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Environmental Costs of Strip Mining of Texas Lignite
• Area stripping• Overburden not high sulfur
Reclamation cost CT = 0.055 CA/T
CT = Cost in cents per ton
T = coal seam thickness in feet
CA = reclamation cost in dollars per acre ($200 in Texas, adequate rainfall for revegetation)
Table 3-5Estimates of Land Reclamation Costs for Surface Mining of Coal
Coal Type $/Acre $/Ton Coal $/1012 Btu
Midwest Lignite 500-4,500 0.10-0.25 8,000-22,000
Western Coal 1,500-6,000 0.20-1.00 11,500-59,000
Eastern Coal 4,000-6,500 2.00-5.00 90,000-230,000
Basis: 1980 constant dollars.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
U.S. Average
Southwest
Rocky Mountain
Powder & Green River Basins
Dakota Lignite
Gulf Lignite
West Interior
East Interior
Southern Appalachia
Central Appalachia
Northern Appalachia
1999 20012000 2002
Source: EIA-7A Coal Production Report, file data
Dollars per Short Ton
Average Mine Price of Coal by Supply Region, Survey Data 1999-2002
Coal Bed Methane….
• Methane physically adsorbs onto coal• Can desorb methane by..
– Reducing pressure (pumping water)– Injecting carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.
• Features….– Very shallow production (cheap)– Plentiful--nearly every coal bed has methane with it– Must produce a lot of water– Economical at >2$/MCF
Producing Coal Bed Methane
From Wiser, 2000
Desorption of methane
Produce water and methane