1. What does it mean to be

“enlightened”?

To gain knowledge and wisdom: to be freed from prejudice, ignorance, or superstition

2. What is the Enlightenment

commonly referred to as?

The Age of Reason

3. What is “reason”?

To think logically

***When was the

Enlightenment?

1600-1800

17th and 18th centuries

4. How were the

Enlightenment and

Renaissance similar?

Both studied the ideas and art of

ancient Greece and Rome.

5. What new form of

literature evolved during

the Age of Enlightenment?

The novel

The most popular novel author today is John Grisham

Tom Clancy is also very popular today

6. What Age of Enlightenment

book did Thomas

Hobbes write?

Leviathan

A Leviathan is a huge “sea monster”

7. What did Hobbes argue was the best

form of government in

Leviathan?

Absolutism: to manage behavior

The Leviathan, or sea monster,

represents the all powerful

government Hobbes believed exist to

avoid chaos

Hobbes absolute

ruler

8. Who wrote the Two Treatises of Government?

The mystery author!

John Locke

9A. What did Locke argue was the best form of Government?

9B. Why?

A. democracy

B. Locke believed in democracy because he argued the people were SOVEREIGN--the people have ultimate power

10. What three rights did Locke

say the Government

MUST protect?

Life, liberty, and

property

11. What effects did John Locke have on the United States?

He influenced the Declaration of Independence.

“among these rights are life, liberty, and

the pursuit of happiness”

12. Who wrote The Spirit of Laws?

Who is this author?

Baron de Montesquieu

Montesquieu was from France

13. What idea about the

structure of government

did Montesquieu

express in Spirit?

“separation of powers”

--3 branches of government

14. Why did Montesquieu

advocate “separation of

powers”?

In order to avoid one person gaining

all the power

(NO ABSOLUTISM!)

15. If Montesqueiu is

AGAINST absolutism, then

which thinker does he disagree

with?

Thomas Hobbes

A Leviathan: The absolute government

16. What effect did Montesquieu

have on the United States ?

Montesquieu influenced the U.S.

Constitution

The Constitution sets up three branches of

Government, just as Montesquieu recommended.

17. What was Voltaire famous

for saying?

“I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to the

death your right to say it”

18. What does this

quote defend?

Freedom of speech and

religion

19. What was Voltaire’s

opinion on the relationship

between religion and the

government?

There should be “separation of church

and state”

Church State

20. Who wrote the

Social Contract

?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

21. What does Rousseau say about “The Social (or society’s) Contract?”

It is a contract between the

people and their rulers

22. What does Rousseau say should happen if this contract

is broken by the rulers?

The people should rebel!

The Storming of Bastille

Liberty leading the People

by Delacroix

23. What were four effects of

the Enlightenment?

Fueled democratic revolutions around world (American, French)

Bastille: The French Revolution Begins July

14, 1789!

Signing of the Declaration of Independence: July 4, 1776

Applied reason to the human world (government, law)

Stimulated religious tolerance“It would be

reasonable if we all just got along, wouldn’t it?

Billy Graham,Protestant, and Pope John Paul II

Taught that our rights come from natural law NOT the government

Natural rights