Energy Efficiency &

Indoor Air Quality

Energy Efficiency & Indoor Air Quality

HIGH

LOW

POOR GOOD

Indoor Air Pollution

The Slow, Silent & Invisible Killer

Indoor air pollution is the 2nd highest killer in India

after Blood Pressure - Global Burden of Diseases Report

1.3 million people in India die due to indoor air

pollution every year - WHO Study

Annual premature deaths caused by particulate air pollution

have increased six times since the year 2000

- Global Burden of Diseases Report

27.5% under-five infant mortality is because of indoor air pollution- TERI study

Components of

Indoor Air:

Pollutants and O2

& how they affect

us…

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

(VOCs)1200+ different VOC’s

� Leads to - Eye, nose, throat irritation, headaches, loss of

co-ordination, nausea, damage to liver, kidney, and central

nervous system. Some organics can cause cancer in human

beings

OZONE (O3)

Forms in the atmosphere through a series of complex chemical

reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and hydrocarbons.

� Leads to - Wrinkles on skin, sensitive lungs, increased asthma

attacks & daily mortality

GOOD OZONE

Stratosphere, ozone

protects us from the sun’s

harmful ultraviolet radiation

BAD OZONE

Troposphere, ground

level ozone can damage

lung tissue and plants

It is one of the most dangerous air pollutants

� Leads to - Premature mortality, chronic respiratory

disease, weakening of eyesight. Pre-existing heart or

lung or asthmatic patients very sensitive to respirable PM

PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10 & PM2.5)

Study by

Rice University

&

Houston Fire Department EMS

Direct correlation between out-of-hospital cardiac

arrests (OHCA) and exposure to PM2.5 and Ozone

Daily average increase in PM2.5 of 6µg per day over

two days raised risk of OHCA by 4.6%

Each increase of Ozone of 20 ppb over one to three

hours also increased OHCA risk, with a peak of 4.4%

HIGH OZONE & HIGH PM2.5 DEADLY

CARBON DIOXIDE

High CO2 is indicator of elevated levels of other pollutants

� Leads to - Headaches, dizziness, restlessness, feeling of an

inability to breathe, sweating, malaise (vague feeling of

discomfort), increased heart rate & blood pressure, visual

distortion, nausea / vomiting, loss of consciousness

CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

Combines with hemoglobin in the blood to form

carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and disrupting oxygen transport.

� Leads to -

SULPHUR OXIDES & NITROGEN OXIDES

Lead to - Both NO2 & SO2 act mainly as irritants and affect

the mucous of the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract.

� SOX Source - Various industrial processes, electrical

generation / power generation, space heating, iron heating

in industries. Coal and petroleum often contain sulfur

compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide

� NOX Source - Road traffic and combustion processes

Sleep Apnea

Poor Concentration

Forgetfulness

Mood Swings

Restlessness

Depressive Thoughts

Fatigue

Decrease alertness, Memory

and Judgment

Less efficiency & Productivity

Reduced oxygen

supply leads to:

We spend 90%+ of

our time indoors

If we fix our office &

our home, will give

our respiratory

system the rest it

needs to build

immunity to fight

pollution outdoors

On average, we take

23,000 breaths in a

day. Hence,

imperative that the

air we breathe is

oxygenated and is

less polluted

But can this be done

in our polluted cities?

PARAMETERWHO/ASHRAE GUIDELINE

OTHER BUILDING

PBC%

REDUCE

CO2, ppm ambient +700 1067.5 488 54

PM10, µg/m3 50 689 24 97

PM2.5, µg/m3 15 492 13 97

VOC - Benzene, ppb NA 150 BDL 99.99VOC - Acetaldehyde, ppb NA 3125 BDL 99.99

VOC - Acetone, ppb NA 800 BDL 99.99

VOC - Toluene, ppb NA 275 BDL 99.99

Aerobic Plate Count, cfu NA 153 26 83

Fungal Count, cfu NA 48 <1 99.99

YES IT CAN…

CASE IN POINT – PAHARPUR BUSINESS CENTRE

How to get there…

Create a micro-climate

Right kinds of toxin removing plants

Proper procurement of indoor materials

‘Living’ Air filtration system

Air curtains at entry / exit points

30 feet of special mats for absorbing dust from

shoes at entrance

Elevator Area & building envelope sealed to

avoid untreated air ingress

3 varieties of plants

For growing fresh air indoors

“The Living Room Plant” “The Bedroom Plant” “The Specialist Plant”

Areca Palm Mother-in-law's Tongue Money Plant

(Chrysalidocarpus lutescens) (Sansevieria trifasciata) (Epipremnum aureum)

Simplifying the process…

Ambient air sourced from highest point of building

Air is scrubbed by passing it through an air washer

This purified air flows over plants in Patented CleanAir Planters in green house which serves as an air tank

Oxygenated air is sucked out of the air tank to the various AHUs, on different floors, through an ‘energy wheel’

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CLEANAIR PLANTERTM

- Traditionally, you need 6-10 shoulder/waist

high plants per person

- Difficult to manage so many living plants

indoors

- With CleanAir PlanterTM, you need only

~1-2 plants per person

- Makes the plants work more efficiently

31 VOC’s tested by LBNL at the Building

Michael G. Apte1 and Joshua S. Apte2

1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

2University of California, Berkeley, CA

April 12, 2010

Sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State, and Community Programs, of

the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE)

RESULTS: PBC was found to be at par with the best office

buildings in USA in terms of Air Quality. Given the extreme

air pollution levels in the outdoor environment of New

Delhi, this is an achievement.

RESULTS: Human HealthA study by Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata &

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

Ministry of Environment & Forests, GOI

Providing cleaner air reverses the effects of pollution

52%

34%

24%

12%

9%

Contrast

PBC

PBC

Contrast Contrast

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Based on the above study, there is a 42% probability of 1% increase

in blood oxygen saturation level of people working indoors for a

period of 10 hours at PBC

RESULTS: Breathe Fresh, Feel Fresh

Results: Energy Conservation

The various IAQ initiatives have allowed us to

maintain IAQ as per ASHRAE and USGBC LEED (for

Platinum rated buildings – i.e. 30% over ASHRAE base

specs. with minimum 15.3 CFM per person fresh air,

resulting in energy savings

Thus, as compared to ASHRAE recommended 20

CFM, PBC saves 4.7 CFM/ person of fresh air load, on

the HVAC system

The fresh air load is 0.60 watts per ft2, a reduction

of 0.18 watts/ft2

This gives an energy saving of 30% in terms of

reduced load

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Results: Energy Conservation

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ASHRAE recommends 20 CFM “fresh air” per person

USGBC LEED for Platinum is 30% over ASHRAE base specs

Hence, we pump in 15.3 CFM “fresh air”, saving us 4.7

CFM per person of fresh air load, on the HVAC system

The fresh air load is 0.60 watts per ft2, a reduction of

0.18 watts/ft2

This gives energy savings of ~30% in terms of reduced load

Economics of “GOING GREEN”

ENERGY SAVINGS

As a result of energy efficient practices, PBC has reduced its

sanctioned MDI from 850 KVA to 350 KVA

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INDOOR AIR SOLUTIONS

50,000 square feet, 6 storied building

“We grow fresh airTM” and have been rated as one of the healthiest

buildings in Delhi

First retrofit office building in India to be rated USGBC LEED Platinum under

EB O&M version

Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India, 5 star rated

building. Certified annual average electricity consumption of 28 whr /hr/m2

6 international certifications – ISO 9001, 14001, 22000, 50001, SA 8000,

OHSAS 18001

Commitment to UN Global Compact & Women’s Empowerment Principles

Thank You

New Delhi, INDIA

+91(0)11-4120 7171

iaq@pbcnet.com

www.pbcnet.com

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THANK YOU