SeuZlia, moiTxovos kompensacia.

47 wlis qalbatoni mTeli Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze diasaxlisi iyo da gazarda 5 Svili. axla, rodesac Tavis meuRlesTan unda ganqorwindes, is socialuri dacvis yovelgvari meqanizmis gareSe rCeba.

batoni X, ori Svilis mama, daapatimres imis gamo, rom leqsebs werda arsebuli reJimis winaaRmdeg. is qveynidan gaiqca da sxva qveyanaSi TavSesafars iTxovda. mas TavSesafari ar misces, miuxedavad imisa, rom X-is gancxadebiT, samSobloSi dabrunebis SemTxvevaSi, mas wameba elis.

savarZels mijaWvuli adamianebisTvis adgilobriv TeatrSi kulturul RonisZiebebze daswreba ar aris nebadarTuli.

imisaTvis, rom qveynis moqalaqeoba miiRo, aucilebelia, am qveyanaSi icxovro 15 weli, iyo gonebrivad da fizikurad janmrTeli (SemowmebiT unda iyos dadasturebuli) da gadaixado sakmaod maRali administraciuli gadasaxadi. Sesabamisad, aTasobiT boSa sakuTar qveyanaSi moqalaqeobas ver iRebs.


uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi

adamianis ufleba pirovnebis pasuxismgebloba skolis, uwyebis da a.S. pasuxismgebloba

115


moswavlis samuSao furceli 5.5adamianis uflebebis testi

17 wlamde asakis axalgazrdis muSaobaa. yovelTvis bavSvis uflebis darRvevaa.b. bavSvis uflebis darvevaa mxolod maSin, Tu samuSao aris mavne.g. dasaSvebia, Tu, qveynis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, minimaluri samuSao asaki 17 wels qvemoTaa.

17 wlamde asakis axalgazrdis muSaoba swori pasuxia g: bavSvTa uflebebis konven-cia krZalavs bavSvTa Sromas im SemTxvevebSi, Tu is mavnea, an gulisxmobs bavSvis dis-kriminacias. amasTanave, es konvencia saSu-alebas aZlevs saxelmwifos, Tavad daaregu-liros minimaluri samuSao asaki. muSaoba mimdinareobs bavSvTa Sromaze ufro mkacri SezRudvebis dawesebasTan dakavSirdebiT.

wylis uflebasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebia. mTavroba valdebulia, uzrunvelyos suf-Ta da jansaRi wylis miwodeba mosaxleo-bisaTvis.b. mTavrobas ar aqvs ufleba, ganaxorcielos moqalaqeTa diskriminacia wylis miwode-basTan dakavSirebiT. g. mTavrobas ar aqvs ufleba, SeuzRudos wylis miwodeba moqalaqeebs.

wylis uflebasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiswori pasuxebia: b da g. gaeros ekonomikuri da socialuri ufle-bebis komitetis interpretaciiT, a ar aris swori, b da g ki sworia.

sikvdiliT dasjaa. akrZalulia mTel msoflioSi.b. akrZalulia (kanonis da praqtikis mixed-viT) msoflios qveyanaTa 50 %-Si.g. ar aris dasaSvebi 18 wlamde asakis axal-gazrdebSi.

sikvdiliT dasjaswori pasuxebia: b da g. a ar aris swori. gaeros dokumentebi da ada-mianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia srul akrZalvas ar aweseben sikvdiliT dasjaze. Tumca maTi arasavaldebulo protokolebi garkveul SezRudvebs aweseben: protokoli 6 (mSvidobian periodSi sikvdiliT dasjis akrZalva) da protokoli 13 (sikvdiliT dasjis akrZalva yvela garemoebaSi). es do-kumentebi xelmowerili da ratificirebulia bevri qveynis mTavrobis mier.

ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebia. ar aris adamianis realuri uflebebi. b. mosalodneli ar aris, rom saxelmwifo daakmayofilebs yvela adamianis ekonomikur da socialur uflebebs.g. yvela evropels SeuZlia am uflebebis moTxovna.

ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebiswori pasuxia: boficialurad, ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebi adamianis uflebaTa ganuyofeli nawilia, Tumca maTi Sesrulebis valdeb-uleba gacilebiT sustia, vidre politikuri da samoqalaqo uflebebis. ekonomikuri, so-cialuri da kulturuli uflebebis saer-TaSoriso konvenciis mixedviT, saxelmwifo unda miiswrafodes am uflebebis dacvisaken, magram ar arsebobs am uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevaSi gasaCivrebis evropuli meqanizmi (garkveul garemoebebSi, arasavaldebulo protokoli saSualebas aZlevs organizaci-ebs, warmoadginon aseTi saCivrebi).

116


ganaTlebis uflebaa. adamianebsa da adamianTa jgufebs SeuZliaT, gaxsnan skola, Tu akmayofileben minimalur iuridiul moTxovnebs.b. ar arsebobs valdebulebebi saganmanaTle-blo programebis SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT.g. mTavrobam unda uzrunvelyos savalde-bulo ganaTlebis miwodeba 18 wlamde asakis axalgazrdebisaTvis.

ganaTlebis uflebaswori pasuxia: ab da g araswori pasuxebia. saerTaSoriso konvenciebis, magaliTad, bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis, mixedviT, ganaTlebis sistemam unda uzrunvelyos moswavleTa informireba adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb.

devnilad aRiarebis ufleba a. am uflebiT sargeblobis is, visac sdevnian rasis, religiuri an politikuri Sexedulebebis gamo da, Sedegad, datova sa-kuTari qveyana. b. am uflebiT sargeblobis is, vinc sakuTari qveyana datova samoqalaqo omis an SimSilis gamo.g. qveyanas SeuZlia, ar gadmouSvas sakuTar sazRvarze im qveynis moqalaqeebi, romelic usafrTxo qveynad iTvleba.

devnilad aRiarebis uflebaswori pasuxia: ab araswori pasuxia. Tumca arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca sxva qveynis moqalaqeebs uSveben mezobel qveyanaSi, radgan isini gamoeqcnen samoqalaqo oms an SimSils. saer-TaSoriso konvenciebis mixedviT, aseTi ada-mianebi ar iTvlebian devnilebad. Jenevis konvenciebis mixedviT, g ar exeba devnilebs, magram aqtiurad gamoiyeneba evrokavSiris qveynebSi TavSesafris maZiebelTa sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas.

religiis Tavisuflebaa. ar SeiZleba religiis Tavisuflebis SezRudva maTTvis, vinc umciresobebs mie-kuTvnebian.b. avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs, aRiaron da daafinanson religiebi. g. ar SeiZleba SeizRudos saxelmwifos mxri-dan.

religiis Tavisuflebaswori pasuxia: asaxelmwifom pativi unda sces religiis Tavisuflebas, magram mas ar ekisreba iurid-iuli valdebuleba, cnos an daafinansos re-ligia. saxelmwifos SeuZlia, SezRudva daawe-sos religiaze im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is ewinaaRm-degeba adamianis fundamentur uflebebs.

sakuTrebis Tavisuflebaa. mTavrobas SeuZlia, CamoarTvas adamians sa-kuTreba, Tu es saxelmwifoebriv interesebs emsaxureba.b. sakuTrebis ufleba irRveva, Tu, hidro-eleqtrosadguris aSenebis mizniT, kompen-saciis gareSe xdeba mTeli soflis evakua-cia. g. saSualebas aZlevs adamians, moparuli saqoneli Tavis sakuTrebad CaTvalos.

sakuTrebis Tavisuflebaswori pasuxebia: a da bg arasworia.

arCevnebia. yvela moqalaqes aqvs arCevnebSi monawile-obis ufleba, maTac ki, visac dakarguli aqvs sxva samoqalaqo uflebebi, kriminaluri saqmianobis gamo. b. Tu amomrCeveli amavdroulad aris dam-saqmebeli, mas aqvs ori xmis ufleba.g. xmis micema unda iyos faruli.

arCevnebiswori pasuxia: gsaxelmwifos SeuZlia, ar misces arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba moqalaqeebs, romelT-ac dakarguli aqvT sxva samoqalaqo ufle-bebi. saerTaSoriso normebis mixedviT, yvela amomrCevels aqvs Tanabari uflebebi.

gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaa. SeiZleba SeizRudos qilikisagan dacvis mizniT. b. SeiZleba SeizRudos saxalxo moralis principebidan gamomdinare. g. SeiZleba SeizRudos religiuri Seuwynareblobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.

gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaswori pasuxebia: a da g. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos garkveul SemTxvevebSi, saxalxo moralis principebidan gamomdinare, danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis, an janmrTlobis dacvis mizniT, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es kanoniT aris gansazRvru-li.

117


muSaobis Tavisuflebaa. avaldebulebs saxelmwifos, daasaqmos yve-la moqalaqe.b. gulisxmobs imas, rom ar SeiZleba adamianis samsaxuridan daTxova safuZvlis gareSe.g. ar niSnavs imas, rom mTavrobam unda iz-runos srul dasaqmebaze.

muSaobis Tavisuflebaswori pasuxia: bevropuli qveynebi iReben moqalaqeTa dasaqmebaze zrunvis pasuxismgeblobas, ma-gram gaeros dokumentacia ar avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs, rom yvela moqalaqis dasaqme-ba uzrunvelyon.

jansaRi garemos uflebaa. ukrZalavs saxelmwifos iseTi toqsikuri narCenebis ganTavsebas, romelic niadags an-adgurebs. b. am uflebis mizania adamianebis, cxoveleb-isa da mcenareebis dacva.g. jer ar aris aRiarebuli sayovelTao uflebad.

jansaRi garemos uflebaswori pasuxia: g. jandacvis ufleba icavs adamianebs gare-mos dabinZurebiT gamowveuli zaralisagan. Sesabamisad, mxolod adamianebi arian dacul-ni, da ara mcenareebi an cxovelebi. afrikuli qartia da evrokavSiris qartia, romlebic ar aris sayovelTaod aRiarebuli, amkvidrebs jansaRi garemos uflebas.

ganaTlebis ufleba gulisxmobsa. dawyebiTi skolis mowavleebs ar unda gad-aaxdevinon swavlis safasuri. maT, SeiZleba, daekisroT mgzavrobis an saxelmZRvaneloe-bis safasuris gadaxda. b. saxelmwifos valdebulebaa, maqsimalurad daexmaros moswavleebs, rom swavlaSi war-matebebs miaRwion. g. saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos mos-wavleTaTvis Tanabari saganmanaTleblo SesaZleblobebi.

ganaTlebis ufleba gulisxmobsswori pasuxia: b da g. b da g Sesulia bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciaSi. wesiT, dawyebiTi ganaTleba ufaso unda iyos, rac unda gulisxmobdes ara mxolod swavlis safasuris ararsebobas, aramed saxelmwifos mier im sxva xarjebis dafarvasac, rac ara-pirdapir ukavSirdeba dawyebiTi ganaTlebis miRebas.

moswavleTa dasja skolaSia. fizikuri dasja ar aris nebadarTuli. b. dasja ar aris nebadarTuli, Tu is gone-briv sisastikes gulisxmobs. g. dasja mxolod maSinaa nebadarTuli, Tu arsebobs dasjaze mSoblis Tanxmoba.

moswavleTa dasja skolaSiswori pasuxia: a.adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo fizikur dasjas yovelTvis aRiarebs adami-anis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis darRve-vad. es midgoma emTxveva bavSvTa uflebebis komitetis mier bavSvTa uflebebis konvenci-is interpretacias. b arasworia, radgan ar aris nebadarTuli aranairi sastiki dasja. rac Seexeba g-s, ar arsebobs norma, romelic dasjis nebadarTulobas mSoblis Tanxmobas ukavSirebs.

skolaSia. dro ar unda daeTmos garemosdacviTi sakiTxebis ganxilvas.b. bavSvebs unda aswavlon mSoblebis pativis-cema. g. bavSvebs unda aswavlon adamianis uflebebi da maTi pativiscema.

skolaSi swori pasuxia: b da g. b da g ganisazRvreba bavSvTa uflebebis kon-venciiT. am konvenciis mixedviT, ganaTleba garemos dacvis principebs unda nergavdes.

samarTalwarmoebaa. yvela damnaSaves aqvs advokatis momsaxure-bis ufleba.b. mxolod maSin SeiZleba braldebis wayeneba, Tu adamianma aRiarebiTi Cveneba gaakeTa.g. eWvmitanils aqvs ufaso mTargmnelobiTi momsaxurebis ufleba, Tu samarTalwarmoeba aris misTvis ucxo enaze.

samarTalwarmoebaswori pasuxia: a da g

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wamebaa. nebadarTulia, Tu teroristuli aqtis Tavidan acilebis mizniT xdeba.b. nebadarTulia mxolod sasamarTlos Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. g. arasodesaa nebadarTuli.

wamebaswori pasuxia: gar aris nebadarTuli, sagangebo situaciis drosac ki.

cxovrebis uflebis darRvevaa. es ufleba irRveva maSin, Tu adamiani SemTxveviT iRupeba, policiis mier sxva ada-mianis gadarCenis dros. b. es ufleba irRveva maSin, roca adamiani iRupeba omSi. g. es ufleba irRveva maSin, roca adamiani iRupeba policiis mier Zalis gadaWarbebuli gamoyenebis gamo.

cxovrebis uflebis darRvevaswori pasuxia: g.a swori iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu policia gadaWarbebul Zalas gamoiyenebs.

sacxovreblis uflebaa. yvela saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos mo-qalaqeebi sacxovrebliT. b. ucxoelebs iseTive pirobebiT unda miscen socialuri sacxovrebeli, rogorc qveynis moqalaqeebs. g. saxelmwifo unda ecados, rom hyavdes, rac SeiZleba, cota usaxlkaro.

sacxovreblis ufleba swori pasuxia: b da g

jandacvis ufleba a. mTavroba ar aris valdebuli, Tavidan aici-los SromiTi ubeduri SemTxvevebi. b. jandacva unda iyos xelmisawvdomi yvela-saTvis. g. wamlebi unda iyos ufaso.

jandacvis ufleba swori pasuxia: bSromiTi ubeduri SemTxvevebis prevencia val-debulebaa. wamlebis gayidva nebadarTulia.

Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis ufleba a. adamians SeiZleba ar darTon neba, icxovros misTvis arCeul adgilas, Tu aseTi SezRudva sajaro usafrTxoebas ukavSirdeba. b. vizis argacema adamianze, romelsac ar aqvs danaSaulebrivi warsuli, warmoadgens adami-anis uflebaTa darRvevas. g. damnaSave SeiZleba daatyvevon.

Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis ufleba swori pasuxia: a da g. viza SeiZleba ver miiRos nebismierma adami-anma. adamians SeiZleba ar darTon neba, icx-ovros misTvis arCeul adgilas, Tu aseTi SezRudva sajaro usafrTxoebas, jandacvas an sazogadoebriv wesrigs ukavSirdeba da es kanoniTaa dadgenili.


qvemoT warmodgenil cxrilSi mocemulia adamianis uflebebi, Sesabamisi muxleb-is miTiTebiT, Semdegi dokumentebidan: adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia; samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso konvencia; ekonomikur, social-ur da kulturul uflebaTa saerTaSoriso konvencia; adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia; evropis socialuri qartia (redaqtirebuli). mimoxilva emsaxureba sagan-manaTleblo miznebs.

119


adamianis uflebaTa

sayovelTao deklaracia

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia

evropis socialuri

qartia

samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa

saerTaSoriso konvencia

ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebaTa


sicocxlis 1. ufleba;

3 2 6

wamebisagan 2. Tavisufleba;

5 3 26 7,10

monobisagan 3. Tavisufleba;

4 4 8

Tavisuflebisa 4. da usafrTxoebis ufleba;

3 5 9

miukerZoebeli 5. gasamarTlebis ufleba;

10,11 6,7 14,15

uflebaTa 6. darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, daxmarebis miRebis ufleba;

8 13 D 2,9

diskriminaci-7. isagan Tavisuf-leba; Tanaswo-robis ufleba;

2,7 14 4,15,20, 27, E

3,26 3

pirovnebad 8. aRiarebis ufleba; erovnuli kuTvnilebis ufleba;

6,15 16, 24

piradi da 9. ojaxuri cxovrebis ufleba;

12 8 17

qorwinebis 10. ufleba;

16 12 23

sakuTrebis 11. ufleba;

17 15

gadaadgilebis 12. ufleba;

13 18 12

TavSesafris 13. ufleba;

14 18

azrovnebis, 14. cnobierebisa da religuri Tavisufleba;

18 9 18

120


adamianis uflebaTa

sayovelTao deklaracia

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia

evropis socialuri

qartia

samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa


ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebaTa


gamoxatvis 15. Tavisufleba;

19 10 28 19 8

Sekrebisa 16. da sxva adamianebTan gaerTianebis Tavisufleba;

20 11 5,28 21,22 8

sakvebis, 17. sasmelisa da sacxovrebilis ufleba;

25 30,31 11

jandacvis 18. ufleba;

25 11 7,12

ganaTlebis 19. ufleba;

26 10 13,14

dasaqmebis 20. ufleba;

23 1,2,3,4,24 6,7

dasvenebisa 21. da garTobis ufleba;

24 2 7

socialuri 22. dacvis ufleba;

22,25 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17,19, 23, 25

9,10

politikur 23. procesebSi monawileobis ufleba;

21 22 25

kulturul 24. cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba;

27 27 15

adamianis 25. uflebaTa darRvevis akrZalva;

30 17 5,20 5

im socialuri 26. wesrigis uf-le ba, sadac aRiarebulia adamianis uflebebi;

28 2 2

pirovnebis 27. pasuxismgeb-lobebi.

29

SeniSvna: evropuli socialuri qartiis zogi muxli ricxvebiTaa mocemuli, zogi ki asoebiT.

Tavi 6pasuxismgebloba

ra pasuxismgeblobebi gvakisria?

6.1 pasuxismgeblobebi ojaxSiwinaaRmdegobebi da gamosavlis Zieba

6.2 ratom unda emorCilebodnen adamianebi kanonebs?ra aris kanonmorCilebis ZiriTadi mizezebi?

6.3 es visi problemaa? rogor xdeba socialuri pasuxismgeblobebis ganawileba?

6.4 ratom iqceva adamiani aqtiur moqalaqed?ratom surT adamianebs sazogadoebis Secvla da rogor SeuZliaT amis miRweva?

122


Tavi 6. pasuxismgebloba


iuridiuli pasuxismgebloba

qveynis moqalaqeebs aqvT ufleba, icodnen, Tu ra aris maTi kanoniT gansazRvruli uflebebi da ganaxorcielon sakuTari valdebulebebi sxva adamianebisa da saxelmwi-fos mimarT. demokratiuli saxelmwifos moqalaqeTa uflebebi Semdegnairad SeiZleba Sejamdes: arCevnebSi monawileoba, gadasaxadebis gadaxda da kanonmorCileba.

uflebebi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli pasuxismgeblobebTan. magaliTad, sityvis Tavisufleba ukavSirdeba adamianis pasuxismgeblobas, rom ar dauSvas sxva adamianis sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudva. sagulisxmoa, rom adamianebi, romlebic danaSauls Cadian, ar kargaven im uflebebs, romlebic maT sxvebs waarTves (magaliTad, mkvle-lobis da diskriminaciis SemTxvevebi). aseve, adamianis valdebulebebi, magaliTad, valdebulebebi bavSvebis mimarT, ar aris yovelTvis ormxrivi.

moraluri pasuxismgebloba

demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis ganaTleba unda aviTarebdes adamianis mor-alur azrovnebas, rac daexmareba moqalaqes, kritikulad Seafasos sazogadoebaSi moqmedi kanonebi da socialuri struqturebi, imsjelos imaze, Tu ramdenad samar-Tliania isini. Sesabamisad, roca moswavleebs qveyanaSi moqmed kanonebs vacnobT, aucilebelia, davexmaroT imis gaazrebaSi, rom kritikulad Seafason es kanonebi da ifiqron maT SesaZlo cvlilebebze.

pasuxismgeblobis swavleba

maswavlebeli unda daexmaros moswavleebs sxva adamianebis saWiroebebisa da uflebebis gaazrebaSi. amis gakeTeba SeiZleba im mizezebze dakvirvebiT, romlebic adamianebis prosocialur qcevas iwvevs iseve, rogorc sxva adamianebis saWiroebebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT. maswavlebelma, aseve, unda uzrunvelyos moswavleebisaT-vis sxvadasxva tipis pasuxismgeblobis demonstrireba.

imisaTvis, rom moswavle iqces pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis mqone moqalaqed, aucilebelia, swavlis rogorc Teoriuli, aseve praqtikuli komponentis gavla. Sesabamisad, skola, sadac demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis swavlebas saTanado yuradReba eqceva, waaxalisebs moswavleebs, rom aqtiurad CaerTon skolis, Temis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.

es Tavi daexmareba moswavleebs:

_ gaecnon moqalaqeTa sxvadasxva pasuxismgeblobas;

_ gaiazron moqalaqeTa iuridiuli pasuxismgeblobebis arsi;

_ gaiazron, rom sazogadoebaSi xdeba socialuri pasuxismgeblobebis gaziareba;

_ ifiqron imaze, Tu ratom SeiZleba aiRos adamianma pasuxismgebloba socialur cvli-

lebebze.

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gakveTili 1: pasuxismge-blobebi ojaxSi

moqalaqeTa sxvadasxva pa-suxismgeblobis gacnoba.

imis gaazreba, rom pasux-ismgeblobebi, SesaZloa, erTma-neTs ewinaaRmde-gebodes.

moswavleebi axdenen mor-aluri dilemis analizs.

moswavleebi ganixilaven analizis alternatiul variantebs.

moswavleebi individua-lur mosazrebebs gamoTq-vamen.

`milani irCevs~ _ moTxrobis aslebi.

furclebi werilobiTi davalebebi-saTvis.

individu-aluri da mcire jgufebSi dis-kusiebi. saer-To diskusia. individu-aluri weriTi davaleba.

gakveTili 2: ratom unda emorCile-bodnen adamianebi kanonebs?

im moraluri miz-ezebis dadgena, romelic sa-fuZvlad udevs konfliqturi pasuxismgeblobe-bis Sesaxeb gadaw-yvetilebebs.

moswavleebi axdenen mor-aluri dilemis analizs.

moswavleebi kritikulad ganixilaven kanonmor-Cilebis mizezebs.

moswavleebi msjeloben situaciebze, roca ada-mianis moraluri valde-buleba SeiZleba ufro mniSvnelovani iyos, vidre iuridiuli pasuxismge-bloba.

`Smitis dile-ma~ _ moTxro-bis aslebi.

furclebi werilobiTi davalebebi-saTvis.

dafa.

moraluri dilemis saer-To analizi. analizi, romelsac maswavlebeli warmarTavs. moTxrobis wera. saerTo diskusia.

gakveTili 3: es visi prob-lemaa?

moqalaqeTa iu-ridiuli pasux-ismgeblobebis arsis gaazreba.

moralur da iuridiul pa-suxismgeblobebs Soris gansxvave-bebis gaazreba.

moswavleebi ganixilaven socialur problemebze pasuxismgeblobis sakiTx-ebs.

moswavleebi avseben az-rovnebis CarCos.

moswavleebi amzadeben werilobiT pasuxebs, konkretul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.

`werili~ _ moTxrobis aslebi.

dafa.

qaRaldebi mo-swavleTa in-dividualuri muSaobisaTvis.

struqturi-rebuli kri-tikuli ana-lizi. analizi da diskusiebi mcire zomis jgufebSi. molapar-akebebi da SeTanxmebis miRweva. individu-aluri weriTi davaleba.

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gakveTili 4: ratom iqceva adamiani aqtiur mo-qalaqed?

imis gaazreba, rom sazogadoe-baSi socialuri pasuxismgeblobis ganawileba xdeba.

im mizezebis gaazreba, ris gamoc adamianebi iReben pasux-ismgeblobas sxvaTa tanjvaze.

samoqalaqo sa-zogadoebaSi arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa funqciebis gaaz-reba.

moswavleebi muSaoben moTxrobis nawilebis dakavSirebaze.

moswavleebi gamoxataven varaudebs socialuri motivaciis gamomwvev miz-ezebze.

moswavleebi muSaoben arasamTavrobo organiza-ciebis funqciebis gaaz-rebaze.

moswavleebi jgufebSi ikvleven arasamTavrobo organizaciis, an social-uri kampaniis avtoris saqmianobas.

moswavleebi jgufuri muSaobis Sedegebs war-moadgenen.

moswavlis samuSao fur-cel 6.4-is aslebi, rom-lebic ukve gamoWrilia.

kvlevisaT-vis saWiro resursebi.

prezentaci-isaTvis saWiro masala _ didi zomis fur-clebi, feradi kalmebi.

jgufuri muSaoba. mo-laparakeba. moraluri azrovneba. kritikuli Sefaseba. kvleva. jgufuri prezentacia.

gakveTili 1pasuxismgeblobebi ojaxSiwinaaRmdegobebi da gamosavlis gzebis Zieba

swavlis mizani _ moqalaqeTa sxvadasxva pasuxismgeblobis gacnoba.imis gaazreba, rom pasuxismgeblobebi, SesaZloa, erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegebodes. im moraluri mizezebis dadgena, romelic safuZvlad udevs konfliqturi pasuxismgeblobebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebs.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi axdenen moraluri dilemis analizs. moswavleebi ganixilaven analizis alternatiul variantebs. moswavleebi gamoTqvamen individualur mosazrebebs.

saWiro masala _ `milani irCevs~ _ moTxrobis aslebi.furclebi werilobiTi davalebebisaTvis.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ mcire jgufebSi diskusiebi. saerTo diskusia. individualuri weriTi davaleba.

ZiriTadi cnebebi

pasuxismgebloba: is, risi gakeTebis valdebulebac gaaCnia adamians. pasuxismgebloba

SeiZleba iyos iuridiuli, moraluri, socialuri.

moraluri konfliqti: winaaRmdegobrioba, romelic Tavs iCens maSin, roca adamians

ver gadauwyvetia, rogor moiqces.

samoqalaqo pasuxismgebloba: adamianis valdebulebebi sxva adamianebis winaSe. Temis

wevrobas Tan axlavs uflebebi, iseve rogorc pasuxismgeblobebi.

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gakveTili

maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, rom yvela adamians aqvs pasuxismgeblobebi; problemebi Tavs iCens maSin, roca adamiani garkveul pasuxismgeblobas sxva pasux-ismgeblobebze maRla ayenebs. arCevanis gakeTeba xSirad rTulia. maswavlebeli mo-swavleebs ukiTxavs moTxrobas `milani irCevs~ da sTxovs maT, dafiqrdnen Semdeg sakiTxebze. saboloo pasuxebis warmodgenamde, moswavleebs SeuZliaT, wyvilebSi im-uSaon.

ra weria moTxrobaSi milanis pasuxismgeblobebze? ramden sxvadasxva saxis 1. pasuxismgeblobas xedavT am moTxrobaSi (pasuxismgebloba sakuTari Tavis wi-naSe, ojaxis winaSe, skolis winaSe, adgilobrivi Temisa da msoflios winaSe)?

rogor fiqrobT, ra gza unda airCios milanma? yvela Tanxmdeba klasSi, Tu 2. aris gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi?

ramdenad rTuli dilemis winaSe dgas milani? ra arTulebs situacias?3.

ra pasuxismgeblobebi aqvs milanis mamas, moTxrobis mixedviT?4.

Tqveni azriT, marTalia milanis mama, rodesac Svils saxlSi darCenas 5. sTxovs?

ramdenad gauWirdeboda milans, daumorCilebloba gamoecxadebina mamisaTvis? 6. ramdenad seriozul Sedegebs gamoiwvevda aseTi daumorCileblobis gamocxa-deba? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.

weriTi davaleba

dawereT is, rac, Tqveni azriT, milanma mamas dauwera. SeadareT Tqveni versia Tqveni Tanaklaselebis versiebs. moswavleebi sakuTar mosazrebebs uziareben dan-arCen klass.

ganzogadeba

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, Camoayalibon pasuxismgeblobis sxvadasxva forma, romlebic adamianebs sakuTari Tavis, ojaxis, Temis, qveynis da kacobriobis winaSe ekisrebaT.

moswavleebi jgufebSi muSaoben. maT SeuZliaT, daxazon cxrili da Seavson is sakuTari mosazrebebiT, adamianis pasuxismgeblobebis Sesaxeb. Semdeg moswavleebi erTad ganixilaven adamianis pasuxismgeblobebs sxva adamianebis winaSe.

individualuri mosazrebebi

maswavlebeli awvdis moswavleebs Semdeg informacias: àm moTxrobaSi milanis pasuxismgeblobebi erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba. moifiqreT magaliTebi, romlebic ada-mianis pasuxismgeblobebis winaaRmdegobriobas adastureben. CamoayalibeT mosazre-bebi aseTi problemuri situaciebis gadaWris gzebTan dakavSirebiT~.

Tu moswavleebs uWirT am savarjiSos Sesruleba, maswavlebelma unda miawodos maT cxovrebiseuli, moswavleebisaTvis cnobili magaliTebi.

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gakveTili 2ratom unda emorCilebodnen adamianebi kanonebs?ra aris kanonmorCilebis ZiriTadi mizezebi?

swavlis mizani _ adamianis iuridiuli pasuxismgeblobebis arsis gaazreba. iuridiul da moralur valdebulebebs Soris gansxvavebebze msjeloba.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi axdenen moraluri dilemis analizs. moswavleebi kritikulad ganixilaven kanonmorCilebis mizezebs. moswavleebi msjeloben situaciebze, roca adamianis moraluri valdebuleba SeiZleba iyos ufro mniSvnelovani, vidre iuridiuli pasuxismgebloba.

saWiro masala _ `Smitis dilema~ _ moTxrobis aslebi.furclebi werilobiTi davalebebisaTvis.dafa.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ moraluri dilemis saerTo analizi. analizi, romelsac maswavlebeli warmarTavs. ambis wera. saerTo diskusia.

gakveTili

maswavlebels gakveTilze Semoaqvs moTxroba `Smitis dilema~; igi moswavleebs sTxovs, jgufebSi imuSaon da ganixilon, ramdenad marTebuli iqneba, rom Smitma fuli moiparos. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, maswavlebeli dafaze sxvadasxva mosaz-rebas wers.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, SearCion is midgoma, romelsac isini eTanxme-bian da sakuTari mosazrebebi werilobiTi formiT moamzadon.

_ Smitma unda moiparos fuli, radgan...

_ Smitma ar unda moiparos fuli, radgan...

Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleTa mosazrebebs dafaze wers, magaliTad:`man unda moiparos fuli, radgan misi qaliSvilis sicocxle ufro mniSvnelova-

nia, vidre kanoni qurdobis akrZalvis Sesaxeb~;`man ar unda moiparos fuli, radgan is SeiZleba daiWiron~;`man ar unda moiparos fuli, radgan ar SeiZleba kanonis darRveva~.klasSi xdeba sxvadasxva argumentis ganxilva. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs,

daasrulon Semdegi winadadeba:

ZiriTadi cnebebi

kanoni: mTavrobis mier dadgenili regulacia.

kanonis uzenaesoba: demokratiuli qveynis mTavroba emorCileba qveynis kanon-mdeblobiT gansazRvrul normebs. mmarTvelobis cvlileba xdeba konstituciiT gansazRvruli wesebis mixedviT, da ara Zaladobis, an omis saSualebiT. mosax-leobas akisria kanonmorCilebis pasuxismgebloba.

iuridiuli valdebuleba: pasuxismgebloba, romelsac kanoni akisrebs mo-qalaqeebs.

moraluri pasuxismgebloba: adamianis valdebuleba, romelsac is piradi Sexedulebebis mixedviT iRebs sakuTar Tavze.

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`kanonis darRveva arasworia, radgan...~moswavleebma unda daasaxelon, rac SeiZleba, meti mizezi imisa, Tu ratom ar

unda dairRves kanoni. rogorc wesi, am SekiTxvaze pasuxebi aris xolme Semdegi:`kanonis darRveva arasworia, radgan:

_ SeiZleba dagiWiron da dagsajon;

_ kanoni adamians icavs zianisagan da sxva adamianebisaTvis zianis miyeneba aras-woria;

_ yvela adamiani moiqceoda ise, rogorc surs, rom ar akavebdeT maT kanonebi;

_ kanonis darRveva anadgurebs ndobas adamianebs Soris;

_ sazogadoebas arsebobisaTvis esaWiroeba kanonebi; kanonebis gareSe iqneboda qaosi;

_ kanonis damrRvevi, amavdroulad, arRvevs adamianis iseT uflebebs, rogore-bicaa sicocxlisa da sakuTrebis uflebebi~.

maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, rom arsebobs araerTi mizezi, ris gamoc adami-anebi kanonebs unda emorCilebodnen. am mizezTa nawili ukavSirdeba Tavad pirovne-bis interesebs, nawili _ sxva adamianebis, an sazogadoebis interesebs (ix. SeniSvna qvemoT).

am cnebis sailustraciod, maswavlebels SeuZlia, sami erTmaneTSi Caxazuli wre dafaze gamosaxos, saxelwodebebiT `me~, `sxvebi~, `sazogadoeba~.

maswavlebeli imasac agebinebs moswavleebs, rom mxolod kanonmorCileba ar aris niSani imisa, rom adamiani kargi moqalaqea. bevri araswori saqcieli CaudeniaT adamianebs imis mtkicebiT, rom isini `kanons emorCilebian~. meore mxriv, rogorc moTxrobidanac ikveTeba, kargi adamiani xandaxan fiqrobs kanonis darRvevaze maRal-moraluri mizezebis gamo.

moraluri da iuridiuli pasuxismgeblobebis winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTis sa-Tanado wvdomis mizniT, maswavlebels SeuZlia, moswavleebs sTxovos, werilobiT moamzadon ambebi adamianebze, romlebic, moraluri pasuxismgeblobis gamo, kanonis darRvevaze fiqroben. magaliTad, adamiani, sagangebo mdgomareobis dros, aWarbebs normiT daSvebul siCqares, an ar asrulebs kanons, romelic arasamarTliania.

Semdeg ramdenime moswavle xmamaRla kiTxulobs sakuTar magaliTs. maswavlebeli xazs usvams gansxvavebas moralur da iuridiul pasuxismgeblobebs Soris; pirvels adamiani Tavad kisrulobs, xolo meoris morCilebas mas mTavroba avaldebulebs. am ori tipis pasuxismgeblobis Widils mivyavarT moqalaqeTa mxridan arsebuli kanon-ebis kritikamde. adamianebi swored aseTi winaaRmdegobriobis gamo gamodian xolme kanonis Secvlis moTxovniT. moqalaqeebi, moraluri mizezebidan gamomdinare, zog SemTxvevaSi kanonis darRvevis gadawyvetilebas iReben. araerTi istoriuli magali-Ti cxadyofs, rom adamianebi kanons arRvevdnen, raTa protesti gamoexataT tirani mmarTvelebis winaaRmdeg. maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda mouyvenos aseTi pro-testis magaliTebi qveynis istoriidan. maswavlebelma xazi unda gausvas imas, rom kanonis darRvevis SemTxvevas zedapirulad verasodes mivudgebiT, radgan kanonis darRveva safrTxes uqmnis kanonis uzenaesobas, rac demokratiuli sazogadoebis qvakuTxedia.

SeniSvna

am gakveTilSi warmodgenili moraluri dilema `haincis dilemis~ (1950-iani wle-bi) msgavsia, romlis avtoria amerikeli fsiqologi lorens kolbergi. es iyo erT-erTi, im dilemaTagan, romelic kolbergma da misma kolegebma 10-dan 25 wlamde axalgazrdebisaTvis Seqmnes. rogorc maT aRmoaCines, axalgazrdebi sakuTar me-ze

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orientirebuli midgomidan sazogadoebaze orientirebuli midgomisaken viTarde-bian. dilemis konteqsti, ra Tqma unda, gansazRvravs imas, Tu romel midgomas iyen-eben axalgazrdebi. patara bavSvebisaTvis wesebi da kanonebi yovelgvar moqnilobasaa moklebuli da aRiqmeba, rogorc uzenaesi valdebulebebi. mogvianebiT, gardamaval asakSi, axalgazrdebi TandaTan ukeT iazreben, rom kanonebs socialuri datvirTva aqvT, SeiZleba maTi kritikuli ganxilvac, Tu iTvleba, rom moralurad araswori, an arasamarTliania.

gakveTili 3es visi problemaa? rogor xdeba socialuri pasuxismgeblobebis ganawileba?

swavlis mizani _ moqalaqeTa iuridiuli pasuxismgeblobebis arsis gaazreba.moralur da iuridiul pasuxismgeblobebs Soris gansxvavebebis gaazreba.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi ganixilaven socialur problemebze pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebs. moswavleebi avseben azrovnebis CarCos. moswavleebi amzadeben werilobiT pasuxebs konkretul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.

saWiro masala _ `werili~ _ moTxrobis aslebi. dafa. qaRaldebi moswavleTa individualuri muSaobisaTvis.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ struqturirebuli kritikuli analizi. analizi da diskusiebi mcire zomis jgufebSi. molaparakebebi da SeTanxmebis miRweva. individualuri weriTi davaleba.

gakveTili

maswavlebeli moswavleebs warmoudgens mis mier SeTxzul werils, romlis msgav-sic adgilobriv gazeTSi SeiZleba gamoqveynebuliyo. am werilSi dafiqsirebulia adgilobriv macxovrebelTa ori socialuri problema. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswav-leebs: a. moaxdinon am ori problemis identifikacia; b. moifiqron, Tu vin iqneba am problemebis gadaWraze pasuxismgebeli. moswavleebis dasaxmareblad, maswavlebeli aseT azrovnebis CarCos xatavs dafaze:

ZiriTadi cnebebi

socialuri problema: Temis yvela, an ramdenime wevris problema, romelze pasux-

ismgeblobasac Temi iziarebs. problemis gadaWraze pasuxismgebloba Tanabrad ar nawil-

deba Temis yvela wevrs Soris.

pasuxismgeblobis xarisxi: konkretul problemasTan dakavSirebuli pasuxismgeblobis

moculoba, romelic adamians ekisreba.

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jgufuri muSaoba

nabiji 1

dayaviT klasi 3-4 moswavlisagan Semdgar jgufebad. imdeni qula mieciT TiToeul jgufs, ramdeni mxarecaa am problemis gadaWraSi CarTuli.

nabiji 2

jgufSi Semavali yvela moswavle ise anawilebs qulebs, rom gamoxatos saku-Tari damokidebuleba pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, bavSvebs da ZaRlebs, SesaZloa, ar ergoT qula, Tu moswavle gadawyvets, rom ukontrolo ZaRlebze maT pasuxismgebloba ar ekisrebaT.

nabiji 3

Semdeg moswavleebi jgufis sxva wevrebs uziareben sakuTar Sexedulebebs da mohyavT saTanado mizezebi. moswavleebi msjeloben da gamoyavT saSualo qula TiToeuli mxarisaTvis. saboloo Sedegebi gamoxatavs jgufis pozicias pasuxismge-blobis gadanawilebis Sesaxeb.

maswavlebeli klasSi ganixilavs sxvadasxva jgufis mosazrebebs, exmareba mos-wavleebs, CauRrmavdnen da gaiazron erTmaneTis Sexedulebebi pasuxismgeblobasTan dakavSirebiT.

Tu gaqvT dro, gaimeoreT savarjiSo danagvianebis magaliTzec. maswavleb-els SeuZlia, magaliTi Caanacvlos moswavleebisaTvis ufro nacnobi problemuri TemiT.

SeniSvna

am gakveTilze ganxiluli magaliTebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT moswavleebTan, rom-lebic jer gawafulni ar arian politikuri problemebis ganxilvaSi. magaliTebi amitomacaa konkretuli, cxadi da advilad gasagebi (Tumca, rTulad gadasaWreli). ufro gamocdil klasebSi, SeiZleba, ufro kompleqsuri problemebi SevitanoT, magaliTad, rasizmTan, an umuSevrobasTan dakavSirebiT. azrovnebis CarCo problemis sirTules ar ukavSirdeba da, Sesabamisad, ar Seicvleba.

problema: ZaRlebipolitikosebi

ZaRlebis mepatroneebi ZaRlebi

bavSvebi

sxvebi?

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nabiji 4: diskusia, romelic am savarjiSos SeiZleba mohyves

saerTo diskusiaze maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, ganixilon, Tu ramdenad iReben adamianebi pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar saqcielze. Tu moswavleebi Tvlian, rom adamianebi, rogorc wesi, sakuTar saqcielze pasuxismgeblobas ar iReben, maT unda imsjelon imaze, Tu rogor SeiZleba am kuTxiT mdgomareobis gamosworeba. ganaTle-baze xom ar unda gakeTdes aqcenti? aucilebelia kanonmdeblobis Secvla da mkacri sasjelis zomebis daweseba? Tu adgilobrivma an centralurma mTavrobam unda ai-Ros sakuTar Tavze garkveul problemebze pasuxismgebloba, ra dajdeba es da saidan wamova Tanxebi? maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, ifiqron axalgazrdebis rolze aseTi problemebis mogvarebaSi; maTac unda daekisroT pasuxismgebloba? axalgaz-rdebma Temis mTeli problemebi zrdasrulebs unda dautovon gadasaWrelad? es SekiTxvebi maswavlebelma SeiZleba weriTi davalebisaTvis gamoiyenos.

maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania, rom adgilobri-vi da centraluri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi icnobdnen xalxis problemebs. politika xom saerTo problemebis gadaWris gzebis erToblivi Ziebaa. es ar niSnavs imas, rom mTavrobas yvela problemis gadaWra SeuZlia. bevri problemis Tavidan arideba iqneboda SesaZlebeli, adamianebi meti pasuxismgeblobiT rom udgebodnen sakuTar qmedebebs.

gakveTili 4ratom iqceva adamiani aqtiur moqalaqed?ratom surT adamianebs sazogadoebis Secvla da rogor SeuZliaT amis miRweva?

swavlis mizani _ imis gaazreba, rom sazogadoebaSi xdeba socialuri pasuxismgeblobis ganawileba.im mizezebis gaazreba, ris gamoc adamianebi sxvaTa tanjvaze iReben pasuxismgeblobas. arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa funqciebis gaazreba samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi muSaoben moTxrobis nawilebis dakavSirebaze.moswavleebi gamoxataven varaudebs socialuri motivaciis gamomwvev mizezebze. moswavleebi muSaoben arasamTavrobo organizaciebis funqciebis gaazrebaze. moswavleebi jgufebSi ikvleven arasamTavrobo organizaciis an socialuri kampaniis avtoris saqmianobas. moswavleebi jgufuri muSaobis Sedegebs warmoadgenen.

saWiro masala _ moswavlis samuSao furcel 6.4-is aslebi, romlebic ukve gamoWrilia. kvlevisaTvis saWiro resursebi. prezentaciisaTvis saWiro masala _ didi zomis furclebi, feradi kalmebi.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ jgufuri muSaoba. molaparakeba. moraluri azrovneba. kritikuli Sefaseba. kvleva. jgufuri prezentacia.

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gakveTili

maswavlebeli moswavleebs xuTkacian jgufebad hyofs da urigebs maT samuSao furclebs elena santiCis cxovrebis Sesaxeb informaciiT (moswavlis samuSao fur-celi 6.4). moTxroba unda iyos daWrili nawilebad. maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, jgufSi, SemTxveviTobis principiT, gainawilon moTxrobis nawilebi. jgu-fis TiToeuli wevri Tavis nawilze datanil informacias jgufis danarCen wevrebs ukiTxavs. Semdeg moswavleebi moTxrobis nawilebs logikuri Tanmimdevrobis mixed-viT awyoben.

maswavlebeli moswavleTa jgufebs SekiTxvaTa nusxas warmoudgens da sTxovs maT, jgufurad ganixilon pasuxebi am SekiTxvebze. maswavlebeli moswavleebs afrTx-ilebs, rom bunebrivi iqneba, Tu moswavleTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaoba iCens Tavs da eubneba maT, rom saukeTeso pasuxebi swored azrTa Widilis Sedegad miiRweva. moswavleebma sakuTari pasuxebi furcelze unda CainiSnon.

SekiTxvebi

_ ratom CaerTo elena santiCi jguf 484-is muSaobaSi?

_ im informaciis mixedviT, rac elena santiCze mogepovebaT, rogor aRwerdiT am pirovnebas?

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom ar dautoves elena santiCma da jguf 484-ma Sesasrulebeli saqme mTavrobas?

_ ra saWiroebebis dakmayofilebaze muSaobda jgufi 484?

_ rogori sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas apirebdnen elena santiCi da jgufi 484?

_ Tqveni azriT, ramdenad mniSvnelovania jguf 484-is msgavsi arasamTavrobo or-

ZiriTadi cnebebi

socialuri qmedeba: moqalaqis an Temis wevris qmedeba socialuri problemis gada-

saWrelad.

moqalaqe: adamiani, romelsac iuridiulad aqvs miniWebuli eris wevroba (moqalaqeo-

ba). moqalaqeobas Tan axlavs uflebebi da pasuxisgeblobebi, Tumca sxvadasxva adamiani

gansxvavebul pasuxismgeblobas grZnobs sakuTari Temis winaSe.

aqtiuri moqalaqe: adamiani, romelic sajaro qmedebebs mimarTavs socialuri da Temis

problemebis gadasaWrelad.

arasamTavrobo organizacia: organizacia, romelsac ayalibeben da marTaven moqalaqeebi

socialuri problemebis mosagvareblad. arasamTavrobo organizacia aris sajaro, da ara

saidumlo; is sazogadoebis struqturis farglebSi moqmedebs. arasamTavrobo organiza-

ciebi xSirad exmaurebian sakiTxebs, romlebic mTavrobis mier adamianis uflebebis dacvasa

da aRiarebas ukavSirdeba. arasamTavrobo organizacia SeiZleba mTavrobis mxardamWeri, an

opoziciis ideebis gamtarebeli iyos. demokratiuli qveynebis kanonmdebloba arasamTav-

robo organizaciebis arsebobis saSualebas iZleva, cnobs maT uflebebs da icavs maT.

samoqalaqo sazogadoeba: adamianebi da organizaciebi, romlebic ar miekuTvnebian qveynis

mTavrobas da axorcieleben socialur qmedebas, moixseniebian samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

saxeliT. samoqalaqo sazogadoeba moqalaqisa da mTavrobis erT-erTi makavSirebelia.

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ganizaciebis arseboba sazogadoebisaTvis? risi miRweva SeuZliaT maT? imsje-leT maT rolze, mTavrobis saqmianobis mimarT da xalxis saWiroebebis dakmay-ofilebis kuTxiT.

_ dafiqrdiT Tqvens sazogadoebaze. Tqveni azriT, aqtiuri moqalaqeebisa da/an arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier pasuxismgeblobis aReba sazogadoebis romeli saWiroeb(eb)is dakmayofilebisTvis iqneboda saWiro?

magaliTisaTvis, maswavlebeli moswavleebs ukiTxavs amonarids saerTaSoriso an-gariSidan, romelic bosniasa da hercogovinaSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis 2003 wlis muSaobas ukavSirdeba:

àrasamTavrobo organizaciebi agrZeleben pozitiuri wvlilis Setanas bosniasa da hercigovinaSi, demokratiisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis kuTxiT. [...] Zveli da axali saregistracio wesebis mixedviT, bosniasa da hercogovinaSi fun-qcionirebs 7874 arasamTavrobo organizacia.[...]

arasamTavrobo seqtorma daamtkica, rom mas SeuZlia msxvilmasStabiani saja-ro kampaniebis warmarTva genderuli Tanasworobis, garemos dacvis, umciresobaTa uflebebisa da sxva sakiTxebze. bevri arasamTavrobo organizacia axorcielebs jan-dacvis, socialuri keTildReobis, reabilitaciis, adamianis uflebebis, garemosa da umciresobaTa dacvis proeqtebs.”25

am citatas maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad ganixlavs. pirvel rigSi, moswav-leebma unda daadginon, ramdenad exeba citataSi moyvanili sferoebi maT qveyanas. Semdeg, maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, imsjelon sxvadasxva proeqtze, romlis ganxorcielebac SesaZlebeli iqneboda zemoxsenebul sferoebSi.

SekiTxvebi

es Tavi prezentaciebiT sruldeba. TiToeuli jgufi irCevs erT-erT Temas da am Temaze amzadebs prezentacias. Tu SesaZlebelia, moswavleebma SeiZleba Seiswavlon ramdenime aqtiuri moqalaqis cxovreba TavianT qveyanaSi da maTi istoriebic CarTon prezentaciaSi. moswavleebma prezentaciaSi iseT saerTaSoriso figurebzec SeiZleba gaamaxvilon yuradReba, rogorebic arian deda tereza da nelson mandela.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 6.1milani irCevs

milani mzad iyo skolaSi wasasvlelad, roca mamamisi samzareuloSi Semovida. `milan, Zalian mWirdeba Seni daxmareba yanaSi. gTxov, ar waxvide dRes

skolaSi. Tu mosavals droze ar aviRebT, gafuWdeba~.milans amis gagoneba ar esiamovna.

`mamiko, aucileblad unda wavide skolaSi. dRes imarTeba saskolo sab-Wos pirveli Sexvedra da am sabWoSi me me-8 klaselTa warmomadgenlad var arCeuli.~

`magram Sen ar xar me-8 klaselTa erTaderTi warmomadgeneli am sabWoSi, ara? sxva vinmec iqneba da is warmoadgens me-8 klaselebs.~

`marTali xar, magram me Cemi amomrCevlis imedebi ar unda gavacruo.

25 wyaro: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID) angariSi `2003 wlis aras-amTavrobo organizaciaTa mdgradoba, evropa da evrazia”, gv. 42 da 43; www.usaid.gov/locations/europe_eurasia/dem_gov/ngoindex/2003/bosnia.pdf

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aseve, dRes gvaqvs mecnierebis gakveTili. ar minda am gakveTilis gacdena. Tu universitetSi swavlis gagrZelebas gadavwyvet, mecnierebaSi gamocdis Cabareba momiwevs.~milanis mamam ukmakofilod Caiburtyuna: ùniversitetze laparakob da ojaxi

ar ganaRvlebs. Seni daxmareba saxlSi gvWirdeba. ras mogvitans Seni universitet-Si Cabareba? universitets rom daasruleb, mere ki namdvilad aRar gagaxsendeba ojaxi.~

`mama, Sen unda gixarodes, rom, sxva biWebisagan gansxvavebiT, swavlis gagrZeleba msurs. maT aranairi ambicia ar gaaCniaT da mTeli cxovreba zustad is unda akeTon, riTac maTi mamebi arian dakavebulni.~milanis mamam gabrazebiT dasZina: `Zvel RirebulebebSi araferia cudi. mZuls

es saubrebi ganaTlebaze. meCveneba, rom Zveli Rirebulebebis pativiscema sruliad dakarge.~

milanma amoioxra. aseTi saubari mamasTan pirvelad ar hqonda.`mama, me Tu karg samsaxurs viSovi, dagexmarebiT. rogor SeiZleba if-

iqro, rom me Tqven dagiviwyebT? nuTu marTla gsurs, skolaSi siaruls Tavi davanebo da ar mivaRwio imas, risi miRwevac SemiZlia? yvela maswavlebeli meubneba, rom SeiZleba, kargi mecnieri gamovide. warmoidgine, rom Seni Svili iqneba mecnieri, romlis aRmoCenebi msoflios daexmareba.

milanis mamam muSti daartya magidas: `Seni pirveladi movaleobaa ojaxisa da Temis daxmareba, miT umetes, axla, am gaWirvebul droSi. Tavi ocnebebiT gaqvs gamotenili. ra dros msoflios daxmarebaa?~milans mamis sityvebma guli daswyvita, magram ar undoda sevdis gamomJRavneba.

mama Setrialda, datova oTaxi da kari gaijaxuna. milani Camojda da amoioxra. is Cafiqrda da male gadawyvetileba miiRo. milanma

aiRo CanTa da karisken gaemarTa. uceb SeCerda, amoiRo CanTidan kalami da qaRaldi, dajda magidasTan da mamisaTvis werilis weras Seudga. es iyo mis cxovrebaSi erT-erTi yvelaze mZime gadawyvetileba.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 6.2Smitis dilema

Smitis erTaderTi qaliSvili mZimed avadaa; mas gadaudebeli operacia esaWiroe-ba. operaciisaTvis ki aucilebelia fuli. Smitma ar icis, rogor iSovos fuli. Smitsa da mis cols aqvT mciredi danazogi, riTac maRaziis gaxsnas apirebdnen; isini siamovnebiT gaiRebdnen am fuls gogonas gadasarCenad, magram es fuli sakmarisi ar iqneba operaciisaTvis.

Smiti evedreba eqimebs, gaakeTon operacia SedarebiT dabal fasad. eqimebi acxa-deben, rom es usamarTloba iqneba maT mimarT, vinc operaciaSi sruli safasuri gadaixada. Smiti megobrebsa da naTesavebSi Seagrovebs cotaoden fuls, magram op-eraciisaTvis sakmarisi Tanxa mainc ar gamosdis. gogona yoveldRiurad ufro uares mdgomareobaSi vardeba.

sasowarkveTili Smiti gadawyvets, moiparos Tanxis is odenoba, rac operaciisaT-vis aklia.

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moswavlis samuSao furceli 6.3kontrols vkargavT!

es werili adgilobriv gazeTSi gamoqveynda:

moswavlis samuSao furceli 6.4baraTebis dalageba: elena santiCis cxovreba

1. elena santiCi daibada 1944 wels. is erovnebiT serbi iyo.

2. elena santiCi simsivniT gardaicvala 2000 wels.

3. elenas gardacvalebis Semdeg misma mego-brebma belgradSi aiRes dabombili Senobdan gadarCenili qva. qva morTes kosovodan dev-nilma bavSvebma. Semdeg es qva Caitanes ber-linSi da elena santiCis saxelobis mSvidobis parkSi moaTavses.

4. elena santiCisa da jguf 484-is mier daigegma da ganxorcielda proeqti, romelic emsaxureboda ndobis aRdgenas serbebsa da xorvatebs Soris, 1991 wlis omis Semdeg. am proeqtSi elenam CarTo orive mxaris war-momadgeneli moxaliseebi da saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis warmomadgenlebi.

5. elena santiCi iyo damfuZnebeli da lideri arasamTavrobo organizaciisa, jgufi 484. jgu fi 484 konfliqtebis gadaWris araZaladobriv gze-bze muSaobda. maTTvis humanuri sazogadoebis mSeneblobis safuZveli iyo Semwynareblobisa da TanamSromlobis principebi.

6. elena werda statiebs nacionalizmisa da rasizmis winaaRmdeg. misi statiebi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi vrceldeboda. organizaciam faqs qristi elenas saerTaSoriso mSvidobis pre-mia mianiWa.

7. berlinSi aris mSvidobis parki, romelic elena santiCis saxels atarebs. am parkSi ele-na erT-erT Tavyrilobaze sityviT gamovida.

8. santiCi gaxda msoflioSi cnobili baleri-na da baletis maswavlebeli.

9. elena omis winaaRmdeg gamodioda da ibr-Zoda adamianis uflebaTa dasacavad. is da misi organizacia aqtiurad exmarebodnen dev-nilebs, romlebic serbeTSi Semodiodnen.

10. jguf 484-is saxeli momdinareobs pro-eqtidan, romelic xorvatiis 484 usaxlkar-od darCenil ojaxs daexmara. jguf 484-ma daakvaliana devnilebi da miawoda rCevebi sa-kuTar uflebaTa Sesaxeb.

Cven, adgilobrivi macxovreblebi, SeSfoTebas gamovxatavT imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom ada-

mianebs ar surT, ikisron sakuTari pasuxismgeblobebi. Sedegad, gamoikveTa araerTi problema.

Cvens ubanSi bevri ZaRli daZrwis upatronod. patronebma an ar ician amis Sesaxeb, an

yuradRebas ar aqceven am sakiTxs. ZaRlebi quCebs anagvianeben, rac ara mxolod arasa-

siamovnoa, aramed potenciur safrTxes warmoadgens janmrTelobisaTvis. ZaRlebi yefen

parkebSi. ramdenime maTgani cofiania. aucilebelia maTTvis yuradRebis miqceva, gansa-

kuTrebiT maSin, roca am midamoebSi bavSvebi TamaSoben.

aseve, vfiqrobT, rom Zalian danagvianebulia Cveni garemo. mizezi isaa, rom macx-

ovreblebi ar icaven sayofacxovrebo narCenebis ganTavsebis normebs. nagavs Tan axlavs

virTxebis momravleba, romlebic araerTi daavadebis gadamtanebad gvevlinebian. xSirad

SexvdebiT quCaSi dayril samRebro da sxva qimiuri nivTierebebis qilebs. es nivTierebebi,

SeiZleba, Seerios mdinareebs, sasmel wyals da gamoiwvios garemos dabinZureba.

ratom ar fiqroben adamianebi TavianTi qcevis Sedegebze? ratom ar axdenen reagire-

bas am problemebze politikosebi?

pativiscemiT,

mesame nawili _ monawileoba

Tavi 7

saskolo gazeTi rogor iqmneba media?

Tavi 7saskolo gazeTi

rogor iqmneba media?

7.1 gazeTebi Cven garSemovis informirebaze muSaoben isini. rogor axorcieleben samizne jgufis informirebas. ra informacias avrceleben.

7.2 Cveni gazeTi saukeTesoa... ar meTanxmebiT?ra aqcevs gazeTs karg gazeTad?

7.3 Cven sakuTar saskolo gazeTs gamovcemTra SeiZleba da ra ar SeiZleba, roca saqme exeba saskolo gazeTs?

7.4 Cveni pirveli gamocema!ras vakeTebT Semdeg?

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Tavi 7. saskolo gazeTi


bolo ramdenime wlis manZilze mediis zegavlena mTel msoflioSi gaizarda. rac ufro kompleqsuri xdeba Cveni cxovreba, miT ufro metad veyrdnobiT mediis saSualebiT miRebul informacias da vcdilobT, gaverkveT, Tu ra faqtorebi axdenen Cvens cxovre-baze zegavlenas. yvela im sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli informaciis mosapoveblad, romelic Cvens pirovnul gamocdilebas scdeba, gviwevs mediis ama Tu im saSualebis gamoyeneba.

sxvadasxva adamians sxvadasxvanairad miuwvdeba xeli mediis saSualebebze. infor-maciaze xelmisawvdomoba gansazRvravs adamianis informirebulobis dones da imas, Tu ra Zalaufleba da zegavlena aqvs mas. am TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovani sakiTxia cenzura iseve, rogorc araswori informaciis gavrceleba partiebis, mTavrobebisa da lobistebis jgufebis mier. konfliqturi situaciis dros xSiria informaciis gavrcelebis monopolizaciisa da araswori informaciis gavrcelebis SemTxvevebi.

am TavSi yvela zemoxsenebuli sakiTxis detalur ganxilvas ar SevudgebiT. mo-swavleebi Tavad wamoWrian am Temebs sakuTari qveynis an regionis beWdviTi mediis SedarebiTi analizisas.

am TavSi Semdeg midgomas virCevT mediis sferoSi ganaTlebisadmi: saskolo gazeTze muSaoba saSualebas miscems moswavleebs, axlos gaecnon beWdviTi mediis momzadebis process. arsebulma gamocdilebam gviCvena, rom aseTi midgoma sasarge-bloa, radgan moswavleebi, amgvari praqtikuli saqmianobiT, beWdviTi mediis manamde ucnob samyaroSi Segvyavs. moswavleebs beWdviTi mediisadmi kritikuli midgoma ganuviTardebaT da mediis sferos ukeT gaecnobian.

da bolos, praqtikuli miniSneba: es Tavi iZleva sxvadasxva disciplinis mom-cveli swavlebis da TanamSromlobis saSualebas. teqstis dawera da Sesworeba enis gakveTilebze SeiZleba, gazeTis gaformeba da dizaini ki _ xelovnebis gakveTilze. SeiZleba erT-erTma klasma iTavos gazeTis momzadeba da sxva klasis moswavleebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT dainteresdebian, redaqtirebis procesSi CarTon.

saWiro iqneba garkveuli dro saskolo gazeTis gamocemis mere, raTa sxva maswav-leblebic darwmundnen, rom aseTi proeqtis ganxorcieleba Rirs.

swavla demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb

mediis sferoSi gaTviTcnobiereba samoqalaqo ganaTlebis miznis (aqtiuri mo-qalaqeebis Camoyalibeba) misaRwevi erT-erTi ZiriTadi saSualebaa. qvemoT warmod-genilia mediis sferoSi gaTviTcnobierebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi:

sakomunikacio kompetencia exeba adamianebs Soris komunikaciis damyarebis 1. maneras. socialuri realoba, TavisTavad, ar arsebobs; mas gansazRvraven ada-mianebi, socialuri interaqciis meSveobiT. sxva sityvebiT, socialuri real-oba iqmneba komunikaciiT. sakomunikacio kompetencia iwyeba mSobliuri enis SeswavliT da viTardeba am kompetenciis sajaro gamoyenebis dros.

TiToeuli adamiani ibadeba sakomunikacio kompetenciiT, Tumca mas sWirdeba 2. praqtika da daxvewa.

mediaSi gaTviTcnobiereba sakomunikacio kompetenciis nawilia. Cven vgulismobT 3. mediis sxvadasxva saSualebas, romlis gamoyenebasac varjiSi sWirdeba. beWdviTi media, maT Soris, saskolo gazeTi, aris yoveldRiuri komunikaciis mniSvnelovani saSualeba, romelsac moswavleebi unda icnobdnen. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom es aris mediaSi gaTviTcnobierebisaTvis saWiro mxolod erTi elementi.

139





swavlis mizani moswavlis davaleba saWiro masala moswavleTa CarTu lobis forma

gakveTili 1: gazeTebi Cven garSemo

moswavleebs vacnobT beWdviTi mediis sxvadasxva formas; maT esmiT gansxvave-bebi Sinaarsobriv struqturaSi.

moswavleebi agrove-ben da aanalizeben gazeTebsa da Jurna-lebs, romlebsac maT TemSi xalxi ecnoba. moswavleebi, Sedegebis sailus-traciod, posters amzadeben.

gazeTebi, makratlebi, webo, didi zo-mis furclebi.

jgufuri muSaoba

gakveTili 2: Cveni gazeTi saukeTesoa... ar meTanxme-biT?

moswavleebi iazreben, Tu rogoria kargi gazeTi an Jurnali; maT uyalibdebaT sa-kuTari Sexedulebebi, Rirebulebebi da in-teresebi.

moswavleebi afaseben jgufur prezenta-ciebs da Tanxmdebian kompromisebze.

wina gakveTilze momzadebuli prezentaciebi. matrica dafaze an flipCartze.

jgufuri prezenta-ciebi, dis-kusiebi da Sefaseba.

gakveTili 3: Cven sakuTar saskolo gazeTs gamovcemT

moswavleebi jgu-furad Tanxmdebian Temebze da miznebze. isini TaviaTni gundis wevrebTan TanamSromloben, sakuTari ideebisa da kompetenciebis gaziarebis mizniT.

moswavleebi Tanxmdebian erTob-livi gazeTis struqturaze. isini axdenen im Temebis identifikacias, rac maTi skolisaTvis mniSvnelovania da amzadeben statiebs gazeTis sxvadasxva nawilisaTvis.

xelmisawvdomi materialuri resursebis gaTvaliswine-biT, mzaoba imi-saTvis, rom momzaddes xel naweri teqstebi, kom-piuterze dabe-Wdili masala, an cifruli fotoebi.

erToblivi gadawyveti-lebis miRe-ba, jgufuri muSaoba.

gakveTili 4: Cveni pirveli gamocema!

moswavleebi iazreben, Tu ra sakiTxebTanaa dakavSirebuli sas-kolo gazeTis gagr-Zelebis proeqti. maT SeuZliaT gad-awyvetilebis miReba da pasuxismgeblobis aReba.

moswavleebi ayali-beben sakuTar Sexedulebebs proeqtis SesaZlo gagrZelebis Sesaxeb.

dafa an flipCarti.

diskusia.

140


gakveTili 1gazeTebi Cven garSemovis informirebaze muSaoben isini. rogor axorcieleben samizne jgufis informirebas. ra informacias avrceleben.

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs vacnobT beWdviTi mediis sxvadasxva formas; maT esmiT gansxvavebebi Sinaarsobriv struqturaSi.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi agroveben da aanalizeben gazeTebsa da Jurnalebs, romlebsac maT TemSi xalxi ecnoba. Sedegebis sailustraciod, moswavleebi amzadeben posters.

saWiro masala _ gazeTebi, makratlebi, webo, didi zomis furclebi.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ jgufuri muSaoba.

gakveTili

am gakveTilamde ramdenime kviriT adre, maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, daiwyon gazeTebisa da Jurnalebis Segroveba klasSi mosatanad. am mizniT, klasSi SeiZleba gamoiyos specialuri saprezentacio magida. idealuri iqneba, Tu rome-lime moswavle iSovis gazeTebisa da Jurnalebis Tundac moZvelebul sadgams (iseTs, rogorsac quCaSi gamyidvelebi iyeneben). maswavlebelma unda uzrunvelyos, rom gakveTilze warmodgenili iyos yvela ZiriTadi yoveldRiuri gazeTis nimuSi.

maswavlebeli pirvel gakveTils iwyebs moswavleebisaTvis am Tavis miznebisa da davalebebis mokle mimoxilviT. maswavlebeli imasac atyobinebs moswavleebs, rom am TavSi daiwyeben proeqts, romelic, sul mcire, naxevari saswavlo wlis manZilze gagr-Zeldeba. moswavleebma unda gaiazron, rom es proeqti maT Jurnalisturi gamocdileb-is dagrovebaSi daexmareba. moswavleebisaTvis saintereso iqneba imis gageba, rom moma-vali Jurnalistebi pirvel nabijebs swored aseT proeqtebSi dgamdnen.

moswavleebi mcire zomis, 3-4 kacian jgufebad iyofian. TiToeulma jgufma unda ganixilos erTi gazeTi an Jurnali. moswavleebi ganxilvis procesSi Semdegi SekiTxvebiT xelmZRvaneloben:

_ ra nawilebisagan Sedgeba Jurnali/gazeTi?

_ ra TanmimdevrobiT gvxvdeba es nawilebi?

_ ra samizne jguf(eb)zea gaTvlili TiToeuli nawili? ojaxis romeli wevrebi iqnebodnen dainteresebulni ama Tu im nawilis gacnobiT?

_ ra Temebs eTmoba gazeTis/Jurnalis im nomris nawilebi, romelsac moswavleebi ganixilaven?

_ SearCieT erTi tipiuri statia TiToeuli nawilidan. amoWeriT es statiebi da, posteris momzadebis mizniT, didi zomis qaRaldze miakariT.

ZiriTadi cnebebi

termini `beWdviTi media~ gulisxmobs informaciis beWdviT wyaroebs, e.w. klasikur

medias, rac moicavs: gazeTebs, Jurnalebs, wignebs, katalogebs, sainformacio furclebsa

da biuletenebs, rukebs, diagramebs, safosto baraTebs, kalendrebsa da posterebs.

beWdviTi media, rogorc wesi, qaRaldze ibeWdeba. beWdviTi teqnologiebi swrafad

icvleba da cifruli beWdva ukve farTodaa gavrcelebuli.

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posteri unda atarebdes gazeTis an Jurnalis saxels, sasurvelia, originaluri sa-TauriT. zemoT warmodgenil SekiTxvebs pasuxebi unda gaeces. moswavleebma unda icod-nen, rom statiebis ganlageba posterze advilad gasagebi da Tanmimdevruli unda iyos.

am etapze, aucilebelia, moswavleebs gaazrebuli hqondeT TavianTi gazeTis struqtura, raTa advilad warmoadginon is klasis winaSe.

jgufebi sakuTar prezentaciebs momavali gakveTilisaTvis amzadeben. es prezen-taciebi sareklamo xasiaTs unda atarebdes. moswavleebi reklamas gaukeTeben sa-kuTar gazeTs an Jurnals; miuTiTeben mis dadebiT mxareebze. yvela prezentaciis mosmenis Semdeg, moswavleebi irCeven yvelaze saintereso da informaciul gazeTs. SesaZlebelia imis uzrunvelyofa, rom momavali ramdenime kviris manZilze skolaSi gamarjvebuli gazeTis ufaso Semotana moxdes. rogorc wesi, gamomcemelTa umete-sobisaTvis, msgavsi aqcia savsebiT misaRebia xolme.

am fazaSi, maswavlebeli moswavleebs gazeTis Sida struqturis SeswavlaSi ex-mareba, radgan yvela gazeTi advilad gasaanalizebeli ar aris. maswavlebelma unda ganaxorcielos moswavleTa monitoringi jgufuri muSaobis drosac, raTa uzrunve-lyos prezentaciebis Seuferxebeli, drouli dasruleba.

gakveTili 2Cveni gazeTi saukeTesoa... ar meTanxmebiT?ra aqcevs gazeTs karg gazeTad?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebi iazreben, Tu rogoria kargi gazeTi an Jurnali; maT uyalibdebaT sakuTari Sexedulebebi, Rirebulebebi da interesebi.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi afaseben jgufur prezentaciebs da Tanxmdebian kompro-misebze.

saWiro masala _ wina gakveTilze momzadebuli prezentaciebi. matrica dafaze an flipCartze.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ jgufuri prezentaciebi, diskusiebi da Sefaseba.

ZiriTadi cnebebi

termini `presis Tavisufleba~ niSnavs presis uflebas, rom Tavisuflad imoqmedos

da cenzuras ar daeqvemdebaros. presis Tavisufleba gulisxmobs Jurnalistis uflebas,

rom ar misces Cveneba. aseve, ar SeiZleba Jurnalistis monitoringi mosasmeni aparaturis

gamoyenebiT. Jurnalistis profesias ar aregulirebs saxelmwifo da Jurnalistebis

momzadeba ar eqceva saxelmwifo gavlenis sferoSi.

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gakveTili

meore gakveTili iwyeba prezentaciebiT. jgufebma moamzades posterebi da SearCies amonaWrebi gazeTebidan/Jurnalebidan. sasargeblo iqneba jgufebisaTvis gakveTilis dasawyisSi 5 wuTis micema, raTa Tavi mouyaron saprezentacio masalas.

moswavleebi prezentaciebs afaseben konkretuli kriteriumebis mixedviT. mas-wavlebels SeuZlia am kriteriumebis gamoyenebiT moamzados matrica.

jgufi 1 jgufi 2 jgufi 3 jgufi 4 jgufi 5 qulaTa jami

gazeTis an Jurnalis dasaxeleba

posteri

prezentaciis formaluri mxareebi

prezentaciis Sinaarsi

gazeTis an Jurnalis formaluri mxareebi

gazeTis an Jurnalis Sinaarsi

am Sefasebas ar unda mieces gadaWarbebuli mniSvneloba. es mxolod konkuren-tuli garemos Seqmnis saSualeba unda iyos, rac moswavleTa motivaciis gazrdas Seuwyobs xels.

prezentaciebis Semdeg, moswavleebi afaseben beWdviTi mediis saSualebebs Semdegi SekiTxvebis daxmarebiT:

_ ra aqcevs gazeTs/Jurnals `karg~ gazeTad/Jurnalad?

_ ra mizans emsaxureba is?

_ ras vfiqrobT im gazeTebze/Jurnalebze, romlebic Cven warmogvidgines?

_ ra SeiZleba gamoswordes?

diskusiis dros maswavlebeli moswavleTa mosazrebebs flipCartze iniSnavs. flipCarti gakveTilis dawyebamde momzadda; mis nacvlad SeiZleba dafis gamoyen-ebac. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom dafaze mocemul informacias, flipCartisagan gan-sxvavebiT, momaval gakveTilze ver gamoviyenebT.

gakveTilis bolos, maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom maT unda moamzadon da sajarod warmoadginon saskolo gazeTi. moswavleebma unda ifiqron am davale-baze da im konkretul ganyofilebebze, romlebsac gazeTi unda moicavdes imisaT-vis, rom saskolo cxovreba srulyofilad warmoadginos. aseve, moswavleebma unda moifiqron, Tu romeli ganyofilebebis momzadeba surT. mniSvnelovani iqneba sas-kolo gazeTis saxelwodebaze msjelobac.

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gakveTili 3Cven sakuTar saskolo gazeTs gamovcemTra SeiZleba da ra ar SeiZleba, roca saqme exeba saskolo gazeTs

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebi jgufurad Tanxmdebian Temebsa da miznebze. isini TaviaTni gun-dis wevrebTan TanamSromloben, sakuTari ideebisa da kompetenciebis gaziarebis mizniT.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi Tanxmdebian erToblivi gazeTis struqturaze. isini axdenen im Temebis identifikacias, romlebic mniSvnelovania maTi skolisaTvis da amzadeben statiebs gazeTis sxvadasxva nawilisaTvis.

saWiro masala _ xelmisawvdomi materialuri resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mzaoba imisaTvis, rom momzaddes xelnaweri teqstebi, kompiuterze dabeWdili masala an cifruli fotoebi.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ erToblivi gadawyvetilebis miReba. jgufuri muSaoba.

gakveTili

moswavleebi 3-4 kacian jgufebad iyofian; isini ganixilaven gazeTis sxvadasxva nawils da imas, Tu romeli nawilebia skolis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani informaciis matarebeli.

maswavlebelma moamzada patara saskolo gazeTi yvela jgufisaTvis _ kedelze erTmaneTis miyolebiT gakruli sami cali A4 zomis qaRaldi. jgufebi muSaoben gaze-Tis struqturaze, mis saxelwodebaze, dizainsa da nawilebze. am muSaobis Sedegi ase SeiZleba gamoiyurebodes:

moswavlis qronikaaxali ambebi sporti yvelaze movlenebi

mniSvnelovani ambebimSoblebi Cveni satkivari

jgufebis mier warmodgenili mosazrebebi klasis kedelzea mocemuli. moswavleebs eZlevaT dro, rom gaecnon posterebs da sakuTari damokidebuleba Camoayalibon. ewyoba `redaqtorTa konferencia~, romelzec iReben Semdeg gadawyvetilebebs:

_ gazeTis saxelwodeba (azrTa gacvla, diskusia da xmis micema);

_ im nawilebis SerCeva, romlebic yvelaze Sinaarsiania da mniSvnelovani skolisa da moswavleebisaTvis.

moswavleebi mcire jgufebSi erTiandebian. jgufebis raodenoba emTxveva gazeTSi nawilebis dagegmil raodenobas. aris kidev erTi jgufi, romelic gamocemazea pasuxismge-beli.

dasawyisSi, gazeTis gamocemis jgufi praqtikul sakiTxebze muSaobs, rogorebi-caa gazeTis dizaini da formati. ufrosma maswavlebelma sagnis maswavleblisagan ukve icis saskolo gazeTis proeqtis Sesaxeb da ukve arsebobs skolaSi gazeTis ganTavsebis nebarTva.

maSin, roca redaqtorebi dakavebulebi arian pirveli statiebis dagegmviT gaze-Tis sxvadasxva nawilisaTvis, maswavlebeli gazeTis gamocemis jgufTan teqnikur sakiTxebs ganixilavs.

moswavleebs eZlevaT davalebebi, romlebic momaval kviramde unda Sesruldes. redaqtirebis TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens statias. gazeTis gamocemis jgufi muSaobs saskolo gazeTze, romelsac unda hqondes saxelwodeba, logo da ramdenime nawili.

es savarjiSo moswavleebs warmatebasac agrZnobinebs da sirTuleebsac daanaxvebs. Seikvreba redaqtorTa gundi, romelic sistematurad aqveynebs skolis ambebs. am gundSi gaerTianebulni iqnebian yvelaze aqtiuri da dainteresebuli moswavleebi, romlebic mzad arian, rom gaagrZelon saskolo gazeTze muSaoba xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi.

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gakveTili 4Cveni pirveli gamocema!ras vakeTebT Semdeg?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebi iazreben, Tu ra sakiTxebTanaa dakavSirebuli saskolo gazeTis gagrZelebis proeqti. maT SeuZliaT gadawyvetilebis miReba da pasuxismgeblobis aReba.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi ayalibeben sakuTar Sexedulebebs proeqtis SesaZlo gagrZelebis Sesaxeb.

saWiro masala _ dafa an flipCarti.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ diskusia.

gakveTili

mas Semdeg, rac redaqtorebi statiebs pirvel saskolo gazeTSi gamoaqveyneben, dgeba proeqtis gagrZelebis sakiTxi. am periodisaTvis moswavleebma ukve ician, Tu ra dro sWirdeba gazeTis momzadebas da ra organizaciul problemebTanaa dakav-Sirebuli igi. sakuTari gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, moswavleebs SeuZliaT, war-marTon diskusia saskolo gazeTis proeqtis gagrZelebis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb.

maswavlebels SeuZlia, am flipCartiT meti sicxade da struqtura Seitanos mo-swavleTa diskusiebSi:

organizacia pirovnuli aspeqtebi TanamSromloba drois menejmenti

Tu gavagrZelebT:-ra unda gaviTvaliswinoT?-droSi xom ar viqnebiT SezRudulebi?-ra teqnikuri saSualebebi gagvaCnia?-rogor unda uzrunvelvyoT, rom Cveni gazeTi ar gaxdes vandalizmis msxverpli?-ra finansuri resursebi dagvWirdeba? rogor unda movizidoT es resursebi?

vin aris dainterese-buli?-mTavari redaqtori-redaqtorTa komiteti-ra aris maswavleblis roli da pozicia?-saxelebi:-----

-rogor CavrToT sxva mos-wavleebi am proeqtSi?-kidev romeli maswav-leblebi CaerTvebian Cvens proeqtSi? -SegviZlia uzrunvelvyoT gasvlebi redaqciebSi (beWd-viTi mediis, telemauwyeblo-bis an eleqtronuli mediis)?-SegviZlia gavakeToT in-terviu JurnalistTan, rogorc eqspertTan?

ZiriTadi cnebebi

diskusia (àrgumentebis gacvla~, momdinareobs laTinuri sityvidan discussio) aris ver-

baluri komunikacia or an met adamians Soris, romelic exeba erT an ramdenime sakiTxs da

romlis drosac TiToeuli mxare sakuTar argumentebs warmoadgens. diskusia unda gaimarTos

urTierTpativiscemis principis gaTvaliswinebiT. kargi diskusia saSualebas aZlevs mosau-

breebs, warmoadginon gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi da saTanado yuradRebiT ganixilon isini.

pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi, rogorebicaa: simSvide, TavSekaveba da zrdilobiani saqcieli,

momgebiania diskusiaSi monawile orive mxarisaTvis. saukeTeso diskusia sruldeba problemi-

dan gamosavlis moZebniT an kompromisiT, romelic yvela mxarisaTvis misaRebia.

Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi diskusia aris interesTa da mizanTa konfliqtis mogva-

rebis civilizebuli, araZaladobrivi saSualeba. konfliqtis CaxSobis nacvlad xdeba kon-

fliqtis mogvareba. diskusiis unaris ganviTareba daexmareba moswavleebs cxovrebiseuli

problemebis mSvidobian mogvarebaSi.

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roca am cxrilis Sevsebaze muSaobT, xvdebiT, rom SeuZlebelia yvelafris da-sawyisSive dagegmva. gazeTis proeqtze muSaoba saWiroebs yvela monawilis aqtiur CarTulobas da gegmebis cvlilebas, saWiroebisda mixedviT. es aris sicocxliT savse, saxaliso, Tumca, amavdroulad, rTuli da zogjer imedgamacruebeli procesi.

maswavlebeli, romelsac moswavleebTan erTad proeqtebze aqamdec umuSavia, icnobs proeqtze muSaobis struqturas da aucilebeli nabijebis Tanmimdevrobas; mas, aseve, kar-gad esmis, rom mniSvnelovania kargi xelmZRvaneloba, roca saskolo proeqtis warmate-bul ganxorcielebas vgegmavT. Tumca, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom maswavleblis mxridan zedmetma yuradRebam SeiZleba, rom CaaxSos moswavleTa motivacia da iniciativa. aseT proeqtebSi monawileoba moswavleebisaTvis sasargebloa, radgan isini iReben mniSvnelo-van gamocdilebas samoqalaqo da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ganaTlebis kuTxiT.

maswavlebelma unda uzrunvelyos, rom gakveTilis bolos moswavleebma miiRon realuri gadawyvetilebebi proeqtis gagrZelebis sxvadasxva sakiTxTan, maT Soris, vadebTan dakavSirebiT.


mediaSi gaTviTcnobierebis sami ganzomileba

1. pirveli ganzomileba: mediis Sefaseba

mediis Sefasebis cneba SeiZleba Sejamdes Zveli berZnuli zmniT Krinein (krinein), romelic `gansazRvras~ niSnavda da Seexeboda codnisa da gamocdilebis SeZenas. mediis Sefaseba mediis analizs gulisxmobs. es analitikuri qvekomponenti sazoga-doebaSi mimdinare movlenebis Secnobisa da gaazrebis kompetencias exeba, magali-Tad, koncentraciis procesi mediaSi, ramac SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas mediis fun-qcionirebas demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. mniSvnelovania imis codna, vin aris ama Tu im gazeTis mflobeli da ramdeni mediasaSualebis damfinansebelia esa Tu is kompania. amasTanave, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom media aris komerciul mogebasTan dakavSirebuli saqme. rac ufro urTierTdamokidebuli da globalizebuli xdeba Cveni cxovreba, miT ufro izrdeba saWiroeba imisa, rom medias daveyrdnoT. mediis analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs, kritikulad SevafasoT media da adekvaturad gamovi-yenoT Cveni codna mediis sferoSi.

2. meore ganzomileba: codna mediis Sesaxeb

es aris mediisa da mediis sistemebis codna, rac or qvekomponentad iyofa.a. informaciis qvekomponenti moicavs ZiriTad codnas, magaliTad, rogor as-

ruleben Jurnalistebi sakuTar samuSaos; satelevizio da radioprogramebis tipebi; mayureblis mizezebi imisa, Tu ratom aniWebs mayurebeli romelime gadacemas upi-ratesobas; kompiuteris gamoyeneba mayureblis saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad.

b. unarebis qvekomponenti mediis codnas umatebs axali mowyobilobebis gamoyen-ebis unars, instruqciebisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis kiTxvis gareSe. es qvekomponenti moicavs `praqtikuli muSaobiT aTvisebis~ process _ rogor unda moepyro kompiut-ers, rogor unda imuSao internetSi, rogor unda gamoiyeno videokamera da a.S.

3. mesame ganzomileba: mediis gamoyeneba

mediis gamoyenebac or qvekomponentad SeiZleba davyoT.

a. mediaproduqtebis gamoyenebis kompetencia, sxva sityvebiT, mediis produqtebis

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miRebisa da moxmarebis unari. magaliTad, televizoris yureba. es aris aqtivo-ba, romlis drosac Cven vamuSavebT televizoridan miRebul informacias da vaxdenT mis integrirebas Cvens kognitur struqturebTan da warmodgenebTan. SegviZlia Cveni recefciuli kompetencia gavafarTooT ara mxolod teqstebis kiTxviT, aramed filmebis yurebiTac.

b. mediamowyobilobebis aqtiuri gamoyeneba. es qvekomponenti ukavSirdeba medi-is gamoyenebas socialur interaqciaSi. magaliTad, telebankingi, teleSopingi, video da satelefono konferenciebi, tradiciuli da cifruli fotografia da videoproduqcia. mediis didi mravalferovneba saSualebas gvaZlevs, ara mxo-lod informaciis miRebiT SevimecnoT samyaro, aramed informaciis SeqmniTa da gavrcelebiTac.

mediis Sesaxeb Tavi, ZiriTadad, mediis gamoyenebas eZRvneba, Tumca, aseve, yura-dReba gamaxvilebulia wina or ganzomilebazec.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 7.1rogor iwereba statia

statiis struqtura

1. saTauri

statias sWirdeba saTauri. saTauris funqciaa, gaaRvivos mkiTxvelis interesi imdenad, rom statiis wakiTxva moundes.

gazeTis mkiTxveli Tvals avlebs gazeTs da arCevs im statias, romlis wakiTxvac surs. Sesabamisad, statiis saTauri unda ipyrobdes mkiTxvelis yuradRebas. teqstidan cxadad gamoyofili saTauri unda iyos mokle, didi da gamuqebuli asoebiT dabeWdili.

2. Sesavali

statiis pirveli abzaci aris Sesavali. rogorc wesi, pirveli abzacis asoebi gamuqebulia xolme.

pirveli abzaci mkiTxvels awvdis yvelaze mniSvnelovan informacias; aq mocemu-lia pasuxebi mkiTxvelis ZiriTad SekiTxvebze.

statiaSi, romelic ufro emociuria, vidre faqtobrivi, pirveli abzaci aris situaciis aRwera. aseT SemTxvevaSi, mkiTxvelis interesis gaRviveba xdeba ufro stilisturi saSualebebiT, vidre faqtebiT.

3. ena da stili

enis swori gamoyeneba gacilebiT ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre Jurnalisturi forma an stili. Tu gazeTs aRviqvamT, rogorc saxls, maSin Jurnalisturi weris sxvadasxva forma SeiZleba sxvadasxva tipis avejad miviCnioT; sityvebi ki is agurebi iqneba, romliTac saxlia naSenebi.

maSin, roca Tavis gatana avejis gareSec SegviZlia, SeuZlebelia agurebis gareSe cxovreba. emociuri statiebi Zalian didi popularobiT sargeblobs. magram aqac sifrTxilea saWiro, ar unda gadavamlaSoT.

mivediT winadadebamde. winadadebebi unda iyos mokle da martivi. rTulia im

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winadadebebis gageba, romlebic 14-ze meti sityvisagan Sedgeba. 25 da meti sityvisa-gan Semdgari winadadebebis gageba ki mkiTxvelTa umetesobisaTvis SeuZlebelia. yov-elTvis ecadeT, Tavi aaridoT rTul winadadebebs, bevri mZimeebiT da damokidebuli winadadebebiT. dawerisTanave gadaikiTxeT winadadeba. advilad gasagebia? zedmeti sityvebi xom ar aris?

sityvebis araswori wera mkiTxvelisaTvis gamaRizianebelia. roca adamiani SecdomiT daweril sityvas xedavs, mas ekargeba koncentracia winadadebis ZiriTad arsze. statiisaTvis saboloo formis micema gulisxmobs mis yuradRebiT gadakiTx-vas, sityvebisa da gramatikuli wyobis sisworis Sesamowmeblad, informaciis utyua-robis dasadastureblad da stilisturad gamarTvis mizniT.

meoTxe nawili _ Zalaufleba da uflebamosileba

Tavi 8.

wesebi da kanonebi. ra tipis wesebi sWirdeba sazogadoebas?

Tavi 9.

mTavroba da politika. rogori unda iyos qveynis mmarTveloba?

Tavi 8wesebi da kanonebi

ra tipis wesebi sWirdeba sazogadoebas?

8.1 kargi kanoni _ cudi kanonira aqcevs kanons karg kanonad?

8.2 ra asakSi?rogor unda miesadagebodes kanoni axalgazrdebs?

8.3 Tqven xarT kanonmdebelirogor epyrobiT axalgazrda kanondamrRvevebs?

8.4 mtkicebulebebira mtkicebulebebi unda aRiaros sasamarTlom?

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Tavi 8. wesebi da kanonebi


sazogadoebis efeqturi da samarTliani funqcionirebisaTvis aucilebelia kanonebis arseboba. kanonebi sxvadasxva situacias da TiTqmis yvela adamians miesad-ageba. gamonakliss warmoadgenen bavSvebi, romlebic kanonis winaSe pasuxismgebelni ar arian manam, sanam garkveul asaks ar miaRweven.

arsebobs samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTali. samoqalaqo samarTali adamianebsa da adamianis jgufebs Soris davebis mogvarebas exeba. sisxlis samarTali im qmede-bebs aregulirebs, romlebic, saxelmwifos xedviT, aRsakveTia.

kanonebi arasodesaa idealuri. kanonebs qmnian adamianebi. zogjer aucilebe-lia kanonebSi cvlilebebis Setana, radgan isini Zveldeba da adamianTa garkveuli jgufebis mimarT araefeqturi an usamarTlo xdeba.

samarTali yovelTavis ukavSirdeba politikas, radgan kanonebi iqmneba da icv-leba sxvadasxva politikuri sistemis farglebSi. demokratiul sazogadoebaSi yvela moqalaqes aqvs kanonebis mimarT sakuTari azris gamoxatvis ufleba. mniSvnelovania, rom kanoni erTnairad exebodes yvela moqalaqes, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, aravin unda idges kanonze maRla. am cnebas kanonis uzenaesobis saxeliT moixsenieben.

da bolos, kanonebi adamianis uflebebs unda Seesabamebodes; unda iyos samar-Tliani da ar unda warmoadgens diqtaturis an Cagvris iaraRs. Sesabamisad, demokra-tiuli sistemebis umetesoba eyrdnoba daweril konstitucias, romelic uzrunve-lyofs adamianis uflebaTa dacvas da qveyanaSi moqmed kanonebze maRla dgas. zog qveyanaSi moqmedebs sakonstitucio sasamarTlo. es ukanaskneli gansazRvravs, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba esa Tu is kanoni konstitucias.



_ ukeTesad gaiazron samarTlis cneba da misi mniSvneloba demokratiuli sazogadoe-

bisaTvis;

_ aRiaron, rom samarTlis mTavari amocanaa xalxis daxmareba da sazogadoebis dacva;

_ gaiazron da pativi scen kanonis uzenaesobis princips;

_ gaigon meti sakuTari qveynis iuridiul sistemaze.

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gakveTili 1: kargi kanoni _ cudi kanoni

im faqtorebis gaazreba, rom-lebic kanonis samarTlianobas uzrunvelyofs

skolaSi moqmedi wesebis ganxilva. kargi wesebis ganmsaz-Rvreli faqtorebis identifikacia.kanonebis ganxilva da im faqtorebis iden-tifikacia, romlebic kanons karg kanonad aqcevs.erT-erT sferoSi moqmedi kanonebis ganxilva, magaliTad, alkoholis makon-trolebeli kanonmde-bloba. skolaSi moqmedi axali wesis an kanonis ganxilva.

ori baraTi TiToeuli moswavlisaTvis _ erTs aweria à~ (mwva-ned), xolo meores _ `b~ (wiTlad). samuSao furceli _ alkohol-Tan dakavSirebuli kanonmdebloba Tqvens qveyanaSi. markerebi da didi zomis qaRaldi TiToeuli jgufisaT-vis. flipCarti an didi zomis qaRaldi,romelic flipCartis funqcias Seasrulebs.

mcire jgufebSi muSaoba. diskusia.

gakveTili 2: ra asakSi?

imis gamokvl-eva, Tu rogor miesadageba kanoni axalgazrdebs?

im asakis gansazRvra, romlis gadabije-bis Semdegac axal-gazrdas SeuZlia, monawileoba miiRos zrdasrulTa aqtivobebSi. gansazRvra imisa, Tu ramdenad misaRe-bia axalgazrdebTan dakavSirebuli arse-buli kanonmdebloba.

sami warwera asoe-biT à”, `b” da `g” gakrulia klasis sxvadasxva kedelze.moswavlis samuSao furcel 8.1-is aslebi (TiTo asli yovel or moswavleze). markeri da didi zomis furceli yovel 4-6 moswavleze.

wyvilebSi muSaoba. mcire jgufebSi muSaoba. diskusia.

gakveTili 3: Tqven xarT kanonmdebeli

ganxilva imisa, saWiroa Tu ara, davsajoT axalgazrdebi, romlebic kan-ons arRveven. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es saWiroa, rogori unda iyos sasjeli.

danaSaulze saTanado sasjelis gansazRvri-sas gasaTvaliswine-beli faqtorebis gaanalizeba.

moTxroba da maswavleblis damxmare masala


gakveTili 4: mtkicebule-bebi

sasamarTloSi mtkicebulebis warmodgenis wesebis gaazreba.

ganxilva imisa, Tu ra tipis mtkicebulebebi unda gaiTvaliswinos sasamarTlom.

sadiskusio baraTebi (moswavlis samuSao furceli 8.2) 4-6 mo-swavlisagan Semdgari jgufebisaTvis.


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gakveTili 1kargi kanoni _ cudi kanonira aqcevs kanons karg kanonad?

swavlis mizani _ im faqtorebis gaazreba, romlebic kanonis samarTlianobas uzrunvelyofs

moswavlis davaleba _ skolaSi moqmedi wesebis ganxilva. kargi wesebis ganmsazRvreli faq-torebis identifikacia.kanonebis ganxilva da im faqtorebis identifikacia, romlebic kanons karg kanonad aqcevs.erT-erT sferoSi moqmedi kanonebis ganxilva, magaliTad, alkoholis makontrolebeli kanonmdebloba. skolaSi moqmedi axali wesis an kanonis ganxilva da gamarTleba.

saWiro masala _ ori baraTi TiToeuli moswavlisaTvis _ erTs aweria à” (mwvaned), xolo meores _ `b” (wiTlad). samuSao furceli _ alkoholTan dakavSirebuli kanonmdebloba Tqvens qveyanaSi. markerebi da didi zomis qaRaldi 4-6 moswavlisagan TiToeuli jgufisaTvis. flipCarti an didi zomis qaRaldi, romelic flipCartis funqcias Seasrulebs.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ mcire jgufebSi muSaoba. diskusia.

gakveTili

maswavlebeli gakveTils iwyebs moswavleTaTvis or-ori baraTis darigebiT _ erTs aweria à~ (mwvaned), xolo meores _ `b~ (wiTlad).

maswavlebeli moswavleebs uxsnis, rom waukiTxavs maT skolis warmosaxviT wesebs. moswavleebma unda gansazRvron, kargia es wesi, Tu cudi. Tu wess dadebiTad afase-ben, unda aswion mwvane baraTi, xolo Tu uaryofiTad _ wiTeli.

maswavlebeli ukiTxavs moswavleebs skolis gamogonil wesebs. es wesebi exeba Semdeg sakiTxebs:

_ ikrZaleba davaleba;

_ ikrZaleba moswavlis mier sxva moswavlis Cagvra;

_ skola unda iyos fasiani;

_ skolaSi saReWi rezinis motana akrZalulia;

_ aucilebelia, moswavleebs moswondeT yvela maswavlebeli;

_ moswavles unda hqondes saSualeba, airCios saskolo sagnebi;

informacia

am TavSi viyenebT ìnduqciuri swavlebis~ meTods. es meTodi exmareba maswavlebels,

konkretuli, cxovrebiseuli magaliTebis gamoyenebiT gaagebinos moswavleebs abstraqtu-

li cnebebi. gakveTili iwyeba kanonebTan an wesebTan dakavSirebuli magaliTebiT. moswav-

leebma, am magaliTebis daxmarebiT, zogadi principebi unda Camoayalibon. am kriteriumebs

vusadagebT kanonebs an wesebs, raTa ganvsazRvroT, Tu ramdenad kargia esa Tu is kanoni an

wesi: ramdenad samarTliania? ramdenad sasargebloa? yvelasTvis sikeTis momtania? SeuZlia

policias maTi Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofa? advilad SeiZleba misi gageba da dacva?

im SemTxvevaSi, roca saWiroa damatebiTi masala (magaliTad, kanonebi alkoholis

Sesaxeb), maswavlebelma da moswavleebma es masala unda moiZion.

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_ moxuc maswavleblebs unda hqondeT ufro naklebad datvirTuli ganrigi;

_ skolaSi mobiluri telefonis tareba akrZalulia.

roca moswavleebi gamoxataven sakuTar mosazrebas TiToeul wesTan dakavSire-biT, maswavlebels SeuZlia, dausvas maT ramdenime SekiTxva, pasuxebis dakonkretebis mizniT:

_ ratom TvliT, rom es kargi/cudi wesia?

damatebiTi diskusiebi da komentarebi am etapze mizanSewonili ar aris. Semdeg maswavlebeli klass 4-6 moswavlisagan Semdgar jgufebad hyofs da sTxovs

maT, jgufebSi imuSaon im faqtorebze, romlebic uzrunvelyofs imas, rom esa Tu is wesi moswavleTaTvis misaRebia/ar aris misaRebi:

_ ra faqtorebi aqceven saskolo wess karg wesad?

TiToeulma jgufma sakuTari mosazrebebi klasis winaSe unda warmoadginos. Semdeg maswavlebeli imeorebs imave savarjiSos erTi gansxvavebiT _ skolis war-

mosaxviTi wesebis nacvlad, moswavleebs qveynis warmosaxviT kanonebs acnobs:

_ yvela moqalaqes unda hqondes erTi da igive religiuri aRmsarebloba;

_ mkvlelobis Cadena ar SeiZleba;

_ dauSvebelia tyuilis Tqma;

_ arajansaRi sakvebi unda aikrZalos;

_ moqalaqeebma Tavad unda gadawyviton, Tu gzis romel mxares atareben manqanas;

_ ar unda iyos gansxvaveba qalebisa da mamakacebis xelfasebs Soris.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, jgufebSi imuSaon im faqtorebze, rac uz-runvelyofs imas, rom esa Tu is kanoni moswavleTaTvis misaRebia/ar aris misaRebi:

_ ra faqtorebi aqceven kanons karg kanonad?

TiToeulma jgufma sakuTari mosazrebebi klasis winaSe unda warmoadginos. mas-wavlebelma moswavleTa msjeloba unda mimarTos kargi kanonis ganmsazRvrel ram-denime mTavar kriteriumze:

_ samarTlianoba _ samarTali da Tanasworoba, magaliTad, Tanabari xelfasi ma-makacebsa da qalebs;

_ sargeblianoba _ xels uwyobs sazogadoebis daubrkolebel funqcionirebas, magaliTad, manqanis tarebis maregulirebeli kanonebi, romlebic adamianTa usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofen;

_ sazogadoebrivi keTildReoba _ mTeli sazogadoebis, da ara mxolod privile-girebuli fenebis, interesebis dacva;

_ ganxorcielebadoba _ adamianTa umravlesobas SeuZlia, daicvas isini, xolo policias _ daakavos kanonis damrRvevni;

_ simartive _ gasagebad da Sesasruleblad advili.

roca moswavleebi ZiriTad kriteriumebze SeTanxmdebian, maswavlebelma flip-Cartze dawerili kriteriumebi klasSi unda dakidos, yvelasTvis kargad dasanax adgilas. flipCartis saTauri iqneba, `ra aqcevs kanons karg kanonad?~

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, jgufurad Seiswavlon romelime sferos ma-regulirebeli, magaliTad, alkoholTan dakavSirebuli, kanonebi. masala samuSao

156


furclis formiT unda daurigdes moswavleebs. ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, moswav-leebma Tavadac unda moipovon garkveuli damatebiTi masala, am SemTxvevaSi, magali-Tad, bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis movaleobebis Sesaxeb. TiToeul jgufs urigdeba markeri da didi zomis qaRaldi. maT unda moamzadon prezentacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad kargia SerCeuli kanoni. muSaobis dros moswavleebma unda gamoiyenon is principebi, romelTa identificirebac ukve moaxdines da romlebic flipCartzea warmodgenili.

jgufebi akeTeben prezentaciebs klasis winaSe. maswavlebelma, SeiZleba, Semdegi saxis saSinao davaleba misces moswavleebs:

moifiqreT kanoni an saskolo wesi, magaliTad, garemos dacvis Temaze. moamzadeT argumentebi im dadebiTi faqtorebis Sesaxeb, rac am wesis an kanonis damkvidrebas SeiZleba axldes Tan.

gakveTili 2ra asakSi?rogor unda miesadagebodes kanoni axalgazrdebs?

swavlis mizani _ imis gamokvleva, Tu rogor miesadageba kanoni axalgazrdebs?

moswavlis davaleba _ im asakis gansazRvra, romlis gadabijebis Semdegac axalgazrdas SeuZlia, monawileoba miiRos zrdasrulTa aqtivobebSi. gansazRvra imisa, Tu ramdenad misaRebia axalgazrdebTan dakavSirebuli arsebuli kanon-mdebloba.

saWiro masala _ sami warwera asoebiT à~, `b~ da `g~ gakrulia klasis sxvadasxva kedelze.moswavlis samuSao furcel 8.1-is aslebi (TiTo asli yovel or moswavleze). markeri da didi zomis furceli yovel 4-6 moswavleze.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ wyvilebSi muSaoba. mcire jgufebSi muSaoba. diskusia.

gakveTili

maswavlebeli gakveTils iwyebs Semdegi SekiTxviT: Tqveni azriT, sworia, rom kanoni bavSvebs avaldebulebs, iaron skolaSi maSin, roca didebisaTvis aseTi val-debuleba ar arsebobs? Tu TvliT, rom es valdebuleba sworia, axseniT, ratom. Tu sawinaaRmdego mosazreba gaqvT, esec axseniT.

Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs wyvilebad yofs da aZlevs kiTxvars (moswav-lis samuSao furceli 8.1). es kiTxvari exeba im dasaSveb asaks, romlis gadabijebis Semdegac axalgazrdebi srulwlovanebad aRiqmebian da igive uflebebi aqvT, rac zrdasrulebs.

maswavlebeli erT-erT wyvils sTxovs, waikiTxon sakuTari pasuxebi. TiToeuli pasuxis Semdeg, maswavlebeli adasturebs mis siswores, an acxadebs swor pasuxs. mo-

informacia

winamdebare gakveTili garkveul fizikur aqtivobas moicavs. Tu Tqven TvliT, rom es

ar iqneba mizanSewonili Tqveni moswavleebisaTvis, unda moaxdinoT am aqtivobebis morgeba

moswavleTa saWiroebebze, magaliTad, ise, rom moswavleebma xelis aweviT miscen xma, kla-

sis erTi bolodan meoreSi gadaadgilebis gareSe.

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swavleebi swor pasuxebs iniSnaven. TiToeul SekiTxvasTan dakavSirebiT, maswavlebeli kiTxulobs:rogor fiqrobT, es asaki:

a. Zalian pataraa?

b. Zalian didia?

g. normaluria?

maswavlebeli wyvilebs erT wuTs aZlevs mosafiqreblad. Semdeg ki sTxovs maT, oTaxis im kedelTan dadgnen, romelic maT pasuxs Seesabameba (kedlebze ukve gakrulia miniSnebebi à~, `b” da `g”).

maswavlebeli SemTxveviTobis principiT SerCeul jgufebs sTxovs, axsnan saku-Tari pozicia. sxva moswavleebs eZlevaT saSualeba, dasvan SekiTxvebi.

gakveTilis bolos, maswavlebeli kiTxulobs: Tqveni azriT, sworia, rom kanoni axalgazrdebs zrdasrulebisagan ganasxvavebs? ratom?

maswavlebeli moswavleebs 4-6 kacian jgufebad hyofs. TiToeul jgufs urigdeba markeri da didi zomis qaRaldi. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moifiqron is sa-kanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, romlebic axalgazrdebs ukeTes pirobebSi Caayenebda. mo-swavleebma SeiZleba sruliad axali kanonis damkvidrebis winadadebac ki Semoitanon, romelic, magaliTad, uzrunvelyofs imas, rom TiToeul skolas hyavdes moswavleTa parlamenti. SesaZloa, kanoni exebodes axalgazrdebisaTvis minimalur xelfass. ar-sebul kanonebSi cvlilebebi ki gulisxmobdes xmis micemis, an marTvis mowmobis aRebis asakis Secvlas. TiToeuli jgufi amzadebs prezentacias, romelsac klasis winaSe warmoadgens. prezentacia exeba jgufisaTvis sasurvel sakanondeblo cvli-lebebs da im mizezebs, Tu ratom iqneboda sasargeblo aseTi sakanonmdeblo cvli-lebebi axalgazrdebisaTvis. prezentaciebis dasrulebis Semdeg, moswavleebi ganixi-laven gamosaval gzebs da irCeven saukeTesos.

saSinao davaleba SeiZleba im Semdgom saqmianobas exebodes, romelic SesaZlebels gaxdis, rom qveynis mTavrobam gaiTvaliswinos moswavleebis mosazrebebi da sakanon-deblo cvlilebebis gatareba uzrunvelyos.

gakveTili 3Tqven xarT kanonmdebelirogor epyrobiT axalgazrda kanondamrRvevebs?

swavlis mizani _ ganxilva imisa, saWiroa Tu ara, davsajoT axalgazrdebi, romlebic kanons arRveven. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es saWiroa, rogori unda iyos sasjeli.

moswavlis davaleba _ danaSaulze saTanado sasjelis gansazRvrisas gasaTvaliswinebeli faqtorebis gaanalizeba.

saWiro masala _ moTxroba da maswavleblis damxmare masala.


158


gakveTili

gakveTilis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli moswavleebs 4-6 kacian jgufebad yofs. mas-wavlebeli moswavleebs uxsnis, rom kanonis uzenaesoba ganaCenis gamotanis procesSi mosamarTlis mxridan kanoniT xelmZRvanelobas gulisxmobs. am gakveTilze moswav-leebi ganixilaven imas, Tu rogor unda epyrobodes aseTi kanoni axalgazrda dam-naSaveebs. moswavleebi moismenen ambavs danaSaulis Sesaxeb da Semdeg warmoidgenen, rom isini arian im parlamentis wevrebi, romelmac unda miiRos gadawyvetileba dam-naSavisaTvis sasjelis gansazRvris Sesaxeb.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs moTxrobas da sTxovs, gadawyviton, Tu ra iqneba tomisTvis samarTliani sasjeli. moswavleebi jgufebSi muSaoben da sakuTar mosazrebebs klasis winaSe warmoadgenen.

Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs damatebiT informacias awvdis. yoveli axali informaciis Semdeg, moswavleebs SeuZliaT, Secvalon sakuTari gadawyvetileba.

aqtivobis bolos, maswavlebeli yvela jgufs sTxovs, sakuTari mosazrebebi

ZiriTadi cnebebi

ra azri aqvs dasjas: sami ZiriTadi argumenti

gakveTili 2 samoqalaqo samarTals eZRvneboda; gakveTili 3 ki mTlianad sisxlis sa-

marTalzea orientirebuli. ganxiluli iqneba axalgazrda damnaSaveebis dasjis aucile-

bloba da dasjis sxvadasxva gza. roca am Temaze vsaurobT, ismeba SekiTxva: ̀ ratom vsjiT?”

mocemul SekiTxvaze gansxvavebuli pasuxebia gacemuli kacobriobis istoriis sxvadasxva

periodSi, samecniero da filosofiuri azrovnebis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze. zoga-

dad, dasjis sami argumenti ikveTeba:

1. sazRauris gadaxdis aucilebloba. dasja ukavSirdeba braleulobas da pasuxismge-

blobas. damnaSave imsaxurebs dasjas da sazogadoeba danaSaulisadmi sakuTar damokide-

bulebas swored damnaSavis dasjiT gamoxatavs. es cneba proporciulobis dacvasac gu-

lisxmobs, rac icavs damnaSaves gadametebuli sasjelisagan. dasjis mizania samarTliano-

bis aRdgena.

2. Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi qmedebis aRkveTa. dasjis saSualebiT xdeba potenciuri

damnaSaveebisaTvis Setyobinebis gagzavna, rom maT igive moeliT, Tu kanonsawinaaRmdego

saqciels Caidenen. dasjis mizania danaSaulis gavrcelebis aRkveTa.

3. reabilitacia. danaSaulia, rogorc daxmarebis moTxovna. damnaSaves sWirdeba

mkurnaloba, da ara dasja. am SemTxvevaSi, mizania damnaSavis xelSewyoba ise, rom man aRar

Caidinos danaSauli da SeZlos sazogadoebasTan integrireba.

msoflios penitencialuri sistemebi mkveTrad gansxvavdeba swored am sami principis

sxvadasxvagvari dabalansebis mixedviT, rogorc axalgazrda, ise zrdasruli damnaSaveebis

mimarT. bevri, Tumca ara yvela, qveyana aRiarebs reabilitacias, rogorc upirveles pri-

oritets. mniSvnelovani sakiTxia imis gansazRvrac, Tu vinaa zrdasruli damnaSave da vin

- arasrulwlovani. evrosabWo ganmsazRvrel asakad asaxelebs 18 wels da iSveliebs bavSvTa

uflebebis konvencias (ix. damxmare masala maswavleblisaTvis).

am gakveTilSi ganxilulia dasjis samive argumenti induqciuri midgomis gamoyenebiT.

moswavleebi diskusias marTaven axalgazrda damnaSavis istoriis garSemo da msjeloben

sam argumentze, maT zegavlenaze da maT Soris balansze. sasurvelia, diskusiamde, an dis-

kusiis Semdeg, maswavlebelma auxsnas moswavleebs am sami argumentis arsi.

am gakveTilma, SesaZloa, safuZveli Cauyaros proeqts, romelsac kidev ori gakveTili

dasWirdeba. proeqti unda mieZRvnas sam arguments Soris balansis ganxilvas im kanonebis

mixedviT, romelic qveyanaSi moqmedebs axalgazrda danmaSaveebis dasasjelad.

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klass gauziaron:

_ ra sasjels imsaxurebs Y?

_ SegacvlevinaT azri damatebiTma informaciam? Tu SegacvlevinaT, rogor?

Semdeg maswavlebeli diskusias marTavs da ekiTxeba klass:

_ ra faqtorebi unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli kanonSi, romelic danaSaulis CamdenisaTvis sasjelis zomas gansazRvravs?

_ Tqveni azriT, kanoni unda ganasxvavebdes Tu ara axalgazrdebs zrdasrulebi-sagan? ratom?

da bolos, saSiano davaleba: moswavleebma unda moifiqron danaSaulebrivi SemTxveva, romelic am bolo periodSi moxda (televiziiT mosmenili, gazeTSi wakiTx-uli) da axalgazrda iqna braldebuli; Semdeg unda gansazRvron zedmetad mkacri iyo, Tu zedmetad lmobieri sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba. moswavleebma SerCeuli SemTxvevis Sesaxeb werilobiT unda Camoayalibon sakuTari mosazrebebi da moma-val gakveTilze gaacnon klaselebs. moswavleebma davalebaSi kargad unda axsnan is faqtorebi, ramac maTi damokidebulebis Camoyalibebaze imoqmeda. magaliTad, es SeiZleba iyos avtosagzao SemTxveva, romelSic alkoholis zegavlenis qveS myofi axalgazrda daadanaSaules.

kanons Tqven adgenT

`leonardi da tomi 15 wlis iyvnen da erT skolaSi dadiodnen. isini erTmaneTs ukve didi xania, icnobdnen, Tumca erTmaneTs ver ewyobodnen.

erT dRes toms mobiluri telefoni daekarga da mis moparvaSi leonardi daadan-aSaula. leonardma ganacxada, rom mas ar mouparavs mobiluri da dasZina, rom toms misi Surda, radgan leonards bevri megobari hyavda.

im dRes, gakveTilebis Semdeg gaimarTa Cxubi. tomma dana amoiRo, leonards ki ar hqonda iaraRi. Cxubis dros tomma leonards saxeze iseTi Wriloba miayena, rom es ukanaskneli mTeli cxovreba am naiareviT dadioda~.

davaleba

ra iqneboda samarTliani sasjeli tomisaTvis? ganixileT es SekiTxva jgufSi da werilobiT CamoayalibeT sasjeli, romelsac kanoni aseTi danaSaulisaTvis unda iTvaliswinebdes (iqmneba kanonis samuSao varianti).

damatebiTi informacia

1. toms Zalian mkacrad zrdidnen; mas mama xSirad scemda. es informacia axdens Tu ara gavlenas tomis sasjelis zomasTan dakavSirebul

Tqvens gadawyvetilebaze? ra gavlenas? saWiroebisamebr, SecvaleT kanonis samuSao varianti.

2. tomi klasSi izolirebuli iyo da aravin aqcevda yuradRebas mis problemebs.es informacia axdens Tu ara gavlenas tomis sasjelis zomasTan dakavSirebul


3. leonardma marTla moipara tomis mobiluri telefoni da Semdeg Tavad daiwyo Cxubi, radgan tomma amis Sesaxeb policiaSi ganacxada.

es informacia axdens Tu ara gavlenas tomis sasjelis zomasTan dakavSirebul

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4. leonardi im dajgufebis meTauri iyo, romelic toms yovelTvis Cagravda. am dajgufebas araerTxel miuyenebia fizikuri Seuracxyofa tomisaTvis (cema, joxis dartyma, jaWviT dabma da a.S.). SiSi toms RamiTac ki ar aZlevda mosvenebas da sko-laSi wasvlac ki Semzaravi iyo misTvis.

es informacia axdens Tu ara gavlenas tomis sasjelis zomasTan dakavSirebul Tqvens gadawyvetilebaze? ra gavlenas? saWiroebisamebr, SecvaleT kanonis samuSao varianti.

5. mama yovelTvis eubneboda toms, rom is Zalian susti iyo da leonards mkacrad unda gasworeboda.


6. tomma mxolod imitom amoiRo dana, rom SeeSinebina biWebi; mas arc ki ufiqria danis gamoyeneba. am dros iqve idga 20 axalgazrda, romelic biWebs Cxubisaken aqe-zebda.


7. Cxubamde ori dRiT adre maswavlebelma SeamCnia, rom toms dana hqonda. maswavleb-els tomisaTvis araferi ukiTxavs danis Sesaxeb.


moswavleebi sakuTar jgufebSi irCeven erT moswavles, romelic jgufis saxeliT isaubrebs. es moswavle jgufis namuSevars (kanonis samuSao variants) mTeli klasis winaSe warmoadgens. moswavleebs gacnobierebuli unda hqondeT is sakiTxebi, rom-lebic marTlmsajulebis dadgenas ukavSirdeba:

_ rogor vaCvenebT, rom sazogadoeba uaryofiTad udgeba aseT saqciels?

_ rogor unda SevqmnaT skolaSi usafrTxo garemo?

_ rogor unda davsajoT tomi, raTa man aRar gamoiyenos iaraRi da aseTi cudi magaliTi aRar misces leonardis dajgufebasac?

_ tomis saqcieli niSania imisa, rom es bavSvi iyo sasowarkveTili. mas xom ar SeeZlo sakuTari ojaxis arCeva. rogor unda davexmaroT toms, rom man Tavi bedierad igrZnos da momavalSi iaraRis gamoyeneba aRar dasWirdes?

diskusiis Sejamebisas, maswavlebelma es SekiTxvebi SeiZleba daukavSiros zemoT moyvanil sam princips: sazRauris gadaxdis aucilebloba, Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi qmedebis aRkveTa da reabilitacia. bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciidan gamomdinare, maswavlebels SeuZlia, upiratesoba mianiWos reabilitacias.

Tu aris sakmarisi dro, moswavleebs SeuZliaT, gaagrZelon am sakiTxze muSaoba. miT umetes, Tu isini ver Tanxmdebian, dasjis romeli principi unda iqnas gamoy-enebuli am SemTxvevaSi. aseve, maT SeuZliaT, Seiswavlon sakuTari kanonmdebloba dasjis am sami principis WrilSi _ sazRauris gadaxdis aucilebloba, Semdgomi da-naSaulebrivi qmedebis aRkveTa da reabilitacia.

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gakveTili 4mtkicebulebebira mtkicebulebebi unda aRiaros sasamarTlom?

swavlis mizani _ sasamarTloSi mtkicebulebis warmodgenis wesebis gaazreba.

moswavlis davaleba _ ganxilva imisa, Tu ra tipis mtkicebulebebi unda gaiTvaliswinos sasamarTlom.

saWiro masala _ sadiskusio baraTebi (moswavlis samuSao furceli 8.2) 4-6 moswavlisagan Semdgari jgufebisaTvis.


gakveTili

gakveTilis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli Semdeg winadadebas warmoudgens moswavleebs, rogorc zepirad, ise werilobiTi formiT (dafaze an flipCartze dawerili):

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, imsjelon am konvenciaze. maswavlebeli mos-wavleebs imis gaazrebaSi unda daexmaros, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania samarTliani marTlmsajulebisaTvis am konvenciis dacva. am gakveTilze moswavleebi ganixilaven sasamarTloze mtkicebulebis warmodgenis wesebs.

moswavleebi 4-6 kacian jgufebs qmnian. Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs awvdis informacias sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

sasamarTlo ganxilvis Sesaxeb. axalgazrda mamakacs, manuels, brals sdeben imaSi, rom man moipara batoni qeis manqana, romelic erT saRamos batoni qeis saxlis mimde-bare teritoriidan gauCinarda. meore dilas ki, manqana soflis ganapiras aRmoaCines _ viRacas manqanaze benzini gadaesxa da daewva. ramdenime dRis Semdeg policiam manueli daakava da brali wauyena qurdobasa da materialuri zaralis miyenebaSi.

Semdeg maswavlebeli jgufebs sadiskusio baraTebs urigebs. TiToeul baraTze datanilia is mtkicebuleba, romelsac prokuratura manuelis braleulobis dasamt-kiceblad iyenebs.

maswavlebeli jgufebs sTxovs:

_ ganaxorcielon mtkicebulebebis klasifikacia yvelaze Zlieridan yvelaze sus-tisaken;

informacia

sisxlis samarTlis sistemis erT-erTi ZiriTadi elementi aris im wesebis erToblioba,

romelic gansazRvravs, Tu ra tipis mtkicebulebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba sasamarTloSi

imisaTvis, rom samarTliani marTlmsajuleba Sedges. magaliTad, ramdenad mizanSewonilia

`gagonili” (mtkicebuleba, romelsac TviTmxilvelebi ar adastureben, magram gadmocemiT

aris cnobili) an wamebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebis gamoyeneba?

àdamiani manam iTvleba udanaSaulod, sanam misi danaSauli kanonis mixedviT ar iqneba

damtkicebuli.~

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia (1950), muxli 6, #2

162


_ gadawyviton, Tu aris mizanSewonili, rom ar iyos gaTvaliswinebuli zogierTi mtkicebuleba, maTi ararelevanturobis, an arasamarTlianobis gamo.

jgufebi sakuTar mosazrebebs gamoxataven klasis winaSe da Tanxmdebian im mtkicebulebebze, romlebic sasamarTloze unda iyos warmodgenili da im mtkiceb-ulebebzec, romlebic ar unda gavides sasamarTloze.

Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, qvemoT moyvanil or sakiTxze dafiqrdnen:

_ ra SekiTxvebi unda dausvan sasamarTloze manuelsa da TviTmxilvelebs? ratom?

_ aris iseTi SekiTxvebi, romelTa dasmac arasamarTliani iqneboda? romeli SekiTxvebis? ratom?

jgufebi klasis winaSe warmoadgenen sakuTar mosazrebebs. erToblivi muSaobis Sedegad, moswavleebi ayalibeben SekiTxvebis nusxas, romelTa das-mac sasamarTlo procesze aramizanSewonili iqneboda.

Tu aris sakmarisi dro, SesaZlebelia, es gakveTili kvleviT davalebamde mivides: moswavleebma unda moiZion mtkicebulebis warmodgenis wesebi saku-Tar qveyanaSi da Semdeg gakveTilze klass am wesebis Sesaxeb moaxsenon.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 8.1kiTxvari: ra asakidan

Tqveni qveynis kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, ra asakidan SeuZlia axalgazrdas:

aiRos marTvis mowmoba?1.

daqorwindes?2.

miiRos monawileoba arCevnebSi (xmis micemis ufleba)?3.

daiwyos SeiaraRebul jarebSi samsaxuri?4.

gadaixados gadasaxadebi?5.

kenWi iyaros politikuri Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad?6.

moxvdes cixeSi?7.

miatovos skola?8.

iSvilos bavSvi?9.

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moswavlis samuSao furceli 8.2sadiskusio baraTebi

policieli acxadebs, rom manuelma dakiTx-vaze aRiara manqanis moparva.

axalgazrda mamakaci acxadebs, rom manueli yovelTvis manqanebis moparvaze saubrobda da amiT iwonebda Tavs.

axalgazrda qalbatoni acxadebs, rom mois-mina misi megobris satelefono saubari manu-elTan. qalbatonis megobari manuels batoni qeis manqanis moparvaze elaparakeboda.

batoni qei acxadebs, rom darwmunebulia manuelis borotmoqmedebaSi, radgan qeis ojaxisadmi manuels siZulvili amoZravebda. es siZulvili ki saTaves im dRidan iRebs, roca batonma qeim manuels mis qaliSvilTan Sexvedra aukrZala.

manuelis erT-erTi maswavlebeli acxadebs, rom araerTxel daunaxavs, Tu manueli skol-idan rogor iparavda sxvadasxva sagans.

manuels ar hyavs mowme, romelic daadas-turebda, rom danaSaulis saRamos is saxlSi iyo.

roca prokurorma qeis mezobels hkiTxa: ìm saRamos, dainaxeT manuelis msgavsi garegno-bis adamiani, romelsac batoni qeis manqana mihyavda?”, miiRo Semdegi pasuxi: `ki, namd-vilad.”

8.1 damxmare masala maswavleblisaTvisintegracia kriminalad aRiarebisa da dasjis nacvlad

Tomas hamarbergi, adamianis uflebaTa komisari, evrosabWo

evropuli qveynebis umetesobaSi Tineijerebi gansakuTrebuli kriminaluri aq-tiurobiT ar gamoirCevian. amasTanave, Cvens kontinentze arasrulwlovanTa mier Cadenili danaSaulis statistika yovelwliurad mniSvnelovnad ar icvleba.

es, ra Tqma unda, ar niSnavs imas, rom problema mniSvnelovani ar aris. mravali qveynis monacemebis mixedviT, rac dro gadis, axalgazrdebi ufro da ufro daun-dobel danaSaulebs sCadian. es, TavisTavad, ukve aris gamafrTxilebeli signali. [...].

amJamad, evropaSi ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba fiqsirdeba. pirveli, kriminaluri pasuxismgeblobis asakobrivi zRvaris Semcireba, rac gulisxmobs axalgazrdebis ufro adreul asakSi dapatimrebas. meore, gaeros bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis mixedviT, kriminalizaciis uaryofa da patimrobis socialuri, ojaxis principze dafuZnebuli, alternativebis Seqmna.

dRes Tqvens yuradRebas meore midgomaze SevaCereb. am midgomas ara mxolod gaeros bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia uWers mxars, aramed, agreTve, bavSvTa saxalxo damcvelebis evropuli qseli. 2003 wels gamoqveynebul mimarTvaSi, 21 qveynis sax-alxo damcvelma gaamaxvila yuradReba im faqtze, rom bavSvi, romelmac danaSauli Caidina, upirveles yovlisa, bavSvia, romelsac aqvs sakuTari uflebebi.

maT Semoitanes winadadeba, rom kriminaluri pasuxismgeblobis asakma ki ar unda daiwios, aramed gaizardos da miaRwios 18 wels. 18 wlamde damnaSaveebisadmi mopy-robis inovaciuri sistema ki unda gulisxmobdes aqcentebs maT ganaTlebaze, rein-

164


tegraciasa da reabilitaciaze. bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia, romelic yvela evropuli qveynis mieraa rati-

ficirebuli, mTavrobebisagan moiTxovs, rom maT daadginon is minimaluri zRvari, romlis qvemoTac bavSvs ar SeuZlia danaSaulis Cadena. am konvenciaSi ar aris dafiq-sirebuli es asaki. miuxedvad amisa, komiteti, romelic am konvenciis Sesrulebis monitorings axorcielebs, gamoxatavs wuxils im faqtTan dakavSirebiT, rom bevr qveyanaSi es zRvari Zalian dabalia. evropuli qveynebis umetesobaSi, bavSvi krimi-naluri pasuxismgeblobis matarebelia 12, 15 an 16 wlidan. Tumca aris SemTxvevebi, roca kriminaluri pasuxismgebloba bavSvs ekisreba 7, 8 an 10 wlis asakidanac.

gaeros bavSvTa konvenciis mixedviT, bavSvTa kriminalizacia acilebul unda iqnas, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom damnaSave arasrulwlovnebs ise epy-robodnen, TiTqos maT pasuxismgebloba ar gaaCniaT. piriqiT, arasrulwlovne-bi pasuxismgebelni arian TavianT qmedebebze da maT SeuZliaT, monawileoba miiRon Cadenili danaSaulis gamosworebaSi.

SekiTxva mdgomareobs SemdegSi: ra proceduram unda Caanacvlos sisxlis samarTlis normebiT gaTvaliswinebuli procedurebi aseT SemTxvevebSi. ra Tqma unda, aucilebelia miyenebuli zaralis aRiareba da axalgazrdisaTvis imis axsna, rom misi saqcieli ar aris misaRebi. Sesabamisad, unda arsebob-des meqanizmi, romelic danaSauls aRiarebs da awesebs reabilitaciis san-qciebs.

sanqciebis dawesebis procedura unda gansxvavdebodes Cveulebrivi sisx-lis samarTlebrivi procedurisagan. arasrulwlovanTa gasamarTlebisas ar unda iyos dadgenili samagieros mizRvis principi. mizani aris is, rom dawes-des pasuxismgebloba da, amave dros, xeli Seewyos arasrulwlovanTa reinte-gracias. arasrulwlovanma unda gaiazros Cadenili danaSauli da aRar gaime-oros is.

amis miRweva rTulia. saWiroa inovaciuri da efeqturi sazogadoebri-vi sanqciebi. am procesSi, sasurvelia, CarTulni iyvnen damnaSavis mSoblebi an meurveebi, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es ukuSedegis gamomwvevi ar iqneba. aseve, yovelTvis SesaZlebeli unda iyos im danaSaulis apelacia, romelic bavSvis braleulobas ukavSirdeba.

sloveniaSi `Suamavlobis” saintereso proceduras iyeneben: prokuror-Tan, dazaralebulTan da damnaSavesTan SeTanxmebiT, arasrulwlovnis saqme gadaecema mediators, romelic molaparakebis gziT agvarebs saqmes ise, rom is sasamarTlomde ar midis.

kidev erT sakiTxs unda gavusvaT xazi, esaa danaSaulze drouli reagire-ba. gaWianurebuli saqmeebi, rac evropaSi xSir SemTxvevas warmoadgens, axal-gazrda damnaSaveebisaTvis Zalian araxelsayreli, radgan isini gadaudebel daxmarebas saWiroeben. [...]

Tomas hamarbergi, adamianis uflebaTa komisari, evrosabWo. nawyveti gamosvlidan

àrasrulwlovani damnaSaveebi da maTi uflebebi”, evropel generalur prokurorTa

konferencia, moskovi, 5-6 ivlisi, 2006 weli. wyaro: http://www.coe.int/t/commissioner/

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8.2 damxmare masala maswavleblisaTvisbavSvTa uflebebis konvenciamiRebulia gaeros generaluri asambleis mier 1989 wlis 20 noembers.

`muxli 37

monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen, rom:

a) bavSvi ar iyos wamebis, saerTod, sastiki, araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobis an sasjelis msxverpli. sikvdiliT dasja an mudmivi patimroba, romel-ic ar iTvaliswinebs ganTavisuflebis SesaZleblobas, ar SeiZleba Seefardos 18 wlamde asakis pirTa mier Cadenil danaSaulebebs;

b) bavSvs ar unda aRekveTos Tavisufleba ukanonod an TviTneburad. bavSvis dapatim-reba, dakaveba an cixeSi moTavseba xorcieldeba kanonis Tanaxmad da ganixileba, rogorc mxolod ukiduresi zoma minimaluri periodis ganmavlobaSi;

g) yovel TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvs unda epyrobodnen humanurad da Rirsebis pativiscemiT, ise, rom gaTvaliswinebuli iyos misi asakis pirTa moTxovnilebebi. kerZod, yoveli TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvi unda gancalkevdes ufrosebisa-gan, Tu ar miiCneva, rom Tavad bavSvis interesebisaTvis amis gakeTeba ar aris saWiro; bavSvs unda hqondes ufleba, kavSiri iqonios Tavis ojaxTan mimoweris an Sexvedrebis formiT, gansakuTrebul garemoebaTa gamoklebiT;

d) yovel TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvs unda hqondes ufleba, dauyonebliv miiRos samarTlebrivi da sxva Sesabamisi daxmareba, agreTve, ufleba, gaaprotestos misi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis kanoniereba sasamarTlos an sxva kompetenturi damoukide-beli da miukerZoebeli organos winaSe. maT ki dauyonebliv unda gamoitanon gad-awyvetileba nebismieri aseTi procesualuri qmedebis Taobaze.~

`muxli 40

(...) 3. monawile saxelmwifoebi cdiloben, xeli Seuwyon im bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli kanonebis, procedurebis, organoebisa da dawesebulebebis Camoyalibebas, rom-lebmac daarRvies sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba an eWvmitanilebad iTvlebian mis darRvevaSi, kerZod:

a) minimaluri asakis dadgenas, romlis miRwevamdec, rogorc iTvleba, bavSvebs ara aqvT sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis darRvevis unari;

b) roca es aucilebeli da sasurvelia, aseTi bavSvebis mimarT zomebis miRebas sasa-marTlo ganxilvis gareSe, adamianis uflebaTa da samarTlebrivi garantiebis sruli dacviT.

4. aucilebelia iseTi RonisZiebebis xelmisawvdomoba, rogorebicaa: meurveobisa da meTvalyureobis meqanizmi, sakonsultacio momsaxureba, gamosacdeli vadis daniS-vna, aRzrda, swavlebisa da profesiuli momzadebis programebi da movlis iseTi formebi, romlebic, SeiZleba, dawesebulebebSi movlas Seenacvlos. am RonisZiebaTa mizania bavSvisadmi imgvari mopyrobis uzrunvelyofa, romelic Seesabameba bavSvis keTildReobis interesebs, mis mdgomareobasa da danaSaulis xasiaTs.~

wyaro: rolf golobi/piter krafi: bavSvTa uflebebi. gakveTilebi dawyebiTi

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klasis moswavleebisaTvis. swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb, wigni V, strasburgi 2007, gv. 77

damatebiTi sakiTxavi: sindi benqsi, sisxlis samarTlis eTika, sauzend oaqsi, 2004. am wignis me-5 Tavis eleqtronuli versia xelmisawvdomia veb-gverdze: http://www.sagepub.com

Tavi 9mTavroba da politika

rogori unda iyos qveynis mmarTveloba?

9.1 vin aris pasuxismgebeli?romelia qveynis marTvis saukeTeso gza?

9.2 Tqven rom prezidenti iyoT...risTvis arsebobs mTavroba?

9.3 me da Cemi funqciebiras unda elodes qveyana moqalaqeebisagan?

9.4 moswavleTa parlamentirogor unda skolis marTva?

168


Tavi 9. mTavroba da politika.


politika aris procesi, romlis saSualebiTac adamianTa sazogadoeba aRwevs SeTanxmebas erToblivi cxovrebis organizaciis sakiTxebze. es procesi moicavs rogorc molaparakebasa da dayoliebas, ise saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRwevis meqanizmebs, magaliTad, xmis micemas. politika gulisxmobs Zalauflebas, uflebam-osilebasa da iZulebas imisaTvis, rom aRsruldes koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebebi.

politika winaswargansazRvrulia saxelmwifo institutebiTa da im urTierTo-bebiT, romelic saxelmwifosa da moqalaqeebs Soris arsebobs. es urTierTobebi sxvadasxva politikur sistemaSi sxvadasxva formas iRebs, rogorebicaa: monarqia, demokratia, totalitaruli wyoba.

demokratiuli wyobis pirobebSi, moqalaqeebs aqvT politikuri Tanasworoba. koleqtiuri gadawyvetilebebis miReba xorcieldeba xmis micemiT; SeiZleba xmas aZlevdnen moqalaqeebi, an maT mier arCeuli warmomadgenlebi. demokratiuli poli-tika mxolod xmis micemis principiT ar Semoifargleba. sagulisxmoa debatebisa da ganxilvis kultura, rac saSualebas aZlevs moqalaqeebs, gamoxaton sakuTari mosaz-rebebi mniSvnelovan sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.

demokratiul wyobaSi aucilebelia saxelmwifo institutebis saTanado funq-cionireba da moqalaqeTa mier sakuTari pasuxismgeblobebis jerovnad Sesruleba. aseve, sayuradReboa demokratiul qveyanaSi individualuri dawesebulebebis (magal-iTad, skolebis) demokratiuli marTvis sakiTxebi.

es gakveTili moicavs saSinao davalebas, romelic moswavleebs am miznebis miR-wevas gauadvilebs. SesaZloa, klasSi iyos Zalian bevri SekiTxva, msjeloba da axs-na-ganmarteba. maswavleblis gadasawyvetia, daumatebs Tu ara am Temas kidev erT, mexuTe gakveTils. drois naklebobis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels SeuZlia, werilo-biTi davalebebi mosTxovos moswavleebs, gaasworos isini da saTanado SeniSvnebiT daubrunos ukan.

am tipis dagegmareba ganxilulia me-4 gakveTilSi.



_ gaiazron saxelmwifos marTvis sxvadasxva forma da maTi mimarTeba moqalaqeebTan;

_ ukeT gaacnobieron mTavrobis funqciebi da moqalaqeTa pasuxismgeblobebi;

_ gaecnon demokratiuli mmarTvelobisaTvis damaxasiaTebel procesebs;

_ ufro meti informacia miiRon sakuTar qveyanaSi arsebul politikur sistemaze.

169

Tavi 9. mTavroba da politika

Tavi 9: mTavroba da politika




gakveTili 1: vin aris pasux-ismgebeli?

moswavleebi iReben codnas sxvadasxva tipis mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb, magaliTad, demokratia da diqta-toruli wyoba.

warmosaxviTi sa-zogadoebis magali-Tze, moswavleebi msjeloben mmarT-velobis sistemis samarTlianobaze.

moswavlis samuSao furcel 9.1-is aslebi yvela moswav-lisaTvisqaRaldebi da kalmebi.

moTxroba. wyvilebSi muSaoba. mTeli kla-sis diskusia. formaluri debatebi.

gakveTili 2: Tqven rom prezidenti iyoT...

moswavleebs SeuZliaT, axsnan mTavrobis pasuxismgeblobebi da funqciebi.

moswavleebi war-moidgenen, rom isini qmnian mTav-robas. maT unda moifiqron, Tu rogor gankargaven saxelwifo saxs-rebs. moswavleebi msjeloben so-cialur idealebze, romlis miRwevac mniSvnelovani iqne-boda.

didi zomis qaRaldi, mark-erebi dafurclebi demokratiul saxelmwifoSi misaRwevi so-cialuri ide-alebis nusxiT,yoveli 4-6 kaciani jgu-fisaTvis.

posterebi. prezen-taciebi. mcire zomis jgufebSi muSaoba. mTeli kla-sis diskusia.

gakveTili 3: me da Cemi funqciebi

moswavleebi swavlo-ben moqalaqeTa mova-leobebs demokratiul sazogadoebaSi.

moswavleebi ganixi-laven moqalaqeTa pasuxismgeblobebs da im gzebs, romel-ic moqalaqeebs daarwmunebda, rom sakuTar pasuxismge-blobebs meti se-riozulobiT unda moekidon.

sadiskusio baraTebi (moswavlis samuSao furceli 9.2),didi zomis qaRaldi damarkerebi 4-6 moswavlisa-gan Semdgari TiToeuli jgu-fisaTvis.

prezen-taciebi. mcire zomis jgufebSi muSaoba. mTeli kla-sis diskusia.

gakveTili 4: moswavleTa parlamenti

moswavleebi SeimuSaveben skolis marTvis kriteriumebs da marTvis procesSi moswavleTa rols gan-sazRvraven.

moswavleebi war-moidgenen imas, Tu rogor imuSavebda maTi parlamenti.

kiTxvari yvela moswavlisaTvis (moswavlis samuSao furceli 9.3)

didi zomis qaRaldi, markerebi 4-6 moswavlisa-gan Semdgari TiToeuli jgufisaTvis.

prezenta-ciebi. indi-vidualuri muSaoba. mcire zomis jgufebSi da mTeli kla-sis diskus-iebi.

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gakveTili 1vin aris pasuxismgebeli?romelia qveynis marTvis saukeTeso gza?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebi iReben codnas sxvadasxva tipis mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb, magaliTad, demokratia da diqtatoruli wyoba.

moswavlis davaleba _ warmosaxviTi sazogadoebis magaliTze, moswavleebi msjeloben mmarTvelobis sistemis samarTlianobaze.

saWiro masala – moswavlis samuSao furcel 9.1-is aslebi yvela moswavlisaTvis, qaRal-debi da kalmebi.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ moTxroba. wyvilebSi muSaoba. mTeli klasis diskusia. formaluri debatebi.

gakveTili

maswavlebeli gakveTils iwyebs moTxroba `sikalis samefos~ kiTxviT (moswavlis samuSao furceli 9.1). yvela moswavles unda hqondes am moTxrobis asli, raTa, mas-wavleblis kiTxvis paralelurad, teqsts Tvali miadevnos.

maswavlebeli moTxrobis SuaSi Cerdeba da kiTxulobs:

_ im informaciis mixedviT, romelic axla miiReT, ras fiqrobT sikalSi cxovrebaze?

moTxrobis bolos maswavlebeli kiTxulobs:

_ axla ras fiqrobT sikalSi cxovrebaze?

maswavlebeli moswavleebs wyvilebad hyofs da sTxovs maT, imsjelon sikalSi cxovrebis xarisxze. moswavleebs urigdebaT qaRaldebi, romelzec maT unda Camoweron sikalSi cxovrebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi.

maswavlebeli wyvilebs sTxovs, sakuTari mosazrebebi mTeli klasis winaSe war-moadginon da am ZiriTad sakiTxebs yvelasTvis kargad dasanaxad wers.

Semdeg maswavlebeli klass sTxovs, dafiqrdnen sikalis mmarTvelobis sistemaze:

_ fiqrobT, rom sikals samarTliani mmarTveloba aqvs? ratom?

_ Tu migaCniaT, rom am qveynis marTva ufro samarTliani formiTac SeiZleba, xom ver daakonkretebdiT, ra cvlilebebis gatareba iqneboda saWiro meti samar-Tlianobis misaRwevad?

Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, warmoidginon, rom sikalis macxovre-blebi arian. debatebis warmarTvis mizniT, klasi or jgufad iyofa. erTi jgufi arsebuli sistemis gagrZelebis momxrea, xolo meore jgufi Tvlis, rom aucile-

ZiriTadi cnebebi

mmarTvelobis formebis klasifikacia sxvadasxvagvari SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad, imis

mixedviT, Tu vis xelSia Zalaufleba, rogor nawildeba Zalaufleba xalxze, rogor xdeba

kanonis aRsruleba. mmarTvelobis ZiriTadi tipebia: demokratia, monarqia, Teokratia da

tirania/diqtatura. erT qveyanaSi, SeiZleba, sxvadasxva tipis mmarTveloba Tanaarsebobdes.

magaliTad, saparlamento demokratiaSi SeiZleba iyos diqtaturis an monarqiis elemen-

tebi.

171


belia, qveynis moqalaqeebma miiRon gadawyvetilebebi da qveyanas ar hyavdes erT-pirovnuli mmarTveli. maswavlebeli jgufebs aZlevs ramdenime wuTs, raTa maT saku-Tari poziciis gasamyarebeli argumentebi Camoweron. jgufebi erTmaneTis pirispir sxdebian da iwyeba debatebi. moswavleebi TiToeuli jgufidan rigrigobiT warmoad-genen sakuTar argumentebs. debatebSi maT daexmarebaT `mosaubre joxi~, romelic SeiZleba eWiros im moswavles, romelic sityviT gamodis.

debatebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli moswavleebs ekiTxeba mosazrebebs. klasi wyvets, Tu romeli mxaris pozicia iyo ukeT daculi.

axla moswavleebi mzad arian mokle axsna-ganmartebisaTvis (induqciuri midgo-ma). maswavlebeli Camowers mmarTvelobis xuT tips da uxsnis moswavleebs, Tu riTi gansxvavdebian isini erTmaneTisagan:

_ monarqia;

_ demokratia;

_ diqtatura;

_ Teokratia;

_ anarqia.

gakveTili sruldeba imiT, rom moswavleebi gansazRvraven sakuTari qveynis mmarTvelobis formas. saSinao davaleba: moswavleebma meti informacia unda moiZ-ion am TemasTan dakavSirebiT da moamzadon testi (5-10 SekiTxva), raTa momaval gakveTilze Tanaklaselebis codna Seamowmon.

gakveTili 2Tqven rom prezidenti iyoT...risTvis arsebobs mTavroba?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebs SeuZliaT, axsnan mTavrobis pasuxismgeblobebi da funqciebi.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi warmoidgenen, rom isini qmnian mTavrobas. maT unda moifiqron, Tu rogor gankargaven saxelwifo saxsrebs. moswavleebi msjeloben so-cialur idealebze, romlis miRwevac mniSvnelovani iqneboda.

saWiro masala _ didi zomis qaRaldi, markerebi da patara furclebi yoveli 4-6 kaciani jgufisaTvis.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ posterebi. prezentaciebi. mcire zomis jgufebSi muSaoba. mTeli klasis diskusia.

ZiriTadi cnebebi

demokratiul sazogadoebaSi mTavroba sayovelTao keTildReobaze zrunavs, rac gu-

lisxmobs ufro mets, vidre umravlesobis interesebis dacvaa. sayovelTao keTildReoba

sazogadoebis yvela wevris keTildReobas niSnavs. am cnebis praqtikuli mniSvneloba ganx-

ilvis sagans warmoadgens. socialur idealebTan dakavSirebiT, sxvadasxva, xSirad urT-

ierTdapirispirebuli mosazrebebi arsebobs, magaliTad, socialuri keTildReoba, usa-

frTxoeba, samarTlianoba, socialuri harmonia, adamianis uflebebi, materialuri keTil-

dReoba. sabiujeto saxsrebis xarjviT nawilSi am sakiTxebis realuri prioritetizacia

rTulia. gansakuTrebiT, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mTavrobis gankargulebaSi arsebuli

resursebi, rogorc wesi, mwiria.

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gakveTili

gakveTilis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli moswavleebs 4-6 kacian jgufebad yofs. TiToeul jgufs aqvs markeri da didi zomis furceli.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, warmoidginon, rom momavalSi cxovroben da maT saxelmwifos marTva daevalaT. sxva sityvebiT, isini mTavrobis wevrebi arian. maTi mTavrobis gankargulebaSia 6 miliardi aSS dolari (maswavlebels SeuZlia, qveynis realuri biujeti dausaxelos moswavleebs da am biujetis farglebSi sTxo-vos muSaoba).

jgufebis davalebaa imis gansazRvra, Tu rogor unda daixarjos es fuli mo-maval wels. moswavleebi iyeneben didi zomis qaRaldebsa da markerebs da qmnian posters, romelzec naCvenebia, Tu rogor gaanawilebs fuls mTavroba. moswavleTa TiToeuli jgufi danarCenebs warmoudgens Tavis naazrevs. TiToeuli prezentaciis Semdeg moswavleebi erTmaneTs SekiTxvebs usvamen.

maswavlebelic svams SekiTxvebs ise, rom moswavleebs miawodos axali informacia qveynis ekonomikis funqcionirebasTan dakavSirebiT, magaliTad:

_ is Tu gaiTvaliswineT, rom fulis nawilis gadaxda saWiro iqneba ucxouri valebis dasafarad?

_ samuSao adgilebis Seqmnaze daxarjavT fuls?

_ ramdenad mniSvnelovania saxelmwifosaTvis fulis xarjva ganaTlebaze?

maswavlebeli muSaobs mTel klasTan erTad, rom Camoayalibos im sferoTa nusxa, romelTa dafinansebac mTavrobis saqmea.

Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, daubrundnen sakuTar jgufebs. maT urigdebaT furclebi, romlebzec Camowerilia demokratiul saxelmwifoSi misaRw-evi socialuri idealebi:

_ keTildReoba;

_ usafrTxoeba;

_ samarTlianoba;

_ socialuri harmonia;

_ adamianis uflebebis dacva;

_ materialuri keTildReoba.

jgufebma unda daakavSiron es idealebi sabiujeto danaxarjebTan, romlebic ukve gaweres.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, mTeli klasis winaSe warmoadginon sakuTari analizis Sedegebi. bolos, maswavlebeli Semdeg SekiTxvas svams:

_ Tqveni azriT, ra aris mTavrobis yvelaze mniSvnelovani pasuxismgebloba?

saSinao davaleba: informaciis mopoveba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor ixarjeba qveya-naSi sabiujeto saxsrebi. es monacemebi moswavleebma SeiZleba moiZion sxvadasxva wyarodan. momavali gakveTilis dasawyisSi moswavleebi sakuTari Ziebis Sedegebs warmoadgenen da msjeloben imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad emTxveva maTi prioritetebi qveynis amJamindeli mTavrobis mier SerCeul prioritetebs.

173


gakveTili 3me da Cemi funqciebiras unda elodes qveyana moqalaqeebisagan?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebi swavloben moqalaqeTa movaleobebs demokratiul sazogadoebaSi.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi ganixilaven moqalaqeTa pasuxismgeblobebs da im gzebs, romlebic moqalaqeebs daarwmunebda, rom sakuTar pasuxismgeblobebs meti seriozulobiT unda moekidon.

saWiro masala _ sadiskusio baraTebi (moswavlis samuSao furceli 9.2), didi zomis qaRaldi, markerebi 4-6 moswavlisagan Semdgari TiToeuli jgufisaTvis.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ prezentaciebi. mcire zomis jgufebSi muSaoba da mTeli klasis diskusia.

gakveTili

maswavlebeli gakveTils moswavleTa 4-6 kacian jgufebad dayofiT iwyebs. TiToeul jgufs urigdeba sadiskusio baraTebi (moswavlis samuSao furceli 9.2). yovel baraTze mocemulia moqalaqis erTi pasuxismgebloba.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, baraTebi sam kategoriad gadaanawilon imis mixedviT, Tu vis unda daekisros es pasuxismgebloba:

1. yvela moqalaqes;

2. zog moqalaqes;

3. arc erT moqalaqes.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, sakuTari gadawyvetilebebi klasis winaSe war-moadginon da yvela mosazreba argumentirebulad daasabuTon.

moswavleebi jgufur muSaobas agrZeleben. maT urigdebaT didi zomis qaRal-debi da markerebi. maswavlebeli moswavleebs uxsnis, rom maTi davalebaa `moqalaq-is qartiis~ monaxazis gakeTeba. moswavleebma didi zomis qaRaldi unda gayon or svetad. pirvel svetSi unda Caweron is, Tu ras elis TiToeuli moqalaqe sakuTari qveynisagan (saTauriT, ùflebebi~). meore svetSi unda Caweron moqalaqeTa pasux-ismgeblobebi (saTauriT, `pasuxismgeblobebi~).

roca `moqalaqis qartiaze~ muSaobas daasruleben, moswavleebi Sedegebs mTeli klasis winaSe warmoadgenen. danarCeni moswavleebi SekiTxvebs svamen.

bolos, maswavlebeli ekiTxeba mTel klass:_ Tqveni azriT, Tqvens qveyanaSi moqalaqeebi yovelTvis asruleben sakuTar pa-

suxismgeblobebs? ratom?

informacia

demokratiuli qveynis moqalaqeebs aqvT samoqalaqo, politikuri, socialuri, kul-

turuli da garemosdacviTi uflebebi. ganxilvis sagans unda warmoadgendes am uflebaTa

konkretizacia. aseve, sajaro diskusiis Tema unda iyos am uflebebTan dakavSirebuli

pasuxismgeblobebic. zogi fiqrobs, rom moqalaqes mxolod erTi pasuxismgebloba akisria

_ kanonmorCileba. sxvani ki miiCneven, rom moqalaqeebs unda ekisrebodeT pasuxismgeblo-

baTa ufro farTo speqtri.

174


_ ra unda gakeTdes imisaTvis, rom adamianebi ufro meti seriozulobiT moekidon sakuTar samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobebs?

_ Tqveni azriT, SeiZleba Tu ara, rom moqalaqeebs uari eTqvaT adamianis garkveul uflebebze im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ver asruleben sakuTar pasuxismgeblobebs? ratom?

saSianao davaleba: moswavleebma unda Caataron ojaxis wevrebisa da megobrebis gamokiTxva da daadginon, Tu ra pasuxismgeblobebi unda hqondes moqalaqes. maT sa-kuTari kvlevis Sedegebi Semdeg gakveTilze klasis winaSe unda warmoadginon.

gakveTili 4moswavleTa parlamentirogori unda iyos skolis marTva?

swavlis mizani _ moswavleebi SeimuSaveben skolis marTvis kriteriumebs da gansazRvraven moswavleTa rols marTvis procesSi.

moswavlis davaleba _ moswavleebi warmoidgenen imas, Tu rogor imuSavebda maTi parlamenti.

saWiro masala _ kiTxvari yvela moswavlisaTvis (moswavlis samuSao furceli 9.3), didi zomis qaRaldi, markerebi 4-6 moswavlisagan Semdgari TiToeuli jgufisaTvis.

moswavleTa CarTulobis forma _ prezentaciebi. individualuri muSaoba. mcire zomis jgufebSi msjeloba. mTeli klasis diskusiebi.

informacia

axalgazrdebic moqalaqeebi arian. Sesabamisad, maT aqvT ufleba, sakuTari azri

gamoxaton im sakiTxebze, romlebic maT cxovrebas ukavSirdeba, maT Soris, skolaze. sko-

lis cxovrebaSi moswavleTa aqtiuri CarTuloba mniSvnelovania ara mxolod imitom, rom

es moswavleebis uflebaa, aramed imitomac, rom aseTi CarTuloba maT sazogadoebis

funqcionirebasTan dakavSirebuli demokratiuli procesebis gacnobierebaSi exmareba.

ganxilvis sagani SeiZleba iyos is meqanizmebi, romlebic moswavleTa saskolo marTvaSi

CarTulobas uzrunvelyofs. zogi miiCnevs, rom aucilebelia, yvela skolas hyavdes saku-

Tari parlamenti. sxvani ki Tvlian, rom parlamentis arseboba yvela skolaSi aucilebeli

ar aris da arsebobs sxva gzebic, romlebic moswavleTa CarTulobas uzrunvelyofs.

gakveTili unda daiwyos moswavleTa saSinao davalebis Sedegebis gacnobiT. Tu mos-

wavleebis mier momzadebuli masala Zalian mdidari da mravalmxrivia, SesaZloa, saWiro

iyos am TemisaTvis kidev erTi gakveTilis daTmoba. aris meore variantic, maswavleb-

els SeuZlia, Seagrovos moswavleTa namuSevrebi, gaasworos isini da Semdeg gakveTilze

daubrunos SeniSvnebiTurT. romeli gzac ar unda iqnas arCeuli, umTavresia, rom maswav-

lebelma yvela moswavlis namuSevri Seamowmos da Seafasos.

175


gakveTili

gakveTilis dasawyisSi moswavleebi warmoadgenen gamokiTxvis Sedegebs, moqalaqe-Ta pasuxismgeblobebTan dakavSirebiT. moswavleebi ganixilaven am Sedegebs.

maswavlebels Semoaqvs axali Tema; is ekiTxeba moswavleebs, Tu ras fiqroben maTi saskolo sabWos, an moswavleTa parlamentis muSaobis Sesaxeb. Tu mocemul skolaSi TviTmmarTveloba ar arsebobs, moswavleebs SeuZliaT, moiyvanon magaliTebi sxva skolaSi moqmedi parlamentis, an sabWos Sesaxeb.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, warmoidginon, rogori iqneboda moswavleTa idealuri parlamenti, anu skolis moswavleTa demokratiuli wesiT arCeuli er-Toba.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs kiTxvars (moswavlis samuSao furceli 9.3), romelsac moswavleebi individualurad avseben.

Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs 4-6 kacian jgufebad yofs. moswavleebs aqvT dro, raTa sakuTari pasuxebi erTmaneTs Seadaron. maswavlebeli jgufebs didi zomis qaRaldsa da markerebs urigebs. moswavleebma unda SeimuSaon moswavleTa idealuri parlamentis konstitucia. maswavlebeli valdebulia, auxsnas moswavleebs, ra aris konstitucia da moiyvanos magaliTebi imisa, Tu ra saxis regulaciebs unda aweseb-des moswavleTa parlamentis konstitucia.

roca moswavleebi jgufur muSaobas daasruleben, isini sakuTari msjelobis Sedegebs mTeli klasis winaSe warmoadgenen. diskusiis dros SeiZleba daisvas Semdegi SekiTxvebi:

_ ra Zalaufleba unda hqondeT moswavleebs, direqtorsa da maswavleblebs?

_ vin unda iRebdes saboloo gadawyvetilebebs, romlebic skolis marTvas ukav-Sirdeba?

_ SesaZlebelia Tu ara skolis demokratiuli wesiT marTva?

bolos, moswavleebi prezentacias akeTeben skolis direqtorTan da, Tu surT, mis winaSe warmoadgenen sakuTar winadadebebs skolis parlamentis CamoyalibebasTan dakavSirebiT.

saSianao davaleba: moswavleebi atareben ojaxis wevrebisa da megobrebis gamokiTx-vas. SekiTxva Semdegia: rogor fiqrobT, yvela skolas unda hyavdes moswavleTa par-lamenti? ratom?

moswavleebma Semdeg gakveTilze unda warmoadginon gamokiTxvis Sedegebi.

moswavlis samuSao furceli 9.1sikalis samefo

sikali mTagoriani qveyanaa. saukuneebis manZilze is TiTqmis mowyvetili iyo danarCen samyaros.

miuxedavad imisa, rom sikali aris Zalian patara samefo, am bolo periodSi man didi yuradReba miipyro. gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis mizezia am samefos origi-naluri sazogadoebrivi organizacia.

daviwyoT imiT, rom sikalSi mSieri aravinaa. sikalis mosaxleoba sakuTar sakveb produqcias mTlianad Tavad awarmoebs. warmoebuli produqti Tanabrad unawildeba yvelas, visac sWirdeba. saxli yvela ojaxisaTvis ufasoa. saxlis zoma damokidebu-lia ojaxis wevrebis raodenobaze. gaTbobisa da sakvebis momzadebisaTvis sawvavi

176


ufasod miewodebaT; aseve, ufasoa sayofacxovrebo nivTebis SekeTebis momsaxurebac. samedicino momsaxureba uzrunvelyofilia yvela adamianisaTvis, visac sWirdeba. yvela moqalaqes utardeba ufaso samedicino Semowmeba yovel 6 TveSi erTxel. mox-ucebulebs, mcirewlovani Svilebis patron ojaxebs da yvela sxvas, vinc daxmarebas saWiroebs, mudmivad aqceven yuradRebas socialuri muSakebi.

sikalSi amqveyniuri sikeTe xelmisawvdomia yvelasaTvis. yovel ojaxs eZleva vauCerebi, riTac SeuZliaT, SeiZinon fufunebis sagnebi, rogorebicaa: sunamoebi, aveji an saneleblebi. vauCerebi SeiZleba gamoiyenon maSinve, an Seinaxon, daagrovon da ufro ukeTesi saqoneli SeiZinon.

rogor xdeba am yvelafris organizacia? sikali yovelTvis monarqia iyo. am-Jamindeli mefea sik III. mefe erTpirovnulad wyvets, Tu muSaxelis ra raodenobaa saWiro TiToeuli saqmianobisaTvis (sakvebis moyvana, saxlebis mSenebloba an jan-dacva). sxvadasxva saqmisaTvis adamianebis SerCeva 5 wlis asakSi xdeba, ris Semdegac isini specialur skolebSi igzavnebian. momavali fermerebi iwyeben siaruls soflis meurneobis skolaSi, saxlebis momavali mSeneblebi _ teqnikur skolaSi, jandacvis sferos momavali TanamSromlebi _ samedicino skolaSi da a.S. yvela danarCeni ki mefis sasaxleSi saqmdeba.

yvelaze gasaocari ki isaa, rom sikalSi ar aris fuli. aravis sWirdeba fulis gadaxda, radgan yvelas yvelaferi aqvs.

albaT gagiCndebaT kiTxva: moswons xalxs aseTi cxovreba? aravin ar Civis? mo-qalaqeebi saCivriT Zalian iSviaT SemTxvevebSi gamodian da vinc sakuTar ukmayofile-bas afiqsirebs, igzavneba gonebrivad daavadebulTa hospitalSi. albaT avadmyofi unda iyo, rom aseTi cxovrebis mimarT ukmayofileba gamoxato, ara?

moswavlis samuSao furceli 9.2 sadiskusio baraTebi

gadasaxadebis gadaxda politikuri partiis wevroba

qveynis dasacavad brZola arCevnebSi monawileoba

danaSaulis Sesaxeb policiaSi gancxadeba Tqveni ojaxis daxmareba

kanonmorCileba Tqveni mezoblebis daxmareba

Tqveni qveynis dacva, roca mas akritikeben sxva... ?

177


moswavlis samuSao furceli 9.3rogori unda iyos moswavleTa parlamenti?

moswavleTa idealur parlamentSi:

ramdeni moswavle iqneba?1.

rogor iqnebian arCeulni moswavleTa warmomadgenlebi?2.

ra sixSiriT gamarTavs sxdomebs moswavleTa parlamenti?3.

sad gamarTavs sxdomebs moswavleTa parlamenti?4.

rogor iqnebian moswavleTa parlamentis muSaobaSi CarTulni mSoblebi an 5. maswavleblebi?

ra sakiTxebis ganxilvis uflebamosileba eqneba (da ar eqneba) moswavleTa 6. parlaments?

ra tipis gadawyvetilebebs miiRebs (ver miiRebs) moswavleTa parlamenti?7.

Documents

swavleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisa da adamianis uflebaTa ...€¦ · 1 am proeqtis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informaciisaTvis gaecaniT xuTi wignisagan Semdgari seriis pirvel nawils. 2 ixileT