E_NEP_Elec

NEPLAN Users Guide

Electrical

Version 5

Busarello + Cott + Partner Inc. ABB Utilities Gmbh Bahnhofstrasse 40 Kfertalerstrasse 250 CH-8703 Erlenbach D-68167 Mannheim Switzerland Germany Phone: +41 1 914 36 66 +49 621 386 27 86 Fax: +41 1 991 19 71 +49 621 386 27 85 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Internet: www.neplan.ch www.abb.de/neplan

Contents

NEPLAN User's Guide V5 0-2

Contents TUTORIAL...............................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................1 THE USER INTERFACE..............................................................................................................2

Toolbar ...............................................................................................................................2 Workspace ..........................................................................................................................3 Variant Manager ................................................................................................................3 Symbol Window ..................................................................................................................3 Message Window ................................................................................................................3

THE ONLINE HELP ...................................................................................................................4 DATA ORGANIZATION .............................................................................................................5 THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF NEPLAN........................................................................................6

Nodes ..................................................................................................................................6 Elements..............................................................................................................................7 Protection Devices, Current and Voltage Transformers....................................................7 Station.................................................................................................................................7 Symbol ................................................................................................................................8 Switches ..............................................................................................................................8 Zones and Areas .................................................................................................................8 Partial Networks.................................................................................................................8

STEP 1 CREATE A NEW PROJECT .........................................................................................10 STEP 2 ENTER A SMALL NETWORK......................................................................................12

Input data..........................................................................................................................12 Enter the network..............................................................................................................14 Test your network .............................................................................................................20

STEP 3 INSERT HEADER, SAVE, PRINT, EXIT ......................................................................23 Insert Header ....................................................................................................................23 Save the network ...............................................................................................................25 Print the diagram..............................................................................................................26 Close and open projects ...................................................................................................27

STEP 4 USE OF DIAGRAMS, LAYERS, AREAS AND ZONES...................................................29 Use of Diagrams...............................................................................................................29 Use of graphic layers........................................................................................................34 Define and assign Areas and Zones .................................................................................39

STEP 5 CREATE AND USE LIBRARIES...................................................................................47 Create a new Library........................................................................................................47 Import data from a library................................................................................................51 Update your network data with a library type .................................................................52 Export data to a library ....................................................................................................53

STEP 6 DEFINE VARIANTS ...................................................................................................56 Insert new Subvariants .....................................................................................................57 Save modifications to the variants....................................................................................60 Create and assign a Topology Data File..........................................................................63 Create and assign a Load Data File ................................................................................66

Contents


LOAD FLOW CALCULATION...................................................................................................69 SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATION..............................................................................................77 TRANSIENT STABILITY ANALYSIS .........................................................................................85 INTERFACES TO NEPLAN ...................................................................................................107 TIPS FROM THE PRACTICE....................................................................................................109

Asymmetrical Network Structure....................................................................................109 Load Flow.......................................................................................................................109

MENU OPTIONS .....................................................................................................................1 FILE .........................................................................................................................................1

New .....................................................................................................................................1 Open ...................................................................................................................................1 Close ...................................................................................................................................1 Save.....................................................................................................................................1 Save As ...............................................................................................................................2 Print ... ................................................................................................................................2 Print Preview ... ..................................................................................................................2 Print Setup ... ......................................................................................................................2 Page Setup ... ......................................................................................................................2 Print on One Page ... ..........................................................................................................2 Import ... .............................................................................................................................2 Export ... .............................................................................................................................3 Exit......................................................................................................................................3

INSERT.....................................................................................................................................4 Edit Options........................................................................................................................4 Elements..............................................................................................................................5 AC-Line and Bus.................................................................................................................5 DC and Asym. Line/Bus......................................................................................................6 Nested Block .......................................................................................................................7 Link .....................................................................................................................................7 Map.....................................................................................................................................7 Calibration Symbol.............................................................................................................7 Header ................................................................................................................................8 Color Legend ......................................................................................................................8 Line Legend ........................................................................................................................8 Control Circuit ...................................................................................................................8 Function Block Menu..........................................................................................................9

EDIT.......................................................................................................................................10 Undo .................................................................................................................................10 Redo ..................................................................................................................................10 Cut ....................................................................................................................................10 Copy..................................................................................................................................10 Paste .................................................................................................................................10 Delete................................................................................................................................10 Data ..................................................................................................................................11 Graphics ...........................................................................................................................14 Search ...............................................................................................................................15 Statistics............................................................................................................................16 Diagram Properties ..........................................................................................................16 Variant Properties ............................................................................................................26

VIEW .....................................................................................................................................27

Contents


Redraw..............................................................................................................................27 Variant Manager ..............................................................................................................27 Message Window ..............................................................................................................27 Symbol Window ................................................................................................................27 Ruler .................................................................................................................................27 Page Bounds .....................................................................................................................27 Grid...................................................................................................................................27 Snap to Grid......................................................................................................................28 Snape to Angle ..................................................................................................................28 Grid Properties.................................................................................................................28 Zoom Normal....................................................................................................................28 Zoom Percent....................................................................................................................28 Zoom Custom....................................................................................................................28 Zoom to Fit .......................................................................................................................28 Show Full Screen ..............................................................................................................29

ANALYSIS ..............................................................................................................................30 Calculation .......................................................................................................................30 Partial Network ................................................................................................................30 Parameter .........................................................................................................................31 Results...............................................................................................................................31

LIBRARIES .............................................................................................................................32 Libraries ...........................................................................................................................32 Symbol Library .................................................................................................................32 Set Active Library .............................................................................................................32 Copy to Diagram Library .................................................................................................32 Past from Diagram Library..............................................................................................32 Edit Diagram Library.......................................................................................................32 Import Old CCT Library...................................................................................................33

OPTIONS ................................................................................................................................34 Header ..............................................................................................................................34 Project Description...........................................................................................................34 Measurement and Size ......................................................................................................34 Calibrate...........................................................................................................................34 Insert Calibration Symbol ................................................................................................34 Make Backup ....................................................................................................................35 License ..............................................................................................................................35

WINDOW................................................................................................................................36 New Window .....................................................................................................................36 Cascade ............................................................................................................................36 Tile ....................................................................................................................................36 Arrange Icons ...................................................................................................................36

HELP......................................................................................................................................37 Help Topics.......................................................................................................................37 About Neplan ....................................................................................................................37

VARIANT MANAGER..............................................................................................................38 Variants ............................................................................................................................38 Diagrams ..........................................................................................................................38 All Elements ......................................................................................................................38 Elements............................................................................................................................39

TOOLBAR...............................................................................................................................40 MOUSE BUTTONS ..................................................................................................................41

Contents


Left Mouse Button.............................................................................................................41 Right Mouse Button ..........................................................................................................41

ELEMENT DATA INPUT AND MODELS ..........................................................................1 DATA INPUT DIALOGS OF NETWORK ELEMENTS .....................................................................1

Classification of Data in the Data Input Dialog ................................................................1 Element - Info .....................................................................................................................2 Element - Reliability ...........................................................................................................3 Element - User Data ...........................................................................................................3 Element - More................................................................................................................4

STATION ..................................................................................................................................7 NODE.......................................................................................................................................9 DC NODE ..............................................................................................................................11 LINE.......................................................................................................................................12 ASYMMETRICAL LINE............................................................................................................20 DC LINE ................................................................................................................................26 LINE-COUPLING.....................................................................................................................28 PYLON ...................................................................................................................................33 COUPLER ...............................................................................................................................34 REACTOR...............................................................................................................................36 TRANSFORMER ......................................................................................................................38 ASYMMETRICAL TRANSFORMER............................................................................................51 THREE WINDINGS TRANSFORMER .........................................................................................55 FOUR WINDINGS TRANSFORMER ...........................................................................................62 SHUNT ...................................................................................................................................66 CONVERTER...........................................................................................................................70 SVC (CONTROLLED STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR)...............................................................78 STATCOM (STATIC COMPENSATOR) ...................................................................................82 TCSC ....................................................................................................................................85 UPFC ....................................................................................................................................89 NETWORK FEEDER.................................................................................................................92 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE......................................................................................................95 ASYNCHRONOUS MACHINE .................................................................................................116 PS-BLOCK ...........................................................................................................................130 LOAD...................................................................................................................................134 DC LOAD ............................................................................................................................144 LINE LOAD ..........................................................................................................................146 USER DEFINED SCALING FACTORS ......................................................................................151 FILTER .................................................................................................................................155 SERIE-R-L-C (WITHOUT EARTH CONNECTION) ...................................................................160 PARALLEL-RLC ..................................................................................................................163 SERIE-E-RLC (WITH EARTH CONNECTION) ........................................................................166 DISCONNECT-SWITCH..........................................................................................................169 LOAD-SWITCH .....................................................................................................................171 CIRCUITBREAKER ................................................................................................................173 FUSE ....................................................................................................................................175 OVERCURRENT RELAY ........................................................................................................176 DISTANCE RELAY ................................................................................................................178 FREQUENCY RELAY.............................................................................................................179 VOLTAGE RELAY.................................................................................................................180 POWER RELAY.....................................................................................................................181

Contents


CURRENT TRANSFORMER ....................................................................................................182 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER ....................................................................................................183 HARMONIC CURRENT SOURCE.............................................................................................184 HARMONIC VOLTAGE SOURCE ............................................................................................185 SERIES EQUIVALENT LF ......................................................................................................186 SERIES EQUIVALENT SC ......................................................................................................188 SHUNT EQUIVALENT LF ......................................................................................................190 SHUNT EQUIVALENT SC ......................................................................................................192 EARTH SWITCH....................................................................................................................194 SURGE ARRESTER................................................................................................................195 MEASUREMENT DEVICE ......................................................................................................196 CONTROL CIRCUIT CCT ......................................................................................................198 FUNCTION BLOCKS ..............................................................................................................200

LOAD FLOW ...........................................................................................................................1 CALCULATION PARAMETERS (LF)...........................................................................................1 RESULTS (LF)..........................................................................................................................6

Select Results ......................................................................................................................6 Show Results .......................................................................................................................6

THEORY OF LOAD FLOW CALCULATION................................................................................10 VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATION .............................................................................................16 REFERENCE VOLTAGES ..........................................................................................................18 DESCRIPTION OF THE RESULTS ..............................................................................................18 CONTINGENCY (OUTAGE) ANALYSIS ....................................................................................19 CALCULATION WITH DISTRIBUTED SLACK ............................................................................19 CALCULATION WITH LOAD BALANCE....................................................................................19 AREA/ZONE CONTROL (LF)...................................................................................................20

Wheeling not allowed (option disabled) ...........................................................................22 Wheeling allowed (option enabled) ..................................................................................24

ASYMMETRICAL LOAD FLOW ................................................................................................26 LOAD FLOW WITH LOAD PROFILES........................................................................................28

Calculation Parameters....................................................................................................28 Results...............................................................................................................................29 Theory...............................................................................................................................31

OPTIMAL POWER FLOW (OPF, TRANSMISSION) .......................................................1 CALCULATION PARAMETERS (OPF) ........................................................................................1 RESULTS (OPF) .......................................................................................................................7

Select Results ......................................................................................................................7 Show Results .......................................................................................................................7

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAM ..........................................................................11 OBJECTIVE FUNCTION ...........................................................................................................12 RUNNING THE OPF PROGRAM...............................................................................................13

SHORT CIRCUIT....................................................................................................................1 CALCULATION PARAMETERS (SC)...........................................................................................1

Parameter ...........................................................................................................................1 Faulted nodes .....................................................................................................................3 Faulted lines .......................................................................................................................5 Special fault ........................................................................................................................5

RESULTS (SC)..........................................................................................................................9

Contents


Show Results .......................................................................................................................9 THEORY OF SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATION...........................................................................15

A Comparison of the Methods: .........................................................................................17 Network Type IEC ............................................................................................................18 The Initial Short Circuit Current Ik" ................................................................................20 The Initial Short Circuit Power Sk"..................................................................................20 The Peak Short Circuit Current Ip ...................................................................................20 The Short Circuit Breaking Current Ib.............................................................................21 The Steady State Current Ik..............................................................................................22 The Thermal Short Circuit Current Ith.............................................................................23 The D.C. Component of Short Circuit Current iDC.........................................................23 The Asymmetrical Breaking Current Iasy ........................................................................23 The ANSI/IEEE-currents ..................................................................................................24 The symmetrical 0.5 cycles current ..................................................................................24 The asymmetrical 0.5 cycle current..................................................................................24 The symmetrical interrupting current (x cycles current)..................................................24 The symmetrical steady state (30 cycles) current.............................................................25 ANSI Standard C37.013 ...................................................................................................25

CALCULATION OF PARTIAL NETWORKS (SC) ........................................................................27

SELECTIVITY ANALYSIS....................................................................................................1 THE SELECTIVITY MODULE ......................................................................................................1

Installation..........................................................................................................................1 Functions of the independent E_SelModul.exe module......................................................1 Functions of the interactive graphic E_E32.exe ................................................................2

GENERAL.................................................................................................................................3 The menus and icons...........................................................................................................3 The list of elements .............................................................................................................3 System parameters ..............................................................................................................4 Project information.............................................................................................................4

INTEGRATION IN THE INTERACTIVE GRAPHIC ...........................................................................5 General ...............................................................................................................................5 Editing of protection device data........................................................................................5 Protection device response.................................................................................................7 Creating selectivity diagrams.............................................................................................7 Editing selectivity diagrams ...............................................................................................9 Parameters..........................................................................................................................9

THE CURRENT-TIME DIAGRAMS .............................................................................................10 General .............................................................................................................................10 Diagram properties ..........................................................................................................10 Saving the diagram or copying to the clipboard ..............................................................12

THE CHARACTERISTIC EDITOR ...............................................................................................13 The dialog window............................................................................................................13 Graphical input and editing of characteristics.................................................................14 Numerical input of characteristic points ..........................................................................15 Specifying standard characteristics..................................................................................15 Creating tolerance characteristics ...................................................................................16

THE MODULE EDITOR.............................................................................................................17 Editing of protection modules...........................................................................................17 Characteristics..................................................................................................................18 Coding of the setting ranges.............................................................................................22

Contents


Tolerances ........................................................................................................................22 Setup of protection modules .............................................................................................23

THE DEVICE EDITOR...............................................................................................................25 General .............................................................................................................................25 Adding new protection devices, wizards...........................................................................25 Editing of protection devices ............................................................................................26

THE DIAGRAM EDITOR ...........................................................................................................35 The selectivity diagram dialog window............................................................................35 Editing selectivity diagrams .............................................................................................36

DOCUMENTATION, PRINT OUTPUT .........................................................................................38 General .............................................................................................................................38 Library data......................................................................................................................39 Protection device setting tables and selectivity diagrams................................................39

DISTANCE PROTECTION....................................................................................................1 OVERVIEW...............................................................................................................................1 MENU OPTIONS FOR RELAYS...................................................................................................2 STARTER..................................................................................................................................4

Overcurrent ........................................................................................................................4 Under Impedance ...............................................................................................................4 Starter Characteristic L-L ..................................................................................................6 Earth Faults Detection .......................................................................................................8 Starter Characteristic L-E ..................................................................................................9

TRIPPING ...............................................................................................................................10 Impedance Stages for User Defined Relay .......................................................................10 Tripping Characteristic L-L .............................................................................................11 Tripping Characteristic L-E .............................................................................................11 Setting Parameters for Predefined Relays........................................................................11 ABB REL316.....................................................................................................................12 Siemens 7SA511, 7SA513 .................................................................................................13 AEG PD531, PD551, SD36..............................................................................................14 Back-up Protection ...........................................................................................................15 Automatic Impedance Setting ...........................................................................................16

TRIPPING TIME ......................................................................................................................19 Input..................................................................................................................................19 Automatic Time Setting.....................................................................................................19

VIEW .....................................................................................................................................20 Starter ...............................................................................................................................20 Tripping ............................................................................................................................20 Tripping Schedule.............................................................................................................21 Network Impedances (Impedance Path)...........................................................................22 Dimensions .......................................................................................................................22

PARAMETER (DP) ..................................................................................................................24 Global Parameter (DP) ....................................................................................................24 Relay-Specific Parameters ...............................................................................................26

TRIPPING SCHEDULES ............................................................................................................27 Build-up ............................................................................................................................27 Edit....................................................................................................................................27 Scrolling forward/backward.............................................................................................28

PROCEDURE FOR ENTERING A RELAY....................................................................................29 RELAY DOCUMENTATION......................................................................................................30

Contents


CHECKING THE RELAY SETTINGS ..........................................................................................33 Fault Locations.................................................................................................................33 Line Faults........................................................................................................................33 Evaluation According to Fault Locations ........................................................................33 Evaluation According to Relay Location..........................................................................36

HARMONIC ANALYSIS........................................................................................................1 CALCULATION PARAMETERS (HA)..........................................................................................1 THEORY OF HARMONIC AND AUDIO FREQUENCY ANALYSIS...................................................3 RESULTS (HA).......................................................................................................................11

Select Results ....................................................................................................................11 Results Table.....................................................................................................................11 Graphical Results .............................................................................................................13

MOTOR STARTING...............................................................................................................1 CALCULATION PARAMETERS (MS)..........................................................................................1 THEORY OF MOTOR STARTING CALCULATION ........................................................................2

Voltage Drop ......................................................................................................................4 RESULTS (MS).........................................................................................................................5

Select Results ......................................................................................................................5 Results tables ......................................................................................................................5 Graphical Results ...............................................................................................................5

NETWORK REDUCTION .....................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................1 SELECTION OF THE NETWORK TO BE REDUCED .......................................................................1 NETWORK REDUCTION FOR LOAD FLOW.................................................................................2 NETWORK REDUCTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT............................................................................2

VOLTAGE STABILITY .........................................................................................................1 CALCULATION PARAMETERS...................................................................................................1

Sensitivity Analysis / Modal Analysis .................................................................................1 U-Q Curves.........................................................................................................................2 P-U Curves .........................................................................................................................2 Result Files .........................................................................................................................3

RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................4 Graphical Results ...............................................................................................................4 Result Tables.......................................................................................................................5

THEORY...................................................................................................................................6 Introduction ........................................................................................................................6 U-Q Sensitivity Analysis .....................................................................................................6 Q-U Modal Analysis ...........................................................................................................7 U-Q Curves.........................................................................................................................8 P-U Curves .........................................................................................................................9

SMALL SIGNAL STABILITY...............................................................................................1 CALCULATION PARAMETERS...................................................................................................1

Calculation .........................................................................................................................1 Result Files .........................................................................................................................1

RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................2 Graphical Results ...............................................................................................................2 Result Tables.......................................................................................................................3

Contents


THEORY...................................................................................................................................4

TRANSIENT STABILITY ......................................................................................................1 GENERAL REMARKS ................................................................................................................1

Simulation method ..............................................................................................................1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS, PER-UNIT SYSTEM.........................................................................4

Terms and Definitions ........................................................................................................4 Per-Unit System..................................................................................................................4

NETWORK ELEMENTS ..............................................................................................................7 Controlled Admittance........................................................................................................7 Simulation...........................................................................................................................9 Maximum-minimum relays ...............................................................................................10 Distance protection...........................................................................................................11 Pole slip protection...........................................................................................................15 Overcurrent protection .....................................................................................................17

PROGRAM CONTROL ..............................................................................................................21 Simulation run and table output .......................................................................................21 Simulation parameters......................................................................................................22

SYMBOL LIBRARY ...............................................................................................................1 OVERVIEW...............................................................................................................................1 BASIC CONCEPTS.....................................................................................................................1

Symbols of Network Elements.............................................................................................1 Symbols of Protection Devices and Switches .....................................................................2 Symbols for "General Elements" ........................................................................................2 Disconnection Symbol and Flow Indicator ........................................................................2 Drawing Symbols................................................................................................................3

MOUSE BUTTONS ....................................................................................................................3 Select Mode.........................................................................................................................3 Drawing Mode....................................................................................................................3 Double-Click.......................................................................................................................3

GRAPHICAL ELEMENTS............................................................................................................4 Line Width (Symbol Library)..............................................................................................4

REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................1 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES.......................................................................................................1

APPENDIX............................................................................................................................527 THE STRUCTURE OF THE IMPORT-/EXPORT-FILES ...............................................................527

EDT-File.........................................................................................................................527 NDT-File.........................................................................................................................533 Measurement Data / Load Factor Files .........................................................................535 Harmonic limit file..........................................................................................................536

Contents


Menu Options


Menu Options

File

With this option, entire projects and variants can be opened and saved, files and data can be imported and exported.

New Create a new project. A dialog appears, where the following data have to be entered. Location/Directory Location to save the project. Project name Name of the project. Network Type The user has to choose between an electrical, a water

or a gas network. Project Description Description of the project. Diagram Size Choose page format for diagram representation. Horizontal Defines if the page is horizontal or vertical, for diagram

representation.

Open ... Open an existing project (*.nepprj file). It's possible to have opened various projects at the same time.

Close Close the active project.

Save Save the active project with the predefined filename. The filename can not be changed. Saving should be done from time to time to avoid data losses.

Menu Options

3-2 NEPLAN User's Guide V5

Save As ... Save the active project into a *.nepprj file. A new filename can be entered. Saving should be done from time to time to avoid data losses. It's possible to save the network topology and the load data into separate files, what makes the calculation of different variants and cases easier to handle.

Print ... Print the active diagram, with the adjustments made in Page Setup and Print Setup.

Print Preview ... Print preview of the active diagram.

Print Setup ... Setup the printer settings.

Page Setup ... Setup the page settings. Margins may be defined.

Print on One Page ... If active, the diagram will be printed on one page.

Import ... The following file types may be imported: Topology Data (*.zdb) Loading Data (*.ndb) Element-Table (*.edt) Node-Table (*.ndt) Measurement Data DXF-File IEEE CF-File PSS/E-File BPA-File

Menu Options


UCTE-File GIS/NMS/SCADA-Interface (static part of network) GIS/NMS/SCADA-Interface (dynamic part of network, SCADA) SQL Database Version 4.x

Projects Files (*.mcb) Differences File (*.vel) SQL Database

EDT- and NDT-files (Element Data Tables) are files, which can be generated and read by external programs, such as MS-Excel. These files should be used as interfaces to other programs. (see "The Structure of the Import-/Export-Files" in the Appendix).

Export ... NEPLAN Data may be exported to the following data formats. Topology Data (*.zdb) Loading Data (*.ndb) Element-Table (*.edt) Node-Table (*.ndt) SQL Database PSS/E-file Over current relays (*.sel) GIS/NMS-Interface (static part) Bitmap (*.jpg) ABB SIMPOW UCTE-File

The EDT- and NDT-files are ASCII files and can be handled by external programs, such as MS-Excel. These files should be used as interfaces to external programs.

Exit Exit the program. If the current project is not saved, a message will appear.

Menu Options


Insert

Edit Options In "Edit Options" general settings are defined, which concern the insertion of elements in the diagram. These Options have to be adjusted for every project independently.

Edit Options

Show dialog on insert elements

If checked, the Data Input Dialog will appear when inserting an element.

Update colors on insert

The colors of the elements will be updated, when inserting a new element.

Combined operation logical/technical line switch

If checked, the lines logical switches are switched together with the Switch Devices, which are placed on the line ends.

Unique Names If checked, the element names have to be unique. Otherwise the same name may be used for different elements. This is possible because NEPLAN identifies the elements with the unique ID-number and not with the name.

Unique Block Names

If checked, the names of function blocks have to be unique. Otherwise the same name may be used for different function blocks.

Drawing Scale Calculate Length according to Scale of Map.

If checked, the length of the lines will be calculated automatically according to the scale and the drawing length of the lines.

Drawing Scale 1: Enter the drawing scale.

Default Text Positions In this tab, it may be defined where the text labels have to be placed after inserting a new element. For elements such as nodes, lines, protections/switches, 1-port elements, 2 and n-port elements, you may choose between one of the following text positions:

Center

Menu Options


Top-Center Bottom-Center Left-Center Right-Center

For busbars, choose between the position "Outside" or "Inside".

There is a button to reset the settings to default text positions, which are the following: Node:

Center Busbar:

Outside Lines:

Center Protections/Switches:

Left-Center 1-Port Elements:

Bottom Center 2 and n-Port Elements:

Right Center

Elements Option to make appear or disappear the Element-Symbol Window in the work-space. To enter an element in the diagram, just click on the symbol in the Element-Symbol Window, hold the mouse button and drag the symbol to the diagram. When an element has been entered in the diagram, it gets a unique ID-number. You may draw an element more than once in the same project. If you wish to enter an already existing element again in the same diagram or in an other diagram, you can press the ""-button next to the name-field in the Info-tab of the Data Input Dialog. All existing elements of the same type will be listed and you can select one. The same elements represented in different locations, will all have the same ID-number. The option to make appear or disappear the Symbol Window is also available in the Toolbar.

AC-Line and Bus

AC-Node Insert a standard AC-node in the diagram.

Menu Options


AC-Busbar Insert an AC-Busbar in the diagram. A busbar may be inserted as a round point by one mouse click in the diagram (AC-node) or as a horizontal or vertical bar by clicking in the diagram and holding the mouse button to draw the busbar with the length you want (AC-Busbar). You may draw a busbar more than once in the same project. If you wish to enter an already existing busbar again in the same diagram or in other diagram, you can press the ""-button next to the name-field in the Info-tab of the Data Input Dialog. All existing busbars of the same type will be listed and you can select one. The same busbars represented in different locations, will all have the same ID-number. The function to insert an AC-Busbar is also available in the Toolbar.

AC-Busbar (Polygon) To insert an AC-Busbar as a polygon. The user can draw the busbar in the way he wishes.

AC-Line To enter an AC-line, choose this function, which is available as well in the Toolbar. Click on a node to define the starting point of the line, go on clicking for additional line supporting points and click again on a node to end the line.

DC and Asym. Line/Bus

DC-Busbar To insert a DC-Busbar (DC-node) in the diagram. A standard node may be inserted as a round point (one mouse click in the diagram) or as a horizontal or vertical line (click in the diagram and hold the mouse button to draw the node with the length you want). If you wish to draw the same node several times, in the same diagram or in other diagrams, you can press the ""-button, next to the name-field of the Data Input Dialog. The node you want to draw again, may be selected from a list of all existing nodes. The same node represented in different locations, will always have the same ID-number. The function to insert a DC-Busbar (DC-node) is also available in the Toolbar.

Menu Options


DC-Line To enter a DC-line, choose this function, which is available as well in the Toolbar. Click on a node to define the starting point of the line, go on clicking for additional line supporting points and click again on a node to end the line.

Asymmetrical-Line To enter an asymmetrical line. Click on a node to define the starting point of the line, go on clicking for additional line supporting points and click again on a node to define the end of the line.

Nested Block A nested Block builds a link to an other diagram. When entering a nested block, a new diagram will be opened. It can be used for example to present a detailed view of a substation or to enter a lower voltage level network.

Link A link, which is available as well in the Toolbar, is used to connect elements with nodes. No data can be entered for the links; electrically they just make a direct connection. When the links between elements and nodes are entered, also the logical switches appear. These logical switches can be switched off and on in the Element Data Input Dialog, or by double clicking on the switch.

Map NEPLAN allows to import a scanned raster image (e.g. PCX, TIFF, TGA). This can be a geographic map, which can be used as background information. The network can be entered on the geographic map. This map (cadastre) can be calibrated, so real world coordinates can be used and the line length will automatically be determined and inserted in the line data input dialog.

Calibration Symbol Insert this Symbol in the diagram to calibrate the map. An inserted map (cadastre) can be calibrated, so that real world coordinates can be used. The length of the lines will then be calculated automatically during data input. The calibration has to be done with two points. Insert a calibration symbol to

Menu Options


each of these two reference points. In the calibration symbols, X and Y coordinates have to be inserted as shown below. For the automatic calculation of the line length only the distance between the two points is important. If there is a scale on the map, which shows how much a certain distance is in meter or feet, then drawing scale can be calculated with a horizontal line (e.g. scale on the map is 500 m: X1=Y1=0 and X2=500 m, Y2=0).

500 m0 m

Drawing scale

X1=0, Y1=0 X2=500, Y2=0

Header A header may be entered anywhere in the diagram.

Color Legend A color legend may be entered anywhere in the diagram.

Line Legend A line legend, which shows the line width, defined for the ranges of a certain variable, may be entered anywhere in the diagram. The defined line width, the ranges and the variable may be modified in "Edit - Diagram Properties - Line".

Control Circuit A control circuit can be entered anywhere in the diagram. By entering a Control Circuit CCT, a new diagram will be opened, where the respective control circuit may be designed, using several function blocks. There is no difference in the diagrams, used for control circuit (function block) entries and network entries. Control circuits (function blocks) and networks could even be entered in the same diagrams.

Menu Options


For more information about Control Circuits and function blocks see chapter "Element Data Input and Models".

Function Block Menu If this option is activated, the menu "Insert Block" replaces the menu "Insert". With this menu, function blocks may be entered to build a Control Circuit. Function Blocks, respectively Control Circuits have to be entered in diagrams. There is no difference in the diagrams, used for control circuit entries and network entries. Control circuits and networks could even be entered in the same diagrams. For more information about Control Circuits and function blocks see chapter "Element Data Input and Models".

Menu Options


Edit

Undo To undo the last action.

Redo To redo an undid action.

Cut Cuts all marked elements. Use the paste option, to move the elements in the active diagram at the position of the last mouse click. It is also possible to copy the elements into an other project.

Copy Copies all marked elements. Use the paste option, to paste a copy of the elements in the active diagram at the position of the last mouse click. It is also possible to paste the elements into an other project.

Paste Elements, which have been previously selected with the menu items "Cut" or "Copy" can be pasted in the active diagram at the position of the last mouse click. It is also possible to copy the data from an other project.

Delete All marked elements will be deleted.

Menu Options


Data

Element Properties Shows the Data Input Dialog of the selected element. The same is possible by double clicking the element or by clicking the right mouse button, when the mouse position is on the respective element.

Show Properties in Grid Shows most data of all elements, which are of the same type as the selected element. The same is possible by clicking the right mouse button, when the mouse position is on an element of the respective type.

Result-Dialog Not active.

Variant Info Shows information about the element and its modifications in the variants.

Assign Areas / Zones

With this option the user can assign a predefined area or zone name to a selected element group or/and to a partial network. All selected elements and nodes will get the same area or zone name. Various zones may be defined within an area. Area Check this box if you want to assign an area to an element

group or/and to a partial network. Chose the name of the area, which you want to assign.

Zone Check this box if you want to assign a zone to an element group or/and to a partial network. Chose the name of the zone, which you want to assign.

Assign to graphical selection

Check this option, if you want to assign an area or zone to a group of elements and nodes. This option is only active, if a group of elements and nodes have been selected graphically.

Assign to all elements of selected partial network

Check this option, if you want to assign an area or zone to a partial network. If the respective partial network doesn't exist yet, the user can create it temporary (disconnect a network part from the rest), before calling this assignment dialog. The ID of the respective partial network has to be chosen from a list. To know the ID, the user has first to consult an element Info tab of the respective partial network. After the assignment, the partial network can be connected again with the whole

Menu Options


network. OK By pressing the OK-button, the assignment will be realized. Cancel Quit the dialog, without doing any assignment.

Operational Data In this menu point, the operational data of all synchronous machines, asynchronous machines, loads and feeders in the network are presented. As well all predefined and all user defined scaling factors are indicated. The following push buttons are available for all dialog tabs:

Show Dialog By pressing this button, the data input dialog of the selected element will appear.

Find An element can be searched. Delete The selected element will be deleted. Show Graphics By pressing this button, the selected element will be shown in

the single line diagram.

For more information about the operational parameter of the elements see the respective section in chapter "Element Data Input and Models".

Predefined Scaling Factors Predefined Scaling Factors for the network and the zones may be defined and modified by the user. Depending on the Predefined Scaling Factors, the resulting powers for the whole network and every zone will be displayed. In the following table the different scaling factors are explained.

Type Type of the network part (whole network, zones or areas). Predefined Scaling Factors may be defined only for the whole network and the zones.

Name Name of the zones and areas, existing in the project. Gen. P Factor Predefined Scaling Factor for the active power of all generating

elements. Gen. P Total Total operational active power of all generating elements of the

respective network part. Load P Factor Predefined Scaling Factor for the active power of all loading

elements. Load P Total Total operational active power of all loading elements of the

respective network part.

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respective network part. Sum P Displays the sum of generated and consumed active power for

the network, areas and zones. Gen. Q Factor Predefined Scaling Factor for the reactive power of all

generating elements. Gen. Q Total Total operational reactive power of all generating elements of

the respective network part. Load Q Factor Predefined Scaling Factor for the reactive power of all loading

elements. Load Q Total Total operational reactive power of all loading elements of the

respective network part. Inductive Shunts Q Factor

Predefined Scaling Factor for the reactive power of all inductive shunts.

Inductive Shunts Q Total

Total operational reactive power of all inductive shunts of the respective network part.

Capacitive Shunts Q Factor

Predefined Scaling Factor for the reactive power of all capacitive shunts.

Capacitive Shunts Q Total

Total operational reactive power of all capacitive shunts of the respective network part.

Sum Q Displays the sum of generated and consumed reactive power for the network, areas and zones.

Reserves Qind Reserves of inductive reactive power in the network part. Considered is inductive power, which is variable and could be demanded if its necessary to keep the inductive power balance, with respect of the voltage regulation. The following elements may contribute to this inductive reactive power reserves: - Shunt in the discrete or continuous mode - Generator, when operating as a PV type (Qmin, Qmax) - SVC

Reserves Qcap Reserves of capacitive reactive power in the network part. Considered is capacitive power, which is variable and could be demanded if its necessary to keep the inductive power balance, with respect of the voltage regulation. The following elements may contribute to this capacitive reactive power reserves: - Shunt in the discrete or continuous mode

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- Generator, when operating as a PV type (Qmin, Qmax) - SVC

Remark: The effective Scaling Factor for an element is built by the product of the network, the zone and the assigned Scaling Factor: For P: fep=fnp*fzp*fap For Q: feq=fnq*fzq*faq

The assigned Scaling Factor of an element may contain User Defined Scaling Factors (see chapter Element Data Input and Models).

User Defined Scaling Factors In this tab, the user defined scaling factors are presented. The description, how to enter these scaling factors and the characteristic curves, can be found in chapter "Element Data Input and Models".

Define Scaling Factors In chapter "Element Data Input and Models" it is explained how to define these User Defined Scaling Factors.

Graphics

Properties To be able to select the properties menu, click on a graphical component first. The same properties menu may be called by clicking the right mouse button on a component. Depending on the graphical component the user has some of the following properties available. Text The text position in the text field may be defined. Line The color, style and width of the line can be selected. Fill It's possible to define a foreground and a background color as well

as a hatch. Font Use this properties tab to select the font type, size and color.

Menu Options


Map properties To modify the properties of the map.

Color individual For coloring with the individual color. This color is defined in the graphic properties of the element.

Show/Hide Label Click on the element and choose this option to show the label. Click on the label and choose this option to hide the label.

Default Properties Default graphic properties may be defined. Line The color, style and width of the line can be selected. Fill It's possible to define a foreground and a background color as well

as a hatch. Font Use this properties tab to select the font type, size and color.

Delete only Graphic Option to delete only the graphic of the element. The element will remain in the database.

Search An element or node may be searched in the single line diagram by the ID, the name or the description. ID, Name, Description

Choose the respective option, to search for the ID, the name or the description.

Match case Check this box to search for an element, while the case of each character has to match.

Match whole word only

Check this box to search for an element, while the whole word has to match.

Menu Options


Statistics In this dialog, statistic information about the elements in the project is given. This menu can also be called by clicking the right mouse button. Some of the element parameters, are displayed in the statistic tables. For a description of these parameters see chapter "Element Data Input and Models". For the elements and graphic components presented in the statistics, information is given about their location, the zone, area and partial network they belong to and on which diagrams they appear. By double clicking a row of a certain element or graphic component, the respective Data Input Dialog appears, and all data of the element are accessible and may be modified. Statistics are presented for the following criterias: Statistics General statistic, which shows a listing of all existing element

types in the project. For every element type, the number of elements is indicated, as well as the number of elements with and without a graphical representation.

Elements All elements of the project are listed in a table. Isolated Nodes All nodes, which have no other component connected, are

listed. Unconnected Elements

All elements, which are not connected graphically at least on one side with an other element, are listed.

Open Elements All elements with an open logical switch at least on one side, are listed.

Links All links of the project are listed. Graphics All graphic components are listed.

Diagram Properties Diagram Properties contain all settings concerning the network diagram and the presentation of the calculation results. This menu can also be called by clicking the right mouse button, or by double clicking the left mouse button in the diagram space.

General Data

Name Name of diagram. Description Description of diagram. Display

Menu Options


Logical Switch Display logical switches in this diagram. Flow Arrow Display flow arrows in this diagram. Diagram Frame Display diagram frame. Frame The frame borders can be modified. Grid To activate the grid and to modify its properties.

Diagram Background Color

To choose the background color of the diagram.

Apply Properties to all Diagrams

The defined diagram properties will be applied to all diagrams of the project by pressing this button.

Colors

Voltage levels Check this box to display all voltage levels in different colors. To choose the colors, press the button "Color".

Phases Check this box to display different phase configurations in other colors.

Partial Networks Check this box to display all partial networks in different colors. To choose the colors, press the button "Color".

Galvanic separated Networks

Check this box to display all galvanic separated networks in different colors. To choose the colors, press the button "Color".

Network Areas Check this box to display all network areas in different colors. To choose the colors, press the button "Color".

Network Zones Check this box to display all network zones in different colors. To choose the colors, press the button "Color".

Unfeeded Networks Check this box to display unfeeded networks in a different color. The color may be selected.

Earthed Branches Check this box to display earthed branches in a different color. The color may be selected.

Overloaded Elements Check this box to display overloaded elements in a different color. The color may be selected.

Projected Elements Check this box to display projected elements in a different color. The color may be selected.

Line Loads Check this box to display line loads in a different color. The color may be selected.

Differences from Parent Variant

Displays the differences related to the parent variant in a different color. The color may be selected.

Menu Options


Differences from Root Variant

Displays the differences related to the root variant in a different color. The color may be selected.

Individual Displays the individual colored elements in their individual color.

Other Coloring Color Ranges Color the network, depending on the calculation results,

according to ranges. To define the ranges see the Color Ranges tab.

Colors Graphic Layers

Press this button to define in which graphic layers the elements should be colored depending on the calculation results. A list of all graphic layers appears, where the checkbox "ColoredSelect" may be checked.

Color Ranges For nodes and elements, the user can define color ranges for different output variables. The ranges for the different colors can be defined arbitrary. Object Choose the object (Elements or Nodes) for which the

ranges shall be defined. In the network, the elements and nodes will be colored according to their assigned ranges.

Value x Value, on which the coloration depends. Ranges Number of ranges, colors and range limits have to be

defined. Set Values proportional

If this box is checked, the total range will be divided proportionally in the number of subranges and the limits will be set respectively. In this case the limits can't be edited. If the box is not checked, the range limits may be entered from the user.

Color according to ranges

Check this box to activate the coloration of the elements and nodes depending on the calculation results and according to the defined ranges.

Labels The elements, nodes and result labels may be adapted as follows: Nodes/Stations

Menu Options


ID Displays ID-Number in the label. Name Displays the node/station name in the label. Description Displays description of the node/station in the label. Un Displays the nominal voltage in the label. Elements ID Displays ID-Number in the label. Name Displays the element name in the label. Description Displays description of the element in the label. Type Displays the element type in the label. Line length For lines, displays the line length in the label. Line cross section For lines, displays the line cross section in the label.

Select variants for result comparison

The program is saving the results of the last calculation for every simulated variant. For the selected variants, the results then will be displayed at the same time in the diagram.

Show labels If checked, the element and node labels will be shown. Show results If checked, the result labels may be shown, depending on

the following checkboxes. * Load Flow If checked, the results of load flow calculation will be

showed in the labels. * Short Circuit If checked, the results of short circuit calculation will be

showed in the labels. * Harmonic Analysis If checked, the results of harmonic analysis will be

showed in the labels.

Load Flow The user may select the variables he wants to display in the result labels and he can modify the display options. Node variables U Node voltage in kV or V U ang Angle of node voltage in degree u [%] Node voltage in % related to Un MW loss sensitivity

Change of the network active power losses in respect to a change of active power in the respective node: dSPn=Ploss/Pn

Menu Options


Element variables S Power in MVA or kVA. P Active power in MW or kW Q Reactive power in Mvar or kvar I Current in kA or A I ang Angle between voltage U and current I. PF Power factor (Cosphi). Loading Loading of element in %. Losses Losses of element for P and Q. Pc, Qc Active and reactive power of the line compensations. Tap Tap position of transformers. Slip Slip of asynchronous machines. Mel Electromagnetic torque of asynchronous machines. U at open end Voltage at the end of a line, if it is opened at one end. Line loads Variables of line loads. Shunt G, B Conductance and susceptance of the shunt. FACTS variables Special FACTS variables. HVDC variables Variables of Converter. LF Tripping Tripping time of relays after Load Flow calculation. MS Tripping Tripping time of relays after Motor Starting calculation. Display options Voltage, Current, Power

To choose units and the number of digits for the representation of the results in the diagram. Voltage: Possible values: kV or V. Current: Possible values: kA or A. Power: Possible values: MVA or kVA.

Angle, Percentage, Per unit

Number of digits for the variables given as angle, percentage or per unit value.

Show variable names

If checked, the variable names will be displayed with the results in the labels.

Show units If checked, the variable units will be displayed with the results in the labels.

Menu Options


Select nodes / elements

The results of a calculation can either be displayed for all nodes and elements in the single line diagram, or only for the nodes and elements selected in a table, which can be found in the menu "Analysis Load Flow Select Results".

Show labels If checked, the element and node labels will be shown. Show results If checked, the result labels may be shown, depending on the

following checkboxes. * Lf results in line center

If checked only one result box will be displayed in the line center. The shown results are calculated in the starting end of the line. If not checked, the results will be displayed for both sides of the line.

* Load Flow If checked and "Show results" is active as well, the results of load flow calculation will be showed in the labels.

* Short Circuit If checked and "Show results" is active as well, the results of short circuit calculation will be showed in the labels.

* Harmonic Analysis

If checked and "Show results" is active as well, the results of harmonic analysis will be showed in the labels.

Short Circuit The user may select the variables he wants to display in the result labels and he can modify the display options. Node variables UF L-E Fault voltage (line to earth). UF L-L Fault voltage (line to line). U(012) Fault voltage (symmetrical components). UF angle Angle of fault voltage. U0 Prefault voltage. Zf(012) Fault impedances (symmetrical components). Z(.)/Z(1) Relation of symmetrical components of impedance: Z(0)/Z(1);

Z(2)/Z(1) R(1)/X(1) X/R ratio according to ANSI/IEEE (X/R will be reported) Element variables Ik'' Initial short circuit current. Ik'' angle Angle of Ik".

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Sk'' Initial short circuit power. ip Peak short circuit current. Ib Breaking current. Ik Steady state short circuit current. Ith Thermal short circuit current. iDC DC-component of short circuit current. Iasy Asymmetrical breaking current. E/Z Symmetrical current according to ANSI/IEEE without

consideration of the AC- and DC-decrement. 3 I(0) Three times the zero sequence current. Tripping Tripping time of relays after Short Circuit calculation. Z_L Line or transformer impedance. R_L Line or transformer resistance. X_L Line or transformer reactance. Phases, sequences L1 Gives results for phase L1. For symmetrical faults, only the

results of phase L1 will be displayed. L2 Gives results for phase L2. L3 Gives results for phase L3. Pos. Gives results for positive sequence. Neg. Gives results for negative sequence. Zero Gives results for zero sequence. Display options Current, Power To choose units and the number of digits for the

representation of the results in the diagram. Current: Possible values: kA or A. Power: Possible valu

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