Energy Use in the United States Slide 2 population lives in the
United States? What percentage of the Worlds population lives in
the United States? 5% 5% Slide 3 How many passenger vehicles are
there in the United States? ~211 million Slide 4 What percentage of
the worlds oil reserves does the U.S. have? 2% Slide 5 What
percentage of U.S. petroleum consumption is supplied by imports?
60% Slide 6 If all production and imports stopped, how long would
the United States petroleum stocks last? ~82 days Slide 7 What
percentage of the worlds supply of natural gas does the United
States have? 3% What percentage of the worlds coal supply does the
United States have? 27% Slide 8 How long would the United States
coal reserves last if we continued to use it at the same rate? ~242
years Slide 9 Energy Resources Chapter 4 Slide 10 Resources
Renewable Can be replenished overly a fairly short period of time
Nonrenewable take millions of years to form and accumulate Slide 11
Fossil Fuels Any hydrocarbon that may be used as a source of
energy. 90% of energy used in USA comes from fossil fuels !!!!!!
Slide 12 What is Coal? Made from decayed plant material from
millions of years ago (usually in swamps) Transformed by
weathering, erosion, and heat pressure Main resource power plants
use to produce electricity Slide 13 Fossil Fuels: Coal NONRENEWABLE
Located underground Burned to make electricity U.S. has largest
coal reserves in world Produces half the electricity in the U.S.
Slide 14 Coal Issues : Mining Destroys land surface Slide 15 Coal
Issues: Air Pollution Leads to acid rain Slide 16 Petroleum (Oil)
-NONRENEWABLE Formed from remains of tiny sea plants and animals
LIQUID Found underground Refined into different fuels which are
burned to produce heat Majority used for transportation Slide 17
Slide 18 Oil Trap A layer of impermeable rock causes the oil/gas to
become trapped we tap into these reserves Slide 19 Petroleum Issues
Burning can cause air pollution and carbon dioxide Drilling and
transporting can damage land and water if leaks and spills Slide 20
Important Petroleum Facts U.S. uses more petroleum than any other
energy source We do not produce enough to meet our needs We import
2/3 of the petro that we use from foreign countries Middle East has
the majority of the worlds reserves Slide 21 Fossil Fuels: Natural
Gas NONRENEWABLE Slide 22 Natural Gas Found in underground rock
formations Burn to produce heat Used in industry, homes/businesses,
and power plants to produce products, heating, and electricity
Slide 23 Natural Gas Issues Clean burning fossil fuel Does produce
some air pollution and carbon dioxide Interesting fact: an odorant
that smells like rotten eggs is added to natural gas so leaks can
be detected Slide 24 Possible oil substitute? TAR SANDS OIL SHALE
Slide 25 Tar Sands Mixtures of clay and sand combined with water
and varying amounts of bitumen, a heavy black viscous oil. Tar
sands can be mined and processed to extract the oil-rich bitumen,
which is then refined into oil. Slide 26 Tar Sand Drawbacks Causes
significant land disturbances Requires large amounts of water to
process Large amounts of contaminated water and sediment accumulate
in toxic disposal ponds Accounts for 15% of Canadas oil production
Slide 27 Oil Shale Oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing
petroleum-like solids of worlds supply is in Utah, Colorado, and
Wyoming Unprofitable to mine and not as efficient as crude oil
Slide 28 Mineral Resources Deposits of useful minerals that can be
extracted Mineral reserves - deposits from which minerals can be
extracted profitably Ore useful metallic mineral that can be mined
for a profit Slide 29 Mineral Deposits Must be profitable to
extract Large deposits known but unprofitable to extract them
Deposits are associated with the Rock Cycle Slide 30 Mineral
Deposits Most important mineral deposits form through igneous
processes and from hydrothermal solutions. Slide 31 Igneous
Processes Form most metallic mineral deposits by settling at the
bottom of the magma chamber as it cools Gold Silver Copper Lead
Mercury Platinum nickel Slide 32 Mineral Deposit: Hydrothermal
Solutions Slide 33 Hydrothermal Solutions Form from hot, metal-rich
fluids that are left during the late stages of movement and cooling
of magma ex. Gold, silver, mercury Slide 34 Secondary Mineral
Deposition Placer Deposits Eroded minerals are moved by water and
settle on the inside, cracks and depressions of streams Slide 35
Nonmetallic Resources Extracted and processed for either the
nonmetallic elements they contain or for their physical and
chemical properties Examples: Fertilizers Limestone Sand, gravel,
etc.. Slide 36 Extraction of Resources: Mining Slide 37 What is
mining? Mining is extracting ore or minerals from the ground An ore
is a natural material with a high concentration of economically
valuable minerals that can be mined for a profit Slide 38 Types of
Mines There are two main types of mines. 1)Surface Mining
2)Subsurface Mining Slide 39 Surface Mining Mineral deposits are on
or near the surface of the Earth and are removed. There are 3 types
of surface mines: 1.Open-pit: removes large, near surface deposits
of minerals such as gold and copper. Mined downward in layers
2.Quarries: stone, crushed rock, sand, gravel 3.Strip Mining:
removing surface coal in strips up to 50 m wide x 1 Km long Slide
40 Chimney Rock, Bridgewater, NJ Slide 41 Rt 78 near Watchung
Reservation Slide 42 Bernardsville Quarry, NJ Images from Google
Maps Slide 43 Subsurface Mining Minerals are located too deep for
surface mining Shafts and passageways are dug into the ground to
reach the ores. Slide 44 Subsurface Mining
http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/images/minmethd.gif Slide 45
Reclamation Mining can destroy or disturb habitats Waste products
can pollute water systems When a mine is no longer being used, the
land should be returned to its original state or better =
Reclamation Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975 Slide 46
Reclamation Mine Albert, Quebec, before and after reclamation.
Government of Quebec http://www.abandoned-mines.org/home-e.htm
Slide 47 Why do we need mines? Slide 48 Houses Cars Toothpaste
Plumbing Wiring Planes Electronics Jewelry Glass If we cant grow
it, it has to be mined! Slide 49 Alternative Energy Sources Worlds
population is increasing and our need for resources is increasing
as well Most resources we use are nonrenewable so we need to
develop alternative energy sources Slide 50 Solar Energy Uses suns
rays to supply heat or electricity Fuel is free and non-polluting
Slide 51 Solar Power Advantages Renewable Clean Free Disadvantages
Sun not out all the time (at night, clouds) Expensive Slide 52
Nuclear Energy - Uranium Comes from radioactive materials that
release energy through nuclear fission Slide 53 Uranium -
Nonrenewable Metallic element found in rocks Turned into pellets to
use in nuclear power plants Slide 54 Uranium 235 Advantages Little
to no pollution Disadvantages Produces radioactive waste No storage
site available for waste Potential for large scale disasters Slide
55 Wind Energy Uses the wind to produce electricity Slide 56 Wind
Energy - Renewable Advantages Clean, no pollution Land can be used
for other things at the same time Disadvantages Take up a lot of
land Noisy Do not produce a lot of electricity Must be placed in
windy areas (coast, etc) Slide 57 Hydroelectric Power Use the
energy from falling water to create electricity Slide 58 Hydropower
- Renewable Advantages Clean Can be generated on demand Cheapest
Disadvantages Few places where dams can be built Can flood and
displace large amounts of land Slide 59 Geothermal Energy Using
underground hot water and steam to generate electricity Slide 60
Geothermal - Renewable Advantages Clean Cheap Disadvantages Can
only be used at specific places (ex. Plate boundaries) Slide 61
Biomass - Renewable Uses organic material (wood, trash, animal
waste, etc) Burned to produce heat Oldest form of heat Slide 62
Biomass - Renewable Advantages Renewable Cleaner than fossil fuels
Disadvantages Burning can produce air pollution Produces odor Slide
63 Tidal Power Using the tides (flow of water in and out to sea) to
generate electricity Slide 64 Tidal Power - Renewable Advantages
Renewable Cleaner than fossil fuels Disadvantages Only usable near
the coast
