End of the Year Review Session #4

Questions on Chapters 24&25

Question 1

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

• a) cash grants from new taxes.• b) land grants and loans.• c) cash grants from higher tariffs.• d) reduced prices for iron and steel.• e) aid for construction of railroad stations.

Question 1

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

• a) cash grants from new taxes.• b) land grants and loans.• c) cash grants from higher tariffs.• d) reduced prices for iron and steel.• e) aid for construction of railroad stations.

Question 2

The greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network was that it

• a) spread the U.S. population across the whole continent.

• b) enabled people from farms and small towns to visit the big cities.

• c) united the nation into a single, integrated national market.

• d) made it possible for some immigrants to settle in the West.

• e) developed a skilled industrial workforce.

Question 2

The greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network was that it

• a) spread the U.S. population across the whole continent.

• b) enabled people from farms and small towns to visit the big cities.

• c) united the nation into a single, integrated national market.

• d) made it possible for some immigrants to settle in the West.

• e) developed a skilled industrial workforce.

Q3

The two industries that the transcontinental railroads most significantly expanded were

• a) textiles and shoemaking.• b) mining and agriculture.• c) banking and real estate.• d) shipping and fishing.• e) electricity and telecommunications.

Q3

The two industries that the transcontinental railroads most significantly expanded were

• a) textiles and shoemaking.• b) mining and agriculture.• c) banking and real estate.• d) shipping and fishing.• e) electricity and telecommunications.

Q4

Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called

• a) pools.• b) trusts.• c) rebates.• d) interlocking directorates.• e) holding companies.

Q4

Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called

• a) pools.• b) trusts.• c) rebates.• d) interlocking directorates.• e) holding companies.

Q5

Which of the following was not among the common forms of corruption practiced by the wealthy railroad barons?

• a) Bribing judges and state legislatures• b) Forcing their employees to buy railroad company

stock• c) Providing free railroad passes to journalists and

politicians• d) Watering railroad stocks and bonds in order to sell

them at inflated prices• e) Receiving kickbacks from powerful shippers

Q5

Which of the following was not among the common forms of corruption practiced by the wealthy railroad barons?

• a) Bribing judges and state legislatures• b) Forcing their employees to buy railroad company

stock• c) Providing free railroad passes to journalists and

politicians• d) Watering railroad stocks and bonds in order to sell

them at inflated prices• e) Receiving kickbacks from powerful shippers

Q6

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the

• a) Federal Trade Commission.• b) Interstate Commerce Commission.• c) Consumer Affairs Commission.• d) Federal Anti-Trust Commission.• e) Federal Communications Commission.

Q6

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the

• a) Federal Trade Commission.• b) Interstate Commerce Commission.• c) Consumer Affairs Commission.• d) Federal Anti-Trust Commission.• e) Federal Communications Commission.

Q7

The vast, integrated, continental U.S. market greatly enhanced the American inclination toward

• a) selling goods far away from their point of manufacture.

• b) specialized goods produced by skilled labor.• c) government certification and regulation of

consumer products.• d) mass manufacturing of standardized industrial

products.• e) importing raw materials from overseas.

Q7

The vast, integrated, continental U.S. market greatly enhanced the American inclination toward

• a) selling goods far away from their point of manufacture.

• b) specialized goods produced by skilled labor.• c) government certification and regulation of

consumer products.• d) mass manufacturing of standardized industrial

products.• e) importing raw materials from overseas.

Q8

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was

• a) increased competition.• b) supporting a centrally planned economy.• c) funding research on new technologies.• d) elimination of the tactic of vertical

integration.• e) elimination of as much competition as

possible.

Q8

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was

• a) increased competition.• b) supporting a centrally planned economy.• c) funding research on new technologies.• d) elimination of the tactic of vertical

integration.• e) elimination of as much competition as

possible.

Q9

The organizational technique of vertical integration of all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company was pioneered by

• a) James Duke with the tobacco industry.• b) Andrew Carnegie with the steel industry.• c) John D. Rockefeller with the oil industry.• d) Gustavus Swift and Philip Armour with the meat

industry.• e) Cornelius and William Vanderbilt with the

railroad industry.

Q9

The organizational technique of vertical integration of all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company was pioneered by

• a) James Duke with the tobacco industry.• b) Andrew Carnegie with the steel industry.• c) John D. Rockefeller with the oil industry.• d) Gustavus Swift and Philip Armour with the meat

industry.• e) Cornelius and William Vanderbilt with the

railroad industry.

Q10

John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involved

• a) franchising Standard Oil gasoline stations to independent operators.

• b) controlling all phases of the oil industry from drilling to commercial retailing.

• c) creating standardized job assignments and fixed production and sales quotas for all employees.

• d) forcing small competitors to assign stock to Standard oil or lose their business.

• e) developing multiple uses for oil in transportation, lighting, and industry.

Q10

John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involved

• a) franchising Standard Oil gasoline stations to independent operators.

• b) controlling all phases of the oil industry from drilling to commercial retailing.

• c) creating standardized job assignments and fixed production and sales quotas for all employees.

• d) forcing small competitors to assign stock to Standard oil or lose their business.

• e) developing multiple uses for oil in transportation, lighting, and industry.

Q11

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of

• a) Jay Gould.• b) Henry Bessemer.• c) John P. Altgeld.• d) Thomas Edison.• e) Alexander Graham Bell.

Q11

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of

• a) Jay Gould.• b) Henry Bessemer.• c) John P. Altgeld.• d) Thomas Edison.• e) Alexander Graham Bell.

Q12

America's first billion-dollar corporation was

• a) General Electric (GE).• b) Standard Oil.• c) American Telephone and Telegraph

(AT&T).• d) The Union Pacific Railroad.• e) United States Steel.

Q12

America's first billion-dollar corporation was

• a) General Electric (GE).• b) Standard Oil.• c) American Telephone and Telegraph

(AT&T).• d) The Union Pacific Railroad.• e) United States Steel.

Q13

The “Gospel of Wealth" endorsed by Andrew Carnegie

• a) based its theology on the teachings of Jesus.• b) held that the wealthy should display moral

responsibility in the use of their God-given money.• c) stimulated efforts to help minorities.• d) was opposed by most late nineteenth century

clergymen.• e) asserted that the more people prayed the better

off they would become.

Q13

The “Gospel of Wealth" endorsed by Andrew Carnegie

• a) based its theology on the teachings of Jesus.• b) held that the wealthy should display moral

responsibility in the use of their God-given money.• c) stimulated efforts to help minorities.• d) was opposed by most late nineteenth century

clergymen.• e) asserted that the more people prayed the better

off they would become.

Q14

Believers in the doctrine of "survival of the fittest," like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, believed that

• a) only a few large corporations were fit to survive in the industrial jungle.

• b) society owed a basic standard of living to even its weakest members.

• c) there should be eugenic biological breeding to produce a superior human race.

• d) fitness to survive and thrive could be proven through physical competition.

• e) the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor.

Q14

Believers in the doctrine of "survival of the fittest," like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, believed that

• a) only a few large corporations were fit to survive in the industrial jungle.

• b) society owed a basic standard of living to even its weakest members.

• c) there should be eugenic biological breeding to produce a superior human race.

• d) fitness to survive and thrive could be proven through physical competition.

• e) the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor.

Q15

During the age of industrialization, the South• a) took full advantage of the new economic

trends.• b) received preferential treatment from the

railroads.• c) turned away from agriculture.• d) held to its Old South ideology.• e) remained overwhelmingly rural and

agricultural.

Q15

During the age of industrialization, the South• a) took full advantage of the new economic

trends.• b) received preferential treatment from the

railroads.• c) turned away from agriculture.• d) held to its Old South ideology.• e) remained overwhelmingly rural and

agricultural.

Q16

In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won

• a) an eight-hour day for all workers.• b) government arbitration for industrial

disputes.• c) equal pay for women.• d) an eight-hour day for government

workers.• e) the right to collective bargaining

Q16

In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won

• a) an eight-hour day for all workers.• b) government arbitration for industrial

disputes.• c) equal pay for women.• d) an eight-hour day for government

workers.• e) the right to collective bargaining

Q17

The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the

• a) National Labor Union.• b) Knights of Labor.• c) American Federation of Labor.• d) Knights of Columbus.• e) Congress of Industrial Organizations.

Q17

The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the

• a) National Labor Union.• b) Knights of Labor.• c) American Federation of Labor.• d) Knights of Columbus.• e) Congress of Industrial Organizations.

Q18

By 1900, organized labor in America• a) had begun to turn in a clearly Marxist direction.• b) had enrolled nearly half of the industrial labor

force.• c) was accepted by the majority of employers as a

permanent part of the new industrial economy.• d) had begun to develop a more positive image with

the public.• e) relied heavily on the National Labor Relations

Board.

Q18

By 1900, organized labor in America• a) had begun to turn in a clearly Marxist direction.• b) had enrolled nearly half of the industrial labor

force.• c) was accepted by the majority of employers as a

permanent part of the new industrial economy.• d) had begun to develop a more positive image with

the public.• e) relied heavily on the National Labor Relations

Board.

Q19

The people who found fault with the captains of industry mostly argued that these men

• a) had no real business ability.• b) built their corporate wealth and power by

exploiting workers.• c) tried to take the United States back to an

earlier age of aristocracy.• d) were environmentally insensitive.• e) slowed technological advances.

Q19

The people who found fault with the captains of industry mostly argued that these men

• a) had no real business ability.• b) built their corporate wealth and power by

exploiting workers.• c) tried to take the United States back to an

earlier age of aristocracy.• d) were environmentally insensitive.• e) slowed technological advances.

Q20

The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when

• a) the government owned the means of production.

• b) labor controlled the government.• c) workers accepted the concept of craft unions.• d) business would understand the principles of

social justice.• e) labor would own and operate businesses and

industries.

Q20

The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when

• a) the government owned the means of production.

• b) labor controlled the government.• c) workers accepted the concept of craft unions.• d) business would understand the principles of

social justice.• e) labor would own and operate businesses and

industries.

Q21

The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the

• a) development of the skyscraper.• b) availability of industrial jobs.• c) compact nature of those large

communities.• d) advent of new housing structures known

as dumbbell tenements.• e) lure of cultural excitement.

Q21

The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the

• a) development of the skyscraper.• b) availability of industrial jobs.• c) compact nature of those large

communities.• d) advent of new housing structures known

as dumbbell tenements.• e) lure of cultural excitement.

Q22

One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was

• a) mass-production factories.• b) the Sears catalog.• c) advertising billboards.• d) public transportation systems.• e) large department stores.

Q22

One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was

• a) mass-production factories.• b) the Sears catalog.• c) advertising billboards.• d) public transportation systems.• e) large department stores.

Q23

The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880

• a) had experience with democratic governments.• b) arrived primarily from Germany, Sweden, and

Norway.• c) were culturally different from previous immigrants.• d) received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants.• e) represented nonwhite racial groups.

Q23

The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880

• a) had experience with democratic governments.• b) arrived primarily from Germany, Sweden, and

Norway.• c) were culturally different from previous immigrants.• d) received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants.• e) represented nonwhite racial groups.

Q24

The two immigrant ethnic groups who were most harshly treated in the mid to late nineteenth century were the

• a) Spanish and Greeks.• b) Irish and Chinese.• c) Germans and Swedes.• d) Japanese and Filipinos.• e) French and Russians.

Q24

The two immigrant ethnic groups who were most harshly treated in the mid to late nineteenth century were the

• a) Spanish and Greeks.• b) Irish and Chinese.• c) Germans and Swedes.• d) Japanese and Filipinos.• e) French and Russians.

Q25

A bird of passage was an immigrant who• a) passed quickly from eastern ports to the

Midwest or West.• b) only passed through America on the way to

Canada.• c) came to the United States looking for a wife.• d) came to America to work for a short time

and then returned to Europe.• e) flew from job to job.

Q25

A bird of passage was an immigrant who• a) passed quickly from eastern ports to the

Midwest or West.• b) only passed through America on the way to

Canada.• c) came to the United States looking for a wife.• d) came to America to work for a short time

and then returned to Europe.• e) flew from job to job.

Q26

Most New Immigrants• a) eventually returned to their country of origin.• b) tried to preserve their Old Country culture in

America.• c) were subjected to stringent immigration

restrictions.• d) quickly assimilated into the mainstream of

American life.• e) converted to mainstream Protestantism.

Q26

Most New Immigrants• a) eventually returned to their country of origin.• b) tried to preserve their Old Country culture in

America.• c) were subjected to stringent immigration

restrictions.• d) quickly assimilated into the mainstream of

American life.• e) converted to mainstream Protestantism.

Q27

By the late nineteenth century, most of the Old Immigrant groups from northern and Western Europe

• a) actively promoted the idea of a multicultural America.• b) were still regarded with suspicion and hostility by the

majority of native Americans.• c) had largely abandoned their ethnically based churches,

clubs, and neighborhoods.• d) were largely accepted as American, even though they

often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods.• e) still maintained a primary loyalty to their country of

origin, especially Ireland or Germany.

Q27

By the late nineteenth century, most of the Old Immigrant groups from northern and Western Europe

• a) actively promoted the idea of a multicultural America.• b) were still regarded with suspicion and hostility by the

majority of native Americans.• c) had largely abandoned their ethnically based churches,

clubs, and neighborhoods.• d) were largely accepted as American, even though they

often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods.• e) still maintained a primary loyalty to their country of

origin, especially Ireland or Germany.

Q28

New Immigrant groups were regarded with special hostility by many nativist Americans because

• a) most Americans considered Italian, Greek, or Jewish culture inferior to their own.

• b) many New Immigrants attempted to convert Americans to Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, or Judaism.

• c) in many New Immigrant families, women were kept in distinctly subordinate roles.

• d) New Immigrants were often more politically loyal to their homelands than to the United States.

• e) their religions were distinctly different and some New Immigrants were politically radical.

Q28

New Immigrant groups were regarded with special hostility by many nativist Americans because

• a) most Americans considered Italian, Greek, or Jewish culture inferior to their own.

• b) many New Immigrants attempted to convert Americans to Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, or Judaism.

• c) in many New Immigrant families, women were kept in distinctly subordinate roles.

• d) New Immigrants were often more politically loyal to their homelands than to the United States.

• e) their religions were distinctly different and some New Immigrants were politically radical.

Q29

Besides serving immigrants and the poor in urban neighborhoods, settlement workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelley

• a) actively lobbied for social reforms like anti-sweatshop laws and child labor laws.

• b) created the new, largely female profession of teaching.• c) looked down on the immigrant populations they served.• d) saw themselves primarily as feminists who worked to

advance women's causes.• e) steered clear of controversial international questions like

war and peace.

Q29

Besides serving immigrants and the poor in urban neighborhoods, settlement workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelley

• a) actively lobbied for social reforms like anti-sweatshop laws and child labor laws.

• b) created the new, largely female profession of teaching.• c) looked down on the immigrant populations they served.• d) saw themselves primarily as feminists who worked to

advance women's causes.• e) steered clear of controversial international questions like

war and peace.

Q30

The Morrill Act of 1862• a) established women's colleges like Vassar.• b) required compulsory school attendance

through high school.• c) established the modern American research

university.• d) mandated racial integration in public schools.• e) granted public lands to states to support

higher education

Q30

The Morrill Act of 1862• a) established women's colleges like Vassar.• b) required compulsory school attendance

through high school.• c) established the modern American research

university.• d) mandated racial integration in public schools.• e) granted public lands to states to support

higher education

Q31

Black leader, Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois• a) demanded complete equality for African

Americans.• b) established an industrial school at

Tuskegee, Alabama.• c) supported the goals of Booker T.

Washington.• d) was an ex-slave who rose to fame.• e) None of these

Q31

Black leader, Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois• a) demanded complete equality for African

Americans.• b) established an industrial school at

Tuskegee, Alabama.• c) supported the goals of Booker T.

Washington.• d) was an ex-slave who rose to fame.• e) None of these

Q32

Which of the following was not among the major new research universities founded in the post-Civil War era?

• a) Harvard University• b) The University of California• c) Johns Hopkins University• d) The University of Chicago• e) Stanford University

Q32

Which of the following was not among the major new research universities founded in the post-Civil War era?

• a) Harvard University• b) The University of California• c) Johns Hopkins University• d) The University of Chicago• e) Stanford University

Q33

The two late-nineteenth-century newspaper publishers whose competition for circulation fueled the rise of sensationalistic yellow journalism were

• a) Horatio Alger and Harlan E. Halsey.• b) Henry Adams and Henry James.• c) Henry George and Edward Bellamy.• d) William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.• e) Edwin L. Godkin and Stephen Crane.

Q33

The two late-nineteenth-century newspaper publishers whose competition for circulation fueled the rise of sensationalistic yellow journalism were

• a) Horatio Alger and Harlan E. Halsey.• b) Henry Adams and Henry James.• c) Henry George and Edward Bellamy.• d) William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.• e) Edwin L. Godkin and Stephen Crane.