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END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATIONS 2011 SCIENCE

10 June 2011 2

nd FORM

Time allowed: 1.5 hours

150 Marks

NAME: ……………………………………………………………………………… FORM: ........................................................................................................... TEACHER: …………………………………………………………………………

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

THERE ARE 20 QUESTIONS.

THE USE OF CALCULATORS IS ALLOWED.

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CHERMISTRY SECTION

You are advised not to spend more than 30 minutes on this section

1. (a) Write the name for each of the following symbols:

Al ...................................................

Ag ...................................................

Na ...................................................

K ...................................................

Ne ...................................................

H ...................................................

Ca ...................................................

S ...................................................

Si ...................................................

C ...................................................

(5)

(b) Fill in the following sentences giving the name of the element you would use

in each case and a justification for your choice of element where appropriate.

(i) ................................................ is an element used inside thermometers

because

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

(ii) Pins used in skeletal surgery could be made of ..........................................

because.........................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

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(iii) You could drink a soft drink out of a can which is coated with

..................................................because.......................................................

......................................................................................................................

(3)

(c) Fill in the table below giving THREE differences between metals and non-

metals.

METALS NON-METALS

(3)

(Total 11 marks)

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2. (a) Element X reacts QUICKLY with hydrochloric acid and bubbles are observed

during the reaction. The same metal however, does not react with water.

(i) Suggest what the metal might be.

......................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) Write down a WORD equation for the reaction with water.

......................................................................................................................

(1)

(b) ONE of the products of the reaction in part (a) (ii) further reacts with sulphuric

acid.

(i) Write down the WORD equation for this reaction.

......................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) What is this reaction called?

......................................................................................................................

(1)

(c) Maria was presented with a metal. The metal was stored in a jar full of oil. She

suspected the metal to be Potassium.

(i) Describe a reaction she could carry out to verify the identity of the metal.

Your answer should include OBSERVATIONS.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

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......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

(4)

(ii) Why was the metal stored in oil?

......................................................................................................................

(1)

(d) (i) What is meant by the term ‘reactivity series’?

.......................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................

(1)

(iii) Place the following metals in order of INCREASING reactivity:

Calcium, Gold, Potassium, Zinc, Iron, Sodium, Aluminium, Magnesium

1....................................................

2....................................................

3....................................................

4....................................................

5....................................................

6....................................................

7....................................................

8....................................................

(4)

(Total 14 marks)

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3. (a) Label the following diagram for the electrolysis of water.

(3)

(b) Define the term ‘electrolysis’.

………………………………………………………………………………………………..……

………………………………………………………………………………………….................

(2)

(c) During the electrolysis of water, 25 cm3 of hydrogen were produced. How much

oxygen was therefore produced and why?

………………………………………………………………………………………………..……

………………………………………………………………………………………….................

(2)

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(d) Describe a simple test that can be used to prove that a gas is:

(i) Oxygen:

………………………………………………………………………………………………..……

………………………………………………………………………………………….................

(ii) Hydrogen:

………………………………………………………………………………………………..……

………………………………………………………………………………………….................

(2)

(Total 9 marks)

4. There are many indicators. Here are the colour changes of some common

indicators.

Indicator Colour in acid Colour in alkali

Congo red Violet Red

Litmus Red Blue

Methyl orange Red Yellow

Phenolphthalein Colourless Pink

(a) What would be the colour of:

(i) Methyl orange in sodium hydroxide solution?

.................................................................................................................................

(1)

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(ii) Litmus is dilute hydrochloric acid?

.................................................................................................................................

(1)

(i) Vinegar turns congo red violet. What colour would it turn phenolphthalein?

.................................................................................................................................

(1)

(c) (i) The juice from a lemon turns methyl orange red. What kind of substance

does it contain?

.................................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) Oven cleaner turns phenolphthalein pink. What kind of substance does it

contain?

.................................................................................................................................

(1)

(Total 6 marks)

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5. (a) The stomach contains hydrochloric acid which helps digest food. If we eat too

much, our stomach may produce too much acid and we get a stomach ache. Stomach

tablets and powders contain a weak alkali. They help to relieve stomach ache.

(i) What is the likely pH range of the digestive juices in the stomach?

.................................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) What is the likely pH range of a solution formed by dissolving stomach

powder in water?

.................................................................................................................................

(1)

(iii) What kind of reaction takes place when we swallow a stomach powder?

.................................................................................................................................

(1)

(iv) What happens to the pH in the stomach when we swallow a stomach

powder?

.................................................................................................................................

(1)

(b) Sometimes a farmer has to add lime to his soil. What does lime do to the soil?

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

(1)

(Total 5 marks)

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6. Bees and wasps are both insects which use a sting as part of their defence.

The pH values of their stings are shown on the diagrams.

bee wasp

bee sting, pH 2 wasp sting, pH 10

(a) Complete the table below to show whether the stings are acidic or

alkaline and what colour they would turn universal indicator paper.

acid or alkalinecolour of universal

indicator paper

bee sting(pH 2)

wasp sting(pH10)

(4)

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(b) The table below shows five household substances and the pH of each

substance.

Name of substance pH of

substance

bicarbonate toothpaste 8

lemon juice 3

vinegar 4

washing soda 11

water 7

Give the name of one substance in the table which would neutralise

each sting.

(i) bee sting

.............................................................................................

(1)

(ii) wasp sting

...........................................................................................

(1)

(Total 6 marks)

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BIOLOGY SECTION

You are advised not to spend more than 30 minutes on this section

7. The diagram below shows a microscope.

(a) Name structures A, B and C

A: …………………………………….

B: ……………………………………..

C: ……………………………………. (3)

(b) State how total magnification of x 400 can be achieved, if the eyepiece lens

magnifies x 10.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(1)

Eyepiece

A

B

C

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(c) Emma did an experiment at school to investigate plant cells. She used a clear

skin of onion that she carefully placed on a microscope slide. Before covering her

sample with a cover slip, she added 1 drop of a solution to stain the cells.

(i) State the name of the solution Emma used.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(1)

(ii) Emma used total magnification of x400 to observe the structure of onion

cells. State two features of onion cells that Emma observed as a result of

the staining achieved by the solution she used.

1. …………………………………….

2. ……………………………………..

(d) The picture of a root hair cell is given below.

(i) Root hair cells and onion cells lack a feature that is present in palisade

cells. Give the name of this feature.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(1)

(ii) Why root hair cells do not have this feature?

………………………………………………………………………………………..........

(1)

(Total 9 marks)

(2)

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8. A human cheek cell is shown in the diagram below.

(a) Give two features of a plant cell that are not found in animal cells.

1. …………………………………………………………………………

2. …………………………………………………………………………

(1)

(b) The nucleus contains the genetic information of the cell. Study carefully the

picture below, and name structures A, B and C.

A: ..............................................................

B: .............................................................

C: ............................................................

A

B

C

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(3)

(c) What is the function of the cell membrane?

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

(1)

(Total 5 marks)

9. (a) The diagram below shows a red blood cell.

(i) What is the shape of red blood cells?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

(1)

(ii) State the function and one adaptation of red blood cells.

Function:

…………………………………………………………………………………………

Adaptation:

…………………………………………………………………………………………

(2)

(b) In the pictures below different types of specialized animal cells are shown.

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Complete the table by stating the name of each cell, the body system that is part of,

one adaptation of each cell based on its function, and if it is a haploid or diploid cell.

(10)

(Total 13 marks)

Name

of

cell

Body

system

Adaptation Haploid

or

diploid

A

B

C

D

A B C D

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10. Bacteria reproduce by a process called binary fission. The diagram shows

how this process is carried out.

(a) Name another unicellular organism that performs binary fusion.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(1)

(b) What type of reproduction bacteria perform? Justify your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………….......

(2)

(Total 3 marks)

single parent bacterial cell

genetic material is copied

and the cell starts to divide

two genetically identical

daughter cells are produced

genetic

material

Genetic

material

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11. (a) One characteristic of all living organisms is reproduction. Carefully study

the diagram below and tick ( ) where on the female body, the reproductive

system is located.

Tick one box.

(1)

(b) The diagram shows a baby developing inside its mother’s body.

A

B

uterus

amniotic

fluid

placenta

vagina

C

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(i) Name structures A, B and C.

A: …………………………………………………

B: ……………………………………………….

C: ………………………………………………... (3)

(c) State two important roles of the amniotic fluid throughout the development of

the embryo/fetus.

1…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………......

2 ………………………………………………………...............................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

(2)

(d) State what would occur to the menstrual cycle if implantation does not takes place.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(1)

(Total 7 marks)

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12. From the stage of implantation and throughout gestation the embryo/fetus requires nutrients and oxygen in order to survive and develop normally.

(a) Fill the empty box below with the name of the structure that nutrients

and oxygen pass through before they enter fetal circulation.

(1)

(b) State 3 substances that are harmful to the embryo/fetus that can pass

through the placenta

1. …………………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………………..

3. ……………………………………………………………………..

(3)

(Total 4 marks)

Maternal

circulation

Placenta Fetal

circulation

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13. (a) Label on the diagram the following structures:

A: nucleus

B: middle piece

C: tail

(3)

(b) State the organ that produces the male sex cell shown above.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(1)

(c) The diagram of a female sex cell is given below. Name the structures A and B.

A: ………………………………………………

B: ………………………………………………

A

B

(2)

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(d) In the table below, state 2 secondary sex characteristics that occur only in males and 1 characteristic that occurs in both males and females.

(3)

(Total 9 marks)

Secondary sex characteristics

Males 1

2

Common for both males and females.

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PHYSICS SECTION

You are advised not to spend more than 30 minutes on this section.

14. A circuit is shown below.

openswitch

A D

bulb Ybulb XC B

(a) The switch is open. Steven connects point A to point B with a

piece of copper wire.

Which bulbs, if any, light up?

..................................................................................................................

(1)

(b) Steven removes the copper wire and uses it to connect point C to point D.

The switch is still open.

Which bulbs, if any, light up?

..................................................................................................................

(1)

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(c) Steven removes the copper wire and closes the switch. Both bulbs light up, but not very brightly. He then uses the copper wire to connect point B to point C.

closed switch

bulb Ybulb XC B

wire

Choose from the following words to answer the questions below.

gets brighter stays the same goes out

(i) What happens to bulb X? …………………………………..

(1)

(ii) What happens to bulb Y? …………………………………..

(1)

(d) Steven removes the copper wire. The switch is still closed. Both bulbs light up, but not very brightly. He then uses the copper wire to connect point A to point B.

closed switch

bulb Ybulb X

A

B

wire

Choose from the following words to answer the questions below.

gets brighter stays the same gets dimmer goes out

(i) What happens to bulb X? …………………………………….. (1)

(ii) What happens to bulb Y? …………………………………….. (1)

(Total 6 marks)

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15. The back window of this car contains a heating element.

The heating element is part of an electrical circuit connected to the battery of the car.

The diagrams below show two ways of connecting the circuit of a heating element.

circuit A circuit B

(a) Give the name of each type of circuit:

circuit A ...................................................................

(1)

circuit B ...................................................................

(1)

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(b) A wire gets broken at point X on circuit A and at point Y on circuit B.

circuit A circuit B

YX

When the switch is closed, how does the broken wire affect the heating element in:

(i) circuit A? ..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

(2)

(ii) circuit B? ..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

(2)

(Total 6 marks)

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16. The drawing shows a hairdryer.

Ben drew the diagram below to show the circuit of the hairdryer.

M

switch 1

switch 2

mains powersupply

motor

heater

(a) Which of the switches must be closed for the heater to work? Tick ()

the correct box.

switch switch switches neither switch 1 only 2 only 1 and 2 1 nor 2

(1)

(b) With this circuit, is it possible to have the heater on when the motor is switched off?

…………

s w i t c h 2

s w i t c h 1

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(1)

Explain your answer.

……………..……………………………….…………………..……………..

……………..……………………………….…………………..………………

(2)

(c) The motor and the heater are both on. The motor blows air through the hairdryer. If the motor breaks, what would happen to the temperature of the hairdryer?

……………..……………………………….…………………..………………

(1)

(d) The motor and the heater are both on. Suddenly the wire in the heater breaks. What effect, if any, will this have on the motor?

……………..……………………………….…………………..…………….....

(1)

(Total 6 marks)

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17. Berk connects up the circuit shown below.

The bulb is not bright enough. His friend suggests four circuits which could be used to make the bulb brighter.

circuit A

circuit B

circuit C

circuit D

(a) Which is the correct circuit to use: A, B, C or D?

..............................................

(1) Next Berk sets up circuit E and notes the reading on the ammeter.

A

circuit E

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He then places another bulb in the circuit, to make circuit F.

He notes the ammeter reading in circuit F.

A

circuit F

(b) How will the ammeter reading in circuit F compare with that in circuit E?

The reading in F is:

..................................................................................................................

(1)

Explain you answer.

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

(1)

(c) Draw a circuit diagram in which two bulbs are lit as brightly as the bulb in circuit E, and the ammeter reading is the same as in circuit E.

(4)

(Total 7 marks)

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18. (a) In an iron rod the particles vibrate. If one end of an iron rod is heated, the vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles which are not vibrating so violently.

What is this process called?

……….………………………………

(1) (b) An electric immersion heater is put at the bottom of a large tank of

water.

The water next to the heater becomes warm.

(i) What will happen to the warmed water next to the heater? Give a reason for your answer.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

(2)

(ii) Why can heat not be transferred in this way in an iron rod?

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

(1)

(c) In a liquid, some of the particles have enough kinetic energy to escape from the surface. This process happens even when the liquid is well below its boiling point.

(i) What is this process called? ……………………………………………….

(1)

(ii) How will this affect the temperature of the liquid left in the container?

……………………………………………………………………………

(1)

(Total 6 marks)

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19. John used an electrical heater to heat a plastic cup of water. He kept stirring the water. When the temperature reached 20°C, he started his stopwatch and measured the temperature of the water every half minute.

He switched off the heater after 4 minutes, but continued to record the

temperature. His results are shown in the table.

One measurement is missing and another appears to be wrong.

Time (minutes) Temperature

(ºC)

0.0 20

0.5 26

1.0 31

1.5 36

2.0 41

2.5 46

3.0

3.5 57

4.0 56

4.5 58

5.0 59

5.5 59

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(a) Use the results in the table to draw a graph on the grid. Label the axes. Plot the points and draw a smooth curve of best fit.

( )

( )

(6) (b) From your curve, estimate the temperature of the water after three

minutes.

...............................................................................................................

(2)

(c) On the table, circle the value that you think may be wrong.

...............................................................................................................

(1)

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(d) Give two safety precautions that John would have to take when doing this experiment.

1…………………………………………………………………………………..

2…………………………………………………………………………………..

(2)

(d) John repeated the experiment using a metal cup. Using your knowledge predict how the results would differ from those given in the table.

…………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

(2)

(Total 13 marks)

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20. After running a marathon on a cold day, a runner is wrapped in a blanket made from a shiny material.

(a) Explain how this blanket helps keep the runner warm.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………...........

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

(3)

(b) A bird sitting on a fence next to the runner has its feathers puffed up.

Explain how this helps keep the bird warm.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………...........

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

(3)

(Total 6 marks)