Environmental Assessment Report for The Andhra Pradesh ......Kaundinya Wildlife Sanctuary, covering an area of 358 sq km Sri Venkateshwara Wildlife Sanctuary, covering an area of 506

Environmental Assessment Report for

The Andhra Pradesh District Poverty Initiatives Project

E-322VOL.1

Environment Protection Training and Research InstituteHyderabad

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PREFACE

The Finance and Planning department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, entrusted EPTRI,

Hyderabad with the task of preparing "Environmental Assessment Report". The proposed

environmental management frame addresses

a) Develop environmental screening criteria for the subprojects to be taken up in the six

districts of A.P under AP-DPIP project according to their expected environmental impacts

b) Establish administrative structure for environmental Management

c) Develop a Capacity and Awareness building program

d) Establish Environmental Supervision and Monitoring plan.

A comprehensive study was done to develop a "Screening Checklist", which would screen

the subprojects into different categories depending upon the expected impacts due to the

proposed activities and the level of environmental studies required to come up with suitable

mitigative measures.

EPTRI gratefully acknowledges the help rendered by the State Government departments

(District Collectorates, Panchayat Raj, R&B, Fisheries, Ground water and Forest etc) during

the collection of data for the above project.

EPTRI is also grateful to Mr. Paul J. Martin, Environmental Specialist, the World Bank, for

his active and continuous support during the study.

COMMISSIONER

t1

PROJECT TEAM

PROJECT PLANNING: M. G Gopal

G. Suryanarayana

PROJECT TEAM: G. Anil Kumar

Project Leader

Dr. Aparna

Dr. Uma Ramachandran

I

ContentsCHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION..

1.1 STUDY AREA ........................................................... 11.2 DISTRICT PROFILES ........................................................... 11.2.1 ADILABAD .......................................................... 21.2.2 ANANTAPUR ........................................................... 31.2.3 CHITTOOR ........................................................... 31.2.4 MAHABOOBNAGAR ........................................................... 41.2.5 SRIKAKULAM ........................................................... 51.2.6 VIZAINAGARAM ........................................................... 61.3 SUBPROJECT TYPE ........................................................... 61.4 SCOPE OF WORK ........................................................... 7TASKI ............................................................................................................................... 7TA SKII ............................................................................................................................... 8TA SKII ......... 8TASKIV ...............................................................................................................................8

CHAPTER 2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 9

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ........................................................... 92.2 CRITERIA FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING ....................................... 102.3 SCREENING PROCEDURE .......................................................... 102.3.1 FIRST STEP: Location of the project .......................................................... 102.3.2 SECOND STEP: Classification of sub projects .......................................... ........ 102.3.3 STEP THREE: Environmental Assessment ......................................................... 112.4 RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................... 112.4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW .......................................................... 122.4.2 LIMITED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ................................................... 122.4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTASSESSMENT .................................................... 12

CHAPTER 3 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING CHECKLISTS 14

3.1 LOCATION SENSITIVE CHECKLIST ................................. 143.1.1 HIGHLYSENSITIVEAREAS (A ORD) ................................. 143.1.2 MODERATELYSENSITIVEAREAS (B OR E) ................................. 143.1.3 LESS SENSITIVE AREAS (C) ................................. 143.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF AREAS.. 14

TABLE:1 LOCATION SENSITIVENESS OF THE AREA ............................. 173.3 GENERIC CHECK LIST ......................................................... 183.3.1 REPAIRS AND UPGRADA TION OF EXISTING FACILITIES .......................... 183.3.2 NEWSUBPROJECTS ......................................................... 193.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW (ER) .................................... ..................... 193.3.4 LIMITED ENAVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LEA) ......................................... 193.3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPA CT ASSESSMENT (EIA) ........................................... 203.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES FOR SCREENING AND

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBPROJECTS ............................. 201 RURAL ROADS .............................. 202 BRIDGES ............................. 213 COMMUNITYYHALLS ..................................... 21...................................... . 21

n,r l xi Assessment of Environmental Crtena

4 SCHOOLS / TRAINING CENTERS / OTHER EDUCATIONAL CENTERS ...... 225 HEALTH CENTER S/ CLINICS ...................................................... 226 MARKETS ...................................................... 227 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ...................................................... 238. SANITATION FACILITIES ................................................................................. 259 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL .................. 2510 FLOOD!EROSIONPROTECTIONBARRIERS .................................. 2611 MINOR IRRIGA TION .................................. 2612 CROPS .................................. 2813 HORTICULTURE .................................. 2914 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY .................................. 3015 SERICULTURE .................................. 3116 ENERGY .................................. 3117 RESTOCKING OF COMMUNAL PONDS . .3118 PASTURE DEVELOPMENT! SOCIAL FORESTRY . .31

TABLE: 2 GENERIC CHECKLIST .323.5 CONCLUSIONS .................... 34

CHAPTER 4 - ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE AND DATA MANAGEMENTSYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT IN AP-DPIP 35

4.1 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS PROPOSED FOR THE PROJECT .... 354.2 DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ................................................................ 384.2.1 COST .............................................................. 40

TABLE 3 ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ................. 41

CHAPTER 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY BUILDING STRATEGY FORAPDPIP 45

COURSE I: ENVIRONMENTAL A WARENESS RAISING FOR DPIP BENEFICIARIES ..... 45COURSE II: BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND MITIGATIONFORCOMMUNITYFACILITATORS ................................................................ 46COURSE III: ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND AIITIGATIONFOR DPMUANDSPMU STAFF ................................................................ 48COURSE IV: LIMITED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTFOR ENVIRONMENTALCONSULTANTS ................................................................ 49TABLE: 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAMME COSTS ............. 50

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, SUPERVISION & AUDITING..51

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ................................... ............................. 516.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION ................................................................. 516.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING ......................... ........................................ 526.3.1 At sub project level ................................................................ 526.3.2 Environmental out come of DPIP ................................................................ 53TABLE 6 SUGGESTED PARAMETERS FOR AUDITING OF ENVIRONMENTAL OUT COME OF DPIP.. 53

ANNEXUREI ..............................................................1- 36ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW GUIDELINES

ANNEXURE II ................................................................. 1-47LIMITED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES

Page 2

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Poverty is both the cause and consequence of many social evils. Developmental projects

are primarily meant for the poor aiming at achieving their poverty alleviation and thus an

egalitarian society. But often, in a hurry to achieve faster development, they ignore the

environmental aspects and thus endanger the environment. The environmental

degradation in turn aggravates the health risks of the poor thus throwing them into a

vicious circle of disease and squalor. Therefore, for the development projects to be more

effective in delivering the set goals and objectives of meeting the needs of the poor, it is

pertinent to address the environmental issues right in the beginning. To make

development sustainable, one needs to consider environmental aspects along with that of

development. As the definition of Sustainable Development suggests, we need that

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising on the

ability of the future generation to meet their own needs.

The Andhra Pradesh District Poverty Initiatives Project (AP-DPIP) exactly aims at

judicious development that is sustainable both economically and environmentally. It aims

at poverty alleviation in six districts of Andhra Pradesh. The developmental projects to be

taken up under AP-DPIP need to consider the environmental aspects as well in order to

prevent environmental hazards and make development sustainable.

1.1 STUDY AREA

The districts selected under AP-DPIP based on different criteria eligible for funding are

Adilabad, Ananthapur, Chittoor, Mahaboobnagar, Srikakulam and Vizianagaram.

1.2 DISTRICT PROFILES

The profile of the districts selected for the implementation of the AP-DPIP needs to be

considered while formulating the environmental criteria to be integrated into the

development projects at the design stage. The six districts taken up for the Project belong

to Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Rayalaseema regions. The districts are chosen

EPTRI Environmental Assessment Report

for the project based on their developmental needs. The district profiles are discussed

below in detail:

1.2.1 ADILABAD

Adilabad has a land area of 16000 sq. km, comprising a total population of 20.82 lakhs

and 1559 villages. The forest is of the Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous type and quite

dense in nature constituting about 44.8% of the land area. Therefore the area under forest

is much more compared to that of the other districts. The district experiences a maximum

and minimum temperature of 40 and 140C respectively and belongs to the Telangana

region. The rainfall is found to be 744mm during the South-West monsoon, 123mm

during North-east monsoon, 19mm during winter and 64mm during hot weather period.

The depth of ground water generally ranges from 6 to 60 m depending on the area. The

estimated groundwater resources of the district are 1355.20 million cubic meters (MCM)

of which the utilisable ground water resource is only 1151.94 (MCM) and net ground

water draft is 152.09 MCM leaving the balance of 999.85 MCM. The table 1.1 gives the

mandals, which fall under Grey and dark areas.

Tablel .1 Ground water potential

Grey mandal Dark mandal

1. Nirmal

Grey areas: Ground water exploitation between 65% to 85%

Dark area: Ground water exploitation more than 85%

(Source AP Ground water Department)

This district has also few sanctuaries and parks, which are listed below

1. Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary, covering 893 sq km

2. Sivaram (Marsh Crocodiles) Wildlife Sanctuary, covering 37 sq km (partly

constituted by Karimnagar district), and

3. Pranahita Wild Life Sanctuary, covering 136 sq km

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1.2.2 ANANTAPUR

This district comes under Rayalaseema region. The total land area is about 19000 sq. km

with a population of 31.84 lakhs. There are a total of 1289 villages in the district. The

forest cover is quite low with only patches of vegetation belonging to Southern Tropical

Dry Deciduous type, constituting 10.3% of the total land area. The maximum and

minimum temperatures are 41.2 and 17.8210C respectively. Total annual rainfall records

of the district show about 653mm in the South-west monsoon, 378mm in the North-east

monsoon, 10mm in winter and 59mm during dry period. The ground water depth of the

district ranges from 7 to 35 m. The estimated utilisable ground water resource is 980.43

(MCM) and net ground water draft is 172.09 MCM leaving the balance of 808.41 MCM.

The table 1.2 gives the mandals, which fall under grey and dark areas.



1. Narpal 1. Rolla

2. Putlur 2. Parigi

3. Yellanur 3. Yadiki

4. Tadinarri

5. Rayadurg




This district has no wildlife sanctuaries or parks.

1.2.3 CHITTOOR

The total land area of the district is about 15000 sq km, comprising a total population of

32.6 lakhs. The number of villages of the district is 1352. The district has vegetation

belonging to that of the Southern Tropical Thorn forest type. Red Sanders are also

present. The area under forest constitutes about 29.9% of the total land area. The district

falls under Rayalaseema region and hence the temperature and rainfall conditions match

that of Anantapur district. The ground water depth ranges between 5 and 50m.

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The estimated groundwater resources of the district is 1581.4 million cubic meters

(MCM) of which the utilisable ground water resource is only 1344.18 (MCM) and net

ground water draft is 453.51 MCM leaving the balance of 890.67 MCM. The table 1.3

gives the mandals that fall under grey and dark areas.

Tablel.3 Ground water potential


Pichatur Tirupathi ( R)

Santhipuram Chandragiri

Vijayapuram Somala

Kommapalle


Dark area: Ground water exploitation more than 85% '


Unlike the other districts, a number of wildlife sanctuaries and parks are present in

Chittoor. Details are as follows

Kaundinya Wildlife Sanctuary, covering an area of 358 sq km

Sri Venkateshwara Wildlife Sanctuary, covering an area of 506 sq km (partly also

constituted by Cuddapah district

Sri Venkateshwara National Park, Tirupati, covering 300 sq km

Deer Park in the Chittoor R.F, and,

Sri Venkateshwara Zoological Park, Tirupati

1.2.4 MAHABOOBNAGAR

The district also belongs to the Telangana region. The total land area is about 18004 sq.

km. The total population is about 30.77 lakhs, comprising 1470 villages. The forest cover

of this district is less, constituting scattered patches of Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous

and Sal. The total forest cover constitutes about 16.5% in relation to the total land area.

The maximum and minimum temperatures of the district are 41.5 and 16.40C

respectively. The rainfall conditions are similar to those of Adilabad district. The ground

water depth ranges between 6 and 75 m. The estimated ground water resources of the

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district are 1,450.20 Million cubic meter (MCM) of which the utilisable groundwater

resource is only 1,232.65 MCM and net groundwater draft is 410.42MCM leaving the

balance of 822.23 MCM. Table 1.4 gives the list of dark and Grey mandals in the district



1. Koilkond 1. Midjal

2. Kothur

3. Veldonda

4. Kalwakurthy




The Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, covering an area of 3568 sq km is partly

constituted by Mahabubnagar, among the other two districts namely Guntur and Kumool.

Pillala-Marri, a Deer Park belongs to this district.

1.2.5 SRIKAKULAM

Srikakulam covers a land area of 5008 sq.km, with a total population of 23.21 lakhs. The

number of villages present here is 1921. The forest types found in this district are Dry

Evergreen and Sal forests. The actual area under forest denotes about 11.9% in

comparison to the land area. The maximum and minimum temperatures are 33 and 21°C

respectively. Being a part of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, the annual rainfall received by

Srikakulam is 766mm and 408mm during the South-west (June-Sep) and North-east

monsoons (Oct-Dec) respectively. Record of rainfall during winter (Jan-Feb) is 22mm

and during dry periods (March-May) is 94mm. The depth of the ground water ranges

from 4 to 20 m. The estimated groundwater resources of the district are 2053.0 (MCM)

of which the utilisable ground water resource is only 1745.5 (MCM) and net ground

water draft is 101.7 MCM leaving the balance of 1643.8 MCM. There are no dark or

Grey areas in the district. (Source AP Ground water Department).

Page 5


There are no wildlife sanctuaries or parks located in the district.

1.2.6 VIZAINAGARAMThe district covers a land area of 6005 sq km, with a total living population of 21.11

lakhs. The number of villages is 1461. The forest of this district is Southern Tropical

Moist Deciduous type. It also has patches of Semi-Evergreen forests along the borders.

The forest area denotes about 18.3% of the total land area. This also falling under the

coastal zone, has similar temperature and rainfall conditions as that of Srikakulam. The

ground water depth ranges from 4 to 30 m. The estimated groundwater resources of the

district is 1899.38 million cubic meters (MCM) of which the utilisable ground water

resource is 949.69 (MCM) and net ground water draft is 124.83 MCM leaving a balance

of 824.86 MCM. There are no dark or Grey areas in the district. (Source AP Ground

water Department).

The district has no wildlife sanctuaries or parks.

1.3 SUBPROJECT TYPEThe Type of activities to be financed under the community investment funds according to

"The Andhra Pradesh District Poverty Initiatives project (DPIP II) Mission, Aide Memoir

(November 23 to December 11,1998)", are

A. Social welfare Related activities: Health, education and child care

B. Income generating activities

1. Integrated land and water Management: Water shed development or stand-alone

Water harvesting structures, soil conservation measures and minor irrigation

facilities, Crops, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry and Sericulture based farming

system.

2. Promotion of self-employment opportunities

C. Small-scale Rural Infrastructure

1. Drinking water supply

2. Human waste disposal

3. Environmental sanitation

Page 6


4. Improvement in Farm to market and other low cost road connections and cross

structures

5. Multipurpose community halls

6. Addition to and /or rehabilitation of local schools or health centers.

The total sub-Project cost will not exceed $ 100,000.

1.4 SCOPE OF WORK

The Finance and Planning department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, appointed

EPTRI, Hyderabad as consultants to prepare environmental screening criteria for the

subprojects to be taken up in the six districts of A.P under AP-DPIP project according to

their expected environmental impacts.

TASK IIn order to arrive at possible impacts due to the proposed subproject activities, an

Assessment of Environmental Criteria (AEC) should be conducted with the following

scope

The Sub-Projects listed under the community investment funds according to the Andhra

Pradesh District Poverty Initiatives project (DPIP II) Mission, Aide Memoire (November

23 to December 11,1998), are considered.

A Generic Screening List will be used to group the sub-projects in the districts into

appropriate levels for Enviromnent Assessment as follows:

Environmentally Beneficial, requiring environmental review (ER)

Environmentally benign, requiring environmental review (ER)

Require Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA)

Require detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Environmental Review checklist with standard mitigation measures specific to the sub

project category falling under level 1 and 2 (as above) will be prepared.

Generic TOR for Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA) will be prepared for

category 3 sub -project.

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TASK 11

1) Based on the draft AEC, a workshop will be conducted involving the concerned

departments of the Government of Andhra Pradesh, the Government of India, and the

World Bank to prepare three draft documents covering,

i) The administrative structure for environmental management of the AP-DPIP

ii) The capacity building and awareness raising program necessary to implement the

administrative framework effectively, and

iii) The supervision and monitoring plan required to verify the effectiveness of the

environmental framework

2) EPTRI will organise a two-day workshop.

TASK III

1) The draft documents prepared from the outcome of the workshop will be distributed

in the consultative meeting that will be held in each of the study districts to elicit

various stake holders views.

a) The distribution of the draft documents and organisation of the consultative

meetings in the study districts should be undertaken solely by the project

proponent. EPTRI will only take part in the meetings and undertake the

documentation of concerns raised during the consultations

b) The project proponent should ensure the organisation of the consultative meetings

within the timeframe fixed by the World Bank

TASK IV

1) Based on the results of the district consultations, the draft documents will be revised

and inicorporated into a final Environment assessment report.

2) The final E. A. report will be submitted to the proponent.

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CHAPTER 2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

The philosophy and the practice of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or

Environmental Assessment (EA) is not only to assimilate and integrate a broad range of

geological, physical, cultural and legislative considerations along with that of

environmental aspects, but also to maintain inherent simplicity and flexibility of the

approach. One of the main objectives of E.A. study is to ensure that potential problems

are foreseen and addressed at an early stage (the project planning and design stage) to

prevent environmental degradation by equipping the decision-makers with good

information about consequences, that development could possibly have on the

environment.

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSISEnvironmental analysis focuses on the relationship between the project activities and its

surrounding environment. It first examines how the project might affect human health

and the stocks of natural resources. It then goes on to consider what measures might be

introduced to mitigate the damaging environmental effects of the project. Finally it tries

to inform the decision-makers on the options for avoiding or reducing the adverse

impacts and to analyse the trade-off involved in choosing between alternative actions.

In principle, all subproject proposals can have potential environmental effects and should

therefore be subjected to environmental appraisal. However, certain types of subprojects

can be excluded from environmental appraisal, as the magnitude of environmental impact

expected will be low due to the size or nature of the subproject. Hence certain screening

criteria are required to identify the degree or level of environmentail studies required for

the proposed subproject activity. For example in case of 'Repair of Rural Roads', the

impact on environment will be minimal and hence an environmental review with standard

mitigative measures would be sufficient for environmental clearance. But in case of

"New Roads" the impacts on the environment may have to be reviewed from a broader

perspective before being cleared, hence requiring a Limited environmental Assessment.

Page 9


2.2 CRITERIA FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENINGTo ease the bottlenecks created by environmental evaluation and simplify the process of

environmental clearances, the Finance and Planning department, Government of Andhra

Pradesh, appointed EPTRI, Hyderabad, as consultants to prepare standard environmental

screening criteria for the subprojects to be taken up in the six districts of A.P under AP

DPIP project. The screening checklists prepared for screening the proposals are simple

and clear, so that a non-specialist (with no environmental background) can use them with

suitable training.

2.3 SCREENING PROCEDUREThere are basically 3 steps in the screening process.

2.3.1 FIRST STEP: Location of the projectIn the first step, the location of the subproject plays an important role in broadly

classifying the areas into three categories and in predicting the range of impacts and their

magnitude based on the sensitivity of the area. Thus the areas of the sub projects can be

broadly identified as Environrnentally highly sensitive-A, Environmentally moderately

sensitive-B and Environmentally less sensitive-C, depending on the terrain, vegetation

and other natural resources in the region. It is the responsibility of the community

facilitator to categorise the subproject location into one of the above classes with the help

of the "Location sensitivity checklist" given in table 3. 1.

2.3.2 SECOND STEP: Classification of sub projectsIn the second step depending on the location category, type of activities proposed in the

subprojects, the possible range and magnitude of environmental impacts and the

mitigative measures required, the subprojects will be categorized into four classes. These

are

i. Environmentally beneficial: Subprojects with positive environmental impacts on

the environment.

ii. Environmentally benign: Subprojects likely to have some less significant

impacts on the environment but for which standard mitigative measures have been

identified.

Page 10


iii. Minor Potential Environmental Impacts: Projects that have some moderately

significant environmental impacts (which do not set off a chain of other

environmental impacts) for which standard mitigative measures are not readily

identifiable.

iv. Significant Potential Impacts: Subprojects that have potentially significant

impacts and may set off a chain of other environmental impacts or impacts

requiring detailed environmental studies.

2.3.3 STEP THREE: Environmental AssessmentIn the third step, the level of environmental analysis or study required is decided keeping

in view the different environmental considerations and actions required. They are

Environmental Review, Limited Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact

Assessment.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW (ER): It is required for subprojects that are

Environmentally beneficial or Environmentally benign (screening categories i&ii).

Environmental Review checklists (ER) with standard mitigative measures for various sub

projects are annexed (Annexure I)

LIMITED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LEA): It is required for subprojects

with minor potential impacts (screening category iii). LEA checklists with Terms of

Reference (TOR) for various sub projects are annexed (Annexure II)

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA): It is required for subprojects

with significant potential impacts (screening category iv). In most of the cases these

subprojects will not be eligible for funding.

The above classification with level of environmental Studies required is in-built in the

Generic checklist.

2.4 RESPONSIBILITIES

Depending on the level of analysis required, the responsibilities for the environmental

screening, mitigation and clearance of subprojects are shown in figure 1.

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2.4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWIf the subproject requires ER according to the Generic checklist, then the community

facilitator (CF) will fill up environmental review checklist. The filled up checklist will be

submitted with the subproject proposal to the District Project Management Unit (DPMU)

for their review prior to the subproject approval.

2.4.2 LIMITED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTIn case of subprojects which require LEA as per the Generic checklist the DPMU will be

responsible for ensuring that it is conducted according to the TOR by specialist or by a

trained person at DPMU.

2.4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTIn case of a subproject requiring an EIA as per the Generic checklist, the DPMU or

SPMU will decide if the subproject proposal is to be rejected, or whether a full EIA is

warranted (likely to be only in few cases).

The screening flow chart with the level of involvement and responsibilities (of people) is

given in figure 1.

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Figl SCREENING PROCESS

PROJECT IMPACT. CATEGORY ACTION REQUIRED ANDRESPONSIBILITIES

Environmentally beneficial i Environmental Review to beYES, conducted by CFs. Approved

bv DPMU

NO

Environmentally benign _ Environmental Review to beYFS1q o conducted by CFs. Approved

by DPMU

NO

iii Limited EnvironmentalMinor Potential Environmental Assessment to be conducted.Impacts YES It is DPMU staffs responsibility

for contracting approvedenvironmental consultant forcarrying out the study as per

NO LEA guidelines.

Significant Potential Impacts. IV Environmental ImpactAssessment is required. In

YES most cases project will not befunded.

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I

I


CHAPTER 3 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING CHECKLISTS

3.1 LOCATION SENSITIVE CHECKLIST

The Location sensitive checklist (LSC) for sub projects shown in Tablel is prepared

taking into consideration environmentally sensitive parameters like terrain, vegetation,

slope, population etc to identify and classify the areas into Environmentally Highly

Sensitive-A, Environmentally Moderately Sensitive-B and Environmentally Less

Sensitive-C.

3.1.1 HIGHLY SENSITIVE AREAS (A OR D)

Those areas where, if the subproject is taken up, the possibility of direct impact with

considerable magnitude due to the project activities is high on the area.

3.1.2 MODERATELY SENSITIVE AREAS (B OR E)

Those areas, within which if the subproject is located, possibility of direct impact of

considerable magnitude on the area due to the proposed activities is low, but the indirect

impacts can be of appreciable magnitude.

3.1.3 LESS SENSITIVE AREAS (C)

Those areas, within which if the subproject is located, the possibility of direct or indirect

impact of appreciable magnitude on the area due to the proposed activities is low.

3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF AREAS

The Environmental attributes taken into consideration for the classifications of these

areas are:

1. SLOPE: During the subproject execution, the slope of the terrain will have a significant

influence on the type and magnitude of the environmental impact. Hence based on slope

as criteria (as per Indian Road Congress rules) the areas have been divided into the

following three groups keeping in view the possible type & magnitude of impacts:

A. Mountain or Steep terrain as highly sensitive

B. Rolling or undulating terrain as moderately sensitive

C. Level or plain terrain as less sensitive.

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2. PERENNIAL FRESH WATER BODIES: In order to preserve and reduce the possible

impact due to the proposed subproject activity on the water bodies, these areas have been

classified depending on the distance from the water bodies:

A. The areas within 50 m from the water bodies as highly sensitive

B. The areas between 50 to 500m from the water bodies as moderately sensitive

C. The areas with distance more than 500 m as less sensitive

3. MARINE AND ESTUARINE WETLANDS: In order to preserve and reduce the

possible impact due to the proposed Subproject activity on the ecosystem, these areas have

been classified as

A. The areas within 50 m from the water bodies as highly sensitive

B. The areas between 50 to 500m from the water bodies as moderately sensitive

C. The areas with distance more than 500 m as less sensitive

This attribute is more applicable in case of coastal districts like Srikakulam andVizianagaram.

4. NATURAL HABITATS/VEGETATION/ RESERVED FOREST: In order to

preserve and reduce the possible impact due to the proposed subproject activity on natural

habitats/vegetation/ reserved forest, these areas have been classified as

The areas within 50 m from natural habitats/vegetation/ reserved forest as highly sensitive.

The areas between 50 to 500m from the natural habitats/vegetation/ reserved forest as

moderately sensitive.

The areas with distance more than 500 m from the natural habitats/vegetation/ reserved

forest as less sensitive

5. NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIES: As these have endangered species or

protected wildlife, no activity must be allowed or encouraged around them. The areas

surrounding them are classified into

The areas within 500 m from National park/ sanctuaries as highly sensitive.

The areas between 500 m to 1 Km from National park! sanctuaries as moderately sensitive.

The areas with distance more than 1 Km from National park/ sanctuaries as less sensitive.

This attribute is more applicable in case of districts like Adilabad, Anantapur, Chittoor

and Mahaboobnagar.

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6. SITES OF CULTURAL OR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Care must be

taken to preserve the historical monuments and traditional centers of national

/state/local importance. Hence activities which can endanger their existence must be

avoided. The area surrounding them have been classified into

A. The areas within 50 m from sites of cultural or historical significance as highly

sensitive.

B. The areas between 50 to 500m from sites of cultural or historical significance as


C. The areas with distance more than 500 m from sites of cultural or historical

significance as less sensitive

7. POPULATION DENSITY: The villages/ habitations are divided into 2 classes

depending on their population, (1 )Having more than 2000 people and

(2) Having less than 2000 people. This classification is made considering

issues like the amount of resources required (like water etc) and wastes

generated (like waste water, solid waste etc). The distance from the

habitati is used to classify areas to plan suitable mitigative measures to

minimise the adverse impacts of the proposed activity on the people.

D. The areas within 500 m from habitation with a population > 2000 as highly

sensitive.

E. The areas between 500 m to 1 Km from habitation with a population > 2000 as


C. The areas with distance more than 1 Km from habitation with a population > 2000

or the villages with a population < 2000 people as less sensitive.

Table 1 gives the list of environmental attributes taken into consideration for the

classification of these areas

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Table:1 LOCATION SENSITIVENESS OF THE AREAS.no OTHER CHARACTERISTICS SENSITIVITY Please

CATEGORY Tick1 SLOPE ( Cross slope of the country)

Mountainous or steep terrain( Slope > 25% ) ARolling terrain ( slope 10-25%) BLevel or plain terrain ( Slope < 10 %) C

2 PERENNIAL FRESH WATER BODIESDistance of river, channel, drains, lakes, ponds or anyother water bodiesLess than 50 m ABetween 50 and 500 m BMore than 500 m C

3 MARINE AND ESTUARINE WETLANDS _Distance from Creeks/back water/High Tideline/mangrovesLess than 50 m ABetween 50 and 500m BMore than 500m C

4 NATURAL HABITATSNEGETATION/RESERVEDFORESTSDistance from gazette forest reserves /Reed lands/mangroves/ swamp forestLess than 50 m ABetween 50 and 500m BMore than 500m C

5 NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIESDistance from National Parks or sanctuariesLess than 500 m ABetween 500 and 1 KM BMore than 1 KM C

6 SITES OF CULTURAL OR HISTORICALSIGNIFICANCEDistance from sites of cultural or historical significanceLess than 50 m ABetween 50 and 500m BMore than 500m C

7 POPULATION DENSITYDistance from nearest habitation with a populationmore than 2000 peopleLess than 500m D500 to 1 Km EMore than 1 Km C

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The community facilitator will classify the location of the proposed subproject into one

of the 3 categories for each of the attributes in the location sensitive checklist. The area is

declared as category A, if it falls under it at least incase of one attribute in checklist. Else,

in case of the area not falling under category A, if it falls under B for at least one attribute

then it is declared as category B. Else it is declared as category C.

3.3 GENERIC CHECK LISTWhile preparing the Generic checklist the following issues were given due importance

1) These projects are basically meant for meeting the minimum requirements of the

habitats.

2) The cost of the sub projects is less than $ 100,000 and in many cases is around 40,000

to 50,000 US dollars.

3) There is no major rehabilitation required for taking up these projects.

Depending on the subproject type, activities and location, the checklist identifies the level

of environmental analysis or study required for the proposed subproject. In some cases

the sub projects have also been classified depending on parameters like number of

people, size of the project, area affected, ground water utilization and depth etc to

incorporate the already existing guidelines or standards being followed by the concerned

departments in their already existing or completed projects.

Hence keeping the above issues in view the sub projects have been mostly divided into

three categories: a) Repairs or Rehabilitation b) Up gradation and c) New ones depending

upon type of expected activities, their impacts and level of environmental analysis

required.

3.3.1 REPAIRS AND UPGRADATION OF EXISTING FACILITIESAs the subproject under consideration is already existing, it only needs to be improvised

to meet today's needs and demands, and to increase its utilization and survival. In most of

these cases the impacts of these activities are not of considerable magnitude. Hence an

environmental review with suitable and standard mitigative measures is sufficient to take

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up the project. In very few cases due to some environmentally sensitive conditions a

Limited Environmental Assessment may be required.

3.3.2 NEW SUBPROJECTS

In most of the cases, the impacts due to the proposed activity may have to be reviewed

from a broader perspective with more details. It may require more information and data

of the prevailing conditions in order to take up suitable mitigative measures or look into

other possible altematives.

In few cases due to a number of inter linking conditions and factors the subprojects may

require a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment to know the environmental impact

of the project. The Table 2 gives the generic checklist.

3.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW (ER)It refers to a very simple level of environmental assessment. It does not require

sophisticated environmental expertise and can be adequately completed by the

community facilitator. The checklist basically identifies all the possible impacts due to

the proposed activity perceived from the past experiences of similar projects. It also

provides suitable mitigative measures to reduce or nullify the adverse impacts expected.

The community facilitators can identify the likely and applicable impacts of the proposed

subproject from the ones listed in the relevant checklist. Then he must look into the

corresponding mitigative measures suggested and see that they are implemented. The ER

checklists are annexed.

3.3.4 LIMITED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LEA)Certain projects might have some unforeseen impacts. In order to withstand these

impacts, one needs to know the profile of the region and the projects in greater detail.

LEA helps in equipping with the relevant information with the help of which any number

of unforeseen impacts can be managed with certain mitigative measures. Thus, a

subproject requiring a LEA needs to be reviewed by an environmental/technical

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specialist. The information regarding baseline conditions and potential site-specific

impacts must be analysed. The outline for collection of baseline information is given in

the LEA checklist. The mitigative measures recommended by the expert must be

incorporated into the design by the community facilitators or the implementers of the

project.

For subprojects requiring a LEA, it is important to monitor the work, both during

construction and also operation to ensure that mitigative measures are implemented and

that no unforeseen negative impacts are left unmanaged. The LEA checklists are

annexed.

3.3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

An EIA would be required in the event of significant direct or indirect impacts due to the

proposed subproject. Such subprojects would generally be subjected to national

requirement for an EIA. The necessity of a full EIA appears to be very rare for DPIP

subprojects: normally, a subproject requiring this kind of environmental analysis would

be refused funding.

3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES FOR SCREENING AND

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBPROJECTS

1 RURAL ROADS

Considering the activities associated with the repair and up gradation of rural roads, the

impact will be marginal and can be addressed by standard mitigative measures. Hence ER

with standard mitigative measures is sufficient to take up these projects in all categories

of areas.

For construction of new roads/widening in areas (B, C, D and E) LEA is required because

the impacts due to the proposed activities are far fetched and must be looked into from a

broader perspective. They may require more information and data (location specific

features like slope and drainage pattern etc) to come up with suitable mitigative

measures.

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In the case of construction of new road/widening falling under category A (e.g. area very

close to sanctuaries or hilly terrain), the sub project may have significant and long-term

impact, which needs detailed impact evaluation. Hence it requires an EIA.

2 BRIDGES

The sub projects under this category generally constitute repairs to the existing bridges or

construction of new bridges on existing roads. Considering the activities associated with

the sub project and the costs allocated, the impact will be marginal irrespective of the

location. Hence an ER with suitable and standard mitigative measures is sufficient to take

up the project.

Where as in the case of construction of new minor bridges in all areas, site specific data

(like drainage pattern of the area, upstream and down stream activities etc) is required for

evaluating the impact of the project on the surroundings and to suggest suitable

mitigative measures. Hence it requires a LEA.

3 COMMUNITY HALLSKeeping in view the utilization of the multi purpose community halls (for activities like

social functions, community festivals, cyclone rehabilitation etc.) and the activities

associated with repair and rehabilitation in all areas and construction of new community

halls in areas falling under category B, C, E, the impacts on the surrounding environment

will be marginal and concern mostly waste disposal considerations. Hence they can be

addressed by standard mitigative measures. So an ER with standard mitigative measures

regarding waste disposal, sanitation facilities etc., is sufficient to take up the project.

In case of D and A categories which are nearer to sensitive zones like sanctuaries and

habitats etc., LEA is required because the impacts due to the proposed activities on

surrounding environment should be looked into specific to the context of cyclone

rehabilitation, community fetes and festivals etc. Hence it may require more information

and data (location specific features like water availability and ground water details) to

come up with suitable mitigative measures.

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4 SCHOOLS / TRAINING CENTERS / OTHER EDUCATIONAL CENTERSKeeping in view the proposed activities for which it will be used (like residential hostels,

schools etc.) and the activities during repair and rehabilitation (in all categories), the

impact on the surrounding environment will be marginal and can. be addressed by

standard mitigative measures. Hence an ER with standard mitigative measures is

sufficient to take up the project.

In case of construction of new ones (in all categories) the evaluation of impacts due to the

waste generation on the surrounding environment will require more site specific

information and data (like quantity of waste generated, ground water levels, drainage

pattern etc) to come up with suitable mitigative measures.

5 HEALTH CENTERS/ CLINICSThe health centers are meant for health care in the village. Owing to the gravity of the

cases, the quantity and characteristics of wastes (organic especially biomedical and

inorganic) generated and the population of habitats (number of people using the facility),

the impact on the surrounding environment will be marginal and concern mainly disposal

of waste, both biomedical and general. As the scale of the projects is very small, these

issues can be addressed by following standard mitigative measures. Hence an ER with

suitable and standard mitigative measures is sufficient to take up the project in B, C, D, E

category areas.

Whereas in case of health centers located in category A will require site specific data like

the degree of impact that can be allowed taking into consideration the importance of the

area and species in the surrounding for careful handling and disposal of the wastes

generated. Hence a LEA is required.

6 MARKETS

Keeping in view the proposed activities, the quantity and characteristics of wastes

(organic and inorganic) generated and the population of habitations (number of people

using the facility), the impact on the surrounding environment will be marginal and

concern mainly waste disposal. Hence they can be addressed by standard mitigative

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measures. Therefore, an ER with suitable and standard mitigative measures is sufficient

to take up the project in B, C and E category areas.

The location of Markets/ Commercial centers in category A and D must be avoided as far

as possible. The amount of organic and inorganic waste generated will be of considerable

magnitude posing health problems, increasing congestion and enhancing the human

interference in the sensitive/protected areas. In case of unavoidable circumstances an EIA

study is required for clearance of such subprojects.

7 DRINKING WATER SUPPLYSURFACE WATER

Keeping in view the proposed activities during up gradation of multipurpose communal

ponds and the waste (organic and inorganic) generated due to such activities on the

surrounding environment, the impacts will be marginal and can be addressed by standard

mitigative measures. Hence an ER with suitable and standard mitigative measures is

sufficient to take up the project.

In case of construction of new multipurpose communal ponds in areas C and E which are

environmentally less sensitive require a ER as the impact due to change in drainage

pattern on the aquatic life will be minimal and standard mitigative measures can be

suggested to reduce them. LEA will be required is case of subprojects located in

category B as it may require more information and data (location specific features like

drainage pattern, aquatic life etc.) to come up with suitable mitigative measures.

The construction of new multipurpose communal ponds in category A and D must be

avoided as far as possible. As Problems associated water stagnation and change in

drainage pattern can have irreversible damage in the sensitive areas (like A) and spread

diseases in the surrounding areas (like D). In case of unavoidable circumstances an EIA

study is required for clearance of such subprojects.

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GROUND WATER

NEW OR UP GRADATION OF (TUBE WELLS/OPEN WELLS)

In case of dark areas where the ground water exploitation is more than 85% of the

available water, the upgradation or new construction of tube wells will require a LEA

because the impacts due to the proposed activities may result in depletion of water

resources. Moreover it may require additional information and data (location specific

features like drainage pattern, groundwater aquifer details etc) to come up with suitable

mitigative measures. In case of Grey or white area the impact on the surrounding

environment will be marginal and can be addressed by standard mitigative measures.

Hence an ER with suitable and standard mitigative measures is sufficient to take up the

project.

DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANT

-Drinking water treatment plant must be allowed only in area C and B considering the

area required and the type of activities like quantity of water stored and different

activities related to treatment. It requires a LEA because the impacts due to the proposed

activities may have to be looked into from a broader perspective and will require

additional information and data (location specific features like drainage pattern,

elevations, ground water table etc) to come up with suitable mitigative measures.

The location of Treatment plants must be must be avoided in other area as far as possible.

But in case of unavoidable circumstances an EIA study is required for clearance of such

subprojects in category E areas. As they requires a suitable site identification study-to be

carried for finalisation of the location.

PIPED WATER SUPPLY OR GRAVITY SCHEMES

The major activities in this subproject are digging, laying of pipes and refilling the trench.

The impact of these activities on the surrounding environment will be marginal and can

be addressed by standard mitigative measures. Hence an ER with suitable and standard

mitigative measures is sufficient to take up the project in categories B, C, D, E. Whereas

in case of subprojects located in category A require site specific data to propose suitable

mitigative measures. Hence a LEA is required.

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8. SANITATION FACILITIESThe individual latrines with soak pits in areas where the ground water depth is within 10

m require a LEA because the possibility of ground water contamination has to be looked

into. This will require additional information and data (location specific features like

ground water table, aquifer characteristics and ground water movement etc) to come up

with suitable mitigative measures. Where as in areas where the ground water depth is

more than 1 Om the possibility of ground water contamination is less. Hence the impact of

these activities on the surrounding environment will be marginal and can be addressed by

standard mitigative measures. Hence an ER with suitable and standard mitigative

measures is sufficient to take up the project.

The community open channel drainage system is mostly required in C, D and E category

areas. It may create foul odor, health risks and community conflicts. In order to address

these problems, site specific information is required for suggesting suitable mitigative

measures. Hence a LEA is required. Where as in case of subprojects located in category

A & B require an EIA as a detailed study is required to identify suitable mitigative

measures to minimise the impact. Some of the impacts can create serious environmental

and health problems that will be irreversible if not managed properly.

The compost pits must be allowed only in category C area as they can create serious

environmental and health problems. It requires an EIA because in some cases there might

be irreversible environmental damage due to the proposed activity. So an in depth study

is required to propose suitable mitigative measures.

9 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

Keeping in view the proposed activities, the quantity and characteristic of wastes (organic

and inorganic) generated and the population using the facility, the impact on the

surrounding environment will be marginal and can be addressed by standard mitigative

measures. Hence an ER with suitable and standard mitigative measures is sufficient to

take up the project.

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The construction of new waste disposal sites must be allowed only in category C areas as

they can create serious environmental, health problems and social conflicts. It requires an

EIA because in some cases there might be irreversible environmental damage due to the

proposed activity. So an in depth study is required to propose suitable mitigative

measures.

10 FLOOD/ EROSION PROTECTION BARRIERSThe impacts of structural barriers (dams, reservoirs, dikes etc) and non-structural barriers

(involving zoning, floodplain regulations) vary from each other. The project overall

would be beneficial as flooding recharges soil moisture and helps in preservation of

topsoil and nutrient enrichment. The activities related to the subproject would involve

only marginal impacts and can be addressed by standard mitigative measures, which are

sufficient to take up the project. Only in case of construction of new embankments with

height greater than 2 m in category A areas may require a LEA. As site specific

information like area that will get submerges and water-logging etc is required for

predicting the magnitude of impacts.

1-1 MINOR IRRIGATION

TUBE WELLS

In dark areas as there is over exploitation of the ground water and any additional pressure

on it must be very carefully analysed from the environmental point of view. It requires an

in depth study to avoid grave environmental problems. Hence an EIA is required.

Moreover these must be allowed only in Category C so that there is protect highly

sensitive and moderately sensitive areas from further exploitation of ground water.

In Grey areas suitable mitigative measures are to be suggested to prevent the region from

becoming a dark area. For this purpose site-specific information such as aquifer details,

ground water availability etc., is required. They must be allowed only in category C, and

E, to avoid conversion of forests to agricultural use. Hence a LEA needs to be carried out.

The sanction of new bore holes in category B areas must be avoided as far as possible. As

they may initiate series of impacts of which some be irreversible. Hence requires an EIA

for their sanctions.

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In the case of white areas as the pressure on ground water is less the impact due to the

proposed activity on the environment will be marginal and can be addressed by standard

mitigative measures in category C and E areas. Hence for these ER with standard

mitigative measures is sufficient to take up the project in Category C and E. In case of

projects at category B will require an LEA as site specific data (like as aquifer details,

topography etc) are required to predict the impacts and suitable mitigative measures.

Where as in case of sanction of new bore holes in category A areas must be avoided as

far as possible. As they may initiate series of impacts of which some be irreversible.

Hence requiring an EIA.

CHECK DAMS, PONDS, LAKES AND PERCOLATION TANKS

REHABILITATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES

Keeping in view the proposed activities in the subproject and the waste (organic and

inorganic) generated the impact on the surrounding environment will be marginal and can

be addressed by standard mitigative measures for sub projects located in categories C and

E. Hence an ER with suitable and standard mitigative measures is sufficient to take up the

project. Where as a LEA is required in case of sub projects located in Category B areas,

as it requires site specific information (like drainage pattern, and aquatic life etc).

CONSTRUCTION OF NEW STRUCTURES

In the case of construction of new ones LEA is required as the impacts due to the

proposed activities may have to be looked into from a broader perspective. Hence it may

require more information and data (location specific features like drainage pattern,

aquatic life, submergence area details etc) to come up with suitable mitigative measures.

They must be allowed only in category C and E to avoid conversion of forests to

agricultural use. . But in case of unavoidable circumstances an EIA study is required for

clearance of such subprojects in category B areas.

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IRRIGATION CHANNEL

REHABILITATION OF EXISTING CHANNELS

Keeping in view the proposed activities in the subproject and the waste (organic and

inorganic) generated the impact on the surrounding environment will be marginal and can

be addressed by standard mitigative measures. Hence an ER with suitable and standard

mitigative measures is sufficient to take up the project. They must be allowed only in

category C and E to avoid conversion of forests to agricultural use. Where as a LEA is

required in case of sub projects located in Category B areas, as it requires site specific

information (like drainage pattern, and aquatic life etc). But in case of unavoidable

circumstances an EIA study is required for clearance of such subprojects in category A

areas.

CONSTRUCTION OF NEW CHANNELS

In case of construction of new ones LEA is required as the impacts due to the proposed

activities may have to be looked into from a broader perspective. Hence it may require

more information and data (location specific features like drainage pattern, and aquatic

life etc) to come up with suitable mitigative measures. They must be allowed only in

category C and E areas to avoid conversion of forests or sensitive areas to agricultural

use. But in case of unavoidable circumstances an EIA study is required for clearance of

such subprojects in category B areas.

12 CROPS

IMPROVED FARM/CROP MANAGEMENT

GREY AND WHITE AREAS

The project includes new and improved techniques of farming so as to improve crop

varieties as well as management practices so that better yield is obtained in a limited area

of given land. The activity is environmentally beneficial but needs an ER so as to

maintain the improved condition on a long-term basis.

DARK AREA

It will require a LEA because the impacts due to the proposed activities (like suitability

of soil, increase in water uses and fertilizers etc) may have to be looked into from a

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broader perspective. Moreover location specific features (like drainage pattern, type of

soil, microenvironment and type of fertilizers used etc) are required to come up with

suitable mitigative measures. They must be allowed only in category C areas to avoid

conversion of forests or sensitive areas to agricultural use.

AGRICULTURE TOOL DEVELOPMENT

Keeping in view the type of agricultural tools developed and the number, the impact of

the proposed activity on the surrounding environment will be marginal and can be

addressed by standard mitigative measures. Hence an ER with suitable and standard

mitigative measures is sufficient to take up the project. They must be allowed in category

B, C, D and E to minimise/discourage the use of forest and sensitive area resources like

(felling of trees or animal bones etc) for tool development.

13 HORTICULTURE

DARK AREA

An activity related with extraction of the ground water in dark areas must be evaluated

carefully to avoid the serious environmental problems (micro climatic changes eg

conversion to barren lands etc). Hence it requires a LEA as additional information and

data (location specific features like drainage pattern, ground water potential, quantity of

water required and type of fertilizers used etc) is required to come up with suitable

mitigative measures. They must be allowed only in category C and E areas to avoid

reduction of availability of water to habitats or conversion of sensitive areas for the above

purpose. It must be discouraged to take up such activities in category B areas. But in

unavoidable situation a detailed environmental analysis is requires to identify the possible

impacts of the proposed activity on the environment and to come up with suitable

mitigative measures. Hence an EIA is required

GREY AND WHITE AREAS

The impact of the activities involved with horticulture (like use of ground water or

surface etc) on the surrounding environment will be marginal and can be addressed by

standard mitigative measures. Hence an ER with suitable and standard mitigative

measures is sufficient to take up the project. They can be allowed in category B, C, D and

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E areas. The use of category A areas must be avoided to protect them from land cleaning

and encroachments. In unavoidable circumstances an EIA study must be carried for

taking a decision regarding clearance of the project.

14 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

SHEEP REARING, DAIRY AND POULTRY FARM (stall fed)

The activities under the project are intended to support the livestock population providing

stall-feeding facilities to prevent grazing in the surrounding areas or encroaching into

core forest lands. The project will involve sheep rearing, dairy, poultry farming. The

impacts arising through these are negligible and can be undertaken with the help of an ER

with standard mitigative measures in cases of sub projects involving Dairy and sheep in

categories C, B & E areas and Poultry form in category C.

*A LEA is required for sub projects involving Poultry form in category B and sheep

rearing which are not stall-fed, as location specific information like water availability,

vegetation, demography and drainage pattem of the area is required for predicting the

impacts.

MANUAL SLAUGHTER HOUSES OF SMALL CAPACITIES

Waste disposal in manual slaughterhouses of small capacities being minimal, the impacts

arising through this are negligible and can be undertaken as per the suggested standard

mitigative measures through an ER in category C areas. Where as the ones proposed in

category B require site specific information like the water availability demography and

drainage pattem to identify the possible impacts (like the health risk surface water

contamination & odor nuisances) and suitable mitigative measures.

SLAUGHTER HOUSES OF GREATER CAPACITY/SEMI-

MECHANICAL/MECHANICAL

For the above project, waste disposal issues have to be considered in depth to avoid

health risks and contamination by seepage of wastes and therefore needs to be considered

for a LEA in category C areas. Where as a EIA is required in Category B areas.

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1 5 SERICULTURESericulture is a highly remunerative programme and therefore helps in increasing the

economic gains of the local population. It can also be supported in the conventional fields

along margins, along contours of less slopy areas, and in the form of terrace cultivation

along highly sloppy regions. The impacts due to the sericulture on environment are very

marginal, as all types of wastes such as waste from reeling units, double cocoons, silk

waste, pupae etc are put to use in some form or the other. The only problem that can be

foreseen is the use of dyes and wastes from dyes. Hence suitable standard mitigative

measures through an Environmental Review are sufficient to take up the project in

category C area. Where as LEA will be required in case of sub projects located in

category B areas, as site specific information (like water availability, drainage pattern etc)

is required to predict the possible impacts.

16 ENERGY

The sub projects in energy involve using of smokeless chulhas or fuel -efficient cooking

stoves. As these are environmentally beneficial but still need to be looked into regarding

Fuel wood resources, an Environmental Review with suitable measures would be

sufficient.

17 RESTOCKING OF COMMUNAL PONDSThese projects involve increase in fish production, than the normally available fish stock

by restocking them in the existing communal ponds. It is environmentally benign but

needs an ER to ensure proper management to avoid over dense fish population,

introduction of exotic species etc. which would lead to loss of productivity due to spread

of disease. A careful selection of species is therefore required.

18 PASTURE DEVELOPMENT / SOCIAL FORESTRY

The project has a number of positive impacts by way of planting of species for fodder,

fuel and fruit production to meet the needs of the inhabiting human and livestock

population. It can enhance slope stabilization, form shelter belts and act as wind breaks,

form live fences etc. and helps in increasing the soil fertility, moisture content and soilnutrients. However, it needs an ER with standard mitigative measures in category areasB and C. This is because care must be taken with regard to the choice of species for

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specific purposes, suitable to the region taken up for the project. Also the activity is to be

restricted only to the buffer zones and should not be allowed to encroach the core forest

areas keeping in view the serenity of the habitat.

Table: 2 GENERIC CHECKLIST

S. no Subproject Type Screening categoryER LEA EIA

1 Rural Roadsa) Repair A,B,C,D,Eb) Upgrading without widening A,B,C,D,Ec) Construction of a new road/widening B,C,D,E A

2 Bridgesa) Repair A,B,C,D.Eb) Upgrading, widening A,B,C,D,Ec) Construction of new bridge

1) Piped Culverts A,B,C,D,E2) Minor Bridges A,B,C,D,E

3 Community Hallsa) Repairing/Rehabilitation A,B,C,D,Eb) Construction of new.one B,C,D,E A,D

4 School /training centers/ educational centersa) Repairs/Rehabilitationb) Construction of new ones A,B,C,D,E

A,B,C,D,E5 Health centers/clinics B,C,D,E A6 Markets/Commercial centers B,C,E A,D7 Drinking water supply

a) Surface Water multipurpose communalpond1) Up gradation A,B,C,D,E2) Construction C,E B D,A

b) Ground water (New or Up gradation of (tube/open) wells)1) Dark Areas A,B,C,D,E2) Grey or White areas A,B,C,D,E

c) Treatment plant with balancing tank, C,B Efiltration and chlorinating system

d) Piped water supply or gravity schemes B,C,D,E A8 Sanitation facilities

a) Individual household latrines with soakpits1) Depth of ground water < 1 Om A,B,C,D,E2) Dept of groundwater> 10m A,B,C,D,E

b) Community open channel drainage C,D,E A,Bsystem

c) Compost Pits C

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S. no Subproject Type ScreeningcategoryER LEA EIA

9 Solid waste disposala) Up gradation of existing collection A,B,C,D,E

(segregation) and disposal systemb) Construction of new waste disposal sites ( C

ex land fills )10 Flood / erosion protection barriers ( soil

protection)a) Rehabilitation of existing embankment A,B,C,D,Eb) Construction of new embankment < 2 m AB,C,D,Ec) Construction of new embankment >2 m B,C,D,E Ad) Lining of river banks (with rocks, poles, A,B,C,D,E

etc.)11 Minor-Irrigation projects

a) Tube wells1) Dark areas C2) Grey C,E B3) White areas C,E B A

b) Check dams, pond, lakes and percolationtanks1) Rehabilitation of existing ones C,E B2) Construction of new ones C,E B

(Submergence area < 0.5 Ha)c) Irrigation Channels

1) Rehabilitation of existing ones C,E B A2) Construction of new ones C,E B

12 Cropsa) Improved farm/crop management

1) Grey or white areas B,C,D,E2) Dark areas C

b) Agriculture tool development C,D,E B. 13 Horticulture with new irrigation source

a) Dark areas C,E Bb) Grey or white areas B,C,D,E A

14 Animal Husbandrya) Dairy and sheep ( Stall feed) C,B,Eb) Poultry form C Bc) Slaughterhouse

1) Manual (smaller capacity: < 5 cows 25 C Bgoats/ sheep)

2) Manual (greater capacity)/ Semi-mechanical/ Mechanical C B

15 Sericulture C B16 Energy (renewable)

a) Improved cooking/smokeless Chulha A,B,C,D,E17 Restocking of communal ponds with A,B,C,D,E

indigenous fish species or fishponds.18 Pasture development and social Forestry. B,C A

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3.5 CONCLUSIONSA comprehensive environmental screening procedure, which is simple and appropriate to

the size and nature of the subproject must be evolved and implemented. This should not

only look into the relevant environmental issues but must also help the decision-makers

in speedy clearance of the subproject proposals.

Keeping the above issues in view the present exercise is a first step to integrate the

environmental issues into project planning at an early stage. This will not only help the

policy planners and decision makers to foresee the environmental problems in advance

but also to evaluate the influence on the over all objective of the proposed mission.

By ignoring the environmental factors at the project initiation stage, project costs go up

due to additional environmental precautions and measures needed. For instance, instead

of proposing a tube well in the dark area where the ground water exploitation is high, a

rainwater collection pond or water shed management will be more feasible and may lead

towards sustainable development by recharging the groundwater aquifer.

Moreover there are two main reasons why environmental development planning has

given great importance to the issue of the interrelationship between development and

environment. The first is that the destructive effect on environment has negative

repercussions on development itself. The second is that adequate considerations of

natural resources and the environment development strategies, plans and policies

constitute rich source of opportunities for improved social and economic development,

while mitigating the effects of the proposed subproject activity.

Page 34

\


CHAPTER 4 - ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE AND DATA

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT IN

AP-DPIP

The district Poverty Initiative project (AP-DPIP) aimed to improve the standard of living

of the poor has been evolved out of the experience draw upon from the past and on-going

social fund projects like UNDP's South Asia poverty Alleviation program (SAPAP) etc.

The activities to be financed under this project would be demand driven and community-

based. These projects will be targeted to mobilise poor rural community to seek

fulfillment of felt needs and to improve their access to services provided by the public

institutions.

The comprehensive administrative structure for APDPIP projects has be addressed in

detail in the Institutions and Implementation arrangements chapter

Of Institutional capacity building report. This chapter addresses the administrative

structure requirements for environmental management of the AP-DPIP.

4.1 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS PROPOSED FOR THE PROJECTIn accordance with the proposed institutional arrangements agreed with GOAP, a district

level autonomous society dealing directly with the CIGs will be established. The

management structure proposed for the AP-DPIP project consists of 5 levels

1) State Steering Committee

2) State Project Management Unit (SPMU)

3) District society for poverty Alleviation

a) Governing council

d) District Project Management Unit (DPMU)

4) Mandal Community Support Cells (MCSC)

5) Common Interest Groups (CIG) / Community Facilitators (CF).

The key elements of the institutional arrangements for Environmental management of the

AP-DPIP is designed keeping the above management structure and sequences of

Page 35


activities involved in formulation, implementation and monitoring & evaluation of the

sub projects. The sequences of activities is illustrated below

1) Need for the project is felt and identified by CIGs in consultation with the

Community facilitator (CF).

2) The CF will help the CIGs in formulating the project proposal and filling up the

required application forms.

3) CF will screen the sub projects using the Location Sensitivity Checklist (LSC) and

Generic Checklist (GC) included in the Environmental Assessment Report (EAR). In

most cases, it is expected that the checklists will indicate that only an Environmental

Review (ER) is required, which will also be conducted by the CFs using the

Environmental Review Guidelines (ERG) included in the EAR.

4) The CF will submit the completed screening checklists and relevant sections of the

ERG to the District Project Management Unit (DPMU) as part of the subproject

proposal.

5) The DPMU staff will review the completed LSA, GC and if submitted the ERG.

6) If the screening checklists indicate that a Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA)

is required, then DPMW staff will be responsible for contracting approved

environmental consultants.

7) The list of approved environmental consultants will be prepared by the

Environmental Agency (EA) to be appointed by the State Project Management Unit

(SPMU). Environmental consultant will follow the Limited Environmental

Assessment Guidelines (LEAG) included in the EAR for caring out the study.

8) In the few cases that the screening checklists indicate that a full Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) is required, if the subproject costs less than Rs. 10 lakh, the

DPMU will request an estimate of the EIA cost from the EA. If the subproject

requiring an EIA costs more than Rs. 10 lakh, the DPMU will refer the subproject to

the SPMU's subproject appraisal expert, who will request an estimate of the cost from

EA.

9) For subprojects costing less than Rs. 10 lakh, if the estimate of the EIA cost exceeds

20% of the total subproject cost, the proposal will not be approved. If the EIA cost

Page 36


estimate is less than 20% of the total cost, then subproject preparation may continue

at the DPMU's discretion.

10) For subprojects costing more than Rs. 10 lakh, the SPMU subproject appraisal expert

will decide whether to approve further processing of the subproject proposal based on

a comparison of the EIA costs and expected economic benefits.

11) In the unusual case that a subproject requiring an EIA is approved, it will be

undertaken by the EA under separate contracts with the DPMU or SPMU.

12) In accordance with the finding of the EIA study, the DPMU or SPMU subproject

appraisal expert will decide on the funding of the subproject.

13) The environmental agency shall carryout monitoring and supervision of the project as

per the guidelines given in chapter on Monitoring and supervision.

For carrying out the above activities related to environmental issue the administrative

structure proposed is shown in the figure below & table 3.

Page 37


¢Propo ~~sed administrative structure forenvironmental management

SPMU *Environtmental Agency

|Subproject Appraisal Expert X

I ~~DPMU Eniomna Cosutat

Subproject Management Expert

Villa2e level unit

Common interestgroups/Community Facilitators

4.2 DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The APDPIP project is proposed to be initially implemented in three districts with a

project cost of RS 6000 millions to be spread over a period of five years. The number ofsub projects that shall be funded will be around 2000 to 5000. These sub projects will be

spread over 10 to 15 mandals of each district over a period of five years. From the

generic checklist it can be seen that there are about 17 category of sub-projects with each

category being again subdivided.

Page 38


The process of environmental information collection and status of project with respect to

environmental issues related to it has to be maintained effectively for initiating prompt

action and effective implementation of the project. Moreover to speed up the process of

environmental clearances and reduce delays, an effective data documentation system that

is easy to handle with in-built warning system to identify and reduce delays and easy to

transfer information among different units must be setup.

Number of sub-projects that shall be funded are in thousands and these will be

1) Spread over five years

2) Will be implemented in different mandals of the districts, being handed by different

individuals at different stages of the project.

3) The sub projects shall be in different categories requiring environmental inputs from

different units of APDPIP and external agencies.

In the above context it becomes very difficult for manual maintenances of environmental

status of all projects by the available staff. Hence for prompt handling of environmental

issues and systematic documentation a user friendly computer documentation system is

required.

The proposed Environmental Information Documentation System (EIDS) shall contain

following modules

a) Status of environmental clearance procedure (Environmental issues)

b) Status of environmental activities and responsibilities in ongoing projects

c) Information on completed project and environmental reports

As the environmental information related to the projects will be maintained at the DPMW

level hence the EIDS shall be installed and maintained at DPMU. The Environmental

Officer and Computer operator at DPMU shall input the required information and down

load the information required as per their requirements.

EIDS can be integrated with the overall project management system software.

The Project Coordinator, Senior Environmental Officer and Computer operator at SPMU

and Project Directors, Environmental Officer and Computer operator at SPMU will be

Page 39


trained in Data Entry and Operation of the Environmental Information Documentation

System.

The Environmental Information Documentation System shall be developed using Oracle

and Visual Basic packages on NT Platform. The end uses ( DPIP staff) need not know the

above packages for using the EIDS.

4.2.1 COST

The cost for development of Environmental Information Documentation System Package

shall be RS 6,00,000 (six Lakhs only) . The breakup for the above amount is given below

1) Development of Environmental Information 4,00,000

Documentation System package

2) Training for the APDPIP staff and at DPMU 2,00,000

(5 day training for 15 people)

*Page 40


Table 3 ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTUREUnit Personnel Reporting to Responsibilities

SPMU 1) Project Director 1) To appoint an environmental agency to undertake a range of environmental activities.

2) Contact an independent non-governmental organisation to conduct an Environmental Audit of the2) Sub Project DPIP once every two years.

Appraisal Expert Project 1) If the sub-project costing more than Rs 10 lakh requires an EIA study then request for cost

(SPAE) Director at estimated of the study to Environmental agency.

SPMU 2) Decide on funding of Sub-projects requiring EIA by comparison of the EIA costs and expected

economic benefits.

DPMU Sub Project 1) Project 1) To Verify if the CFs are correctly using the LSC, GC and ERG and environmental mitigative

Appraisal Expert director at measures included in the approved subproject proposal are implemented.

(SPAE) DPMU 2) To contract Environmental consultants from the approved list of consultants for carrying out LEA

2) Sub project 3) For subprojects requiring ELAs and costing less than Rs. 10 lakh, request an estimate of EIA cost

appraisal from the EA; If the EIA cost is less than 20% of the total cost of the subproject proposal,

expert at subproject preparation may continue at the DPMU's discretion. In this case, the DPMU must

SPMU contract the EIA from the EA.

4) For subprojects requiring EIAs and costing more than Rs. 10 lakh, forward the subproject

proposal to the SPMU.

5) Submit the supervision report to the SPAE at SPMU.

6) Supervise and communication with EC, CF and CIGs

7) To brief the Project Director at DPMU and SPAE at SPMU on status of environmental issues

Page 41


Unit Personnel Reporting Responsibilities

to

CIGs/CF Community Sub project 1) CF will screen the sub projects using the Location Sensitivity Checklist (LSC) and Generic

facilitator appraisal Checklist (GC) included in the Environmental Assessment Report (EAR). In most cases, it is

expert at expected that the checklists will indicate that only an Environmental Review (ER) is required,

DPMU which will also be conducted by the CFs using the Environmental Review Guidelines (ERG)

included in the EAR.

2) Submit project proposals along with the LSC, GC, to SPAE at DPMU.

3) If ER is required as per the GC, then CF will also be conduct it.

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Unit Personnel Reporting to Responsibilities SuggestionsEnvironmen Institute I Project 1) Prepare list of approved environmental consultants for carrying out It must be a reputed

tal agency Director at . LEA study. institution having

SPMU 2) Prepare cost estimates for carrying out LEA study for the sub- experience in

2) Sub project projects. 1) Carrying out EIA

appraisal expert 3) On request form DPMU or SPMU, prepare cost estimates for studies

at SPMU carrying out EIA study for the sub-project. 2) Developing

4) On request from DPMU or SPMU carryout the EIA. Environmental

5) To develop and conduct environmental training modules for modules for training

environmental capacity building.

6) Six monthly supervision of the sub-projects as per the guidelines

given in chapter on Monitoring and supervision.

7) Monitoring of environmental conditions as per the guidelines given

in chapter on Monitoring and supervision.

Environmen Institute Sub project 1) Attend training conducted by the Environmental Agency on the It must be a reputed

tal appraisal expert requirements of a LEA. institution having

consultancy at DPMU 2) To carry out LEA study as per the LEA guidelines included in the experience in

Environmental assessment report. 3) Carrying out EIA

studies

4) Developing

Environmental

modules for training

Page 43


Unit Personnel Reporting to Responsibilities Suggestions. Environmen Institute Sub project 5) Attend training conducted by the Environmental Agency on the It must be a reputed

tal appraisal expert requirements of a LEA. institution having

consultancy at DPMU 6) To carry out LEA study as per the LEA guidelines included in the experience in

Environmental assessment report. 7) Carrying out EIA

studies

8) Developing

Environmental

modules for training

Page 44

EPTRI Assessment of environmental criteria

CHAPTER 5- ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY BUILDING STRATEGY

FOR APDPIP

Sustainable development essentially meant development of the present generation without

affecting the posterity. It encompasses development of two important aspects viz.,

development of people and that of environment. Thus it is pertinent to take precautions that

environment is also improved while addressing the improvement of the socio-economic well

being of the people. It thus necessitates equipping people to take care of their environment

while improving their social and economic environment. Since the APDPIP project is

basically a social fund project aiming at people's involvement in their own development, the

target group for training in environment also basically hails from the same section of the

society. Apart from them, the authorities who screen the proposals for social fund projects at

various levels and thus facilitate development also need to be aware of the environmental

dimension of development.

One of the principal tasks of the Environmental Agency appointed by the SPMU will be to

provide adequate training to allow the CFs, DPMU and SPMU staff, and approved

environmental consultants to fulfill their environmental responsibilities. To meet this goal, it

was agreed that the EA should prepare four training Modules, to be given on demand as

requested by the SPMU. These Modules shall be prepared in close consultation with the

SPMU training expert. The four training courses are

1. Environmental Awareness Raising for DPIP Beneficiaries

2. Basic Environmental Screening and Mitigation for Community Facilitators

3. Environmental Screening and Mitigation for DPMU and SPMU Staff

4. Limited Environmental Assessment for Environmental Consultants

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY BUILDING MODULES

COURSE 1: ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS RAISING FOR DPIP BENEFICIARIES

Ultimately, the prevention of environmental damage and promotion of environmental

improvements under the DPIP will depend on the enthusiasm and understanding of the

Page 45


subproject beneficiaries. Enviromnental awareness raising modules shall help in wider DPIP

grass-roots publicity and information effort.

Course content

These modules shall highlight the need for environmental protection, and promote activities

for enviromnental improvement that may be supported by the DPIP. The use of creative

mechanisms for grass-roots communication, such as theatre, will be considered with the

guidance of the SPMU and DPMU training expert.

Total course duration

Enviromnental awareness raising will be integrated into the public awareness programme of

the DPIP. Considering that, each district has at least 10 mandals where the sub-projects shall

be taken up, there are a total of 30 (3xIO) mandals in the 3 districts where the project is

proposed.

The course shall be of half-day duration with 50 participants per batch. The course shall be

conducted for 3 days per mandal (that is six batches per mandal).

The total duration of the course for 30 mandals shall be 90 days.

Location

Since the community is large in number, it is better to organise this course in respective

mandal headquarters.

Cost of training

The cost for carrying out Course I shall be RS 60,000 (sixty thousand only) per Mandal that

is RS 20,000 ( Twenty thousand per day). The total cost for 90 days training programme shall

be 18,00,000 /- (eighteen Lakhs 50 thousand only).

Course II: BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND MITIGATION FOR

COMMUNITY FACILITATORS

To enable the CFs to effectively apply the LSC, GC and ERG, the Environmental agency

shall prepare and deliver courses on Basic Environmental Screening and Mitigation. In this

Page 46


course, the most fundamental environmental issues and problems that can be expected in a

given project will be described and the standard mitigation measures will be taught using the

checklists and guidelines prepared for the APDPIP.

Course content

The course shall be tailored to emphasize local environmental issues. The CFs will be trained

with a practical orientation to carry out LSC, GC and ERG for the sub-projects. There are 20

or more sub projects for which Environmental Review guidelines are already made.


Considering that, each mandal has at least 25 villages, there are a total of 250 (25xIO)

villages in each district. There will be at least 4 community volunteers / facilitators per

village who would be coordinating the proposals for sub projects. Hence there will be 100

CFs / CV per mandal and 1000 (lOOx 0) from each district.

The course shall be of one-day duration with 20 participants per batch. The course shall be

conducted for 5 days per mandal (that is five batches per mandal).

The total duration of the course for 30 mandals shall be 150 days.

Depending on demand, these courses shall either be given at the district or mandal level.

The total course duration will be 150 days (50 day per district in 3 districts)

Location

Depending on demand, these courses shall either be given at the district or mandal

headquarters.

Cost of training

The cost for carrying out Course II shall be RS 1,00,000 (one lakh only) per Mandal that is

RS 20,000 (Twenty thousand) per day. The total cost for 150 days training programme shall

be RS 30,00,000 /- (Rs thirty Lakhs only).

Page 47


Course III: ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND MITIGATION FOR DPMU AND

SPMU STAFFTo ensure that DPIP staff at the district and state levels understand the objectives of the

Environmental Management Framework (EMF), and are equipped to implement it

effectively, the EA will prepare and deliver courses on Environmental Screening and

Mitigation for DPMU and SPMU personnel.

Line department staff at district level will be consulted for subproject preparation and

implementation. Apart from them, the Project Directors and the Project offices also can be

trained in order to have a check on the technical committee.

This course has to be given to following people

SNO Personal/Designation Level Number

1 Project director SPMU 1

Project Officers 4

2 Project Directors (lx3) DPMW 3

Project officers (4x3) 12

Members from district line 18

departments (6x3)

Therefore, the total number of trainees for this course shall be 38.

Course content

These courses shall cover all elements of the EMF, including ER, LEA and EIA, as

well as the environmental supervision, monitoring and auditing requirements.


The course shall be of five-day duration with 19 participants per batch.

The total duration of the course for 2 batches shall be 10 days.

Location

The course will be conducted at Hyderabad and working lunch shall be provided.

Page 48


Cost of training

The cost for carrying out Course III shall be RS 2,50,000 (two lakh fifty thousand only) per

Batch that is RS 50,000 (fifty thousand) per day. The total cost for 10 days training

programme shall be RS 5,00,000 /- (five Lakhs only).

Course IV: LIMITED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTALCONSULTANTS

One of the duties of the Environmental Agency will be to compile a list of approved

environmental consultants (about 7 per district) from which the DPMUs may select experts to

conduct LEAs. In addition to appropriate qualifications and experience, it will be a pre-

condition for inclusion in the approved list that environmental consultants attend a short

course on the application of the LEAG.

Course content

The course contains an orientation to the basic tenets of Limited Environmental Assessment.

There are more than 10 projects for which a LEA has to be carried. The shall address

1) The local environmental issues of concern and impact of the sub-project on theme

2) Steps involved in conduction the LEA study

The course shall be tailor-maid district wise to incorporate local environmental issues of

concern.


Considering that, each district shall have 7 short listed Environmental consulting agencies

and 2 persons form each consultant will be trained, there shall be a total of 14 persons per

district.

The course shall be of two-day duration with 14 participants per batch (district wise). The

total duration of the course for 3 districts shall be 6 days.

Location

The course will be conducted at Hyderabad and working lunch shall be provided.

Page 49


Cost of training

The cost for carrying out Course IV shall be RS 1,00,000 (one lakh only) per Batch that is

RS 50,000 (fifty thousand) per day. The total cost for 6 days training programme shall be RS

3,00,000 /- (three Lakhs only).

The total cost of the Environmental capacity building exercise for the DPIP project will Rs

56,00,000/- (Rs forty-six lakhs sixty thousand only) the break-up for the amount is as

follows:

Table: 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAMME COSTSTraining component Consultancy charges (Rs)

Course I: Environmental Awareness Raising For DPIP 18,00,000

beneficiaries.

Course II: Basic environmental screening and mitigation 30,00,000

for community facilitators

Course III: Environmental screening and mitigation for 5,00,000

DPMU and SPMU staff

Course IV : Limited Environmental Assessment for 3,00,000

Environmental consultants

Total 56,00,000

Page 50

-7

i

I

I


CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, SUPERVISION &

AUDITING

To ensure that the Enviromnental management Frame work is effectively implemented, and

remains responsive to the environmental conditions prevailing in DPIP areas, responsibilities

should be assigned for environmental supervision, monitoring and auditing.

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORINGIt will be a responsibility of the EA to remain abreast of changing environmental conditions

and emerging environmental concerns in DPIP areas. This will not be achieved through the

collection of primary data, but rather through monitoring information collected and provided

by other GoAP and civil society sources. On the basis of this information, the EA will

recommend revisions to the EMF, and highlight local concerns to DPMUs. Details of

changing conditions, emerging concerns, recommended revisions and local issues will be

included in the six-monthly supervision reports provided to the Director of SPMIU.

The cost for collection of data and preparation of status report is Rs 1,75,000 per district.

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISIONSupervision of EMF implementation will be conducted at two levels. At the district level, as

part of their overall supervisory responsibilities, the DPIP staff will be required to verify that

CFs are correctly using the LSC, GC and ERG, and that the environmental mitigation

measures included in the approved subproject proposal are implemented. This verification

will be conducted for the same sample of subprojects as used by the DPMUs for other

supervisory requirements, and the results will be included in their overall supervision reports

provided to the SPMU. These supervision reports will be submitted for review of EMF

implementation by the EA.

At the state level, the EA will conduct six-monthly supervisions of EMF implementation,

selecting a representative sample of ER, LEA and EIA category subprojects. The sub-projects

shall be selected randomly at the rate of 20 projects per year per district (about 12 ER, 6 LEA

and 2 EIA).

Page 51


The duration of supervision exercise shall be 10 days per district and the activities that shall

be carried out as listed below

1) The EA shall verify whether the screening process was correctly applied, suitable

mitigation measures specified, and these measures were correctly implemented.

Two environmental experts shall visit the district for 5 days and under take the above work.

2) The EA shall prepare supervision report, addressing the following

a) Application of the EMF in the sample

b) Implementation of environmental mitigation measures in the sample

c) Suggestions for improving either the EMF or its implementation

3) Submit the supervision report to the Director of SPMU

The cost of carrying out the above supervision study shall be Rs 1,50,000 per district.

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITINGTo provide an assessment of whether the effectiveness of the design and implementation of

the EMF, the Director of the SPMU will contract an environmental audit of the DPIP once

every two years, to be conducted by an external civil society organization. The principal

focus of the audit will be to assess the extent to which the EMF has lead to the

implementation of appropriate environmental mitigation measures in DPIP subprojects, and

has promoted the implementation of environmentally beneficial subprojects. A secondary

goal of the audit will be to attempt an assessment of the extent to which the DPIP may have

led to improvement or deterioration in environmental quality.

6.3.1 At sub project levelIt is recommended that the environmental auditing agency must review 5-10% of subprojects

requiring an ER, 10 - 20% of all subprojects requiring a LEA, and all subprojects requiring an

EIA. The Environmental Audit should include an assessment of:

* the screening category attributed to a particular subproject is correct;

* expected impacts and recommended mitigation measures are correctly indicated as

mentioned in the E R or LEA;

* proposed mitigation measures are carried out as planned;

* the subproject has been imnplemented according to design;

Page 52

EPTRI Assessment of environmental critenra

no unexpected environmental impacts have surfaced, which have not been reported to the

State APDPIP Environment Unit.

Depending on the results of the above assessment the audit must rate the environmental

performance in accordance to World Bank (1 996a) criteria as described below in Box 1.

Box 1 - Environmental performance rating

1 Highly satisfactory Environmental components are being implemented in a

timely and satisfactory manner.

2 Satisfactory Implementation of the critical aspects of the environmental

components is proceeding in a timely and satisfactory

manner. There are some problems with certain other aspects,

but these are not undermining the progress of implementing

the components and are being addressed by the

implementing agency.

3 Unsatisfactory There are major problems in implementing some or all of

the environmental components of the subproject, including

aspects critical to the success of the components and the

subproject as a whole. However, appropriate measures are

being takeri by the implementing agency to address the

problems. Or problems are not being addressed properly

6.3.2 Environmental out come of DPIP

The cumulative impact of large number of subprojects being taken up should be examined to

attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed EMF system. The table 6 list the

suggested parameters for auditing of environmental out come of DPIP.

Table 6 Suggested parameters for auditing of environmental out come of DPIP

Page 53


Table 6 Suggested parameters for auditing of environmental out come of DPIPType of subproject Cumulative Impact on the environment Key environmental monitoring parameterRural roads and Bridges * Positive : Better access to markets, schooling and clinics * Costly to monitor and hence test checks of air pollution levels

* Negative: Increased mobility in rural areas; may lead to on account of increased vehicular traffic @ I station perincreased migration or access to natural resources in rural Mandal.areas

Community halls * Positive: Provide places for having social gathering * Monitor bacterial contamination of surface and ground water.* Negative: Effect on surrounding surface and ground water due * Regional water levels to be monitored for changes

to human waste and drop in ground water levelsSchool /training centers/ . Positive: Increases awareness in general about environmental * Monitoring of level of environmental awareness, e.g. about

issues key issues such as water quality, sanitation and bio-diversityeducational centers . Negative : Effect on surrounding surface and ground water due * Monitor number of agencies effectively dealing withto disposal of human wastes and d&op in ground water levels environmental issues

* Monitor bacterial contamination of surface and ground water.* Regional water levels to be monitored for changes

Health Centers/clinic * Positive: Better health care and increase of health awareness * Monitoring of level of health awareness e.g. about key issues* Negative: Effect on surrounding surface and ground water due such as Hygiene, Water quality and sanitation

to improper disposal of clinical waste, odour problem in the * Monitor bacterial contamination of surface & ground watersurrounding areas and presence of maul odour (smell) in the air

Market and commercial * Improve infrastructure and provide improved access to the * Monitor bacterial contamination of surface and ground water.centers area, increase land values. * Regional water levels to be monitored for changes

* Negative: Increased mobility in rural areas; may lead to * Difficult to monitor, as parameters are affected by manyincreased migration or access to natural resources, Effect on factors, included an improved road networksurrounding surface and ground water due to leached fromorganic and inorganic market wastes. Drop in ground water.

Drinking water supply * Positive: Availability of drinking water. * Regional water levels to be monitored for changes* Communal ponds * Negative: Possible drop in groundwater level, surface water * Monitor of level and frequency of occurrence of water bound* Tube wells bodies. diseases* Treatment plants* Piped water supplySanitation facilities * Positive: Increase in privacy, conveniences, better hygiene * monitor bacterial contamination of surface water and ground* Latrines * Negative effects on receiving water bodies (surface &ground water

Page 54


Table 6 Suggested parameters for auditing of environmental out come of DPIPType of subproject Cumulative Impact on the environment Key environmental monitoring parameter* Community open channels water) foul odour, * monitor coliforms in surface waters & groundwater* Compost pits * Odour monitoring ( difficult to monitor but foul smell sensed)

Solid waste disposal * Positive: lowered incidence of diseases * Issues emanating from proposed EIA to be carried out* Negative: effects on receiving water bodies (surface & ground

water) foul odour, birds and animal nuisancesFlood/erosion protection * Positive: Reduction of runoff and top-soil erosion, increase in * monitoring Soil fertilitybarriers ( soil protection) ground water levels in the area. * monitoring of fisheries production

* Negative: loss of fisheries production, increased flooding * monitoring of water levelsoutside protected areas

Minor irrigation projects * Positive : Increase in GDP of the area, * monitor water levels: establish water level monitoring* Tube wells * Negative: reduced water levels in streams, rivers, lakes and network, effectuate regular recording of both surface and* Ponds and small dams ground water, water pollution due to use of pesticides and ground water* Irrigation channels chemicals, loss of fisheries production, increased flooding * monitor wetlands areas

outside protected areas, reduction in wetlands * monitor water quality; establish network for regular samplingand simple analysis of basic parameters

Crops * Positive : Increase in GDP of the area, * monitor water levels: establish water level monitoring* Improved farm/crop * Negative: reduced water levels in streams, rivers, lakes and network, effectuate regular recording of both surface and

management ground water, water pollution due to use of pesticides and ground water* Agricultural tool chemicals, * monitor water quality; establish network for regular sampling

development and simple analysis of basic parameters

Horticulture with new * Positive: Increase in GDP of the area, * monitor water levels: establish water level, monitoringirrigation sources * Negative: reduced water levels in streams, rivers, lakes and network, effectuate regular recording of both surface and

ground water, water pollution due to use of pesticides and ground waterchemicals, * monitor water quality; establish network for regular sampling

and simple analysis of basic parameters

Animal Husbandry * Positive: Provide employment and increase GDP of the area * monitor water quality( physical and biological parameters)* Negative: Water (surface and ground) and air Pollution, * Monitor odour levels in the surrounding areas

increase in incidence of disease due to poor hygiene. . Monitor of level and frequency of occurrence of water and airbound diseases

Page 55


Table 6 Suggested parameters for auditing of environmental out come of DPIPType of subproject Cumulative Impact on the environment Key environmental monitoring parameterSericulture * Positive: Sericulture techniques transferred to small marginal * Choice of crop species with shorter growth periods, and high

farmers would enhance financial status yielding variety that consumes less water* Negative: Competition for land between agriculture &

sericulture, crop failure due to more water requirement inwater scarce areas

Energy * Positive: reduction of pressures on fuel sources (wood), health * area of natural forest/village forest plots:* Improved cooking improvement: lowered incidences of lung diseases (linked with * health statistics indicating lowered incidences of lung diseases

/smokeless chulha fires, lamp-oil, etc..)

Restocking of communal ponds * Positive: impact on biodiversity; loss of biodiversity (fish * fish species diversity and relative abundancewith indigenous flsh species or species) is stabilizedfishpondsPasture development and * Positive: higher incentive to maintain or increase forest cover * Wildlife populations; no. of bird species in given areas maysocial forestry has positive effects on bio-diversity be a good indicator

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Documents

Environmental Assessment Report for The Andhra Pradesh ......Kaundinya Wildlife Sanctuary, covering an area of 358 sq km Sri Venkateshwara Wildlife Sanctuary, covering an area of 506