Iraq Transport Corridors Project (P131550)

Environmental and Social Audit for R6 Stretch of Expressway 1

November 14, 2013

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Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1

Audit Action Plan following Environmental and Social Audit of R6 ...................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION TO THE AUDIT REPORT ............................................................................................ 6

CHAPTER 1: FINDINGS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS AUDIT ................................. 8

1.1 Potential Impacts Assessment during Preparation ........................................................................ 8

1.2 Site Observations and potential impacts ....................................................................................... 8

1.3 Monitoring and Reporting Arrangements during Implementation ............................................. 10

1.4 Occupational Health and Safety on the site ................................................................................ 10

2. Remedial Plan ............................................................................................................................. 11

2.1 Short term – 1 month .................................................................................................................. 11

2.2 Medium Term – 3-12 months ..................................................................................................... 11

2.3 Long Term – beyond 24 months ................................................................................................. 12

3: Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 12

CHAPTER 2: FINDINGS OF THE SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS AUDIT ................................................... 13

1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 13

1.1 Summary Description of On-going Civil Works for Section R6 ............................................ 13

1.2 Social Safeguards Provisions .................................................................................................. 13

1.3 GOI Laws and Regulations ..................................................................................................... 14

2. Social Safeguards Audit Findings ................................................................................................... 15

2.1 Objectives of the Social Safeguards Audit .............................................................................. 15

2.2 Technical Approach ................................................................................................................ 16

2.3 Audit Schedule ........................................................................................................................ 16

2.4 Audit Implementation Environment ....................................................................................... 17

2.5 Findings of the R6 Social Safeguards Audit ........................................................................... 17

2.6 Social Audit Action Plan ......................................................................................................... 18

3. Upgrading of the Baseline Social Census ................................................................................... 18

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 18

3. 2 Findings from the Site Visit on Socio-Economic Issues ........................................................ 19

3.3 Baseline Social Census Action Plan ....................................................................................... 21

ANNEXES .................................................................................................................................................. 25

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Annex 1: List of persons met during site visit ....................................................................................... 25

Annex 2: Comparison of Selected Iraqi Legislation and Policies and World Bank Safeguards Policies Applicable to R6 ..................................................................................................................................... 26

Annex 3: Other Relevant Site Photographs .......................................................................................... 28

Annex 4: Baseline Social Census Undertaken During Social Safeguards Audit ................................... 30

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ABBREVATIONS AN D ACRONYMS

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environment and Social Management Plan

GoI Government of Iraq

GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism

ICP Iraq Corridor Project

MoCH Ministry of Construction and Housing

OHS Occupational Health and Safety

OP Operational Policy

PCR Physical Cultural Resources

KRG Kurdistan Regional Government

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RoW Right of Way

SCRB State Commission for Roads and Bridges

TOR Terms of Reference

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction The Iraq Transport Corridors Project is a project of the Government of Iraq (GoI), proposed to be supported by the World Bank, whose objective is to improve road transport connectivity and safety on selected road sections along Expressway 1 and the North-South transport corridor in Iraq. The Project would finance: (i) The rehabilitation of R7 and R8 sections of Expressway No. 1, (ii) The construction of Segments 3 of the North-South Corridor in KRG, and (iii) several technical assistance related to the road sector. The Rehabilitation of one section of the Expressway No.1 – Section R6 – is already underway. The Client has agreed to apply Bank safeguards policies to the entire corridor, including to R6. Since road works are already ongoing on R6, SCRB agreed that an Environmental and Social Audit would be prepared. It was also agreed that the action plan prepared to address the findings of the audit would be implemented by GoI. The audit broadly followed the Terms of Reference which had the following objectives: • Develop clarity on, and summarize succinctly, (i) how potential social and environmental

impacts for the non-Bank financed segments were assessed and (ii) monitored. • Based on the above social and environment impact summary, assess whether the mitigation

measures are consistent with national environmental and social laws and regulations; • Provide a summary comparison between the mitigation measures developed as per Iraqi and

KRG standards vis-à-vis the policy requirements of Bank safeguards; • Review the contracts for these sections and ascertain whether environmental and social

management clauses were incorporated in the absence of prepared safeguards instruments, or what measures are in place to ensure compliance with domestic policies and regulations. The audit should also confirm if Iraqi environmental and social regulations were complied with.

• Through site investigations/visits, verify that the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) requirements are being followed or adhere to in the ongoing civil works on the three sections.

• Prepare a practical remedial action plan, if necessary, to address any adverse environmental or social impacts that may have occurred. If such a plan is not needed, then a clear and robust explanation supported by evidence to demonstrate that sufficient due diligence was carried out.

Limitation of the Audit In view of the constraints on timing, and the limitation due to non-availability of relevant documents such as the Contract for the Works being executed, from GoI, the audit was confined to site observations and discussions. Highlights of Findings An ESIA, ESMP and RAP were prepared and disclosed in August, 2013 for the Expressway 1. Coverage of Section R6 on social safeguards issues was included in these documents. However, because section R6 is an “associated facility” on which the government has already commenced activities, the World Bank requested that an Environmental and Social Audit be undertaken for this road section. The objective of the Audit was to determine if ongoing project activities have

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complied with national laws and regulations and whether there are gaps between these laws and World Bank safeguards policies. The Audit work involved a review of existing documentation and site visits to Section R6. The site visits to Section R6 were carried out on 25th September 2013 for Environmental aspects, and 30th September for social aspects with the designated MOCH officials. The Environmental Audit determined that no Environmental Assessment was carried out for Section R6. The Social Audit identified 11 roadside entities (likely restaurants and shops) which had been partially demolished, seemingly due to ongoing road works. A number of these entities were illegally encroached on the ROW and, under Iraqi laws and regulations, did not qualify for mitigation/compensation. Under the Bank’s OP4.12, however, owners and workers in these entities would qualify for mitigation/compensation, meaning that a gap exists between the national laws and the Bank’s safeguards provisions. Although the chances of identifying the owners of these 11 entities is very slim, measures do need to be put in place so mitigation/compensation can be provided if owners can be identified. The site visit to R6 established that there will be no acquisition of privately owned land under the project; road works are occurring solely on State-owned land and installation of service lay-bys will be undertaken on State-owned land. During the site visit along R6, observations on the handling of environmental and safety issues were undertaken; and discussions were held with stakeholders present at different locations to gather information on the effects of the road works to date, and to hear their perspectives on how their issues and concerns about the road works have been handled.. The Social Audit field visit involved visits to all entities which were open along the ROW and immediately adjacent to the ROW. This exercise was instrumental in clarifying and understanding the nature and range of impacts that have occurred. This exercise was also instrumental in determining that the Baseline Social Census undertaken previously for the ESIA/ESMP and RAP was incomplete for the R6 section. Consequently, during the site visit, information in the Social Census was improved such that it is now comprehensive and fully accurate. Section R6 of Expressway No. 1 runs 145km from Nasiriya to Diwaniya interchange on the South-Central Corridor between Baghdad and Bassra. It consists of six incomplete lanes which have existed for many years. However, the right alignment of the road running south has remained incomplete, consisting only of the base and sub-base. The left alignment running south includes the bitumen binder and, because of the incomplete condition of the right alignment, has been used for two-way traffic since 2005. The on-going road works on Section R6 are completing the grading and paving of the right alignment so the road can operate as the intended 6 lane dual carriageway. The road works on R6 are entirely financed and managed by the MoCH of the GOI. As of early June, 2013, the left alignment of the road had undergone repair, but the final asphalt surface layer had not been completed. As of end September, 2013, some sections of the right alignment had only the sub-base and base completed with the bitumen binder being partly completed. On some sections of the right alignment, milling of the road is still ongoing, particularly in areas closer to the Diwaniya intersection. The road works are executed by two State Owned Enterprise Companies, Ashur and Hammurabi and a separate contractor Al-Moutasini is deployed for structural works. Very few sensitive receptors were observed close to the roadside during the visit. The hot-mix plant operated for the site are reported to be very sophisticated equipment with an automatic shutdown in case pollution control devices are not working and are located away from large habitations, though it is not clear whether there is any legal requirement for safe distance or not. Some of the vehicles used for transport of fine

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material, which could cause dust pollution, were seen to be moving around without cover, while others were noted to be transporting material properly covered. Perhaps the most noticeable limitation on the environmental management aspects was lack of clarity on the official responsible for ensuring the implementation of agreed measures. The current staffing for overseeing the implementation of R6, as described by the MOCH official, is clearly not sufficient to confirm that the environmental management measures will be applied, monitored, and reported on within the SCRB/MOCH. Limitations with regard to site works were observed in the following environmental and safety related aspects: • Drainage and water flow close to culverts • Improper storage of scarified asphaltic material within the RoW • Unsafe borrowing of material from RoW for earthworks with potential safety concerns for

any local people and cattle • Provision and use of personal protective equipment for workers, especially those working at

heights • Constricted channels for large water courses, such as the Euphrates river, which need to be

restored to their original section before arrival of the rainy season. The Social Audit confirms that the road civil works on this section do not require any private land acquisition (temporary or permanent) and entities established on private land will not be relocated. The key Social Audit finding is that there are 11 entities situated either on the ROW or immediately adjacent to it that appears to have been partially demolished by the road works activities. The audit recommendation is that, if they can be located, the owners of these 11 entities will be provided with compensation for their structures. These structures comprise 4 larger more refined structures (constructed of cement block plastered and painted and with fixed roofs) and 7 small adobe structures (constructed of mud and straw without fixed roofs), all of which probably operated as shops or restaurants. The field visit along R6 also made it clear that the original Social Census Baseline undertaken for the ESIA/ESMP and RAP for the Expressway 1 was incomplete and that modifications were necessary on the following: • Number of Affected Entities • Operational Status of Affected Entities • Size and Construction Materials of Affected Entities • Function of Entity To adjust for these omissions and discrepancies, the Baseline Social Census was updated as of September 30, 2013. This Census should now be considered the definitive version. The information contained in the ESIA/ESMP and RAP should thus be integrated into these documents and the documents then be re-disclosed by the Government.

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Audit Action Plan

The Action Plan proposed for agreement with the GoI for environmental and social aspects includes steps that can be taken in the short- medium- and long-term horizons. The GOI has already agreed to implement this Action Plan during the negotiations of the Transport Corridors Project that took place on Nov 4 and 5, 2013.

The total estimated cost to implement the Action Plan is US$ 5 million broken as follows: • US$ 4.5 million for the Social Actions which consist mainly of the construction of service

lay-bys (US$ 1.5 million) and access roads (US$ 3 million). The service lay-bys are inclusive of those included in the Entitlement Matrix of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) of Expressway 1 that was cleared by the Bank and disclosed on September 17, and 18 2013 locally and in Infoshop respectively.

• US$ 0.5 million for the Environmental Actions. The following Table details the Action Plan:

Audit Action Plan following Environmental and Social Audit of R6 Action Responsibility Timeframe

Implement the road works for the entire Expressway 1 in compliance with the ESIA, ESMP and RAP

MoCH Continuous throughout project

life Develop an action plan for cleaning up of the culverts and bridges site of any unsuitable material in advance of the upcoming rainy season. This needs to be done immediately so that there is enough time to prioritize and deploy teams to ensure that by the time rains arrive, the culvert openings are clear preventing any flooding and erosion.

MoCH/ Contractor

January 2014

Obtain and confirm the availability of and compliance with conditions laid down in statutory permits from the regulatory ministries – Environment and others like Water Resources, as applicable.

MoCH /Contractor

January 2014

Assign clear responsibilities for reporting progress on environmental management activities within the SCRB/MOCH, GoI and share with the Bank.

MoCH/SCRB January 2014

Confirm monitoring requirements and reporting protocols with Ministry of Environment especially for plant sites.

MoCH //MoEnv Contractor

January 2014

Ascertain the quantity of asphalt waste that has been removed from the expressway pavement and prepare a plan for its appropriate disposal. Try out innovative options like using it for roads with lower levels of service or for shoulder filling if found suitable.

MoCH/ Contractor

January 2014

Ensure availability of personal protective equipment – helmets, harness belts, etc. and first aid kit on the site. Confirm that no underage young people are working on the project sites.

MoCH/Contractor January 2014

Activate a transparent and easily accessible Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for Section R6

MoCH/Contractor December, 2013

Adoption of the Baseline Social Census undertaken for R6 on MoCH December, 2013

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Action Responsibility Timeframe September 30, 2013 as the definitive Census. Provide capacity building for MoCH officials, staff, and road engineers on the World Bank policy provisions for social safeguards

MoCH January 2014

MoCH to hire, hire at least one social safeguards specialist MoCH February 2014 Enforce anti-encroachment measures for the R6 ROW MoCH April 2014 Expand the functions of the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for Section R6

MoCH April 2014

. Identify designated officer(s) responsible for environmental aspects and communicate with the Bank.

MoCH January 2014

Begin on-the-job training for staff responsible for environmental aspects and explore possibility of formal training.

MoCH July 2014

Complete the culvert clearance in the 3 month timeframe and establish a schedule for planning for all subsequent years.

MoCH/Contractor July 2014

Prepare designs for option selected for reuse/disposal of waste asphalt (both current and that may be generated in the future) in consultation with the technical unit or equivalent in MOCH.

MoCH July 2014

Start implementation of emergency response plan, periodically review efficacy

MoCH/Contractor July 2014

Begin review of documentation for works contracts to ensure seamless integration of environmental management as well as OSH requirements in the bidding documents.

MoCH July 2014

Ensure safe access to, and protection of, the two religious sites from the R6:

MoCH February 2014

Capacity Building to MoCH officials, staff, and road engineers on the World Bank policy provisions for environmental and social safeguards should be made available

MoCH Continuous after 2014

Plan, design and install dedicated Trucker Service lay-bys. MoCH On-going as of February 2014

Plan, design and install dedicated Service Lay-bys MoCH On-going as of February 2014

Ensure safe access to commercial entities from Expressway MoCH On-going as of February 2014

Ensure continued effective operation of the GRM

MoCH Continuous throughout project life & for 1 year

subsequent to completion of R6

Develop a long term vision for developing in-house capacity in MOCH for handling routine environmental management and OSH issues through a dedicated environment and social cell

MoCH January 2015

Identify staff that have the propensity to undertake environmental and social assessment, and provide incentives (such as training opportunities/increased visibility/pay raise or a combination) to help them become part of this cell.

MoCH January 2015

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INTRODUCTION TO THE AUDIT REPORT The Iraq Transport Corridors Project is a project of the Government of Iraq (GoI), proposed to be supported by the World Bank, whose objective is to improve road transport connectivity and safety on selected road sections along Expressway 1 and the North-South transport corridor in Iraq. The Project would finance: (i) The rehabilitation of R7 and R8 sections of Expressway No. 1, (ii) The construction of Segments 3 of the North-South Corridor in KRG, and (iii) several technical assistance related to the road sector. Other sections of the Expressway No. 1 will be financed by GOI and the Islamic Development Bank and other segments of the North-South Corridor will be financed by the KRG. The Rehabilitation of one section of the Expressway No.1 – Section R6 – is already underway. The Client has agreed to apply Bank safeguards policies to the entire corridor. Identification of these issues has, and will continue to be given careful attention through the ESIA and the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), and the RAP of all Expressway 1 that have been prepared and disclosed. Since SCRB is already upgrading other segments of Expressway No. 1, namely R6, it was agreed that an Environmental and Social Audit will be prepared. It was also agreed that the action plan prepared to address the findings of the audit would be implemented by GoI. In view of the difficulty of mobilizing qualified consultants within the timeframe by which the Audit needed to be completed, it was agreed that Bank staff undertake independent environmental and social audits with a view to looking at the potential environmental and social impacts, including resettlement and compensation related issues and outputs associated with the ongoing civil works on segments 1 and 4 of the North-South Transport Corridor in KRG, and section R6 of Expressway No. 1 (Nasiriya – Diwaniya) of the South-Center Transport Corridor in Southern Iraq. They were to develop clarity on, and summarize succinctly, (i) how potential social and environmental impacts for the non-Bank financed segments were assessed and (ii) monitored. This summary will constitute a critical part of clarifying the potential environment and social adverse impacts and monitoring systems in place. They were also expected to: • Based on the above social and environment impact summary, assess whether the mitigation

measures are consistent with national environmental and social laws and regulations; • Provide a summary comparison between the mitigation measures developed as per Iraqi and

KRG standards vis-à-vis the policy requirements of Bank safeguards; • Review the contracts for these sections and ascertain whether environmental and social

management clauses were incorporated in the absence of prepared safeguards instruments, or what measures are in place to ensure compliance with domestic policies and regulations. The audit should also confirm if Iraqi environmental and social regulations were complied with.

• Through site investigations/visits, verify that the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) requirements are being followed or adhere to in the ongoing civil works on the three sections.

• Prepare a practical remedial action plan, if necessary, to address any adverse environmental or social impacts that may have occurred. If such a plan is not needed, then a clear and robust explanation supported by evidence to demonstrate that sufficient due diligence was carried out.

In view of the constraints on timing, and the limitation due to non-availability of relevant documents such as the Contract for the Works being executed, from GoI, audit was confined to

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site observations, review of relevant documentation and discussions. The report is divided into two sections: environmental and social. The first treats the environmental audit and the social audit is attached in its entirety at the end of the environmental audit.

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CHAPTER 1: FINDINGS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS AUDIT

1.1 Potential Impacts Assessment during Preparation From the information shared by the Government of Iraq (GoI), it is not clear if an environmental assessment was carried out for the R6 segment. ESIA for the Bank-funded component states that no such assessment has been carried out.1 The ESIA does include several measures for the management of Air Quality and Noise related impacts but it is not clear where these would need to be applied. The measures are quite generic but it cannot be ascertained whether the Contract being implemented actually requires these to be put in place by the Contractor since relevant documentation could not be reviewed during the audit.

1.2 Site Observations and potential impacts 1. The 145 km long R6 section was visited on 25th September 2013 between 8 am and 2 pm in

line with agreement with the local team (see figures 1-3). During the site visit, it was observed that the roadside is essentially flat terrain dominated by sandy desert plains. The eastern side of the expressway had distinctly more vegetation than the western side. Few environmentally sensitive receptors were observed to be located close to the RoW, except for a mosque some distance from the RoW (see details below).

Figure 1: Northern Stretch of R6

Figure 2: On-going work in km 90-95

Figure 3: Southern End of R6

2. It was informed that the original contract period for this segment was 2008-2013. About 35

km of site is open for earthworks. The team noted that there were three major plant/camp sites from which construction was undertaken. The first is at the Didariyah end which is for the Hammurabi Construction Company, and the other is for Amman, who is working for the Ashur Company. The 3rd Contractor involved is Al-Mautasin Company, responsible for structural works – bridges, interchanges, overpasses.

3. During discussions with the Amman team the campsite where their asphalt plant and other machinery are stationed, it emerged that while no siting criteria were specified, permit for renting the land was obtained from the Environment Ministry. Since no copies of the permit have been reviewed, the extent to which the site was in compliance with conditions laid down in it, if any, could not be established. However, the site in-charge from Amman pointed out that the pollution from their asphalt production plant, which has a capacity of 540 t/hr was likely to be minimal since it automatically shuts down if some of the filter bags in the

1 In the Executive Summary, the ESIA mentions: “The southern part includes a section from Diwaniya to Nasiriya (R6) that is 145 km long and under construction with funding from the Government of Iraq. There is no ESIA and ESMP done for this section, it has been in construction on and off for several years.”

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bag house are damaged. Some of the vehicles used for transport of fine material, which could cause dust pollution, were seen to be moving around without cover, while others were noted to be transporting material properly covered.

4. The following limitations were noted regarding the performance of the various teams with

regard to environmental management: • In several locations, the culvert construction has either been completed or was on-

going. It was observed that in many of these locations (see Figure 4), the openings have not been cleaned up and can hinder the smooth passage of water. This should be an important consideration as the rainy season approaches as it can cause erosion and/or flooding in some of the lands, especially since productive land is scarce. It can also prevent passage of water downstream where it was seen to be led into smaller channels for localized irrigation

Figure 4: Culvert in km 11

Figure 5: Scarified material beyond pavement edge

• Disposal of scrapped asphalt, which can contain potentially hazardous substances, is a concern that is still to be handled from the repair of the 3 lanes currently being used by traffic (see Figure 5). Identifying such sites will also help with eventual disposal of rejects from the contractors’ plant once work is completed for the entire stretch.

Figure 6: Borrowing within RoW in km 110-115

Figure 7: Cattle roaming within RoW

Figure 8: Mosque beyond RoW

• Borrowing of earth (see figures 6 and 7) from within the RoW was noted in the stretch under Ashur Company. In Iraq, the RoW for the expressway was informed to be 130m and the potential for damage to the road itself may be minimal. However, the unsafe conditions caused due to the excavation, which was observed to be vertical, rather than at a slope of 1:2, as is common practice, were noted to be a potential hazard. The situation can become much more complicated in case of unsupervised/stray cattle.

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• The nearest structure observed was a mosque (Figure 8) that was some distance from edge of RoW. No direct impacts of construction are anticipated from observation during site visit. However, access to it may be restricted even further once the full width of the expressway is operational.

Figure 9: Constricted river channel in km 130-135

Figure 10: Top of bridge under construction

• Construction of bridges (Figures 9 & 10) over large watercourses – at km 126, km 131+200 and the Euphrates at km 141+400 require special attention because the waterway has been constricted to allow easier construction (see Figure 9). In addition to managing discharges that may affect its quality – such as concrete washing run-off, chemical additives for better performance of concrete, the issue of safety of workers also needs to be addressed. While the Al-Mautasin resident representative was of the opinion that their focus on safety meant there would be little chance of such an event, there was no documentation that could be shared for perusal by the team.

1.3 Monitoring and Reporting Arrangements during Implementation There is little direct monitoring of environmental aspects for R6. It was informed by the accompanying GoI official that the project in-charge Engineer had two deputies. However, it is not clear how responsibilities are divided between the various officials, and whether there is any agreement on how and what reporting on environmental management, as well as safety will be effected. The team had requested the information regarding the deployment of the At one of the plant sites, managed by Ammann, the team was informed that Iraq Ministry of Environment Inspection had carried out some air quality monitoring at a location just outside their perimeter. However, no further details – actual purpose, methods employed, results obtained, any follow-up action recommended/carried out. So, efficacy of such sporadic monitoring is not currently known.

1.4 Occupational Health and Safety on the site There was considerable variation in the extent to which OHS requirements are followed across the contract. Almost all workers wear blue overalls, which can be seen from a distance but for personal protection the situation is far more varied. For asphalt work, it was observed that most workers have safety shoes on, and the traditional Arab head dress can help in checking fumes to a limited extent. Issues around use of masks, especially when road surfaces are being cleaned up using compressed air, need to be handled. However, for structures, especially at locations of overpasses, there is much scope for improvement. Provision of helmets/hard hats, harness to secure the individuals, safety shoes, etc. all need to be adhered to. In particular, when working over the 3 lanes with traffic, this can reduce the chances of disastrous consequences.

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Figure 11: Overpass Construction site

Figure 12: Overpass girder with workers on top

Figure 13: Workers with asphalt paver

2. Remedial Plan

2.1 Short term – 1 month 1. Establish clear responsibilities for reporting progress on environmental management

activities within the SCRB/MOCH, GoI and share with the Bank. 2. Obtain and confirm the availability of and compliance with conditions laid down in

statutory permits from the regulatory ministries – Environment and others like Water Resources, as applicable.

3. Confirm monitoring requirements and reporting protocols with Ministry of Environment especially for plant sites.

4. Develop an action plan for cleaning up of the culverts and bridges site of any unsuitable material in advance of the upcoming rainy season. This needs to be done immediately so that there is enough time to prioritize and deploy teams to ensure that by the time rains arrive, the culvert openings are clear preventing any flooding and erosion.

5. Ascertain the quantity of asphalt waste that has been removed from the expressway pavement and prepare a plan for its appropriate disposal. Try out innovative options like using it for roads with lower levels of service or for shoulder filling if found suitable.

6. Ensure availability of personal protective equipment – helmets, harness belts, etc. and first aid kit on the site. Confirm that no underage young people are working on the project sites.

2.2 Medium Term – 3 to 12 months 7. Operationalize reporting arrangements, with designated officer(s) responsible for

communicating with the Bank identified. Begin their on-the-job training and explore possibility of formal training on environmental aspects.

8. Complete the culvert clearance in the 3 month timeframe and establish a schedule for planning for all subsequent years.

9. Prepare designs for option selected for reuse/disposal of waste asphalt (both current and that may be generated in the future) in consultation with the technical unit or equivalent in MOCH.

10. Start implementation of emergency response plan, periodically review efficacy 11. Begin review of documentation for works contracts to ensure seamless integration of

environmental management as well as OSH requirements in the bidding documents.

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2.3 Long Term – beyond 24 months 12. Develop a long term vision for developing in-house capacity in MOCH for handling

routine environmental management and OSH issues through a dedicated environment and social cell

13. Identify staff that have the propensity to undertake environmental and social assessment, and provide incentives (such as training opportunities/increased visibility/pay raise or a combination) to help them become part of this cell.

3. Conclusion • The works along R6 are being implemented by GoI without any prior preparation of EA

documentation. However, currently its adverse environmental impacts are manageable since large stretches of R6 are devoid of any sensitive environmental receptors.

• The audit identified several areas of improvement ranging from site works, implementation arrangements, and contractual issues.

• These have been addressed in a graduated (with short, medium, and long term) action plan, which if implemented, has the potential to direct efforts of the MOCH in an environmentally sound and sustainable manner.

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CHAPTER 2: FINDINGS OF THE SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS AUDIT

1. Introduction

The Government of Iraq (GOI) had commenced construction work on sections of the Expressway 1 Transport Corridors prior to the Bank’s engagement on the Transport Corridors Project. This construction involves paving and finishing a 3x3 lane highway. Section R6 of Expressway 1 is one such section and road works are now on-going under GOI financing and supervision. Section R6 is a 145km stretch which runs between the interchanges of Nasiriya and Diwaniya.

This Social Safeguards Audit Report was carried out by the Bank and is based on an extensive field visit along the entire R6 section which included meetings and consultations with all potentially affected persons as well as other stakeholders. It identifies how social and environmental risk management was carried out. The audit also seeks to understand the management of these risks vis-a-vis the Bank’s environmental and social safeguards policies and in this context.

In undertaking this Social Audit, the findings of an Environmental and Social Assessment (ESIA), Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) undertaken for Expressway 1 at large have been drawn on extensively. Coverage of section R6 was included in these documents. The documents were all disclosed in August, 2013. It should be noted that the GOI has committed to implement the proposed mitigation measures for Section R6 as detailed in these disclosed documents.

1.1 Summary Description of On-going Civil Works for Section R6

Section R6 of Expressway No. 1 runs 145km from Nasiriya to Diwaniya interchange on the South-Central Corridor between Baghdad and Bassra. It consists of six incomplete lanes which have existed for many years. However, the right alignment of the road running south has remained incomplete, consisting only of the base and sub-base. The left alignment running south includes the bitumen binder and, because of the incomplete condition of the right alignment, has been used for two-way traffic since 2005. The on-going road works on Section R6 are completing the grading and paving of the right alignment so the road can operate as the intended 6 lane dual carriageway. The road works on R6 are entirely financed and managed by the MoCH of the GOI. As of early June, 2013, the left alignment of the road had undergone repair, but the final asphalt surface layer had not been completed. As of end September, 2013, some sections of the right alignment had only the sub-base and base completed with the bitumen binder being partly completed. On some sections of the right alignment, milling of the road is still on-going, particularly in areas closer to the Diwaniya intersection.

1.2 Social Safeguards Provisions

The Iraq Transport Corridors Project is a safeguards Category A which entails the preparation of safeguards instruments as per the World Bank Policy requirements to help manage environmental and social risks that might accrue under the project. These instruments, namely ESIA/ESMP and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) were prepared for Expressway No. 1, and has been publicly disclosed in August, 2013. Work on R6, however, has been on-going for some time under the financing and management of MoCH, GOI. Because R6 is financed by MoCH, it follows national policies and requirements to manage environmental and social risks. However, because of the Bank’s involvement in the rehabilitation of Expressway 1 (of which R6 is a

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portion), both the GOI and the Bank reached agreement that Section R6 will be treated as an “associated facility”. Thus, due diligence on the environmental and social impacts of the associated facility will comply with Bank standards. This safeguards audit of R6 reviewed how social impacts have been managed under this project (including on relocation and compensation related issues) relative to World Bank standards. In cases where there are evident on the ground discrepancies between the Bank requirements with that of national legislation, gap filling measures are proposed.

1.3 GOI Laws and Regulations The Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Iraq Corridor Project (ICP) were prepared by the client, cleared by the Bank, and disclosed locally and in the InfoShop in August, 2013. The newer legislations2 in Iraq dealing with Environment and Social issues are more clearly focused on environment risk management. Legislation issued in Iraq since 2003 has focused primarily on the ratification of international conventions and protocols on issues such as biodiversity and cultural heritage. Subsequent to these ratifications, a new Law, No. 27 of 2009, on the Protection and Improvement of the Environment was been introduced, but the executive decrees remain to be prepared.

For social safeguards related issues, the World Bank’s Policy applicable to this project is the Bank’s Policy on Involuntary Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy (OP 4.12) The objectives of the Bank’s OP 4.12 are to:

• Avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs

• Assist displaced persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least restore them

• Encourage community participation in planning and implementing resettlement

• Provide assistance to affected people regardless of the legality of land tenure. A desk study was carried out to identify and assess the applicable legal and administrative regulations that apply to this project. The assessment considered both Iraqi laws and the policies and procedures of the World Bank.

The relevant national and local law and associated regulations relate to:

The Republic of Iraq’s Acquisition Law No. 12 of 1981 which deals with issues related to lands and the presence of encroachers. Here, a gap exists between GOI laws and regulations and the Bank’s OP 4.12 in that national laws permit, in the interest of project implementation, removal of individuals and entities deemed to be encroaching on State land without mitigation or compensation.

In addition to the gap between GOI laws and regulations and the Bank’s OP 4.12 regarding the non-compensation of people without license (encroachers), national laws also do not require consideration of alternatives to displacement of PAPs located on State land. Given the gap

2Some of these are detailed in the Environmental and Social Safeguards Audit prepared for the Emergency Road Rehabilitation Project prepared in July, 2013. The World Bank.

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between GOI laws and regulations and OP 4.12, the GOI has agreed that the Bank’s OP 4.12 will supersede national laws where there gaps are evident. Thus the full principles of OP 4.12 will apply to all project activities and guide the preparation of this RAP.

The World Bank’s policy requires that a RAP be prepared whenever private property must be acquired, or its use modified, for a project, and the acquisition or modification of privately owned lands results in the loss of income, residence or access to resources, either permanent or temporary and whether the occupation is legal or illegal. Any livelihoods impacts or impacts on private lands (temporary and/or permanent acquisition) will be addressed through this RAP in accordance with the provisions of the World Bank’s Operational Policy (O.P 4.12). The World Bank’s OP 4.12 has precedence in terms of identification of adversely affected PAPs and provision of mitigation and compensation measures.

This project will follow the Bank’s disclosure guideline consistent with its safeguards operational policies to include proper in-country disclosure of documents in a form and manner appropriate to, and accessible to the local population. The intent is to make all relevant documents available to all project stakeholders in their local languages, but especially directly impacted populations.

The Government of Iraq has committed to applying the World Bank Safeguards Policies to the entire transport corridor project. This includes the segments of the transport corridor that are not supported by the World Bank. For this reason, the environmental and social due diligence of these road segments have included the preparation of this environmental and social audit. This environmental and social audit assesses the non-Bank funded road segments compliance with the safeguards policies and identifies gaps in terms of environmental and social management and develops corrective action plans as needed. The Government has agreed to implement the findings of the audit results.

1.4. Organization of this Social Safeguards Audit Report

The main purpose in undertaking the social safeguards audit was to gather information on whether affected people who have already been adversely affected by project activities on R6 have received mitigation/compensation and, if so, whether this is consistent with World Bank standards and policies. The site visit was undertaken for this core purpose. However, in the course of the site visit it was determined that the Baseline Social Census for R6 prepared previously had omissions and errors. Given this, the site visit was used also to update the Baseline Social Census. This Social Audit section of the report contains information relating to (i) the findings of the social audit; and, (ii) the updated Baseline Social Census conducted. Section 2, below, of this Social Audit Report summarizes the core objectives of the Audit work, describes the approach taken in gathering information for the Audit and presents the Action Plan which has been informed by the Audit exercise. Following this, Section 3 of this report presents information on the updated Baseline Social Census. .

2. Social Safeguards Audit Findings

2.1 Objectives of the Social Safeguards Audit

The objectives of the social safeguards audit, as specified in the TOR, are to:

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• Develop clarity on, and summarize succinctly, what the social impacts have been of road works undertaken to date on Section R6;

• Clarify what provisions/mitigation measures have been undertaken, if any, by the GOI, presenting supporting data for the conclusions reached;

• Provide a summary comparison of the GOI’s mitigation measures and the requirements of the Bank’s social safeguards policies; and,

• Prepare a practical remedial action plan, if necessary, to address any adverse social impacts that have occurred on Section R6.

To cover the above objectives, an independent site visit to assess social processes, impacts and outcomes of resettlement and mitigation measures on Section R6 was carried out. The impacts were assessed vis-a-vis the safeguards instruments (i.e., the ESIA, Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) prepared previously for the Expressway 1 pertaining to R6. The methodology applied for the preparation of this report included field site visits3 to each entity situated either on, or immediately adjacent to the R6 ROW which had already been adversely affected by project activities. Information was collected for each of these entities in the form of photographs; and Military Grid Reference System marking (equivalent to GPS); and measurements of the structures were taken and notes on their construction materials recorded.

2.2 Technical Approach

The approach followed in preparing this Social Audit for Section R6 involved the following:

A comprehensive review of existing documentation covering Section R6 including, the ESIA, ESMP and RAP prepared for Expressway 1. These are World Bank required safeguards instruments prepared by the client and disclosed in August, 2013;

An independent site visit along the length of Section R6 by a World Bank social safeguards specialist on September 30, 2013, with the agreement and support of the MoCH team.

Information gathered from discussions with MoCH staff and engineers on Section R6 was also reviewed.

2.3 Audit Schedule

The social safeguards field site visits and on-the-ground observations was undertaken over the course of one full 14 hour day on September 30, 2013. This was supplemented by desk reviews of materials, interviews with counterparts and other relevant stakeholders undertaken prior to the field visit. The field visit and interviews with community members were undertaken with the support of the Bank’s Baghdad office and an extensive security team in a three vehicle convoy. Translation was provided by a member of the security team specifically charged with this task. Another member of the security team provided support with the GPS pinpointing of each entity along Section R6 via the Military Grid Reference System.

3 A Bank social safeguards specialist carried out this review including through a complete field site visit of the full length of the R6 section on September 30, 2013.

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2.4 Audit Implementation Environment

Despite the general security concerns, it should be noted that the field visit proceeded very smoothly. Wherever community members/affected persons were present, they were all very willing to respond to questions and provide information. No reticence, hostility or reluctance to share information was encountered at all. It is thus believed that comprehensive and accurate information was obtained during the site visit, and certainly for the re-do of the Baseline Social Census. More than three quarters of operational sites/entities had owners or workers present at the time of the site visit. In some instances where an entity was closed at the time of the visit, people operating neighbouring concerns provided information on the name of the owner/operator and the operational status of the entity, and frequently provided information on why the owner/operator was not present on that particular day.

2.5 Findings of the R6 Social Safeguards Audit

The findings from the Social Safeguards Audit were as follows:

The road civil works on this section do not require any private land acquisition (temporary or permanent) and entities established on private land will not be relocated.

In total, 11 partially demolished entities were seen along the R6 during the field visit. It seems these structures have been demolished because of the road works. Annex 1 includes information on these structures with military grid references, photos, and approximate size information. The structures are of two types:

• 7 small structures – which were partially demolished and situated immediately on the ROW which had apparently once operated as small shops. They were small in size and constructed of adobe (mud and straw), the typical construction materials used for small shops. The reasons for the partial demolition of these entities could not be ascertained as owners/operators could not be identified/located during the site visit. It is not known who the owners/operators of these entities are/were. However, given the extent of their encroachment – some of the structures were actually touching the bitumen of the road – and that road works had already occurred on those sections, it is reasonable to conclude that they were demolished by the road crews.

• 4 larger structures – which have been partially demolished and which are situated immediately adjacent to the ROW. They were located near each other and were constructed of cement block overlaid with plaster and were well painted. It could not be determined why they were demolished or who they had belonged to. However, the demolition appeared to be very recent given that a large bulldozer was parked next to one of the entities. The owners/operators of these structures could not be identified/located during the site visit.

It was not possible to locate the owners/operators of these demolished entities during the course of the site visit – no other operational structures were in close vicinity and no signs were attached to the structures. From interviews undertaken with all entities along the R6, it is known that the vast majority of owners/operators have their homes in small villages which are typically 20 to 50kms away. Hence, the owners/operators have undoubtedly returned to their villages, which could be any one of the innumerable small villages

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scattered in a 50km radius from the destroyed structure. It is considered unlikely that the owners/operators of these entities can be identified at this point.

2.6 Social Audit Action Plan

Short Term

December 2013: Develop a transparent and accessible Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for Section R6. This GRM should be tailored according to the specific requirements of communities (i.e., developed in a manner to ensure that it is genuinely accessible to the communities adjacent to the R6) its establishment and operation should be announced publicly along the R6. Affected people that have already experience adverse effects of the road construction should be provided with the opportunity to request redress through the GRM provided they are able to provide sufficiently robust evidence to support their cases. The minimum acceptable requirements for supporting evidence should be determined and announced at the time the GRM system is launched. In addition to having recourse to action, should individuals or communities have complaints, the GRM can also be the structure by which communities are informed by the project (its progress, benefits, and related matters).

Medium Term

February 2014: MoCH should, at its earliest convenience, hire at least one social safeguards specialist. It is recommended that this specialist be identified and hired in advance of the effectiveness of the Bank’s Transport Corridors Project so the social safeguards issues on R6 can be immediately dealt with. The social safeguards specialist should be charged with liaising with and guiding road construction companies engaged on R6 construction specifically on social safeguards issues. This specialist should receive specialized training on the Bank’s social safeguards policies and be charged with continual follow-up on the launch and operation of the GRM and compliance with Bank social safeguards requirements on this road stretch.

January 2014: Capacity Building to MoCH officials, staff, and road engineers on the

World Bank policy provisions for social safeguards should be made available and, specifically, on the requirements of O.P. 4.12. More in-depth knowledge of these requirements and their practical application in other country settings will ensure that mitigation measures on R6 are improved and that social safeguards policies are better adhered to as road works on other sections of the Expressway get underway under the TCP.

3. Upgrading of the Baseline Social Census

3.1 Introduction As was mentioned above, the site visit revealed that the original Baseline Social Census conducted for R6 had omissions, including the following:

− The Number of Affected Entities: The original Census reported finding 20 entities (shops, restaurants) along R6, of which 10 (50%) were reported to be abandoned. The site visit undertaken for the Social Audit identified 55 entities are located on the ROW itself or

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sufficiently close to the ROW to be adversely affected by the project. Hence, mitigation/compensation will need to be provided to up to 55 entities (this number includes the 11 partially demolished structures shown in Annex 1). Importantly, the site visit also identified 2 small, religious sites amongst the entities for which mitigation measures must be provided.

− Operational Status and Size of Entities: Several of the entities originally identified as abandoned or closed were found to be operating. These will need to be included as part of the entitlement. In addition, in many cases, there was incorrect reporting on the size of the entities which has now been corrected for.

− Function of Entity: An adjustment in the “category” of several entities needed to occur in

a number of cases. The updated Census now includes accurate information on whether an entity is a shop, a restaurant, an agglomeration of restaurant, shops, travelers’ mosque, etc.

3. 2 Findings from the Site Visit on Socio-Economic Issues

Some important background information on the importance of the road-side entities to local social and economic circumstances was gathered during the site visit and is important in informing thinking on mitigation and compensation measures: R6 Presents Opportunities for Profitable Ventures: This was clear from the field visit that the expansion and rehabilitation of the R6 section is stimulating some significant local Iraqi investments in commercial facilities designed to serve road traffic. A number of very sizeable and well-constructed entities have been established over the past few years. A couple are in the final stages of construction and are set to open in the next few months. These entities include large restaurant complexes with rows of adjacent shops, coffee shops, butchery concerns, fruit stalls, and travellers’ mosques and washroom facilities. They are usually beautified by tended and fenced garden areas and sometimes by fountains. One particularly sizeable investment, under construction for over a year and soon to open, includes a restaurant, mosque, washrooms, butchery, and two-story mini shopping mall, all in process of being contained within an ornate surrounding wall and tiered garden area. Clearly, improvements to the roadway, and the heavy traffic use, are encouraging large-scale investment which is, and will continue to, stimulate local economic development. It is important that road work on R6 do nothing to impede these investments and actively facilitate their operation. R6 is an Important and Growing Source of Employment: The original Baseline Census for R6 did not present information on the numbers of tenants and employees working in the commercial entities along the road. Consequently, this information was gathered during the September 30, 2013 Baseline Census undertaken during the field visit. The importance of the commercial entities along R6 to local employment prospects should not be understated. Very few employment opportunities exist for the residents of Al-Muthana and Al Qadisyah Governorates through which the R6 runs. Indeed, Al-Muthana is one of the poorest Governorates in Iraq. There are very few settlements and communities immediately alongside the R6 which are even of moderate size. Population settlements in the surrounding areas tend to be very small and are sparsely scattered, often being +20kms or more from the road way. The commerce along the R6 is clearly one of the very few employment options people living in the

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area have. Most entities operate 24 hour shifts and, in the case of the larger commercial entities, this leads to employment of larger numbers of workers, in some cases50 or 80 employees. The larger entities provide training and uniforms to these workers. There is frequently more than one owner or tenant of these commercial entities but in all cases the joint owners were brothers or father and son. Employees in all commercial entities are male and almost always members of the owner/tenant’s immediate or extended family. In cases where the entity is big, workers who are not immediate or extended family members are recruited exclusively from the owner’s home community. It should also be noted that essentially no women owners or workers exist in any of these commercial entities. During the field visit, every open commercial entity was asked whether there were women owners/workers in it, but no female owners/workers were reported. In reality, 2 women workers did end up being identified in 2 restaurants – they made bread and received a small salary for this work. However, operators reported that they did not count these women as “employees”. R6 is An Economic Lifeline for the Poor: The R6 also, very evidently, provides vital economic opportunities for the poor living in the surrounding areas. Innumerable very small commercial entities run the length of the road. Some of these entities are rented out to tenants, but the majority are owner-operated by people with few skills; they are mainly small goods shops (water, packaged food) and multitudes of vehicle oil and tire repair shops. Almost all of these workers live in their one or two roomed work areas for 2-3 weeks at a time, travelling back to their families infrequently for a day to deliver money. During the field visit, the vast majority of these workers reported that their families and homes were located +20, 30 or 40 km away from their shops. Most owners and workers in these small entities reported that business was either “alright” or “not very good”. However, they clearly had no economic options other than their business. The application of social safeguards policies to this group of workers is very important; incorrect or inadequate application has the potential to do great harm to these people and the families dependent on them for their livelihoods. Land Ownership is Complex Along R6: The original Baseline Social Census for R6 reported that all land along the road is State-owned and that any necessary relocation and resettlement would be facilitated by this. The field visit, however, determined that land ownership is actually considerably more complicated. Most of the larger commercial entities were reported by the owners to be built on privately owned land. Indeed, the owners reported having “papers” confirming their private ownership. Their ownership often dates from the time of Saddam Hussein who granted ownership to these families. Although it did not appear to be widespread, there were reports indicating that land is bought and sold on an open market. Some people interviewed reported they had purchased small parcels of land in recent years from owners of larger parcels of land. In one case two brothers who were tenants of a small tire repair shop reported having purchased a small plot of land 1km down on the roadside and would, in the coming days, be moving there to construct their own tire repair shop --they reported having ownership papers and having been granted a license for the operation of their new shop. A number of other owners of roadside facilities reported having ownership papers for quite large land areas –one PAP reported owning over 20 durhams, including 150ms of roadside property. The finding that land along R6 is not exclusively State-owned means that additional consideration and care must be given to decisions on

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relocation/resettlement. Entities confirmed as being located on privately owned land will not be relocated to lay-bys. Private ownership of land will largely determine whether relocation is possible or acceptable. It will also drive decisions about where service lay-bys might be established. Important Religious Structures Exist: Two small but important religious sites on the R6 were identified during the field visit. These were not identified in the original Baseline Census. One of these sites comprises a 3m x 3m painted concrete block structure housing the tomb of a road construction worker which is surrounded by very poorly marked graves of women who died in childbirth and young children. The site is well-known as a source of miracles and is tended and frequently visited. It is located immediately adjacent to the ROW and lacks a clear access road. Miraculous events are also associated with the second religious site which comprises a small concrete block structure, but which is about 20 yards off the ROW. Road works for R6 will need to provide for maintenance of these sites and safe access from the Expressway. Road Safety Concerns are Integral to Social Safeguards Issues on R6: The field visit to R6 made it clear just how interrelated social safeguards issues and road safety concerns are in this instance. The R6 is heavily trafficked by many freight trucks and private vehicles, all of which travel at high speed. In the course of the field visit, three major multi-car crashes were observed, each involving fatalities. Travellers wishing to stop at commercial facilities along the route are required to turn at right angles off the R6 and drop some inches off the bitumen paving onto rutted informal dirt paths to reach the facility. Alternatively, they park immediately on the ROW. Freight truck traffic evidently uses excessively worn and retreaded tires and suffers frequent tire blow-outs -- tire repairs are frequently done with the trucks parked on the outer lane and ROW, where other passing trucks subsequently stop to provide assistance and enjoy a social break. Individuals and families with young children walk cross the lanes of the R6 to reach facilities on the other side of the road. Vehicles re-entering the R6 from roadside facilities do so by re-mounting the road which is several inches higher than the dirt road edges, and then turning onto the road at a sharp angle. From many perspectives, and for all parties involved, the R6 is hazardous. Wherever mitigations, resettlement or relocation is necessary on R6, it should be undertaken with serious attention being given simultaneously to safety improvements. Safety measures can be designed and installed such that they improve public safety, foster improved economic viability of commercial concerns, and ensure continued respect for religious and cultural sites.

3.3 Baseline Social Census Action Plan

The recommendations made in this section should be feasible, readily implementable, and not cost-prohibitive in the context of the on-going construction. It is believed that implementation of these recommendations will preserve and improve the economic and social circumstances of affected people along the R6; and significantly enhance the safety of road travellers and community members living and working along the R6. Short Term

December 2013: Adoption of the Baseline Social Census undertaken for R6 on September 30, 2013 as the definitive Census. This Census is accurate and provides a sound and fair

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foundation upon which to base future decisions on any required resettlement and associated mitigations. The September 30, 2013 census would thus serve as the correct “cut off” date to cover entities (including size and nature of construction) as well as to include affected persons who are tenants/employees of shops, religious structures) for R6 social safeguards provisions. Entities constructed on or immediately adjacent to the R6 subsequent to September 30, 2013 would not be considered for mitigation/compensation. The updated Census information on Section R6 should replace the existing Baseline Census data on R6 included in the ESIA/ESMP and RAP as disclosed in August, 2013. The updated documents (ESIA/ESMP and RAP) should then be made publicly available and re-disclosed on the MoCH website and in the Bank’s InfoShop within 6 weeks.

Medium Term

2014- continuous: Provide capacity Building to MoCH officials, staff, and road engineers on the World Bank policy provisions for social safeguards should be made available and, specifically, the requirements of O.P. 4.12. More in-depth knowledge of these requirements and their practical application in other country settings will ensure that mitigation measures on R6 are improved and that social safeguards policies are better adhered to as road works on other sections of the Expressway get underway under the TCP.

April 2014: Expand the functions of the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for Section

R6 so all people who are likely to be adversely affected by future road works are able to easily access its services to obtain information on their rights; learn about proposed mitigation measures; and lodge complaints as necessary

April 2014: Enforce anti-encroachment measures for the R6 ROW: It is recommended that

MoCH move to actively enforce anti-encroachment regulations to prevent new structures being established on the R6 ROW. The Baseline Social Census of September 30, 2013, should be publicly disclosed as the “cutoff date” to help establish who new comers to the site are, and who therefore will not be eligible for mitigation measures. It is recommended that MoCH use the GRM and public consultations to inform communities located close to the R6 those entities constructed on the ROW or immediately adjacent to the ROW after the “cutoff date” will be subject to demolition without compensation/mitigation.

Longer Term

Commencing February 2014 and ongoing thereafter: Plan, design and install dedicated Trucker Service lay-bys. It is recommended that four to six dedicated Trucker Service lay-bys be established on State-owned land at strategic points along the R6 to address impacts related to trucker/other vehicle needs for car repair, mainly due to tire blow outs. In addition, unlicensed tire repair shops on State-owned land and which are encroached on/immediately adjacent to the ROW should be relocated to these service lay-bys. These Trucker Service lay-bys would be provided with basic services (W.C.s, waste collection and disposal, including of tire and oil waste, car and truck parking bays). The agglomerations of small commercial entities in concentrated service centers would very likely improve their economic fortunes by concentrating commercial opportunities. The dedicated trucker lay-bys would also significantly improve safety for all PAPs and road users by providing safe,

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well-designed slip roads for trucks entering and exiting the R6, and by providing facilities and services which would encourage truckers to take breaks more frequently.

Commencing February 2014 and ongoing thereafter: Plan, design and install dedicated Service Lay-bys. A number of small and medium-sized entities operating on the ROW and on State-owned land will need to be relocated for the safety of the operators, employees and travelers. These entities should be relocated to a few dedicated service lay-bys sited at strategic points along the R6. These lay-bys would be provided with basic services (W.C.s, waste collection and disposal, parking) and appropriate signage would be installed to inform road travelers of their location. The agglomeration of these entities in serviced lay-bys would almost certainly improve the economic prospects of these entities.

Commencing 2014 and ongoing thereafter: Ensure safe access to commercial entities with improved economic opportunities: The installation of road barriers and fencing is planned for much of R6. Such installations will block or hinder access to existing commercial concerns situated along the roadway. Two recommendations are made regarding these commercial entities.

o First: for entities operating on privately owned land, it is recommended that plans be

made based on the Baseline Census of September 30, 2013, to: (a) ensure appropriate openings in barriers and fences are left to facilitate access by road travelers; (b) provide safe, appropriately designed, bitumen slip roads off the R6 to these facilities; and, (c) install signage at appropriate distances from the sites alerting travelers that they are up ahead.

o Second, for entities operating on state-owned land, it is recommended that they be given a choice of being relocated to either one of the Trucker lay-bys or to a general service lay-by which would be established on State-owned land in strategic spots. These general service lay-bys – 2 along the R6 route would probably be sufficient – would channel passing traffic to these commercial entities. Relocated affected people would be provided with structures equivalent or improved to those they currently operate and with access to basic services (W.C.s, waste disposal collection, public parking, slip roads) which would significantly improve their conditions and economic opportunities. These service lay-bys would ensure passing traffic has safe and easy access to these entities which would otherwise be cut off by road barriers and fencing. They would also benefit from signage posted on the road advising travelers in advance of the service lay-bys.

Commencing February 2014: Ensure safe access to, and protection of, the two religious

sites from the R6: Because road barriers and fencing are to be installed along the road, it is recommended that breaks in the barriers and fences, and bitumen site entrance and exit slip roads be constructed to ensure easy and safe access to the two religious sites. Because these sites are situated very close to the ROW, the installation of barriers and fencing will further reduce the size of the already limited informal parking area, making it possible for cars and visitors to inadvertently trample the poorly marked grave area. To prevent this happening, it is recommended that a low concrete retaining wall be constructed to demarcate the surrounds of each site. Additionally, road signage should be installed at strategic points on the R6 to advise road users that the sites are coming up an

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Continuous throughout life of project and for one year subsequent to completion of R6: Ensure continued effective operation of the GRM: so project affected people continue to have an accessible, transparent and effective means of obtaining information on the project and lodging complaints.

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ANNEXES

Annex 1: List of persons met during site visit 1. Engineer Mr. Hasan 2. Representatives of Ammann Company (working for Ashur) 3. Representatives of Al-Moutasin Company 4. Worker teams of Contractors along the road

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Annex 2: Comparison of Selected Iraqi Legislation and Policies and World Bank Safeguards Policies Applicable to R6 Iraqi Environmental Laws Regulations no. 2 for the year 2001: Preservation of Water Resources As mentioned in article 8, it is prohibited to discharge or throw any kind or any amount of waste from the location to the common water of any kind or quantity, or whether the discharge was regular, irregular or temporary, for any reason, unless granted permission from the office of protecting and improving Environment or whom it shall authorize. Law no. 27 for the year 2009: Protection and Improvement of Environment The law aims at protecting and improving the environment through elimination and treatment of existing damages or damages likely to be caused. It also aims at preserving public health, natural resources, biodiversity as well as natural and cultural heritage; in coordination with the relevant authorities in a manner that ensures sustainable development through International and Regional cooperation in this regard. Law no. 37 for the year 2008: The Ministry of Environment Because of the importance of protecting and improving Environment and since Ministry of Environment bears the prime responsibility for protecting the environment and the public health to ensure the sustainable development and to achieve international and regional cooperation in this respect. This Law was legislated to define MOE structure, goals and the means of implementing them. The law requires an agency carrying out activities that could affect the environment to prepare an environmental impact assessment. It also establishes Standards. Specifications, Principles, and Controls required to determine the projects and fields that have been submitted to evaluate the studies of environmental impact assessment and prepares lists on the these projects, and put system and procedures for environmental impact assessment.

World Bank Safeguards Policies OP4.01 Environmental Assessment; To help ensure the environmental and social soundness and sustainability of investment projects. To support integration of environmental and social aspects of projects into the decision making process. OP4.09 Natural Habitats; To promote environmentally sustainable development by supporting the protection, conservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and their functions. OP 4.12 The Republic of Iraq’s Acquisition Law No. 12 of 1981 which deals with issues related to lands and the presence of encroachers. Here, a gap exists between GOI laws and regulations and the Bank’s OP 4.12 in that national laws permit, in the interest of project implementation, removal of individuals and entities deemed to be encroaching on State land without mitigation or compensation. In addition to the gap between GOI laws and regulations and the Bank’s OP 4.12 regarding the non-compensation of people without license (encroachers), national laws also do not require consideration of alternatives to displacement of PAPs located on State land. Given the gap between GOI laws and regulations and OP 4.12, the GOI has agreed that the Bank’s OP 4.12 will supersede national laws where there gaps are evident. Thus the full principles of OP 4.12 will apply to all project activities and guide the preparation of this RAP. OP4.36 Forests To realize the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively into sustainable economic development, and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests.

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GAPS identified: Though mentioned under the Law 37 of 2008, an ESIA is not a requirement under Iraqi law/policies due to the absence of supporting executive decrees. The various environmental components are dealt with separately. Law 27 of 2009 does provide an umbrella for public health, natural resources, and biodiversity protection. Water has specific protection measure with prescribed deterrents in case of non-compliance. No higher level assessment – such as regional or strategic/sectoral assessment beyond project level is currently envisaged as part of the legislation.

Law no. 55 for the year 2002: The Law of Antiquities and Heritage This law defines all movable and immovable antiquities, archaeological properties and artefacts in Iraq. It regulates communication channels between the public and the authorities for each type of contact between the public and the revealed and non-revealed archaeological sites. Regulations governing contact with archaeological sites extend also to encompass developmental activities like road construction and rehabilitation wherever these developmental activities lie within archaeological vicinity.

OP4.11 Physical Cultural Resources To assist in preserving physical cultural resources (PCR) and avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR includes archaeological, paleontological, historical, and sacred sites including graveyards, burial sites, and unique natural values. 1. Analyze feasible project alternatives to prevent or minimize or compensate for adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts on PCR, through site selection and design. 2. If possible, avoid financing projects that significantly damage PCR. As appropriate, conduct field based surveys using qualified specialists to evaluate PCR. 3. Consult local people in documenting the presence and significance of PCR, assessing the nature and extent of potential impacts on these resources, and designing and implementing mitigation plans. 4. Provide for the use of “chance find” procedures that include a pre-approved management and conservation approach for materials that may be discovered during project implementation. 5. Define and undertake measures for strengthening institutional capacity to implement mitigation plans and to deal with impacts on PCR identified prior to and/or discovered during project implementation. 6. Disclose draft mitigation plans, in a timely manner, before appraisal formally begins, in an accessible place and in a form and language that are understandable to key stakeholders.

GAPS identified: Bank policy and Iraqi legislation for protection of cultural heritage are similar for identified properties. However, the Iraqi law does not have a requirement of strengthening capacity in agencies carrying out developmental activities, unlike Bank policy. It is not clear whether there is a requirement for disclosure of the mitigation plans to stakeholder before final decisions on project design and implementation are taken

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Annex 3: Other Relevant Site Photographs Set 1: Site over view

Set 2: Water and Drainage

Set 3: Site works, pollution and related items

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Set 4: Occupational Health and Safety

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Annex 4: Baseline Social Census Undertaken During Social Safeguards Audit

SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

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SUMMARY INDEX OF R6 ENTITIES LIKELY TO BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY PROJECT ACTIVITIES

ID #

Governorate Name of Owner Type of Entity Status of Entity

Size Military Grid Reference

1 Al-Qadisyah Not Known Restaurant Operational 40mx15m 38RNA 04455 395 30

2 Al-Qadisyah Not Known Not known Newly constructed

5m x 5m 38RNA 04455 395 33

3 Al-Qadisyah Hassan al-Shatawel Tire Repair & Oil Operational 10m x 10m 38RNA 04455 395 33 4 Al-Qadisyah Waleed Fruit Stall Operational 3m x 3m 38RNA 04435 39335 5 Al-Qadisyah Not Known Not Known Possibly

abandoned 3m x 2m 38RNA 0398138479

6 Al-Qadisyah No owner – community entity

Religious entity Operational 3m x 3m 38RNA0515436569

7 Al-Qadisyah Not known Not known Partially demolished

10m x 5m 38RNA0548735980

8 Al-Qadisyah Not known Not known Not operational 2x 3m x 3m 38RNA0818833032 9 Al-Qadisyah Not known Not known Partially

demolished 5m x 5m; 12m x 8m; 8mx8m

38RNA0818833032

10 Al-Qadisyah No owner – community entity

Religious entity Operational 5m x 4m 38RNA 1528425456

11 Al-Qadisyah Not known Not known Operational 5m x 3m 38RNA1748423224 12 Al-Qadisyah Not provided Restaurant

complex Operational 50m x 100m 38RNA2083221220

13 Al-Qadisyah Amar Hameed & brother

Small goods shop Operational 5m x 9m 38RNA241041762

14 Al-Qadisyah Not known Livestock pens; dwelling

Operational 8m x 4m; 10m x 5m

38RNA2449416652

15 Al-Muthana Salef Adul Hussein Restaurant & shops

Operational 40m x 15m 38RNA2918610336

16 Al-Muthana Salef Abdul Hussein Vehicle & Tire repair

Operational 9m x 4m 38RNA2918610336

17 Al-Muthana Mazin Vehicle Repair Shop

Operational 14m x 4m 38RNA2918610336

18 Al-Muthana Dafur Ottman & brother

Restaurant & shops

Operational 30m x 20m; 3m x 4m

38RNA2981609895

19 Al-Muthana Ousman Salem & brother

Restaurant & shops

Operational 30m x 20m 38RNA2981609895

20 Al-Muthana Not known Car Wash& repair Operational 7m x 3m; 3m x 4m 38RNA3122209186 21 Al-Muthana Not known Car wash & repair Operational 8m x 3m 38RNA3122209186 22 Al-Muthana Not known Shop & tire repair Operational 7m x 3m; 7m x 3m 38RNA3214408285 23 Al-Muthana Haida Ibrahim &

brother Restaurant & shop mall

Under construction

50m x 25m 2 levels

38RNA3245608034

24 Al-Muthana Jaafar Hassuni Mosque & vehicle repair

Operational 11m x 5m; 11m x 5m

38RNA3245608034

25 Al-Muthana Abdul Mullan & Abdul Sahad

Restaurant & shops

Operational 40m x 50m 2 levels

38RNA3245608034

26 Al-Muthana Ali Hassami Supermarket Operational 30m x 20m 38RNA3310507401 27 Al-Muthana Not known Restaurant &

shops Appears abandoned

25m x 10m; 9m x 5m

38RNA3271507794

28 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Possibly abandoned

6m x 10m 38RNA3620600490

32

29 Al-Muthana Sharka Oud & brother

Shop & tire repair Operational 3m x 12m 38RNA3501403780

30 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Appears abandoned

3m x 2m 38RNA3620600490

31 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Appears abandoned

3m x 2m 38RNA3676699586

32 Al-Muthana Na’afa & Nikelan (brothers)

Restaurant Operational 25m x 5m 38RNA3676699586

33 Al-Muthana Ali Fikri Restaurant & oil/tire

Operational 15m x 5m; 3m x 5m

38RNA3697999287

34 Al-Muthana Alkil Said Restaurant & oil/tire

Operational 10m x 10m; 12m x 5m

38RNA3661898222

35 Al-Muthana Amir Daghil Restaurant & oil/tire

Operational 7m x 3m 38RNA3768698450

36 Al-Muthana Son of Amir Daghil Oil & tire repair Operational 10m x 5m 38RNA3768698450 37 Al-Muthana Younis Shimran Restaurant Operational 16m x 5 + 15m ext 38RNA3768698450 38 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Operational 3m x 5m 38RNA3957097916 39 Al-Muthana Ferhat Na’eem Tire repair shop Operational 3m x 8m 38RNA3988396682 40 Al-Muthana Hussein Adab Tire repair shop Operational 8m x 3m 38RNA4384894307 41 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Partly

demolished 5m x 3m 38RNA7417975378

42 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Partly demolished

5m x 3m 38RNA7417975378

43 Al-Muthana Jabel Sherif Water shop Operational 5m x 3m 38RNA8073766919 44 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Abandoned 5m x 3m 38RNA8432762929 45 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Partly

demolished 5m x 5m 38RNA8737661779

46 Al-Muthana Garbil Mangie Small goods shop Operational 5m x 4m 38RNA8614360067 47 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Possibly

abandoned 5m x 4m 38RNA8792557719

48 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Partly demolished

5m x 4m 38RNA+/-8963050660

49 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Partly demolished

5m x 4m 38RNA+/-8963050660

50 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Partly demolished

5m x 4m 38RNA+/-8963050660

51 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Partly demolished

5m x 4m 38RNA+/-8963050660

52 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Partly demolished

5m x 4m 38RNA+/-8963050660

53 Al-Muthana Not known Not known Partly demolished

5m x 4m 38RNA+/-8963050660

54 Al-Muthana Omran Restaurant & shops

Operational 25m x 10m 38RNA9335545940

55 Al-Muthana Not known Restaurant Operational 20m x 10m 38RNA9448744917

33

1.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 04455 395 30 Governorate Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Sultan Restaurant Owner’s Name: Not provided (Gender: na) Notes: Entity closed at time of visit but evidently

operational. Reported by passers-by as being temporarily closed. Just off ROW. Informal road access leading off Expressway at 90 degrees.

Purpose of Entity: Restaurant Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: na (Gender: na) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: na (# female employees: na) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structure: 40mx15m Additional features include: building includes restaurant and separate coffee shop. Separate mosque with washing facilities exist separate from the restaurant building. Elevated water tower. Bomb containment fencing between parking and restaurant. Post and chain fence and small cultivated garden in front of restaurant. Construction Materials: Painted cement block walls and roof . Cement floor. Mosque has tin roof secured by bricks. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION:

34

2.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 04455 395 33 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: na (Gender: na) Notes: In final stages of completion.

On the margins of the ROW No access off Expressway established at this point.

Purpose of Entity: not known Phone Contact: na Operational Status: Not operational Tenant’s Name: na (Gender: na) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: na (# female employees: na) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structure: 40mx15m Additional features include: Wire mesh fence surround. Construction Materials: Cement block walls. Cement floor. Tin roof secured by cement blocks. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION:

35

3. No Photo Available

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 04455 395 33 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: Hassan al-Shatawel (Gender: M) Notes:

Adjacent to ROW Purpose of Entity: Tire Repair and Oil Shop Phone Contact: 07810993497 Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: not applic (Gender: na) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: 0 (# female employees: 0) Licensing Status: not licensed Land Ownership: public land Size of Structure: 10mx10m Additional features include: Attached block of 3 small pit latrines. Small cement block water container. Construction Materials: Painted coment block walls. Cement floor. Tin roof secured. Small verandah paved area in front.

SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION:

36

4.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 04435 39335 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: Waleed (Gender: M) Notes:

Immediately adjacent to ROW Purpose of Entity: Fruit Stall Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: not applic (Gender: na) Age of Entity: 8 years # Employees: 0 (# female employees: 0) Licensing Status: not licensed Land Ownership: public land Size of Structure: 3m x 3m Additional features include: None Construction Materials: Cement block walls. Cement floor. Tin roof secured by blocks. Small verandah area over unpaved ground with tin and metal bar awning.

SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocate to service lay-by

37

5.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 0398138479 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: na (Gender: na) Notes:

Located on ROW. Note: phone number on wall is for a roving tow truck service not associated with this structure.

Purpose of Entity: not known Phone Contact: Operational Status: not operational at time of visit, appears abandoned as not secured with door.

Tenant’s Name: (Gender:)

Age of Entity: not known # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structure: 3m x 2m Additional features include: None Construction Materials: Cement block walls with partial plastering. Tin roof secured by bricks and poles. Small paving area at entrance. No door.

SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION:

38

6.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 0515436569 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: community structure (Gender: na) Notes:

Located immediately off ROW and evidently visited by passing traffic which pulls off on the side of the road. The structure is modest but well-tended and is surrounded by poorly marked graves of a pregnant woman and babies on either side. This site is unassuming but is revered and visitors attribute miracles to it.

Purpose of Entity: Tomb and religious site Phone Contact: none Operational Status: operational Tenant’s Name: (Gender: ) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: 0 (# female employees: 0 ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structure: 3m x 3m Additional features include: None Construction Materials: Green painted cement block walls with plastering. Cement block roof. Metal door. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Safe access to the site for passing traffic should be provided via a slip road. A low wall should be built around the site and graves to delineate the area from the ROW and contain further graves within a specified area away from the ROW.

39

7.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 0548735980 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: not known (Gender: na) Notes:

Located off ROW Not clear what structure was used for – possibly a restaurant Not clear why structure is being demolished – no neighboring structures or business entities in proximity to offer information

Purpose of Entity: not known Phone Contact: none Operational Status: not operational Tenant’s Name: (Gender: ) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: 0 (# female employees: 0 ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structure: 10m x 5m Additional features include: three toilet block attached on one side Construction Materials: White painted cement block walls. Paved floor. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Demolish if owner is not identified

40

8.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 0818833032 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: not known (Gender: na) Notes:

Located well off ROW Not clear what structures are used for Not clear why structure is being demolished – no neighboring structures or business entities in proximity to offer information

Purpose of Entity: not known Phone Contact: none Operational Status: not operational Tenant’s Name: (Gender: ) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: 0 (# female employees: 0 ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structure: 2 structures each 3m x 3m Additional features include: large 10m x 7m concrete paved area extending from one side of the structures. Construction Materials: Cement block walls with some plaster and chimney. Paved floors. No window frames or doors

SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Opening in road barrier should allow for access to this site.

41

9.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 0818833032 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entities: Owner’s Name: not known (Gender: na) Notes:

3 separate structures located immediately off ROW Not clear what structures are used for Not clear why structures are being demolished – no neighboring structures or business entities in proximity to offer information

Purpose of Entities: not known Phone Contact: none Operational Status: not operational Tenant’s Name: (Gender: ) Age of Entities: not known # Employees: 0 (# female employees: 0 ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 5m x 5m; 12m x 8m; and not able to determine

Additional features include: Construction Materials: All 3 were cement block walls with plaster and paint. Paved floors. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Demolish if owner is not identified

42

10. Was not permitted to photograph this religious site

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 1528425456 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: communal site (Gender: na) Notes:

Located well off ROW on top of earth berm Structure also used by policeman for shelter Sticks in the ground adjacent to the structure are considered to have religious powers/significance

Purpose of Entity: religious site Phone Contact: none Operational Status: not operational Tenant’s Name: (Gender: ) Age of Entity: 7 years # Employees: 0 (# female employees: 0 ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structure: 5m x 4m Additional features include: Sticks planted in ground on north side of the structure have religious importance Construction Materials: Adobe brick structure with adobe roof. No windows. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Opening in road barrier should allow for access to this site.

43

11.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 1748423224 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: not known (Gender: na) Notes:

Immediately off edge of ROW Purpose of Entity: not known Phone Contact: none Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: (Gender: ) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: 0 (# female employees: 0 ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structure: 5m x 3m Additional features include: None Construction Materials: Adobe brick structure with adobe, pole and brick roof. No windows. Large red metal entrance door secured with padlock

SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Opening in road barrier necessary to allow for access

44

12

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 2083221220 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Barakat Al-Mustafa Restaurant Owner’s Name: not provided (3 family members) (Gender: M) Notes:

Parking area in front of restaurant and facilities are all off ROW Facilities accessed by informal dirt entrance road at 90 degrees off Expressway Entity operates 24 hours with 50 employees working each shift

Purpose of Entity: Restaurant with shops, & mosque Phone Contact: not provided Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: (Gender: ) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: 100 (# female employees: 0 ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 50m x 100m - main structure; mosque 20m x 20m; butchery 5m x 5m; 2x employees’ huts 3m x 5m

Additional features include: Main restaurant building has restaurant in center and 3 separate shops on either side Separate butchery shop located to left of restaurant Separate mosque building; Washing facilities located adjacent to mosque Large plastic water containers located next to restaurant and butchery; Two separate cement block huts (3m x 5m) to left of restaurant for employees’ use; Tended garden area with post and rope fencing around it Thatch fruit stall is leased to tenant and family who operate it Construction Materials: All structures cement block, plaster and paint with cement roofs and paved floors, except employees’ huts which are painted cement block with cement roof and paved floor. Fruit stall constructed of wooden poles and woven thatch roof and walls.

SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Opening in road barrier necessary to allow for access

45

13.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 241041762 Governorate: Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Unnamed Owner’s Name: Amar Hameed & brother (Gender: M) Notes:

Located on ROW Purpose of Entity: Small goods shop Phone Contact: 07814853510 Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: None (Gender: ) Age of Entity: 7 years # Employees: 0 (# female employees: 0 ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structure: 5m x 9m Additional features include: Veranda overhang constructed of metal poles and tin roof, lined by cement blocks Construction Materials: Main structure is painted adobe with adobe and wood pole roofing. Floor is paved. 2 large glass window/door sets installed.

SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocation necessary as structure located on ROW

46

14.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 2449416652 Governorate Al-Qadisyah Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Unnamed Owner’s Name: not known (Gender: ) Notes:

Shop/dwelling located on ROW Other structures located behind shop/dwelling and just off ROW Nobody present at time of visit

Purpose of Entity: Livestock pens and either shop/dwelling Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: None (Gender: ) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: shop/dwelling 8m x 4m; large livestock pen 10m x 5m; small livestock and feed storage 2m x 6 m; small hut 1.5m x 1.5m

Additional features include: Shop/dwelling has veranda overhang constructed of metal pole and tin roof with paved floor Construction Materials: Shop/dwelling is painted adobe with adobe roof and metal door with padlock. Other structures are adobe with adobe/thatch and wood pole roofs.

SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocation of shop/dwelling necessary as structure located on ROW.

47

15

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 2918610336 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Barakat Hussein Restaurant Owner’s Name: Salef Abdul Hussein (Gender: M) Notes:

Entity is rented out to tenant Parking area in front of restaurant is just off ROW

Purpose of Entity: Restaurant & shops Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Not provided (Gender: M) Age of Entity: 2 years # Employees: 4 managers; 10 day workers and 5 night workers –

all are family or extended family members (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: Licensed Land Ownership: Privately owned Size of Structures: Main structure 40m x 15m; extension at back 20m x 20m

Additional features include: Dirt parking area delineated by wood fence and concrete blocks; planted front garden area; butchery on left side of structure; mosque and washing facilities inside main structure. Well paved walkways from parking to restaurant and shops. Construction Materials: Main structure is concrete blocks with cement plaster, paint and, on front, plastic board covers. Extension at back is cement block with tin and cement block roof. Butchery is cement block with tin roof secured with cement block and glass frontage.

SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Opening in road barriers and construction of slip road from Expressway needed to ensure safe access.

48

16.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 2918610336 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: Salef Abdul Hussein (Gender: M) Notes:

Shop is off ROW Rented to tenant Accessed by dirt track from Expressway

Purpose of Entity: Vehicle and Tire Repair Shop Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Khalid Ibrahim (Gender: M) Age of Entity: 4 years # Employees: tenant plus 1 employee (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: Licensed Land Ownership: Private ownership Size of Structures: 9m x 4m Additional features include: Paved area in front of shop; plastic water tank adjacent to shop. Construction Materials: Cement block with plaster and paint. Paved floor. Adobe and tin roof secured with tires and blocks. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Consider relocation to vehicle and tire repair lay-by

49

17. Photo not available

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 2918610336 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: Mazin (Gender: M) Notes:

Shop is on ROW edge Rented to tenant Accessed by dirt track from Expressway

Purpose of Entity: Vehicle Repair Shop Phone Contact: 07821611285 Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Amer Sahad (Gender: M) Age of Entity: 1 year # Employees: 4 - tenant plus 3 brothers (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 14m x 4m Additional features include: Paved area in front of shop; plastic water tank adjacent to shop. Construction Materials: Cement block with paint and adobe/tin roof, paved floor. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: IMPORTANT NOTE: At time of baseline census, tenant reported he had recently purchased land approx. 1km back up the Expressway (towards Baghdad) from the location of this shop for which he had papers. This land is also on the Left side of the Expressway travelling south. He was planning to move and begin construction of his new repair shop within the next 2 weeks. Thus, this PAP should qualify for mitigation measures despite the fact that construction of his facility began following the date of this baseline census. Consideration should also be given to relocating this new repair shop to a dedicated lay-by if PAP is willing.

50

18.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 2981609895 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Barkhat Al-Hawra Owner’s Name: Dafur Ottman and brother (Gender: M) Notes:

Structure is off ROW but sufficiently close to it that parked cars are likely to encroach on ROW Operates 24 hours Structure is under extensive renovation involving sizeable investment Accessed by driving immediately off Expressway – no entry road

Purpose of Entity: Restaurant & Shop complex Phone Contact: 07821202022 Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: none (Gender: ) Age of Entity: 2 years # Employees: 35 split across day and night (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: licensed Land Ownership: private land Size of Structures: 30m x 20m; 3m x 4m Additional features include: 3 shops, tiled floors throughout, good concrete walkway to structure from dirt parking; tended garden area in front of facility, mosque and washing facilities integrated; separate butchery structure on right side of building Construction Materials: All structures are cement block with cement roofs. Renovation of main structure involves installation of colored plastic tiles and new entrance overhang.

SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Slip road to be provided to ensure safe access and exit. Owner needs to provide delineated parking area well off the ROW which will prevent parking on or immediately adjacent to the ROW

51

19.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 2981609895 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Barkhat Al-Sajad Owner’s Name: Ousman Salem and brother (Gender: M) Notes:

Structure is off ROW and it and parking area is demarcated by high fence. Land held privately by family since time of Saddam Hussain Employees comprise extended relatives and some workers from home community Accessed by driving immediately off Expressway – no entry road

Purpose of Entity: Restaurant & Shop (3) complex Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: none (Gender: ) Age of Entity: +/- 4 years # Employees: 50 split across day and night (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: licensed Land Ownership: private land (with papers) Size of Structures: 30m x 20m; Additional features include: Large well-tiled walkway to entrance; cultivated garden area demarcated by pole and chain fence. Complex separated from ROW by 6 foot high concrete pole and mesh wire fence. Construction Materials: Structure is cement block with cement roof with plastic tile overlay. Extensive window area on front. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Slip road to be provided to ensure safe access and exit. Owner needs to provide delineated parking area well off the ROW which will prevent parking on or immediately adjacent to the ROW

20.

52

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 33029709576 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: not known (Gender: ) Notes:

Structure is off ROW Accessed by driving immediately off Expressway Closed at time of visit

Purpose of Entity: Car wash Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: not known (Gender: ) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: not known (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 7m x 3m; 3m x 4m Additional features include: 2 concrete elevation ramps for vehicles in ground Construction Materials: Cement block with limited paint on one building. Roofs tin and concrete block. Metal doors. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Move entity to dedicated vehicle service lay-by

21.

53

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3122209186 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Al-Munthada Car Wash Owner’s Name: not known (Gender: ) Notes:

Main structure is on immediate edge of ROW Secondary structure just off ROW Accessed by driving immediately off Expressway

Purpose of Entity: Car wash shop Phone Contact: 07809997994 Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: not known (Gender: ) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: not known (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 8m x 3m Additional features include: Main structure has tin roof overhang in front on metal poles. Small adobe structure at right back of shop, possibly residential, with adjacent toilet Construction Materials: Main structure is cement block with green paint and tin roof secured with tires and blocks. Three metal sliding doors. Paved floor. Secondary structure is adobe. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Move entity to dedicated vehicle service lay-by

54

22.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3214408285 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Barkhat al-Sajad Owner’s Name: not known (Gender: ) Notes:

Closed at time of visit Both structures on immediate edge of ROW Accessed by driving immediately off Expressway

Purpose of Entity: Small goods shop& oil/tire repair shop Phone Contact: 07800613641 Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: not known (Gender: ) Age of Entity: not known # Employees: not known (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 7m x 3m; 7m x 3m Additional features include: Piles of cement bricks behind small goods shop Construction Materials: Main structure is cement block with white paint on front. Adobe and tin roof secured with blocks. Paved floor. Metal door and 2 large windows with metal security guards. Secondary structure is painted adobe with adobe and tin roof secured by tires and having 2 metal sliding doors. Paved floor. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Move entity to dedicated vehicle service lay-by/s

55

23.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3245608034 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Qasr al Dur Tourist Restaurant & Mall Owner’s Name: Haida Ibrahim & brother (Gender: M) Notes:

Under final stages of construction during visit – not yet operational Only construction workers present Well off ROW Accessed by driving directly off Expressway

Purpose of Entity: Restaurant & Shopping Mall Phone Contact: Operational Status: Opening 2 weeks from visit Tenant’s Name: no tenant (Gender: ) Age of Entity: new # Employees: not yet hired (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 50m x 25m 2 levels; 15m x 15m; 3m x 5m Additional features include: High quality tiled walkway to entrance; tiled veranda in front; garden area in front under construction demarcated by cement blocks partially covered in tiles and with fanciful tiled corner markers; Main structure surrounded by boundary wall of cement block; adjacent single story building under construction; adjacent butcher’s shop with solid veranda overhang; large dirt parking area in front demarcated by large cement blocks. Construction Materials: Main structure is cement block with extensive plastic tiling on front and tiled floor. Building under construction is cement block and construction workers report it will be plastered and painted. Butchery store is cement block with large sliding glass doors and front awning of concrete block covered with tiles. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Provide slip road for safe access

56

24.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3245608034 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: Jafaar Hassuni(Gender: M) Notes:

Adjacent to ROW Accessed by driving directly off Expressway

Purpose of Entity: Mosque & vehicle and tire repair Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: no tenant (Gender: ) Age of Entity: mosque is 4 years; shop is 1 year # Employees: 1 (brother) (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: not licensed Land Ownership: not owned Size of Structures: 11m x 5m Additional features include: None Construction Materials: Mosque is cement block, plaster and paint inside and out with 4 metal window frames and door. Paved floor. Adobe and wood pole roof. Vehicle and tire repair shop is cement block with plaster and minimal paint and partial paved floor. Three sliding metal doors. Roof is adobe and wood pole. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Provide slip road for mosque to ensure safe access. Relocate vehicle and tire repair shop to dedicated service lay-by.

57

25.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3245608034 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Alwaha Restaurant Owner’s Name: Abdul Mullan & Abdul Sahad (brothers)

(Gender: M) Notes: Well of the ROW Parking off ROW and well-delineated Main structure contains restaurant, mosques, and several shops and coffee shop Building provided for handicapped access and contained security cameras. Accessed by driving directly off Expressway

Purpose of Entity: Restaurant and multiple shops Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: no tenant (Gender: ) Age of Entity: 8 months # Employees: 80 split over 24 hours (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: licensed Land Ownership: Owned – purchased recently Size of Structures: 40m x 50m, 2 levels Additional features include: Adjacent structure of 3 shops is close to completion. Well established garden surrounded by plastic wood fencing and containing 2 large water features with adornments (dolphins; grotto). Extensive paved and tiled walkways infront of and between structures. Parking is delineated by round concrete posts and substantial concrete blocks. Construction Materials: High quality construction of cement and glass with plastic tiling on building. Equipped with installed air conditioning units. Extensive signage on building. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Provide slip road for safe access

58

26.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3310507401 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Shatt Al-Arab Market Owner’s Name: Ali Hassami

(Gender: M) Notes: Well of the ROW Parking area well off ROW but vehicles can choose to park immediately off/on the ROW because of way parking area is designed Main structure contains restaurant, mosques, and 3 shops Accessed by driving directly off Expressway

Purpose of Entity: Market Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Kadem Daoud (Gender: M ) Age of Entity: 1 year # Employees: 40 split over 24 hours (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: licensed Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 30m x 20m Additional features include: Established tended gardens with plastic wood surround; good concrete paved walkway to entrance; 3 shops; separate dirt parking area delineated by large concrete blocks. Construction Materials: Concrete block buildings, main structure has red, orange and white plastic tiles on front SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Provide slip road for safe access

59

27.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3271507794 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name:

(Gender: ) Notes: Well off ROW Accessed directly off Expressway Facility was completely empty and the shops lacked doors.

Purpose of Entity: Restaurant & 3 connected shops Phone Contact: Operational Status: Appears to be Abandoned Tenant’s Name: (Gender: ) Age of Entity: unknown # Employees: (# female employees:) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: main structure 25m x 10m; connected shops 9m x 5m; walled compound at right back of building 20m x 10m; 2 x rooms in compound 3m x 4m each

Additional features include: large walled compound at right back of building with 2 small rooms attached inside Construction Materials: Painted concrete block buildings, tin fixed roofs, extensive blue glass windows. Wall around compound is concrete block with plaster. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Check license and land ownership information to determine action.

60

28.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3620600490 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: not known

(Gender: ) Notes: Off ROW Accessed directly off Expressway Facility appeared disused although padlocks secured metal doors.

Purpose of Entity: Tire Repair? Phone Contact: Operational Status: Possibly Abandoned Tenant’s Name: (Gender: ) Age of Entity: unknown # Employees: (# female employees:) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 2 3m x 5 m Additional features include: none Construction Materials: Painted concrete block, metal doors, tin roof secured with blocks SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Confirm if abandoned

61

29.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3501403780 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: Sharka Oud (+brother)

(Gender: M) Notes: Adjacent to ROW Accessed by driving directly off Expressway Lives 20km away in village

Purpose of Entity: Tire Repair and small goods shop Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: 1 year # Employees: (# female employees:0) Licensing Status: licensed Land Ownership: privately owned Size of Structures: 3m x 12m Additional features include: Construction Materials: White washed adobe structure; wood and tin roof secured with blocks SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Provide slip road for safe access

62

30.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3620600490 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name:

(Gender: ) Notes: No doors On ROW Appears to be abandoned

Purpose of Entity: not known Phone Contact: Operational Status: Appears abandoned Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: not known # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 3m x 2m Additional features include: none Construction Materials: White washed adobe structure; wood and tin roof secured with logs SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Demolish if owner is not identified

63

31.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3676699586 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Owner’s Name:

(Gender: ) Notes: No door On edge of ROW Appears to be abandoned

Purpose of Entity: not known Phone Contact: Operational Status: Appears abandoned Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: not known # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 3m x 2m Additional features include: none

Construction Materials: Adobe with log and mud and straw roof. No door. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Demolish if owner is not identified

32.

64

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3676699586 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Al-Jazeera Restaurant Owner’s Name: Na’afa & Nikelan (brothers)

(Gender: M ) Notes: Off ROW Purpose of Entity: Restaurant Phone Contact:

Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: 6 years # Employees: 9 (# female employees: 1) Licensing Status: licensed Land Ownership: Privately owned with papers Size of Structures: 25m x 5m Additional features include: Attached structure for accommodations for employees; tended garden demarcated by concrete blocks with water tank Construction Materials: Painted block and plaster with number of large glass windows. Concrete paving on veranda and inside. Tin attached roof spanning veranda. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Provide slip road and signage to restaurant parking area

65

33.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA 3697999287 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Owner’s Name: Ali Fikri

(Gender: M ) Notes: Off ROW Owner travels 25km daily to entity from community.

Purpose of Entity: Restaurant and oil/tire repair shop Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: # Employees: 3 son + 2 cousins (# female employees: 0) Licensing Status: licensed Land Ownership: Privately owned with papers since 1983 Size of Structures: 15m x 5m; 3m x 5m; 12m x 6m Additional features include: One restaurant building with glass front; one tire repair shop with 3 stalls and open front; one oil and tire repair with 3 stalls with metal doors, fixed compressor. Construction Materials: All buildings concrete block. Restaurant has metal fixed roof with verandah. Other buildings have tin roofs fixed with tires. All have paved floors. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Provide slip road and signage to restaurant parking area

66

34.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA3661898222 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Zain el Abaudin Restaurant Owner’s Name: Alkil Said

(Gender: M ) Notes: Close to edge of ROW.

Purpose of Entity: Restaurant and oil/tire repair shop Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: # Employees: 3 family members (# female employees: 0) Licensing Status: licensed Land Ownership: Not owned Size of Structures: Restaurant 10m x 10m; house 12m x 5m; other structure 5m x 5m

Additional features include: Small shop attached to Restaurant; outdoor shisha café; mosque and small accommodations attached. 2 toilet block. Construction Materials: All structures are adobe brick with adobe and log roof. Front of restaurant painted with tin verandah, adobe floor. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocation to service lay-by.

67

35.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA3768698450 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Al Hussam Tire Repair & Oil Owner’s Name: Amir Daghil

(Gender: M ) Notes: On ROW Travels 70kms one day a week to visit home and family Purpose of Entity: Restaurant and oil/tire repair shop Phone Contact:

Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: # Employees: 0 (# female employees: 0) Licensing Status: not licensed Land Ownership: Not owned Size of Structures: 7m x 3m over 2 rooms Additional features include: Fixed compressor

Construction Materials: Cement block, wood and adobe roof with tin front over verandah. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocation to service lay-by.

68

36.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA3768698450 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Al Hussam Tire Repair & Oil Owner’s Name: Son of Amir Daghil

(Gender: M ) Notes: On ROW Travels 70kms one day a week to visit home and family Purpose of Entity: Restaurant and oil/tire repair shop Phone Contact:

Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: # Employees: 0 (# female employees: 0) Licensing Status: not licensed Land Ownership: Not owned Size of Structures: 10m x 5m over 3 rooms Additional features include:

Construction Materials: Cement block, wood and adobe roof SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocation to service lay-by.

69

37.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNA3768698450 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Abu Yeya Restaurant Owner’s Name: Younis Shimran

(Gender: M ) Notes: On ROW Travels 20kms for one day every 10 days to visit home and family Purpose of Entity: Restaurant and oil/tire repair shop Phone Contact:

Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: 6 years # Employees: 7 (# female employees: 1) Licensing Status: not licensed Land Ownership: Not owned Size of Structures: 16m x 5m with 15m extension attached behind

Additional features include: block of two toilets; 2 raised and fixed plastic water tanks

Construction Materials: Painted adobe with front section having large glass windows. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocation to service lay-by.

70

38.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV3957097916 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name:

(Gender: ) Notes: On ROW Purpose of Entity: Shop? Phone Contact: 07806620499

Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: not known # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: Not known Size of Structures: 3m x 5m Additional features include: none

Construction Materials: concrete block with red metal door and metal window frame with class. Concrete paving in front. Tin roof with small verandah overhang SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocation to service lay-by

71

39.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV3988396682 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name Ferhat Na’eem

(Gender: M ) Notes: On ROW Owner travels 20km to home for 1 day each week.

Purpose of Entity: Tire Repair Shop Phone Contact: Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: 3 years # Employees: 1 (brother) (# female employees: 0) Licensing Status: no license Land Ownership: Not owned Size of Structures: 3m x 8m plus verandah area Additional features include: fixed compressor, small tree garden being established. Large verandah overhand with paved floor. Construction Materials: Adobe with 2 rooms constructed of wood veneer slabs. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocation to service lay-by

72

40.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV4384894307 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Al-Barakha Owner’s Name Hussein Adab

(Gender: M ) Notes: Immediately next to ROW Owner travels 30kms to home every 2 days to switch with brother

Purpose of Entity: Tire Repair Shop Phone Contact: 07813256446 Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: 2.5years # Employees: 2 (cousins) (# female employees: 0) Licensing Status: no license Land Ownership: Not owned Size of Structures: 8m x 3m Additional features include: fixed compressor, adjacent toilet block of adobe; small verandah overhand with paved floor

Construction Materials: Painted adobe; paved floor; roof of wood poles and straw and wood veneer plank roof SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocation to service lay-by

73

41.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV7417975378 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Owner’s Name

(Gender:) Notes: Immediately next to ROW Building partly demolished with roof and door removed

Purpose of Entity: Phone Contact: Operational Status: Abandoned Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: Land Ownership: Size of Structures: 5m x 3m Additional features include: none

Construction Materials: Cement block SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Demolish if owner not identified

42.

74

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV7417975378 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Right Name of Entity: Owner’s Name

(Gender:) Notes: Partly demolished building – roof and front door removed

Purpose of Entity: Phone Contact: Operational Status: Abandoned Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: Land Ownership: Size of Structures: 5m x 3m Additional features include: none

Construction Materials: Cement block painted white SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Demolish if owner not identified

75

43.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV8073766919 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name Jabel Sherif

(Gender:) Notes: On ROW Owner walks 3kms each day to reach shop Purpose of Entity: Water shop Phone Contact:

Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: New # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: Land Ownership: Size of Structures: 5m x 3m Additional features include: none Construction Materials: Adobe house, roof and floor SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocate to service lay-by

76

44.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV8432762929 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name

(Gender:) Notes: On ROW Purpose of Entity: Tire repair shop Phone Contact:

Operational Status: Abandoned Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: Land Ownership: Size of Structures: 5m x 3m Additional features include: none Construction Materials: Adobe house, adobe and veneer wood plank roof SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Demolish if owner not identified

77

45.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV8737661779 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name

(Gender:) Notes: On ROW Partly demolished – door and roof removed

Purpose of Entity: Phone Contact: Operational Status: Abandoned Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: Land Ownership: Size of Structures: 5m x 5m Additional features include: Construction Materials: Adobe SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Demolish if owner not identified

78

46.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV8614360067 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name Garbil Mangie

(Gender: M) Notes: Immediately adjacent to ROW Purpose of Entity: Small goods shop Phone Contact:

Operational Status: Operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: brand new 1 week old # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: not licensed Land Ownership: not owned Size of Structures: 5m x 4m Additional features include: none

Construction Materials: Adobe walls, roof and floor SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Relocate to service lay-by

79

47.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV8792557719 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name

(Gender: ) Notes: On ROW Possibly abandoned – empty inside

Purpose of Entity: Phone Contact: Operational Status: possibly abandoned Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: not known # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 5m x 4m Additional features include: none Construction Materials: Adobe walls, log and adobe roof; blue barred window with no glass; metal door sloping on hinges and chained closed SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Demolish if owner not located

80

48-53

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV8963050660 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Owner’s Name

(Gender: ) Notes: On ROW, touching bitumen edge of road Partly demolished NOTE: THIS PHOTO IS REPRESENTATIVE OF 5 ADOBE STRUCTURES LOCATED CLOSE TO EACH OTHER ALONG LEFT SIDE OF THE ROAD PLUS 2 ON RIGHT SIDE. EACH WAS PARTLY DEMOLISHED WITH ROOF AND DOOR REMOVED.

Purpose of Entity: Phone Contact: Operational Status: partly demolished Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: not known # Employees: (# female employees: ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures: 5m x 4m Additional features include: none

Construction Materials: Adobe block walls SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Demolish if owners not located

81

54.

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV9335545940 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Al Sadir Restaurant Owner’s Name Omran

(Gender: M) Notes: Well off ROW Accessed by sharp drop off R6 down dirt road Restaurant works 24 horus

Purpose of Entity: Phone Contact: Operational Status: Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: less than 1 year # Employees: 30 (# female employees: 0 ) Licensing Status: licensed Land Ownership: owned, purchased from other owner Size of Structures:2 5m x 10m Additional features include: Wire fence along ROW limit. Adjacent pilgrims’ rest house of painted green and white; also supermarket and 3 shops.; mosque and washroom, Separate concrete toilet block. Stone and marble walkway to restaurant; tree garden Construction Materials: Cement block with plaster and red and gold plastic slabs. Many windows. SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Provide slip road and signage for restaurant

82

55. No Photograph – large orange fronted restaurant

Military Grid Reference System mark: 38RNV9448744917 Al-Muthana Governorate Side of Expressway Travelling South to Bassra: Left Name of Entity: Restaurant Owner’s Name

(Gender: M) Notes: Well off ROW Accessed by sharp drop off R6 down dirt road

Purpose of Entity: restaurant Phone Contact: Operational Status: operational Tenant’s Name: Age of Entity: not known # Employees: 30 (# female employees: 0 ) Licensing Status: not known Land Ownership: not known Size of Structures:20m x 10m Additional features include: Construction Materials: Cement block with plaster and red and orange plastic fronting slabs SUGGESTED SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ACTION: Provide slip road and signage