BAB I

Foreword

 A. Background

The child is a little man who has the potential to be developed. Children have certain

distinctive characteristics and is not the same as adults, they are always active,

dynamic, enthusiastic and curious about what is seen, heard, and felt, as though they

never stop exploring and learning. Children are egocentric, and have a natural curiosity.

Children are social beings, unique, rich with fantasy, has a short attention span, and has

a period of the most potential to learn, therefore the educational efforts for the health of

children through the School Health Unit (UKS) is done by health workers Puskesmas is

very important because it will greatly assist the child in the growth into the future. A

healthy child is the root of the growth of the young generation is strong and superior to

fill a country's development. Factors conducive to the health of children to the future is

the health education efforts since early childhood (Sujiono, 2009).

Education is the environmental influences on children to make the changes permanent

or permanent in the habit of behavior, thoughts and attitudes of children. Quality

education for children is closely related to human resources quality as well. Qualified

human resources is one that has physically and mentally healthy. Efforts to develop the

human resources quality and healthy among others, by implementing the School Health

Unit (UKS) (Sujiono, 2009).

 

B.  The purpose of writing paper

1.    The General Purpose

Understand and know about the business school mat (UKS), and

 

2.    Special purpose

a.    Knowing understanding health efforts

b.    Knowing the scope of activities of the school health

c.    Knowing the purpose of school health efforts

d.   Knowing the business objectives of school health

e.    Knowing the business activities of school health

f.     determine the role of schools to promote health

 

 

 

 

BAB II DISCUSSION

 

A.   Definition

Healthy living as defined by the health agencies of the United Nations (UN) World

Health Organization (WHO) is a prosperous state of body, soul, and social that allow

people to live socially and economically productive. While mental health is a state which

allows the development of physical, mental, intellectual, emotional, and social optimal

from someone. In Law No. 23 of 1992 section 45 of the Health emphasized that "School

Health" was held to improve the ability of healthy life learners in a healthy living

environment so that students can learn, grow and develop in harmony and optimal that are

expected to make human resources quality. According to Sumantri (2007), learners should

be healthy and the parents pay attention to a healthy environment and eating nutritious

foods, so that human beings will be achieved pious, knowledgeable and healthy (SIS). In

the process of teaching and learning-oriented learning material on the head, heart and hand,

which is related to the knowledge, attitudes / values and skills. But still required health

factors (health) so that learners have 4 H (head, heart, hands and health).

School Health Unit (UKS) is an attempt to foster and develop healthy lifestyle habits and

behavior at school age learners who conducted a thorough (comprehensive) and integrated

(integrative) through educational programs and health education. UKS is part of the basic

health efforts sesuia workload goes to health centers in schools. To optimize the UKS

program should be increased participation of students as subjects and not just objects. With

UKS is expected to instill the attitude and behavior of healthy life to himself and able to

help others. From this sense, the infirmary is also known by the child-to-child programe.

Program of children, by children, and for children to create quality child.

B.  The scope of activities

The main activities of school health in the call with uks trias, which consists of:

1.      Health education

2.      Health services

3.      Guiding school life a healthy environment

Thus the triad uks blend between education and service efforts keseahatan. Health

education is a health education efforts are implemented in accordance with the school

curriculum. Health care is health efforts to improve the health of learners in order to grow

and develop healthy, which in turn can mningkatkan learning productivity and

achievement of learning. While fostering a healthy school environment is a combination of

the efforts of education and health measures to be applied in the school environment and

the daily lives of learners.

C.  School health business objectives

Generally UKS aims to improve the quality of education and learning achievement of

learners by increasing clean and healthy behaviors and health status of students. It also

creates a healthy environment, so as to enable the growth and development of harmonious

and optimized in order to establish quality of Indonesian human. While specifically UKS

goal is to create a healthy environment of school life, increase knowledge, change attitudes

and behaviors shaping the school community healthy and independent. In addition, it also

increases the role of the learners in improving health in schools and households and

communities, improving keteramplan healthy life in order to protect itself against adverse

environmental effects. 

D.  Target business school health

UKS service objectives are all students of the level of education:

1.    Schools kindergarten

2 Primary education

3.    Secondary education

4.    Religious education

5.    Vocational education

6.    Special education (special school)

For elementary school education elementary school in the priority class I, III, and VI

class. The reason is class I, a phase penyusuaian in the new school environment and free

from parental supervision, the possibility of contact with the various causes of the disease

is greater because of ignorance and lack of understanding of health. In addition, one class

is better for immunization Berika replications. In the class I do this in networking to detect

possible abnormalities that may arise making it easier supervision to the next level. Class

III, carried on in classes III to evaluate the results of the implementation of the results of

the implementation uks in the first class and the next steps that will be done in the coaching

program uks. Class VI, in order to prepare medical students to pursue further education, so

it requires maintenance and medical examinations ckup.

To learn effectively learners as a target UKS require good health. Health show that

the state of being of body, soul, and socially to enable more people to live socially and

economically productive. Health for learners is to determine the success of learning in

school, because the health of the learners can follow continuous learning. If students are

not healthy how to study properly. Therefore, we examine the concept put forward by the

United Nations (UN), that one of the indicators of the quality of human resources that is

health, not just education. There are three quality human resources, namely education

relating to how long to follow the education, health-related human resources, and the

economics associated with buying power. For economic level Indonesia still ranks or rank

very low at 108 in 2008, compared with neighboring countries. Economic progress of a

nation is usually correlated with the level of public health. The more advanced economies,

and the people the better the level of health. Therefore, if the rate of the economy still

ranks low, then the level of public health in general has not been in line with expectations.

Similarly, the human resources quality expected and the process still requires more effort

again.

E.  The business activities of school health

Nemir school health classify into 3 main activities, namely:

1.      School health education

a.    Kegiatan intra kurikuler,  the intention is health education is part of the school

curriculum, can be either a stand-alone subjects such as health science subjects or

inserted in the sciences laen such as sports and health, science, and so on.

b.    Kegiatan ekstra kurikuler, the intention is health education input in

ekstarakulikuler activities in order to instill healthy behavior of learners.

The activities can be carried out are:

a.    Health education of personnel related to the health centers:

1)      Personal hygiene which includes the maintenance of teeth and mouth, the

cleanliness of the skin and nails, eyes, ears and so on.

2)      Healthy poster competition

3)      Hygiene class Competition

2.      School health care

School health care, intended to maintain, improve, and find health problems early Yag

possible to learners and teachers.

Health care in schools will be undertaken by pusekesmas officer who is a team

that in the form below coordinator UKS consisting of doctors, nurses,

interpreters immunization and so on. And for coordination at the district level in

the form of Trustees of school health team (TPUKS). Activity-activity that is

done is:

a.       The medical examination, which covers the teeth and the mouth, eyes, ears

and throat, skin and hair, etc.

b.      Examination of the development of intelligence

c.       Giving immunization

d.      The discovery of early cases that may occur

e.       simple treatment

f.       First aid

g.      Referral when it finds a case that can not be addressed in schools, including

also the maintenance and inspection of teachers' health

F.   The role of schools in improving health

In the era of globalization, many challenges for students who can threaten his

physical and mental health. Not a few children who show unhealthy behaviors, such as

more likely to consume unhealthy foods that are high in fat, sugar, salt, low in fiber,

increase the risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity, and so on. Especially

before eating did not wash their hands first, allowing germs to enter the body. Besides

increasing the novice smoker, a young age, or the age of the students of the school that will

result in the risk of degenerative diseases. Other unhealthy behaviors alarming is doing free

association, so lapsed into social ills such as drug use or criminal acts. Moreover, these

unhealthy behaviors, caused by an unhealthy environment, as less clean homes, schools, or

communities.

Another challenge of unhealthy behaviors arise from self-learners themselves.

Physical activity they are less mobile, less any sport, lazy so not excited both at home and

or at school. Learners also tend to prefer and many watching television, playing video

games, and play station, resulting in less physically fit. As a result, they are prone to pain

and risk of various degenerative diseases at an early age. It is necessary for facilities and

programs for physical education or sports adequate and well programmed, at school and in

the surrounding communities. It is very supportive and enabling learners to move, create,

and exercise with a free, fun and beneficial to the health and physical fitness. Physical

health learners positively correlated to social emotional maturity. Teachers or parents need

to provide essential supplies for students that creates social-emotional maturity in order to

be successful in facing all kinds of challenges, including the challenge to succeed

academically. Learners will be able to control the stress they experienced, because if stress

is not controlled will cause a variety of diseases and will be an obstacle to the success of

learning.

To face the challenges that may threaten his physical and mental health of the school

memilkki important role to create and improve the health of students. Efforts are being

made among others by creating an environment "Healthy Schools" (Health Promoting

School / HPS) through UKS. This concept by the World Health Organization called HPS

(Health Promoting Schools) or the School of Health Promotion that "a health setting for

living, learning and working" with the aim (goal) "Help School Become Health Promoting

Schools." The program UKS this should be implemented so well that the school be a place

that can enhance or promote the health of learners.

According to WHO (Depkes, 2008) there are six main characteristics of schools that

can promote or improve health, namely

1.      Involving all parties associated with health problems to the school, students,

parents, and community leaders and organizations in the community.

2.      Strive to create a healthy and safe environment, including sanitation and water

that is free from all forms of violence, free from negative influences and abuse of

harmful substances, the atmosphere was caring parenting, respect and trust. The

creation of safe school yard, the community support fully.

3.      Provide health education to develop a curriculum that can improve the attitude

and behavior of learners positively to health, and can develop a variety of

keterampailan life that supports their physical, mental and social. In addition, pay

attention to the importance of education and training for teachers and parents.

4.      Provide access (opportunity) for the implementation of health services in schools,

namely screening, early diagnosis, monitoring and development, immunization, and

treatment is simple. In addition, collaborates with local health centers, and conduct

programs of food begizi with regard 'security' food.

5.      Implementing policies and efforts in schools to promote or improve health, the

policy supported by all school staff including realizing the learning process that can

create a healthy psychosocial environment for the whole school community. The next

policy providing existing services for all learners. Finally. policies on the use of

cigarettes, alcohol and drug abuse, including the prevention of all forms of violence /

harassment.

6.      Working hard to join or participate improving public health, by looking at the

health problems that occur in the community. Other ways to participate in the

activities of public health.

Efforts to develop "Healthy Schools" (Health Promoting School / HPS) through UKS

program needs to be socialized and well done. through health care (PHC) which is

supported by a steady and adequate by other related sectors, such as community

participation, businesses, and mass media. School as a venue for the learning process

should be the HPS, the schools can improve the health of residents of the school. This

work is done because the school has an environment that reflects the life of a healthy life.

Moreover, seeking optimal health care, to guarantee the process of learning well and create

conditions that support the achievement of the ability of learners to beperilaku healthy life.

All of these efforts will be achieved if the school and the environment nurtured and

developed. Coaching school environment healthier done through maintenance of physical

facilities and school environments, procuring school facilities that support the creation of a

clean environment and a healthy, working together with the community around the school

that contains the environment of clean and healthy, and making the arrangement yard,

lawn, herb and market safe school.

Efforts to develop "Healthy Schools" (Health Promoting School / HPS) through UKS

program needs to be socialized and well done. through health care (PHC) which is

supported by a steady and adequate by other related sectors, such as community

participation, businesses, and mass media. School as a venue for the learning process

should be the HPS, the schools can improve the health of residents of the school. This

work is done because the school has an environment that reflects the life of a healthy life.

Moreover, seeking optimal health care, to guarantee the process of learning well and create

conditions that support the achievement of the ability of learners to beperilaku healthy life.

All of these efforts will be achieved if the school and the environment nurtured and

developed. Coaching school environment healthier done through maintenance of physical

facilities and school environments, procuring school facilities that support the creation of a

clean environment and a healthy, working together with the community around the school

that contains the environment of clean and healthy, and making the arrangement yard,

lawn, herb and market safe school.

Life skills education is based on the concept that learners need learning to be

(learning to be), learning to learn (learning to learn) or learning to know (learning to

know), learning to live with others (learning to live together), and learning to do (learning

to do). Based on this concept, life skills are divided into four categories: life skills personal

learning to be), life skills social (learning live with others), life skills are academic

(learning to learn / learning to know), and vocational skills (learning to do ).

Personal skills (personal skills), including proficiency in understanding oneself (self

awareness skills) and thinking skills (thinking skills). For learners to practice personal

skills essential to build confidence, develop a noble character, develop potential, and

instilling compassion and respect for others. Social skills (social skills), including

communication skills (communication skills) and the capacity to work together

(collaboration skills). Practicing social skills necessary to help students develop positive

relationships, constructively manage emotions and increase participation in activities that

benefit society. Academic skills (academic skills) or intellectual prowess. Practicing

academic skills necessary to help learners acquire scientific skills, and analytical

technologies needed to achieve success in formal educational institutions and the

workplace. Vocational skills (vocational skills) or vocational capabilities consist of basic

vocational skills (basic vocational skills) and specific vocational skills (occupational

skills). Practicing vocational skills essential to equip students with the technical skills and

attitude required by companies or agencies that provide employment.

These four types of life skills that produce individuals who have physical health

and spiritual, or spiritual birth that is required to survive in any environment. Learners have

the ability to utilize all resources optimally, so that it will improve the quality of education

and quality of life. Life skills acquired by students through the learning process not just

happen, it can be practiced by the learners in their daily lives by the example given by the

teachers, parents and members of the community. Life skills to help learners positively and

adaptively cope with the situation and the demands of everyday life. For that school

students develop life skills among others, creating a healthy school environment, working

with the community to provide a variety of school needs to create and improve the health

of their students, both physical and non-physical.

 

G.  Policies to increase the implementation of the business improvement of school

health

To support the improvement of the learning process better, the physical quality

improvement programs and the development of healthy schools will continue to be

implemented. So that learners can form a healthy and fit as well as schools that meet the

standards of healthy schools. How that is done is to optimize a variety of efforts to

develop healthy school among others made efforts to increase the professionalism of

teachers and educators through training, guidance and counseling, as well as efforts to

disseminate and implement in the field infirmary, health education, life skills education,

physical education and physical fitness. Making educational assessment and

development, among others with a more focused assessment efforts in order to improve

the ability of healthy living, carry out an evaluation in accordance with efforts to improve

the physical quality and the development of healthy schools. Intensify the assessment and

development of science and technology among others to strengthen the development of

programs for the development of science and carry out the assessment and development

of the field of measurement, standardization, evaluation within the framework of efforts

to improve the physical quality and the development of healthy schools. Improve

physical fitness assessment analysis activities, physical education and recreation

education can directly benefit students, staff and community kependikan and support the

improvement of the quality of education..

 

H.  How to carry out health education in schools

Health education has several objectives, namely to have knowledge about health

issues, has a value and a positive attitude towards the principles of healthy living, have

skills in maintenance, assistance and health care, have healthy habits, capable of

transmitting healthy behavior, learners grow and develop in harmony , applying the

principles of disease prevention, have a deterrent power against bad influence from

outside, have physical fitness and optimal health health education objective will be

achieved by various means implementation.

How to carry out health education in schools is done through the presentation and

planting habits. How the presentation of education emphasizes the active role of students

through lectures, discussions, demonstrations, coaching, games, and assignments. Custom

planting done through the assignment to perform a healthy way of life everyday and

continuous observation by teachers and principals. The success of health education is

determined by the example and encouragement of principals, teachers, school personnel,

and parents. The success was also determined the relationship between teachers and

parents of students, what is given by teachers in schools should also be supported by

parents at home.

Health education materials taught in schools adapted to the different education levels.

Educational materials that include dengue fever, avian flu, nutrition services, oral health,

waste management, management of excreta, waste disposal facilities, water management,

water supply, water and sanitation, pegenalan on communicable diseases and their

prevention. Especially for students of SMP / MTs and SMA / SMK / MA coupled with

reproductive health, early detection of the dangers of smoking and drug abuse, drugs,

booze, and materials that are harmful and addictive substances (drugs) and HIV / AIDS.

UKS conducted from TK / RA to high school / MA, and implemented in stages from

school / madrasah to the center in a coordinated manner between schools with the steering

committee, the steering committee UKS underneath with the top and between the members

of the steering committee for UKS parallel. UKS activities in the school environment

includes several activities, the first is the coordination meetings both at the central,

provincial, district and team coaches. All done by inviting team members UKS good

Trustees of the health sector in the country and of national education. Second, provide help

improve the quality of health madrasah, then the orientation of small physician for MI, and

a cadre of adolescent health for MTs and MA. UKS coaching by TPUKS (Team coach

UKS) is still low and not evenly. Health-based health education with school health

programs or the implementation of healthy schools, is expected to be part of the

implementation of education, not only in madrassas but also in schools.

 

 

 

 

 

 

BAB III

CLOSING

A.  Conclusion

School health (UKS) is one of the efforts to foster and develop an unhealthy living

habits will be undertaken in an integrated manner through educational programs and health

services in schools. The religious universities and the efforts undertaken in the framework

of development and maintenance of health in the school environment.

Healthy living as defined by the health agencies of the United Nations (UN) World

Health Organization (WHO) is a prosperous state of body, soul, and social that allow

people to live socially and economically productive. While mental health is a state which

allows the development of physical, mental, intellectual, emotional, and social optimal

from someone. In Law No. 23 of 1992 section 45 of the Health emphasized that "School

Health" was held to improve the ability of healthy life learners in a healthy living

environment so that students can learn, grow and develop in harmony and optimal that are

expected to make human resources quality. According to Sumantri, M. (2007) learners

should be healthy and the parents pay attention to a healthy environment and eating

nutritious foods, so that human beings will be achieved pious, knowledgeable and healthy

(SIS). In the process of teaching and learning-oriented learning material on the head, heart

and hand, which is related to the knowledge, attitudes / values and skills. But still required

health factors (health) so that learners have 4 H (head, heart, hands and health). 

B.     Criticism and suggestions 

1.  In terms of trying drafting the paper "School Activity Unit (UKS)". We are expecting

criticism, suggestions and constructive partisivasi to us, in order to complete the

preparation of this paper and the mother as we expected.

2.    Should all friends of nursing science studies leting 2008 Abulyatama Aceh, can

determine Unit School Activities and apply to other comrades.