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Prof. Dr. Abou Bakr A. Ramadan Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority (NRRA)
3 Ahmed El Zomor St., Nasr City, P.O. Box 7551, Cairo, Egypt
Phone: +202 44860160 Fax: +202 2740238
Handy: +20122 346 8077
Vienna 17-21 May 2016
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
“ Interface between Radiological and Non-
Radiological Assessments”
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم
Chronology of the Egyptian Nuclear Safety
Regulations : The establishment of a competent regulatory body in 1982
Egypt (Nuclear Regulatory and Safety Committee).
1991: Based on the Decree of the President No. 47, the
NCNSRC was established.
2006: the Presidential Decree no. 152 (ESAC) for control of
NMs & Executive Ministerial Decrees No.(419,420 and 421)
for implementation procedure.
2007: the Strategic Decision for the peaceful electricity by
NPPs
March 29 ratified by the President in 7 By the Law No. :2010
2010 An independent “ Nuclear and Radiological
Regulatory Authority (NRRA)” was established …
2011 : The code of practice was issued (26 Oct.)
Full independence of NRRA :2012
Board Chairman Vice chairman
Nuclear Facilities Sector
Radiological Facilities Sector
Nuclear Safeguards & Security Sector
Nuclear Safety Institute
Management system Head
Site Security
Medical center
Quality Assurance system
Engineering affairs Rad. Network, Labs. , Emergency
A Structure of NRRA
A Structure of NRRA (Nuclear Safety Institute)
Chairman
)NRRA)
Regulations & Nuclear Emergency Division
Radiation Control Division
Safety of Nuclear Installations Division
Vice-Chairman
Nuclear Law & Licensing Dept. Safeguards & Phy. Protection Dpt Quality Assurance Dept.
Radiological Safety Dept. Site & Environmental Dept. Radiation Protection Dept.
Engineering Safety Dept. Operation & Human Factor Dept. Fuel Cycle’s Safety Dept.
Central Lab. For
Radiation
Measurements
Radiation
Monitoring
Network
Licensing unit for radioactive sources & Emergency room
The Main Duties of NRRA
1. Reviewing and Assessment of the Safety Reports of Nuclear
and Radiation Facilities.
2. Conducting Regulatory Inspection for Nuclear and Radiation
Activities.
3. Carrying out Safeguard Inspection for Nuclear Materials.
4. Issuing Licensing, Permit Authorization or Approval for
Personnel or Facility or Procedure, or Safety Document.
5. Developing Regulations, Rules and Procedures Related to
Nuclear and Radiation Safety Issues.
6. Control of Transportation of Radioactive Materials on-Land or
in the Suez - Canal.
7. Conducting Research in Areas relevant to Nuclear and
Radiation Safety.
The Environmental Impact Assessment Process
Major steps in the EIA process are:
Screening
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
Scoping
Full-Scale Assessment
EIA Review and Decision Making
Monitoring and Follow-Up
Typical Proposals Requiring Full-Scale EIA
NPP and Research reactors projects
Large-scale industrial activities
Resource extractive industries and activities
Waste management and disposal
Screening (does the project
require EIA?)
Scoping (what issues and
impacts should the EIA address?)
Baseline studies (establish
the environmental baseline)
Alternatives (consider the
different approaches)
Mitigation (what can be done to
alleviate negative impacts?)
EIS preparation/review (document the EIA findings)
Public consultation (consult general public and NGOs)
Monitoring (monitor impacts
of project)
Impact prediction (forecast
the environmental impacts)
Impact assessment (interpreting the impacts)
Impact assessment
Impact assessment involves evaluating the significance of the impacts identified
Significance can be determined through professional judgement, reference to regulations etc.
Potential for bias in determining what is significant
The conclusions of the impact assessment can ultimately be used by decision-makers when determining the fate of the project application
Impact Assessment
Assessment proceeds in stages for:
site selection
project design
construction phase
operational phase
mitigation measures
cost-benefit analysis
Separated Responsibilities of ENRRA in EIA
Plant Description
Plant features, Plant reactor and Steam Electric System
Radiological impact from routine operation
Exposures pathways
Dose rates estimates for man and biota
Fundamentals of Nuclear Safety including:
• Management of reactivity,
• Fuel cooling,
• Localization, of radioactive waste, control of operational
releases and limitation of accident releases
Ambient Radioactivity
The ambient radiological conditions at the site and within
the local and regional study areas. Information on the
existing conditions in this regard, including an inventory of
sources, their activity levels, and their origin (natural or
anthropogenic), for all environmental media including air,
soil, food, water, aquatic sediments, plant and animal.
Radiological Conditions
For all phases of the project, any changes to radiation and
radioactivity present in the terrestrial and aquatic
environment, the atmosphere, and to workers and members
or nearby communities
Radioactive Waste Management
Radioactive waste management program will be
implemented at the new NPP. This program includes the
following:
keeping the generation of radioactive waste to the
practicable minimum by using suitable technology;
• reusing and recycling materials to the extent possible;
• collecting, characterizing and storing radioactive waste
so that it is acceptably safe
classifying and segregating waste appropriately
handling and transporting radioactive waste safely
Separated Responsibilities of EA in EIA
Climate, Weather Conditions and Air Quality
The climate conditions at the site, local and regional study
areas. The description of seasonal variations in weather
conditions within the above-noted study areas, to allow the
assessment of effects on the project
Noise and Vibrations
The predicted effects of any change in noise or vibrations levels on
terrestrial and aquatic species and on workers and nearby residents and
communities. The methods used to monitor noise and vibration levels.
The ambient noise levels at the site and in the local study areas, and
include information on its source(s).
Emissions into Air and Discharges into the Water
● The diesel motors used for emergency power supply
and possible heating boilers will be the main sources of
non-radioactive pollutants released into the air from new
NPP.
Socio-Economic Conditions
The general socio-economic conditions at the local and
regional study areas. Information on the functioning and
health of the socio-economic environment Population and
community distribution and density in the Regional Study
Area
.Land Use and Value
land use in the local and regional study areas. Identify past,
Current and planned land use(s) of the study areas or
beyond,
that may be impacted by the project
Land Based Transportation
The existing conditions of the proposed modes and routes
of transportation (e.g. provincial highways, arterial
highways, on-site access roads, etc.)
Navigable Waters
Identification of any navigation use or issues along the Sea, Water
Canals or any other water bodies that may be affected by the project.
Human Health
The current health profiles of the communities likely to be affected by
the project
Physical and Cultural Heritage Resources
The identification of any terrestrial and aquatic areas containing
features of historical, archaeological, paleontological, architectural or
cultural importance. A description of the nature of the features located
in those areas.
Non-Radioactive Waste
● Waste Generated During the Construction
There are different construction stages: earthwork,
construction of unit(s), installation works, etc. No
radioactive waste will be generated during the
construction of a new NPP
Amalgamation and overlaps of responsibilities
between EA and ENRRA
1. Geology and Geomorphology
The descriptions of the bedrock and Quaternary/surficial
geology, geomorphology (including coastal processes),
topography, petrology, geochemistry and geomechanics
for the region and the area the Project. The structural
geology, such as fractures and faults, at the site and within
the local and regional study areas. Geotechnical properties
of the overburden including shear strength and
liquefaction potential.
2. Alternatives to the Project
An analysis of alternatives to the project must describe
functionally different ways to meet the project’s need and
achieve the project’s purpose. This section must therefore
identify and discuss other technically and economically
feasible methods of producing electricity other than the
construction and operation of the NPP. The criteria used to
determine the technical and economic feasibility of the
alternatives to the NPP.
3. Surface Water
Description of surface water quality, hydrology and
sediment quality at the site, local and regional study
areas. This include delineation of drainage basins at the
appropriate scales and hydrological data such as water
levels and flow rates collected over the years.
4. Groundwater
This section includes hydrogeology at the site, local and
regional study areas. Identification of all hydrogeologic
features such as aquitards, physical and geochemical
properties of water-bearing formations and their
interaction with surface waters.
5. Terrestrial Environment
The terrestrial species at the site and within the local and
regional study areas, including flora, fauna and their
habitat. Any wildlife corridors and physical barriers to
movement that exist within the project area. Any biological
species of natural conservation status
6. Aquatic Environment
The aquatic and wetland species at the site and within the
local and regional study areas, including a description of
the flora, fauna and their habitat. Any available information
on aquatic species and habitat for the local and regional
study areas.
7. Accidents and Malfunctions
For the purposes of the assessment, accidents and
malfunctions may be separated into three categories and
defined as follows:
Nuclear accidents, directly involving the nuclear reactor
such as serious damage to the reactor core;
Conventional accidents, consisting of all other accidents
and malfunctions resulting in chemical or radiological
releases.
7. Accidents and Malfunctions
Radiological releases are those that are not
directly involved the reactor core and may
include nuclear accidents such as out of reactor
criticality events associated with nuclear fuel.
Malevolent acts, consisting of those physical
initiating events or forces (e.g., fires, explosions,
punctures, aircraft crashes) that could result from
potential sabotage or terrorist scenarios
8. Decommissioning
This process will generate the radioactive and
non-radioactive waste of various physical states
(solid, liquid, chemical and radiological
properties). The proposed decommissioning
procedures and methods reviews by EA and
ENRRA
9. Risk Assessment
• Hazard identification, inventory analysis, dam
break probability, Natural Hazard Probability etc.
• Maximum Credible Accident )MCA) analysis
• Consequence analysis of failures and accidents
resulting in fire, explosion, hazardous releases
and dam breaks etc.
• Hazard & Operability )HAZOP) studies.
• Disaster Management Plan
10. Environmental Protection Plan
Description of the environmental protection plan and the
environmental management system. The plan must provide
an overall perspective on how potentially adverse
environmental effects will be managed over time. The
information of environmental protection policies, programs,
procedures and detailed monitoring plan for several
parameters.
11. EIA Audit
EIA audits are a management tool to:
Determine impacts
Check that conditions arising from EIA are being met
Test accuracy of EIA predictions
Identify areas where EIA could have been improved
Compile lessons learned for future EIAs