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8/7/2019 Environmental Fiscal Reforms- Solid Waste Pakistan- Saadullah Ayaz
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Environmental Fiscal Reforms
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Saadullah Ayaz
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ABOUT IUCN
IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature is the worlds oldest andlargest global environmental network- a democratic membership union with morethan 1,000 government and NGO member organizations, and almost 11,000
volunteer scientists in more than 160 countries worldwide
IUCN helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environmentand development challenges. It supports scientific research, manages field projectsall over the world and brings governments, non-government organizations, United
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
a ons agenc es, compan es an oca commun es oge er o eve op animplement policy, laws and best practice
IUCN has a status of an Observer in UN General Assembly
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WHAT DOES IUCN DO?
Knowledge: IUCN develops and supports cutting edge conservationscience, particularly in species, ecosystems, biodiversity, andthe impact these have on human livelihoods
Action: IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world tobetter manage natural environments
Influence: IUCN supports governments, NGOs, international
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
, ,
to develop laws, policy and best-practice
Empowerment:
IUCN helps implement laws, policy and best-practice by
mobilizing organizations, providing resources, trainingpeople and monitoring results
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IUCN- A GLOBAL UNION
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland
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THE DRIVING FORCE
IUCNs VISION
A just world that values andconserves nature
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IUCNs Mission
Influence, encourage and assist
societies to conserve the integrity and
diversity of nature and ensure any use
of natural resources is equitable and
ecologically sustainable
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CORE PROGRAMME AREAS
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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OUR STRUCTURE
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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IUCNs VALUE PROPOSITION
Establishing a commonstandard fora
ct
Knowledge GovernanceEmpowerment
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Reach
Research and datafor sustainable
resourcemanagement
Applying, and insome cases tailoring,
knowledge to aspecific situation
and/or the needs of
partners at any level
u ng new
approaches and aconstituency that can
maintain, promoteand extend theapplication ofsustainability
approaches, servicesand products that allowfor scaling-up,
adaptation and qualitycontrol
Im
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IUCN IN PAKISTAN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
A long term commitment since 1985
Several offices, around 112 staff,
largest Country Programme of the Union in the World since 1996
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MEMBERS IN PAKISTAN 29
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Gilgit-Baltistan Administration
Pak Env. Protection FoundGovernment of Balochistan
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IntroducingEnvironmental Fiscal
withN
ature
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
B
anking
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ENVIRONMENT AND POVERTY NEXUS
A healthy environment is crucial to poverty reduction and sustainable growth
With the degradation of ecosystems comes a decline in the quality of environmental
services that ecosystems provide
The annual cost to Pakistans economy of environmental damage and natural resource
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
,
Immediate and most severe effects of environmental degradation are suffered by the
poor
Strengthening environmental management can support economic growth, whileimproving health and productivity. Financing pro-poor environmental management in
conjunction with other development activities is of the utmost importance
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WHAT IS EFR?
Innovative policies are required to achieve development targets while ensuring
environmental sustainability. Environmental Fiscal Reform (EFR) is one such
approach, and allows fiscal resources to be managed in such a way that development
challenges can be tackled without sacrificing environmental conservation
BANKING WITH NATURE
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
and expenditure programmes to create an integrated set of activities insupport of sustainable development and conserves environment
The idea is to use fiscal instruments, directly or indirectly modifying the prices of
biodiversity related goods and services, to influence behavior in order to provideincentives for environmental protection. The funds raised through these measures can
be channelled to specific priority sectors, such as environmental conservation and
poverty reduction
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It is in this context that environmental fiscal reforms (EFR), and particularly pro-poor EFR, can assist the government in broadening the revenue base, whileachieving both poverty reduction and environmental goals
The environmental benefits of EFR includes; pollution prevention and improvednatural resources management; mobilization of funds for investment in pollutioncontrol and safe disposal of waste; and mobilization of funds for enforcementactivities
ENVIRONMENTAL FISCAL REFORMS
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
VIABLE EFR INSTRUMENTS FOR PAKISTAN
Charging appropriate prices and user charges for various natural resourcesextraction activities and social services
Making polluters pay for internalizing externalities that polluters impose on thesociety; rationalizing environmentally harmful subsidies and taxation measures;and streamlining budgetary processes so as to further the goals ofenvironmental improvement and poverty reduction
Environmental Fiscal Reforms
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BENEFITS OF EFR
Poverty ReductionImproving environmental quality e.g. better natural resource management
or provision of environmental infrastructure:
poor depend on environment for health, livelihoods and vulnerability
Fiscal revenues: revenues for pro-poor expenditure on health, education etc
Protection or compensation to protect poor from price rises
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
EnvironmentalBenefits
Incentives for sustainable
natural resource managementIncentives for curbingpollution (air, water, soil)Funds for environmentagencies and investments
Fiscal BenefitsRevenue mobilizationReduced distortionsReduced drains onpublic finances
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EFR TESTING AND APPLICATION IN
PAKISTAN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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EFR PROJECT PROFILE
AIM:
Poverty reduction and environmental improvement through undertaking a set of
environmental fiscal reforms initiatives.
FINANCIAL SUPPORT:
Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC)
DURATION:
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
May 2006 to April 2009- Extended till June 2010
PROJECT PARTNERS:
IUCN, Planning Commission, district Government, Abbottabad
RESEARCH PARTNERS:Pakistan Institute for Development Economics & Sustainable DevelopmentPolicy Institute
PILOT DISTRICT: Abbottabad
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PROJECT COMPONENTS
Action Research and
Awareness Raising
Enabling Institutional,Legal and Policy Framework
Capacity Building
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Piloting Select EFR Options Wider Dissemination for Replications
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Action Research
- Research reports on solid waste, drinking water, and quarrying and
mining, fiscal decentralization- Five (05) fact sheets completed (for easy understanding)
- Sector wise recommendations translated into Urdu
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
- Situation analysis of solid waste management in Nawanshehr town
- Water analysis of natural water resources (survey by PCRWR)
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IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/asia/asia_where_work/pakistan/projects/archived_projects/proj_arc_efr/
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Advocacy, Partnerships and Capacity Building
- Liaison with City District Government of Abbottabad (meetings with DCO
and Commissioner and other relevant departments)- Partnership with COMSATS Institute for Information Technology
- Extensive awareness, community organization/ mobilization for
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
eve opmen par c pa ory so was e managemen sys em n
Nawanshehr (pilot)
- Trainings
(Community) PSWM, waste segregation, reduction, disposal,
composting)
(Local administration) solid waste management, efficient collection,
waste segregation, safe disposal, route planning/ mapping
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PILOTING EFR
OPTIONS
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
(Case Study of Solid WasteManagement in Abbottabad)
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Development and operationalization of a
participatory solid waste management system in UC Nawanshehr
- Social Mobilization~
community groups, youth associations,
school children and women folks
dialogue conducted (70 shopkeepers)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
door to door campaign (725 houses)
Citizens seminar, youth forum operationalized
- Social Organization~
sixty two (62) community activists
School Environmental Clubs (09 established)
Mohellah Environmental Committees (06)
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Capacity building
training of staff of Town Committee on
participatory solid waste management,mapping, segregation, recycling,coordination with line agencies (districtgovernment)- 16 staff members trained
training community groups on participatory
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
,
developing and sustaining primary collectionsystem, organizational management,financial record keeping, coordination andliaison development (62 activists trained)
Other ~ training of communities (& women)on kitchen gardening and compositing (90trainees)
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Improved measures for primary collection of waste
model system nine (09) beads were developed in the area (each comprising
of around 120 households)- at source segregation of organic andrecyclables have also been introduced in 09 beads
(08) mohellahs where communities have hired their own waste
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
collectors through nominal contribution (pro- poor initiative)
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Development of secondary waste collection system
- Proper designed secondary collection points have been developed innine (09) mohellahs,
- Route planning for waste collectors (map developed)
- Repair of tractor and improvisation of existing trolley
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
the change
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ACHIEVEMENTS OF EFR PROJECT
Progress achieved as per MTR recommendations
Research work received high appreciation
Chapter from EFR project was published in the Oxford University Press,
London Technical paper on EFR (Pakistan Engineering Congress 2010)
Three papers on EFR presented in Special Technical Session on EFR at the23th Annual General Meetin of Pakistan Societ of Develo ment Economics
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Panel discussion were held on Pro-poor Environmental Fiscal Reformsduring Conference on Peace and Sustainable Development in South Asia:Issues and Challenges of Globalization held at SDPI
EFR as subject at PIDE (M. Phil/ MSc. Env. Economics Programme
Wider replication of EFR in IUCNs on- going programmes (BPSD)
Opportunities for up- scaling (district level)
Strong urge from beneficiaries (community in Nawanshehr)
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Efficacy of EFR proved (revenue, pro-poor support and env. sustainability)
In-depth research. Findings to be tailored to create real understanding andintegration into policy and decision making process
EFR being new concept~ putting in pace a self sustaining long term EFRmechanism requires improved coordination mechanisms essential to obtain longterm results in this regard.~ local level consultations extremely important to developconsensus among stakeholders to select and adopt EFR options
LESSONS LEARNT
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Buy-in from policy-makers is only possible if the project is able to demonstrateconcrete changes on the ground~ dedicated attention to carry out work is of essence, at least for a next couple of months till the system is effectively tested andcompletely adopted
Capacity building at all level is a must ~ since expertise not available anywhere Strong linkages with provincial and federal government tiers are required
Up scaling and replication of EFR activities is essential
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WAY FORWARD (RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PAKISTAN)
Successful institutionalization of EFR (in complex socio- political situation)
Support translation of learning form EFR research in to actions (elsewhere inPakistan)
Long- term impact~ buy- in from policy makers~ integration into sectoral polices/plans
Ensurin self- sustenance of ilots~ continue rovision of technical backsto in
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Capacity building/ awareness (at all levels)
Up- scaling and wider replication of EFR is suitable areas in Pakistan in othersectors (drinking water, eco-tourism, quarrying and mining etc)
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