English Grammer 19

8/12/2019 English Grammer 19

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1. What is sentence?

Set of words with complete senses is known as sentence. A sentence is a group awords that gives full meaning.

Ex: a. Raa goes to college ever! morning at 1".#" am.$. %he leaves are green

c. %he $irds are fl!ing in the sk!

Simple Sentence: A sentence which has onl! one su$ect and one predicate.Ex: %he cow gives milk.

%he fox is cunning animal.

%he parts of sentence

A sentence has two parts. %he! are called &%he Su$ect:' and &%he (redicate'

%he &Su$ect' tell us a$out the person or animal or thing who does the work or who acts.%he &(redicate' tell us a$out what the su$ect does.

Ex: a. the cow eats grass.$. She is dancing

c. %he cat drank the milk.d. %he! work in the field

e. %he children pla! games.

Su$ect (redicate

%he )ow Eats grassShe *s dancing

%he cat +rank the milk

%he! Work in the filed%he children (la! games

,inds of sentence%here are four kinds of sentences.

Assertive Sentence

*mperative sentence*nterrogative sentence

Exclamatar! Sentence

1. Assertive Sentence

An assertive sentence sa!s something for certain or definite or makes declarations

Ex: -e is going to collegeaven is a good $o!

%he Sun rises in the east

%he road is ver! wideSugar is sweet

/. *mperative Sentence

An imperative sentence0 we express order commends and also reuest.

Ex: +o not open the door

Stand up on the $ench)ome in0 please


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,indl! give me a cup of milk

+on2t go out

#. *nterrogative Sentence

*nterrogative sentence asks uestions or make enuires.

Ex: Where are !ou going?

What is he doing?

Are !ou drinking coffee?-ow did he lose his $ic!cle?

3. Exclamator! Sentence%he Exclamator! sentence which express surprise0 fear etc. *t expresses sudden feeling of

o!0 sorrow0 anger0 wonder and the like.

Assertive sentence 4egative Sentence

5ida! is t!ping a letter 5ida! is not t!ping a letter

* have completed m! work * have not completed m! work * own a car * do not own a car

She helps me She does not helps me-e went to $elgaum -e does not go to $elgaum

Sita nursed the sick Sita does not nurse the sick -ari cheats the customers -ari does not cheats the customers

Sunil patted the ox2s $ack Sunil did not patted the ox2s $ack

%apan is a naught! $o! %pan is not a naught! $o!%he! were full of sturdiness and singing %he! were not full of sturdiness 6 singing

* will tame !ou * will not tame !ou

%he! have man! cleaned words to sa! %he! have no man! clean words to sa!* am !our teacher * am not !our teacher

-e went directl! to the waiting man -e did not go directl! to the waiting man

4egative sentence Assertive Sentence

%he! are not making noise %he! are making noise

7ou did not tell the truth 7ou told the truth

8udda has not uestioned the caste s!stem 8uddha had uestioned the caste s!stem*t is not important to record *t is important to record

-e would not repla! it tomorrow -e will repa! it tomorrow

Sita did not teach the poor children Sita tought the poor childrenWe are not going to talk We are going to talk

* would not like !ou to listen to me * would like !ou to listen to me

* had not panned it * had panned it

Assertive *nterrogative

%he! are pla!ing hocke! Are the! pla!ing hocke!?

Ravi is not working hard *s Ravi not working hard?-e goes to )hennai +oes he goes to chenni?

She sang well did she sang well?

Ram is uite good at studies *s ram is uite good at studies?-ari charges higher prices +oes hari charges higher prices?

*t was ver! wicked Was it ver! wicked?

*t was ver! perfect da! Was it a perfect da!?* am coming out of the shadow Am * coming out of the shadow?


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* shall help !ou in ver! wa! Shall * help !ou in ver! wa!?

(AR%S 9 S(EE)- ;What is parts of speech. (reposition .conunction @. *nterection

1. 4oun:

A noun is a word used to denote a person0 place0 animal0 and thing

Ex: Atoka was a wise king Santee works hard

Rona is a good girl ! sore is a $eautiful place.

/. (ronoun:

%he word which is used instead of noun is called (ronoun.Ex: She is a good girl. -e is m! $rother

%he! are students She is cooking

,inds of (ronoun

a. (ersonal (ronounEx: -e

$. Reflexive (ronounsEx:

c. +emonstrative (ronoun

Ex: %hose mangoes are mined. *ndefinite pronoun

Ex: An!one some some$od!

e. +istri$utive pronounEx: ever!$od! each

f. Relative (ronoun

Ex:g. interrogative (ronoun

Ex :which who whose

5er$5er$ is a word which is used to express the action of 4oun or (ronoun

Ex: Rave thrown a stone ,rishna is a graing the cows

%he rat runs awa! from the room %he! have come home.

%he! are two kinds of ver$s. 1. ain ver$ /. helping ver$ ;auxiliar! ver$ %he! went home.

1 She likes horror films.

1@ -eGs walking home.1U %he! were eating ice cream.

/" %he! gave him the mone!.ake ten uestions from the $ox $elow0 and give the answers.

Who

Wh!

WhenWhere

What

What time-ow

-ow much

Are !ou going?+id the! leave?

*s she talking to?

+id the! come here?

Are !ou looking at?+id it cost?

Example: Wh! did the! leave? 8ecause the! wanted to catch the train.Who asked !ou? Who did !ou ask?: uestion words as su$ect or o$ect

Who drove the car?

Who did !ou see?What happened?

What did !ou do?

B who and what are sometimes the su$ect.

who and what as su$ect Q ver$:

Alison asked !ou. Who asked !ou? Alison. 49% Who did ask !ouIB who and what are sometimes the o$ect.

who and what as o$ect Q uestion form of ver$:

7ou asked Steve. Who did !ou ask? Steve.B Who sta!ed with !ou?


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$ut Who did Nane sta! with? ;(reposition at the end. WhatMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM A cigarette started the fire

WhatMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM? * want some help.@ WhoMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM7ou? Ravi told me

U WhatMMMMMMMMMMM!ouMMMMMMMMM? * said nothing.

1" WhoMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM? Ravi came with sitha

Short responses using so0 neither0 nor

B so Q auxiliar! ver$ Q su$ect is used to sa! that something which is true a$out one thing or person is also

true a$out another thing or person:G* can speak Spanish.G So can *.G

; T % can speak Spanish too. 7ou2re cra! if !ou pierce !our ankleI

(ronunciation

(ronunciation is the wa! in which a word is pronounced or spoken.

Wa!s %o *mprove 7our (ronunciation

1. Kisten to the English news regularl!

D )44 D 88) D Star 4ews/. 8e attentive when !ou hear others speak.

#. Kook up the dictionar! for the correct pronunciation of words.

3. Read the paragraph loud loudl! and then tape it. After listening to tape correct !our mistakes and speak

again.%he formation of the mouth and placing of the tongue is important for correct pronunciation. Kooking into a

mirror will help.

=. Eno! the compan! of people who speak fluent English.>. 8u! tapes of speeches of great leaders of the world and listen to them.

A skillful speaker never pronounces a word in a wa! that is alien to the ha$its of his listener.

%he three most common mistakes that happen while pronouncing:

DD carelessness

DD a putDon accentDD pronunciation that is too careful


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%ake for example: %wo most commonl! used words :Either 4either

When pronounced as Either and 4either0 no one notices them. 8ut if the! are pronounced as E!ether and

4!ether0 the! will $e certainl! noticed and the chances are that the! will cause irritation.

%-E OLA4%**ERS

4L8ERS

%hecardinal num$ers ;one0 two0 three0 etc.< are adectives referring to uantit!0 and the ordinal num$ers;first0 second0 third0 etc.< refer to distri$ution.

4um$er 9rdinal )ardinal

1 one first/ two second

# three third

3 four fourth= five fifth

> six sixth

seven seventh@ eight eighth

U nine ninth1" ten tenth

11 eleven eleventh1/ twelve twelfth

1# thirteen thirteenth

13 fourteen fourteenth1= fifteen fifteenth

1> sixteen sixteenth

1 seventeen Seventeenth1@ eighteen eighteenth

1U 4ineteen nineteenth

/" twent! twentieth/1 twent!Done twent!Dfirst

// twent!Dtwo twent!Dsecond

/# twent!Dthree twent!Dthird

/3 twent!Dfour twent!Dfourth/= twent!Dfive twent!Dfifth

/> twent!Dsix twent!Dsixth

/ twent!Dseven twent!Dseventh/@ twent!Deight twent!Deighth

/U twent!Dnine twent!Dninth

#" thirt! thirtieth

#1 thirt!Done thirt!Dfirst3" fort! fortieth

=" fift! fiftieth

>" sixt! sixtieth" sevent! seventieth

@" eight! eightieth

U" ninet! ninetieth1"" one hundred hundredth

="" five hundred five hundredth

10""" one thousand thousandth1""0""" one hundred thousand hundred thousandth


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10"""0""" one million millionth

Examples:

%here are twent!Dfive people in the room.

-e was the fourteenth person to win the award since 1U#3.Six hundred thousand people were left homeless after the earthuake.

* must have asked !ou twent! times to $e uiet.

-e went to *srael for the third time this !ear.

ractions and decimalsSaid Written Said

-alf ".= point five

a uarter "./= point two fivethree uarters ".= point seven five

(ercentages Written Said

/=\ twent! five percent="\ fift! percent

=\ sevent! five percent

1""\ aHone hundred percentSome %ips %o Kearn English 8etter

Read an extract from a $ook ever!da!. 4ewspaper editorials make good reading material.Read articles in magaines and tr! to rewrite them in !our own words.

Lse the language as often as possi$le0 $ut also tr! and $e a good listener. Kisten to the news $roadcast on

the radio and also on the television. *t will help !ou improve !our pronunciation.

aintain a register and keep noting down !our gre! areas. Po through them ever! week and tr! to correct

!our mistakes. *ntonation and emphasis on the right word at the right time is ver! important. Read aloud a

passage from a $ook or a poem0 record it and then correct intonation as !ou listen to it. %he dictionar!should $e !our constant companion. When in dou$t a$out the meaning or pronunciation of a word0 alwa!s

refer to the dictionar!.

4ote down some new words and phrases0 which !ou think could $e used in !our da! to da! conversation0 in

!our register.

Proup discussions are extremel! important. Select a topic of !our choice and discuss it with a group offriends. *t will $oost !our confidence and will also allow !ou to think of new sentences.

Select a topic and tr! to speak a$out it for at least a minute in front of the mirror.

Who is applied to persons onl!F as0 %he man who was here.

Which is applied to the lower animals and things without lifeF as0 %he horse which * sold. %he hat which *

$ought.

%hat is applied to $oth persons and thingsF as0 %he friend that helps. %he $ird that sings. %he knife thatcuts.

What is a compound relative0 including $oth the antecedent and the relative and is euivalent to that which F

as0 * did what he desired0 i. e. * did that which he desired.

Relative pronouns have the singular and plural alike.

Who is either masculine or feminineF which and that are masculine0 feminine or neuterFwhat as a relative pronoun is alwa!s neuter.

%hat and what are not inflected.

Who and which are thus declined:Sing. and (lural


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Sing. and (lural

4. Who4. Which

(. Whose

(. Whose9. Whom

9. Which

Who 0 which and what when used to ask uestions are called *nterrogative (ronouns .

%enses

(resent (ast (assive (articiple

)an )ould ;Wanting/1. We might see0

/. 7ou might see0

#. %he! might see.1. We ma! have seen0

/. 7ou ma! have seen

#. %he! ma! have seen.English grammar

MSingularM. M(luralM.

1. * might have seen0 1. We might have seen0/. 7ou might have seen0 MorM /. 7ou might have seen0

%hou mightst have seen0#. -e might have seenF #. %he! might have seen.

SL8NL4)%*5E 9+E.(RESE4% %E4SE.

MSingularM. M(luralM.

1. *f * see0 1. *f we see0/. *f !ou see0 MorM /. *f !ou see0

*f thou see0

#. *f he seeF #. *f the! see.

*(ERA%*5E9+E.

(RESE4% %E4SE./. See ;!ou MorM thou


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actual meaning. M%he ship sails next week. * ma! go toDmorrowM. %he ver$s MsailsM and Mma! goM are

MpresentM in form $ut MfutureM in meaning. M*f it rains $! noon0 he ma! not comeM. %he ver$ MrainsM isMindicativeM in form $ut Msu$unctiveM in meaning.

%he plural forms0 M7ou saw0 7ou wereM0 etc.0 are used in the MsingularM also.

)94NLPA%*94 9 %-E 5ER8DDS*(KE 9R.ill out the following forms0 using the principal parts of the ver$ Mwalk. (res.0 walkF (ast0

walkedF (ast (ar.0 walkedM.

*4+*)A%*5E 9+E.

(RESE4% %E4SE.MSingularM. uralM.

1. * M(resM H0

1. We H M(resM H0/. 7ou H M(resM H0 /. 7ou H M(resM H0

%hou H M(resM Hest0

#. -e H M(resM HsF #. %he! H M(resM H.(AS% %E4SE

1. * H M(astM H0 1. We H M(astM H0

/. 7ou H M(astM H0 /. 7ou H M(astM H0%hou H M(astM Hst0

#. -e H M(astM HF #. %he! H M(astM H.L%LRE %E4SE.

1. * MshallMH M(resM

H0

1. We MwillMH M(resM H0

/. 7ou MwillM

H M(resMH0

/. 7ou MwillM H M(resM H0

%hou MwilDtM H M(resM H0>3

#. -e MwillM

H M(resM HF

#. %he!MwillM H M(resM H.

(RESE4

%(ERE)% %E4SE.

1. * MhaveM

HM(ast (ar.MH0

1. We MhaveMHM(ast (ar.MH0

/. 7ou MhaveM HM(ast (ar.MH0 /. 7ou MhaveM HM(ast (ar.MH0 %hou MhaDstM

HM(ast (ar.MH0

#. -e MhaDsM HM(ast (ar.MHF #. %he! MhaveM HM(ast (ar.MH.

(AS% (ERE)% %E4SE.1. * MhadM

HM(ast (ar.MH0 1. We MhadM

HM(ast (ar.MH0/. 7ou MhadM HM(ast (ar.MH0 /. 7ou MhadM HM(ast (ar.MH0 %hou MhadDstM


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HM(ast (ar.MH0

#. -e MhadM HM(ast (ar.MHF #. %he! MhadM HM(ast (ar.MH.

L%LRE (ERE)% %E4SE.

1. * Mshall haveMHM(ast (ar.MH0 1. We Mwill haveM

M(ast (ar.M0

/. 7ou Mwill haveM HM(ast (ar.MH0 /. 7ou Mwill haveM M(ast (ar.M0 %hou MwilDt haveM

HM(ast (ar.MH0#. -e Mwill haveM HM(ast (ar.MHF #. %he! Mwill haveM M(ast (ar.M.

(9%E4%*AK 9+E.

(RESE4% %E4SE.1. * Mma!M

H M(res.M H0

1. We Mma!MH M(res.M H0

/. 7ou Mma!M

H M(res.M H0/. 7ou Mma!M

H M(res.M H0%hou Mma!DstM H M(res.M H0

#. -e Mma!MH M(res.M HF

#.

%he! Mma!M H M(res.M H.(AS% %E4SE.

1. * MmightM

H M(res.M H01. We MmightM H M(res.M H0

/. 7ou MmightM

H M(res.M H0/. 7ou MmightM H M(res.M H0

%hou MmightDstM H M(res.M

H0

#. -e MmightMH M(res.M HF

#. %he! MmightM H M(res.M H.

(RESE4% (ERE)% %E4SE.1. * Mma! haveM

HM(ast (ar.MH0

1. We Mma! haveM HM(ast (ar.MH0

/. 7ou Mma! haveM HM(ast (ar.MH0 /. 7ou Mma! haveM HM(ast (ar.MH0 %hou Mma!DsthaveM HM(ast (ar.MH0

#. -e Mma! haveM HM(ast (ar.MHF #. %he! Mma! haveM HM(ast (ar.MH.(AS% (ERE)% %E4SE.

1. * Mmight haveM

HM(ast (ar.MH0 1. We Mmight haveMHM(ast (ar.MH0

/. 7ou Mmight haveM HM(ast (ar.MH0 /. 7ou Mmight haveM HM(ast (ar.MH0 %hou MmightDst

>=haveM HM(ast (ar.MH0


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#. -e Mmight haveM HM(ast (ar.MHF #. %he! Mmight haveM HM(ast (ar.MH.


MSingularM.

M(luralM.1. *f *

H M(res.M H0

1. *f we

H M(res.M H0/. *f !ou H M(res.M H0

/. *f !ou H M(res.M H0

*f thou H M(res.M H0#. *f he

H M(res.M HF

#. *f the! H M(res.M H.*(ERA%*5E 9+E.

(RESE4% %E4SE.

/. H M(res.M H ;!ou MorM thou1. * shall $eDDDD0


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/. 7ou will $eDDDD0 MorM %hou

wilt $eDDDD0#. -e will $eDDDDF

(RESE4% (ERE)% %E4SE.

1. * have $eenDDDD0/. 7ou have $eenDDDD MorM

%hou hast $eenDDDD0

#. -e has $eenDDDDF

(AS% (ERE)% %E4SE.1. * had $eenDDDD0

/. 7ou had $eenDDDD MorM

%hou hadst $eenDDDD0

#. -e had $eenDDDDF

L%LRE (ERE)% %E4SE.1. * shall have $eenDDDD0

/. 7ou will have $eenDDDD MorM %hou

wilt have $eenDDDD0#. -e will has $eenDDDDF

(9%E4%*AK 9+E.(RESE4% %E4SE.

MSingularM.1. * ma! $eDDDD0

/. 7ou ma! $eDDDD MorM

%hou ma!st $eDDDD0#. -e ma! $eDDDDF

(AS% %E4SE.

1. * might $eDDDD0/. 7ou might $eDDDD MorM

%hou mightst $eDDDD0

M(luralM.1. We areDDDD0

/. 7ou areDDDD0

#. %he! areDDDD.

1. We wereDDDD0/. 7ou wereDDDD0

#. %he! wereDDDD.

1. We shall $eDDDD0/. 7ou will $eDDDD0

#. %he! will $eDDDD.

1. We have $eenDDDD0

/. 7ou have $eenDDDD0#. %he! have $eenDDDD.

1. We had $eenDDDD0

/. 7ou had $eenDDDD0#. %he! had $eenDDDD.

1. We shall have $eenDDDD0

/. 7ou will have $eenDDDD0#. %he! will have $eenDDDD.

M(luralM.

1. We ma! $eDDDD0/. 7ou ma! $eDDDD0


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#. %he! ma! $eDDDD.

1. We might $eDDDD0>

/. 7ou might $eDDDD0

>@#. -e might $eDDDDF

#. %he! might $eDDDD.

(RESE4% (ERE)% %E4SE.

1. * ma! have $eenDDDD01. We ma! have $eenDDDD0

/. 7ou ma! have $eenDDDD MorM

/. 7ou ma! have $eenDDDD0%hou ma!st have $eenDDDD0

#. -e ma! have $eenDDDDF

#. %he! ma! have $eenDDDD.

(AS% (ERE)% %E4SE.

1. * might have $eenDDDD01. We might have $eenDDDD0

/. 7ou might have $eenDDDD MorM/. 7ou might have $eenDDDD0

%hou mightst have $eenDDDD0#. -e might have $eenDDDDF

#. %he! might have $eenDDDD.


MSingularM.

1. *f * $eDDDD0/. *f !ou $eDDDD Mor M *f thou $eDDDD0

#. *f he $eDDDDF

(AS% %E4SE.1. *f * wereDDDD0

/. *f !ou wereDDDD MorM *f thou wertDDDD0

#. *f he wereDDDDF

*(ERA%*5E 9+E. (RESE4% %E4SE.

/. 8e ;!ou MorM them


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#. *f the! wereDDDD.

/. 8e ;!ou


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feel $etter soon0 * think. She shall $e fifteen

!ears old toDmorrow.* shall find it for !ou0 if !ou shall $ring the $ook to me. 7ou will have

it0 if * can get it for !ou.

-e will have it0 if he shall take the trou$le to ask for it. -e will not do it0if * can prevent him.

* will drown0 no$od! shall help me.

* will $e o$liged to !ou0 if !ou shall attend to it. We will havegone $! toDmorrow morning.

7ou shall disappoint !our father0 if !ou do not return. * do not

think * will like the change.4ext %uesda! shall $e !our $irthda!. 7ou shall

$e late0 if !ou do not hurr!.

ERR9RS *4 %-E 9R 9 %-E 5ER8.

)9RRE)% %-E 9KK9W*4P ERR9RS.

QodelQ.DD%hose things MhaveM not Mcame toDda!M.Wrong0 $ecause the past McameM is here used for the past participle McomeM. %he present

perfect tense is formed $! prefixing MhaveM to the Mpast participleM.

* done all m! work $efore $reakfast. *come in a little late !esterda!.

-e has went to m! desk without permission. %hat

stupid fellow set down on m! new hat.MSetM is generall! transitive0 and MsitM is intransitive. MKa!M is transitive0 and

MlieM is intransitive.

-e sat the chair in the corner.Sit that plate on the ta$le0 and let it set. * have set in

this position a long time.

%hat child will not la! still or set still a minute. * laid downunder the tree0 and eno!ed the scener!. Kie that stick on the

ta$le0 and let it la!.

%hose $o!s were drove out of the fort three times. * haverode through the park.

* done what * could. -e has

not spoke toDda!.%he leaves have fell from the trees. %his

sentence is wrote $adl!.

/

-e throwed his pen down0 and said that the point was $roke. -eteached me grammar.

* seen him when he done it.

! hat was took off m! head0 and throwed out of the window. %he $irdhas flew into that tall tree.

* was chose leader.

ar * have $egan

to do $etter. * $egun this morning. ! $reakfast was ate

in a hurr!.7our dress sets well.


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%hat foolish old hen is setting on a wooden egg. -e hastore it up and throwed it awa!.

William has took m! knife0 and * am afraid he has stole it. %his should

$e well shook.* $egun to sing0 $efore * knowed what * was doing. We

drunk from a pure spring.

* thought !ou had forsook us.

-is pencil is nearl! wore up.-e come0 and tell me all he knowed a$out it.

RE5*EW

uestionsQ%o the %eacherQ.DDSee Scheme0 p. 1@.

-ow man! modifications have ver$s? Ans.DDMiveF vi.0 voice0 mode0 tense0 num$er0 andpersonM. +efine voice. -ow man! voices are there? +efine each. *llustrate. What is

mode? -ow man! modes are there? +efine each. What is an infinitive? What is a

participle? -ow man! different kinds of participles are there? +efine each. *llustrate.What is tense? -ow man! tenses are there? +efine each. *llustrate. What are the num$er

and the person of a ver$? *llustrate. What is conugation? What is s!nopsis? What areauxiliaries? 4ame the auxiliaries. What are the principal parts of a ver$? Wh! are the! so

called? -ow does a ver$ agree with its su$ect? When a ver$ has two or more su$ects0how does it agree? *llustrate the uses of MshallM and MwillM.

Q%o the %eacherQ.DDSelect some of the preceding exercises0 and reuire the pupils to

write the parsing of all the ver$s. See Kessons #30 #=0 3@0 3U0 and =>.Qodel for Written (arsingDD5er$sQ.DDM%he 7ankee0 selling his farm0 wanders awa! to

seek new landsM.

)KASS**)A%*94.9+**)A%*94S.

S74%A^

.M5er$sM.

M,indM.

M5oiceM. ModeM. M%enseM. M4umM. M(erM.

[selling(r. (ar.0

*r.0 %r. Ac.DDD

DDD DDDDDDod. of M7ankeeM.

wanders

Reg.0 *nt.

DDD *nd.(res. Sing. #d. (red. of

[seek*nf0 *r.0%t0

Ac. DDD

DDD

DDD(rin. word in phrase

od. of MwandersM.#


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Yootnote [: (articiples and *nfinitives have no MpersonM or Mnum$erM._

SE4%E4)ED8L*K+*4P.(articiples sometimes partake of the nature of the noun0 while the! retain the nature of

the ver$.

8uild each of the following phrases into a sentence0 and explain the natureof the participle.

QodelQ.DD DDDDMin $uilding a snow fortM. %he! were engaged Min $uilding a snow fortM. %he participle

M$uildingM0 like a noun0 follows the preposition MinM0 as the principal word in the phraseF and0 like a ver$0 ittakes the o$ect complement MfortM.

DDDD $! foretelling storms. DDDD $! helping others. DDDD on approaching the house. DDDDDin

catching fish.Lse the following phrases as su$ects.

Walking in the gardenDDDD. -is writing that letterDDDD. 8reaking a promiseDDDD.

Lse each of the following phrases in a complex sentence. Ket some of the dependentclauses $e used as adectives0 and some0 as adver$s.

DDDD in sledges. DDDD up the -udson. DDDD down the Rhine. DDDD through the Alps. DDDD

with snow and ice.DDDD into 4ew 7ork 8a!.DDDD on the prairie.DDDD at Saratoga.8uild a short sentence containing all the parts of speech.

Expand the following simple sentence into twelve sentences.Astronom! teaches the sie0 form0 nature0 and motions of the sun0 moon0 and stars.

)ontract the following awkward compound sentence into a neat simple sentence0-anni$al passed through Paul0 and then he crossed the Alps0 and then came down into

*tal!0 and then he defeated several Roman generals.

)hange the following complex sentences to compound sentences.

When he asked me the uestion0 * answered him courteousl!. orse0 the man who invented the telegraph0

was a pu$lic $enefactor. When spring comes0 the $irds will return.)ontract the following complex sentences into simple sentences $! changing the ver$ in

the dependent clause to a participle. 4otice all the other changes.

A ship which was gliding along the horion attracted our attention. * saw a man

who was plowing a field.

When the shower had passed0 we went on our wa!. *

heard that he wrote that article.%hat he was a foreigner was well known. * am

not sure that he did it.

Ever! pupil who has an interest in this work will prepare for it.3

)hange the following compound sentences to complex sentences.

QodelQ.DDorning dawns0 and the clouds disperse. When morning dawns0 the clouds

disperse.Avoid swearingF it is a wicked ha$it.

(earls are valua$le0 and the! are found in o!ster shells. +ickens wrote +avid )opperfield0 and he died in1@". Some animals are verte$rates0 and the! have a $ack$one.

each of the following

sentences as much as !ou can.*ndians dance. %he clock struck. %he world moves.

*S)EKKA4E9LS ERR9RS.)9RRE)% %-E 9KK9W*4P ERR9RS.


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* have got that $ook at home.

QodelQ.DDWrong0 $ecause MhaveM0 alone0 asserts possession. MPotM0 used in the sense ofMo$tainedM0 is correctF as0 M* have ust got the $ookM.

-ave !ou got time to help me?

%here is man! mistakes in m! composition.

QodelQ.DDWrong0 $ecause MisM should agree with its plural su$ect MmistakesM. %he adver$ MthereM is often

used to introduce a sentence0 that the su$ect ma! follow the predicate. %his often makes the sentence sound

smooth0 and gives variet!.

%here goes m! mother and sister.

-ere comes the soldiers.%here was man! friends to greet him. *t

ainGt there.

QodelQ.DDMAinGtM is a vulgar contraction. )orrectionDD*t Mis notM there.

* have made up m! mind that it ainGt no use. G%ainGt

so $ad as !ou think.%wo !earsG interest were due. Ever! one of

his acts were criticised. *0 -enr!0 and !ouhave $een chosen.

QodelQ.DDWrong0 for politeness reuires that !ou should mention the one spoken to0firstF the one spoken of0 nextF and !ourself0 last.

-e invited !ou and * and ar!. e andNane are going to the fair. * onl! want a

little piece.

-e is a handsome0 tall man.+id !ou sleep good?

-ow much trou$le one has0 donGt the!? -e inuired for

some tinted ladiesG noteDpaper.=

7ou neednGt ask me nothing a$out it0 for * havenGt got no time to answer. -im that is

diligent will succeed.-e found the place sooner than me.

Who was that? *t was me and him. *f *

was her0 * would sa! less. 8ring methem tongs.

Ls $o!s have a $aseD$all clu$.

Whom did !ou sa! that it was?

Who did !ou speak to ust now?Who did !ou mean0 when !ou said that?

Where was !ou when * called? %hereGs

twent! of us going. )ircumstances alterscases.

%ell them to set still.

-e laid down $! the fire. She has

lain her $ook aside. *t takes him

everlastingl!. %hat was an elegantold rock.


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A4AK7S*S A4+ (ARS*4P.

1. %hou shalt not take the name of the Kord th! Pod in vain.

/. StrikeI till the last armed foe expiresI

#. 7ou wrong me0 8rutus.3. Shall we gather strength $! irresolution and inaction?

=. Wh! stand we here idle?

>. Pive me li$ert!0 or give me deathI

. %h! merc!0 9 Kord0 is in the heavens0 and th! faithfulness reacheth unto the clouds.@. %he clouds poured out water0 the skies sent out a sound0 the voice of th! thunder

was in the heaven.

U. %he heavens declare his righteousness0 and all the people see his glor!.1". %he verdant lawn0 the shad! grove0 the variegated landscape0 the $oundless ocean0 and

the starr! firmament are $eautiful and magnificent o$ects.

11. When !ou grind !our corn0 give not the flour to the devil and the $ran to Pod.1/. %hat which the fool does in the end0 the wise man does at the $eginning.

1#. ^erxes commanded the largest arm! that was ever $rought into the field.

13. Without ox!gen0 fires would cease to $urn0 and all animals would immediatel! die.1=. Kiuids0 when acted upon $! gravit!0 press downward0 upward0 and sidewa!s.

1>. atter exists in three statesDDthe solid state0 the liuid state0 and the gaseous state.1. %he $lending of the seven prismatic colors produces white light.

1@. SoapD$u$$les0 when the! are exposed to light0 exhi$it colored rings.1U. -e who !ields to temptation de$ases himself with a de$asement from which he can never arise.

/". 7oung e!es that last !ear smiled in ours 4ow point the rifleGs $arrelF

And hands then stained with fruits and flowers 8ear redder stains of uarrel.)A(*%AK KE%%ERS A4+ (L4)%LA%*94.

>

Q)apital KettersQ.DD%he first word of ;1< a sentence0 ;/< a line of poetr!0 ;#< a direct

uotation making complete sense or a direct uestion introduced into a sentence0 and ;3< names of

things personified0 and ;< most a$$reviations. Write in capital letters ;@< the words M*M and

M9M0 and ;U< num$ers in the Roman notation. Yootnote: Small letters are preferred where

numerous references to chapters0 etc.0 are made._QExamplesQ.DD1. %he udicious are alwa!s a minorit!.

/. -onor and shame from no condition riseF Act well

!our part0 there all the honor lies.#. %he uestion is0 )an law make people honest?

3. (aintings are useful for these reasons: 1. %he! pleaseF /. %he! instruct.

=. %he heroic 4elson destro!ed the rench fleet in A$oukir 8a!.>. 4ext0 Anger rushed0 his e!es on fire.

. %he Atlantic ocean $eat rs. (artington.

@. %he use of M9M and MohM * am now to explain.U. 4apoleon **. never came to the throne.

Q(eriodQ.DD(lace a period after ;1< a declarative or an imperative sentence0 ;/< an

a$$reviation0 and ;#< a num$er written in the Roman notation.or examples see 10 0 and U in the sentences a$ove.

Q*nterrogation (ointQ.DDEver! direct interrogative sentence or clause should $e

followed $! an interrogation point.QExampleQ.DD,ing Agrippa0 $elievest thou the prophets?


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QExclamation (ointQ.DDAll exclamator! expressions must $e followed $! the

exclamation point.

QExampleQ.DD9hI $loodiest picture in the $ook of timeI QM)ommaMQ.DDSet off $! the

comma ;1< a phrase out of its natural order or not closel! connected with the word itmodifiesF ;/< an explanator! modifier that does not restrict the modified term or com$ine

closel! with itF ;#< a participle used as an adective modifier0 with the words $elonging to it0

unless restrictiveF ;3< the adective clause0 when not restrictiveF ;=< the adver$ clause0

unless it closel! follows and restricts the word it modifiesF ;>< a word or phraseindependent or nearl! soF ;< a direct uotation introduced into a sentence0 unless

Mformall!M introducedF ;@< a noun clause used as an attri$ute complementF and ;U< a term

connected to another $! or and having the same meaning. Separate $! the comma ;1". Pentlemen0 this0 then0 is !our verdict. . Pod

said0 Ket there $e light. @. 4elsonGs signal was0 England expects ever! man to do his dut!. U. Ru$$ers0 orovershoes0 are worn to keep the feet dr!. 1". %he sa$le0 the seal0 and the otter furnish us rich furs. 11. -is

dark e!e flashed0 his proud $reast heaved0 his cheekGs hue came and went. 1/. lights of $irds darken the air0

and tempt the traveler with the promise of a$undant provisions.

QMSemicolonMQ.DD*ndependent clauses ;1< when slightl! connected0 or ;/< when themselves

divided $! the comma0 must $e separated $! the semicolon. Lse the semicolon ;#< $etweenserial phrases or clauses having a common dependence on something that precedes or

followsF and ;3< $efore Mas0 vi.0 to wit.0 namel!0 i. e.M0 and Mthat isM0 when the! introduce

examples or illustrations.

QMExamplesMQ.DD1. %he furnace $laesF the anvil ringsF the $us! wheels whirl round. /. As

)aesar loved me0 * weep for himF as he was fortunate0 * reoice at itF as he was valiant0 *

honor himF $ut0 as he was am$itious0 * slew him. #. -e drew a picture of the sufferings ofour SaviourF his trial $efore (ilateF his ascent of )alvar!F his crucifixion and death. 3.

Pi$$on writes0 * have $een sorel! afflicted with gout in the handF to wit0 lainess.

QM)olonMQ.DDLse the colon ;1< $etween the parts of a sentence when these parts arethemselves divided $! the semicolonF and ;/< $efore a uotation or an enumeration of

particulars when formall! introduced.

QMExamplesMQ.DDl. )anningGs features were handsomeF his e!e0 though deepl! ensconcedunder his e!e$rows0 was full of sparkle and ga!et!: the features of 8rougham were harsh

in the extreme. /. %o Kentullus and Pellius $ear this message: %heir graves are

measured.

QM+ashMQ.DDLse the dash where there is an omission ;1< of letters or figures0 and ;/< of

such words as MasM0 Mnamel!M0 or Mthat isM0 introducing illustrations or euivalentexpressions. Lse the dash ;#< where the sentence $reaks off a$ruptl!0 and the same thought

is resumed after a slight suspension0 or another takes its placeF and ;3< $efore a word or

phrase repeated at intervals for emphasis. %he dash ma! $e used ;=< instead of marks ofparenthesis0 and ma! ;>< follow other marks0 adding to their force.


55/62

QMExamplesMQ.DD1. *n DDDDDDw0 v. #D110 !ou ma! find the $eatitudes. /. %here are twothings certain in this worldDDtaxes and death. #. * saidDD* know not what. 3. * never would

la! down m! armsDDMneverMDD 4E5ERDDQ4E5ERQ. =. ulton started a steam$oatDDDDhe

called it the )lermontDDon the -udson in 1@". >. ! dear Sir0DD* write this letter forinformation.

QMarks of (arenthesisMQ.DDarks of parenthesis ma! $e used to enclose what has no

essential connection with the rest of the sentence.

QExampleQ.DD%he noun ;Kat. MnomenM0 a name< is the first part of speech.

QMApostropheMQ.DDLse the apostrophe ;1< to mark the omission of letters0 ;/< in the

pluraliing of letters0 figures0 and characters0 and ;#< to distinguish the possessive fromother cases.

QMExamplesMQ.DD1. 8oGt of Nohn Nones 1" l$s. of $utter. /. What word is there oneDhalf

of which is MpGsM? #. -e washed the disciplesG feet.@

QM-!phenMQ.DDLse the h!phen ;D< ;1< $etween the parts of compound words that have not

$ecome consolidated0 and ;/< $etween s!lla$les when a word is divided.

QMExamplesMQ.DD1. WorkD$askets are convenient. /. +ivide M$asketM thus: M$asDketM.QMOuotation arksMQDDLse uotation marks to enclose a copied word or passage. *f

the uotation contains a uotation0 the latter is enclosed within single marks.

QMExampleMQDDD%he sermon closed with this sentence: Pod said0 GKet there $e light.G

QM8racketsMQ.DDLse $rackets Y _ to enclose what0 in uoting anotherGs words0 !ouinsert $! wa! of explanation or correction.

QMExampleMQ.DD%he (salmist sa!s0 * prevented Yanticipated_ the dawning of the

morning.SE4%E4)ES A4+ (ARAPRA(-S.

QM%o the %eacherMQ.DD*t is ver! profita$le to exercise pupils in com$ining simplestatements into complex and compound sentences0 and in resolving complex and

compound sentences into simple statements. *n com$ining statements0 it is an excellent

practice for the pupil to contract0 expand0

transpose0 and to su$stitute different words. %he! thus learn to express the samethought in a variet! of wa!s. An! readingD$ook or histor! will furnish good material for

such practice. A few examples are given $elow.

QM+irectionMQ.DD)om$ine in as man! wa!s as possi$le each of the following groups ofsentences:DD

QMExampleMQ.DD%his man is to $e pitied. -e has no friends.

1. %his man has no friends0 and he is to $e pitied./. %his man is to $e pitied0 $ecause he has no friends.

#. 8ecause this man has no friends0 he is to $e pitied.

3. %his man0 who has no friends0 is to $e pitied.=. %his man0 having no friends0 is to $e pitied.

>. %his man0 without friends0 is to $e pitied.

. %his friendless man deserves our pit!.1. %he ostrich is una$le to fl!. *t has not wings in proportion to its $od!.

/. Eg!pt is a fertile countr!. *t is annuall! inundated $! the 4ile.

#. %he nerves are little threads0 or fi$ers. %he! extend0 from the $rain. %he! spread overthe whole $od!.


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3. Nohn Puten$erg pu$lished a $ook. *t was the first $ook known to have $een printed ona printingDpress. -e was aided $! the patronage of Nohn (aust. -e pu$lished it in

13==. -e pu$lished it in the cit! of ent.

=. %he human $od! is a machine. A watch is delicatel! constructed. %his machine is more delicatel!

constructed. A steamDengine is complicated. %his machine is more complicated. A steamDengine is

wonderful. %his machine is more wonderful.

7ou see that short statements closel! related in meaning ma! $e improved $! $eing

com$ined. 8ut !oung writers freuentl! use too man! MandsM and other connectives0 and

make their sentences too long.U

Kong sentences should $e $roken up into short ones when the relations of the parts are

not clear.As clauses ma! $e oined to form sentences0 so sentences ma! $e united to make

MparagraphsM.

A QMparagraphMQ is a sentence or a group of related sentences developing one point orone division of a general su$ect.

%he first word of a paragraph should $egin a new line0 and should $e written a littlefarther to the right than the first words of other lines.

QM+irectionMQ.DD)om$ine the following statements into sentences andparagraphs0 and make of them a complete composition:DD

Water is a liuid. *t is composed of ox!gen and h!drogen. *t covers a$out threeDfourths ofthe surface of the earth. *t takes the form of ice. *t takes the form of snow. *t takes the form

of vapor. %he air is constantl! taking up water from rivers0 lakes0 oceans0 and from damp

ground. )ool air contains moisture. -eated air contains more moisture. -eated air $ecomeslighter. *t rises. *t $ecomes cool. %he moisture is condensed into fine particles. )louds are

formed. %he! float across the sk!. %he little particles unite and form rainDdrops. %he!

sprinkle the dr! fields. At night the grass and flowers $ecome cool. %he air is not so cool.%he warm air touches the grass and flowers. *t is chilled. *t loses a part of its moisture.

+rops of dew are formed. Water has man! uses. en and animals drink it. %rees and plants

drink it. %he! drink it $! means of their leaves and roots. Water is a great purifier. *t

cleanses our $odies. *t washes our clothes. *t washes the dust from the leaves and theflowers. Water is a

When predicate ver$s immediatel! follow their su$ects0 there is little danger of errors in

agreement0 except that MwasM is often used incorrectl! for MwereM0 and MdonGtM forMdoesnGtM. %he chief o$ect of introducing these exercises here is to train the pupilsG

o$servation so that the! will readil! and naturall! note the agreement of the su$ect and

predicate when these terms are transposed0 or are separated $! other words. %o determine

the correct form of the ver$ in such cases0 let the pupils see how it sounds when placedimmediatel! after its su$ect. We suggest exercises like the following:DD

1 is

are/ was

were

# hashave

3 does

do= comes


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come

> goesgo

thinks

think@ writes

write

Exercise 1.

@"1 Proup 9ne find hear sa! sit tell get lose sell stick win

1 %he!MM MMMMMMMMMMM the apartment that the! had in Pandia for a ver! good price.

/ -eMMMMMMMMMMM MM me his name $ut now *Gve forgotten it.# WeMM MMMMMMMMMMM home at three oGclock last night.

3 Sorr! *Gm late. * wasMMMMMMMMMM MMM in traffic.

= 5alencia )MMMMMMMMMM MMM %he ,ingGs )up in 1UUU.> *MMMMMMMMMMMM M the news a$out %he World %rade )entre on the radio.

We entered the restaurant0 MMMMMMMMMMMMM a ta$le and sat down.

@ Sorr!. * didnGt hear what !ou MMMMMMMMMMMMM.U We were all a $it hot and tired so we allMMMMMMMM MMMMM down on the grass.

1" *GveMM MMMMMMM MMMM three um$rellas this month. %erri$leI *Gm so careless./ Proup %wo

$e$reak ^/ come

see steal

$ecome choose freee speak1 *Gve neverMMMMMMMMMM MMM to )aceres.

/ -ave !ouMMMMMMMMMMM MM Sarah toda!?

# r AnarMM MMMMMMM MMMM president in 1UU>.3 -as 8eatriMMMMMMMM MMMMM $ack from lunch !et?

= RitaMMMMMMMMMMMM M her leg skiing.

> What colour have !ou MMMMMMMMMMMMMfor the curtains? *t was so cold that the lake MMMMMMMMMMMMMover.

@ SheMMMMMMMMMMMM M fluent rench on holida! last !ear.

U ! purseGs $eenMMMMMMMMMM MMM.

1" A friendGs kidMMMMMMMM MMMMM m! stereo.# Proup %hree

drive fall give ride take eat forget hide shake write

1 WeMM MMMMMMMMMMM all night to get to rance./ -ave !ou everMMMMMMMMM MMMM a horse?

# *GveMM MMMMMMM MMMM a letter to m! $ank manager.

3 WeMM MMMMMMMMMMM hands at the end of the meeting.

= She had a headache so she MMMMMMMMMMMMM an aspirin.> *MMMMMMMMMMMM M too much for dinner !esterda! and * feel fat.

! sisterMMMMMMMMMMMMM me a watch for )hristmas.

@ -eMMMMMMMMMMM MM over on the wet floor and $roke his wrist.U SheMMMMMMMMMMMM M the mone! under the mattress.

1" 8lastI WeMMMMMMMM MMMMM to $u! milk.

Exercise /.Sports Stars

Kast week0 5enus and Serena Williams pla!ed each other in the final of a tennis tournament. 5enus is nowfourth in the world0 and her !ounger sister Serena is reall! happ! $ecause she has moved up to third.


58/62

%he two sisters have alread! come a long wa! from the poor area in )alifornia where the! were $orn. *t wasfull of violence and drugs0 and the girls2 father0 Richard0 wanted to move to a safer place. %he! moved in

1UU1 and the! have never looked $ack.

Richard started to train 5enus when she was four0 and sa!s: &%he first time * took 5enus to the tennis court0

* told m! wife: VWe have a champion2.' She pla!ed in her first $ig tournament in 1UU>. She hasn2t won

Wm$ledon !et0 $ut she has alread! reached important finals such as the LS 9pen. Serena has continued to

improve and she has made fantastic progress. *n 1UUU0 she won the LS 9pen0 $ut she hasn2t won the singles!et.

-as tennis ever caused pro$lems $etween sisters? &We2ve pla!ed each other $efore and it hasn2t worried usD!etI'0 sa!s 5enus. &*f she wins0' Serena okes0 &ama sa!s she has to do the dishesI'

Ouestions:1. Wh! are the sister unusual?

/. What kind of $acground are the! from?

#. Who helped the to succeed?3. -ow do the two sisters get on at home?

Exercise #.What happened? What has happened?

Stud! these sentences. (a! close attention to the words in italics.What happened?

What

hashappened?

* wrote to him last month.

%he train hasust leftthe station.

* $ought this car last !ear.

*2vealread! seen thatfilm.

-e came to see me this morning.

-e has $een a$road

for six !ears.* saw him ten minutes ago.

-ave !ouever met him

$efore?* havenever

met him$efore.

*

havenot

finished work!et.

%herehave

$een a great num$er of accidentsla tel!.

@/Exercise >.

ind the regular ver$ in each line and write it into the gap.

Example:sa!0 lose0 dance0


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sing DMMMMM

Answer:sa!0 lose0 dance0

sing Ddance

1. read0 feel0 pla!0 see D

/. listen0 do0 go0 make D

#. know0 help0 sa!0 think D

3. like0 write0 forget0 eat D=. take0 $ring0 cut0 clean D

>. watch0 $e0 have0 meet D

. put0 $u!0 cook0 teach D@. catch0 find0 answer0 lose D

Exercise .

ill in the missing forms of the phrases. Lse the long form of the auxiliar! onl!.*nfinitive

Simple (ast

(ast (articiple1

* pla!ed/

she has listened# !ou work

3

Andrewcleaned

= we count

>* have helped

the $rothers

live@

he has watched

U

the! started1" Susan looks

Exercise @.

*n each sentence choose the correct form of ver$. Exercise U.)hoose teh correct answer.

1 1. *MMMMMMMMMM MMMMM MMMMM in 1U>".

was $ornhave $een $orn

were $orn

/ *MMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMM MMM in this cit! for man! !ears0 and * still eno! the

place.

has livedKived

have lived

# *MMMMMMMMMMMM MMto high school here0 and now * am a full time teacher.


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has gone

went@#

have gone3 redd! and *vanMMMMMMMMMM MMMM in this universit! since 1U@"0 and next !ear

the! plan to stud! a$road.

have worked

has workedWorked

= *MMMMMMMMMMMM this morning at @ oGclock.waken up

woken up

have waken upwoke up

> 9ur friendsMMMMMMMMMMMM M for almost / !ears. %he! are going to cele$rate

their anniversar! in three weeks.

was marriedis married

$e marriedhave $een married

Kast night0 *MMMMMM %5 for an hour0 and now * donGt have time to do m!

homework.have watched

watched

has watchedwatches

@ SheMMMMMMMMMMMM m! $est friend for two !ears. We talk on the phone

ever!da!.

is

was

werehas $een

U onicaMMMMMMMM MMMMM her first $a$! a month ago.has had

have

has

had1" ! wife and *MMMMMMMM MMMMM M (aris last summer. %his !ear we want to go

again.visited

visits

have visitedhas $een there

Exercise 1".

1.WhereGs !our wallet? * donGt know. *K9SE it.


61/62

/.

*8E in Kondon two !ears ago and *-A5E a great time.#.

KookI Someone+AAPE the $us stop. *t looks terri$leI

3.-ow79LH8REA, !our arm? 8! accident?

=.

! parents are a happ! couple. %he! 8E ARR*E+ for ten !ears.

>.79LHSEE ar! !esterda!? * couldnGt find her an!where.

@3

.Nane pla!s the piano. She(KA7 it for two !ears and sheGs $rilliant.

@.

Ann isnGt here. SheKEA5E the house $ut she should $e $ack in an hour.U.

! grandfather+*E in 1U@U and m! grandmotherK*5E alone since

then.

1".-er $rother is a writer. -e WR*%E man! $ooks and the!Gre reall! good.11.What time 79LHP9 to $ed? Around 11 p.m or even later?

1/.Where 79LH8E last night? 79LHP9 to ar!Gs part!?1#.! room is clean. NLS%H)KEA4 it and it looks $etter now.

13.9h0 the! are hereI When %-E7HARR*5E?

1=.Shakespeare WR*%E man! pla!s and the!Gre all famous.1>.*49%H+R*4, an!thing toda! so *Gm ver! thirst!. )an * ask !ou for

some water0 please?

1.*s onica here? 4o0 she 49%H)9E !et. She must $e on her wa!.1@.*W9R, at school for two !ears and then * left it $ecause * was fed up

with teaching.

1U.%he da!s8E ver! wind! recentl! and some trees have even $eendestro!ed.

/".What79LHSA7 ? )ould !ou repeat it0 please?

%he (ast (erfect )ontinuous %ense

ill in the $lanks with had ;hadn2t< Q$een Q a present participle.E^A(KES: a.D ;protest< When the war in 5ietnam finall! ended0 people all over the

world had $een protesting against it for man! !ears.$.D ;get< Ever!thing in our garden was d!ing $ecause we hadn2t

$een getting an! rain for more than five months.

1.D ;go< red and (egg!MMMMMMMMMMMM MMMM together for three !ears $efore the!

finall! got married.

/.D ;make< -e lost his o$ $ecause heMMMMMMMM MMMMM M ;causing< trou$le at the office.

-e was a real trou$lemaker.#.D ;$other< * had to go to the dentist $ecause a toothMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMM M me for a

monthF ;take< *MMMMMMMMM MMMMMMM MMM care of m!self.

3.D ;rain< When the monsoon finall! ended0 itMMMMMMMMMM MMMMM MMM for more than amonth.

=.D ;wait< When the! finall! had their $a$! $o!0 the!MMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMM MMM for

more than seven !ears.4ow complete the following sentences orall! or on a separate piece of paper.


62/62

E^A(KE:c.D * wasn2t surprised $! the +irector2s decision to suspend Nim from the

school $ecause he2d $een making a great deal of trou$le for a longtime.

@=

>.D When the rain finall! stopped

.D When * finall! found a good o$

@.D When our daughter finall! $ecame a medical doctor

U.D ! e!es were ver! tired last night $ecause1".D ! feet were ver! tired last night $ecause

11.D Nohn2s father had to go to the doctor $ecause

1/.D %he patient wasn2t feeling well $ecause1#.D When we finall! reached the top of t. Everest

13.D When our plane finall! landed at N, ;,enned! Airport in 4ew 7ork.D When m! girlfriendH$o!friend finall! got to our meeting place

1.D When the! finall! got married

[email protected] When the surgeon finall! finished the operation1U.D We were tired !esterda! morning $ecause our $a$!

/".D -e was kicked out of ;suspended from< school $ecause he/1.D When the concert finall! ended

//.D When * finished m! homework last night@>

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English Grammer 19