ENVIRONMENTAL

CHALLENGES IN LATIN

AMERICAN LEATHER

INDUSTRY - IUE

COMMISSION OF

IULTCSDr. S Rajamani * * Chairman, International Union of Environment

(IUE) Commission

Chennai, India, E- mail: dr.s.rajamani@gmail.com

** Vice President, IULTCS, Representative from

Argentina and Uruguay –

Buenos Aires, Argentina, E- mail:

pcasey@fonseca.com.ar

Dr.Patricia Casey **

Mr. A.JuanManuel Salazar *** Dr. Mariliz Gutterres ****

*** Member, IUE Commission & Director, AMERICANA DE CURTIDOS LTDA Y CIA SCA.Colombia

E-mail: jmsalazar@amercur.com

**** Member, IUE Commission & Professor at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

E-mail: mariliz@enq.ufrgs.br

IUE COMMISSION OF IULTCSRepresented by 30 countries, UNIDO, EC and

Invitees

CHAIRMANDr. S. RAJAMANIIndia

SECRETARY- upto 2006

Dr. CAMPBELL PAGESwitzerland

SECRETARY– 2007 onwards

Mr Thierry PONCETFrance

IUE COMMISSION MEMBERS

ARGENTINA

Dr Carlos CANTERA, Dr Ms Patricia CASEY

AUSTRALIA

Ms Catherine MONEY

AUSTRIA

Dr Hans ANDRES

BRAZIL

Mr Roberto Kamelman, Dr Prof Mariliz Gutterres

Ing. Prof. Me. Regina Cánovas Teixeira

CHINA

Mr Chen ZHANGUANG, Dr SHI BI,

Mr.Su CHAOYING

IUE COMMISSION MEMBERS

COLOMBIA

Mr Juan Manuel SALAZAR

CROATIA

Mr Jakov BULJAN

ECUADOR

Mr. Marcos Acosta

EUROPEAN UNION

Mr. Gustavo gonzales Quijano

FRANCE

Mr Thierry PONCET, Secretary (IUE)

GERMANY

Dr Heinz Peter GERMANN

IUE COMMISSION MEMBERS

INDIA

Dr. S. Rajamani & Mr. Arnab Jha

ITALY

Dr.Gianpiero Comite

JAPAN

Dr. Keiji Yoshimura, Dr. Kazuharu Nakagawa

MEXICO

Mr. Ricardo Weiss

NEWZEALAND

Ms. Ngaire Foster

POLAND

Dr Maciej URBANIAK

IUE COMMISSION MEMBERS

ROMANIA

Dr Luminita ALBU, Dr.Loannis Loannidis

SLOVENIA

Dr Anton GANTAR

SPAIN

Dr. Ms. Luico F. Cebeza , Mr Joan Carles Castell

SWITZERLAND

Dr Campbell Page, Dr Jens FENNEN

THE NETHERLANDS

Mr Arnold Mulder

TUNISIA

Dr Abdessatar

IUE COMMISSION MEMBERSTAIWAN

Mr. George Huang

TURKEY

Dr Volkan CANDAR, Dr Murat TOZAN

UNITED KINGDOM

Dr Wolfram SCHOLZ

UNITED STATES

Dr Nicholas CORY, Mr Elton Hurlow

UNIDO, AUSTRIA

Mr Ivan Kral

URUGUAY

Mr. Ricardo Hourdebaigt

New members are from Portugal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, etc.

ANNUAL IUE COMMISSION MEETING IN ONE OF THE HOST COUNTRIES

Uruguay / Taiwan - October / November 2012

Istanbul, Turkey – May 2013

Kolkata, India – November 2010

ANNUAL IUE COMMISSION MEETING IN ONE OF THE HOST COUNTRIES

Valencia, Spain – September 2011

Uruguay / Taiwan - October / November 2012

Istanbul, Turkey – May 2013

IUE COMMISSION ACTIVITIES

Dissemination of IUE activities

� Dissemination through IULTCS Website, Country Websites

� Circulation among country members

� Translation into other languages (Chinese, Spanish, Turkish etc.)

� Dissemination through UNIDO, UNDP, European Union etc.

� Presentation in IULTCS Congress and Regional Conferences

� Technical guidance/advice to Member associations / Countries

� Publications through leather journals

IUE 1 - Viable Cleaner Technologies for Leather Production

• Utilization of green fleshing and trimmings

• Use of limed fleshing for fertilizer

• Methane production

• Grease and protein recovery

IUE 2 - Tannery Solid By-Product Management

IUE 3 - Total Dissolved Solids in Tannery Effluent

• Mechanical or manual removal of salt

• CO2 Deliming

• Direct recycling

• Recycling of tanning floats

• Recovery of water and saline water evaporation

IUE 4 - Assessment for Chromium containing

Waste from the Leather Industry

Membrane system for recovery of water

IUE 5 - Typical Performance of Tannery Waste Water Treatment Systems

• Pretreatment units

• Primary treatment units

• Biological treatment

• Anaerobic / UASB

• Membrane Bioreactor and water recovery

(Spain, India, Brazil, China, The Netherlands etc.)

AEROBIC – MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR – NO SECONDARY CLARIFIER SUITABLE FOR

WATER RECOVERY

IUE 6 - Pollution Discharge Values from Tannery processes Under Conditions of Good Practice

IUE 7 - Chargeable Effluent Parameters From 25 Countries

IUE 8 - Odour Control in Tannery / Treatment Plant

• Minimize Putrefaction

• Hydrogen Sulphide

• Wastewater treatment and sludges

• Volatile organic compounds

• Air treatment

• New Guidelines are being introduced in many countries for odour control

• H2S control in Effluent treatment plant

BIO-FILTER FOR ODOUR CONTROL

IUE 9 - Special requirements for Sewers Adapted for

Tannery Effluents

IUE 10 - Document for Restricted Products in Leather

• Penta chlorophenol

• Forbidden amines

• Hexavalent chromium

• Formaldehyde

• Other restricted chemicals

IUE 11- Recommendations for Occupational Safety and Health in the use of Chemicals in Tannery, Process and Treatment Plants

IUE WORLD ENVIRONMENTAL UPDATE

World Leather Process and Waste Generation

• Leather process – 15 million tons/ year

China – Italy – Brazil – India – Argentina – Turkey – Spain etc.,

• Wastewater discharge – 1,500 MLD

• Tannery Solid waste – 6 million tons / year

• Sludge generation – 4.5 million tons/year

LATIN AMERICA

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS in LATIN AMERICAN LEATHER INDUSTRY

Latin American countries

Brazil – Argentina – Columbia - Uruguay etc.,

• Leather process – 3 million tons/ year

• Wastewater discharge – 400 mld

• Tannery Solid waste – 1.2 million tons / year

• Sludge generation – 1.5 million tons/year

ARGENTINA

• Meat consumption reduced to 53 kg/ inhabitant as per 2011 data.

• .

• 8 big tanneries• 40-50 medium & small tanneries• 70 Associated units - mostly located near

Buenos Aires

• Waste water discharge : 10 Million m3

• Environmental regulations are similar to United States & European Union

• Recently NGO’s such as Green Peace – Argentina started fixing targets on the entire supply chain

• Total control / elimination of chromium

• Odour and toxicity control

• Zero liquid discharge

NEW REGULATIONS AND TARGETS BY NGO’S

New Developments - ARGENTINA

• ACUMAR a Government agency decided to develop an industrial park for tanneries in Lanus, Buenos Aires.

• A common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) will be built in the industrial park.

• Sludge disposal is a major issue

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT IN ARGENTINA

BRAZIL

• Brazil is the third largest leather producer with share of about 13%

• 750 tanneries - mainly located in Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paulo States.

• Environmental Standards based on CONSEMA No 128/2006• Cooperative disposal system for shoe leather waste

BRAZIL

• Cleaner tanning process such as salt reduction, reuse of liming water are adopted in tanneries

• The removal/reduction of nitrogen, sulfide and toxicity etc are problems in the treated effluent

• Chromium waste water segregation needs to be implemented

BRAZIL

� Chrome tanned leather shavings usage and disposal and toxicity in river discharge and disposal of sludge are major issues

� R & D activities at CTCOURO SENAI, UNIVERSIDADE FEEVALE and LACOURO – UFRGS.

COLOMBIA

• New stringentstandards proposedduring 2011/2012

• Odour control Inaddition to sulphideand mercaptanesdischarges

• Volume of effluentdischarged is limited to470 – 520 litres per hideof 28 kg weight

COLOMBIA

• New law based on overallload and not onconcentration

• Many tanneries are closedand some tanners facelegal actions

• Tanneries have to followbest available techniques(BAT) to reduce flow andtreatment system

INDIA

MEMBRANE SYSTEM FOR RECOVERY OF WATER FROM TANNERY EFFLUENT UNDER ZERO DISCHARGE CONCEPT

– (50 Individual Units and 15 CETPs)

INDIA

Planned to upgrade and implement a biggest CETP ( 32- 48) MLD of its kind in the world.

Benefit to 450 tanneries

Estimated cost - 50 million USD

• Major R & D is under progress on salt less preservation, green process,recovery and reuse of chromium / saline streams, by product utilization

• Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is mandatory in some states of TamilNadu

• New norms / guidelines on occupational health and safety

SPAIN

Reverse Osmosis system with membrane bioreactor for

Recovery of Water for Reuse in a CETP, LURCA, SPAIN

NEW CETP IN IUGALADA

URUGUAY

• Average meat consumption per inhabitant is 60.6 kg per year

• Slaughtering of about 2.4 million bone animals per year

• 60,000 pieces of hides and 40,000 pieces of wetblue are imported

• There are 23 working tanneries in Uruguay

URUGUAY

• Big tanneries process 800,000 to 900,000 hides per year

• Large and medium scale units have effluent treatment plants and specific secure landfill

• Many organizations such as Chamber of Industry (CIU), Chamber of Tanners (CICU), AUQTIC, academic organizations such as LATU, Universities involved in pollution prevention project

URUGUAY

• Promotion of cleaner production is the main aim of the Uruguayan tanneries

• Main environmental problems are disposal of solid wastes generated by the tanneries located on the Southern part of the country

� Due to enforcement of environmental regulations- LeatherIndustry is facing difficulties and affects the growth

� Countries like United States export more raw hides –reduced tanning operation

� Many countries reduces the raw to semi finishing operations

� Sustainability of Small and medium units is a major problemdue to new environmental regulations

� NGO’s such as Green peace fix targets on environmentalprotection in leather sector has to be addressed

� Continued R&D on reduction of salt, cleaner production,utilization of solid waste / sludge is required

SUSTAINABLITY OF TANNING INDUSTRY

THANK YOU

Dr. S. RAJAMANI

THANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOU

Dr. Patricia Casey

Mr. A. Juan Manuel Salazar Dr. Mariliz Gutterres

Dr. S. Rajamani