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End of the Year Review
#9
Q1
By the 1840s, voter participation in the presidential election reached
• a) nearly 50 percent.• b) 25 percent.• c) 40 percent.• d) 15 percent.• e) nearly 80 percent
Q1
By the 1840s, voter participation in the presidential election reached
• a) nearly 50 percent.• b) 25 percent.• c) 40 percent.• d) 15 percent.• e) nearly 80 percent
Q2Match each individual below with the correct description.
A. Andrew Jackson 1. finished third in the electoral vote but was eliminated by illness
B. Henry Clay 2. was elected president by the House of Representatives despite his weak popular appeal
C. John Quincy Adams 3. threw his support to the winning candidate, inspiring charges of a "corrupt bargain"
D. William Crawford 4. finished first in the popular vote but lost in the House of Representatives
• a) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4• b) A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2• c) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1• d) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1• e) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
Q2Match each individual below with the correct description.
A. Andrew Jackson 1. finished third in the electoral vote but was eliminated by illness
B. Henry Clay 2. was elected president by the House of Representatives despite his weak popular appeal
C. John Quincy Adams 3. threw his support to the winning candidate, inspiring charges of a "corrupt bargain"
D. William Crawford 4. finished first in the popular vote but lost in the House of Representatives
• a) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4• b) A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2• c) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1• d) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1• e) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
Q3
The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when
• a) no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College.
• b) William Crawford suffered a stroke and was forced to drop out of the race.
• c) the House was forced to do so by “King Caucus.”• d) Henry Clay, as Speaker of the House, made the
request.• e) widespread voter fraud was discovered.
Q3
The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when
• a) no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College.
• b) William Crawford suffered a stroke and was forced to drop out of the race.
• c) the House was forced to do so by “King Caucus.”• d) Henry Clay, as Speaker of the House, made the
request.• e) widespread voter fraud was discovered.
Q4
John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a “corrupt bargain” when he appointed _______________ to become__________ .
• a) John C. Calhoun, vice president• b) William Crawford, chief justice of the United
States• c) Henry Clay, secretary of state• d) Daniel Webster, secretary of state• e) John Eaton, secretary of the navy
Q4
John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a “corrupt bargain” when he appointed _______________ to become__________ .
• a) John C. Calhoun, vice president• b) William Crawford, chief justice of the United
States• c) Henry Clay, secretary of state• d) Daniel Webster, secretary of state• e) John Eaton, secretary of the navy
Q5
As president, John Quincy Adams
• a) was more successful than as secretary of state.• b) adjusted to the New Democracy.• c) was one of the least successful presidents in
American history.• d) put many of his supporters on the federal
payroll.• e) was successful in getting his programs enacted
into law.
Q5
As president, John Quincy Adams
• a) was more successful than as secretary of state.• b) adjusted to the New Democracy.• c) was one of the least successful presidents in
American history.• d) put many of his supporters on the federal
payroll.• e) was successful in getting his programs enacted
into law.
Q6
The purpose behind the spoils system was• a) to press those with experience into
governmental service.• b) to make politics a sideline and not a full-time
business.• c) to reward political supporters with public office.• d) to reverse the trend of rotation in office.• e) the widespread encouragement of a
bureaucratic office-holding class.
Q6
The purpose behind the spoils system was• a) to press those with experience into
governmental service.• b) to make politics a sideline and not a full-time
business.• c) to reward political supporters with public office.• d) to reverse the trend of rotation in office.• e) the widespread encouragement of a
bureaucratic office-holding class.
Q7
The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in• a) a clean sweep of federal job holders.• b) the replacement of insecurity by security in
employment.• c) the destruction of the personalized political
machine.• d) the appointment of many corrupt and
incompetent officials to federal jobs.• e) the same actions of those taken by John Quincy
Adams.
Q7
The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in• a) a clean sweep of federal job holders.• b) the replacement of insecurity by security in
employment.• c) the destruction of the personalized political
machine.• d) the appointment of many corrupt and
incompetent officials to federal jobs.• e) the same actions of those taken by John Quincy
Adams.
Q8
The section of the United States most hurt by the Tariff of 1828 was
• a) New England.• b) the West.• c) the Southwest.• d) the South.• e) the middle states.
Q8
The section of the United States most hurt by the Tariff of 1828 was
• a) New England.• b) the West.• c) the Southwest.• d) the South.• e) the middle states.
Q9
Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because• a) it would hurt their manufacturing sector.• b) this same power could be used to suppress
slavery.• c) it might hurt Andrew Jackson's political career.• d) they were convinced that it would destroy the
American woolen industry.• e) it could damage the chances of the American
System's success.
Q9
Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because• a) it would hurt their manufacturing sector.• b) this same power could be used to suppress
slavery.• c) it might hurt Andrew Jackson's political career.• d) they were convinced that it would destroy the
American woolen industry.• e) it could damage the chances of the American
System's success.
Q10
John C. Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition was an argument for
• a) secession.• b) protective tariffs.• c) majority rule.• d) states' rights.• e) trade with England.
Q10
John C. Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition was an argument for
• a) secession.• b) protective tariffs.• c) majority rule.• d) states' rights.• e) trade with England.
Q11
The nullification crisis of 1832–1833 erupted over
• a) banking policy.• b) internal improvements.• c) tariff policy.• d) public land sales.• e) Indian policy.
Q11
The nullification crisis of 1832–1833 erupted over
• a) banking policy.• b) internal improvements.• c) tariff policy.• d) public land sales.• e) Indian policy.
Q12
The South Carolina state legislature, after the election of 1832
• a) voted to abolish all federal legislation, with regard to tariffs, as unconstitutional.
• b) declared the existing tariff constitutional and part of South Carolina law.
• c) was taken over by a majority of Federalists.• d) voted to secede from the union.• e) declared the existing tariff null and void in South
Carolina.
Q12
The South Carolina state legislature, after the election of 1832
• a) voted to abolish all federal legislation, with regard to tariffs, as unconstitutional.
• b) declared the existing tariff constitutional and part of South Carolina law.
• c) was taken over by a majority of Federalists.• d) voted to secede from the union.• e) declared the existing tariff null and void in South
Carolina.
Q13
The Force Bill of 1833 provided that the• a) Congress could use the military for Indian removal.• b) Congress would employ the navy to stop
smuggling.• c) President could use the army to collect excise
taxes.• d) military could force citizens to track down runaway
slaves.• e) President could use the army and navy to collect
federal tariff duties.
Q13
The Force Bill of 1833 provided that the• a) Congress could use the military for Indian removal.• b) Congress would employ the navy to stop
smuggling.• c) President could use the army to collect excise
taxes.• d) military could force citizens to track down runaway
slaves.• e) President could use the army and navy to collect
federal tariff duties.
Q14
The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended when
• a) Andrew Jackson used the court system to force compliance.
• b) the federal army crushed all resistance.• c) Congress used the provisions of the Force Bill.• d) Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833.• e) South Carolina took over the collection of tariffs.
Q14
The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended when
• a) Andrew Jackson used the court system to force compliance.
• b) the federal army crushed all resistance.• c) Congress used the provisions of the Force Bill.• d) Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833.• e) South Carolina took over the collection of tariffs.
Q15
Andrew Jackson's administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because
• a) the Indians assimilated too easily into white society.• b) the Supreme Court ruled in favor of this policy.• c) whites wanted the Indians' lands.• d) Georgia and Florida tried to protect the Indians and
their lands.• e) they continued their attacks on white settlements.
Q15
Andrew Jackson's administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because
• a) the Indians assimilated too easily into white society.• b) the Supreme Court ruled in favor of this policy.• c) whites wanted the Indians' lands.• d) Georgia and Florida tried to protect the Indians and
their lands.• e) they continued their attacks on white settlements.
Q16
In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following except
• a) recognize the tribes as separate nations.• b) argue that Indians could not be
assimilated into the larger society.• c) try to civilize them.• d) trick them into ceding land to whites.• e) promise to acquire land only through
formal treaties.
Q16
In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following except
• a) recognize the tribes as separate nations.• b) argue that Indians could not be
assimilated into the larger society.• c) try to civilize them.• d) trick them into ceding land to whites.• e) promise to acquire land only through
formal treaties.
Q17
The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was
• a) a war of genocide.• b) gradual assimilation.• c) forced removal.• d) federal protection from state
governments.• e) to encourage them to preserve their
traditional culture.
Q17
The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was
• a) a war of genocide.• b) gradual assimilation.• c) forced removal.• d) federal protection from state
governments.• e) to encourage them to preserve their
traditional culture.
Q18
While in existence, the second Bank of the United States
• a) was the depository of the funds of the national government.
• b) irresponsibly inflated the national currency by issuing federal bank notes.
• c) limited economic growth by extending public credit.
• d) forced an ever-increasing number of bank failures.• e) did little to help the economy.
Q18
While in existence, the second Bank of the United States
• a) was the depository of the funds of the national government.
• b) irresponsibly inflated the national currency by issuing federal bank notes.
• c) limited economic growth by extending public credit.
• d) forced an ever-increasing number of bank failures.• e) did little to help the economy.
Q19
Andrew Jackson's veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States was
• a) the first presidential veto.• b) a major expansion of presidential power.• c) unconstitutional.• d) overturned by a two-thirds vote in
Congress.• e) supported by the Anti-Masonic party.
Q19
Andrew Jackson's veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States was
• a) the first presidential veto.• b) a major expansion of presidential power.• c) unconstitutional.• d) overturned by a two-thirds vote in
Congress.• e) supported by the Anti-Masonic party.
Q20
Andrew Jackson based his veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States on
• a) constitutional grounds exclusively.• b) advice from Henry Clay and other close advisors.• c) the Supreme Court's McCulloch v. Maryland
decision.• d) the fact that he found the bill harmful to the
nation as well as unconstitutional.• e) the belief that it was supported by the "necessary
and proper" clause in the Constitution.
Q20
Andrew Jackson based his veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States on
• a) constitutional grounds exclusively.• b) advice from Henry Clay and other close advisors.• c) the Supreme Court's McCulloch v. Maryland
decision.• d) the fact that he found the bill harmful to the
nation as well as unconstitutional.• e) the belief that it was supported by the "necessary
and proper" clause in the Constitution.
Q21
One of the main reasons Andrew Jackson decided to weaken the Bank of the United States after the 1832 election was
• a) his fear that Nicholas Biddle might try to manipulate the bank to force its recharter.
• b) his desire to halt the rising inflation rate that the bank had created before 1832.
• c) his desire to fight the Specie Circular, which hurt the West.
• d) that he lost money he had invested in it.• e) his desire to convince the Marshall court of its
unconstitutionality.
Q21
One of the main reasons Andrew Jackson decided to weaken the Bank of the United States after the 1832 election was
• a) his fear that Nicholas Biddle might try to manipulate the bank to force its recharter.
• b) his desire to halt the rising inflation rate that the bank had created before 1832.
• c) his desire to fight the Specie Circular, which hurt the West.
• d) that he lost money he had invested in it.• e) his desire to convince the Marshall court of its
unconstitutionality.
Q22
Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following except
• a) opponents of public education.• b) backers of southern states' rights.• c) large northern industrialists.• d) many evangelical Protestants.• e) backers of the American System
Q22
Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following except
• a) opponents of public education.• b) backers of southern states' rights.• c) large northern industrialists.• d) many evangelical Protestants.• e) backers of the American System
Q23
The cement that held the Whig party together in its formative days was
• a) hatred of Andrew Jackson.• b) support of the American System.• c) opposition to the Anti-Masonic party.• d) the desire for a strong president.• e) opposition to the tariff.
Q23
The cement that held the Whig party together in its formative days was
• a) hatred of Andrew Jackson.• b) support of the American System.• c) opposition to the Anti-Masonic party.• d) the desire for a strong president.• e) opposition to the tariff.
Q24
Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at the Battle of
• a) Santa Anna.• b) Goliad.• c) the Alamo.• d) San Jacinto.• e) the Rio Grande.
Q24
Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at the Battle of
• a) Santa Anna.• b) Goliad.• c) the Alamo.• d) San Jacinto.• e) the Rio Grande.
Q25
The War of 1812 was one of the worst fought wars in the United States history because
• a) the American military strategy was hopelessly flawed.
• b) no talented military commanders emerged.• c) of inadequate financing of the war.• d) the navy lacked skill and discipline.• e) of the nation's apathy and national disunity.
Q25
The War of 1812 was one of the worst fought wars in the United States history because
• a) the American military strategy was hopelessly flawed.
• b) no talented military commanders emerged.• c) of inadequate financing of the war.• d) the navy lacked skill and discipline.• e) of the nation's apathy and national disunity.
Q26
When the United States entered the War of 1812, it was
• a) militarily unprepared.• b) allied with France.• c) united in support of the war.• d) fortunate to have a strong and assertive
commander in chief.• e) clear what its political and military
objectives were.
Q26
When the United States entered the War of 1812, it was
• a) militarily unprepared.• b) allied with France.• c) united in support of the war.• d) fortunate to have a strong and assertive
commander in chief.• e) clear what its political and military
objectives were.
Q27
The performance of the United States' Navy in the War of 1812 could be best described as
• a) poor and unsuccessful in every category.• b) less successful than that of the army.• c) courageous but strategically ineffective.• d) most effective on the Atlantic Ocean.• e) surprisingly successful.
Q27
The performance of the United States' Navy in the War of 1812 could be best described as
• a) poor and unsuccessful in every category.• b) less successful than that of the army.• c) courageous but strategically ineffective.• d) most effective on the Atlantic Ocean.• e) surprisingly successful.
Q28
The British attack on Baltimore
• a) resulted in another British victory.• b) was followed by the British invasion of Washington,
D.C.• c) inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner."• d) was turned back in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.• e) led to the composition of "The Battle Hymn of the
Republic."
Q28
The British attack on Baltimore
• a) resulted in another British victory.• b) was followed by the British invasion of Washington,
D.C.• c) inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner."• d) was turned back in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.• e) led to the composition of "The Battle Hymn of the
Republic."
Q29
The Battle of New Orleans• a) resulted in one more American defeat.• b) helped the United States to win the War of
1812.• c) saw British troops defeated by Andrew
Jackson's soldiers.• d) prevented America from taking Canada.• e) resulted in Louisiana becoming part of the
United States.
Q29
The Battle of New Orleans• a) resulted in one more American defeat.• b) helped the United States to win the War of
1812.• c) saw British troops defeated by Andrew
Jackson's soldiers.• d) prevented America from taking Canada.• e) resulted in Louisiana becoming part of the
United States.
Q30
The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions that demanded all of the following except
• a) a single-term limit on the presidency.• b) a guarantee of no future wars with Britain.• c) financial compensation to New England for lost
trade.• d) abolition of the three-fifths clause.• e) reduction in the amount of representation the
South had in Congress.
Q30
The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions that demanded all of the following except
• a) a single-term limit on the presidency.• b) a guarantee of no future wars with Britain.• c) financial compensation to New England for lost
trade.• d) abolition of the three-fifths clause.• e) reduction in the amount of representation the
South had in Congress.
Q31
The resolutions from the Hartford Convention• a) helped to cause the death of the Federalist
party.• b) resulted in the resurgence of states' rights.• c) called for southern secession from the
union.• d) supported use of state militias against the
British.• e) called for the West to join the War of 1812.
Q31
The resolutions from the Hartford Convention• a) helped to cause the death of the Federalist
party.• b) resulted in the resurgence of states' rights.• c) called for southern secession from the
union.• d) supported use of state militias against the
British.• e) called for the West to join the War of 1812.
Q32
In diplomatic and economic terms, the War of 1812
• a) was a disaster for the United States.• b) could be considered the Second War for
Independence.• c) had few significant consequences for Americans.• d) created permanent hostility between the United
States and Canada.• e) made Americans more internationally minded.
Q32
In diplomatic and economic terms, the War of 1812
• a) was a disaster for the United States.• b) could be considered the Second War for
Independence.• c) had few significant consequences for Americans.• d) created permanent hostility between the United
States and Canada.• e) made Americans more internationally minded.
Q33
The outcome of the War of 1812 was a(n)
• a) decisive victory for the United States.• b) stimulus to patriotic nationalism in the
United States.• c) embarrassment for American diplomacy.• d) heavy blow to American manufacturing.• e) decisive victory for the British.
Q33
The outcome of the War of 1812 was a(n)
• a) decisive victory for the United States.• b) stimulus to patriotic nationalism in the
United States.• c) embarrassment for American diplomacy.• d) heavy blow to American manufacturing.• e) decisive victory for the British.
Q34
Post-War of 1812, nationalism could be seen in all of the following except
• a) the way in which American painters depicted the beauty of American landscapes.
• b) a revival of American religion.• c) the building of a more handsome national
capital.• d) an expanded army and navy.• e) development of a national literature.
Q34
Post-War of 1812, nationalism could be seen in all of the following except
• a) the way in which American painters depicted the beauty of American landscapes.
• b) a revival of American religion.• c) the building of a more handsome national
capital.• d) an expanded army and navy.• e) development of a national literature.
Q35
Henry Clay's call for federally funded roads and canals received whole-hearted endorsement from
• a) President Madison.• b) New England.• c) the West.• d) Jeffersonian Republicans.• e) the South.
Q35
Henry Clay's call for federally funded roads and canals received whole-hearted endorsement from
• a) President Madison.• b) New England.• c) the West.• d) Jeffersonian Republicans.• e) the South.
Q36
Democratic-Republicans opposed Henry Clay's American System because
• a) it favored only the South.• b) it would provide stiff competition to the Erie
Canal.• c) they believed that it was unconstitutional.• d) they thought it would center more control in
Washington.• e) they believed in low tariffs and low taxes.
Q36
Democratic-Republicans opposed Henry Clay's American System because
• a) it favored only the South.• b) it would provide stiff competition to the Erie
Canal.• c) they believed that it was unconstitutional.• d) they thought it would center more control in
Washington.• e) they believed in low tariffs and low taxes.
Q37
The Era of Good Feelings• a) was characterized by the absence of any serious
problems.• b) was noted for cooperation between the
Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists.• c) marked a temporary end to sectionalism by
uniting all parts of the country.• d) was a misnomer, because the period was a
troubled one.• e) saw the start of the Whig political party.
Q37
The Era of Good Feelings• a) was characterized by the absence of any serious
problems.• b) was noted for cooperation between the
Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists.• c) marked a temporary end to sectionalism by
uniting all parts of the country.• d) was a misnomer, because the period was a
troubled one.• e) saw the start of the Whig political party.
Q38
As a result of the Missouri Compromise• a) there were more slave than free states in the Union.• b) slavery was outlawed in all states north of the forty-
second parallel.• c) slavery was banned north of 36° 30¢ in the Louisiana
Purchase territory.• d) Missouri was required to free its slaves when they
reached full adulthood.• e) there were more free states than slave states in the
Union.
Q38
As a result of the Missouri Compromise• a) there were more slave than free states in the Union.• b) slavery was outlawed in all states north of the forty-
second parallel.• c) slavery was banned north of 36° 30¢ in the Louisiana
Purchase territory.• d) Missouri was required to free its slaves when they
reached full adulthood.• e) there were more free states than slave states in the
Union.
Q39
In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshall's rulings limited the extent of
• a) states' rights.• b) judicial review.• c) federalism.• d) constitutionalism.• e) federal authority.
Q39
In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshall's rulings limited the extent of
• a) states' rights.• b) judicial review.• c) federalism.• d) constitutionalism.• e) federal authority.
Q40
The Treaty of 1818 with England• a) used the watershed of the Missouri River to define the
United States' border with Canada as far west as the Rocky Mountains.
• b) formally recognized America's earlier conquest of West Florida.
• c) called for a ten-year joint occupation of the Oregon country by both American citizens and British subjects.
• d) granted Canada exclusive use of Newfoundland fisheries.• e) saw the United States forced to give up its tariffs on
British goods.
Q40
The Treaty of 1818 with England• a) used the watershed of the Missouri River to define the
United States' border with Canada as far west as the Rocky Mountains.
• b) formally recognized America's earlier conquest of West Florida.
• c) called for a ten-year joint occupation of the Oregon country by both American citizens and British subjects.
• d) granted Canada exclusive use of Newfoundland fisheries.• e) saw the United States forced to give up its tariffs on
British goods.
Q41
Andrew Jackson's military exploits were instrumental in the United States gaining
• a) a favorable border with Canada from the Great Lakes to the Rocky Mountains.
• b) possession of Florida from the Spanish.• c) joint fishing rights in Labrador, Nova
Scotia, and Newfoundland.• d) naval limitations on the Great Lakes.• e) gaining control of eastern Texas.
Q41
Andrew Jackson's military exploits were instrumental in the United States gaining
• a) a favorable border with Canada from the Great Lakes to the Rocky Mountains.
• b) possession of Florida from the Spanish.• c) joint fishing rights in Labrador, Nova
Scotia, and Newfoundland.• d) naval limitations on the Great Lakes.• e) gaining control of eastern Texas.
Q42
Spain sold Florida to the United States because it• a) wanted to help America to become a rival to
Britain.• b) could not defend the area and would lose it
in any case.• c) received America's promise to give up claims
to Oregon.• d) was pulling out of the Western Hemisphere.• e) decided to concentrate its efforts in Mexico.
Q42
Spain sold Florida to the United States because it• a) wanted to help America to become a rival to
Britain.• b) could not defend the area and would lose it
in any case.• c) received America's promise to give up claims
to Oregon.• d) was pulling out of the Western Hemisphere.• e) decided to concentrate its efforts in Mexico.
Q43
At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was• a) incapable of being enforced by the United States.• b) greeted with enthusiasm and gratitude in South
America.• c) universally acclaimed in Britain as a great act of
statesmanship.• d) welcomed with relief by European powers who
feared British power in the Western Hemisphere.• e) opposed by both the Whigs and the Democratic-
Republicans.
Q43
At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was• a) incapable of being enforced by the United States.• b) greeted with enthusiasm and gratitude in South
America.• c) universally acclaimed in Britain as a great act of
statesmanship.• d) welcomed with relief by European powers who
feared British power in the Western Hemisphere.• e) opposed by both the Whigs and the Democratic-
Republicans.
Q44
Latin America's reaction to the Monroe Doctrine can best be described as
• a) enthusiastic.• b) fearful of the United States.• c) unconcerned or unimpressed.• d) relying on Britain to void it.• e) None of these
Q44
Latin America's reaction to the Monroe Doctrine can best be described as
• a) enthusiastic.• b) fearful of the United States.• c) unconcerned or unimpressed.• d) relying on Britain to void it.• e) None of these
Q45
The Monroe Doctrine was• a) a striking new departure in American foreign
policy.• b) quickly codified into international law.• c) a binding pledge on each subsequent
presidential administration.• d) an expression of the illusion of deepening
American isolationism from world affairs.• e) a commitment by the United States to
internationalism.
Q45
The Monroe Doctrine was• a) a striking new departure in American foreign
policy.• b) quickly codified into international law.• c) a binding pledge on each subsequent
presidential administration.• d) an expression of the illusion of deepening
American isolationism from world affairs.• e) a commitment by the United States to
internationalism.
