CONTENTS

ARTICLES ıı

Indefmite Article 11 Defmite Article 12 Zero Article 13 Exercises 16

NOUNS 19

One-word Nouns 19 Countable & Uncountable Nouns 23 Singular & Plural Forms of Nouns 27 Gender 33 The Genitive 33 Exercises 37

PRONOUNS 41

Personal Pronouns 41 Subject Pronouns 42 Object Pronouns 44 Possessive Adjective / Pronouns 48 Reflexive Pronouns 50 Demonstrative Adjectives / Pronouns..54 Indefmite Pronouns 55 Exercises 57

ADJECTIVES 61

Kinds of Adjectives and Their Uses 63 The Comparison of Adjectives 72 Exercises 81

ADVERBS 87

The Comparison of Adverbs 88 Kinds of Adverbs 90 -Adverbs of Manner 90 -Adverbs of Place 93 -Adverbs of time 94 -Adverbs of Duration 97 -Adverbs of Frequency 99 -Adverbs of Degree 102 Intensifıers 108 Focus Adverbs 110 Sentence Adverbs 111 Exercises 112

QUANTIFIERS 117

Quantifıer + Noun Combinations 117 -Quantifıer + plural countable noun 117 -Quantifier + uncountable noun 120 -Quantifier + plural countable noun or +

(singular) uncountable noun 122 -Quantifier + singular countable noun 128

Exercises 134

PREPOSITIONS 139

Prepositions of Time 141 Prepositions of Place 145 Prepositions of Direction 149 Prepositions of Reason & Purpose 150 Prepositions of Manner & Instrument 151 Preposition Combinations 152

-Noun + preposition combinations 152 -Verb + preposition combinations 153 -Preposition + noun combinations 154 -Adjective + preposition combinations 157

Exercises 158

VIII

CONJUNCTIONS 165

Co-ordinating Conjunctions 165 Correlative Conjunctions 167 Subordinating Conjunctions 169

TENSES 187

The Simple Present Tense 187 The Present Continuous Tense 191 The Simple Past Tense 195 The Past Continuous Tense 198 The Present Perfect Tense 201 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense 205 The Simple Past Perfect Tense 207 The Past Perfect Continuous Tense 210 The Simple Future Tense 212 The Future Continuous Tense 215 The Future Perfect Tense 217 The Future Perfect Continuous Tense 218 Exercises 221

MODALS 227

Ability 227 Permission / Prohibition 229 Obligation / Necessity 230 Possibility 233 Logical Conclusion 236 Request 238 Offer 239 Suggestion 240 Characteristic Habit 240 Kullanılan Diğer Kipler ve Yapıları 242 Exercises 246

THE PASSIVE VOICE 253

Forming The Passive 253 By Phrase In Passive Voice 254 Get + Past Participles In Passive Voice 254 Tenses In Passive Voice 255 The Passive Forms of Modals 257

Using Passive Voice In Interrogatives 258 Stative Passive 259 Impersonal Pronouns In Passive Voice 259 Indirect Objects As Passive Objects ..260 The Passive With Verbs of Saying and Believing 261 Exercises 262

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 265

Type-l 265 Type-2 268 Type-3 269 Other uses 270 Mixed Tense Sequences In Conditional Sentences 275 Exercises 276

THE GERUND 283

Use of The Gerund 283 Exercise 291

THE INFINITIVE 295

The To-infmitive 295 Bare Infinitive 303 Exercises 307

THE CAUSATIVE 309

General Information 309 Exercises 312

CLEFT SENTENCES 315

General Information 315 Exercises 316

IX

PARTICIPLES 317 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 379

Present Participle 317 Perfect Participle 321 Past Participle 321 Exercises 323

WISH CLAUSES 325

General Information 325 Exercises 328

INDIRECT SPEECH 331

Statements 331 Questions 340 Imperatives 341 Exercises 343

NOUN CLAUSES 349

General Information 349 Exercises 354

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 357 (Relative Clauses)

Defming Relative Clauses 358 Non-defining Relative Clauses 363 Connective Relative Clauses 366 Reduction of Relative Clauses 367 Exercises 370

Adverbial Clauses of Time 381 Adverbial Clauses of Place 381 Adverbial Clauses of Manner 382 Adverbial Clauses of Comparison 383 Adverbial Clauses of Reason 384 Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 385 Adverbial Clauses of Result 387 Adverbial Clauses of Concession 388 Exercises 391

TAG QUESTIONS 393

PHRASALVERBS 397

Exercises 487

IRREGULARVERBS 491

REVISION TEST-1- 495

REVISION TEST-2- 507

REVISION TEST-3- 517

ANSWERKEY 529

BIBLIOGRAPHY 560

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