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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
OF
RL Fine Chem Private Limited Plot. Nos. 165-182, APIIC, IDA Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M),
Ananthapur District
Andhra Pradesh
Proposal for expansion of production capacity For Grant of Environmental Clearance
(Category A project under 5(f) Sector)
Project Cost- Rs. 5.0 Cr
Baseline data period- October to December 2016
Submitted By Studies & Documentation By
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited M/s. Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Ltd.,
Plot.No. 165-182, APIIC, IDA Thumukunta (V), Nabet Accreditation S.No.122,
Hindupur (M) Rev 71 dated 12th Nov, 2018,
Ananthapur District Plot No. 184/C, Lawn House,
Andhra Pradesh 4th
Floor, Vengal Rao Nagar, Hyderabad – 500 038.
Ph: 040 – 40179770.
Fax: 040 – 66730926
Email: [email protected]
SUBMITTED TO
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS, GOI
PARYAVARAN BHAWAN, CGO COMPLEX,
LODHI ROAD, NEW DELHI-110003
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited.
CONTENTS
Section Description Page No.
Copy of TOR and TOR compliance
Executive Summary 1-14
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Purpose of the Report 1-1
1.2 Identification of the Project and Project Proponents 1-2
1.2.1 About Project 1-2
1.2.2 About the Group 1-2
1.2.3 Environment Health and Safety Policy: 1-3
1.2.4 About Proponents 1-5
1.3 Need of the Project: 1-5
1.4 Justification of the project 1-6
1.5 Brief Description of the Project 1-7
1.5.1 Nature of the Project 1-7
1.6 Location of Project 1-8
1.6.1 List of Other Industries in the surrounding Area 1-8
1.7 Project Cost 1-8
1.8 Scope of EIA Studies 1-9
1.9 Environmental sensitivities & significant impacts of the project
considered
1-11
1.10 Policy, legal and administrative framework 1-11
1.10.1 Institutional Setting for the Project 1-12
1.10.2 Institutional Setting in the Environmental Context 1-12
1.10.3 Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF &
CC)
1-12
1.10.4 MOEF & CC Regional Offices 1-12
1.10.5 State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) 1-12
1.10.6 Departments of Environment and Forests (DOEF) 1-13
1.10.7 Environmental clearance requirements of the project 1-13
1.11 OTHER STATUTORY LICENSES/PERMISSION 1-13
1.11.1 Director of Factories & boilers 1-13
1.11.2 Industrial Area Local Authority 1-14
1.11.3 Chemical Accidents (Emergency planning, preparedness and
Response) rules 1996
1-14
1.11.4 The Andhra Pradesh Fire & Emergency Services 1-14
1.12 Required statutory licenses at a glance 1-14
1.13 Structure of the EIA report 1-16
Chapter 2: Project in detail, Resource requirements process & Technology
2.1 Type of the project 2-1
2.2 Proposed products and capacities 2-1
2.3 Details of Infrastructure proposed 2-3
2.4 Site Location and Surroundings 2-4
2.5 Road Connectivity 2-10
2.6 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation 2-10
2.7 Resource requirements 2-10
2.7.1 Land Requirement 2-10
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited.
2.7.2 Water requirement 2-12
2.7.2.1 Source of Water 2-13
2.7.3 Power requirement 2-13
2.7.4 Fuel Requirement 2-13
2.7.5 Raw Material Requirement 2-14
2.7.6 Solvent requirement and recovery system 2-14
2.7.7 Man Power requirement 2-16
2.8 Manufacturing process 2-16
2.9 Environmental Impacts and control systems 2-16
2.9.1 Waste water generation 2-16
2.9.2 Water Pollution and Treatment Scheme 2-17
2.9.3 Effluent Treatment 2-21
2.9.4 ETP for High TDS Effluent Treatment System: 2-22
2.9.5 Low TDS Effluent Treatment System 2-26
2.10 Air Emission sources and control 2-32
2.11 Hazardous wastes and Solid wastes Generation and Handling 2-33
2.12 Noise Pollution 2-35
2.13 Bulk Storages of chemicals 2-35
2.14 Current Compliance levels of the industry 2-35
2.14.1 Previous Environment Clearance 2-35
2.15 Current Environmental control mechanisms & Gaps 2-36
Enclosure
I
Technical details of proposed products 1-182
Chapter 3.0: Baseline Environmental Status
3.1 Introduction 3-1
3.2 Methodology of Base line data collection 3-1
3.2.1 Scoping 3-1
3.2.2 Reconnaissance Surveys 3-1
3.2.3 Assembly and Analysis of Data 3-2
3.2.4 Land Environment 3-2
3.2.5 Physiography 3-2
3.2.6 Topography 3-2
3.2.7 Land use Pattern 3-2
3.3 Geology 3-2
3.3.1 Water Environment 3-3
3.3.2 Ground Water conditions 3-4
3.3.3 Ground Water Levels 3-5
3.4 Ground water Resources Estimation 3-7
3.5 Ground Water Quality 3-11
3.5.1 Surface Water Quality 3-11
3.5.2 Soil 3-12
3.5.3 Air Environment 3-13
3.6 Meteorology 3-14
3.6.1 Meteorological Station at Industry Site 3-14
3.6.2 Ambient Air Quality 3-17
3.6.3 Scope of Field Study 3-21
3.6.4 Description of Sampling Locations 3-21
3.6.5 Ambient Air Quality Status 3-26
3.7 Noise Environment 3-27
3.8 Socio Economic Environment 3-31
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited.
3.8.1 Geographical Coverage 3-31
3.8.2 Demography 3-34
3.9 Field Survey 3-37
3.9.1 Data Analysis 3-37
3.9.2 Demographics 3-39
3.10 Assets Owned 3-41
3.11 Sources of Live hood 3-43
3.11.1 Family incomes 3-43
3.11.2 Family Expenditures & Living Standards 3-43
3.11.3 Educational Facilities 3-44
3.11.4 Health Status 3-44
3.11.5 Aspirations and Apprehensions 3-45
3.11.6 Physical Infrastructure 3-46
3.11.7 Social infrastructure 3-48
3.11.8 Archaeological Monuments 3-49
3.11.9 Biotic Environment 3-51
3.11.10 Method of Study 3-51
3.11.11 Methodology 3-51
3.11.12 Flora study 3-52
3.11.13 Faunal study 3-52
3.11.14 Present Status of biotic environment 3-52
3.11.15 Ecology of the core zone 3-53
3.11.16 Ecology of the Buffer area 3-53
3.11.17 Aquatic Eco system 3-55
3.1118 Aspirations and Apprehensions 3-56
3.11.19 Physical Infrastructure 3-56
3.11.20 Social Infrastructure 3-57
3.11.21 Archaeological Monuments 3-57
3.12 Biotic Environment 3-57
3.12.1 Method of study 3-57
3.12.2 Methodology 3-58
3.12.3 Floral study 3-59
3.12.4 Faunal study 3-59
3.12.5 Present Status of biotic environment 3-60
3.12.6 Ecology of Core zone 3-60
3.12.7 Ecology of Bufferzone: 3-62
3.12.7.1 Shannon Index and Species Diversity
3-63
3.12.7.2 Fauna and Wildlife 3-64
Chapter 4.0 Identification & Prediction of Impact
4.1 Identification of impacts 4-1
4.2 Impact Networks 4-1
4.2.1 Air Environment 4-2
4.2.2 Water Environment 4-2
4.2.3 Noise Environment 4-2
4.2.4 Land Environment 4-2
4.2.5 Biological Environment 4-2
4.2.6 Socio-economic Environment 4-3
4.3 Prediction of Impact on Air Quality 4-10
4.3.1 Details of Mathematical Modeling 4-10
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited.
4.3.1.1 Model Formulation 4-11
4.3.1.2 Meteorological Data 4-12
4.3.2 Plant Emission 4-13
4.3.2.1 Air Quality Predictions 4-15
4.4 Prediction of Impacts on the Noise Environment 4-22
4.5 Prediction of Impacts on Water Environment 4-23
4.6 Prediction of Impacts on Soil 4-24
4.7 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment 4-25
4.8 Prediction of Impact on local flora and fauna 4-28
4.8.1 Impacts classification and grading: 4-28
4.8.2 Benefits in terms of enhanced biodiversity: 4-30
4.8.3 Impact –mitigation matrix 4-30
4.8.4 Mitigation measures 4-32
4.8.5 Effect on migratory corridors, nesting and breeding sites: 4-33
4.8.6 Effect on migratory corridors, nesting and breeding sites: 4-33
4.8.7 Effect on REET Species 4-33
4.9 Prediction of Impact on Vehicular Traffic 4-33
4.10 Environmental impacts and their Significance Levels 4-33
Chapter 5 : Analysis of site alternatives and technology
5.1 Project proposed 5-1
5.2 Alternative sites 5-1
Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring
6.1 Introduction 6-1
6.1.1 Objectives 6-1
6.1.2 Methodology 6-1
6.1.3 Ambient Air Quality(AAQ) Monitoring 6-2
6.1.4 Water Quality Monitoring 6-4
6.1.5 Noise Level Monitoring 6-10
6.2 Environmental Monitoring plan 6-10
6.2.1 Responsibility of Monitoring and Reporting System 6-14
6.3 Environmental Monitoring Budget 6-14
Chapter 7.0: Occupational Health, Risk Assessment and Disaster Management
Plan
7.1 Introduction 7-1
7.2 Site Locations and Surroundings 7-1
7.3 Objectives and Scope 7-1
7.4 Production Details 7-2
7.4.1 Process Description 7-5
7.5 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment 7-5
7.5.1 Introduction 7-5
7.5.2 Common definitions 7-5
7.5.3 Hazard Identification 7-7
7.5.3.1 Identification of Major Hazards from the unit 7-7
7.5.3.1.1 Physical properties of Hazardous Chemicals 7-13
7.5.3.1.2 Bulk Storages 7-13
7.6 Fire & Explosion Index (F&EI) 7-14
7.6.1 Methodology 7-14
7.6.2 Computation of F&EI 7-15
7.6.3 Hazard Ranking
7-16
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited.
7.6.3.1 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis and Its Mitigation
Measures
7-16
7.6.3.2 Heat Radiation & Vapour cloud Fire distances of Hazardous
Storages
7-18
7.6.3.3 Toxic chemicals storage and toxic impact distances 7-19
7.6.3.4 Analysis of quantitative risk assessment data 7-20
7.6.3.5 Health Hazards from exposure to hazardous substances
and control measures.
7-20
7.7 Specific recommendations based on site observations 7-25
7.7.1 Emergencies identified and Mitigation measures 7-38
7.8 Hazard and operability study ( HAZOP) 7-40
7.9 Occupational safety and Health 7-47
7.9.1 Health surveillance plan 7-47
7.9.2 First aid centre 7-48
7.9.3 Tie up with local hospitals 7-48
7.10 Disaster Management Plan 7-48
7.10.1 Disaster control Philosophy 7-49
7.10.2 Onsite Emergency plan 7-50
7.10.3 Elements of onsite emergency plan 7-51
7.10.4 Emergencies Identified 7-51
7.10.5 Emergency Organization 7-52
7.10.6 Emergency Facilities 7-52
7.10.7 Organization 7-54
7.11 Mock dill 7-57
7.12 Review of onsite emergency plan 7-57
7.13 Incident recording and revision of disaster management plan 7-57
7.14 Off site emergency plan 7-58
Chapter 8: Project Benefits
8.1 Employment Opportunity 8-1
8.2 Likely indirect employment opportunities 8-1
8.3 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) & Socio-Economic
Development
8-1
8.4 Direct revenue to the national and state Exchequer 8-2
8.5 Other Tangible benefits 8-2
Chapter 9: Environment cost benefit analysis 9-1
Chapter10: Environment Management Plant
10.0 Environment Management Plan 10-1
10.1 Introduction 10-1
10.2 The Project Location 10-2
10.2.1 Site sensitivity 10-2
10.3 Major Findings of the EIA 10-3
10.3.1 Impact on physical Resources 10-3
10.3.2 Impacts on Air Quality 10-3
10.3.2.1 Measures of Fugitive Emission Control 10-4
10.3.2.2 Measures for Achieving Maximum Solvent Recovery 10-4
10.3.2.3 Odour 10-4
10.3.2.4 Odour Control Measures 10-5
10.3.3 Impact on Water Resources 10-5
10.3.3.1 Water Conservation Measures at Plant Level 10-5
10.3.3.2 Impact on Surface Water Resources 10-6
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited.
10.3.3.3 Impact on Ground Water Resources 10-7
10.3.3.4 Water Conservation Measures 10-7
10.3.3.5 Rain Water Harvesting Plan 10-7
10.3.3.6 Ground Water Recharge Methods 10-7
10.3.4 Waste Water Handling 10-7
10.3.5 Impact on Soil 10-8
10.3.6 Impact on Land use 10-8
10.3.7 Impacts on Noise Quality 10-8
10.3.8 Impact on Flora 10-8
10.3.9 Impact on Fauna 10-9
10.3.10 Impact on Road Network 10-9
10.3.11 Impact on Power Distribution 10-9
10.4 Environment Management Measures Proposed 10-9
10.5 Implementation Arrangements 10-20
10.6 Institutional Strengthening 10-20
10.7 Training 10-20
10.8 Reporting System& Monitoring System 10-20
10.9 Green Belt Plan 10-21
10.10 Corporate Social Responsibility 10-22
10.11 Environmental Management Budget 10-23
Chapter 11: Project summary and conclusions 11-1
Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants Engaged 12-1
List of Tables
S.No Description Page No.
1.1 Salient Features of the project 1-7
2.1 List of products proposed With Quantity of production 2-1
2.2 Production facilities/Utilities/ETP – Proposed 2-3
2.3 Land statement 2-10
2.4 Water Balance- Current & proposed 2-12
2.5 Water Re-use and Fresh water requirement 2-13
2.6 Solvent usage recovery and loses 2-15
2.7 Solvent Balance 2-15
2.8 Waste water generation and mode of treatment 2-17
2.9 Effluent Generated from Process and Characteristics 2-18
2.10 Quantity of effluents 2-20
2.11 High TDS and COD Effluent-Characteristics 2-20
2.12 Low TDS and COD Effluent-Characteristics 2-21
2.13 Waste water treatment Facilities Proposed 2-22
2.14 Emission Details of Pollutant from Stack 2-32
2.15 Process Emission 2-33
2.16 Hazardous and Non-hazardous wastes & Disposal 2-34
2.17 Bulk Chemicals Storages 2-35
3.1 Land Use/Land Cover classes in Study area 3-10
3.2 Archaean Stratigraphic Succession of the area 3-11
3.3 Ground Water Samples analysis report 3-23
3.4 Soil Analysis Data 3-29
3.5 Soil Test Results-Reference Table 3-30
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited.
3.6 IMD data of meteorological station -Anathapur (1961-1990) 3-32
3.7 Frequency Distribution of Wind Speeds and Wind Directions 3-35
3.8 Locations of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations 3-38
3.9 Ambient Air Quality Stations 3-40
3.10 Equivalent Noise levels in the Study Area 3-43
3.11 Sample Villages Selected for Socio-Economic Impact
Assessment
3-46
3.12 Salient Features of Demographics in Study Area 3-49
3.13 Ownership of Assets by Sample Households 3-51
3.14 Category of Educational Institutional Details in Mandal wise 3-53
3.15 Health Facilities Government Allopathic Medical Facilities in
Andhra Pradesh State and Ananthapur districts
3-54
3.16 Estimated Birth Rate, Death Rate and Infant Mortality Rate of
Andhra Pradesh State
3-54
3.17 Estimated Birth Rate, Death Rate and Infant Mortality Rate
in Karnataka State
3-55
3.18 Disease patterns observed in sampled villages 3-56
4.1 Salient Features of the ISCST3 Model 4-11
4.2 Atmospheric Stability Classification 4-12
4.3 Mixing Heights Considered for Computations 4-13
4.4 Emission Details of Pollutants from Stack 4-14
4.5 Maximum Predicted 24 hourly GLC’s 4-16
4.6 Predicted GLC’s at Monitoring Locations 4-16
4.7 Cumulative Concentrations at Various Villages 4-17
4.8 Average typical Noise Levels from Existing Industrial Units 4-23
4.9 Table showing impacts of the proposed activity. 4-31
4.10 Environmental Impacts and their significance levels 4-34
6.1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 6-2
6.2 Indian Standard Drinking Water Specifications
IS: 10500:2012
6-4
6.3 Noise Level standards (CPCB) 6-10
6.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan 6-11
6.5 Estimated Environmental Monitoring Budget 6-15
7.1 Production capacity after expansion 7-2
7.2 List of Raw materials and Inventory 7-8
7.3 List of hazardous chemicals 7-11
7.4 Physical properties & Hazard characteristics of Key Raw
materials
7-13
7.5 Bulk Storages After Expansion 7-14
7.6 Degree of Hazards for F&EI 7-16
7.7 Heat Radiation Damage Distances for Storage Tanks 7-18
7.8 Toxic Threat Zones on release of chemicals 7-19
7.9 Safety precautions for handling of Toxic Chemicals 7-21
7.10 Hazardous processes and precautions suggested 7-41
10.1 Details of offensive odours compounds emitted from industry 10-5
10.2 Environmental Management plan and action plan 10-9
10.3 Proposed budget for green belt 10-21
10.4 Year wise budget for CSR activities 10-22
10.5 Environmental budgets for the projects 10-23
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited.
List of Figures
Section Description Page No.
1.1 Export value of Pharma Products from India 1-6
2.1 Location map of the site 2-5
2.2 Topo sheet of the study area 2-6
2.3 Base map of the study area 2-7
2.4 Google map of the study area 2-8
2.5 Plant Photographs 2-9
2.6 Plant Lay Out 2-11
2.7 Schematic diagram of the solvent recovery system 2-16
2.8 Effluent Treatment System- High TDS 2-30
2.9 Effluent Treatment System- Low TDS 2-31
2.10 Photographs of Existing Multiple Effect Evaporators
2-32
3.1 Google map of the site 3-4
3.2 The Base map of the study area
3-5
3.3 Drainage Distribution around the the Study Area.
Watershed boundary is shown with Blue Outline.
3-7
3.4 Satellite image of the study area 3-8
3.5 Land use and land cover map of the study area 3-9
3.6 Pie Diagram Showing Land use & Land cover area 3-10
3.7 Geological Distribution in Medak District 3-11
3.8 Conceptual Hydrogeological Model of Hard Rocks like
Granites
3-15
3.9 Depth to Water Levels in the Study Area 3-18
3.10 Ground Water Levels and Fluctuations at Thumukunta. 3-19
3.11 Ground Water Levels and Fluctuations at Chauluru 3-20
3.12 Ground Water Levels and Fluctuations at Hindupur 3-20
3.13 Location of Ground water samples in the study area 3-22
3.14 Soil Sampling Locations 3-28
3.15 Wind Rose Diagram at Site
3-36
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited.
3.16 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
3-39
3.17 Noise Sampling Locations 3-43
3.18 Google Map of SE Sample Villages/Wards 3-48
3.19 Sampling points of Flora and fauna of the study area
3-59
4.1 Impacts Network for Air Environment 4-4
4.2 Impacts Network for Noise Environment 4-5
4.3 Impacts Network for Land Environment 4-6
4.4 Impacts Network for Biological Flora & Fauna 4-7
4.5 Identification of Likely Impacts of waste water 4-8
4.6 Impacts Network for Socio Economic & Cultural
Environment
4-9
4.7 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of PM10 4-18
4.8 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of PM2.5 4-19
4.9 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of SO2 4-20
4.10 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of NOX 4-21
List of Annexures
S.No Description
Annexure I Copy of Current CFO
Annexure II Copy of Minutes of EAC meeting
Annexure III copy of notification of IDA Thumukunta as industrial Area dated
4.3.1995
Annexure IV Copies of existing MOU’s and in principle acceptance of wastes after
expansion
Annexure V Raw data of Ambient air quality for 12 weeks
Annexure VI The details of villages and their demographic features
Annexure VII List of flora and fauna in the study area
COPY OF TOR AND TOR
COMPLIANCE
No.J-11011/180/2016- I A II(I)
Goverment of India
Minister of Enviroment,Forest and Climate Change
Impact Assessment Division
***
Indira Paryavaran Bhavan,
Vayu Wing,3rd Floor,Aliganj,
Jor Bagh Road,New Delhi-110003
31 Jan 2018
To,
M/s RL FINE CHEM PRIVATE LIMITED
Plot No 165 to 182, APIIC, Thumukunta (V),Hindupur(M), Anantapur (D), Andhra Pradesh,
Anantapur-515211
Andhra Pradesh
Tel.No.080-32721975; Email:[email protected]
Sir/Madam,
This has reference to the proposal submitted in the Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change to prescribe the Terms of Reference (TOR) for undertaking detailed EIA
study for the purpose of obtaining Environmental Clearance in accordance with the provisions of
the EIA Notification, 2006. For this purpose, the proponent had submitted online information in the
prescribed format (Form-1 ) along with a Pre-feasibility Report. The details of the proposal are
given below:
1. Proposal No.: IA/AP/IND2/71919/2017
2. Name of the Proposal: RL Fine Chem Private Limited
3. Category of the Proposal: Industrial Projects - 2
4. Project/Activity applied for: 5(f) Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes
& dye intermediates; bulk
5. Date of submission for TOR: 30 Dec 2017
In this regard, under the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended, the Standard TOR
for the purpose of preparing environment impact assessment report and environment
management plan for obtaining prior environment clearance is prescribed with public consultation
as follows:
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
5(f):STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR SYNTHETIC
ORGANIC CHEMICALS INDUSTRY (DYES & DYE
INTERMEDIATES; BULK DRUGS AND INTERMEDIATES
EXCLUDING DRUG FORMULATIONS; SYNTHETIC RUBBERS;
BASIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, OTHER SYNTHETIC ORGANIC
CHEMICALS AND CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES) AND
INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP REPORT
A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE
1) Executive Summary
2) Introduction
i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation
ii. Information about the project proponent
iii. Importance and benefits of the project
3) Project Description
i. Cost of project and time of completion.
ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project.
iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities and whether adequate land
is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any.
iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation.
v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and storage capacities
vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management.
vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram,
man-power requirement (regular and contract)
viii. Process description along with major equipments and machineries, process flow sheet
(quantative) from raw material to products to be provided
ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems.
x. Expansion/modernization proposals:
c. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for
the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the
latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests
as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated
in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing Iexisting operation
of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report.
d. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not
taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification
2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and
Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and
CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance
report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted.
4) Site Details
i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification
for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered.
ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale
on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places)
iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site
iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site.
v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site.
vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant
area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout
of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate.
vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show
photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular.
viii. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/
private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not
required for industrial area)
ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10km radius) shall be
incorporated. Land use details of the study area
x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shall be included.
xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km
radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence
frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the
project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field
projects)
xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process
and expected time of complete possession of the land.
xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy.
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
5) Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable):
i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and
recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable)
ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating
the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha)
iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest
status shall be submitted.
iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,
Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly
authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location
and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon.
v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State
Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area.
vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the
Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife.
6) Environmental Status
i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micro-
meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction
and rainfall.
ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other
parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based
CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone
and sensitive receptors including reserved forests.
iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the
NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for
each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure
to the EIA Report.
iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point)
and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines.
v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if
yes give details.
vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be included.
vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area.
viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines.
ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials,
additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc.
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area
shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-
I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and
furnished.
xi. Socio-economic status of the study area.
7) Impact and Environment Management Plan
i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the stack emission based on
site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the
AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for
determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources
of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of
the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality
contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation
nearby, sensitive receptors, if any.
ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water body
iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment
hall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and
finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor-
cum-rail transport shall be examined.
iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent recycled and reused
for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics
of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P)
Rules.
v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions to meet standards.
vi. Measures for fugitive emission control
vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies
of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be
included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover
techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation.
viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed
plan of action shall be provided.
ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than
1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall
be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening
of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated.
x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest
rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water
requirement from other sources.
xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures
shall be included.
xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be submitted.
xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management
Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be
linked with District Disaster Management Plan.
8) Occupational health
i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of all contract and casual
workers
ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being
evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far
& Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and
periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed
data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department
wise.
iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards
and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL,
what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers
can be preserved,
iv. Annual report of heath status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and
Safety.
9) Corporate Environment Policy
i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of
Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.
ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring
into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms /
conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA.
iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the
environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance
conditions? Details of this system may be given.
iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non compliances / violations of environmental
norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at
large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
10) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the
labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during
operation phase.
11) Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)
i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise
Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time
bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be
elaborated upon.
12) Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law
against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice
under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water
Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case.
13) 'A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR.
B. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCEFOREIASTUDIES FOR SYNTHETIC
ORGANIC CHEMICALS INDUSTRY (DYES & DYE INTERMEDIATES;
BULK DRUGS AND INTERMEDIATES EXCLUDING DRUG
FORMULATIONS; SYNTHETIC RUBBERS; BASIC ORGANIC
CHEMICALS, OTHER SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS AND
CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES)
1. Detailsonsolvents to be used,measuresfor solventrecovery and for emissions control.
2. Details of process emissions from the proposed unit and its arrangement to control.
3. Ambient air quality data should include VOC, otherprocess-specificpollutants* like NH3*, chlorine*,
HCl*, HBr*, H2S*, HF*,etc.,(*-asapplicable)
4. Work zone monitoring arrangements for hazardous chemicals.
5. Detailed effluent treatment scheme including ssegregation of effluent streams for units adopting
'Zero' liquid discharge.
6. Action plan for odour control to be submitted.
7. A copy of the Memorandum of Understanding signed with cement manufacturers indicating clearly
that they co-process organic solid/hazardous waste generated.
8. Authorization/Membership for the disposal of liquid effluent in CETP and solid/hazardous waste in
TSDF, if any.
9. Action plan for utilization of MEE/dryers salts.
10. Material Safety Data Sheet for all the Chemicals are being used/will be used.
11. Authorization/Membership for the disposal of solid/hazardous waste in TSDF.
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
12. Details of incinerator if to be installed.
13. Risk assessment for storage and handling of hazardous chemicals/solvents. Action plan for handling
& safety system to be incorporated.
14. Arrangements for ensuring health and safety of workers engaged in handling of toxic materials.
***
Standard Terms of reference for Conducting Environmental Impact
Assessment Study for Synthetic organic chemicals Industry
S.No TOR Point Compliance
1 Executive Summary Included in EIA report. 2 Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET
accreditation Included in chapter 12
3 Information about the project proponent Included in chapter 1 of EIA report -Section 1.2, Page No.1-2
4 Importance and benefits of the project Included in chapter 8 of EIA 5 Cost of project and time of completion. Included in chapter 1 of EIA
report - Page No.1-8 6 Products with capacities for the proposed
project. Included in chapter 2 of EIA report –Table 2.1, Page No.2-1
7 If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any.
CFO Copy is enclosed as Annexure I. Land statement is given in Chapter 2, Section-2.7.1 page no. 2-10
8 List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation
Included in technical details chapter 2 of EIA report
9 Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and storage capacities
Included in chapter 7 of EIA report –Table 7.2, Page No.7-8
10 Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management
Presented in Chapter 2 of EIA report
11 Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract)
Presented in Chapter 2 of EIA report
12 Process description along with major equipments and machineries, process flow sheet (quantative) from raw material to products to be provided
Given at the end of Chapter 2 as Enclosure I
13 Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems.
Presented in Chapter 7 of EIA report
14 Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided in addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing I existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report.
CFO Copy and compliance is enclosed as Annexure I.
15 In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be
As the unit is drug intermediates unit and not covered under 2006 EIA Notification, EC requirement was not there and
provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted
hence there is no EC. CFO is Enclosed as Annexure I.
16 Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered.
Included in chapter 2 of EIA report -Section 2.4, Page No.2-4
17 A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km
and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on
an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive
areas and environmentally sensitive places)
Included in chapter 2 of EIA report –Figure 2.2, Page No.2-6
18 Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site This is an existing unit going for expansion.
19 Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site.
Included in chapter 1 of EIA report –Table 1.1, Page No.1-7
20 Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site.
Included in chapter 2 of EIA report –Figure 2.4, Page No.2-8
21 Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as
proposed unit indicating storage area, plant
area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located
within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout
of Industrial Area indicating location of unit
within the Industrial area/Estate.
Included in chapter 2 of EIA report –Figure 2.6, Page No.2-11
22 Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular.
Included in chapter 2 of EIA report –Figure 2.5, Page No.2-9
23 Landuse break-up of total land of the project
site (identified and acquired), government/
private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water
bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not
required for industrial area)
Included in chapter 3 of EIA report –table 3.1, Page 3-11
24 A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area
Included in chapter 1 of EIA report –section 1.6.1, Page 1-8
25 Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shall be included.
Included in chapter 3 of EIA report –Section 3.5, Page 3-12
26 Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km
radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km
radius of any major river, peak and lean season
river discharge as well as flood occurrence
frequency based on peak rainfall data of the
past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the
project site and maximum Flood Level of the
river shall also be provided. (mega green field
projects)
Included in chapter 3 of EIA report, figure 3.3, page 3-7
27 Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land.
Land is owned by the company
28 R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy
Land is owned by the company
29 Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable)
There is no involvement of forest land.
30 Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha)
Included in chapter 3 of EIA report –Figure 3.5, Page 3-10
31 Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted.
There is no involvement of forest land
32 The projects to be located within 10 km of the
National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere
Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals,
the project proponent shall submit the map duly
authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing
these features vis-à-vis the project location and
the recommendations or comments of the Chief
Wildlife Warden-thereon.
None
33 Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area.
Not applicable
34 Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife.
Not applicable
35 Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall.
Presented in chapter 3 section 3.8 page no.3-32
36 AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other
parameters relevant to the project shall be
collected. The monitoring stations shall be
based CPCB guidelines and take into account
the pre-dominant wind direction, population
zone and sensitive receptors including reserved
forests.
Presented in chapter 3 section 3.9.2, table no.3.9 page no.3-40
37 Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks
of all stations as per frequency given in the
NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with -
min., max., average and 98% values for each of
the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ
Enclosed as Annexure V
stations should be provided as an annexure to
the EIA Report.
38 Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines.
Included in chapter 3 of EIA report –Section 3.6.5, Page 3-27
39 Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details.
No
40 Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be included.
Included in chapter 3 of EIA report –Section 3.6.4, Page 3-22
41 Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area.
Included in chapter 3 of EIA report –Section 3.10, 3-42
42 Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Included in chapter 3 of EIA report –Section 3.7, Page 3-28
43 Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc.
Included in chapter 4 of EIA report –Section 4.9, Page 4-33
44 Detailed description of flora and fauna
(terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study
area shall be given with special reference to
rare, endemic and endangered species. If
Schedule-I fauna are found within the study
area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be
prepared and furnished.
Included in chapter 3 of EIA report –Section 3.12, Page 3-57.
45 Socio-economic status of the study area. Included in chapter 3 of EIA report –Section 3-11, Page 3-43
46 Assessment of ground level concentration of
pollutants from the stack emission based on
site-specific meteorological features. In case the
project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP
Modelling shall be done using inputs of the
specific terrain characteristics for determining
the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ.
Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions
(including transportation) on the AAQ of the
area shall be assessed. Details of the model
used and the input data used for modelling shall
also be provided. The air quality contours shall
be plotted on a location map showing the
location of project site, habitation nearby,
sensitive receptors, if any.
Included in Chapter 4 of EIA report
47 Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water body
The effluents are treated in ZLD
48 Impact of the transport of the raw materials and
end products on the surrounding environment
hall be assessed and provided. In this regard,
Included in chapter 2 of EIA
options for transport of raw materials and
finished products and wastes (large quantities)
by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor-
cum-rail transport shall be examined.
49 A note on treatment of wastewater from
different plant operations, extent recycled and
reused for different purposes shall be included.
Complete scheme of effluent treatment.
Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent
to meet the prescribed standards of discharge
under E(P) Rules.
Included in chapter 2 of EIA
50 Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions to meet standards
Included in chapter 2 of EIA
51 Measures for fugitive emission control Included in Chapter 10, section 10.3.2.1 page 10-4
52 Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation
Included in Chapter 2, Table 2.16 page 2-34
53 Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided.
Boiler Fly ash is sold to brick manufacturers
54 Action plan for the green belt development plan
in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500
trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of
plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be
included. The green belt shall be around the
project boundary and a scheme for greening of
the roads used for the project shall also be
incorporated.
Included in Chapter 10, Section 10.9 page 10-21
55 Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures
at plant site shall be submitted to harvest
rainwater from the roof tops and storm water
drains to recharge the ground water and also to
use for the various activities at the project site
to conserve fresh water and reduce the water
requirement from other sources.
Included in Chapter 10, Section 10.3.3.5 page 10-7
56 Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures shall be included.
Included in Chapter10, Section 10.11, table 10.6, page 10-23
57 Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be submitted.
Included in chapter 6 of EIA, table 6.4 page no 6-11
58 Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-
made) Preparedness and Emergency
Management Plan including Risk Assessment
and damage control. Disaster management plan
Included in chapter 7 of EIA
should be linked with District Disaster
Management Plan.
59 Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of all contract and casual workers
Included in Chapter 7, Section 7.9
60 Details of exposure specific health status
evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is
being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x
rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing
(Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other
ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and
periodical examinations give the details of the
same. Details regarding last month analyzed
data of above mentioned parameters as per
age, sex, duration of exposure and department
wise
Included in Chapter 7
61 Details of existing Occupational & Safety
Hazards. What are the exposure levels of
hazards and whether they are within Permissible
Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within
PEL, what measures the company has adopted
to keep them within PEL so that health of the
workers can be preserved,
Included in Chapter 7
62 Annual report of heath status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety.
Included in Chapter 7
63 Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.
Given in Chapter1, section-1.2.3 page no. 1-3
64 Does the Environment Policy prescribe for
standard operating process / procedures to
bring into focus any infringement / deviation /
violation of the environmental or forest norms /
conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA.
Yes
65 What is the hierarchical system or
Administrative order of the company to deal
with the environmental issues and for ensuring
compliance with the environmental clearance
conditions? Details of this system may be given.
Included in Chapter 7 of EIA Report
66 Does the company have system of reporting of
non compliances / violations of environmental
norms to the Board of Directors of the company
and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large?
This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in
the EIA report
Included in Chapter 2 of EIA Report
67 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as
sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to
the labour force during construction as well as
Included in Chapter 2
to the casual workers including truck drivers
during operation phase.
68 Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project
cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise
Social Commitment based on Public Hearing
issues and item-wise details along with time
bound action plan shall be included. Socio-
economic development activities need to be
elaborated upon
Included in Chapter 10, Section 10.4 page 10-22
69 Any litigation pending against the project and/or
any direction/order passed by any Court of Law
against the project, if so, details thereof shall
also be included. Has the unit received any
notice under the Section 5 of Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of
Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and
compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present
status of the case.
No
70 A tabular chart with index for point wise
compliance of above TOR
This check list provides the compliance with references of EIA report
SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE
1 Details on solvents to be used, measures for solvent recovery and for emissions control.
Included in Chapter 2 of EIA report
2 Details of process emissions from the proposed unit and its arrangement to control.
Included in Chapter 2 of EIA report, Table 2.15, Page 2-33
3 Ambient air quality data should include VOC, etc Included in Chapter 3 of EIA report
4 Work zone monitoring arrangements for hazardous chemicals
Work zone monitoring is done regularly
5 Detailed effluent treatment scheme including segregation of effluent streams for units adopting 'Zero' liquid discharge
Included in Chapter 2, figure 2.9 and 2.10 page no 2-30 to 2-31
6 Action plan for odour control to be submitted. Included in Chapter 10, section 10.3.2.4, page no.10-6
7 A copy of the Memorandum of Understanding signed with cement manufacturers indicating clearly that they co-process organic solid/hazardous waste generated
We have MOU with cement industries. Copy is enclosed as Annexure IV
8 Authorization/Membership for the disposal of liquid effluent in CETP and solid/hazardous waste in TSDF, if any.
Copy is enclosed as Annexure IV
9 Action plan for utilization of MEE/dryers salts MEE salts are sent to TSDF 10 Material Safety Data Sheet for all the Chemicals
are being used/will be used All hazardous chemicals based on MSDS were classified and addressed in the risk assessment in chapter 7
11 Authorization/Membership for the disposal of solid/hazardous waste in TSDF
Copy of TSDF Agreement is enclosed as Annexure IV
12 Details of incinerator if to be installed. NA
13 Risk assessment for storage and handling of hazardous chemicals/solvents. Action plan for handling & safety system to be incorporated
Included in chapter 7 of EIA
14 Arrangements for ensuring health and safety of workers engaged in handling of toxic materials.
Included in chapter 10 of EIA
Additional TOR 1 Public hearing to be conducted and issues raised
and commitments made by the project proponent on the same should be included in EIA/EMP Report in the form of tabular chart with financial budget for complying with the commitments made.
The unit is located in IDA Thumukunta Industrial area hence public hearing is exempted.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
1-1
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Ltd. is located at Plot. No. 165 to 182 APIIC, IDA
Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M) Anantapur (D), Andhra Pradesh state. . RL
Fine Chem Private Ltd was established in the year 2002. Due to market
demand, it is proposed to expand the production capacity of the plant from
the current 7.2 TPM to 48.6 TPM using existing infrastructure. As adequate
infrastructure is in existence at the plant, it is proposed to augment utilities
and environmental infrastructure. Total Cost of the proposed expansion
Project is Rs. 3.0 Crores out of this an investment of Rs. 1.5 Crores is
proposed to invest on environmental infrastructure in addition to Rs. 1.0
crores already invested. The land area of the plant is 4.32 Acres
Location of the Plant
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Ltd. is located at Plot. No. 165 to 182 APIIC, IDA
Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M) Anantapur (D), Andhra Pradesh state. The
site is in between the following geological coordinates
N130 43’32.9’’ 770 30’21.3’’ E
N130 43’32.9’’ 770 30’19.2’’ E
N130 43’36.4’’ 770 30’19.0’’ E
N130 43’36.5’’ 770 30’21.6’’ E
N130 43’39.4’’ 770 30’19.0’’ E
N130 43’39.6’’ 770 30’21.6’’ E
The site is surrounded by other Industries of IDA Thumukunta. Varahi
Pharma is on the North side, Sadguru industries is on the south, Wipro and
APIIC Land is on the East and Aditya Green industries and PVM Construction
is located on the western side of the industry.
�There are No Reserve Forests within 10 KM radius from the site.
�Nearest village is Thumukunta is at about 0.73 KM in the west direction
from the site with a population of 2417 people.
�Rain fed water tank is at about 0.8 KM distance in the North Direction of
the site and penna river is at a distance of 2.2 Km.
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
1-2
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
� Karnataka State border is at a distance of 1.2 Km from the site.
�Nearly 36 large and 100 medium scale industries are working in the
Surrounding area.
�There are 87 villages/towns in the study area, covering – two states of
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka with a total population of 2,53,471 as per
the 2011 census. Out of this 48 villages are in state of Karnataka with
population of 52,249 and 39 villages in the state of Andhra Pradesh with
total population of 2,01,222.
�There is Government High school in Thumukunta village at a distance of
1.72 Km from the site. The PHC center is located in Santhebidanur
village at distance of 2.8 km from the site.
�There is primary school in the village of Thumukunta
�Hindupur town is at a distance of 9.6 Km from the site with a population
of 1,51,677 with many government and private educational institutions
and hospitals.
Road Connectivity
The major access road for the project is a service road connected to State
highway SH-9.
Land Requirement for the project:
The total area of the plant is 4.32 Acres. Out of which 1.24 Acres of green
belt is developed and additional 0.18 Acres is proposed to be developed.
The land requirement for proposed expansion activities will be 1000 Square
meters which can be met from existing open area.
Product Profile
The proposed products & capacities are presented in the following table.
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List of Products Proposed With Production Capacity
S.No Name of the Products Quantity in
Kgs/day
Quantity in
TPM
API’s
1 Nortrytyline HCl 37.33 1.12
2 Desipramine HCl 4.33 0.13
3 Cyproheptadine HCl 3.00 0.09
4 Pitofenone HCl 3.04 0.09
5 Pyrimethamine 2.22 0.07
6 Cyclobenzaprine HCl 3.96 0.12
7 Clomipramine HCl 2.67 0.08
8 Chloropromazine HCl 5.25 0.16
9 Doxlamine Succinate 4.79 0.14
10 Trimipramine Maleate 2.06 0.06
11 Flupentixol HCl 1.11 0.03
12 Melitracen HCl 1.64 0.05
13 Carbinoxamine Maleate 2.92 0.09
14 Opipramol HCL 1.50 0.05
15 Sulfadoxine 8.33 0.25
16 Doxiepin HCl 1.56 0.05
17 Dothiepin HCl 4.097 0.12
18 Flunarazine HCl 2.39 0.07
19 Duloxetine HCl 3.33 0.10
20 Dapoxetine HCl 1.67 0.05
21 Desvenlafaxine HCl 2.11 0.06
22 Trihexyphenaldyl HCl 3.33 0.10
23 Tramadol HCl 9.00 0.27
24 Sulfamethoxy Pyrazine HCl 2.08 0.06
25 Buclazine HCl 2.50 0.08
26 Meclazine HCl 2.28 0.07
Total (API's) 118.50 3.55
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Drug Intermediates
1 Orphenadrine base 266.67 8.00
2 Carbamezapine 66.67 2.00
3 Hydroxy dimethyl dibenzyl Intermediate 20.00 0.60
4 Piperidine propiophenone 33.33 1.00
5 Cinnarizine crude 66.67 2.00
6 Doxiepinone 20.00 0.60
7 Ditheipinone 33.33 1.00
8 Methoxy Dichloro Pyrimidine 66.67 2.00
9 P- t- Butyl benzyl chloride 33.33 1.00
10 Chloro Acetyl benzo phenone 50.00 1.50
11
Chloro ethyl piperidino
Hydrochloride 33.33 1.00
12 Dibenzo suberone 266.67 8.00
13
Hydroxy dimethyl amino
thiophene 16.67 0.50
14 ChloroImino di benzyl 100.00 3.00
15 Benzophenone methyl ester 33.33 1.00
16 2-Amino Nitro Benzo Phenone 26.67 0.80
17 Dimethylamino cyclo hexanone 83.33 2.50
18 Bromo anisole 83.33 2.50
19 Chloro Pheno thiazine 66.67 2.00
20 Iso propyl propionate ( Ester) 33.33 1.00
21 Di Methyl amino propyl chloride 100.00 3.00
Total Intermediates 1500.00 45.00
Total API's + Intermediates 1618.50 48.6
By- Products
1 Sodium chloride 9.59 0.3
2 Ammonium chloride 22.9 0.7
3 Spent Acid 270.41 8.1
4 Ammonium Phosphate 67.65 2.0
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5 Sodium Acetate 35.27 1.1
Water Requirement and Water Balance
The water requirement for various purposes is mentioned in the table below.
Water will be procured from APIIC Water supply
Water Balance–Current & Proposed
S.
No Stream
Water
requirement in KLD
Waste Water
discharge in KLD
Method of
Treatment and Disposal
Curre
nt
After
Expansion
Curre
nt
After
Expansion
1 Process 2.5 14.4 1.25 15.2 Stripper, MEE and
ATFD (condensate to RO)
2 Washings -High TDS
- 3.0 3.0
Washings-
Low TDS
- 3.5 - 3.5 ETP Followed by RO
(RO Reject to MEE)
3 Scrubbers - 1.0 - 1.0 Stripper, MEE and ATFD (condensate
to RO)
4 Boiler Feed 0.3 20.0 0.5 1.5 ETP Followed by RO (RO Reject to MEE)
5 Cooling tower
1.15 15.0 0.75 1.5
6 DM/Softener back washes
- 2.0 - 2.0
7 Domestic 0.85 4.0 0.65 3.2
8 Gardening - 5.0 - -
Total 4.8 67.9 3.15 30.9
*Actual water requirement for boiler for 2 X 2 TPH Boiler is 96.0 KLD. Out of
this 74.5 KLD of condensates would be recycled back & 1.5 KLD would be
blow down water. Hence fresh water requirements would be 20.0 KLD.
** It is make up water for losses. The total circulation water in the system
would be 75 M3/day
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It is proposed to treat the effluents in ZLD (Zero Liquid Discharge) plant and
re-use to the maximum extent. It is proposed to recycle 28 KLD of water
from Effluent treatment facilities and fresh water requirement will be
reduced to 39.9 KLD.
Baseline Environmental Data
The baseline data for ambient quality, surface and ground water quality,
noise and soil quality collected and analyzed for various parameters during
October to December 2016. The analysis results show that the values are
within the prescribed limits for air quality. The water quality of the area is
found to be above limits for some parameters.
Identification and Quantification of Impacts
The sources of pollution in the proposed project are Air emissions from
utilities, liquid effluents from process, utilities and domestic sources, solid
waste from process and utilities and noise pollution from utilities and
process equipment. The impact assessment report identified various sources
of pollution and quantified the pollution loads and has identified the
technologies to be adopted for the mitigation and control of the same
Impacts of air Quality
The additional impacts of air quality due to the proposed project are from
the 1x 2 TPH Briquette fired boiler, 1 lakh K cal/hr Thermic fluid heater &
DG set of 1 X 250 KVA. The impacts are quantified using ISC- AERMOD
model based on ISCST3 Algorithm. The results indicate marginal increase in
the ambient air quality parameters and the predicted concentrations are
within the prescribed limits of CPCB for 24 hours concentrations
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Cumulative Concentrations at Various locations in 10 KM radius
Location Direct
ion
Dista
nce
Base Line Predicted 24 Hr GLC Cumulative
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox
Project Site -- -- 88.20 41.2 16.3 22.6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.20 41.20 16.30 22.60
Thumukunta W 0.8
Km 86.30 34.2 14.6 21.6 0.27 0.09 0.52 0.44 86.57 34.29 15.12 22.04
Appala kunta NW 3.0
Km 67.30 30.4 12.2 20.3 1.27 0.52 1.67 1.60 68.57 30.92 13.87 21.90
Gollapuram E 2.1
Km 77.40 30.4 12.4 20.1 0.25 0.09 0.49 0.41 77.65 30.49 12.89 20.51
Hunasenahalli NE 3.7
Km 68.4 30.1 13.5 21.7 0.13 0.05 0.23 0.20 68.53 30.15 13.73 21.90
Yekaralahalli W 5.8
Km 61.3 28.4 11.3 20.4 0.48 0.17 0.46 0.49 61.78 28.57 11.76 20.89
Huchodanahalli SE 4.1Km 68.4 28.4 12.1 19.3 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03 68.43 28.41 12.13 19.33
Gowdasandra S 5.8
Km 69.2 32.6 10.2 20.3 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.05 69.26 32.62 10.25 20.35
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Impacts on water resources
The required water is going to be procured from APIIC Water Supply. The
effluents generated from the process and washings contain high COD and TDS
values which may cause ground water pollution if they are untreated and
disposed. It is proposed to adopt “Zero Liquid discharge” to treat and re-use
all effluents. Also additional measures are suggested to check the quality of
storm water before discharge outside to avoid any plant level contamination.
All the storage tanks of effluents will be constructed above ground tanks
Impacts on Noise quality: The noise levels may increase due to the motors,
compressors, DG set and other activity. However the impact is limited to
boundary of the company. Additional green belt proposed reduce the noise
impact on out side environment
Impacts on Soil
The solid waste generated from the process, from utilities and from effluent
treatment plant may have significant negative impacts if disposed
indiscriminately. Adequate safeguards are proposed in the EMP for proper
handling and disposal of the waste.
Impacts on Ecology
There are no endangered flora and fauna in the core area. Further it is
proposed to develop green belt area in 0.18 acres. Thus there will be positive
impact on the environment
Impacts on socio Economy
Employment generated is the major benefit of this project. As a policy the
management proposed to give priority to local youth for the recruitment. The
area which has low industrial density and sloe agricultural activity will have
positive benefits due to this project.
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Environmental Management Plan
Overall impact of the project on the surroundings, mitigation measures are outlined in below
Environmental
aspect
Proposed Sources Environmental Impacts Mitigation measures proposed
Air quality The additional impacts of
air quality are from the 2
TPH Briquette fired boiler,
1 Lakh Kcal/hr Thermic
fluid heater, DG set of
250 KVA capacities and
process emissions.
The results indicate
marginal increase in the
ambient air quality
parameters and the
predicted concentrations are
within the prescribed limits
of CPCB.
Cyclone separator is proposed for Boiler for
control of emissions. Adequate Stack height as
per CPCB norms is provided for Thermic fluid
heater and DG sets. Scrubbers are proposed
for process emissions.
Water
Environment
Total fresh water
requirement will be 39.9
KLD
Water is proposed to be
procured from APIIC water
supply.
The Effluents generated are treated using ZLD
techniques and reused to an extent of 28.0
KLD. Also it is proposed to acquire water from
APIIC water supply.
Water during rainy days will be tapped and
utilized.
Water conservation measures will be adopted
to optimize the water consumption.
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Waste Water
Generation
Total effluents generated
from the project is 30.9
KLD
Improper handling of
effluents can cause severe
water pollution in the area
The effluent treatment system is based on zero
liquid discharge plan. Effluents are segregated
into Low TDS and high TDS streams. The High
TDS Effluents are treated in Stripper, MEE and
ATFD. The condensate is sent to Bio ETP
followed by RO and RO rejects are sent to
MEE. Low TDS effluents are Treated in
biological ETP Followed by RO. Thus proposal
avoids any contamination of ground or surface
water in the area
Further ETP units would be proposed overhead
as far as possible to avoid any seepage of
water.
Water traps are suggested in ETP and MEE
areas to trap any waste overflows
Storm water catch pits proposed to check the
quality of storm water goes out from the
premises during rainy season
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Soil Environment Total effluents generated
from the project are 30.9
KLD. The Solid waste
generated from the
process and waste
treatment plant would be
40.7 TPM
Improper handling and
disposal of waste can cause
severe impact on soils
Segregation of wastes, proper collection and
storage of wastes and disposal of wastes to
land fill facility TSDF, Parawada. Incinerable
wastes proposed to be send to authorized
cement plants by state PCB for co-incineration.
Solvents are either re-used or disposed to
authorized recyclers after removal of solids
and color as per the state PCB guidelines
Proper Manifest system will be followed.
Noise
Environment
Motors, compressors, DG
sets are sources of noise
generation
Noise can impact outside
factory premises on
neighboring industries and
road users if not controlled
Acoustic enclosures are proposed for DG sets.
Motors/pumps/ Compressors are regularly
maintained
Ear Muffs and Ear plugs will be provided to
work force working in noise areas
Green belt development will have significant
impact on reduction of the noise
Flora & Fauna The study was carried out
in core area (project site)
and in buffer area i.e.
There are no significant
impacts. There are no Rare
or Endangered or Endemic
Out of total 4.32 Acres of land, green belt is
developed in an area of 1.24 Acres and
proposed to be developed in an area of 0.18
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10.0 km periphery from
the project site.
or Threatened (REET)
species of flora or fauna in
the project site or core area
Acres.
Socio Economic
Environment
Additional employment of
100 people
There is scope of multiplier
effect on secondary and
tertiary employment.
The socio economic structure will have a
positive change and quality of life would
improve due to increase in urbanization and
cosmopolitanism.
Occupational
Health & Safety
Handling of hazardous
and toxic chemicals
Direct exposure to the
chemicals or its raw
materials may affect the
health of the employees. If
escaped to environment due
to accidents can cause
health problems to people
outside
Personal protective equipment are provided to
all the employees working in the plant. The
following safety systems are provided Earthing
& Bonding for electrostatic hazards; Closed
arrangement for chemical transfer; Safety
interlocks for equipment; Pressure Relief
system & Rupture Discs for reactors, Earth Rite
system for road tanker loading and unloading;
Nitrogen blanketing system with breather
valve arrangement for all the bulk storage
tanks, FLP fittings at Flammable materials
handling areas proposed to avoid any
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accidents and direct exposure to work force
Annual health checkups are practiced to
employees working in chemical handling areas
to check any Impacts on health
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The management plan is drawn in consultation with the project proponents,
technical consultants after evaluating a number of technologies available for
mitigation and control of pollution.
The environmental management plan is drawn to address the impact
identified during construction which is temporary and the impacts identified
during operation stages & remedial measures are in corporate
Prevention, maintenance and operation of environment control
system
The pollution control equipment, effluent treatment systems and effluents will
be monitored periodically and will be checked for its performance and pro-
active maintenance will be adopted. The environmental monitoring results will
be evaluated to identify the problems/ under performance of the equipment.
Necessary steps will be taken to rectify the identified problems/defects. The
management agrees that the evaluation of the performance of pollution
control measures and occupational safety measures to arrive at their
efficiency and purposes to adopt new measures for efficient pollution control,
which will be regular exercise.
Transport systems
All the raw materials and finished products are transported by road. Sufficient
parking facilities are provided for vehicles loading and unloading of goods. As
the plant is located near the road there will not be any unauthorized shop or
settlements along the road connecting the plant site. There will be 50.0 truck
trips per month to the factory. The vehicles are provided with parking space
near gate, and traffic signs are placed in the battery limit. The drivers of the
vehicles will be provided with TREM cards and will be explained the measure
to be adopted during various emergencies.
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
The following measures are suggested for waste minimization; Reaction
optimization alternative use of non-toxic/less toxic solvents and catalysts that
would provide highest reaction yields, selection of reagents with lowest
toxicity. By products Sodium chloride, Ammonium chloride, spent acid,
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Ammonium phosphate and sodium acetate are recovered during manufacture
of products. Additionally the treated effluents are reused for cooling tower
makeup, first batch mother liquors are reused, solvents are recycled and
reused wherever possible, condensers are provided for storage tanks, reactors
etc. to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds.
Green Belt Development
Green belt is recommended as one of the major components of Environmental
Management Plan. The management emphasizes on development of green
belt to enhance environmental quality through; mitigation of fugitive
emissions, attenuation of noise levels, balancing eco-environment,
consumption of treated effluent, prevention of soil erosion, and creation of
aesthetic environment.
Post project monitoring in plant
Environmental monitoring for water, air, noise and solid waste quality shall be
conducted periodically either by the proponent or a third party, the frequency
of monitoring and the quality parameters shall be suggested by the Ministry of
Environment and Forests Government of India.
Environmental Management Cell
The Environmental Management Cell of the project shall be headed by the
plant manager, and shall be assisted by adequate supporting staff. Also
corporate environmental group will assist the plant in complying the
requirements and implementing Environmental Management Plan.
Budget for implementation of EMP:
A total of Rs. 1.5 Crores is proposed for implementation of EMP during
construction and operational phases of the project. A recurring expenditure of
Rs. 30.0 lakhs /annum is earmarked for implementation cost of EMP including
waste handling, disposal, environmental monitoring, green belt development,
storm water management, CSR activities etc.
CHAPTER-1
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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the Report
M/s. RL Fine Chem private Limited is located at Plot. No. 165 to 182 APIIC,
IDA Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M) Anantapur (D), Andhra Pradesh state. RL
Fine Chem Private Limited was established in the year 2002. As the unit is
Bulk drugs intermediates manufacturing unit, there is no EC requirement
under 1994 EIA Notification.
The unit was formerly in the names of M/s. Ray Pharma Located at Plot No.
174 and 175 APIIC, IDA Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M), Ananthapur (D) and
M/s. Ray International located at 172 and 173. Both the units are merged
together as RL Fine Chem private Limited in the year 2014.
The unit obtained CFE & CFO of the Andhra Pradesh State Pollution control
Board and its current CFO is issued vide Consent order No.
APPCB/KNL/KNL/16351/HO/CFO & HWA/2016 dated 30.07.2016 for
manufacturing drug intermediates with a total capacity of 240.0 Kgs/day. Copy
of Current CFO is enclosed as Annexure I.
The industry has applied for ToR to manufacture drug intermediates with a
capacity of 45.0 TPM and ToR is granted vide order no. J-11011/180/2016-IA
II (I) dated 23.9.2016 copy is enclosed as Annexure I.
As there are changes in product portfolio and unit proposed to manufacture
drugs and drug intermediates with a capacity of 48.6 TPM a fresh TOR was
applied & ToR was granted vide order no. J-11011/180/2016-IA II (I) dated
31.1.2018. As Standard ToR is issued with public consultation and as the unit
is located in Notified Industrial Area of IDA Thumukunta, public hearing is
exempted. Hence again an amendment for TOR for exemption of public
hearing was applied and our proposal was considered in the 36th EAC meeting
held during 24th to 26th April 2018 and public hearing is exempted for our unit.
Copy of Minutes of the meeting are enclosed as Annexure II
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The copy of notification of IDA Thumukunta as industrial Area dated 4.3.1995
is given at Annexure III
As per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification S.O.1533 on
14th Sept, 2006, issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
(MoEF & CC), Govt. of India, the proposed Bulk drugs & Intermediates
manufacturing facility is categorized as Category-A project, due to applicability
of general condition ie., the interstate boundary is 1.2 Km distance from the
site and comes under Schedule Sl. No. Item 5(f) which mandates obtaining
prior Environmental Clearance from MOEF & CC, Govt. of India.
EIA is carried out based on Model TOR issued by MOEF & CC. The task of
carrying out EIA study for the project site and preparing EIA study report was
entrusted to Pridhvi Envirotech Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad.
The study is conducted during October to December 2016 and the EIA study
report is prepared based on the primary base line data generated during the
study and secondary data collected from various sources and project
proponents.
1.2 Identification of the Project and Project Proponents
1.2.1 About Project
The proposed project is a brown field project located in notified
industrial area. Total area of the site is 4.32 Acres. The total
investment for proposed expansion project is Rs. 4.5 crores, out
of which Rs. 2.5 crores will be on plant and machinery and Rs.
2.0 crores is on Environmental infrastructure. It is proposed to
expand its capacity from the current 7.2 TPM to 48.6 TPM using existing
infrastructure.
1.2.2 About the Group
Founded in 1983, the Bangalore based R L Fine Chem Pvt. Ltd., is one of the
fastest growing research based pharmaceutical company in India. We are
having four manufacturing plants, out of which one is approved by USFDA,
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Japan Govt, AFMC, COFEPERIS and CEP. RLFC Has won the trust of more than
550 customers across 62 countries around the globe covering the US, Europe,
Latin America, Middle-East, Asia Pacific, Africa and CIS markets. The Group
with its associate companies R L Fine Chem, Ray Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Troy Life
Sciences has established a global reach. The Corporate Office, API
manufacturing plants and a modern R&D centre are situated in Bangalore,
India.
RL Fine Chem has served the industry with quality Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients (APIs) and Organic Intermediates.
An USFDA, PMDA, COFEPRIS, WHO GMP, CEP, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO
18001 approved plant exporting over 75% of its APIs across the Globe.
A dedicated team of scientists and technicians are at work relentlessly to
translate the in-house researches & innovations into globally acceptable bulk
drugs for numerous customers worldwide. While R&D is one of the core
competences of the company, the Group has grown from strength to
strength with excellent human resource, state of the art technologies and good
quality systems. Holding 8 Processes Patent & 1 Product Patent.
The Clientele of R L Fine Chem are in USA, Canada, Europe, Latin America,
Japan, South East Asia, Bangladesh and the Far East etc, speak for the its
Credential, Quality and Customer Services. In 2002 R L Fine Chem was
awarded the 'CHEMEXIL' award from the Export Council of India.
RL Fine Chem private limited will try to maintain safe and environment friendly
manufacturing facility by ensuring that all EHS requirements are integrated
with all business activities. With automated Fire Hydrant System and well-built
EHS team we are maintaining the safety attire. By sending all waste out puts
for recycling procedures and ZLD plant with dedicated supporting facility RLFC
is Building the hazard free ecosystem.
1.2.3 Environment Health and Safety Policy:
We, at R.L. Fine Chem Pvt. Ltd. are committed to conducting our business in
an ethically and socially responsible manner and in ways that respect the
environment
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1. Compliance
We will comply with all applicable local, state, and central government laws &
regulations with other requirements to which we subscribe that are relevant to
the environmental impacts and health & safety risks of our activities and
products. We will implement and maintain programs and procedures to assure
our compliance with such laws, regulations, and other requirements in our
business and encourage such compliance from those organizations with whom
we do business
2. Pollution Prevention
We will actively seek to prevent pollution before it is produced and to minimize
the impact on the environment by establishing environmental objectives and
targets aimed at improving our overall environmental performance. We will
consider environmental factors when we plan, purchase, or make operating
decisions
3. Safety on working
Implement safe work practices for handling, processing, storage and
transportation of incoming, in-process and finished products. Improve
occupational health standards by regular monitoring of work place
environment and employee health
4. Awareness
We will provide appropriate training to all employees to ensure their continuing
awareness of environmental, health and safety responsibilities
We shall take every possible care to prevent incidents which may result in
personal injury, ill health, property damage and impact to the environment or
community
5. Continual Improvement
We will evaluate and continually improve the effectiveness of our
environmental, health and safety management system through periodic audits,
management reviews, and by achieving our EHS objectives
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1.2.4 About Proponents
The front runner of Ray Group of Companies, a dynamic entrepreneur Mr.
Anjan K Roy started the operations in 1983 in Bangalore, South of India. Since
then the group has successfully transformed into a dominant player in the API
manufacturing sector and established itself as a reputed name in
Pharmaceutical Industry.
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited is incorporated to produce bulk drugs and
bulk drug intermediates with its Corporate Office at RLFC House, C-10, Ist
Cross, KSSIDC, Industrial Estate, Yelahanka New town, Bengaluru, Karnataka.
The proposed project site is located at APIIC, IDA Thumukunta Village,
Hindupur Mandal, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh State.
1.3 Need of the Project:
The Indian pharmaceutical industry is gearing itself to meet the challenges of
the post patent scenario. Between now and the year 2020, close to 150
blockbuster drugs will go off patent. At Present, the world market for the
generic drugs in US is $ 30 billion of this, the US accounts for US $ 12.3
billion, Western Europe for US $ 7.13 billion and Japan US $ 5.1 billion, the
remaining is accounted by large parts of Asia and Africa.
At current prices, the market value of total drugs going off patent by 2020
stands at US $ 100 billion (Rs. 4.5 lakh crores) The Indian pharmaceutical
industry is preparing itself to penetrate this segment. Hence the need for
expansion is felt by all the industries so that by the year 2020 they can be
ready to meet the challenges.
The Indian Pharmaceutical industry is growing at healthy growth of 12-15%.
Below graph shows the export growth of Drugs and pharmaceuticals in last 4
years
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FIGURE 1.1 EXPORT VALUES OF PHARMA PRODUCTS FROM INDIA
Source: Pharmaceutical Exports promotion council
1.4 Justification of the project
There are many reasons for the growth of this sector in Andhra Pradesh like:
� Good infrastructure
� Availability of skilled manpower
� Government’s positive attitude towards the industrialization
� Presence of Entrepreneurs with Pharma background in the state
RL Fine chem private Limited is in forefront in the last 20 years with excellent
customer base and markets. The demand for API’s and intermediates is
increasing every year and many new molecules are introduced by RL Fine
Chem private Limited for different global market. As existing infrastructure
facilities are sufficient to increase the production levels, the project is justified
in techno commercial point of view.
Keeping in view of the opportunities, RL Fine chem private Limited proposed to
expand the capacity
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1.5 Brief Description of the Project
1.5.1 Nature of the Project
Currently the unit is manufacturing Drug intermediates with a capacity of 7.2
TPM and now it is proposed to manufacture Bulk drugs and intermediates with
a capacity of 48.6 TPM. It is proposed to add additional manufacturing
facilities, utilities and effluents treatment infrastructure with an additional
investment of Rs. 4.5 Crores and out of this Rs. 2.0 Crores is allocated for
environmental infrastructure.
The project falls under category: 5(f) A, as per the Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Notification 14th Sept, 2006, and hence requires prior
environmental clearance from MOEF, Government of India
Salient features of the project is given in Table 1.1 below
Table 1.1
Salient Features of the Project
Location Plot No: 165 to 182 APIIC, IDA
Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M), Anantapur (D) Andhra Pradesh
Longitude and latitude N130 43’32.9’’ 770 30’21.3’’ E
N130 43’32.9’’ 770 30’19.2’’ E N130 43’36.4’’ 770 30’19.0’’ E
N130 43’36.5’’ 770 30’21.6’’ E N130 43’39.4’’ 770 30’19.0’’ E
N130 43’39.6’’ 770 30’21.6’’ E
Year of establishment 2002
Product category 5(f), Drugs & Drug Intermediates
Project category as per EIA notification
Category A (As the interstate boundary is within 5 Km radius)
Proposed Activity Capacity expansion from 7.2 TPM to 48.6 TPM
Total investment on the plant Current - Rs.2.0 Crores & Proposed –Rs.3.0 Crores, Total 5.0 Crores
Total Investment on
Environmental Infrastructure
Current- Rs. 1.0 Crores & Proposed–Rs.1.5
Crores, Total 2.5 Crores
Total area of the plant 4.32 Acres
Total area of green belt Current 1.24 Acres additional green belt proposed 0.18 acres and total is 1.42
acres
Water requirement Total Water requirement-67.9 KLD
Fresh water requirement-39.9 KLD Recycled water-28.0 KLD
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Source of water APIIC water supply
Nearest habitation and distance from the site
Thumukunta (V) at a distance of 0.73 Km from the site
Nearest surface water bodies Rain fed water body at distance of 0.8 Km
form the site Pennar river is at a distance of 2.20 Km
Nearest reserve forest There are no reserve forests in 10 Km radius from the site
Environmentally sensitive areas within 10 km radius
None
Any national parks, wild life
sanctuaries within 10 km radius
None
Nearest air port and distance Bangalore International Airport is 61.0 Kms from the plant site
Nearest railway station and distance
Devarapalli at distance of 0.7 Kms from the site
Distance from interstate Boundary
Karnataka state Border is at 1.2 KM from the site
1.6 Location of Project
The proposed Brown field project is located at Plot No. 165 to 182, APIIC, IDA
Thumukunta, Hindupur (M) Anantapur (D), Andhra Pradesh state.
1.6.1 List of Other Industries in the surrounding Area
S.No Name of the Industry
1 Wipro Ltd.
2 PVM Constructions
3 Varahi Pharma
4 Manasvi Pharma
5 Radha Krishna Steel Pvt. Ltd.
6 Aditya Green industries
7 Sadguru industries
1.7 Project Cost
The total cost of the proposed expansion project will be Rs. 3.0 Crores. Out of
which Rs.1.5 crores will be on plant and machinery and Rs. 1.5
crores is on Environmental infrastructure.
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1.8 Scope of EIA Studies
The scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as envisaged in the
terms of reference (TOR) for the RL Fine Chem Private Limited.
Terms of References
The project comes under category 5(f) of EIA Notification under
Synthetic Organic Chemicals. The unit is category A project and
comes under purview of Expert appraisal Committee, MOEF &CC,
New Delhi
As the project proponent was directed to prepare EIA report, as per
the standard terms of reference (TORS) through TOR No. J-
11011/180/2016-IA II (I) dated 31.1.2018 issued by the MOEF&CC, GoI,
available in the website, the EIA study was carried out during
October to December 2016, as per the standard TORs and previous
TOR issued in 2016
Methodology of studies
Reconnaissance survey of the region was carried out during the 2nd
week of September, 2016, and various sampling locations to
monitor environmental parameters have been identified.
Subsequently, monitoring has commenced for collection of data
based on standard TOR’s and specific TORs, on meteorology,
ambient air quality, surface and ground water quality, soil
characteristics, noise levels, flora and fauna at the specified
locations. The other studies such as socio-economic profile, land
use pattern etc. are based on Primary and secondary data collected
from various government agencies and validated through the
primary surveys. The ambient air quality monitoring locations have
been selected based on the meteorological data generated at India
Meteorological Department (IMD), Anantapur.
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Field team of M/s Lawn Enviro Associates, the environmental
laboratory associated with M/s. Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited,
worked in the study area during the months of October to
December 2016 and base line data for various environmental
components i.e., air, water, soil, noise and flora and fauna and
socio economic status of the people was collected in 10 km radius
from industry, to assess the existing environmental status as per
the guidelines specified by Ministry of Environment and Forest and
Climate Change (MOEF & CC), Government of India. This report
presents the results of Environmental Impact Assessment study
along with the Environmental Management Plan, necessary to
contain the observed environmental impacts of the proposed
Pharmaceutical manufacturing unit
Environmental impact assessment study involves three basic
components, ie, identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts.
Accordingly the detailed scope of EIA study is as follows;
� An intensive reconnaissance and preliminary collection of
environmental information to plan field study.
� Field studies to collect preliminary information, particularly on
the quality of the physical environment. Experienced scientists
and engineers will collect the data.
� Base line data generation and characterization of air, water,
soil, noise and vegetation in the ten kilometer radius area
(impact zone) over a period of Three months.
� A thorough study of the process including provisions for
pollution control, and environmental management that includes
prediction of impacts and relevant mathematical modeling.
� Preparation of Environmental monitoring program.
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� Preparation of Environmental Management plan suggesting
suitable methods for mitigating and controlling the pollution
levels.
1.9 Environmental sensitivities & significant impacts of the project
considered
� There are No Reserve Forests within 10 KM radius from the site.
� Nearest village is Thumukunta is at about 0.73 KM in the west direction
from the site with a population of 2417 people.
� Rain fed water tank is at about 0.8 KM distance in the North Direction of
the site and penna river is at a distance of 2.2 Km.
� Karnataka State border is at a distance of 1.2 Km from the site.
� Nearly 36 large and 100 medium scale industries are working in the
Surrounding area.
� There are 87 villages/towns in the study area, covering – two states of
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka with a total population of 2,53,471 as per
the 2011 census. Out of this 48 villages are in state of Karnataka with
population of 52,249 and 39 villages in the state of Andhra Pradesh with
total population of 2,01,222.
� There is Government High school in Thumukunta village at a distance of
1.72 Km from the site. The PHC center is located in Santhebidanur village
at distance of 2.8 km from the site.
� There is primary school in the village of Thumukunta
� Hindupur town is at a distance of 9.6 Km from the site with a population
of 1,51,677 with many government and private educational institutions
and hospitals
1.10 Policy, legal and administrative framework
This Section presents a review of the existing institutions and legislations
relevant to this project, at the National and the State Levels. Regulations
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concerning procedures and requirements that may directly concern the
project.
1.10.1 Institutional Setting for the Project
M/s. RL Fine Chem private Limited is located at Plot. No. 165 to 182 APIIC,
IDA Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M) Anantapur (D), Andhra Pradesh state. It is
a Bulk drugs & intermediates Manufacturing unit and proposed to expand the
capacity from current 7.2 TPM to 48.6 TPM.
1.10.2 Institutional Setting in the Environmental Context
The environmental regulations, legislation policy guidelines and control that
may impact this project, are the responsibility of a variety of government
agencies. In all, as discussed in the subsequent sections, the following
agencies would play important roles in this project.
1.10.3 Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF & CC)
The primary responsibility for administration and implementation of the
Government of India’s policy with respect to environmental management,
conservation, ecologically sustainable development and pollution control rests
with the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF &CC). MoEF & CC is the
agency primarily responsible for the review and approval of EIAs pursuant to
G.o.I Notification in September, 2006 and subsequent amendments
1.10.4 MoEF & CC Regional Offices
The Ministry of Environment and Forests Regional office in Chennai is
responsible for collection and furnishing of information relating to compliance
to conditions of Environmental clearance of projects, pollution control
measures, methodology and status, legal and environment measures and
environmental protection in special conservation areas such as wetlands,
mangroves and biological reserves.
1.10.5 State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB)
The Andhra Pradesh State Pollution Control Board play the role of
environmental management at the state level, which emphasis on air and
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water qualities. The project needs to obtain Consent for Establishment (CFE) &
Consent for Operation (CFO) before construction and during operational phase
of project. It enforces the waste water and air emission standards compliance
and other conditions of EC and CFE/CFO granted. It is also responsible for
granting of authorization under Hazardous Waste Management, Transboundary
movement Rules 1998
1.10.6 Departments of Environment and Forests (DOEF)
The department of Environment, Forests, Science and Technology performs
the functions in Andhra Pradesh.
1.10.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS OF THE PROJECT
The primary responsibility for administration and implementation of the GOI
policy with respect to conservation, ecologically sustainable development and
pollution control rests with the MoEF & CC. The MoEF & CC is responsible to
enforce the regulations established pursuant to the National Conservation
Strategy, National Forest Policy, the Policy for Abatement of Pollution (1992)
and the Indian Environmental Protection Act 1986, revised in 1994 and
amended subsequently in 1997
The SO 1533, dt. 14.9.2006 issued by the Ministry of Environment and
Forests, Government of India, identified Synthetic Organic Chemicals unit
including Bulk Drugs and Intermediate manufacturing unit as one of the
projects requiring clearance from the MoEF & CC. Therefore, the environmental
impact assessment (EIA) is a statutory requirement for RL Fine Chem Private
Limited to get Environmental clearance for their expansion activity
1.11 OTHER STATUTORY LICENSES/PERMISSION
1.11.1 Director of Factories & boilers
Under Factories Act 1948 as amended, the unit required to obtain clearance
for expansion activities and for construction of new production block and other
utilities. Also as the unit is handling & Storing hazardous chemicals like
solvents, they need to notify the storages under Manufacture, Storage, Import
and Handling of Hazardous chemicals rules 1989.
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1.11.2 Industrial Area Local Authority:
IALA functions as local body for granting of building permissions and provide
water supply to the unit. For expansion activity, M/S RL fine chem Private
limited need to obtain permission for building construction and to get water
supply
1.11.3 Chemical Accidents (Emergency planning, preparedness and
Response) rules 1996
Under the rules notified by the Government of India, the unit need to update
the district authorities on type and quantities of storage and handling of
chemicals and update on potential hazards from the unit and mitigation
measures put into place.
1.11.4 The Andhra Pradesh Fire & Emergency Services
The Fire Services Act 1999 came into force from 1.2.2001 to ensure fire safety
in erstwhile Andhra Pradesh State and render efficient service in fire protection
and fire prevention.
All hazardous process industries need to obtain NOC from the state fire &
Emergency services and maintain the infrastructure for handling any
emergencies
1.12 REQUIRED STATUTORY LICENSES AT A GLANCE:
The table gives the requirement & status of various applicable clearances for
the project and its current status.
S.NO Nodal Agency
License/NOC
/Approval
requirements
Current Status
1 Ministry of
Environment,
Forests & Climate
change
State Level EIA
Authority
Environmental
Clearance
Obtained TOR and this EIA report is
submitted for the grant of EC
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2 Industrial Area local
Authority
Lay out &
Building plan
approvals and
water supply
Will be applied once the EC is
cleared as EC is mandatory
requirement before issues of the
same
3 Director of
Factories
Permission of
expansion
activity and
approval of
building plans
Will apply once Environmental
clearance is issued
4 Andhra Pradesh
Fire Services and
Emergency Services
NOC for fire
safety
Will be applied once EC is cleared
by the MOEF & CC
5 Andhra Pradesh
State Pollution
Control Board
Water & Air Acts
Consent for
Establishment
Consent for
operation
Will be applied after getting
Environmental Clearance
Can be obtained once expansion
activity is ready for operation
6 Hazardous Waste
(Management &
transboundary
movement) Rules
1998
Authorization Will be obtained once expansion
activity is ready for operation.
Currently the unit is having valid
agreement from, Ramkey Coastal
Waste Management Project for
disposal of in organic waste and
MOU with Sri raghavendra
Corporation cement plants for
sending organic residues.
Industry applied for anticipated
higher quantity of in organic waste
to Land fill facility at
Visakhapatnam.
MOU from 1.6.2016 with Sri
raghavendra Corporation service
provider of Zuari cement plant for
use of organic waste
Copies of existing MOU’s and in
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principle acceptance of wastes after
expansion letter are submitted at
Annexure IV
1.13 STRUCTURE OF THE EIA REPORT
The report is organized in 12 chapters as follows
Chapter 1 is introduction chapter which highlights briefly about the project,
introduction to project proponents, nature & size of the project and its
importance & Scope of study.
Chapter 2 Outlines project description provides the complete description of
the proposed project of RL Fine Chem Private Limited. The details are
presented from the environmental perspective along with the salient features
such as land use, process adopted, water consumption and waste water
discharges, Hazardous wastes generation, resource requirement for the project
and current compliance levels of the unit.
Chapter 3 Discuss the study area, period, components & Methodology
adopted, base line data established and environmental components
Chapter 4 Discuss the details of investigated environmental impacts due to
project at various stages of development and operations. Also the chapter
outlines the measures for minimizing or off-setting adverse impacts identified
and mitigation measures
Chapter 5 Discuss the details of alternative technologies
Chapter 6 Discuss the details of environmental monitoring program,
frequencies & costs during implementation and operation
Chapter 7 Discuss the potential hazards and risks associated with project &
risk mitigation measures proposed and out lines disaster management plan
Chapter 8 Discuss the benefits from the project to various stake holders
Chapter 9 Discuss the Environmental Cost Benefit analysis (Not specified in
TOR in this case
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Chapter 10 Discuss detailed Environmental Management Plan which
addresses the measures to be adopted for effective environmental
conservation measures. It also gives estimated budget for implementation of
EMP, both capital investment and recurring costs
Chapter 11 gives the Summary & Conclusion and justification of
implementation of project
Chapter 12 Gives the Credentials of Pridhvi Envirotech, their accreditation
details and team which conducted the EIA studies.
CHAPTER-2
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CHAPTER -2
PROJECT IN DETIAL, RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS PROCESS &
TECHNOLOGY
2.1 Type of the project
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited is an existing Bulk Drug Intermediates
manufacturing unit located at Plot. No. 165 to 182, APIIC, IDA Thumukunta
(V), Hindupur (M), Ananthapur (D) Andhra pradesh state. As the existing
sanctioned production capacity is low and the plant is having enough spare
capacity to manufacture higher quantity of products and intends to
manufacture API’s, it is proposed to enhance the production capacity from
current level of 7.2 TPM to 48.6 TPM. It is proposed to add production
facilities, few utilities and environmental infrastructure facilities to enhance
the capacity of the plant.
2.2 Proposed products and capacities
It is proposed to manufacture 26 API’s & 21 intermediates after expansion
with total production level of 48.6 TPM. Table 2.1 gives list of products
proposed with quantity of production per month.
TABLE 2.1
List of Products Proposed With Quantity of Production
S.No Name of the Products Quantity in
Kgs/day Quantity in
TPM
API’s
1 Nortrytyline HCl 37.33 1.12
2 Desipramine HCl 4.33 0.13
3 Cyproheptadine HCl 3.00 0.09
4 Pitofenone HCl 3.04 0.09
5 Pyrimethamine 2.22 0.07
6 Cyclobenzaprine HCl 3.96 0.12
7 Clomipramine HCl 2.67 0.08
8 Chloropromazine HCl 5.25 0.16
9 Doxlamine Succinate 4.79 0.14
10 Trimipramine Maleate 2.06 0.06
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11 Flupentixol HCl 1.11 0.03
12 Melitracen HCl 1.64 0.05
13 Carbinoxamine Maleate 2.92 0.09
14 Opipramol HCL 1.50 0.05
15 Sulfadoxine 8.33 0.25
16 Doxiepin HCl 1.56 0.05
17 Dothiepin HCl 4.097 0.12
18 Flunarazine HCl 2.39 0.07
19 Duloxetine HCl 3.33 0.10
20 Dapoxetine HCl 1.67 0.05
21 Desvenlafaxine HCl 2.11 0.06
22 Trihexyphenaldyl HCl 3.33 0.10
23 Tramadol HCl 9.00 0.27
24 Sulfamethoxy Pyrazine HCl 2.08 0.06
25 Buclazine HCl 2.50 0.08
26 Meclazine HCl 2.28 0.07
Total (API's) 118.50 3.55
Drug Intermediates
1 Orphenadrine base 266.67 8.00
2 Carbamezapine 66.67 2.00
3 Hydroxy dimethyl dibenzyl Intermediate 20.00 0.60
4 Piperidine propiophenone 33.33 1.00
5 Cinnarizine crude 66.67 2.00
6 Doxiepinone 20.00 0.60
7 Ditheipinone 33.33 1.00
8 Methoxy Dichloro Pyrimidine 66.67 2.00
9 P- t- Butyl benzyl chloride 33.33 1.00
10 Chloro Acetyl benzo phenone 50.00 1.50
11 Chloro ethyl piperidino Hydrochloride 33.33 1.00
12 Dibenzo suberone 266.67 8.00
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13
Hydroxy dimethyl amino
thiophene 16.67 0.50
14 ChloroImino di benzyl 100.00 3.00
15 Benzophenone methyl ester 33.33 1.00
16 2-Amino Nitro Benzo Phenone 26.67 0.80
17 Dimethylamino cyclo hexanone 83.33 2.50
18 Bromo anisole 83.33 2.50
19 Chloro Pheno thiazine 66.67 2.00
20 Iso propyl propionate ( Ester) 33.33 1.00
21 Di Methyl amino propyl chloride 100.00 3.00
Total Intermediates 1500.00 45.00
Total API's + Intermediates 1618.50 48.6
By- Products
1 Sodium chloride 9.59 0.3
2 Ammonium chloride 22.9 0.7
3 Spent Acid 270.41 8.1
4 Ammonium Phosphate 67.65 2.0
5 Sodium Acetate 35.27 1.1
2.3 Details of Infrastructure proposed
Apart from the existing facilities it is proposed to add additional production
facilities, utilities and effluents treatment infrastructure with an additional
investment of Rs.2.5 Cores. The details are outlined in the below table.
Table 2.2
Production facilities/Utilities/ETP – Existing & Proposed
S.NO Details Capacity/
No Current Additions After
expansion
Production facilities
1 Production Blocks- - 4 1 5
Utilities
2 Boiler (briquette Fired) TPH 1 x 2 1x 2 4
3 Thermic fluid heater K cal/ hr 1.0
Lakh
1.0 Lakh 2.0
4 DG sets KVA 1 x 200 1 X 250 450
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5 Cooling tower TR 1X 100
2 x 120
1X100 440
( 4 Nos)
6 Softner/DM plant M3/day 1.0 2.0 3.0
7 Chilling plant TR 1 X
17.5
1 x 30 47.5
Effluent handling & treatment facilities
7 collection tanks-Storage
KL 2 X10 3 X 10 50
8 Neutralisation tanks KL 1 X 10, 1 x 20
1 X 5, 1 X 10
45
9 Stripper ,MEE,ATFD KLD 30 - 30
10 RO & Biological treatment
KLD - 50 50
2.4 Site Location and Surroundings
M/s RL Fine Chem private Limited is located at at Plot. No. 165 to 182
APIIC, IDA Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M) Anantapur (D), Andhra Pradesh
state. The site is located at the following geological coordinates
Latitude & Longitude
N130 43’32.9’’ 770 30’21.3’’ E
N130 43’32.9’’ 770 30’19.2’’ E
N130 43’36.4’’ 770 30’19.0’’ E N130 43’36.5’’ 770 30’21.6’’ E
N130 43’39.4’’ 770 30’19.0’’ E N130 43’39.6’’ 770 30’21.6’’ E The Total area of the plant is 4.32 Acres. The site is surrounded by Other
Industries of IDA Thumukunta. Varahi Pharma is on the North side, Sadguru
industries is on the south, Wipro and APIIC Land is on the East and Aditya
Green industries and PVM Construction is located on the western side of the
industry.
The nearest human settlement from the site is Thumukunta (v) located at
distance of 0.73 KM from the site. The nearest railway station Devarapalli is
located at a distance of 0.7 KM from the site. The nearest airport is located
at a distance of 61.0 KM at Bangalore. There are no Reserve Forests,
Ecologically Sensitive area like national parks, sanctuaries within 10 KM
radius.
Figure 2.1 shows the location map of the project site.
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Figure 2.2 shows the topographical features of 10 km radius
Figure 2.3 Shows the Base map of the study area
Figure 2.4 Shows the google map of the project site
Figure 2.5 Shows the photographs of the project site.
Fig 2.1 Location map of the site
India Ananthapur
Hindupur
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Fig 2.2 TOPO SHEET OF THE STUDY AREA
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Fig 2.3 Base map of the study area
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Fig 2.4 Google Map of the Project site
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Figure 2.5 Plant Photographs
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2.5 Road Connectivity
The project is located at Plot. No. 165 to 182, APIIC, IDA Thumukunta (V),
Hindupur (M), Ananthapur (D) which is connected by a service road to State
highway SH-9. This road is 2 lane roads with a capacity to carry traffic of
1500 PCU/Hour.
2.6 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation
The project is envisaged to be completed within one year after required
approvals are obtained and the production shall be initiated thereon.
2.7 Resource requirements
2.7.1 Land Requirement:
The unit currently has a total area of 4.32 Acres. Out of which 1.24 Acres of
green belt is developed and proposed to develop 0.18 Acres as green belt.
The land requirement for proposed expansion activities will be 0.24 Acres
which can be met from existing open area. Below table provides the land
statement.
Table 2.3 Land statement
S.NO Purpose Units Extent
1 Built up area Sq.M 11000
2 Green belt Sq.M 5000
3 Open area Sq.M 1500
Total Sq.M 17500
4 Area required for Proposed expansion Sq M 1000
Fig 2.6 gives the overall plant lay out after expansion.
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FIG 2.6 PLANT LAY OUT
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2.7.2 Water requirement:
The water requirement is met from APIIC. The requirement for water in this
unit is for process and domestic purposes. The water balance for daily
consumption is presented below. Table 2.4
Water Balance– Current & Proposed
S.
No Stream
Water requirement in
KLD
Waste Water discharge in KLD
Method of Treatment and
Disposal
Current
After Expansion
Current
After Expansion
1 Process 2.5 14.4 1.25 15.2 Stripper, MEE and ATFD (condensate
to RO)
2 Washings -High TDS
- 3.0 3.0
Washings- Low TDS
- 3.5 - 3.5 ETP Followed by RO (RO Reject to MEE)
3 Scrubbers - 1.0 - 1.0 Stripper, MEE and ATFD (condensate
to RO)
4 Boiler Feed 0.3 20.0 0.5 1.5 ETP Followed by RO (RO Reject to MEE)
5 Cooling
tower
1.15 15.0 0.75 1.5
6 DM/Softener
back washes
- 2.0 - 2.0
7 Domestic 0.85 4.0 0.65 3.2
8 Gardening - 5.0 - -
Total 4.8 67.9 3.15 30.9
*Actual water requirement for boiler for 2 X 2 TPH Boiler is 96.0 KLD. Out of
this 74.5 KLD of condensates would be recycled back & 1.5 KLD would be
blow down water. Hence fresh water requirements would be 20.0 KLD.
** It is make up water for losses. The total circulation water in the system
would be 75 M3/day
It is proposed to treat the effluents in ZLD (Zero Liquid Discharge) plant and
re-use to the maximum extent. It is proposed to recycle 28 KLD of water
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from Effluent treatment facilities and fresh water requirement will be
reduced to 39.9 KLD.
Table 2.5
Water Re-use and Fresh water requirement
Streams
Total
Quantity of
Effluents
KLD
Treatment Re-used/
Recycling
Process,
Washings &
Scrubbed
water
19.2 Stripper, MEE
and ATFD
(Condensate to
RO)
Condensate generated is
sent back to bio ETP & RO
System
Washings,
Utilities – Back
washes and
blow downs
and Domestic
11.7 ETP followed by
RO treatment
Along with condensate from
MEE and ATFD system, total
water treated would be 33.0
KLD in bio ETP and RO. Out
of this 28.0 KLD of permeate
is re-used for utilities and
rejects 5.0 KLD would be
send back to MEE system
2.7.2.1 Source of Water
Source of water is APIIC & recycled water
2.7.3 Power requirement
The total power requirement is about 500 KVA. It shall be sourced from
APCPDCL and D.G sets as alternative to Power failure.
2.7.4 Fuel Requirement:
Currently the unit established and operating 2.0 TPH Briquette fired boiler.
It is now proposed to install 2.0 TPH Briquette fired Boiler. Total fuel
requirement will be around 4.0 TPD.
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For back DG sets and Thermic fluid heaters, the fuel requirements would be
about 100 Liters/hour. As it is considered only for back up during power
shut down
2.7.5 Raw Material Requirement
Raw materials used in products are various chemicals, chemical
intermediates, solvents, purification agents like activated carbon and
catalysts. Raw materials are procured from indigenous source and
transported through trucks. Product wise raw material requirement is given
in process chemistry at the end of this chapter.
2.7.6 Solvent requirements and Recovery system
The industry proposes to manufacture synthetic organic chemicals (Bulk
Drugs & Drugs Intermediates), which require solvents during various unit
processes. The unit intends to use various solvents. The spent solvents
generated during the manufacturing process will be recovered by way of
distillation and reused in the process. The process of the solvent recovery
system is described hereunder;
After the completion of the reaction, the spent solvent/mother liquor will be
separated by centrifuge and pumped to distillation reactor. It will be
subjected to distillation to separate and recover solvent.
� Firstly, the mass will be distilled at required temperature where pure
solvents will be distilled out depending on their boiler points and it will
be collected in the recovered solvent storage tank and reused in the
process and then residue will be sent to TSDF site for the disposal by
incineration.
� Vaccum will also be applied during distillation.
� The overall requirements for the solvents based on Material balance of
each product have been worked out which is given in Table 2.6. The
schematic diagram of the solvent recovery system is shown in the
Figure 2.8.
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
2-15 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Table 2.6
Solvents usage recovery and loses.
S.No Solvent Name Usage
Kgs/day
Recovery
Kgs per day
Total Loss Kgs per day
1 Acetone 1037.2 974.9 62.3
2 Chlorobenzene 317.0 291.6 25.4
3 DMF 38.6 35.6 3.0
4 DMSO 6.6 6.1 0.6
5 Ethyl acetate 51.0 46.9 4.1
6 IPA 16.5 15.7 0.8
7 Methanol* 4563.2 4284.0 277.0
8 Mono ethylene glycol 833.5 771.8 61.7
9 n- Butanol 158.0 151.5 6.5
10 THF 27.1 25.7 1.4
11 Toluene 4740.9 4432.3 308.0
12 Xylene 588.0 558.6 29.4
Total 12377.6 11594.6 780.1
*Consumed in reaction
Table 2.7
Solvent Balance
S.NO Details Quantity in (TPD)
1 Total solvent requirement 12377.6
2 Solvents Loss in Effluent 36.76
Fugitive Loss 731.35
Loss in residue 11.96
Solvents consumed in reaction 2.93
3 Recovered solvents 11594.6
Solvent re-use
1 Re-usable solvents in process 8116.2
2 Solvents sent to Downstream
Industries
3478.4
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
2-16 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Figure 2.7 Schematic diagram of the solvent recovery system
2.7.7 Man power requirement
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited is providing employment currently to 80
people (60 on rolls and 20 as contract workers). An additional employment
of 100 (70 on rolls and 30 as contract workers) people is expected to be
added for the proposed expansion. Thus the total work force after expansion
would be 180 people.
2.8 Manufacturing process
The process with chemical reaction and flow chart with material balance for
each of the product is given below product wise. Also consolidated pollution
load generated from each product is given for each product is given at the
end of this chapter.
2.9 Environmental Impacts and control systems
2.9.1 Waste water generation
The waste water generation is from process utilities and domestic purposes.
Below table summarizes section wise generation of waste and mode of
treatment
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2-17 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
TABLE 2.8
Waste water generation and mode of treatment
S.
No Stream
Discharge in
KLD
Mode of treatment
proposed
1 Process 15.2
Stripper, MEE and ATFD
(condensate to RO)
2 Washings High TDS 3.0 Stripper, MEE and ATFD
(condensate to RO)
Washings Low TDS 3.5 ETP Followed by RO ( RO
Reject to MEE)
3 Scrubbers 1.0 Stripper, MEE and ATFD (condensate to RO)
4 Boiler 1.5 ETP Followed by RO ( RO
Reject to MEE)
5 Cooling tower 1.5 ETP Followed by RO ( RO Reject to MEE)
6 DM softner 2.0 ETP Followed by RO ( RO Reject to MEE)
8 Domestic 3.2 ETP Followed by RO ( RO
Reject to MEE)
9 Gardening --
Total 30.9
2.9.2 Water Pollution and Treatment Scheme
The effluents generated in the process, separation techniques and during
purification contain organic residues of raw materials, solvents, and
products. Some of the raw materials used in the process are also inorganic
in nature. Hence the effluents contain both organic and in-organics in
various quantities leading to high COD and TDS levels respectively. The
quantity of effluents generated from process is presented in table 2.8 and
Total quantity of Effluent generated from all other sources is presented in
Table 2.10.
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2-18 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Table 2.9
Effluent Generated from Process and Characteristics
S.
No Product
Effluent
quantity
in
Liter/day
COD-
Kg/day
TDS
Kg/day
COD
mg/l TDS mg/l
1 Nortrytyline HCl 560.85 0.00 8.31 0.0 14820.4
2 Desipramine HCl 38.43 0.71 1.48 18430.2 38595.0
3 Cyproheptadine
HCl 24.06 0.47 0.64 19630.5 26789.8
4 Pitofenone HCl 5.78 0.00 0.78 0.0 135446.7
5 Pyrimethamine 17.53 1.67 0.00 95057.0 0.0
6 Cyclobenzaprine
HCl 17.36 0.00 2.08 0.0 120000.0
7 Clomipramine
HCl 9.65 0.00 0.48 0.0 50086.4
8 Chloropromazine
HCl 19.87 0.00 1.53 0.0 77181.2
9 Doxlamine Succinate 25.57 0.17 1.89 6789.8 73872.9
10 Trimipramine
Maleate 6.44 0.03 0.32 4310.3 50000.0
11 Flupentixol HCl 20.12 0.21 0.60 10352.0 29675.6
12 Melitracen HCl 6.90 0.04 0.78 6033.8 112630.7
13 Carbinoxamine
Maleate 9.80 0.00 0.63 0.0 64625.9
14 Opipramol HCL 17.69 0.04 0.75 2173.9 42608.7
15 Sulfadoxine 99.47 0.35 2.11 3490.6 21223.1
16 Doxiepin HCl 6.94 1.25 0.33 180000.0 48000.0
17 Dothiepin HCl 17.39 0.07 2.08 3993.6 119808.3
18 Flunarazine HCl 17.32 0.03 1.06 1604.1 60956.0
19 Duloxetine HCl 38.51 0.06 1.82 1442.6 47316.8
20 Dapoxetine HCl 54.03 0.35 0.56 6426.7 10282.8
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2-19 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
21 Desvenlafaxine
HCl 8.86 0.07 0.50 7837.0 56426.3
22 Trihexyphenaldyl
HCl 19.86 0.06 0.94 2798.0 47565.8
23 Tramadol HCl 77.60 1.08 0.50 13960.5 6443.3
24 Sulfamethoxy
Pyrazine HCl 16.83 0.04 0.15 2475.2 8910.9
25 Buclazine HCl 6.54 0.03 0.42 4244.5 64516.1
26 Meclazine HCl 6.55 0.04 0.42 6361.3 64461.4
27 ORPHENADRINE
BASE 1217.67 83.33 0.00 68436.9 0.0
28 CARBAMEZAPINE 300.00 9.26 0.00 30864.2 0.0
29
Hydroxy dimethyl
dibenzyl
Intermediate 104.71 2.22 13.33 21222.4 127334.5
30 Piperidine
propiophenone 83.33 2.78 0.00 33333.3 0.0
31 Cinnarizine crude 426.67 0.00 11.72 0.0 27462.1
32 Doxiepinone 208.51 3.85 0.00 18445.6 0.0
33 Ditheipinone 331.54 8.54 0.00 25747.9 0.0
34 Methoxy Dichloro
Pyrimidine 487.74 105.38 0.00 216049.4 0.0
35 P- t- Butyl benzyl
chloride 109.07 5.09 0.00 46689.3 0.0
36 Chloro Acetyl
benzo phenone 166.89 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0
37
Chloro ethyl piperidino
Hydrochloride 196.08 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0
38 Dibenzo
suberone 6885.00 0.00 126.67 0.0 18397.5
39
Hydroxy dimethyl amino
thiophene 108.38 13.89 0.00 128145.4 0.0
40 ChloroImino di
benzyl 1953.53 95.59 100.00 48931.0 51189.4
41 Benzophenone methyl ester 170.72 0.00 20.58 0.0 120543.3
42 2-Amino Nitro Benzo Phenone 284.27 0.00 17.60 0.0 61913.7
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2-20 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
43 Dimethylamino cyclo hexanone 200.00 0.95 0.00 4734.8 0.0
44 Bromo anisole 347.47 33.48 43.75 96359.7 125910.1
45 Chloro Pheno
thiazine 343.17 3.97 18.41 11563.4 53654.0
46
Iso propyl
propionate ( Ester) 55.43 21.20 0.00 382352.9 0.0
47 Di methyl amine propyl chloride 107.45 9.31 27.39 86633.7 254950.5
Total 15237.6 405.58 410.65
Table 2.10
Quantity of Effluents
S.
No Description
Effluent in
KLD
1 Process 15.2
2 Washings High TDS 3.0
Washings Low TDS 3.5
3 Scrubber 1.0
4 Boiler 1.5
5 Cooling Towers 1.5
6 DM/Softner 2.0
8 Domestic 3.2
Total 30.9
Table 2.11
High TDS and COD Effluent – Characteristics
Description Quantity (KLD) Characteristics
(in mg/lit)
Process 15.2
COD: 26617
TDS: 26950
Washings High TDS & 4.0 COD: 5000
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2-21 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Scrubber TDS:10000
Total 19.2 COD: 22166
TDS:23471
Table 2.12
Low TDS and low COD Effluent – Characteristics
Description Quantity
(KLD)
Characteristics in
mg/lit
Washings 3.5
COD : 1500
TDS : 2000
Boiler 1.5
COD : 450
TDS :3000
Cooling Towers 1.5
COD : 350
TDS :2500
DM/Softner Back Wash 2.0
COD : 100
TDS : 2500
Domestic 3.2 COD : 450
TDS :1500
Condensate from MEE & ATFD
(15.9 KLD from MEE + 4.6 KLD
steam condensates mixed)
20.5
COD : 2500
TDS : 800
Total 32.2 COD: 1842
TDS: 1279
2.9.3 Effluent Treatment
The main sources of effluent from the plant are process, washings,
Scrubbers, blow downs from utilities like cooling tower, boiler &domestic
effluents. The process effluents are segregated on the basis on TDS and
COD loads into high TDS, COD stream and low TDS and COD stream and
low TDS and COD Stream. It is proposed to establish MEE, Stripper and
ATFD with a capacity of 100 KLD. The effluent treatment system is based on
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2-22 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
zero liquid discharge plan. The details of current & proposed treatment
system are as follows;
Table 2.13
Waste water treatment Facilities Existing & Proposed
Description Existing Proposed After
expansion
Stripper 1 x 25 KLD - 25 KLD
MEE 1 x 30 KLD - 30 KLD
ATFD 1 X 10 TPD - 10 TPD
RO & Biological
ETP
- 1 X 50 KLD 50 KLD
2.9.4 ETP for High TDS Effluent Treatment System:
Effluent Process and washings are equalized in equalization tank followed by
neutralization. The neutralized effluents are sent to stripper to remove the
(volatile organic solvents present in the wastewater) organics. The distillate
from the stripper upon further fractionation or enrichment of solvent is sent
to cement industries/ TSDF for Co- processing or incineration or sold as
mixed recovered solvent to down-stream industries. The stripped effluents
are passed through MEE followed by ATFD. The salts from the ATFD are
disposed to TSDF. The condensate from MEE and ATFD will be sent to ETP
(Biological) for further treatment.
The design details for the proposed ETP are given below
Data for Design : Stripper
Designed Capacity : 25 m3/day
Average Flow : 20 m3/day
COD : 22166 mg/l
TDS : 23471 mg/l
COD load : 425.6 Kg/day
TDS : 450.7 Kg/day
Equalization & Used for process & washes,
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Neutralization Tank and scrubber
Average flow : 0.833 m3/hr
Hydraulic retention
time
: 12 Hrs.at peak flow
Volume : 10 m3
Tank : Above the ground RCC tank 2.5 x 2.0 x
2.0 M size with two compartments
One compartment receives water and
other compartment will be used to
neutralize the effluents
Stripper
The effluents contain wastes, which contribute to both the organic
and inorganic loads, hence stripping technology has been identified
to segregate the organic component of the wastes to reduce the
COD. The condensate from the stripper shall be sent to incinerator,
while the residue collected from the incinerator shall be sent to
TSDF. The concentrate from the stripper fed to Multiple effect
Evaporator (MEE)
Feed designed : 25 m3 /day
Feed actual : 20 M3/day
Average flow : 0.833 M3/hr
COD : 22166 mg/l
Feed Temperature : 350 C
LP Steam : 1.0 Kg/hr
Height of Stripper
column (packed
section)
: 10.0 m estimated
Stripped product from
bottom( 86%)
: 17.2 M3/day
Top distillate (14%) : 2.8 M3/day
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2-24 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Top Distillate in
Weight ( Specific
gravity of 1.2
considered)
3.36 TPD
Steam addition 1.0 TPD
Total distillate waste
generated
4.36 TPD
Method of disposal of
Distillate
Disposed as mixed solvent
COD removal
efficiency
: 95%
Multiple effect Evaporator
The proposed Multiple effect evaporators(MEE) system will be a
quadruplicate effect evaporator. Effluent from the stripper column
will be fed to MEE calendrias. The system operates under vacuum.
The effluent is separated into condensate and concentrate.
Condensate is further treated in biological treatment plant .The
system consists of aeration tanks, clarifiers, RO and biological
oxidation tank. Rejects from RO fed back to MEE, whereas
concentrate from MEE fed to ATFD. The salts generated would be
sent to TSDF. RO Reject is estimated at 5.0 KLD. Thus the total feed
to MEE system would be 20-2.8+5 = 22.2 KLD
Design capacity (@ 18
hours of working
basis)
: 30 m3/day
Average flow ( on 18
hours working basis)
: 1.66 M3/hour
TDS Load from high
TDS stream
: 450.7 Kg/day
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2-25 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
TDS Load from Ro
Rejects
20.2 Kgs/day
Total load 470.9 Kg/day
TDS in Feed : 16939 mg/l (Overall TDS
concentration after RO rejects are
added to stream)
Feed Temperature to
calendrias
: 80oC
Utilities Required Cooling Towers
Specific Steam
Consumption
: 1.0
T/Hr
Typical (0.8 KGs of
steam/Kg of effluents)
LP Steam : 1.0 Kg/cm 2
Typical height of
Calendrias
: 14 M
Approximate rejects
from MEE ( 30%
concentration basis)
: 6.6 KLD send to ATFD for
further concentration
Approximate
condensate quantity
from MEE (70%)
: 15.9 KLD send to Bio treatment
Agitated Thin Film Dryer (ATFD)
ATFD is to convert the concentrated effluents from MEE to sludge
Design capacity : 10 TPD
Operating Capacity : 6.6 TPD
ATFD : 1 Nos.
Feed rate : 0.275 Tons/hr
Feed concentration : 30 % Solids
Solids generation with
4% moisture
: 82.5 Kg/hr (Sent to TSDF)
Solids M.C% : 4%
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2-26 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Condensate
generation
4.6 T/day
2.9.5 Low TDS Effluent Treatment System
The low TDS and COD effluents from boiler and cooling towers, back
washers from RO and DM Plant along with the condensate from MEE and
ATFD and domestic effluents are Proposed to be treated in biological
treatment plant (Extended aeration principle) followed by reverse osmosis.
The Biological system consists of screens, equalization, neutralization,
aeration tank and clarifier. The sludge from ETP, after dewatering in the
filter press will be disposed to TSDF. The filtrate is recycled to ETP for
further treatment. It is seen from the above arrangements that the
industry proposed for “zero liquid discharge”. Low TDS Effluent
Treatment System is presented in Fig 1.2.
Design Details:
Design inputs Data
Flow from MEE : 15.9 KLD
Flow from ATFD : 4.6 KLD
Washings Low TDS : 3.5
Boiler Blow down : 1.5 KLD
Cooling Tower Blow down : 1.5 KLD
DM/Softner/RO : 2.0 KLD
Domestic : 3.2 KLD
Total Flow : 32.2 Say 33 KLD
Design Capacity : 50 m3/day
COD : 1842 mg/l
Total Dissolved Solids : 1279 mg/l
COD load 59.3 Kg/day
Total dissolved Solids 41.2 Kg/day
1.Equalization Tank
Peak Flow ( Designed) : 2.08 m3/hr
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2-27 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Hydraulic retention time : 12 Hrs. at peak flow
Volume of the tank : 25 m3
Assuming depth : 2.5 M
Area : 10 m2
Length of the tank : 5.0 M
Width of the tank : 2.0 M
Air required for agitation : 0.01 m3/m2 min
Total air required : 6 m3/hr
Air blower required : 3 HP m3/[email protected]
2.Neutralization Tank
Designed flow : 50 M3/day
Average flow : 2.08 m3/hr
Hydraulic retention time : 12 Hrs.
Volume : 25 m3
Depth of tank : 2.5 M
Area : 10 M2
Tank : 2 no. Proposed
so that 1 can be
stand by
2x (5 x2x2.5 ) Meters
3. Primary clarifier
Design quantity : 50 KLD
Surface over flow rate : 12 m3/m2-day
Surface area Provided : 4.16 m2
Diameter of the tank : 1.32 M
Depth of the tank : 1.3 M
4. Aeration Tank
Actual Flow : 33 KLD
Designed flow : 50 KLD
COD Load : 59.3 Kg/day
Outlet COD Load (80%
removal efficiency)
: 11.9 Kg/day
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2-28 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
MLSS(MBBR Reactor) : 10000 mg/l
F/M ratio : 0.23
Flow Designed : 50 m3/day
Hydraulic retention time : 8 Hours
Volume of the tank : 20 m3
Assuming depth : 2.0 m(2.0+0.3 F.B)
Length of the tank : 5 M
Width of the Tank : 2 M
Oxygen required : 2.5 Kg/kg COD
Oxygen transfer efficiency : 20%
Air required : 592.5 Kg/day
Air Blower required : 5.0 HP Two blowers proposed
with one as stand by
5. Clarifier- 2
Design quantity : 50 KLD
Surface over flow rate : 12 m3/m2-day
Surface area required : 4.16 m2
Diameter of the tank : 1.3 Meter
Depth of the clarifier : 2.0 M
6. Holding tank
The flow from the each individual settling tank i,e the supernatant liquid is
let into the respective Pre-Filtration Tank, which has a minimum 8 hours
holding capacity. This tank is provided to hold the treated effluent and
give an even flow to the pressure sand filter.
Designed Flow : 50 m3/Day
Provide min 8.0 hours holding capacity
Hence required volume of
the tank
: 20 m3
7. Reverse Osmosis : Ro system consists of Sand filter, Carbon
filter, Ultra filtration and 3 pass RO
Design Capacity : 50 KLD
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Operating capacity : 33 KLD
Recovery : 28 KLD for re-use (85 %
recovery)
Reject & back washes 5.0 KLD To MEE
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2-30 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Fig 2.8: Effluent Treatment System Schematic diagram
Effluent from
Process and Aq. Distillate to cement plant/
Authorized recyclers
washings ,
Scrubber
RO Reject
To TSDF
Condensate to
Biological
Treatment
Condensate to Biological Treatment
Sludge to TSDF
Stripper Setting
Tank
Neutralization
Tank
Equalization
Tank
MEE
ATFD
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Fig 2.9 Low TDS Effluent Treatment System
Domestic effluent
Effluents from utilities & MEE condensate
Sludge to TSDF
Permeate for re-use
Rejects to MEE
Screen
Chamber
Sludge Holding
Tank
Aeration
Tank2
Equalization
Tank
Neutralization
Tank
Clarifier
2
Holding
Tank
Filter Press
Sludge Cake
Aeration
Tank1 Clarifier
1
Sand
filter
Carbon
Filter
Ultra
filtration RO
Screen
Chamber
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Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Figure 2.10 Photographs of Existing Multiple Effect Evaporators
2.10 Air Emission sources and control
The point sources of emissions from the project are boilers, DG sets Process
reactors and Fugitive emission sources are from material handling systems.
Table 2.14 below quantifies emissions different sources and Table 2.15
below quantifies emissions from process.
Table 2.14
Emission Details of Pollutants from Stack
S.
No
Stack
Connected
to
Stack
Ht
(m)
Fuel
Dia of
stack
at
top(m)
Temp.
of
exhaust
gases
(0C)
Exit
Velocity
(m/sec)
Emission Rate (g/sec)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
Existing
1
Boiler
1X 2.0
TPH
21 Briquettes 0.5 120 6.15 0.15 0.04 0.25 0.13
2 DG Set
1X200 KVA 3.0 Diesel 0.1 109 15.8 0.03 0.01 0.31 0.65
3
Thermic
fluid heater
-1 lakh
K.cal/hr.
10 Diesel 0.35 120 5.64 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02
Proposed
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Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
1 Boiler
1X 2.0 TPH 30 Briquettes 1.0 120 6 .17 0.16 0.05 0.23 0.12
2 1X250 KVA
4.0 Diesel 0.2 150 14.18 0.04 0.02 0.33 0.68
3
Thermic
fluid heater
-1 lakh
K.cal/hr.
10 Diesel 0.35 120 5.64 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02
1) DG sets are being used as standby power source only. (Average running
hours per day is about 2 Hours)
TABLE 2.15
PROCESS EMISSIONS
S.No Emissions Qty
Kgs/day Control system
1 H2 2.96 Safely let into the
atmosphere 2 CO2 95.25
3 SO2 21.08 Two Stage
Scrubber
Total 119.3
The process emissions contain SO2 emissions which are scrubbed. H2 and
CO2 are safely let into the atmosphere. All process reactors are connected
to vent condensers and scrubber. The scrubbed waste would go to MEE and
ATFD for evaporation along with other high TDS streams.
2.11 Hazardous wastes and Solid wastes Generation and Handling
Hazardous and non-hazardous wastes generated from the proposed
expansion project are detailed below. Mode of disposal are also identified
and listed. Adequate storage of hazardous waste is ensured at the site
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Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Table 2.16
Hazardous and Non-hazardous wastes & Disposal
S.No
Description
HW
Category No. as
per rules
Current
TPM After Expansion
TPM Disposal option
1 ETP Sludge 35.3 0.05 15.0
Sent to TSDF, Parawada
2 Inorganic salts 28.1 - 6.9
3 MEE Salts* 35.3 0.05 13.5
4 Distillation
bottom Residue
36.1
0.08
1.0
Authorized cement plants for co-
processing/ TSDF, Parawada
5 organic residue 28.1 2.8
6 Spent carbon 28.3 - 0.5
7 Off specification
products
28.4 - 1.0
Total 0.18 40.7
Hazardous wastes with Recycling option
8 Waste oil 5.1
35 LPA 100 LPA Authorized recyclers/ re-processors
9
Detoxified Container and container liners Of hazardous waste chemicals
33.1
- 100 Nos/ month
After complete detoxification it shall be disposed to the outside agencies
10 Used lead acid batteries
- -
4 Nos/ Annum
Authorized recyclers on buy back basis
11 Distillate from stripper
28.5
- 130.8 TPM
Authorized
recyclers after distillation
12 Spent solvents
28.6
- 1.5 TPM
To authorized recyclers/cement industries for co-Processing
13 Boiler Ash -
5.7 20.0 TPM Sold to brick manufacturers
*includes salt from MEE and neutralization salts
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2.12 Noise Pollution
Noise is anticipated from DG Sets. DG sets will be kept in separate rooms
with acoustic enclosures. Employees working in noise generating areas will
be provided with ear muffs.
The employees will be trained in the mitigation measures and personnel
protection measures to be taken to avoid noise related health impacts.
2.13 Bulk Storages of chemicals:
Storage of various chemicals for process requirement is required. Tank
forms are currently established in the plant. Adequate storage facilities are
in place for storage of raw materials, solvents, intermediates. Details are
presented in the following table.
Table 2.17
Bulk Chemicals Storages After expansion
Sr No
Name of the solvent
MOC
Above
/below
ground
No. of
tanks
Diame
ter (m)
Height
(m)
Total
Capacit
y
(KL)
Existing
1 Methanol MS Below ground
3 1.8 2.25 5
Methanol MS Below
ground
1 1.8 4.72 10
2 Toluene MS Above
ground 2 1.95 5.09
15
3 Sulphuric acid
MS Above ground
1 1.63 3.0 5
4 HCl PP Above
ground
2 1.63 2.65 12
Proposed
5 Acetone MS Below
ground 2 1.95 5.09 30
2.14 Current Compliance levels of the industry:
2.14.1 Previous Environmental Clearance
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited was established in the year 2002. As
the unit is drug intermediates manufacturing unit, there is no EC
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2-36
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
requirement under 1994 EIA Notification. The unit is operating under valid
consents of the State pollution Control Board.
2.15 Current Environmental control mechanisms & Gaps
As this is brown field project and going for expansion activity. It
is essential to assess the current scenario of environmental
impacts from the current operations and controls and to assess
the adequacy of current Environmental Management practices.
Below table summarizes the current scenario and suggested
improvements.
S.NO
Source Current control system
Current scenario
Suggested improvements
I Air Pollution
1 Boiler Cyclone
Separator
Currently 2
TPH boiler is installed and it is proposed to install a
new 2 TPH
Briquette fired Boiler.
Current system
is sufficient. Cyclone Separator is in place.
Briquette
Storage area housekeeping
needs improvement.
It is suggested to provide
water sprinklers near Ash Handling areas
2 DG sets – 1 X
200, 1 x 40, 1 X 250 KVA
Adequate
stack and Acoustic
enclosures
All the DG
sets are placed in
separate rooms and
adequate stack height is provided
None. Adequate
stack height is provided as per
the norms
3 Process
Emissions.
Two stage
scrubbers
3 two stage
scrubbers are
provided at the process
area.
It is suggested
to provide
scrubbers to all process
reactors.
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4 Fugitive
emissions
Chillers and
vent condensers
are provided for solvent
tanks
Fugitive
emissions of solvents are
observed in the plant
premises. Current
system is not adequate.
It is suggested
that all the vent lines are to be
connected with condensers and
receivers to condense and
collect the solvent vapors.
II Water Pollution
1 Process High TDS Effluents
Stripper, MEE and ATFD
Some leakages are
observed in the Pipelines. Corroded
structures are observed
in the MEE Area
It is suggested to prevent any
leakages in the pipelines. All corroded
structures are to be replaced.
ATFD salts collection and
storage area needs
improvement. It is suggested
to that effluent transfer lines from block level to ETP
shall be overhead.
2 Low TDS
Effluents
Stripper, MEE
and ATFD
Currently
Low TDs effluents are
not treated in ETP followed by RO
50 KLD ETP is
in proposed to handle Low
TDS Effluents.
2 Domestic waste water
Septic tank followed by
soak pit
Septic tank followed by
soak pit
50 KLD ETP is in proposed to
handle Low TDS Effluents
and domestic effluents.
Treated water is reused for gardening.
III Solid waste Management
1 Hazardous
wastes & Solid
Organic
wastes are
Currently the
unit does not
Suggested to
provide
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waste sent to
Authorized cement
plants for co-
processing/ TSDF.
Inorganic wastes are sent to
TSDF
have MOU
with cement Industries.
Solid waste storage shed
is provided.
dedicated place
for drums cleaning and
detoxification.
It is suggested to provide
drain for Leach ate collection from Solid
waste storage shed.
Solid waste storage shed
need to be expanded.
Suggested to take MOU from
Cement industries for disposal of co-processing
wastes. The took MOU from
Cement
Industries
IV Storm Water Management & Rain water harvesting
1 Storm water Currently few cement
drains
established for proper
flow of storm water
Not adequate It is suggested to upgrade
storm water
management in the company
wherever water logging is
reported in heavy rain period
2 Rain water
harvesting
2 rainwater
re-charge pits are
observed at
the site.
Rain water is
not adequately
re-charged
currently
Total storm
water anticipated is
estimated in
EIA report. It is proposed to
establish 7 re-charge structure in the company
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V Green Belt Development
1 Greenery Out of total 4.32 acres
green belt is developed
in about 1.24 acres
Current green belt is
not adequate and accounts
to 28.7 % of the total area.
It is suggested to develop
additional green belt in
an area of 0.18 Acres
VI Occupational Health and Safety
1. Personal
Protective equipment
Aprons,
Helmets, Shoes, nose masks are
provided to employees
working in Production
and raw material
handling areas
Enforcement
needs improvement
It is suggested
to conduct frequent training classes
to employees on wearing the
PPEs. MSDS Shall be
displayed in places of
handling of hazardous
chemicals.
2 Fire fighting equipment
Fire hydrant system and
Portable fire extinguisher
s are provided at
all vulnerable
points.
As per the Inspection
report of the fire
department, current
facilities are adequate
It is suggested to conduct
mock drill once in six months
3 Emergency siren
Siren for emergency
evacuation
Siren is provided in
production Block
It is suggested to conduct
mock drill once in six months
4 Ambulance 24 hour vehicle availability is there in
the plant to
meet any emergency
Adequate Adequate
5 Fire Tenders Nearest fire tender is
available at Ananthapur
Adequate. Water
storage sump at the plant is currently
Emergency numbers shall
be maintained by emergency controller.
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can hold 100
KL capacity
6 Health
Monitoring
Currently
Health monitoring
is done Annually
Adequate None
7 Occupational
Health center and first aid
facilities
First aid
facility is established
in the plant with
adequate trained staff
Adequate Periodic
training is required for in
house personal
8 Tie up with
Local Hospitals
Local
Government and private
nursing homes are
identified.
Tied up with
Private Hospital in
Ananthapur
None
VII – Environmental Monitoring program
1 Regular
monitoring of emissions
Monitoring
is done through
Third party
Adequate It is suggested
to establish the environmental
monitoring program as
prescribed in EIA report
VIII – Staffing for EMP Implementation
Environmental Management
cells
EHS Cell is Established
with 20 Members
Adequate It is suggested implementation
and Regular monitoring of
EMP Plan.
Current in adequacies are addressed in Environmental
Management plan and budget provisions are proposed for
effective implementation.
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF
PROPOSED PRODUCTS
CHAPTER-3
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CHAPTER - 3
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
3.1 Introduction
Collection of base line data is an integral aspect of the preparation of
Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Baseline data reflects the present
status of environment before initiation of any activity of proposed project. The
possible effects due to proposed project expansion activity of M/s. RL Fine
Chem Private Limited are estimated and superimposed on the compiled
baseline data subsequently to assess environmental impacts.
The study was conducted in the impact area; 10 km radius area surrounding
the project site, during Otober 2016 - December 2016. Studies were
undertaken to generate baseline data of Micrometeorology, air quality, water
quality, noise levels, flora and fauna, land use, soil quality, and socio-economic
status of the community.
3.2 Methodology of Base line data collection
3.2.1 Scoping
The scope of the assessment for this study was determined by the Terms of
Reference, the statutory requirements for the area of influence required by the
Ministry of Environment, Forests & climate change and consultation with
experts. An initial discussion with the project authorities and other
stakeholders was conducted in the study area to that the focus would be on
valued ecosystem components (VECs) they considered important.
3.2.2 Reconnaissance Surveys
The study team visited the project area and data was collected information on
various aspects like availability of infrastructure, physiological condtion of the
project site, sorroundings of the site such as road connectivity, near by
population, nearby water bodies & neighbouring industrial activity etc. The
information collated has been used for identifying the valued eco components
to be chosen for specific consideration in the study.
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3.2.3 Analysis of Data
The data from field surveys is Supplemented by information collected from
Survey of India topo sheets, census handbooks, published flora and fauna data
etc. Standard statistical techniques were used for analysis of the socio-
economic data, etc. Qualitative analysis was done for more descriptive data.
3.2.4 Documentation of Baseline Conditions
The documentation of the baseline conditions was completed for a 10km
radius circle from the site Project influence Area (PIA) as per the MoEF
guidelines. Primary surveys were carried out for determination of ambient air
quality, water quality, noise quality socio economic conditions of nearby
residents etc. A detailed ecology survey was also conducted.
3.2.5 Assessment of Alternatives
Alternatives of the project site are not assessed in this case as this projet is
expansion of existing unit.
3.2.6 Assessment of Potential Impacts
Potential significant impacts were identified on the basis of: analytical review
of baseline data; review of land uses and environmental factors; analytical
review of the socio-economic conditions within the PIA; and review of
assessment of potential impacts as identified by similar projects.
3.2.7 Integration of Environmental Impacts in the Design Process:
Environmental Component
The design and decision – making process integrated environmental and social
issues and prompted the early identification of appropriate actions. Such
actions included, for example, optimizing the layout and FAR, measures for
water conservation, measures for solid waste management etc.
3.3 Land Environment
Land and soil constitute the basic components of the physical environment.
The location of an industrial project may cause changes in land, land use, soil
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and denudational processes in different intensities contingent on sptial
proximity of the activity and receptors. Land and soil may get altered within
the vicinity of 5 km radius and to a lesser extent upto 10 km radial distance
due to the development of present industrial project.
3.3.1 Physiography
M/S RL Fine Chem Private Ltd, is located at Plot. No.165-182, APIIC, IDA
Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M), Anantapur (D) in Andhra Pradesh. The site is
in between 770 30’19.0’’ East Longitude & 770 30’21.6’’ East longitude and
130 43’32.9’’ North Latitude and 130 43’39.6’’ North Latitude
130 43’32.9’’ N 770 30’21.3’’ E
130 43’32.9’’ N 770 30’19.2’’ E
130 43’36.4’’ N 770 30’19.0’’ E
130 43’36.5’’ N 770 30’21.6’’ E
130 43’39.4’’ N 770 30’19.0’’ E
130 43’39.6’’ N 770 30’21.6’’ E
The land area of the plant is 4.32 Acres. The site is surrounded by Varahi
Pharma on the Northern direction, Sadguru industries on southern direction,
Wipro and APIIC Land on the Eastern Side, Aditya green industries and PVM
construction on the Western Side of the Site.
The nearest human settlement from the site is Thumukunta Village located at
distance of 0.78 Km from the site. The nearest railway station Devarapalli is
located at a distance of 0.7 Km from the site. The nearest airport is located at
a distance of 61.3 Km at Bangalore. There are no Reserve Forests within 10
KM radius. No ecologically sensitive areas like national parks, sanctuaries
within 10 km radius of the site. The surface water bodies within 10 KM radius
are Rainfed water tank at a distance of 0.8 Km from the site and Pennar River
is at a distance of 2.2 KM
There are no reserve forests, National Parks, Wildlife sanctuaries or any other
ecosensitive zones within 10 KM Radius of the study area
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3.3.2 Topography:
The RL Fine Chem Private Limited site is located near Thumukunta village of
Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh. It is located 11 km south of Hindupur
town, 30 km southwest of Lepakshi temple, and is just one kilometer east of
the interstate boundary with Karnataka the area is as well shown in the
Toposheet No. 57G/10 of the Survey of India.
Figure 3.1 Google map of the site
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The Base map of the study area is given at figure 3.2
Geomorphically the major part of the area forms pediplain with pediment
topography, with gentle slope towards the Pennar River. Major part of the
pediplain constitute low relief area having matured dissected undulating and
rolling topography with erosional land slope covered by a layer of red brown
loamy soil of varied thickness. The area is underlain by weathered granite
gneisses with general elevation in the range of 640 to 670 m above mean sea
level (amsl). The premises of the plant area has become plain and flattened
topography because of construction activity.
3.3.3 Drainage
The area forms part of the Pennar River Basin, and the Pennar River located
2.2 km west of the project site (Figures 3.1 and 3.2). Major part of the
pediplain is dissected by ephemeral streams and streamlets flowing in east
and westerly directions, all of which forms part of the catchment area of the
Pennar River. Some small and medium size lakes are situated along the
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topographic gradients, and most of which are connected by small ephemeral
nallahs (streamlets). Other than these many small ponds and lakes are
situated around the study area. These lakes receive seasonal flows, otherwise
mostly remain dry.
The Pennar and its tributaries are an inter-state river system, flowing through
the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The Pennar river takes its origin
from the in the Chenna Kasava hill of the Nandidurg range, in Chikkaballapura
district of Karnataka, which is about 35 km south east of the project site. The
Pennar River receives several tributaries on both the banks, out of which one
of the main tributary Kumudavati (also called Kundair) River is located about
15 km west of the project site.
The entire Pennar basin lies largely in a semi-arid region with low rainfall, with
more runoff and less ground water infiltration.
There are more than 20 watersheds within the perimeter of the 10 km radius
of the project site, and the details of which are given in Figure 3.3, along with
the areas of each watershed.
The project site area is bounded by a small local catchment of about 6.0 sq.
km. The drainage of this catchment is flowing towards west and culminating
in to small percolation tank
The area is regionally characterised by dendritic pattern of drainage, with a
general slope towards Pennar and Kumudavati (Kundair) rivers. Pennar and
Kundair rivers are situated west of the project site at a distance of 1.8 km and
15. 0 km respectively The percolation tanks and water bodies in the area are
either dry or gradually getting reduced over the years with the slowing down
of inflows, erratic rain fall, and even due to construction activity.
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Figure 3.3 Drainage Distribution around the the Study Area.
Watershed boundary is shown with Blue Outline.
3.4 Land use Pattern
Land use / Land cover Classification of the Study area
Based on the scale and the satellite resolution the Land Use/Land Cover
classification can be made. The satellite data of IRS LISS IV was used while
carrying out the analysis. Since digital image processing was carried out to
delineate various land use / land cover categories viz. build up area, crop
areas and forests, waste lands such as land with or without scrub, water
bodies and Transportation. Necessary training sets were identified based on
tone, texture, size, and shape pattern and location information. The
interpreted map was verified on ground at limited points and final land use /
land cover map was prepared.
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The Satellite image of the study area is given at Figure 3.4 and land use and
land cover map of the study area is given at Figure 3.5
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Figure 3.4 Satellite image of the study area
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Figure 3.5 Land Use and Land Cover map of the study area
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Below table provides and land use for various requirements in the study area
TABLE 3.1
Land Use/Land Cover classes in Study area
Land use Area(sq.km)
Area
in %
Agricultural land 237.94 75.5
Waterbodies 34.16 10.8
Builtup area 11.70 3.7
Plantation 2.29 0.7
Open Scrub 28.89 9.2
314.98 100.0
The Pie diagram of the is given in Figure 4.6. Based on the study it can be
noted that 75.5 % is Agricultural land, 10.8 % of total land area is covered
with water bodies, 3.7 % is built up area, 0.7 % is Plantation and 9.2 % is
open scrub.
Pie Diagram Showing Land use & Land cover area
Figure 3.6 Pie Diagram Showing Land use & Land cover area
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3.5 Geology
The area is underlain by various geological formations ranging in Age from
Archaean to Recent, and underlain by the granites, gneisses and schists of
Archaean and Dharwar Supergroup. Alluvium is restricted along the Pennar
and Kumudavati (Kundair) river courses. The geology of the area is shown in
the Anantapur District map (Figure 3.7 ).
3.5.1 Stratigraphy
The broad geological classification of the study area is given below:
Table 3.2. Archaean Stratigraphic Succession of the area
Geological
Age
Formation Lithology
Archaean Younger Intrusive Rocks
Quartz reefs, basic dykes of dolerites, pegmatites, and quartz veins, pink granite and other ultra-basics.
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Dharwar Super Group Sericite, chlorite, and hornblende schists and granulites.
Peninsular Gneissic Complex
Grey granite, gneisses, and migmatite.
Older Metamorphic Rocks
Biotite schist, pyroxenite, and Amphibolite.
3.5.2 Lithology
The major lithological units in the area are:
1). Grey series: coarse porphyritic grey granites, biotite granites and pyroxene
granite.
2). Pink series: coarse porphyritic pink granite, fine to medium grained pink
granite, coarse porphyritic pink alaskite, fine grained pink alaskite, white
alaskite.
3). Dykes and veins: Dolerite dykes (both fine and coarse grained), Quartz
veins and epidote veins
4). Enclaves: Fine grained
5). Migmatite zones: Inter mingling zones of pink and grey granites.
Granitic rocks of the area form part of the Peninsular Gneissic Complex. Pink
and Grey granites are the major rock types occurring in the area. Basic
enclaves, aplite, pegmatite, epidote and quartz veins and dolerite dykes
frequently traverse the area. Biotite granite covers a major part of
Maheswaram with porphyritic feldspars.
Granites are intruded by quartz and dolerite dykes of several generations and
are well exposed. These dykes form important structural feature controlling
the movement of groundwater in the region. Joints are most commonly
observed in the study area. Vertical joints act as conduits for transfer of water
whereas as horizontal joints help to maintain the lateral continuity of the
aquifer.
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Peninsular rocks, a major part of the area are covered by Pink and Grey
granites. The variations in pink and grey granites are mainly due to
mineralogical composition textural difference, coarse to medium grained,
fabric, and enclosures.
Dolerite is coarse grained variety of basalt, if present in the form of a dyke
(discordant igneous body), it is called a dolerite dyke. Dolerite is the medium
grained, intrusive, and equivalent of basalt. It usually occurs as dykes. Being
intruded into country rocks at shallow levels, the magma has more time to
cool than if extruded. Dolerites may be porphyritic, containing phenocrysts of
plagioclase, olivine vein quartz (an olivine analcite dolerite is known as a
crinanite).
The size of dolerite dykes both in width and length is variable. Some of the
dykes traverse this granite for kilometers together with definite trends.
Sometimes these dykes show enclave pattern indicating that they are followed
the joints plains. Branching, pinching, and swelling nature, which are
characteristic features of some of these dykes.
All these variations exert considerable influence on weathering and consequent
evolution of land forms and evolution of soils (brownish red and black
coloured).
3.5.3 Structural features
The investigated area is mainly occupied with hard rock formations. These are
devoid of any primary porosity, and secondary porosity occurs through
structures like faults, joints, cleavage fractures, lineation, and foliation, all of
which serve as channel ways for the circulation of palaeomagnetism and dykes
in the geological times, and presently at times some act as ground water
conduits.
The most important directions of the lineaments in the area are as follows:
a) NNE to SSW
b) E to W, and S to N
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c) WNW to ESE
d) ENE to WSW
e) NW to SE and
f) NE to SW
The two trends NNW-SSE and E-W are best displayed in the study area.
3.6 Water Environment
The industrial development of any region is contingent on the availability of
sufficient water resources, as most of the process industries would require
water for process or cooling purposes. The potential for exploitation of ground
water resources increases as development of new projects increases in
industrial and agricultural areas. With the increasing industrialization and
urbanization the possibilities of contamination of surface water and ground
water sources are rapidly increasing. The water resources in the area broadly
fall into following categories:
1. Surface Water resources : Streams and ponds, etc.
2. Ground Water resources : Accumulation in deeper strata of
ground.
3.6.1 Ground Water Conditions
Ground water occurrence, movement and recharge to aquifers are controlled
by degree of weathering, fracture pattern, geomorphological setup and rainfall.
Granites and Gneisses of peninsular gneissic group constitute major aquifers in
the area. Ground water occurs in phreatic conditions in the weathered zone
and under semi confined to confined conditions in fractured and jointed rock
formations. The ground water yields generally range from < 1.0 lps to 3.0 lps
(liters per second), with some instances of up to 5.0 lps.
The conceptual form of the structural and hydrogeological properties of the
hard rock granitic aquifers in the area is depicted in Figure 3.8. Recharge to
the system will be through the shallow weathered zone and from there some
water will infilter into the deeper fractured rock aquifer. Studies indicate that
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30 – 60 m is the most common depth range to locate potential water bearing
weathered and fracture zones. From 40 – 90 m, there is very little difference
in frequency of fracture occurrence, but beyond 90m the likelihood of
intersecting a water-bearing zone decreases rapidly.
Figure 3.8 Conceptual Hydrogeological Model of Hard Rocks like
Granites
The aquifers occurring in and around the study area can be divided into three
zones. viz, shallow zone, moderately deep zone and deep zone.
Shallow zone: Aquifers occurring within depth of 30 m below ground level
comprises of weathered and shallow fractured granites and gneisses, and
ground water occur in phreatic condition. Ground water development is mainly
through dug wells, dug cum bore wells and shallow bore wells. Weathered
zone thickness generally ranges from 5 to10m, and at places even down to 25
m.
A decade back 90% of ground water structures tapping shallow aquifers in the
area used to yield up to 2 lps. Because of rapid urbanization and
indiscriminate extraction of groundwater through deeper bore wells, most of
the dug wells have become dry, and ground water potential were limited to
few perched aquifers occurring in this shallow zone.
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Moderately Deep Zone: This zone ranges from 30 to 60 m bgl. Aquifers of
this category consist of weathered and fractured granites and gneisses.
Ground water extraction is mostly through dug-cum-bore and bore wells, and
yields of the wells ranged from 2 to 6 lps. Transmissivity ranged from 10 to
65m2/day.
Deeper Aquifer Zone: This zone occurs below 60 mbgl, and ground water is
extracted through deeper bore wells tapping the deeper fracture zones. Yields
range from 2 to 8. Transmissivity ranges from 15 to 280m2/day and storativity
varies from 2.8*10-3 to 8.4*10-4.
Central Ground Water Board has carried out ground water exploration to a
depth ranging from 38 to 305 m bgl. The drilling data reveals that fracture
zones were encountered at various depths. Deep fractures were also
encountered down to 200 m. However, the potential fractures were
encountered between 40 and 100 m depths. The cumulative yield of fracture
zones vary from 0.4 to 15.7 lps. However, the yield of bore wells was found to
be between 1 to 3 lps. The E-W, N-S and NNW-SSE fractures are tensile
fractures and the bore wells drilled close to these fractures yielded 1 to 5 lps.
The NE-SW, NNE-SSW fractures are shallow in nature and yield between 0.2 to
6.0 lps (CGWB, 2013).
However, in recent years, due to haphazard urbanization, exponential growth
in population and industrial units, demand for water has resulted in
indiscriminate drilling of bore wells by individual households, business
establishments and industries. This has resulted in depletion of ground water
levels, drying up of age old dug wells due to over exploitation of the ground
water resources. Similarly major ground water problems in the study area
pertains to the over exploitation of ground water resources, deterioration of
ground water quality due to industrial and sewage pollution, and high nitrate
content in ground water, which is more than the permissible limit of 45 mg/l.
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3.6.2 Ground Water Levels
Behaviour of ground water level is essentially controlled by physiography,
lithology and rainfall. There is general decline and rise of water during pre-
and post-monsoon season. The rises are due to the general buildup of water
levels in response to rains, and declines are due to erratic monsoon, less
recharge (due to urbanization), and exploitation of groundwater resources.
The depth to water levels in the area generally varies from 20 to >80 m bgl.
The dug wells usually show phreatic, and the borewells indicate semi-confined
conditions. During the field visit on 4th and 5th August 2016, the wells in the
study area have the depth to water level of 24 to 130 m below ground level
(bgl).
Based on the water level data a depth to water level map of the study area
was prepared, and shown in Figure 3.8. As observed in the well inventory
the depth to water levels around the chemical plant area is less than 40 m bgl.
The ground water levels are low to moderate towards the Pennar River, and
much deeper (of over 100 m bgl) in other directions. The general ground
water flow direction is towards the Pennar River. With the prevalence of dug-
cum-bore and borewells, most of the open dug wells in the area are getting
dry and even becoming obsolete.
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Figure 3.9 Depth to Water Levels in the Study Area (Dot marks indicate sample points)
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The study of long term water level fluctuations in the district (years 2000-
2014) indicate an overall rise in water levels from pre-monsoon to post-
monsoon in the range of 0.014 to 0.65 m/yr, and pre-monsoon decline in the
range of 0.15 to 0.65 m/year (CGWB, 2013).
The long term fluctuation data of three representative Central Ground Water
Board (CGWB) monitoring stations situated near to the project site were
analysed. These are located at Thumukunta, Chauluru and Hindupur areas,
and the analysed plots are shown in
Figure 3.10 Ground Water Levels and Fluctuations at Thumukunta.
The depths of the water levels of these three monitoring stations, along with
seasonal water level fluctuations, vary from 4 to > 35 m bgl. Based on the
monitoring analysis, the stations at Chauluru and Hindupur indicate long term
declines ranging from 0.22 to 0.38 m per annum, and the one at Thumukunta
records a rise (3.9 to 3.10). Further analysis and calculation of water level
fluctuation data indicate sharp response of the water levels to the seasonal
changes.
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Figure 3.11 Ground Water Levels and Fluctuations at Chauluru.
Figure 3.12 Ground Water Levels and Fluctuations at Hindupur.
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3.6.3 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION
In collaboration with the state departments, Central Ground Water Board
(CGWB) carried out ground water resource estimation and categorization
studies for the Hindupur Mandal of Anantapur District for the year 2008-09.
The CGWB has categorized the area as ‘over exploited’ with the stage of
ground water utilization of 106%, indicating little scope for ground water
development. These details are applicable to the study area also, as it is part
of this Mandal.
The plant at RL Fine Chem Pvt Ltd is not using any ground water source for its
plant utilization. The plant’s water requirements are met by the water supplies
provided by the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC),
which is in turn is drawing water from the Pennar River Balancing Reservoir
(PRBR) scheme. As there are no boreholes and ground water provision in the
area, APIIC is supplying water to all the industrial units situated in the
Thumukunta Industrial Area.
3.6.4 GROUND WATER QUALITY
The ground water in the study area occurs under moderate and deep water
level conditions, and quality-wise is generally suitable for domestic, irrigation,
and industrial purposes. The quality of ground water in and around the project
site is potable, but for the slightly higher hardness of water at certain places.
Ground water samples were collected from the dug and boreholes located in
the area. The samples were analysed in the Chemical Laboratory at the
Pridhvi Envirotech Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad. The results are summarised in Table
3.3 along with the water sample collected at the Plant Site, which is getting
water supply from by the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation
(APIIC), which is in turn is drawing water from the Pennar River Balancing
Reservoir (PRBR) scheme.
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Figure 3.13 Location of ground water samples in the study area
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Table 3.3 Ground Water Samples analysis report
S.No. PARAMETER
Method
APHA
22nd
Edition
Unit
RESULTS As per IS:10500 - 2012
Plant
Site Thumukunta Appalakunta Gopllapuram
Vuchcheda-
mahalli Hunasenahalli Ekralahalli Gauasandla
Requirement
Acceptable
limit
Permissible
limit in the
absence of
alternative
source
1 pH 4500 H+B −− 7.40 7.15 7.52 7.70 7.94 7.12 7.59 7.78 6.50 - 8.50 NS
2 Color (Hazen units) 2120 B Hazen 03 01 02 <01 <01 01 02 <01 5 max 15 max
3 Total dissolved solids 2540 C mg/l 1,648 1,520 692 583 661 1,489 698 647 500 max 2000 max
4 Total alkalinity as CaCo3 2320 B mg/l 324.35 470.95 265.10 195.45 324.20 461.53 267 317.71 200 max 600 max
5 Carbonates as HCo3 2321 B mg/l 324.35 470.95 265.10 195.45 324.20 461.54 268 317.72 200 max 600 max
6 Total hardness as CaCo3 2340 C mg/l 950.36 690.50 326.40 260.31 392.54 676.69 329 384.68 200 max 600 max
7 Calcium as Ca 3500 Ca B mg/l 168.84 161.96 69.40 57.84 84.28 158.72 70.09 82.59 75 max 200 max
8 Magnesium as Mg 3500-Mg B mg/l 128.38 69.46 37.16 28.11 44.18 68.07 37.53 43.29 30 max 100 max
9 Sulphates as SO4 4500 SO4D mg/l 132.28 104.36 71.52 164.98 39.74 102.27 72.23 38.94 200 max 400 max
10 Chlorides as Cl 4500 Cl-C mg/l 524.72 410.16 122.09 59.14 93.46 401.95 123.31 91.59 250 max 1000 max
11 Lead as Pb 3111B mg/l 0.06 0.09 0.075 0.036 0.052 0.08 0.075 0.050 0.01 max No relaxation
12 Cadmium as Cd 3111B mg/l <0.001 0.004 0.02 0.015 0.038 0.004 0.02 0.037 1 max No relaxation
13 Total Chromium as Cr 3111B mg/l ND 0.02 ND ND ND 0.02 ND ND 0.05 max No relaxation
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S.No. PARAMETER
Method
APHA
22nd
Edition
Unit
RESULTS As per IS:10500 - 2012
Plant
Site Thumukunta Appalakunta Gopllapuram
Vuchcheda-
mahalli Hunasenahalli Ekralahalli Gauasandla
Requirement
Acceptable
limit
Permissible
limit in the
absence of
alternative
source
14 Copper as Cu 3111B mg/l 0.023 0.015 0.018 0.026 0.031 0.014 0.018 0.030 0.05 max 1.5 max
15 Zinc as Zn 3111B mg/l 0.063 0.087 0.229 0.28 0.16 0.085 0.231 0.15 5.0 max 15 max
16 Nickel as Ni 3111B mg/l 0.051 0.064 0.043 0.037 0.028 0.062 0.043 0.027 0.02 max No relaxation
17 Flourides as F 4500 F-D mg/l 0.81 0.69 0.58 0.51 0.63 0.67 0.58 0.61 1.0 max 1.5 max
18 Aluminium as A1 3500 Al B mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.0021 0.0016 0.019 <0.001 0.0021 0.018 0.03 max 0.2 max
19 Boron as B 4500 B B mg/l 0.74 0.62 0.80 0.68 0.54 0.60 0.80 0.52 0.5 max 1 max
20 Manganese as Mn 3111 B mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.0014 0.0011 0.02 <0.001 0.0014 0.02 0.1 max 0.3 max
21 Iron as Fe 3500 Fe B mg/l 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.28 0.16 0.24 0.22 0.15 0.3 max No relaxination
22 Nitrates as NO3 4500 NO3B mg/l 22.14 21.01 26.35 14.03 18.73 20.58 26.61 18.35 45 max No relaxination
23 Sodium as Na 3500 Na B mg/l 122.13 218.11 91.56 91.18 52.59 213.74 92.47 51.53 NS NS
24 Potassium as K 3500 K B mg/l 3.52 8.10 5.91 2.74 4.4 7.93 5.96 4.3 NS NS
25 Odour 2150 C −− Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
26 E.C (micromhos/cm) 2510 B µmho/cm 2,440 2,350 1,066 924 1,025 2,303 1,076 1,004 NS NS
27 Phosphorus as P 4500 P B 0.30 0.42 0.58 0.36 0.62 0.41 0.58 0.60 NS NS
* NS - Not Sepcified
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The results of the hydrochemical sampling indicate that the quality of ground
water is good, potable, alkaline with a pH of over 7, total dissolved solids
(TDS) generally below 1700 mg/l, and chloride concentrations less than 500
mg/l. The salient features found in the ground water samples of the project
site are as follows:
• The pH concentration of the water samples collected from the study area
varies from 7.12 to 7.94, and is within acceptable limits.
• The totals dissolved solids (TDS) ranges from 583 to 1648 mg/l, and are
within permissible limits of 2000 mg/l indicating its suitability for drinking,
domestic, and industrial use. High concentrations of TDS is reported in
bore well at plant site, Thumukunta Village and Hulasanahelli villages
• Chloride concentrations are within the permissible limits (1000 mg/l) of
59.4 to 524.72 mg/l. Highest is reported at bore well near plant site
• The dominant cation is Na, and the dominant anions are HCO3 and SO4.
• The sodium concentrations range from 51 to 218.11 mg/l.
• Sulphates concentrations vary from 38.94 mg/l- 164.98 mg/lit which is
within the acceptable limits of 200 mg/l.
• Health hazards of high hardness are insignificant. But high hardness (Ca
+ Mg) can cause scaling of pipes and hot water appliances. The hardness
of samples collected in the area varies 260.31 to 950.36 mg/l. Three
samples collected at the plant site and in the villages of Thumukunta and
Hunasenahalli have higher than the acceptable limits of 600 mg/l.
• There is wide variation in the Fluoride concentrations of the Anantapur
district. But the Fluorides in the study area is within the acceptable limit
of 1.00 mg/l, indicating its healthy concentration 0.51 -0.69 mg/lit, and
thus leaving no scope for the spread of water-borne diseases like
fluorosis, osteosclerosis, etc.
• Nitrate concentrations are in the range of 14.03 to 26.61 mg/l indicating
the area is not affected with the activities of anthropogenic sources
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• Metallic ionic concentrations like iron and manganese are within the
acceptable limits of less than 0.30 mg/l.
3.6.5 Surface Water Quality
During the field visit carried out in November it is observed that all the surface
water bodies with in 10 km radius are found to be dry. Hence no surface water
samples could be taken
Pennar river is completely dry. Other water bodies in 10 kms radius are also
dry. Photographs of dry pennar river and other water bodies are shown below.
Photographs of Dry Pennar River
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3.7 Soil
The area is mostly covered by red soils, which are either calcareous or non-
calcareous and fairly deep. Along the river stream courses the alluvial soils are
found. The black clayey soils are not common, but are seen at certain places.
The soils are largely originated by the granitic parental rock. The thickness of
soils usually varies from 0.50 to 0.80 m.
Leaving the industrial pockets, the study area is regionally covered with farms
and agricultural lands. In the total pharma plant area of 4.32 acres, 1.24
acres of land outside the pharma plant premises is covered with teak, mango,
and other tree plantations.
The Soil characteristics include both physical and chemical parameters. M/s.
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited field team carried out soil survey to assess the
soil characteristics of the study area. Representative soil sampling was done at
several important locations and these locations are shown in Figure 3.14.
Analytical data of soil samples is presented in Table 3.7.
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Fig 3.14 Soil Sampling Locations
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Table 3.4 Soil Analysis Data
S.N
o. Parameters Unit
Project
site
Vuchod
anahalli
Appal
a Kunta
Hunase
nahalli
1 pH (1:5 Soil water extract) 7.01 7.26 7.43 7.69
2 E.C (1:5 Soil water extract)
µmhos/cm 568 374 605 612
3 Bulk Density g/cc 1.42 1.61 1.39 1.59
4 Moisture % 7.2 7.90 6.8 6.9
5 Nitrates s N Kg/ha 226.5 185.20 197.20 220.20
6 Phosphorous (as P) Kg/ha 69.30 52.15 58.40 57.30
7 Potassium (As K+) Kg/ha 318 237 260 248
8 Sodium (as Na) Kg/ha 126 108 114 130
9 Calcium (as Ca) mg/kg 194 172 135 145
10 Magnesium (as Mg2+) mg/kg 102 81 97 96
11 Sulphates mg/kg 73 96 81 89
12 Organic Carbon % 0.52 0.62 0.64 0.61
13 Texture
a) Sand % % 42.5 30.90 41.60 42.10
b) Silt % % 20.8 43.50 23.40 33.20
c) Clay % % 36.7 25.60 35.00 31.20
Type of Soil Sandy Clay
Silty Sand
Sandy Clay
Sandy Clay
14 Copper(as Cu) mg/Kg 0.58 0.69 0.72 0.62
15 Zinc ( as Zn) mg/Kg 2.4 3.10 1.86 1.66
16 Lead (as pb) mg/Kg 0.76 0.88 0.92 0.82
17 Cadmium(as Cd)
mg/Kg 0.26 0.37 0.41 0.35
18 Chromium(as Cr)
mg/Kg 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.15
19 Nickel ( as Ni) mg/Kg 0.41 0.92 0.68 0.58
20 Ca/mg Ratio 1.90 2.12 1.39 1.61
21
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
Meq/kg
182 134 165 145
22 Base Saturation % 4.10 6.21 5.35 5.04
23 Total Nitrogen % 0.0045 0.0058 0.0062 0.0051
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The test results of soil samples collected in the impact area are interpreted
referring to the book; “Interpreting soil test results”. The reference tables are
presented in Table 3.5. The pH of soil samples ranges from Neutral to mildly
alkaline. The cation exchange capacity of the soils is very high. The level of
nitrogen of the samples is very high while the potassium levels are high.The
base saturation of the samples is predominantly very strongly Leached (Three
samples). The calcium magnesium ratios of the samples indicates low calcium
levels . Bulk density of soil of impact varies from 1.39 – 1.61 g/cc. The Soil
texture is predominantly silty sand,Sandy clay and Silty sand.
Table 3.5 Soil Test Results – Reference Tables
General interpretation of pH
measured
Rating for Cation exchange
Capacity
pH Range Classification CEC (Cmol)+)/kg
<4.5 Extremely Acidic Very low <6 *
4.51 -5.0 Very Strong Acidic Low 6-12
5.1-5.5 Strong Acid Moderate 12-25
5.6- 6.0 Moderately Acid High 25-40
6.1-6.5 Slightly acid Very High >40
6.6-7.3 Neutral Source: Metson (1961)
* Soils with CEC less than three
are often low in fertility and
susceptible to soil acidification.
7.4-7.8 Mildily Alkaline
7.9 -8.4 Moderately Alkaline
8.5-9.0 Strongly Alkaline
>9.0 Very Strongly Alkaline
Source:Bruce and Rayment (1982).
Ca/mg Ratio Base Saturation as a criterion
of leaching
Description
Range
(%BS)
Rating
<1 Ca Deficient 70-100 Very Weakly
Leached
1-4 Ca (Low) 50-70 Weakly Leached
4-6 Balanced 30-50 Moderately Leached
6-10 Mg (Low) 15-30 Strongly Leached
>10 Mg deficient 0-15 Very Strongly
Leached
Source: Eckert (1987) Source: Metson (1961)
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3.8 Air Environment
3.8.1 Meterology
Micro meterological studies are simultaneously conducted with the air quality
monitoring. Methodology plays a vital role in effecting the dispersion of
pollutants, once discharged into the atmosphere, their transport, dispersion
and diffusion into the environment. The meteorological data is very useful for
interpretation of the baseline information and for model study of air quality
impacts also. Since meteorological data show wide fluctuations with time,
meaningful interpretation can only be drawn from long term and reliable data.
Such source of data is the India Meteorological Department (IMD) that
maintains a network of meteorological stations at several important locations.
The data recorded for IMD station at Anathapur which is geographically similar
to the site is 92 KM from the site is summarized for the period 1979 to 2000
and the same is presented in Table 3.6
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Table 3.6 IMD data of meteorological station Ananthapur
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3.8.2 Meteorological Station at Industry Site.
The micro meteorological data in the industrial cluster is collected
simultaneously with the ambient air quality monitoring. The station was
installed in such a way that there are no obstructions facilitating free flow of
wind. Wind speed, wind direction, humidity and temperature are recorded
on hourly basis in the study period. Salient features of micro meteorological
data collected are as follows:
1. Wind Direction and Speed:
The hourly wind speed and wind direction observations are computed
during the seasons of study period using micro meteorological station at
the site , and the same are presented in Table 3.11 and the wind rose
diagrams are presented in Figure 3.18. The following observations can be
made from the collected data;
• Calm period is observed to be 41.72% during the time of
monitoring.
• The predominant wind direction is East.
• Mostly the wind speeds are observed to be in the range of 0.5 –
11.0 m/s. The maximum and minimum temperature and relative
humidity and total seasonal rainfall are summarized in below. The
salient features are discussed in brief as follows.
2. Temperature:
(a) Maximum:39.30C (b) Minimum: 12.3 0C (c) Average: 24.6 0C
3. Humidity:
The daily relative humidity values are observed to range between 7.7 –
99.2%.
4. Rain Fall:
(a) Maximum: 5.5 mm
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Table 3.7
Frequency Distribution of Wind Speeds and Wind Directions
S.No
Directions / Wind Classes
(m/s)
0.5 -
2.1
2.1 -
3.6
3.6 -
5.7
5.7 -
8.8
8.8 -
11.1
>=
11.1
Total
(%)
1 N 0.21 0.16 0.11 0.05 0.16 0.16 0.86 2 NNE 0.05 0.11 0.38 0.27 0.27 0.21 1.29 3 NE 0.27 0.32 0.38 0.80 0.43 1.13 3.32 4 ENE 0.11 0.00 0.16 0.11 0.32 0.38 1.07 5 E 0.86 0.75 0.75 1.23 1.23 3.11 7.94 6 ESE 0.43 0.32 0.21 0.38 0.64 3.54 5.52 7 SE 0.75 0.38 0.59 1.23 0.80 2.74 6.49 8 SSE 0.27 0.16 0.75 0.97 0.91 3.22 6.27 9 S 0.27 0.38 0.54 0.86 1.02 2.04 5.09
10 SSW 0.38 0.64 0.43 0.75 0.43 0.91 3.54 11 SW 0.43 0.38 0.48 0.80 0.70 1.18 3.97 12 WSW 0.38 0.43 0.43 0.91 0.80 1.82 4.77 13 W 0.43 0.38 0.80 0.75 1.07 2.25 5.68 14 WNW 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.27 0.38 0.86 1.66 15 NW 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.21 0.05 0.54 16 NNW 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.11 0.21
Sub-Total 4.93 4.56 6.11 9.54 9.38 23.70 58.23 Calms 41.72 Missing/Incomplete 0.05 Total 100.00
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Figure 3.15 Wind Rose Diagram at Site
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3.9 Ambient Air Quality
Air pollution means the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more
contaminants or combinations thereof in such quantities and of such
duration as are or may tend to be injurious to human, plant or animal life or
property. Air pollutants include smoke, vapors, soot, fumes, gases, mist,
odors, particulate matter, radioactive material or noxious chemicals. With
upcoming industrial activity a range of different pollutants are released into
the atmosphere that are dispersed and have a significant impact on
neighborhood air environment. Thus collection of base line data of air
environment occupies a predominant role in the impact assessment
statement. The ambient air quality status across the study zone forms
basis for prediction of the impacts due to the project.
The project is located at Plot No: 165 to 182 APIIC, IDA Thumukunta (V),
Hindupur (M), Anantapur (D) in Andhra Pradesh.
Based on the TOR conditions, the likely gaseous emissions from processes
are assessed and found to be SO2, CO2 and H2. SO2 is taken for base line
studies. Apart from these the emissions from existing boiler and proposed
coal fired boilers & DG sets are considered for base line studies. Being an
industrial area NH3, VOC and CO are also selected for base line studies of
the area.
The data required for assessing air quality impacts in and around
neighborhood is achieved by selecting monitoring stations reflecting Down
wind, up wind and cross wind directions.
3.9.1 Ambient air quality monitoring station network
An intensive ambient air quality monitoring of the study area was done
consisting of 10 km radius of the plant site. The ambient air quality was
monitored at eight locations spread over entire study area including plant
site. Figure 3.16 presents the locations of ambient air quality-monitoring
stations.
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The location of ambient air quality stations is contingent on the
meteorological status of the area. Table 3.8 presents the ambient air
quality locations and their distances and directions from the plant site.
Table 3.8 Locations of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
S.N
O
Locat
ion
Code
Location State Directi
on
Distanc
e-Km
Freque
ncy
Latitude Longitude
1. AAQ1 Project Site Andra pradesh
- - - N13⁰43’39.3’’ E77⁰30’21.2’’
2. AAQ2 Thumukunta Andra pradesh
W 0.8 Down wind
N13⁰43’41.9’’ E77⁰31’16.8’’
3. AAQ3 Appalakunta Andra pradesh
NW 3.0 Down wind
N13⁰44’46.88’’ E77⁰29’20.99’
4. AAQ4 Gollapuram Andra pradesh
E 2.1 Up Wind
N13⁰43’41.9’’ E77⁰31’16.8’’
5. AAQ5 Hunasena halli
Karnataka NE 3.7 Cross wind
N13⁰44’52.4’’ E77⁰31’49.5’’
6. AAQ6 Ekralahalli Karnataka W 5.8 Down wind
N13⁰42’53.4’’ E77⁰26’59.7’’
7. AAQ7 Uchodana halli
Karnataka SE 4.1 Cross wind
N13⁰42’05.2’’ E77⁰32’01.5’’
8. AAQ8 Gowdasandra Karnataka S 5.8 Cross wind
N13⁰40’29.4’’ E77⁰31’03.2’’
Fig. 3.16 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
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3.9.2 Ambient Air Quality Status
At each sampling station monitoring was carried out for 24 hours in a day
for 2 days a week, and for three months. The major air pollutants
monitored on 24 hourly basis are, Particulate Matter (Size Less than 10µm)
or PM10 µg/m3, Sulfur dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen. NH3, VOC and CO are
measured at a frequency once in 15 days in the 3 months period. Raw
data is enclosed as Annexure V. Sampling and analysis of the above
variables is according to the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board.
Ambient air quality status are presented in Table 3.9
Table 3.9 Ambient Air Quality Status
Sampling Time: 24 Hrs Unit: µg/m3
Pollutant Maximum Minimum Mean
98 Percentile
AAQ-1) Location: Project Site
PM10 88.20 68.60 76.49 87.28 PM2.5 41.20 28.40 34.24 40.89 SO2 16.30 10.50 13.53 16.30 NOx 22.60 15.90 19.41 22.60 NH3 55.60 40.30 47.82 54.59 CO 3.20 1.20 2.00 3.06 VOC 4.30 2.20 3.08 4.25 AAQ-2) Location: Thumukunta
PM10 86.30 73.20 80.21 86.30 PM2.5 34.20 22.40 28.37 33.33 SO2 14.60 10.30 12.19 14.55 NOx 21.60 16.40 18.60 21.19 NH3 47.30 35.70 40.47 46.11 CO 3.10 1.20 1.91 2.96 VOC 4.00 1.60 2.50 3.82 AAQ-3) Location: Appalakunta
PM10 67.30 53.20 60.47 66.89 PM2.5 30.40 19.20 22.98 28.97 SO2 12.20 8.60 10.52 12.15 NOx 20.30 14.50 16.63 19.52 NH3 43.20 28.30 37.00 42.51 CO 2.80 1.20 1.90 2.66 VOC 3.10 1.80 2.21 2.87 AAQ-4) Location: Gollapuram
PM10 77.40 54.20 67.96 76.39 PM2.5 30.40 20.60 26.18 30.40
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SO2 12.40 8.60 10.16 12.26 NOx 20.10 15.30 17.65 20.10 NH3 40.50 25.70 34.02 40.41 CO 2.20 1.20 1.66 2.20 VOC 2.80 1.20 2.05 2.71 AAQ-5) Location: Hunasena halli
PM10 68.40 54.10 61.82 67.43 PM2.5 30.10 18.60 24.20 29.36 SO2 13.50 9.10 11.02 13.36 NOx 21.70 15.70 17.49 21.06 NH3 33.50 25.60 29.50 33.04 CO 2.50 1.40 1.85 2.50 VOC 2.20 1.20 1.55 2.15 AAQ-6) Location: Ekralahalli
PM10 61.30 55.30 58.63 61.12 PM2.5 28.40 18.50 22.82 27.89 SO2 11.30 8.30 9.78 11.25 NOx 20.40 14.80 16.55 19.85 NH3 30.70 20.40 26.58 30.56 CO 2.00 1.10 1.48 1.95 VOC 2.20 1.10 1.43 2.15 AAQ-7) Location: Uchodana halli
PM10 68.40 54.50 61.68 67.89 PM2.5 28.40 18.80 23.17 27.62 SO2 12.10 7.30 9.85 11.79 NOx 19.30 14.90 16.57 18.66 NH3 32.60 20.40 27.10 31.59 CO 2.10 1.10 1.57 2.10 VOC 2.10 1.20 1.65 2.05 AAQ-8) Location: Gowdasandra
PM10 69.20 50.60 61.45 68.79 PM2.5 32.60 20.50 26.55 32.42 SO2 10.20 7.50 9.35 10.20 NOx 20.30 14.70 16.84 19.79 NH3 32.60 24.20 27.52 31.59 CO 2.30 1.00 1.53 2.21 VOC 2.00 1.10 1.51 1.95
The project site ambient air quality depicts typical industrial activity and
highest readings are recorded for all parameters. The influence of existing
industrial activity is there on Thumukunta village as can be seen from the
data. Remianing stations reflect typical rural back ground with anthropogenic
activities.
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The ambient air quality standards however are within the notified ambient air
quality standards for 24 hours values. There are no standards prescribed for
VOC so far in India
3.10 Noise Environment
Noise is an unwanted sound without musical quality. Artificial noise and its
impact on environment, grown apace with advancing human civilization.
Noise pollution is equally hazardous to environment as air, water and other
forms of pollution. Various noise measurement units have been introduced
to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a
complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels.
The most common scale is, weighted decibel dB (A), and measured as the
relative intensity level of one sound with respect to another sound
(reference sound).
The impact of noise depends on its characteristics (instantaneous,
intermittent or continuous in nature), time of day (day or night) and
location of noise source.
• The assessment of noise pollution on neighborhood environment due to
the industry, traffic and other human activities was carried out at 8
locations in the study area. Figure 3.17 shows noise level measured
locations. The measured noise values are shown in Table 3.10. Noise
levels are high at the traffic junctions compared to the industrial and
village areas
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Fig. 3.17 Noise Sampling Locations
Table 3.10
Equivalent Noise levels in the Study Area
S.No. Location Equivalent Noise Levels dB(A)
Leq day Leq night
1. Project site 62.0 58.5
2. Thumukunta 61.2 58.5
3. Appalakunta 49.6 42.7
4. Gollapuram 49.0 42.6
5. Hunasena halli 49.4 42.0
6. Ekralahalli 47.4 41.8
7. Uchodanahalli 47.7 40.7
8 Gowda Sandra 45.2 40.8
3.11 Socio Economic Environment
Industrial development reflects in social development, i.e., growth in
infrastructure facilities, growth in employment rates, increased demands for
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housing, and other amenities etc., which will have a bearing on the socio
economic status.
3.11.1 Geographical Coverage
The geographical coverage for SEIA of the project extends over 10 km radius
from the project site comprising 87 villages and urban agglomerations covering
Two states ( Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka) 3 Districts (Andhra Pradesh-1,
Karnataka-2) and 4 mandals (Andhra Pradesh-2, Karnataka-2). The details of
villages and their demographic features are given at Annexure VI of the report.
3.11.2 Impact Zones
It is evident from the data contained in Table 2.1 that of the total 87
villages/towns comprising the overall project impact zone, only 3 villages falling
in the core impact zone(up to 2 km in aerial distance from the project site)
belongs to Andhra Pradesh state and among 16 villages falling in the buffer
zone(2-5 km), 10 villages belongs to Andhra Pradesh state and 6 villages
belongs to Karnataka state and among 68 villages falling in the transitionzone
(beyond 5 km and up to 10 km), 26 villages belongs to Andhra Pradesh state
and 42 villages belongs to Karnataka state.
Thus 3.4% of the impact area villages accounting for 2.2% of the total inhabiting
population fall in the core impact zone. 8.4% of villages with 13.0% of the study
area population fall in the buffer zone. 78.2% of the villages with 84.8% of the
study area population fall in the transition zone.
The SEIA study lays more emphasis on covering more villages in the core and
buffer zones vis-à-vis the transition zone.
Below table shows important statistics of the impact zones
3.11.3 Objectives:
The primary objectives of the socio-economic impact assessment are:
� Understanding the baseline socio-economic environment obtaining in
the impact zone.
� Identifying the key stakeholders who are likely to be impacted by the
establishment of the proposed project.
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� Predicting the positive and negative impacts of the project on the
socio-economic environment in the area.
� Suggesting mitigation measures to minimize the negative impacts.
3.11.4 Scope:
The scope of socio-economic impact assessment extends to:
The scope of socio-economic impact assessment extends to:
a) Assessing the baseline socio-economic environment prevailing in the
impact area focusing the core and buffer zones.
b) Identifying key economic sectors and major sources of livelihood in
the study area.
c) Understanding social structures and lifestyles of people in the area
who are likely to be affected the most.
d) Assessing physical and social infrastructure facilities accessible to the
project affected people.
e) Identifying heritage precincts and archaeological monuments, if any
in the area which may be affected by the proposed project.
f) Predicting the likely socio-economic impacts as a consequence of
establishing the project.
g) Suggesting adverse impact mitigation measures in line with the felt
needs, aspirations and expectations of the project affected people.
h) Preparing an appropriate Socio-economic Environment Management
Plan.
3.11.5 Desk Research
A fairly comprehensive desk research to understand the socio-economic setting
in and around the project site was the first initiative towards carrying out the
SEIA of the project. Accordingly, published and unpublished information
available on the subject was referred, reviewed and critical information gaps
identified by the SEIA team. The major documents and information sources
extensively referred to are:
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Sl.No. Publication/Document Source
1 Handbook of Statistics – Anantapuram, Chikkballapura and Tumkur Districts, 2015
District Chief Planning Officer
2 Census – 2011 Provisional Population Tables for Anantapur District and Andhra Pradesh
Registrar General of India
3 Census 2011 provisional population tables for chikkballapura and Tumkur Districts of Karnataka
Registrar General of India
4 Anantapur District Industrial Profile District Industries Centre, Anantapuram
5 Brief Industrial Profile of Anantapur District MSME Development Institute, Hyderabad
6 Socio-economic information about Chikkaballapura and Tumkur Districts.
Web surfing
Besides, unpublished information of the Departments of Industries, Education,
Health, Irrigation, Agriculture and Social Welfare was also referred to gain
deeper insights into the socio-economic setting of Anantapuram district in
general and the project area in particular.
3.11.6 Sample Surveyes:
The desk research has enabled the study team to effectively leverage the macro
level socio-economic information available and identify information gaps at the
village and household levels.
It was during this stage, the key stakeholders were identified and study
instruments are prepared. Similarly, the sampling frame and sample size were
also designed and finalized. The sampling frame for the study consisted of
villages/wards, households and District and Mandal level officials as also local
opinion leaders.
A stratified random sampling technique was followed to select the sample
villages/wards and households. Accordingly 20 villages and urban areas as
detailed below are selected, among these 20 villages, 14 villages belongs to
Andhra Pradesh state and 6 villages belongs to Karnataka state. The sample
villages/wards were picked up at random from the three impact zones
considered – core, buffer and transition.
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In the absence of household level information, the respondent households were
selected randomly during the course of visit to the respective village/ward.
However, while selecting the respondent households, emphasis was on
contacting households, who are economically poor, susceptible to shifts in
livelihood patterns and belonged to vulnerable social communities. Accordingly,
the sample villages/wards selected for the survey together with the number of
households across each village are presented in Table – 3.11
Table – 3.11
Sample Villages Selected for Socio-Economic Impact Assessment
Sl. No
Sample Village Mandal
State Name Location from Project Site Populatio
n 2011
Census
House Holds (No.)
Directi
on
Distance
(km)
Total Sampl
es
Andhra Pradesh State Sample Villages
1 Thumukunta Hindupur Andhra Pradesh SW 0.75 Km 2417 549 17
2 Devarapalle Hindupur Andhra Pradesh NW 1.80 Km 552 141 13
3 Gollapuram Hindupur Andhra Pradesh E 1.90 Km 2625 621 12
4 AppalaKunta
Hindupur Andhra Pradesh
NW 2.70 Km
Under Kirikera Revenue Population Data is Same 11
5 Santhebidanur Hindupur Andhra Pradesh W 2.80 Km 3588 839 13
6 Thungepalle Hindupur Andhra Pradesh SW 3.0 Km 468 104 12
7 Yapamanu Gate
Hindupur
Andhra Pradesh NW 3.30 Km
Under Kirikera Revenue Population Data is Same 12
8 Kanchana Palli Hindupur
Andhra Pradesh NE 3.90 Km
Under Kotipi Revenue Population Data is Same 12
9 Ramachandrapuram Hindupur
Andhra Pradesh SW 3.90 Km
Under Chowlur Revenue Population Data is Same 11
10 Chowlur Hindupur Andhra Pradesh SW 4.0 Km 6038 1429 11
11 Kotipi Hindupur Andhra Pradesh NE 4.20 Km 4157 971 11
12 Kirikera Hindupur Andhra Pradesh NW 4.40 Km 11184 2695 12
13 BevinaHalli Hindupur Andhra Pradesh NW 6.80 Km 2188 537 15
14 Hindupur Hindupur Andhra Pradesh N 9.60 Km 151677 34507 13
Total 184894 42393 175
Karnataka State Sample Villages
15 Kudumalakunta Gauribidanur Karnataka SW 2.50 Km 1999 489 11
16 Hunasenahalli Gauribidanur Karnataka NE 3.40 Km 1266 327 9
17 Myalya Gauribidanur Karnataka SE 4.0 Km 2810 671 12
18 Huchodanahalli Gauribidanur Karnataka SE 4.10 Km 877 185 12
19 Babenahalli Gauribidanur Karnataka SW 4.50 Km 27 7 5
20 Konapura Gauribidanur Karnataka SE 5.0 Km 558 142 12
Total 7537 1821 61
Grrand Total 192431 44214 236
The sample villages/towns represent 75.1% of the population and 75.9% of the
number of households of the universe comprising 87 villages/towns.
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It needs to be mentioned in this context that an element of purposiveness was
induced into selection of sample villages/towns with a view to focusing more on
villages/towns in the core and buffer zones of impact. Such a selection of the
sample villages was well justified as the entire area beyond the core and buffer
impact zones is likely to have only minimal impact of the project and the same
cannot be distinguished.
Figure – 3.18 Google Map of SE SampleVillages/Wards
3.11.7 Demography
The sociological aspects of the study include human settlements, demography,
and social strata such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and literacy
levels besides infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic
aspects include occupational structure, income levels, spending patterns,
savingsetc., of households.
The key demographics of the study area comprising 87 villages is presented in
the table. The total population of the study area is 2,53,471. Out of this
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2,01,222 population comes under Andhra Pradesh and 52,249 population
comes under Karnataka state.
The details are presented in Table 3.12 below.
Table – 3.12 Salient Features of Demographics in Study Area
Table – 4.1
Salient Features of Demographics Study Area in Andhrapradesh State
Sl. No. Demographic Parameter Data as per Census 2011
Salient Features
1 Total Population (AP (No.)) - Males - Females
2.01 lakhs 1.01 lakh 1.0 lakh
• Forms 4.9% of the district population
• Sex Ratio in the area is 989 compared to 977 for the district
• 59.8% of the population in the study area is urban population.
2 SCs (No.) 0.22 lakh • Forms 3.8% of the SCs in the district
3 STs (No.) 0.03 lakh • Forms 1.7% of the STs in the district
4 Average Literacy (%) 64.8% • Almost the same as the district average of 63.6%
5 Households (No.) 0.46 lakh • Accounts for 4.8% of the total households in the district.
• Average 4.3 persons per household – 2.2 males and 2.1 females
Salient Features of Demographics Study Area in Karnataka State
1 Total Population (AP (No.)) - Males - Females
0.52 lakhs 0.26 lakh 0.26 lakh
• Forms 4.2% of the district population
• Sex Ratio in the area is 993 compared to 972 for the district
• 100% of the population in the study area is Rural population compared to 5.4% at the district level
2 SCs (No.) 0.14 lakh • Forms 4.4% of the SCs in the district
3 STs (No.) 0.10 lakh • Forms 6.5% of the STs in the district
4 Average Literacy (%) 58.5% • Almost the same as the district average of 62.4%
5 Households (No.) 0.12 lakh • Accounts for 4.4% of the total households in the district
• Average 4.1 persons per household – 2.1 males and 2.0 females
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3.11.8 Field survey
On the conclusion of the desk research, a two member study team was
constituted to plan and carry out SEIA. The team members have had
considerable exposure and experience in conducting large size socio-economic
research studies especially in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They are well
versed with the socio-economic setting in the project area and understood the
local dialect.
Planned and in-depth field surveys, spread across nine days between 16th and
26th December, 2016 constituted the most important element of the
methodology. Field surveys helped collect fairly reliable primary data with
respect to the major livelihood sources, family incomes and expenditure,
education and health status, basic amenities available, lifestyles, standard of
living etc., of sample households in the project impact zone. They also helped in
eliciting information from the natives about the negative environmental impacts
of industrial units already existing in the area and the measures initiated by the
units and authorities to mitigate the impacts.
Field surveys were carried out in all the 20 sample villages/towns contacting a
total of 236 households. The potential respondents in the sample households
were approached personally by the Field Investigators who explained the
purpose of the visit and solicited their participation by sharing the intended
information unabashedly. The Field Investigators also clarified the doubts and
apprehensions expressed by the respondents. Once the respondents were willing
and ready to participate, household level socio-economic information was
collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. A number of questions
were open ended to facilitate capturing perceptions of the respondents
objectively.
In addition to household surveys, Participatory Rapid Assessment (PRA) tools
comprising Transect Walks, Focus Group Discussions, and Opinion Leader
Interviews were used for collecting ward/village level qualitative information.
Accordingly, the study team carried out:
- Transect walks around all the sample villages/towns along with a few
natives.
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- Carried out 2 Focus Group Discussions, comprising 10 members per
group representing women, youth, household heads and opinion
leaders to elicit information pertaining to their awareness, expectations
and apprehensions about the proposed project.
3.11.9 Data Analysis
The data collected during the field survey and desk research phases was
processed, tabulated and analyzed with the help of basic quantitative and
qualitative analytical tools. The emerging results were validated through in-
house brainstorming and discussions with district level officials.
The socio-economic impact of the proposed project expansion was assessed in
terms of its effects on:
- Livelihoods and incomes
- Lifestyles and quality of life
- Community infrastructure – physical and social – facilities available.
3.11.10 Demographics
The 236 sample households have a total population of 1095 persons implying
an average 4.6 members per household.53.4% of the household population
are males and 46.6% females. 63.2% are adults; 19.3% children and 17.5%
aged. On an average, 46.7% of the household population is formally educated
– 64.4% of males and 35.6% of females.
The education profile points to that 50.5% have completed secondary
education followed by primary education (36.6%), Graduation (9.2%), Post-
graduation (2.0%), Vocational Courses (1.5%) and Professional Courses
(0.2%).
3.11.11 Assets Owned
The various assets owned and the percentage of household population owning
these assets is presented in Table 3.13.
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Table – 3.13
Ownership of Assets by Sample Households Ownership of Assets by Sample Households
Sl.No Assets Ownership Level (%) 1 Land 50.8 2 House 93.6 3 TV 95.8 4 Fridge 12.3 5 Mobilephone 90.2 6 Cooking Gas 79.2 7 Sewing machine 3.4 8 PC/Laptop 1.3 9 2-wheeler 42.4 10 Bicycle 16.5 11 Tractor/Truck/Mini-truck 4.3
3.11.12 Sources of Livelihood
Nonfarm sector livelihoods are quite predominant among the households
surveyed – Daily Wage Labour in construction and industry (37.8%); Self-
employment (15.4%), Private Sector Employment (12.0%) and Government
employment (8.1%). Nonetheless, Primary sector employment is also
significant with 26.7% of the workforce depending on activities such as
cultivation, poultry farming etc., for livelihood.
3.11.13 Family Incomes
55.1% of the households reported family incomes ranging between Rs.
5,001and10,000 p.m; 39.4% over Rs. 10,000/- p.m, while 43.6% had
incomes ranging between Rs 5001/- and Rs. 10000/- p.m.and 5.5% incomes
between Rs. 2001 and Rs. 5000/- p.m.
3.11.14 Family Expenditures
69.1% of the households reported family expenditure between Rs. 5,001 and
Rs. 10,000/- p.m; 15.7% between Rs.2,000/- and Rs. 5,000p.m; and 15.2%
>Rs. 10,000 p.m.
The pattern of average family expenditure points out that 59.5% of the
expenditure went for food and clothing; 26.0% for recreation and other needs;
9.6% for education; 3.6 % for healthcare and 1.3% for housing.
Living Standards
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� 67.8%of the households have pucca house; 28.8% have semi-
pucca house, and3.4% have kutcha houses
� 93.6% have own house while hardly 6.4% live in rented
accommodation
� 61.4% households have toilet on the premises
� 44.9% households have access to safe drinking water
� 95.8% have access to cable/DTH TV connection
� 79.2% have cooking gas connection
� 90.2% have mobile phones
3.11.15 Educational Facilities
The Project 10km Radios area more than members people studying in Govt &
Private educational Institutes and collecting only 20 sample villages
educational Intuitional information in DEO & MEO office in AP, Taluka office in
Karnataka States these are detailed table 3.14 in below:
Table-3.14
Category of Educational Intuitional Details in Mandal wise
Category Hindupur,
Andhrapradesh State
Gauribidanur,
Karnataka State
Govt Private Govt Private
Anganiwadi 52 0 8 0
Primary and Upper Primary Schools
25 10 6 2
Minority Schools 2 0 1 0
Z.P.H.Schools 6 12 2 2
Jr. Collges 2 10 1 0 Senior Colleges 1 1 0 0
Engg. Colleges 0 3 0 1
DIET/Bed/Pharma Colleges 0 4 0 0
Model Schools, KGBV Schools, Vocational Colleges & Residential Schools
2 0 1 0
Total 90 40 19 5
Source : DEO MEO Hindupur, Andhrapradesh, Gauribidanur, Karnataka Districts
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3.11.16 Health Status
The health and family welfare status and Government Allopathic medical
facilities information was collected from the Statistical Abstract of Andhra
Pradesh. We have observed the area health status information, child health
care and family welfare services to the people of the Andhra Pradesh State as
detailed in Table 3.15 below.
Table 3.15
Health Facilities Government Allopathic Medical Facilities in
Andhra Pradesh State and Ananthapur districts
Sl.No Item AP, State Ananthapur
1 General Hospitals 246 19 2 Hospitals for
Special Treatment 20 0
3 Allied Hospitals 14 3 4 Primary Health
Centers 1075 80
5 Diagnostic Centers 3 0 6 Beds Available 28753 1930 7 Dispensaries 78 5 8 Doctors working 5767 450 Source : Statistical Abstract of Andhra Pradesh-2015
The information was collected from Vital Statistics and Public Health. The right
to health is the economic, social and cultural right to the highest attainable
standard of health. The Estimated Birth, Death, and mortality rate of
Andhrapradesh State and Karrnataka State detailed in Table 3.16 below:
Table 3.16
Estimated Birth Rate, Death Rate and Infant Mortality Rate of Andhra Pradesh State
Sl. No
Particulars
2012 2013
Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11
Crude Birth Rate (per 1,000 Population)
17.9 16.6 17.5 17.7 16.7 17.4
2 Crude Death Rate (per 1,000 Population)
8.4 5.1 7.4 8.3 5.0 7.3
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Male 9.7 5.4 8.4 9.2 5.6 8.1 Female 7.2 4.8 6.4 7.4 4.5 6.6
3 Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 Live Births)
46 30 41 44 29 39
Male 45 27 40 43 28 39 Female 47 33 43 45 30 40
Note: These rates pertain to combined state. Andhra Pradesh state specific rates are not available. Source: Statistical Abstract of Andhra Pradesh-2015 and Vital
Statistics and Public Health.
Table 3.17:
Estimated Birth Rate, Death Rate and Infant Mortality Rate
in Karnataka State
3.11.17 Health Status of Surveyed Villages
There are 4 PHC, 3 Sub Center 6 Private clinics, 4 Private hospitals,
and 23 RMP’s in the sampled villages
8.5% of the household population reported incidence of lifestyle
and other diseases. The decease incidents reported 51.6% of aged
46.2% of active adults, and 2.2% of child. The following diseases
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are prevalent among the sampled population in the area below in
table 3.18
Table 3.18
Disease patterns observed in sampled villages
S.No Diseases % percentage
1 Hypertension 10.7 2 Asthma 6.4 3 T.B 1.2 4 Diabetes 11.8 5 Others (Skin allergies,
backaches, arthritis etc.) 69.9
3.11.18 Aspirations and Apprehensions
As revealed during focus group discussions, nearly70% of the respondents are
aware of the industrial growth in the area and about the project.While they are
convinced with the positive impacts of the project, they are also wary of the
negative impacts on the surrounding environment particularly water and air
pollution. The perceptions of the respondents as regards the development of
industry in the area could be summarized as follows:
o Industrial growth in the region has supported the sustainable livelihoods
in the area especially for skilled and semi-skilled persons.
o Development of the secondary sector in the area has positively
contributed to induced development leading to creation of multiplier self
and wage employment opportunities.
o It has helped strengtheningphysical and social infrastructure in the area.
o Ithas aggravated air pollution through release of obnoxious gases and
odors.
o It has contributed inward migration of people from diverse regions and
cultures.
o It also exerts severe pressure on the existing infrastructure, both
physical and social.
o It has also led to generation of hazardous industrial wastes.
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3.11.19 Physical Infrastructure
The entire study area has access to well-developed and reliable physical
infrastructure - road, rail, power and telecommunication network.Both public
and private modes of road transport are quite popular.
3.11.20 Social Infrastructure
Fairly well developed and reliable infrastructure exists in the area for basic
andprofessional education, healthcare, housing, banking, recreation and
marketing of goods and services.
3.11.21 Archaeological Monuments
No archaeological monuments and heritage precincts are observed to be
present in the project impact area.
3.12 Biotic Environment
Scope of work for this study is in line with the ToR assigned to the company
which include identification of ecologically sensitive receptors based on
literature survey and field investigations, prediction of impacts and their
mitigation with conservation action plan. The study was carried out in core
area (project site) and in buffer area i.e. 10.0 km periphery from the project
site. The study was carried out scientifically using primary and secondary data
in order to bring out factual information on the ecological conditions of the
project site and its surroundings. Biological assessment of the site was done to
identify the presence of any Rare or Endangered or Endemic or Threatened
(REET) species of flora or fauna in the project site or core area as well its
buffer zone and to identify whether there are any ecologically sensitive area
within the area that is likely to be impacted (buffer zone). The study also
designed to suggest suitable mitigation measures if necessary for protection of
wildlife habitats conservation of REET species if any.
3.12.1 Method of study
1. Baseline data of Terrestrial and Aquatic biological environment by
studying distribution pattern, community structure, population dynamics
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and species composition of Flora and Fauna. Secondary data is collected
from various sources.
2. Areas used by protected, important or sensitive species of Flora or Fauna
for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration shall
be as ascertained.
3. Photo documentation of the flora and fauna including local habitats
showing the ecological status of the project site.
4. Discussing the predicted impacts by the proposed activity with local
villagers and EIA functional area experts on air, water, noise and other
pollutants.
5. Impacts quantification through vegetation analysis.
6. Preparation of the mitigation measures if applicable.
Survey Types used
1. Reconnaissance survey (Near Agricultural, Human habitations and Road
side)
2. Quadrate and Line transact method for trees, shrubs and herbs.
3. Belt transects method for road side trees and butterflies.
4. Point count method for birds.
5. Direct and Indirect evidences for Mammals and other faunal species.
3.12.2 Methodology
A reconnasnce survey has been made randomly to observe the critical habitats
to study in detail. General interviews were made with local people on native
animals and medicinal plants used frequently. A thorough review was made at
each sampling point and spent about 20-30 minutes at each point. The present
environmental condition is observed at core and buffer areas.
A detailed survey of flora and fauna was carried out during the study period.
The total area was analysed in detail and with GIS tools and marked around
20 sampling points by covering the various ecosystems of core and buffer
zones in all the directions. Only photographs were taken during the field
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survey and no damage is created to flora and fauna during the sampling.
Specimens were not collected and preserved.
Figure 3.19 Sampling points of Flora and fauna of the study area
3.12.3 Floral study
Quadrate method has been used for carryout the study of trees, shrubs, herbs
and grasses. 10 m X 10 m Quadrates for tree species, 5 m X 5 m quadrates
for shrubs and 1 m X 1 m quadrates for herbs. statistical analysis is made for
32 sampling points. Species were compared with standard floras and
identifying the plants need for conservation. The status of the each species
was represented by common, sporadic or rare. The data was compared with
the list mentioned in red data book to check REET species.
Ecological parameters viz., abundance, density, frequency, Relative
abundance(RA), Relative density(RD), Relative frequency(RF), Important value
index(IVI), Shannon-Wiener diversity index were derived from the quantitative
primary data collected during field survey.
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3.12.4 Faunal study
A detailed study has been carried out for faunal species by direct and indirect
methods. Direct sightings were made for aves, reptiles and insects and
secondary data on mammals was collected from local villagers. Bird surveys
were carried out through point count method at dawn and desk near water
bodies. These techniques are accepted in EIA studies as per the EIA
Notification of 2006. The species sighted were photographed and identified
with standard pictorial guides. Scheduling of species were done according to
Indian Wildlife Protection act (1972) and IUCN is done for each species and
checked the REET species. No quantitative data was calculated as some
species are listed through secondary source. As the animals were migratory,
habitats used by protected, important or sensitive species for breeding,
nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration were ascertained.
3.12.5 Present Status of biotic environment
Within the project site the area is totally covered with small herbs and grass
varieties. The proposed project falls in
� 6D – Deccan Peninsula Deccan Plateau as per the Biogeography
Classification of India.
� Hot Semi arid type as per the India's Köppen climate classification.
The vegetation of the study area falls under
� 5A: Southern tropical dry deciduous forests C3: Southern dry mixed
deciduous forest;
� 6A: Southern tropical thorn forests DS1: Southern thorn scrub, 2S1:
Secondary dry deciduous forest
by revised classification of Indian forest types (Champion and Seth, 1968).
These types of forests are seen throughout the Eastern Ghats and few
parts of Western Ghats of the country.
3.12.6 Ecology of Core zone:
The core zone habitat is from project site boundary to 5 sq. km. urban and
natural vegetation is found towards other directions. It is very clear that
manmade ecosystem is predominant. The dominant species are Phoenix
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sylvestris, Borassus flabellifer, Prosopis juliflora, Ficus microcape, Acacia
nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Ficus benghalensis, Tectona grandis, Leucaena
leucocephala, Acacia auriculiformis, Tecoma stans, Alstonia scholaris,
Dalbergia sisoo, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Thespesia populnea, Polyalthia
longifolia, and Pongamia pinnata under natural vegetation Anacardium
occidentale and Coconut plantations are observed in few sampling points. A
detailed list of trees, shrubs, herbs and ornamental plants present in the Core
zone is mentioned in Annexure VII. The faunal composition generally with
arboreal and semi arboreal based animals. Within the core zone common
mongoose, Squirrels are sighted apart from few reptilian species. Common
bird species such as Herons, Paddy egrets, Green bee eaters, Indian rollers,
Parakeets, White headed babblers, Weaver birds, Mynas, Black drangos,
Crows, Sparrows are sighted here. Butterflies and dragonflies are fairly
common near herbs and flowering shrubs.
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3.12.7 Ecology of Bufferzone:
The buffer zone habitat from 5 km radius of the project site to 10 km radius
for the project site. Buffer zone is mostly with human habitations. There no
forests or surface water bodies found in this region. The penna river is also
very dry and dominant with weed species. Agricultural activities include
mulbary, Ground nut, chillies. This area is having few shrubs having xerophytic
adaptation. Most of the region is barren and rocky. Hence vegetative survey
mainly conducted on herbs and shrubs. The water scarcity observed in the
entire region and hence the entire buffer zone of the study area can be treated
as discontinuous distribution of natural vegetation and dominant by weeds
such as Prosopis and Borassus species. As there are no RFs within this zone,
faunal composition was also limited. The floral quantification has been done in
the buffer zone areas where quadrate method is adopted. There are no
endangered and endemic plants present in the buffer and core zones. There
are no medicinal, timber / fuel wood, fodder and other socio-economic
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purposes. The vegetation is analyzed statistically at various points and
recorded the diversity and density of individuals. The faunal composition was
also estimated based on the direct and indirect evidences. Tectona grandis,
Cocos nucifera. Phoenix aculis, Borassus flabellifer, Azadirachta indica,
Prosopis spicegera, Ficus sp, Acacia sp, Tribulus terrstris, Achyranthes aspera,
Balanites aegyptiaca, Caesalpinia bonduc, Euphorbia cardifolia, E. tirucelli.
Opuntia, Sarcostemma viminale are mainly restricted to waste and cultivable
waste lands ands. Albizia procera, Albizia lebbeck, Delonix regia, Azadirachta
indica, Peltoforum sp., Terminalia catappa, Psidium guava, Dalbergia sissoo
and Tamarindus indica are predominant near villages. A detailed list of
plantations, floral and faunal species present in the buffer zone is mentioned in
Annexure VII.
Buffer zone Non Forest Vegetation
In the non-forest area, different types of vegetation were recorded. Tree
species in these sites were mostly planted and few were natural. Trees
available in the non-forest area are classified into four categories in the study
area. These categories are:
• Roadside: Trees planted along the road side. The dominant plant species
are Acacia, Neem, Ficus, Peltoforum, Sisoo, Rain Tree, etc.
• Village woodlot: Naturally growing or planted trees on community /private
land. The dominant plant species are Neem, Ficus, Banana, Mango,
Bamboo, etc.
• Pond side vegetation: Mostly planted trees along the pond side of the
villages. The dominant plant species are Ficus, Typha, and Lantana etc.
Identification of Flora
The species of flora found during the species identification survey within
and in the buffer zone are given at Annexure-VII.
3.12.7.1 Shannon Index and Species Diversity
The Shannon indices value of core zone is 3.18 indicates good diversity as well
as population size and Dominance of the species is 46% and Evenness is
around 93%. Distribution pattern of species was identified as
discontinuous/random distribution as the value of A/F ratio is 0.040 which is
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more than 0.050 as per Curtis and Cottam (1956). This might be due to
contiguous patches of Eucalyptus species and natural species such Azadirachta
indica, Borassus flabellifer, Prosopis juliflora (near the villages), Alstonia
scholaris, Peltophorum pterocarpum (near road side) and Casuarina
equisetifolia, Bamboo, Sissoo, coconut, mango.
3.12.7.2 Fauna and Wildlife
The present study reveals that 9 mammalian species, 71 avian species and 15
reptilian species were recorded from this area
Threatened and Endangered Animal Species (terrestrial)
Ptyas mucosa Indian Rat Snake Sch- II LC
Xenochrophis piscator Checkered Keel back Sch- II LC
Varanus bengalensis Indian Monitoring Lizard Sch- II LC
Vipera ruselli Russell’s viper Sch- II LC
Naja naja Indian Cobra Sch- II LC
Ophiophagus hannah King cobra Sch- II LC
CHAPTER-4
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CHAPTER - 4
IDENTIFICATION & PREDICTION OF IMPACTS
4.1 Identification of impacts
Identification of impacts is one of the basic analytical steps of EIA for
subsequent prediction and evaluation of impacts. A number of
methodologies are available for the identification of impacts. “Net Work
Method”, which follows the cause – condition- Effect relationship is adopted
for identifying impacts due to the activities of proposed expansion of M/S RL
Fine Chem Private Limited
The generation of cause –condition –effect networks (chain of events)
should follow the above mentioned activities and actions. This type of
method is advantageous in recognizing the series of impacts triggered by
the plant activities. Thus this method had provided a “Road map” type of
approach to the identification of second and third order effects.
The idea was to account for the project activity and identify the different
types of impacts that would initially occur. The next was to select each
impact and identify the impacts. The main advantage of this approach is
that it allowed identifying the impacts by selecting and tracing out the
events as they may occur.
4.2 Impact Networks
The purpose of identifying the impacts is that if it aids in making appropriate
decision to mitigate the adverse consequences if any. It may be pointed out
that the distinction between magnitude and importance of the impact should
be appreciated. Thus the degree of extensiveness and scale of impacts and
consequence based on value judgments are generalized while identifying
impacts. As it is imperative that the impact will normally lead to a chain of
reactions, The construction of network charts brings out to certain extent
the appropriate levels of the risks that may occur due to the interventions
while interacting with hydrogeological, biological and social systems. Fig 4.1
to 4.6 represents the identified impacts for various components of
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environment viz. air, noise, and water land and socio economic aspects. In
the above mentioned figure the lines means –“had an effect on”
4.2.1 Air Environment
The Primary impact of air pollutants will be on the air quality. The chemical
composition of air may change drastically if dispersion is slow. This will lead
to if pollution is for shorter period, immediate health problems. If it
continues for a long period, it may also have an impact on climatic changes,
ecological equilibrium and economic production of crops. The odor and
visibility aspects of air pollutant can have impacts on aesthetics of region
4.2.2 Water Environment
Waste water will affect the environment both directly and indirectly primarily
it may affect the land and water quality. This leads to deterioration of
production levels of both terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna
4.2.3 Noise Environment
The noise will primarily effect the ambient noise levels. Excessive noise will
trigger health risks such as headaches, depression, deafness and retardation
of sensory mechanisms
4.2.4 Land Environment
The change in the land use during and after the construction phase is un
avoidable. However as long as it is not affecting the soil quality chemistry
and sedimentation, the impact is not an undesirable one At the Secondary
level the impact will lead to change of agricultural production and livestock
4.2.5 Biological Environment
The particulate matter and chemical compounds tend to alter soil matrix and
water quality. The impact will be on the native biota leading to density
reduction and extinction of sensitive species. There may be change in the
species diversity and food chain
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4.2.6 Socio-economic Environment
Primarily, the impact is expected on the economic environment. The
generation of jobs will occur during operation and construction phases.
There is scope of multiplier effect on secondary and tertiary employment.
The socio economic structure will have a positive change and quality of life
would improve due to increase in urbanization and cosmopolitanism.
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PROJECT
RELEASE OF AIR POLLUTANTS RELEASE OF HEAT
CHANGE IN
AIR QUALITY
IMPACTS ON
VISIBILITY
PARTICULATES
DEPOSITION ON
SOIL, WATER,
LAND
PRIMARY
IMPACTS
SECONDARY
IMPACTS
TERTIARY
IMPACTS
IMPACT ON
HUMAN HEALTH
IMAPCTS ON
ECONOMIC
OUTPUT
AESTHETIC
IMPACTS
IMPACTS ON
AGRICULTURAL
CLIMATIC CHANGES
IMPACTS ON FLORA &
FAUNA
IMPACTS ON SOCIO CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
Fig 4.1 Impacts Network for Air Environment
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PROJECT
NOISE EMISSION
PRIMARY
IMPACTS
SECONDARY
IMPACTS
TERTIARY
IMPACTS
CHANGE IN AMBIENT
NOISE LEVEL
HEALTH RISKS
Fig 4.2 Impacts Network for Noise Environment
MIGRATION OF BIRDS,
REPTILES POPILATION
IMPACTS ON WORK
OUTPUT & EFFICIENCY
IMPACTS ON
ECONOMIC OUTPUT
IMPACTS ON SOCIO
CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
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PROJECT
PRIMARY
IMPACTS
SECONDARY
IMPACTS
TERTIARY
IMPACTS
Fig 4.3 Impacts Network for Land Environment
IMPACTS ON
ECONOMIC OUTPUT
IMPACTS ON SOCIO
CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
DISTRUBANCE OF
LAND
ABSTRACTION OF
WATER
DISPOSAL OF WASTE
WATER SLUDGE ON LAND
CHANGE IN SOIL
TEXTURE &
PERMEABILITY
CHANGE IN GROUND
WATER REGIME
SALTWATER
INTRUSION
SUBSTANCES ON LAND
PARTICULATE DEPOSITION
ON LAND
IMPACTS ON
LANDSCAPE
SOIL SALINITY IMPACTS ON FLORA &
FAUNA
IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCE
IMPACTS ON LIVE
STOCK
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PROJECT
Fig 4.4 Impacts Network for Biological Flora & Fauna
AIR EMISSION WASTE WATER SOLID WASTE
SOIL MATRIX
SOIL ACIDIFICATION
AFFECT NATIVE SOIL BIOTA
NITROGEN FIXING NITRIFYING OTHER pH SENSITIVE MICRO FLORA
DECOMPOSITION MINERILIZATION OF ORGANIC MATTER
REDUCTION IN SOIL FERTILITY & PRODUCTIVITY
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EFFECTS OF WASTE WATER
Fig 4.5 Identification of Likely Impacts of waste water
DIRECT INDIRECT
LAND ECO SYSTEM WATER ECO SYSTEM LAND ECO SYSTEM WATER ECOSYSTEM
ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCES SOCIO ECONOMIC
IMBALANCES
CHANGE IN SOIL
TEXTURE
SHIFT IN GROUP OF
DESIRED ORGANISMS
INJURIOUS TO
EXISTING PLANT
COMMUNITY
CHANGE IN WATER
RESOURCES
SHIFT IN THE DYNAMIC
POPULATION OF ACQUATIC
FLORA AND FAUNA
DELETERIOUS TO WATER
LIVING BODIES
FERTILITY OF LAND
PATTERN OF CROPS
GROUND WATER
TABLES & ITS QUALITY
COMMUNITY
HEALTH
SHIFT IN DYNAMICS
FLORA FAUNA
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PROJECT
Fig 4.6 Impacts Network for Socio Economic & Cultural Environment
ECONOMIC INPUT
COST
DEVELOPMENT OF
ANCILLARY
INDUSTRIES
ECONOMIC
OUTPUT COST
BETTER
PRODUCT
AVAILABILITY
AIR WATER
LAND NOISE
POLLUTION
EFFECT ON
HUMAN HEALTH
SAVING OF FOREIGN
EXCHANGE
NET INCOME OUTPUT
CHANGE IN ECONOMIC
BASE OF THE REGION
Employment
Opportunities
DEMAND for
Communication
FACILITIES
Demand for
Infrastructure
Facilities
EFFECT ON
Agriculture &
Fisheries
EFFECT ON Visual
Environment
EFFECT ON Building
Materials,
Monuments
EFFECT on Supply,
Sewerage, solid
waste Management
EFFECT on
Educations, Medical,
Transport Facilities
EFFECT on Human
health & Recreational
facilities
AESTHETIC
RISK
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4.3 Prediction of Impact on Air Quality
4.3.1 Details of Mathematical Modeling
A large number of different mathematical models for dispersion calculations
are in practice in many parts of the world. Most of the models for prediction of
downwind concentrations are based on Gaussian dispersion. The principle
behind the Gaussian dispersion models is Gaussian probability distribution of
concentration in both vertical and horizontal cross wind directions about the
plume central line.
Predictions of ground level concentrations of the pollutants were carried out
based on site meteorological data collected during the study period. For
calculation of predicted ground level concentrations, AERMOD, a model of
Lakes Environmental based on USEPA, ISCST3 algorithms, was used; as it’s
based on more sophisticated algorithm incorporating deposition, better
algorithm for area sources, etc.
The ISC3 models include several new features. A revised area source
algorithm and revised dry deposition algorithm have been incorporated in the
models. The ISC3 models also include an algorithm for modeling impacts of
particulate emissions from open pit sources, such as surface coal mines. The
Short Term model includes a new wet deposition algorithm, and also
incorporates the COMPLEX1 screening model algorithms for use with complex
and intermediate terrain. When both simple and complex terrain algorithms
are included in a Short Term model run, the model will select the higher
impact from the two algorithms on an hour-by-hour, source-by-source, and
receptor by- receptor basis for receptors located on intermediate terrain, i.e.,
terrain located between the release height and the plume height.
The salient features of the ISCST3 model are presented below in Table 4.1.
The air quality predictions have been made using the model evaluation
protocol for fugitive dust impact modeling for surface coal mining operations
(EPA 1995, EPA 1994).
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Table 4.1
S.No Item Details
1 Model name ISCST3 (Based on USEPA algorithm)
2 Source Types Point, Area, Volume, Open Pits
3 Dispersion Equation Steady State Gaussian Plume
Equation
4 Diffusion Parameters Pasquill Gifford Co-efficient
5 Plume Rise Briggs Equation
6 Time Average 1 hr to Annual/Period Has Short
Term and Long Term modeling
options
7 Deposition Both Dry and Wet Deposition
8 Application Input Data:
(i) Source Data Stack co-ordinates
(ii) Receptor Data Grid interval, number of receptors,
receptor elevations
(iii)Meteorological Data Hourly meteorological data i.e.
wind speed, direction, ambient
temperature, stability and mixing
heights
4.3.1.1 Model Formulation
The model uses the following steady state Gaussian plume equation. The basic
equation for calculating the concentration of pollutants for any point in x, y, z
co-ordinates is given below:
C(x,y,z,H) = Q/2π σy σz U exp[-1/2(y/σy)2] x [exp{-1/2(z-h/σz)
2}
+ exp{-1/2 (z+H/σz)2}]
Where
C= Concentration of pollutants in mg/cu m
Q= Strength of emissions in g/sec.
H= Effective Height (m), i.e., physical height + plume raise
y, z= diffusion coefficients in y and z directions in m.
U= average wind velocity in m/sec.
The following assumptions are made in Gaussian dispersion model.
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This model assumes no diffusion in the down wind direction and thus
applicable to a plume and not a puff of pollutant. The dispersion parameter
values used for horizontal dispersion coefficient and vertical dispersion
coefficients are those given in the “Work book of atmospheric dispersion
estimates”. These dispersion coefficients assume a sampling time of about 10
min., the height values of interest to be in the lowest several hundred meters
of the atmosphere, a surface corresponding to the open country. The stacks
are tall enough to be free from building turbulence so that no aerodynamic
down wash occurs. The given stability exists from ground level to well above
the top of the plume.
The Gaussian dispersion model has been tested extensively for its validity and
found to be reasonably applicable for different atmospheric conditions. BIS has
also adopted this basic plume dispersion model. Hence the same model is
adopted for predictions of downwind concentrations of pollutants in this report.
4.3.1.2 Meteorological Data
Data recorded by the weather monitoring station at site on wind speed,
direction, solar insolation, temperature and cloud cover at one hourly interval
for three months i.e. One full season has been used for computations. Hourly
atmospheric stability determined based on the technique suggested by Turner.
Visual observations were made on for the solar insolation and cloud cover
during study period. The methodology adopted for establishing the hourly
stability class is given in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2 Atmospheric Stability Classification
Wind
Speed
(m/sec)
Insolation (Day time) Night time
Strong Moderate Slight
Thin over cast
or >4/8 low
cloud
<3/8
Cloud
<2 A A-B B - -
2-3 A-B B C E F
3-5 B B-C C D E
5-6 C C-D D D D
>6 C D D D D
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Mixing Height:
As the site specific mixing height is not available USEPA approved general
mixing heights as applicable for Industrial Source Complex (ISC) model have
been considered for modeling to establish the worst case scenario. The mixing
heights considered for modeling is given Table 4.3.
Table 4.3 Mixing Heights Considered for Computations
Stability Class Mixing Height (m)
A 1300
B & C 900
D 750
E & F 400
4.3.2 Plant Emissions
The sources of air pollution from the plants of RL Fine Chem Private Limited
are outlined in the table. The major pollutants generated from the fuel
combustion are SO2, NOx and Particulate Matter. Based on fuel analysis and
combustion details the emission rates of above pollutants are calculated. The
emission rates of SO2, NOx and Particulate Matter from each stack are
presented in Table 4.4.
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Table 4.4 Emission Details of Pollutants from Stack
S. No Stack Connected
to
Stack
Ht
(m)
Fuel
Dia of
stack at
top(m)
Temp. of
exhaust
gases (0C)
Exit
Velocity
(m/sec)
Emission Rate (g/sec)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
Existing
1 Boiler
1X 2.0TPH 21 Briquettes 0.5 120 6.15 0.15 0.04 0.25 0.13
2 DG Set 1X200 KVA 3.0 Diesel 0.1 109 15.8 0.03 0.01 0.31 0.65
3 Thermic fluid heater
-1lakhs K.cal/hr. 10 Diesel 0.35 120 5.64 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02
Proposed
1 Boiler
1X 2.0 TPH 30 Briquettes 1.0 120 6 .17
0.16 0.05 0.23 0.12
2 1X250 KVA 4.0 Diesel 0.2 150 14.18 0.04 0.02 0.33 0.68
3 Thermic fluid heater
-1lakhs K.cal/hr. 10 Diesel 0.35 120 5.64 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02
Note: 1) DG sets are being used as standby power source only. (Average running hours per day is about 2 Hours).
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4.3.2.1 Air Quality Predictions
Predictions of ground level concentrations of the pollutants were carried out
based on site meteorological data collected during the period from October –
Dec 2017. For calculation of ground level concentrations a grid of 20 km X 20
km with a receptor interval of 500 meters is considered.
The composition of particulate matter was obtained from USEPA AIRCHIEF AP-
42 and the same was considered in determining the source concentration of
PM10 for prediction purpose. The predicted maximum 24 hourly ground level
concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 SO2 and NOx and distance of occurrence during
different seasons of study period are presented in Table 4.5.
It may be observed that the annual predicted maximum 24 hourly GLC’s of
PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx are 1.27, 0.52, 1.67 and 1.60 mg/m3 respectively
and the maximum values are observed at a distance of 3.0 km from the center
of plant site in North West direction. However it may be noted that the
predicted values of the SO2 and NOx are based on the assumption that the DG
sets are used constantly, where as the DG set usage is only during load shut
down from APSPDCL.
The GLC’s are also predicted at air quality monitoring locations and the
predicted GLC’s are presented in Tables 4.6 and the cumulative
concentrations at various villages are tabulated in Table 4.7.It may be
observed from the Table that the predicted results show that the incremental
rise over existing base line status of ambient air quality is within the limits
prescribed by CPCB for residential and rural areas. Hence the control measures
and height of stack is sufficient to disperse the pollutants into the atmosphere
and keeping the baseline levels within the prescribed limits. The predicted
ground level concentrations are graphically displayed for PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
and NOx respectively in Figure 4.7 – 4.10.
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Table 4.5
Maximum Predicted 24 hourly GLC’s
S.No Parameter Predicted GLC
(µg/m3)
Distance
(KM)
Direction
1 PM10 1.27 3.0 NW
2 PM2.5 0.52 3.0 NW
3 SO2 1.67 3.0 NW
4 NOX 1.60 3.0 NW
Table 4.6
Predicted GLC’s at Monitoring Locations
S.
No
Monitoring
Location
Directio
n
Distanc
e (Km)
Predicted GLC (µg/m3)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
1 Project Site -- --
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 Thumukunta W 0.8 Km 0.269 0.091 0.520 0.438
3 Appalakunta NW 3.0 Km 1.268 0.516 1.671 1.598
4 Gopllaram E 2.1 Km
0.253 0.085 0.493 0.414
5 Hunasenahalli NE 3.7 Km
0.129 0.046 0.230 0.199
6 Yakaralahalli W 5.8 Km
0.482 0.171 0.457 0.491
7 Huchodanahalli SE 4.1Km
0.034 0.011 0.025 0.030
8 Gowdasandra S 5.8 Km
0.057 0.019 0.047 0.054
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Table 4.7
Cumulative Concentrations at Various Villages
Location
Direct
ion
Dista
nce Base Line Predicted 24 Hr GLC Cumulative
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox
Project Site -- -- 88.20 41.2 16.3 22.6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 88.20 41.20 16.30 22.60
Thumukunta W 0.8
Km 86.30 34.2 14.6 21.6 0.27 0.09 0.52 0.44 86.57 34.29 15.12 22.04
Appala kunta NW 3.0
Km 67.30 30.4 12.2 20.3 1.27 0.52 1.67 1.60 68.57 30.92 13.87 21.90
Gollapuram E 2.1
Km 77.40 30.4 12.4 20.1 0.25 0.09 0.49 0.41 77.65 30.49 12.89 20.51
Hunasenahalli NE 3.7
Km 68.4 30.1 13.5 21.7 0.13 0.05 0.23 0.20 68.53 30.15 13.73 21.90
Yekaralahalli W 5.8
Km 61.3 28.4 11.3 20.4 0.48 0.17 0.46 0.49 61.78 28.57 11.76 20.89
Huchodanahalli SE 4.1Km 68.4 28.4 12.1 19.3 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03 68.43 28.41 12.13 19.33
Gowdasandra S 5.8
Km 69.2 32.6 10.2 20.3 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.05 69.26 32.62 10.25 20.35
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Figure 4.7 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of PM10
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Figure 4.8 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of PM2.5
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Figure 4.9 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of SO2
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Figure 4.10 Isopleths Showing 24 Hourly GLC’s of NOX
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4.4 Prediction of Impacts on the Noise Environment
The sound pressure level generated by noise sources decreases with
increasing distance corm the source due to waved divergence. An additional
decrease in sound pressure level with distance from the source is expected,
due to atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission
path.
For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogeneous loss free
medium, cane and estimate noise levels at various locations, due to different
sources using model based of first principle as per the following equation:
Lp2 = Lp1 Log (r2/r1) – Area ……… (1)
Where Lp1 and Lp2 are sound pressure levels at points located at distances r1
and r2 from the source and Ae1.2 is the excess attenuation due to
environmental conditions. Combined effect of all the sources can then be
determined at various locations by logarithmic addition.
In the first approximation one can assume that for all general population in the
villages, every noise source in the plant is a point source. The average
equivalent sound power level of such a point source can be estimated for
different distances and directions from hypothetical source by applying
equation:
Lp = Lw - 20 Log r Ae – 81 ………(2)
Where Lw is the sound power level3 of the source, Lp is the sound pressure
level at a distance of a r and Ae Is environmental attenuation factor. A
combined noise level Lp (Total) of all the sources at a particulate place is given
by:
Lp (Total) = 10 Log ( 10(Lp1/10) + 10 (Lp2/10)+ …..) ……(3)
Noise levels emanating from most of the proposed bulk drug industries in the
Pharma complex are given in Table 4.8
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Table 4.8
Average typical Noise Levels from Existing Industrial Units
No Source Noise Level – dB(A)
1 DG Sets 80 – 85
2 Pumps 70 – 75
3 Air Compressor 75 – 80
The DG sets are used only during power failure for controlling emergency
operations. Predictions have been made taking into account all operations and
utilities thus reflecting the worst – case scenario. The predicted cumulative
noise levels due to the source and the existing level as calculated from the
logarithmic model without noise attenuation ranged between 40dB to 70 dB at
a distance ranging between 100 m and 15 m. There is no residential area in
the immediate surroundings and also the area is identified industrial
development area, the impact of noise on the population is the surrounding
areas are negligible. The model assumes that there are no
obstructions/structures. However it must be noted that green belt will
attenuate the noise levels further.
4.5 Prediction of Impacts on Water Environment
Impact on water Quality
No impact on water quality is anticipated as the unit proposed Zero Liquid
discharge treatment system and proposed to re-use water after the treatment.
The total water required for the plant is proposed to met from APIIC Water
supply. The effluents generated in the plant are treated in the Zero Liquid
Discharge plant and re-used for plant, utilities and green belt. So the impact
on water quality is negligible.
Ground water quality improvement
The overall type of groundwater occurring around the proposed site is
indicative of fresh water with low to moderate total dissolved solids (TDS), and
moderate presence of magnesium (Mg), sulphate (SO4), and chloride (Cl)
concentrations.
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Impact on water Resources
In collaboration with the state departments, Central Ground Water Board
(CGWB) carried out ground water resource estimation and categorization
studies for the Hindupur Mandal of Anantapur District for the year 2008-09.
The CGWB has categorized the area as ‘over exploited’ with the stage of
ground water utilization of 106%, indicating little scope for ground water
development. These details are applicable to the study area also, as it is part
of this Mandal.
The plant at RL Fine Chem Pvt Ltd is not using any ground water source for its
plant utilization. The plant’s water requirements are met by the water supplies
provided by the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC),
which is in turn is drawing water from the Pennar River Balancing Reservoir
(PRBR) scheme. As there are no boreholes and ground water provision in the
area, APIIC is supplying water to all the industrial units situated in the
Thumukunta Industrial Area.
The drinking water requirement at the plant is about 200 lts/day. At the
moment the plant is buying water in cans for its drinking water needs. There
is proposal for installing Reverse Osmosis (R.O) Plant so as to get regular
supply of treated water.
4.6 Prediction of Impacts on Soil
The overall impact on soil is negligible as the treated effluent is reused in
the plant and balance is used for greenbelt after treatment. The solid waste
generated from boiler is sold to brick manufacturers in the vicinity. Organic
residues generated from process, solvent recovery system, stripper will be
sold to cement plants. The evaporation salts containing mainly salts
generated in the process are collected and sent to TSDF facilities. However
temporary storage facility consisting of an elevated platform, covered with a
shed and garland drain to collect any leachate and transfer facility to the
effluent treatment plant is provided. Green belt development surrounding
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the plant site would improve the soil quality and surrounding ecology and
aesthetic appeal of the area. Trees will absorb specific air pollutants, reduce
noise pollution, reduce soil temperature, help in holding moisture in the soil,
attract more birds and overall will help in maintaining the homeostasis of
the environment. Further to existing green belt, an additional area of
greenbelt is proposed to be developed which will significantly improve the
environmental quality
4.7 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment
The socio-economic impacts of the proposed project expansion by RLFC
could be assessed in terms of demand-supply aspects for goods and services
in the area, pressure on natural resources and infrastructure, growth of
industry, sustainability of livelihoods and employment.
Some indirect impacts can also be understood in terms of public health and
safety, preserving local culture and community aesthetics.
It is however important to appreciate that socio-economic impact of the
commercial and industrial development in the impact area is already
considerable and RLFL’s proposed expansion may not make a conspicuous
incremental difference. Further, given the size and nature of RLFC’s project,
its socio-economic impacts will be limited at best to the core zone and not
beyond. It is not likely to make any striking impact on the socio-economic
environment obtaining in the buffer and transition zones.
Based on a close understanding and assessment, the socio-economic
impacts of RLFC’s project expansion are predicted as follows:
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Sl.
No.
Impact Area Predicted Impacts
Positive Negative
1 Natural
Resource
Sustainability
� No shifts in land use pattern would occur.
� Increased pressure on exploitation of
groundwater resources in the
area. � Possible
contamination of groundwater if
adequate safeguards are not taken.
2 Human
Settlement
� No land acquisition and
displacement of people or habitations would be
involved. Land required for project expansion
already exists within RLFC’s factory premises
in IDA-Thumkunta.
� Nil
3 Livelihoods � No loss of existing livelihoods in the area is
expected to occur. � Additional nonfarm
livelihood opportunities are expected directly and
as spinoffs.
� Marginal influx of people in project
construction and operation phases.
4 Employment
Generation
� Creation of employment
opportunities for about
40 local skilled and semi-skilled workers during
project construction phase.
� Creation of sustainable employment for
additional 30 skilled workers during project operation phase, in production as also
auxiliary activities. � Multiplier effect due to
induced growth during construction and
operational phases in
downstream and
� Nil
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Sl.
No.
Impact Area Predicted Impacts
Positive Negative
upstream project activities for about 50
persons, majority of them women and youth.
5 Spinoffs � Development/upgradation of vocational and soft
skills of about 100 local youth over the next five years thus enhancing
their employability. � Emergence of local
entrepreneurs in complementary activities
such as small business, transportation, education,
housekeeping, repairs and maintenance etc.
� Possible emergence of increased and
unfair competition in local markets adversely impacting
businesses and livelihoods of some.
6 Incomes and
Revenues
� Improvement of money
incomes of locals by an average 10% p.a.
� Improved tax revenues of Panchayat by about Rs. 2
lakhs p.a.
� Nil
7 Demographics � The population levels of the neighbouring areas are not likely to change in
any significant manner.
� The lifestyles are expected to improve in
tune with the rise in incomes and
improvement in infrastructure facilities.
� The skill sets of the local residents are expected to improve in keeping with the emerging
employment opportunities.
� Health of people residing in the core impact zone is likely
to be impacted
adversely as a consequence of air
pollution.
8 Physical
Infrastructure
� Road and power network
in the area is expected to be strengthened as a
sequel to industrial
� Increased vehicle
traffic leading to probable higher
incidence of
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Sl.
No.
Impact Area Predicted Impacts
Positive Negative
development around. � Contribution to
strengthening Swachh Bharat mission
accidents.
9 Social
Infrastructure
� Improvement to housing stock, educational
facilities and healthcare facilities in the neighbouring areas as a
sequel to rising industrialization.
� Increased pressure on residential
accommodation, water supply and sanitation in the
neighborhood.
10 Community
Aesthetics
� Building plans and quality of construction in the
area is expected to improve in the years to
go as a sequel to industrial development.
� No heritage precincts and
archaeological monuments in project
site vicinity would be adversely impacted.
� Nil
4.8 Prediction of Impact on local flora and fauna
The proposal is for expansion of the manufacturing capacity in the existing
Drug manufacturing unit. Hence construction, operation of the Project
involving actions, will not cause physical changes in the locality. No existing
buildings or vegetation will be disturbed and forest and timber resources are
never be used during any phase of the project.
The proposed activities affect environmental segments of the surrounding
region not very significant. The effect on biological environment can be divided
into two parts, viz. the effect on biodiversity and habitat. Effect on flora is due
to two main reasons, land clearing due to construction activities.
4.8.1 Impacts classification and grading:
The impacts of the proposed project may be divided into two criteria aspects
based when the impacts are likely to occur:
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1. Impacts during construction or establishment and
2. Impacts during operation
The activities associated with the proposed activity will have very less impacts
on terrestrial flora and fauna of the core area and buffer zone area.
The overall impact of the project is:
Magnitude: less
Extent: The extent of the impact is on-site as the impacts will be limited to
the boundaries of the Site.
Duration: Nil
Intensity or magnitude: The intensity is very less during construction and
operation phases.
Reversible or Irreversible: Nil
Direct or indirect: Nil
Ecological factors
Species diversity No reduction
Habitat loss or fragmentation Nil
Affect on any additional risk or threat to the rare or
endangered or endemic or threatened (REET)
species
Nil
Any impairment of ecological functions such as (i)
disruption of food chains, (ii) decline in species
population and or (iii) alterations in predator-prey
relationships
Nil
Is it possible to attain the global objectives of “no
net loss” of biodiversity
Yes
Is it possible to improve the biological diversity
through the proposed mitigation activity
Yes
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From the above table, it is very clear that proposed activity shall not impact on
the biodiversity of the region. Hence it is recommended to construct the
proposed project in the proposed locality by following certain conservation
measures. However, habitat and species conservation at large scale may give
some benefit to the surrounding region.
Positive benefits of the existing plantation activities undertaken by
Project authority:
4.8.2 Benefits in terms of enhanced biodiversity:
Due the present plantation activities within the boundary of the RL FINE CHEM
PVT LTD, the species diversity will be enhanced. More ornamental, palm trees,
uncommon verities of the climbers and shrubs which are suitable to the region
can be taken into criteria.
Aesthetics: The beauty of the region will be enhanced through various
flowering plants which intern attracts bird species of the region.
Carbon sink: Planting new forests, rehabilitating degraded forests and
enriching existing forests contribute to mitigating climate change as these
actions increase the rate and quantity of carbon sequestration in biomass.
Introduction of trees on non-forest or degraded forest lands, industrial
plantations, Village plantations, restoration of natural forest, watershed
protection, orchards and perennial cultures, agro-forestry activities enhance
the ecological and economic values.
4.8.3 Impact –mitigation matrix
Based on our observation, literature review and consultation with local people,
NGO and forest department, following impact vs mitigation matrix is
formulated. It is advised that company shall follow the suggestions provided in
the following table.
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Table 4.9 : Table showing impacts of the proposed activity.
Impact component
Project Phases
Study Zones Impact quality Mitigation
Constr
ucti
on
Opera
tion
Post
Opera
tion
(Min
ing)
On s
ite
Core
zone
Buff
er
zone
Magnit
ude
Dir
ecti
on
Dura
tion
Dir
ect
or
indir
ect
Measure
s N
eeded
Responsib
le
Part
ies
Refe
rence D
ocum
ent
Legal Status of the site
Protected Areas
(National parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries)
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Reserve Forests - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ramsar site - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Wetlands of National Importance
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Wetlands of International Importance
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mangroves and coastal vegetation
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lentic water bodies - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lotic Water bodies - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Coastal Ecosystem - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Flora and Fauna
Endangered Fauna
(Schedule-I) - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Endemic Species - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Threatened / Near Threatened
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Vulnerable species - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ecological Sensitivity
Elephant corridors - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Important Bird
Migratory Path - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Breeding/ Nesting habitats
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sea turtle nesting grounds
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Halophytes - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Loss of fodder resources
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Loss of carbon sink - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crop lands and plantations
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
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4.8.4 Mitigation measures
The core project area and the adjoining areas shares similar habitat and thus
clearing of ground will not eliminate habitat of any species permanently.
Moreover, no existing buildings or vegetation will be disturbed during any
phase of operation. Hence no need to take any mitigation measures.
As per the impact mitigation matrix, there are no threats for increasing the
rarity of any species under this criterion. The project site does not overlap with
any of the recognized Ramsar sites. The construction phase does not
envisaged excavation or alteration in water bodies hence shall not entail
changes in aquatic biodiversity. The construction does not involve diversion or
change in the major rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks.
Considering these facts, few habitat conservation aspects and improvement of
existing green belt within the RL FINE CHEM PVT LTD is proposed which can be
easily done with available budget. These habitat improvement efforts are not
only cover the project area but also the adjoining areas of core and buffer
zones as well.
Habitat specific alternations
• Identifying the wasteland habitat near or adjoining to the site.
• Maintenance of the native plant species for conservation.
• Not to discharge any solid or liquid wastes directly or indirectly into the
surrounding habitat.
• Regular consultation with local forest officials and NGOs to improve the
degraded habitat and participate in conservation practices.
• Conducting more environmental awareness programmes in nearby
villagers and local staff members.
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4.8.5 Effect on migratory corridors, nesting and breeding sites:Due to the
proposed activity, there will be no direct impact in the existing vegetation in the
core zone. The impact intensity may be moderate at initial stage but it might be
high when it is in full stretched operation condition. The terrestrial habitat is going
to be modified as per the green belt plan.
The proposed activity is not going to affect the local plants, birds, reptiles and
amphibians. The producers are grass species, herbs, shrubs and trees. The
consumers are reptiles, aves and lesser mammals. The indirect effects like
deposition of air pollutants may affect the local vegetation and agri activities
for which conservation measures were suggested.
4.8.6 Effect on migratory corridors, nesting and breeding sites:
The proposed activity is far away from such types. There are no migratory
corridors, nesting and Breeding sites within the core zone. No need to take any
mitigation measures in this connection. One must be very concern towards
ecology of the area while altering the habitats.
4.8.7 Effect on REET Species
From the list of floral and faunal species it is very clear that there are no Rare
or Endangered or Endemic or Threatened (REET) species present in core or
buffer zone. Some species are fall under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection)
Act. Hence there is a need to take mitigation measures in this connection.
4.9 Prediction of Impact on Vehicular Traffic
The plant is located at a distance of 1 km from Hindupur to Banglore highway
road and is connected by 40 feet road. As this is 2 lane road with median, the
Traffic volume it can take is 5400 PCU/Hour. There will be marginal increase in
traffic density to the extent of 15 truck trips in a month, and 60 PCU’s per day.
Thus additional traffic on this road from the project would be 2.5 PCU/Hour
which is very marginal and this road can take this load.
4.10 Environmental impacts and their Significance Levels
Environmental Impacts of the proposed activity and their significance levels
are presented in the table below
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Table 4.10
Environmental Impacts and their significance levels
Environmental Issues/Impacts
Significance level On a scale of 1-5
( 1- low 2- Marginal 3- Medium 4- High & 5-
very high
Management Action
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Dust generation due to construction
activities
Significance level is 2 with marginal
significance
� Plantation will be improved
� Horticulturists to identify the species.
� Supervising consultants/ contractor
to ensure the water sprinkling
Exhaust gases from construction
machinery and transportation of materials
S ig n i f i c an ce Leve l i s 2 w i t h marg i na l
s i g n i f i c an ce
� Contractors to be educated and
superv i s i ng consu l t an t to ensure the same.
Sedimentation of
storm water during rainy season
Significance level of 2 � Storm water drains will
be planned along with construction plan
� Proper traps will be planned to avoid
sediments reaching storm water drains
Alteration of
Drainage
Significance level is 1
As there are no natural drains passing through the plant and there is
no alteration of drainage pattern.
� Rain water harvesting
will be augmented to re-charge ground water
Water Consumption Significance level is 2 Water is completely
sourced from APIIC and no ground water is used
� Rain water harvesting measures will be
incorporated in the EMP
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Waste water from
toilets
Significance level is 2 � No labor camps required
at the site as local labour will be employed
� Toilets with septic tanks will be provided for work force during construction
Loss of productive soil
Significance level is 3 � Top soil would be stock piled separately to re-use
for plantation purposes
Soil Erosion
Significance level is 2
� Cut and fill operation to be done during non-
monsoon season. � Silt fence to ensure silt
does not enter storm water drains.
� Side slopes will be kept
flatter wherever possible, and in case of
steeper slopes it is mulched.
Contamination of
Soils due to vehicle washings and
garbage disposal
Significance level is 2 � Vehicle washing and
machinery washing to be avoided in site.
� Parking of vehicles and
maintenance of vehicles to be avoided in site.
� Disposal of solid wastes by construction workers
to be made in garbage bins only.
Natural Resource
consumption
Significance level is
3
� Identify sand
availability from
government-authorized locations
� Use of robotic sand to maximum extent
possible. � Identify and use
bricks from coal ash users.
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Noise Pollution from
heavy machinery, and
transportation.
• Significance level is
3
� Noise causing activities
to be conducted during daytime.
� Maintenance of equipment and vehicles to mitigate noise generation.
� PPE shall be provided to workers
Construction debris Significance level is 2
� Construction debris to be used for aggregate and
or sub grade purpose in the case of RCC
� recyclable metals to be collected and sold to
recyclers � Avoidance of excess
inventory of materials.
OCCUPATION STAGE
Water Environment
Contamination of ground and surface
water sources and soil due to disposal
of untreated waste water
High TDS Effluents
– 19.2 KLD Low TDS Effluents –
11.7 KLD
• Significance level is 5 as it can impact out
side environment if pollution control
measures are not taken
� Proposed complete ZLD treatment system for
process and non process effluents and
to reuse treated waste water completely (28.0
KLD) � All effluent storage
facilities shall be overhead
� Effluent transfer lines from block level to ETP should be overhead
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Depletion of water
resources due to requirement of
about 67.9 KLD of water
• Significance level is 4
due to use of APIIC water
� Proposed to re-use
treated effluents to a tune of 28.0 KLD of
treated water thus by reducing fresh water demand to 39.9 KLD
� Water conservation
measures to be adopted to reduce resource
consumption � Water consumption for
various uses shall be
measured and records shall be maintained
Storm water
Management
• Significance level is 3
• Storm water will be
disposed into storm water
out let approved by APIIC
• Storm water drains will be
maintained periodically
before monsoon.
• Accidental discharges
spillages will not be allowed
to join storm water drains.
• Roads, pavements and
other surfaces are swept
regularly.
• Storm water quality shall
be monitored regularly and
records shall be
Air environment
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Impact on air
quality due to operation of 2 X 2
TPH Briquette Fired Boilers & Back up DG sets
• Significance
level is 4
� Proposed Cyclone
Separator to control emissions
� 30 Meter stack height � Ash handling system for
boiler ash with proper storage facilities
� Water sprinkler system in ash storage area
� 3.2 M stack to stand by DG sets as per the
CPCB norms
Impact on air quality due to
process emissions- SO2
� Significance level is 4 as Quantum of
emissions are less compared to boiler
� Two stage scrubbers for SO2 emissions
� Safety measures for release of H2 emissions
Impact on air quality due to
fugitive emissions solvents and
chemicals
� Significance level is 4
� All reactor vents shall be connected to
scrubbers � Solvent storage tanks
to be provided with vent condensers
� Reactor vents where solvent additions are
there shall be provided with vent condensers and chillers
� Chemical transfer shall
be in a closed system with negative pressure
Emissions from DG sets
• Significance level is 3 • DG sets are only
stand by arrangements
• Enclose the DG sets with acoustic enclosures
• Provide enough stack height as per the CPCB
norms • Maintain DG sets as per
the manufacturers recommendation
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Dust Generation
from material transport vehicles
• Significance level is 3 � Plantation.
� Construction of back top internal roads
� Water sprinklers on roads
Solid and Hazardous Wastes
Contamination of soils
and water
environment due to
handling and disposal
of solid and
hazardous wastes
• Significance level is 5 • About 35.37 Tons of in
organic wastes generated
and same to be sent to
TSDF Parawada
• About 5.3 Tons of organic
residues to be send to
cement plant for utilizing
as fuel/raw material
• Domestic garbage shall be
composted at site
• Containers and container
liners to be de-toxified and
then sell to dealers
• Un used spent solvents,
waste oil and other wastes
to be sent to authorized
recyclers
• Closed shed with plat form
and leachate collection
facilities for storing of
hazardous wastes
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Noise Levels • Significance level is 3
as they are confined
to plant premises
• Noise levels due to traffic
will increase in the area
and the mitigation
measures like maintaining
greenery
• Noise levels from DG sets
to be mitigated by the
provision of acoustic
Impact on road net
work due to increased
traffic & Road safety
• Significance level is 3 • The plant management
must ensure proper
parking of vehicles
carrying raw materials in
designated areas only
• Cleaning operations of
trucks shall not be
allowed in plant premises
or nearby water bodies
• All trucks carrying
chemicals shall follow the
safety instructions under
MSHIS Rules
• Material loading and un
loading shall be avoided in
peak hours of traffic
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Impact on socio
economic
environment
• Significance level is 3 � No loss of existing
livelihoods in the area is
expected to occur.
� Additional nonfarm
livelihood opportunities are
expected directly and as
spinoffs.
� Creation of employment
opportunities for about 100
local skilled and semi-
skilled workers during
project construction phase.
� Creation of sustainable
employment for 100 skilled
workers during project
operation phase, in
production as also auxiliary
Impact on Flora and
Fauna
• Significance level is 3
� The unit already developed green belt in
an area of 1.24 Acres and proposed to develop
additional green belt in an area of 0.18 Acres.
This will enhance the local floral resources.
� Increased tree cover can
attract avian species
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Energy Conservation
• Significance level is 3
� The energy conservation
measures for operation of
various equipments and
pumps shall be ensured
� Energy efficient lighting
shall be used
� Use of solar street
lighting is suggested
� Hot condensates from
process which are not
contaminated shall be
recycled back to boiler
Chemical Safety • Significance level is 5 • MSDS of all chemicals
will be made available
to all the workers
handling chemicals.
• Precautions will be
taken while
transporting, handling
and storage of
chemicals as per the
MSDS.
• Storage and handling
procedures of
chemicals shall be
displayed.
• Chemicals will be
stored in segregated
and approved areas.
• Personnel protective
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Fire Safety • Significance level is 5 • Hydrant system to cover
the total plant area
• Medium velocity spray
water (MVSW) system
for storage tanks
• Portable foam, CO2 and
dry type fire
extinguisher at strategic
locations for emergency
situations
• Foam system for
flammable solvents
• Emergency escapes in
the plant area and floor
wise emergency are
conspicuously marked.
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Worker Safety • Significance level is 5 • Personal protective
equipment shall be
provided to all employees
working in production
areas
• Regular health check up
shall be done as per the
norms and records shall be
maintained
• Display of Safety warnings
in production area
• Periodic breaks shall be
given to people working in
production areas
• Periodic audit of electrical
installations shall be
carried out
• Emergency vehicle shall
be available at site 24x7
CHAPTER-5
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CHAPTER – 5
ANALYSIS OF SITE ALTERNATIVES AND TECHNOLOGY
5.1 PROJECT PROPOSED
M/s RL Fine Chem Private Limited., engaged in manufacturing of Bulk drug
intermediates was established in the year 2002. Research and Development
forms the backbone of the organization with state of the art instrumentation
facilities. They have 4 manufacturing plants, out of which one is approved by
USFDA, Japan Govt, AFMC, COFEPERIS and CEP.
RL Fine Chem private Limited proposed for expansion of production capacity
from the current 7.2 TPM to 48.6 TPM using existing infrastructure at Plot.
No.165 to 182 APIIC, IDA Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M) Anantapur (D),
Andhra Pradesh state.
5.2 ALTERNATIVE SITES:
This is a brown field project. The company is having 4.32 acres of land at Plot.
No. 165 to 182 APIIC, IDA Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M) Anantapur (D),
Andhra Pradesh state. The unit is in operation since 2002. It is proposed to
enhance the production capacity from current 7.2 TPM to 48.6 TPM as
sufficient land is available for this expansion activity, no alternatives are
evaluated.
CHAPTER-6
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CHAPTER -6
POST ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Environmental monitoring
6.1 Introduction
The environmental monitoring programme provides such information on which
management decision may be taken during construction and operation phases.
It provides basis for evaluating the efficiency of mitigation and pollution
control measures and suggest further actions that need to be taken to achieve
the desired effect.
The monitoring includes:
� Visual observations;
� Selection of environmental parameters at specific locations;
� Sampling and regular testing of these parameters.
6.1.1 Objectives
The objectives of the environmental monitoring programme are:
� Evaluation of the efficiency of mitigation and pollution control measures;
� Updating of the actions and impacts of baseline data;
� Adoption of additional mitigation measures if the present measures are
insufficient;
� Generating the data, which may be incorporated in environmental
management plan in future projects.
6.1.2 Methodology
Monitoring methodology covers the following key aspects:
� Components to be monitored;
� Parameters for monitoring of the above components;
� Monitoring frequency;
� Monitoring standards;
� Responsibilities for monitoring;
� Direct responsibility;
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� Overall responsibility
� Monitoring costs
The proposed project of M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited involves
manufacturing of Bulk Drugs & Drug intermediates. Environmental monitoring
of the parameters involved and the threshold limits specified are discussed
below.
6.1.3 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Monitoring
Ambient air quality parameters recommended are Particulate Matter (Size
Less than 10.0 µm) or PM10, Particulate Matter (Size Less than
2.5µm) or PM2.5, Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and sulphur Dioxide (SO2) & VOC
(Volatile Organic Compounds). These are to be monitored at designated
location Data should be generated at all identified locations in accordance to
the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Table 6.1) location, duration and
the pollution parameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional
arrangements are detailed out in the Environmental Monitoring Plan
Table 6.1
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
S.
No Pollutant
Time
Weighted
Average
Concentration in Ambient Air
Industrial,
Residential,
Rural and
Other Area
(µg.m3)
Ecological
Sensitive Area
(Notified by
Central
Government)
(µg.m3)
Methods of
Measurement
1 Sulphur
Dioxide
(SO2)
Annual *
24 hours**
50
80
20
80
Improved west and
Gaeke Ultraviolet
fluorescence
2 Nitrogen
Dioxide
(NO2)
Annual *
24 hours**
40
80
30
80
Modified Jacob
&Hochheiser (Nn-
Arsenite) Chemi
luminescence
3 Particulate
Matter (Size
Less than
10 µm) or
Annual *
24 hours**
60
100
60
100
Gravimetric
TOEM
Beta Attenuation
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PM10
4 Particulate
Matter (Size
Less than
2.5 µm) or
PM2.5
Annual *
24 hours**
40
60
40
60
Gravimetric TOEM Beta
Attenuation
5 Ozone (O3) 8 hours**
1 hour**
100
180
100
180
UV Photometric
Chemiluminescence
Chemical method
6 Lead (Pb) Annual *
24 hours**
0.50
1.0
0.50
1.0
AAS/ ICP method after
sampling on EPM 2000
or equivalent filter paper
ED-XRF using Teflon
filter.
7 Carbon
Monoxide
(CO)
8 hours**
1 hour**
02
04
02
04
Non Dispersive Infra red
(NDIR)
Spectroscopy
8 Ammonia
(NH3)
Annual *
24 hours**
100
400
100
400
Chemi luminescence
Indophenol blue method
9 Benzene
(C6H6)
Annual *
05 05 Gas Chromatography
based continuous
analyzer Absorption and
Desorption followed by
GC analysis
10 Benzo (o)
Pyrene
(BaP)
Particulate
Phase Only
Annual *
`
01 01 Solvent extraction
followed by HPLC/GC
analysis
11 Arsenic(As) Annual* 06 06 AAS/ICP method after
sampling on EPM 2000
or equivalent filter paper
12 Nickel (Ni) Annual* 20 20 AAS/ICP method after
sampling on EPM 2000
or equivalent filter paper
Source Anon 1996-97, National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Series NAQMS/a/1997-97, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi.
*Average Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken for
a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.
**24 hourly/8 hourly values should meet 98 percent of the time in a year
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6.1.4 Water Quality Monitoring
The Physical and chemical parameters recommended for analysis
for water quality relevant are pH, total solids, total dissolved
solids, total suspended solids, oil and grease, COD, chloride, lead,
zinc and cadmium. The location, duration, and the pollution
parameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional
arrangements are detailed in the environmental monitoring Plan.
The monitoring of the water quality is to be carried out at all
identified locations in accordance to the Indian Standard Drinking
Water Specification – IS 10500:2012 (State in Table 6.2)
Table 6.2
Indian Standard Drinking Water Specifications IS: 10500:2012
Sl.No
Substance or
Characteristics
Requiremen
t (Desirable
Limit)
Undesirable Effect Outside
the Desirable
Limit
Permissible Limit in the
Absenc
e of Alterna
te
Methods of Test
(Ref. To IS)
Remarks
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS
1 Colour, Hazen units, Max
5 Above 5, consumer acceptance decreases
15 3025 (Part 4) 1983
Extended to 25 only if toxic substance are not suspected, in absence of alternate sources
2 Odour Agreeable
- Agreeable
3025 (Parts 5) 1984
a) Test cold and when heated
b) Test at several dilutions
3 Taste Agreeable
- - 3025 (Parts 7&8) 1984
Test to be conducted only after safety has been established
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4 Turbidity NTU, Max
1 Above 5, Consumer acceptance decreases
5 3025 (Parts 10) 1984
-
5 pH Value 6.5 to 8.5
Beyond this range, the water wil l affect the mucous membrane and / or water supply system
No relaxation
3025 (Parts 11) 1984
-
6 Total hardness (as CaCO3) mg/1, Max
200 Encrustation in water supply structure and adverse effects on domestic use
600 3025 (Parts 21) 1983
-
7 Iron (as Fe) mg/1, Max
0.3 Beyond this limit taste/apperance are affected, has adverse effect on domestic uses and water supply6 structures, and promotes iron bacteria
No relaxation
32 of 3025: 1964
-
8 Chlorides (as CI) mg/1, Max
250 Beyond this l imit, taste, corrosion and palatability are affected
1000 3025 (Part 32) 1988
-
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9 Residual free chlorine, mg/1, Min
0.2 - 1 3025 (Part 26) 1986
To be applicable only when water is chlorinated. Tested at consumer end. When protection against viral infection is required, it should be Min 0.5 mg/1
DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS
1 Dissolved solids mg/1, Max
500 Beyond this palatability decreases and may cause gastro intestinal irritation
2000 3025 (Part 16) 1984
-
2 Calcium (as Ca) mg/1, Max
75 Encrustation in water supply structure and adverse effects on domestic use
200 3025 (Part 40) 1991
-
3 Magnesium (as Mg), mg/1, Max
30 Encrustation to water supply structure and adverse effects on domestic use
100 16,33,34 of IS 3025:1964
-
4 Copper (as Cu), mg/1, Max
0.05 Astringent taste, discoloration and corrosion of pipes,
1.5 36 of 3025:1964
-
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f itting and utensils wil l be caused beyond this
5 Manganese (as Mn), mg/1, Max
0.1 Beyond this l imit taste/appearance are affected, has adverse effects on domestic uses and water supply structures
0.3 35 of 3025:1964
-
6 Sulphate (as 200 SO4), mg/1, Max
200 Beyond this causes gastro intestinal irritation when magnesium or sodium are present
400 3025 (Part 24) 1996
May be extended up to 400 provided (asMg) does not exceed 30
7 Nitrate (as NO2 ), mg/1, Max
45 Beyond this, may cause methaemoglobinemia
No relaxation
3025 (Part 34) 1998
-
8 Fluoride (as F), mg/1, Max
1 Fluoride may be kept as low as possible. High fluoride may cause fluorosis
1.5 3025 (Part 23) 1964
-
9 Phenolic compounds (As C6H5OH) mg/1, Max
0.001 Beyond this, it may cause objectionable taste and odour
0.002 3025 (Part 54) 1964
-
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10 Mercury (as Hg), mg/1, Max
0.001 Beyond this, the water become toxic
No relaxation
(See Note) Mercury ion analyser
To be tested when pollution is suspected
11 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/1, Max
0.003 Beyond this, the water become toxic
No relaxation
(See Note)
To be tested when pollution is suspected
12 Selenium (as Se), mg/1, Max
0.01 Beyond this, the water become toxic
No relaxation
3025 (Part 28) 1964
To be tested when pollution is suspected
13 Arsenic (as As), mg/1, Max
0.01 Beyond this, the water become toxic
0.05 3025 (Part 37) 1988
To be tested when pollution is suspected
14 Cyanide (as CN), mg/1, Max
0.05 Beyond this l imit, the water become toxic
No relaxation
3025 (Part 27) 1986
To be tested when pollution is suspected
15 Lead (as Pb), mg/1, Max
0.01 Beyond this l imit, the water become toxic
No relaxation
(See Note)
To be tested when pollution is suspected
16 Zinc (as Zn), mg/1, Max
5 Beyond this l imit, it can cause astringent taste and an opalescence in water
15 39 of 3025:1964
To be tested when pollution is suspected
17 Anionic detergents (as MBAS), mg/1, Max
0.2 Beyond this l imit, it can cause light froth in water
1 Methylene-blue extraction method
To be tested when pollution is suspected
18 Chromium (as Cr6+), mg/1, Max
0.05 May be carcinogenic above this l imit
No relaxation
38 of 3025; 1964
To be tested when pollution is suspected
19 Poly nuclear 0.0001 May be No - -
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aromatic hydrocarbons (as PAH) mg/1, max
carcinogenic above this l imit
relaxation
20 Mineral oil mg/1, max
0.5 Beyond this l imit un-desirable taste and odour after chlorination take place
No relaxation
Gas Chromatographic method
-
21 Pesticides mg/1, max
Absent Toxic No relaxation
- -
22 Radioactive materials: 58 of 3025:1964
-
23 Alpha emitters Bq/1, Max
0.1 - No relaxation
- -
24 Beta emitters pci/1, Naxmg/1, max
1.0 - No relaxation
- -
25 Aluminium (as A1), mg/1, Max
200 Beyond this l imit taste become unpleasant
600 13 of 3025:1964
-
26 Aluminium (as A1), mg/1, Max
0.03 Cumulative effect is reported to cause dementia
0.2 31 of 3025:1964
-
27 Boron, mg/1, Max
0.5 - 1.0 29 of 3025:1964
-
Source: Indian Standard Drinking Water specification-10500:2012
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6.1.5 Noise Level Monitoring
The measurements for monitoring noise levels would be carried out at all
designated locations in accordance to the Ambient Noise Standards formulated
by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 1989 (refer table 6.3) Sound
pressure levels would be monitored on twenty-four hours basis. Noise should
be recorded at a “A” weighted frequency using a “slow time response mode’ of
the measuring instrument. The location, duration and the noise pollution
parameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional arrangements are
detailed in the environmental Monitoring Plan (Table 6.3)
Table 6.3
Noise Level standards (CPCB)
Type Noise Level for
Day Time Leq
dB(A)
Noise level for
Night Time
dB(A)
Industrial area 75 70
Commercial area 65 55
Residential area 55 45
Silence zone 50 40
Day time – 6.00am-10.00pm (16 hours)
Night time – 10.00pm- 6.00am (8 hours)
6.2 Environmental Monitoring plan
The monitoring plan along with the environmental parameters and the time
frame is presented in the Table 6.4
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Table 6.4
Environmental Monitoring Plan
S. No Particulars Monitoring
Frequency Standards
Duration Of
Sampling
Important
monitoring
parameters
Institutional
responsibility
in RL Fine
chem (P) Ltd
In house /Out
source
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
1 3 locations Once in a month
Air
(Prevention
and control
of Pollution)
Rules, CPCB,
1994
24hrs PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
NOX, VOC, HCl
at 3 locations
and all specified
parameters of
National
Ambient air
quality
standards once
in a year at one
location
General
Manager
Through a third
party laboratory
accredited to
MOEF/NABL
2 3 locations in
nearby
villages
Once in 3
months
24 Hours PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
NOX, VOC, HCl
General
Manager
Through a third
party laboratory
accredited to
MOEF/NABL
3 Work Place
Monitoring
Once in 3
months
8 hr RSPM, total
VOC, Specific
solvents, HCl
General
Manager
Through a third
party laboratory
accredited to
MOEF/NABL
Stack Emissions Monitoring
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4 Stacks
Connected to
Boilers and
DG set
Once in a
month
Air
(Prevention
and control
of Pollution)
Rules, CPCB,
1994
Grab samples Particulate
matter , SO2, &
Nox as per the
recommended
methods of
CPCB
General
Manager
Through a third
party laboratory
accredited to
MOEF/NABL
5 Stacks
attached to
scrubbers
Once in 3
months
Air
(Prevention
and control
of Pollution)
Rules, CPCB,
1994
Grab sample HCl, Acid mist
and other
specific
emissions likely
to be generated
General
Manager
Through a third
party laboratory
accredited to
MOEF/NABL
Water Quality Monitoring
6 Ground
water 3
locations and
surface
water 3
locations
Pre and post
monsoon
Surface
water
standards
as per IS
2296:1982
Ground
water as per
the IS 10500
standards
Grab As per state PCB
specified norms
General
Manager
Through a third
party laboratory
accredited to
MOEF/NABL
7 Treated
effluent (ETP
water)
Daily/ As per
state PCB
specified
norms
As per the
PCB specified
standards
Grab pH, TDS,SS,
BOD, COD and
Oil & Grease
Harness,
chlorides/As per
state PCB
General
Manager
In house
laboratory
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specified norms
Noise Quality Monitoring
8 Noise Levels
at 3 Locations
with in plant
site and 2
locations
outside the
plant site
Once in a 3
months
Noise
standards
notified by
MOEF
Equivalent
noise levels
Equivalent Noise
levels in dB(A)
General
Manager
Through a third
party laboratory
accredited to
MOEF/NABL
Soil
9 Soil – 3
locations (
one in plant
location
where
hazardous
waste is
stored and
other 2 in
nearby
agricultural
lands)
Once in a
year
Threshold for
each
contaminant
set by IRIS
database of
USEPA until
national
standards
are
promulgated
At productive
agricultural
lands in the
project impact
area to be
identified by
the proponent
pH, EC, specific
contaminants
likely to be
occur based on
analysis of
Hazardous
wastes
generated from
process areas
General
Manager
Through a third
party laboratory
accredited to
MOEF/NABL
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6.2.1 Responsibility of Monitoring and Reporting System
The overall responsibility of monitoring the above parameters shall lie with the
Top management of M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited. The EHS department
shall be responsible for day to day monitoring of effluent, raw water and
treated water quality. The Ambient air quality, Stack emissions, soil, noise and
water quality shall be monitored by either third party or by the Environment
management department of the site.
Records shall be maintained for the analysis of raw effluents and treated
effluents, ambient air quality data, stack emissions monitoring results, and
noise levels. These records are not only required for perusal of the pollution
control equipment as the objective of the project proponent is not only
compliance with statutory regulations, but also a serious commitment towards
clean environment.
The EHS department shall maintain the records as per the provisions specified
in CFO/Hazardous waste Authorization and submit information to pollution
control Board at specified frequency. The records of hazardous waste manifest
will be maintained.
Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to
ensure quality of the works and that the management plan is in
implementation. The rationale for a reporting system is based on
accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the
Environmental Management Plan get implemented at the site.
6.3 Environmental Monitoring Budget
The estimated environmental budget for the various environmental
management measures in the EMP is detailed in table 6.5. There are several
other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of
good engineering practices, the costs for which have been
accounted for in the Engineering Costs. Moreover, since
environmental enhancements have not been finalized at this stage,
the table projects the typical costs unit wise.
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Table 6.5
Estimated Environmental Monitoring Budget
Compon
ent Item Frequency
Unit Cost
(INR)
Total
Cost/Year
(INR)
Air Stack monitoring
(8 stacks)
Monthly 2500 2,40,000
AIR Ambient Air Quality at
locations specified in the
monitoring plan In side
premises ( 3 Locations)
Once in a
month
4000 1,44,000
Ambient air quality at locations in nearby villages ( 3 locations)
Quarterly 4000 48,000
Air VOC levels Once in a week
( Using in
house portable
VOC meter)
- 15000*
WATER
QUALITY
At locations specified in
the monitoring plan
3 no. of
samples
monthly
2,500 90,000
Wastewater (Treated and
Untreated effluent) ( In
house)
(4 Samples)
Weekly 400 76,800
Water Quantity
As per the CPCB guidelines
Camera & Flow meter are established and connected to CPCB web site
- -
NOISE At heavy equipment
functioning
Once in a
month
500 6,000
At locations specified in
the monitoring plan
Quarterly 1500 18,000
SOIL At locations specified in
the monitoring plan:3
locations, one near
hazardous waste storage
Quarterly 2000 24,000
Total 6,61,800
*Includes calibration costs
CHAPTER-7
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FCHAPTER - 7
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER
MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1 Introduction
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited, is an existing Drug Intermediates
manufacturing unit located at Plot. No.165 to 182 APIIC, IDA Thumukunta
(V), Hindupur (M) Anantapur (D), Andhra Pradesh state.
7.2 Site Location and Surroundings
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited is located in industrial area and
surrounded by other Industries of IDA Thumukunta. Varahi Pharma is on
the North side, Sadguru industries is on the south, Wipro and APIIC Land
is on the East and Aditya Green industries and PVM Construction is
located on the western side of the industry.
The company is having following blocks/Areas in the plant
� Production blocks
� Ware House
� QC/QA laboratory
� Utilities Block
� Boiler room
� Generator Room
� Bulk Storage area
� Effluent Treatment Plant
� Cooling towers
� Purified Water system
� Admin block
7.3 Objectives and Scope
The production of synthetic organic chemicals involves usage of many
chemicals which are both hazardous and non-hazardous in nature. Risk
analysis has been carried out to identify the hazardous materials and
quantify the hazards to arrive at safe disaster management plan and
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emergency preparedness plan for storage and handling of the potentiality
hazardous materials. Also the purpose of carrying out risk assessment
study for M/S RL Fine Chem Private Limited is to obtain clearance from
the Ministry of Environment and forests (MOEF) which calls for a study on
nature of hazards due to proposed location of process and storage units
and also to study whether any accident, if occurs leads to any off-site
disaster. In this endeavour, the study objectives are outlined here under.
i) Hazard identification and Visualization of Maximum Credible
Accident Scenarios.
To identify major hazards relating to fire, explosion and toxicity due
to chemicals, processes and storages of the proposed units.
ii) Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment
Hazard analysis is the process of determining the release
probabilities and quantities, emission or release rates, the
routes/pathways by which the released substances could reach the
receptors, the fate of the substances in environmental media
through which they are transported or moved and the
characteristics of the receptors at risk.
iii) Disaster Management To provide guidelines for Disaster
Management Plan(DMP) for on-site emergencies and Emergency
Preparedness Plan(EPP) for off-site emergency, based on above i) &
ii) studies of proposed plant.
7.4 Production Details
The manufacturing capacities proposed after expansion are presented in
Table 7.1
Table 7.1 Production capacity after expansion
S.No Name of the
Products Quantity in TPM
Product Description
Therapeutic category
1 Nortrytyline HCl 1.12 API Anti depressant
2 Desipramine HCl 0.13 API Anti depressant
3 Cyproheptadine 0.09 API antihistamine
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HCl
4 Pitofenone HCl 0.09 API Antispasmodic
5 Pyrimethamine 0.07 API Antimalarial
6
Cyclobenzaprine
HCl 0.12
API Anti depressant
7
Clomipramine
HCl 0.08
API antiobsessional
drug
8
Chloropromazine
HCl 0.16
API antipsychotic
9 Doxlamine Succinate 0.14
API Antiemetics
10
Trimipramine
Maleate 0.06
API antidepressant
11 Flupentixol HCl 0.03 API Antipsychotic
12 Melitracen HCl 0.05 API Antidepressant
13
Carbinoxamine
Maleate 0.09
API Respiratory Agent
14 Opipramol HCL 0.05 API Antidepressant
15 Sulfadoxine 0.25 API Antimalarial
16 Doxiepin HCl 0.05 API antidepressant.
17 Dothiepin HCl 0.12 API Antipsychotic
18 Flunarazine HCl 0.07
API Antihistamines
19 Duloxetine HCl 0.10
API Antidepressant.
20 Dapoxetine HCl 0.05
API selective
serotonin
reuptake inhibitors
21 Desvenlafaxine HCl 0.06
API antidepressant
22
Trihexyphenaldyl
HCl 0.10
API Antiparkinsonian
23 Tramadol HCl 0.27 API Analgesics
24
Sulfamethoxy
Pyrazine HCl 0.06
API Antimalarial
25 Buclazine HCl 0.08 API Antihistamines
26 Meclazine HCl 0.07 API Antiemetic
27
ORPHENADRINE
BASE 8.00
Drug Intermediate
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28 CARBAMEZAPINE 2.00 Drug Intermediate
29
Hydroxy dimethyl dibenzyl
Intermediate 0.60
Drug Intermediate
30 Piperidine propiophenone 1.00
Drug Intermediate
31 Cinnarizine crude 2.00 Drug Intermediate
32 Doxiepinone 0.60 Drug Intermediate
33 Ditheipinone 1.00 Drug Intermediate
34
Methoxy Dichloro
Pyrimidine 2.00
Drug Intermediate
35 P- t- Butyl benzyl chloride 1.00
Drug Intermediate
36
Chloro Acetyl
benzo phenone 1.50
Drug Intermediate
37
Chloro ethyl
piperidino Hydrochloride 1.00
Drug Intermediate
38
Dibenzo
suberone 8.00
Drug Intermediate
39
Hydroxy
dimethyl amino thiophene 0.50
Drug Intermediate
40
ChloroImino di
benzyl 3.00
Drug Intermediate
41
Benzophenone
methyl ester 1.00
Drug Intermediate
42
2-Amino Nitro
Benzo Phenone 0.80
Drug Intermediate
43
Dimethylamino
cyclo hexanone 2.50
Drug Intermediate
44 Bromo anisole 2.50 Drug Intermediate
45
Chloro Pheno
thiazine 2.00
Drug Intermediate
46
Iso propyl propionate (
Ester) 1.00
Drug Intermediate
47
Di Methyl amino
propyl chloride 3.00
Drug Intermediate
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7.4.1 Process Description
The details of process are given in Chapter 2
7.5 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment
7.5.1 Introduction
Hazard analysis is the process of determining the release probabilities and
quantities, emission or release rates, the routes/pathways by which the
released substances could reach the receptors, the fate of the substances
in environmental media through which they are transported or moved and
characteristics of the receptors at risk. The basis of risk estimation is to
determine the dose-effect relationship between an indicator chemical and
receptor. Estimation of risk follows only when the hazard analysis shows a
frequency or occurrence, which is significant.
Risk evaluation is the process of identifying, whether the estimated level
of risk is tolerable. Tolerable risk is not equated with acceptability; it
refers to a willingness to live with a risk so as to secure certain risk
benefits, and in the confidence that the risk is being properly controlled.
Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the
various hazards (unsafe conditions) that exist in the plant. On the other
hand, risk analysis deals with the identification and quantification of risks,
the plant equipment and personnel are exposed to, due to accidents
resulting from the hazards present in the plant.
7.5.2 Common definitions
The common terms used in risk Assessment and Disaster Management
are elaborated below:
“Risk” is defined as a likelihood of an undesired event (accident, injury
or death) occurring within a specified period or under specified
circumstances. This may be either a probability depending on the
circumstances.
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“Hazard” is defined as a physical situation, which may cause human
injury, damage to property or the environment or some combination of
these criteria.
“Hazardous substance” means any substance or preparation, which by
reason of its chemical or physic chemical properties or handling is liable to
cause harm to human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-
organisms, property or the environment.
“Hazardous process” is defined as any process or activity in relation to
an industry which may cause impairment to the health of the persons
engaged or connected therewith or which may result in pollution of their
general environment.
“Disaster” is defined as a catastrophic situation that causes damage,
economic disruptions, loss of human life and deterioration of health and
health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response
from outside the affected area are community. Disasters occasioned by
man are factory fire explosions and release of toxic gases or chemical
substances etc.
“Accident” is an unplanned event, which has a probability of causing
personal injury or property damage or both.
“Emergency” is defined as a situation where the resources out pass the
demand. This highlights the typical nature of emergency; it will be after
experiences that enough is not enough in emergency situations.
Situations of these kinds are avoidable but it is not possible to avoid them
always.
In the sections below, the identification of various hazards, probable risks
in a process industry manufacturing optical brighteners, maximum
credible accident analysis, consequence analysis are addressed which
gives a broad identification of risks involved in the plant.
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7.5.3 Hazard Identification
Identification of hazards in the synthetic organic chemicals plant is of
primary significance in the analysis, quantification and cost effective
control of accidents involving flammable compounds. A classical definition
of hazard states that hazard is not in fact the characteristic of
system/plant/storage that presents potential for an accident. Hence, all
the components of a system/ plant/ process need to be thoroughly
examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an
unplanned event/sequence of events which can be termed as an accident.
Typical schemes of predictive hazard evaluation and quantitative risk
analysis suggest that hazard identification step plays a key role in
estimation of probability of an unexpected event and its consequences
from the basis of quantification of risk in terms of damage to property,
environment or personal. Therefore the type, quantity location and
conditions of release of a toxic or flammable substance have to be
identified in order to estimate its damaging effects, the area involved, and
the possible precautionary measures required to be taken.
Some of the hazard identification procedures are as follows:
1. Fire Explosion and Toxicity Index(FETI) Approach;
2. HAZOP studies
3. Maximum Credible Accident and Consequence Analysis(MCACA);
7.5.3.1 Identification of Major Hazards from the unit
The Hazard identification process adopted is to identify hazardous
chemicals as per the statutory requirements of Manufacture storage and
import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989
The identified chemicals for the risk assessment are presented in the
following Table 7.2
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Table 7.2
List of Raw materials and Inventory
S.No Name of the Raw
Material
Quanti
ty (Kgs)
Physical Form
Nature of Storage CAS NO.
1 2-acetyl thiophene 6.93 Liquid Drums 88-15-3
2 2-Acetyl pyridine 8.4 Liquid Drums 1122-62-9
3 2-Chloro pheno thiazine 19.80 Solid Bags 85-52-9
4 2-dimethyl amino
methyl cyclohexanone 25.57 Solid Bags 2516-96-3
5 2-methyl
Benzophenone 982.35 Liquid Drums 131-58-8
6 3-Chloro propio
phenone 4.76 Liquid Drums 131-58-8
7 3-chlorolmino dibenzyl 9.2 Liquid Drums 108-24-7
8 Acetone 2635 Liquid Tank Form 67-64-1
9 Acetophenone 6.6 Liquid Drums 98-86-2
10 Activated carbon 3.7 Solid Bags 7440-44-0
11 Alfa Naphthol 4.2 Solid Bags 7446-70-0
12 Ammonia 50.32 Liquid Drums 7664-41-7
13 Bromo chloropropane 3.12 Liquid Drums 71-43-2
14 Carbon 32.42 Solid Bags 119-61-9
15 Chloro benzene 7.84 Liquid Drums 109-70-6
16 Chloro ethyl piperdine 5.88 Solid Bags 7440-02-0
17 Cinanamyl alcohol 4.02 Solid Bags 104-54-1
18 Conc.Hcl 81.75 Liquid Drums 79-04-9
19 Cyclo Hexanone 16.17 Liquid Drums 108-90-7
20 Cyclo hexyl chloride 6.49 Solid Bags 104-54-1
21 Di benzo Suberenone 146.64 Solid Bags 2222-33-5
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22 Di methyl amino propyl
chloride 84.6 Liquid Drums 5407-04-5
23 Dibenzo suberenone 25.75 Solid Bags 2222-33-5
24 Dichloro pyazine 5.92 Solid Bags 4858-85-9
25 Diethylamino ethyl chloride 7.49 Solid
Bags
869-24-9
26 Difluro Benzhydrol 6.6 Solid
Bags
91-01-0
27 Dimethylamine 11.16
Liquified
Gas Cylinder 124-40-3
28 Dimethyl anthrone 6.6 Liquid Drums 77-78-1
29 Dimethylamino Ethyl
chloride 4.28 Liquid Drums 108-01-0
30 Dimethylamino
methylpropyl chloride 4.05 Solid Bags 16968-19-7
31 Dimethylamino propul
chloride 49.37 Liquid Drums 68-12-2
32 Dimethyl amino Ethanol 441.22 Liquid Drums 108-01-0
33 DMF 60 Liquid Drums 141-78-6
34 DMSO 33 Liquid Drums 67-68-5
35 Dothiepinone 15.82 Solid Bagsc 216-241-1
36 Ester 6.38 Liquid Drums 111-82-0
37 Ether 7.56 Liquid Drums 60-29-7
38 Flunarizine crude 12 Solid Bags 52468-60-7
39 Fluro naphthalene 7.97 Liquid Drums 323-09-1
40 Formaldehyde 8.25 Liquid Drums 50-00-0
41 Guanidine 3.3 Solid Bags 113-00-8
42 H2S gas 0.11 Gas Cylinder 7783-06-4
43 HCl 1050.5 Liquid Drums 7649-01-0
44 HCl gas 25.7 Gas Cylinder 7649-01-0
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45 Hydrogen 9.99 Gas Cylinder 1333-74-0
46 Imino di benzyl 22.42 Solid Bags 494-19-9
47 Imino stilbene 289.48 Solid Bags 205-970-0
48 IPA 82.5 liquid Drums 67-633-0
49 KHCO3 4 Solid Bags 298-14-6
50 KOH 12.71 Solid Bags 1310-58-3
51 Magnesium 30.35 Solid Bags 7439-95-4
52 Maleic acid 7.62 Solid Bags 110-16-7
53 Mono Ethylene Glycol
MEG 3.41 Liquid Drums 107-21-1
54 Meta methyl benzyl
chloride 4.2 liquid Drums 620-19-9
55 Meta bromo methoxy
anisole 30.85 Liquid Drums 2398-37-0
56 Methane sufonic acid 2.66 Liquid Drums 75-75-2
57 Methanol 5611 liquid Tank Form 67-56-1
58 Methanolic HCL 26.65 liquid Drums
67-56-1
7649-01-0
59 Methoxy di chloro
pyrimidine 25.06 Solid Bags 5018-38-2
60 Methyl ester
intermediate 10.24 Liquid Drums 111-11-5
61 n-butanol 705 Liquid Drums 71-36-3
62 NaOH 297.4 solid Bags 1310-73-2
63 Nitro Benzaldehyde
(NBA) 85 Solid Bags 552-89-6
64 Ni Cat 3.58 Solid Bags 7440-02-0
65 N-Methyl chloro
piperidine 7.315 Liquid Drums 5570-77-4
66 Opipramol base 7.24 Solid
Bags
315-72-0
67 P- Chloro Benz hydryl
Piperizine 17.16 Solid
Bags
303-26-4
68 Para amino
Sulphonamide 30.96 Solid Bags
63-74-1
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69 Para Chloro Benzyl
Chloride (PCBC) 8.25 Liquid Drums 104-83-6
70 Piperidine 7.25 Liquid Drums 110-89-4
71 Piperizino ethanol
intermediate 2.8 Liquid Drums 103-76-4
72 Piperidino ethanol 2.6 Liquid Drums 110-89-4
73 Potassium bicarbonate 4 solid Bags 298-14-6
74 Potassium Methoxide 2.8 solid Bags 865-33-8
75 P-tetra butyl benzyl chloride 5.46 Liquid Drums 19692-45-6
76 Pyridine benz hydrol 8.8
77 Sodamide 6.04 solid Bags 7782-92-5
78 Sodium methoxide 7.56 solid Bags 124-41-4
79 Succinic acid 11.06 solid Bags 110-15-6
80 THF 40.92 Liquid Drums 109-99-9
81 Toluene 9144.2 Liquid Tank Form 108-88-3
82 Tramadol Grignard base 43.72 Solid Bags 73806-49-2
83 Triflurothioxanthone 3.92 solid Bags 1693-28-3
84 Triphosgene 148 solid Bags 32315-10-9
85 Venalafaxine HCl 9.39 solid Bags 99300-78-4
Table 7.3
List of hazardous chemicals (Listed in part II of schedule I of
MSIH Rule, 2016)
S.No Raw material
Physic
al
form
Type of
hazard
Maxim
um
Storag
e
quantit
y (Kgs)
Threshold
Quantity
(Rule
5,7,9 and
13 &15
Threshold
Quantity
(Rule 10
to 12
Level
of
Hazard
1 Acetone Liquid Flammable 2635 Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
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2 Ammonia Liquid Flammable 50.32 60 t 600t Level 1
Hazard
3 Chloro
benzene Liquid Flammable 7.84 Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
4 Cyclo
hexanone Liquid Flammable 16.17 Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
5 Di methyl
amine Liquid Flammable 11.16 Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
6 Formaldehyde Liquid Flammable 8.25 5 t 50 t
Level 1
Hazard
7 Hydrochloric
Acid Liquid Corrosive 1050.5 25 t 250 t Level 1
Hazard
8 Hydrogen Gas Explosive 9.99 2 t 50 t Level 1
Hazard
9 Isopropyl
Alcohol Liquid
Flammable 82.5 Not
specified Not
specified Level 1 Hazard
10 Magnesium Solid Flammable 30.35 Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
11 Methanol Liquid Flammable 5611
Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
12 n-Butanol Liquid Flammable 705
Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
13 Potassium
Hydroxide Solid Corrosive 12.71 Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
14 Sodium
Hydroxide Solid Corrosive 297.4 Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
15 Nickel Solid Toxic 0.14
Not specified
Not specified
Level 1 Hazard
16 Piperidine Liquid Flammable 7.25
Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
17 THF Liquid Flammable 40.92
Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
18 Toluene Liquid Flammable 9144.2 Not
specified
Not
specified
Level 1
Hazard
Note :
Level I Hazard: Chemical is listed in schedule of chemicals but threshold
limit did not crossed 1st threshold or 2nd threshold limit as per the
schedule I of MSIHC Rules 2016
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7.5.3.1.1 Physical properties of Hazardous Chemicals
The Physical properties of the key hazardous chemicals identified &
stored are presented in the following Table 7.4
Table 7.4
Physical properties & Hazard characteristics of Key Raw materials
S.No Name of the
Material
Boiling
point oC
Flash
Point in oC
Explosive
Limits
volume %
in air
NFPA Rating
Health Fire
reactivity
Reactivit
y
1 Acetone 55.6 -17.8 2.5-12.8 2 3 0
2 Acetophenone 201.7 37.8-93.3 76 1 2 0
3 Bromo chloro 145 45 3.2-8.6 2 2 0
4 Chloro benzene 132 29.44 1.3-11 2 3 0
5 cyclohexanone 155.6 43.88 1.1-9.4 2 2 0
6 Di Methyl amine 100 37.8 2.8-14.4 3 1 0
7 Dimethyl
formamide
153 37.8-93.3 2.2-15.2 2 2 0
8 Ether 34.6 -45 1.9-36 2 4 0
9 Formaldehyde 98 50 7-73 3 2 0
10 Hydrogen 108.58 - - 3 0 1
11 Isopropanol 82.5 11.7-13 2-12.7 2 3 0
12 Methanol 64.5 12 6.7-36 2 3 0
13 n- Butanol 117.7 37.8 1.7-12.0 1 3 0
14 Piperidine 106 16.1 2.5-13 3 3 0
15 Toluene 110.6 4.44 1.2-6.75 2 3 0
16 THF 65 37.8 2-11.8 2 3 0
7.5.3.1.2 Bulk Storages
Based on the discussions with the project proponents, following bulk
storages are proposed in the plant after expansion. Following table gives
the bulk storages of chemicals after expansion activity.
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Table 7.5
Bulk Storages after expansion
Sr
No
Name of
the
solvent
MOC
Above/
below
ground
No. of
tanks
Diame
ter
(m)
Length
(m)
Total
Capacit
y
(KL)
Existing
1 Methanol MS Below
ground
2 2 3.25 10*2
Methanol MS Below
ground
1 1.8 4.72 12
2 Toluene MS Below
ground
2 1.95 5.09 15*2
3 Sulphuric
acid
MS Above
ground
1 1.63 3.0 5
4 HCl PP Above
ground
2 1.63 2.65 6*2
Proposed
5 Acetone MS Below
ground
2 1.95 5.09 2 X15
7.6 Fire & Explosion Index (F&EI):
7.6.1 Methodology
Dow Chemical Company issued a guideline for hazard determination and
protection. By this method a chemical process unit is rated numerically for
hazards. The numerical value used is the Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI)
which is most widely used for hazard evaluation in chemical process
industries.
The guide applies to process unit only and not to auxiliary units such as
power generating stations, plant water systems, control rooms, fired
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heaters, structural requirements, corrosive nature of material handled
and personal safety equipment. These are regarded as basic features that
do not vary according to the magnitude of the fire and explosion hazard
involved. The guide also does not cover the processing and handling of
explosives such as dynamite, TNT etc.
7.6.2 Computation of F&EI
The computation of fire and explosion index of each unit is based on the
material factor. This is a measure of the intrinsic rate of potential energy
release from fire explosion of most hazardous material or mixture of
materials present in significant quantity, whether it is raw material,
intermediate, product, solvent etc., by combustion or chemical reaction.
“In significant quantity” here means such quantity that the hazard
represented by the material actually exists. The Nationality Fire Protection
Agency of USA (NFPA) have specified standard values for material factor
which should be used for F&EI calculations and are available in DOW’s
hazard classification guide in case it is not readily available, it can be
calculated using the heat of combustion, flammability indices etc.
General process hazard are factors that play a primary role in determining
the magnitude of loss of incident. It takes into account the nature of the
reaction, ventilation of the unit, accessibility of the unit, drainage facilities
etc., special process hazards are factors that contribute primarily to the
probability of a loss incident. They consist of specific process conditions
that have shown themselves to be major causes of fire and explosion
incidents. It takes into account toxicity of the material, operating
pressure, operation near flammable range, quantity of material, joints
and packing, use of hot oil exchange system etc., The F&EI calculated as
a product of material factor, general process hazard factor, and special
process hazard factor.
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7.6.3 Hazard Ranking
The hazard ranking based on F&EI value is as follows
Table 7.6
Degree of Hazard for F&EI
F&EI Index Range Degrees of Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159 & above Severe
7.6.3.1 Maximum Credible Accident Analysis and Its Mitigation
Measures
A Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) can be characterized as the worst
credible accident. In other words: an accident in an activity, resulting in
the maximum consequence distance that is still believed to be possible. A
MCA-analysis does not include a quantification of the probability of
occurrence of the accident. Another aspect, in which the pessimistic
approach of MCA studies appears, is the atmospheric condition that is
used for dispersion calculations.
The Consequence Analysis has been done for selected scenarios by
ALOHA (version 5.4.7) of EPA. The details of software used for MCA
analysis are described below.
� A computer based version ALOHA 5.4.7 is used to calculate toxic
and explosive effect of the accidental release of liquid chemicals
within the plant area.
� ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere) is a computer
program designed especially for use by people responding to
chemical release as well as for emergency planning and training.
� ALOHA was jointly developed by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Environment Protection
Agency (EPA).
� The mathematical model is based on the Emergency Response
Planning Guidelines (ERPGs) which gives Toxic Levels of Concern
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(LOCs) to predict the area where a toxic liquid concentration might
be high enough to harm people.
� ALOHA models key hazards-toxicity, flammability, thermal radiation
(Heat), and over pressure (expansion blast force)-related to
chemical releases that result in toxic gas dispersion, fire and/or
explosion
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7.6.3.2 Heat Radiation & Vapour cloud Fire distances of Hazardous Storages
Out of the 5 bulk storages, 3 chemicals have Fire threat possibilities. The heat radiation distances in case of pool
fire for flammable storage tanks are presented in the below Table 7.7 below
Table 7.7
Heat Radiation Damage Distances for storage tanks – Tank farm
S.No
Name of
Raw
material
Storage Tank Details
Scenario Details( Pool fire –Leaking
tank)
FEI
Index Tank
Capacity
(KL)
No.s Diameter
(m)
Height
(m)
Release
Rate
(Kg/min)
Heat radiation damage
distances in m for
KW/m2
10 5 2
1 Acetone 95 15 1 1.95 5.09 23.3 <10 <10 12
2 Toluene 100 15 1 1.95 5.09 24.5 <10 11 14
3 Methanol 68 5 1 1.8 2.25 23.4 <10 <10 <10
4
Note:
2 kW/(sq m) -- people will feel pain after 45 seconds and receive second degree burns after 3 minutes;
• 5 kW/(sq m) -- people will feel pain after 13 seconds and receive second degree burns after 40 seconds; and
• 10 kW/ (sq m) -- people will feel pain after 5 seconds and receive second degree burns after 14 seconds.
The storage is a small capacity facility and accordingly the F& E index value is found to be moderate reflecting the
threshold limits as prescribed in MSHC rules. As can be seen, the heat radiation distances are confined to plant
area only.
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7.6.3.3 Toxic chemicals storage and toxic impact distances:
Following 6 chemicals are classified as toxic chemicals used by the company. Toxic influence distances are
estimated using ALOHA model in case of Drum Leakages/Tank leakages and presented below
Table 7.8
Toxic threat zones on release of chemicals
S.No
Name of
the
chemical
Stora
ge
capac
ity
Scenario Details
Maxim
um
drum
capaci
ty
Releas
e rate
AEGL-
3
Red
(m)
AEGL
-3
Red
(ppm
)
AEGL
-2
Oran
ge
(m)
AEGL
-2
Oran
ge
(ppm
)
AEGL-1
Yellow
(m)
AEGL-1
Yellow
(ppm)
IDLH
Values
1 Acetone 15 KL TANKS 20.5
Kg/min <10 5700 11 3200 92 200 2500 PPM
2 Ammonia 50.32
Kgs
200Kg 3.33
Kg/sec 249 1100 727 160 1600 30 300 PPM
3 Toluene 15 KL TANKS 17.8
Kg/min <10 3700 20 560 115 67 700 PPM
4 Chloro
Benzene
7.84
Kgs
200 Kg 3.33
Kg/sec 223 400 389 150 1500 10 1000 PPM
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Note :
AEGL-1 (Yellow zone): The airborne concentration of a substance
above which it is predicted that the general population, including
susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or
certain asymptomatic non sensory effects. However, the effects are not
disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
AEGL-2 (Orange zone): The airborne concentration of a substance
above which it is predicted that the general population, including
susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious,
long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
AEGL-3 (Red zone): The airborne concentration of a substance above
which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible
individuals, could experience life threatening health effects or death.
7.6.3.4 Analysis of quantitative risk assessment data:
Based on the above quantitative risk assessment, following conclusion
can be made.
� Flammability threat zones and heat radiation zones for flammable
chemicals are within the plant premises
� FEI index for flammable chemicals is moderate for acetone and
methanol and intermediate for Toluene.
� Storage quantities of flammable chemicals are well below the
threshold quantities
� Toxic threat zones for all chemicals are within the plant boundary
� However Toxic threat zone Orange category and Yellow zone
concentrations are well within IDLH values of the chemicals
7.6.3.5 Health Hazards from exposure to hazardous substances
and control measures.
Based on analysis 4 chemicals are identified as toxic chemicals in liquid
form. Toxic concentrations distances are determined based on the modeling
data and presented. Following table summarizes the health hazards,
antidotes if any and PPEs recommended for people & other suggested
measures to control the escape/leakage of chemicals.
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Table 7.9
Safety precautions for handling of toxic chemicals
S.No Chemical Health Hazards PPE’s proposed
Antidotes if
any
suggested
Storage and handling
precautions suggested
1 Acetone Hazardous in case of skin contact
(irritant), of eye contact
(irritant), of ingestion, of
inhalation. Slightly hazardous in
case of skin contact (permeator).
Splash goggles.
Lab coat. Vapor
respirator. Be
sure to use an
approved/certified
respirator or
equivalent.
Gloves.
No specific
antidote
Storage: Store in a segregated and
approved area (flammables area).
Keep container in a cool, well-
ventilated area. Keep container
tightly closed and sealed until ready
for use. Keep away from direct
sunlight and heat and avoid all
possible sources of ignition (spark
or flame).
Precautions: Keep locked up.. Keep
away from heat. Keep away from
sources of ignition.
Ground all equipment containing
material. Do not ingest. Do not
breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray.
Wear suitable protective clothing.
In case of insufficient ventilation,
wear suitable respiratory
equipment.
If ingested, seek medical advice
immediately and show the
container or the label. Avoid contact
with skin and eyes.
Keep away from incompatibles
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such as oxidizing agents, reducing
agents, acids, alkalis.
in closed condition
2 Ammonia Very hazardous in case of skin
contact (corrosive, irritant,
permeator), of eye contact
(irritant), of ingestion, . Non-
corrosive to the eyes. Non-
corrosive for lungs. Liquid or
spray mist may produce tissue
damage particularly on mucous
membranes of eyes, mouth and
respiratory tract. Skin contact
may produce burns. Inhalation of
the spray mist may produce
severe irritation of respiratory
tract, characterized by coughing,
choking, or shortness of breath.
Severe over-exposure can result
in death. Inflammation of the eye
is characterized by redness,
watering, and itching. Skin
inflammation is characterized by
itching, scaling, reddening, or,
occasionally, blistering
Splash goggles.
Full suit. Vapor
respirator. Boots.
Gloves. A self
contained
breathing
apparatus should
be used to avoid
inhalation of the
product.
Suggested
protective
clothing might not
be sufficient;
consult a
specialist BEFORE
handling this
product.
No specific
antidotes
suggested
Storage: Keep container tightly
closed. Keep container in a cool,
well-ventilated area. Do not store
above 25°C (77°F).
Precautions: Keep locked up.. Keep
container dry. Do not ingest. Do not
breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray.
Never add water to this product. In
case of insufficient ventilation, wear
suitable respiratory equipment. If
ingested, seek medical advice
immediately and show the
container or the label. Avoid contact
with skin and eyes. Keep away from
incompatibles such as metals,
acids.
3 Toluene Hazardous in case of skin contact
(irritant), of eye contact
(irritant), of ingestion, of
Splash goggles.
Full suit. Vapor
respirator. Boots.
No specific
antidotes
suggested
Storage: Store in a segregated and
approved area. Keep container in a
cool, well-ventilated area. Keep
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inhalation. Slightly hazardous in
case of skin contact (permeator).
Gloves. A self
contained
breathing
apparatus should
be used to avoid
inhalation of the
product.
Suggested
protective
clothing might not
be sufficient;
consult a
specialist BEFORE
handling this
product.
container tightly closed and sealed
until ready for use. Avoid all
possible sources of ignition (spark
or flame).
Precautions: Keep away from heat.
Keep away from sources of ignition.
Ground all equipment containing
material. Do not ingest. Do not
breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray.
Wear suitable protective clothing.
In case of insufficient ventilation,
wear suitable respiratory
equipment. If ingested, seek
medical advice immediately and
show the container or the label.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Keep away from incompatibles such
as oxidizing agents.
4 Chlorobenzene Very hazardous in case of skin
contact (irritant), of eye contact
(irritant), of ingestion, of
inhalation. Hazardous in case of
skin contact (corrosive,
sensitizer, permeator).
Inflammation of the eye is
characterized by redness,
watering, and itching. Skin
inflammation is characterized by
itching, scaling, reddening, or,
Splash goggles.
Lab coat. Vapor
respirator. Be
sure to use an
approved/certified
respirator or
equivalent.
Gloves.
No specific
antidotes
suggested
Storage: Flammable materials
should be stored in a separate
safety storage cabinet or room.
Keep away from heat. Keep away
from sources of ignition. Keep
container tightly closed. Keep in a
cool, well-ventilated place. Ground
all equipment containing material. A
refrigerated room would be
preferable for materials with a flash
point lower than 37.8°C (100°F).
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occasionally, blistering Precautions: Keep container dry.
Keep away from heat. Keep away
from sources of ignition. Ground all
equipment containing material. Do
not ingest. Do not breathe
gas/fumes/ vapour/spray. Never
add water to this product In case of
insufficient ventilation, wear
suitable respiratory equipment If
ingested, seek medical advice
immediately and show the
container or the label. Avoid contact
with skin and eyes
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7.7. Specific recommendations based on site observations
S.No Area Site Observations Specific
recommendations
1 Production Area
� All the reactor and
centrifuges are very neatly placed
� Earthing strips are provided � Belt guards are provided to
all motor driven equipment
� Safety valves are placed on all reactors
� Dip pipes are provided
wherever solvents are charged.
� Housekeeping at
filter press area
needs
improvement.
2 Centrifuges
� Vent lines are taken outside
of the room � Specific anti static belts only
are used
� Suitable PPE are being used by operators
� Centrifuge feeding
should not be done
keeping the lid of
the centrifuge open
while running it.
� SOP’s are to be
exhibited.
� Two earth strips are
to be provided and
jumper at the joints
for earthing of the
equipment.
� Anti static belts are
to be provided with
proper guards
� An alarm is to be
provided for
Emergency
situation
4
Liquid raw
materials
storage
� Underground tanks are
provided for solvents
� Vent lines are connected with flame arrestors
� A spray nozzle system with water and foam is provided in tank form
� All the tankers are
to be provided
sparks arresters in the exhaust lines
and to be earthed during transfer of solvents
5 Raw materials
Stores
� Room is maintained neatly
stranded weights, balance
Approved materials are earmarked with green rope
� Placards should be
placed near
materials with
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-26
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
names written on it.
� Fire fighting
equipments should
be in good number
with easy
accessibility.
� Flame proof fitting
should be provided.
Other Recommendations
DRIER ROOMS
1. Fire suit made available for emergency use.
2. Double earthing is to be provided to the unit
BOILER HOUSE
� Safety valve on steam boiler is to be checked every day for its
functioning
� Pressure guage to be monitored regularly
CHILLING PLANT
� Thickness tests for NH3 receivers Oil Separator, Condenser,
Evaporator etc., should be conducted once in a year and maintain
such record
� Auto tripping devices are to be provided for various components in
the unit when the stipulated parameters vary.
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-27
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Expected hazards from the Industry
DEPT/AREA HAZA
RD
SEVERI
TY
EFFECT
ED
AREA
EFFECTED
POPULATI
ON
PRECAUTION TAKEN MITIGATION MEASURES
RM Packing
Room,
Stores.
FIRE
&
EXPLO
SION
moderat
e
In the
radius of
about 10
mtrs
About 2
people.
� 0pen drums storage
prohibited
� Secondary
containment provided.
� Ignition sources of all
types
controlled/eliminated
� Adequate ventilation
provided.
� Smoking in area
prohibited
� Standard operating procedures in
operation.
� Sufficient fire
extinguishers of various capacity and
type is provided
• Fire extinguishers and
foam monitoring system
available
• 20% of workers trained in
Fire fighting
• 20% of workers trained in
first aid
• Activities are carried out
as per written procedures
• Each and every step is
strictly double checked by
means of doer and checker method
• Smoke detectors
proposed.
• Inertisation procedure is
followed wherever
required
• Earhting and bonding procedures are followed
for transfer of flammable
liquids
• Continuity is checked for
all equipment at regular
intervals
i i d id d
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7-28
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
SPILL
AGE
No
severity
in case
of
spillage
--- ---- � No open drums stored
� Secondary
containment provided.
� Smoking in area
prohibited
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
• Periodic preventive
maintenance of the
equipment is carried out
as per the schedule
• Level indicators are in
place to prevent the
overflow and spillage
• Appropriate No. of Spill control kits are provided
in the department
• Trained personnel are
available in each shift to
do the spill control
operations.
• Spill control sop
TOXIC
RELEA
SE
--- about 1-
3mts
2
employees
� No open drums stored
� Secondary
containment provided.
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
• Appropriate personal
protective equipments are
used as barriers against
inhalation of the toxic
gases
• Adequate scrubbing
system is available to
neutralize the gases
evolved during the
process
• Wind socks are installed
to show the wind direction
in all locations • Emergency preparedness
and response is in place
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7-29
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
• Proper ventilation is
provided to prevent
accumulation of vapors
• Persons are trained to
handle hazardous
material and steps to be
taken during emergencies
• MSDS available for all materials
• Ambulance facility to shift
the victim to hospital in
time
• Agreement with nearby
hospital
SOLVENT
YARD
FIRE
&
EXPLO
SION
Severity
mapping
is made
available
Severity
mapping
is made
available
Severity
mapping is
made
available
� Flame arresters
provided for tank
vents.
� Ignition sources of all
types
controlled/eliminated.
� No open tanks /drums
stored
� Smoking in area
prohibited
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
� Sufficient fire extinguishers of
various capacity and
• Fire extinguishers and
foam monitoring system
available
• 20% of workers trained in
Fire fighting
• 20% of workers trained in
first aid
• Activities are carried out
as per written procedures
• Each and every step is
strictly double checked by
means of doer and
checker method
• Inertisation procedure is followed wherever
required
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-30
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
type is provided
• Earhting and bonding
procedures are followed
for transfer of flammable
liquids
• Continuity is checked for
all equipment at regular
intervals
• Antistatic pads provided at entrance of hazardous
locations to discharge
static charge developed
on human
• Risk analysis is done to all
activities
• Regular safety audits are conducted to ensure the
safe operation and the
equipment
• Flameproof electrical appliances provided to
mitigate electrical ig
source
SPILL
AGE
moderat
e
Max.
threat
zone of
30 mts
About 2
employees
could be
affected
� No open drums stored
� Secondary
containment provided.
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
• Periodic preventive
maintenance of the
equipment is carried out
• Level indicators are in
place to prevent the
overflow and spillage • Appropriate No. of Spill
control kits are provided
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-31
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
in the department
• Trained personnel are
available in each shift to
do the spill control
operations.
• Spill control sop
TOXIC
RELEA
SE
Same as
above
Same as
above
� No open drums stored � Secondary
containment provided.
� Standard operating
procedures in operation.
• Appropriate personal protective equipments are
used as barriers against
inhalation of the toxic
gases • Adequate scrubbing
system is available to
neutralize the gases
evolved during the
process
• Wind socks are installed
to show the wind direction
in all locations
• Emergency preparedness
and response is in place
• Proper ventilation is
provided to prevent
accumulation of vapors
• Persons are trained to
handle hazardous
material and steps to be
taken during emergencies • MSDS available for all
materials
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Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
• Antidotes are available for
hazardous chemicals
• Ambulance facility to shift
the victim to hospital in
time
• Agreement with nearby
hospital
PRODUCTION
/PROCESS
AREAS.
FIRE
&
EXPLO
SION
moderat
e
A threat
zone of
50m as
per F&EI
No of
affected
people
about 5
� Flame arresters
provided for reactors
and storage tank
vents. � Electrical and
mechanical sources of
ignition
controlled/eliminated.
� Non-sparking tools.
� Smoking in area
prohibited
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
� Sufficient fire
extinguishers of
various capacity and
type is provided
• Fire extinguishers and
foam monitoring system
available
• 20% of workers trained in Fire fighting
• 20% of workers trained in
first aid
• Activities are carried out
as per written procedures
• Each and every step is
strictly double checked by
means of doer and
checker method
• Inertisation procedure is
followed wherever
required
• Earthting and bonding
procedures are followed
for transfer of flammable
liquids
• Continuity is checked for all equipment at regular
intervals
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-33
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
• Antistatic pads provided
at entrance of hazardous
locations to discharge
static charge developed
on human
• Risk analysis is done to all
activities
• Regular safety audits are conducted to ensure the
safe operation and the
equipment
• Flameproof electrical
appliances provided to
mitigate electrical ig
source
SPILL
AGE
--- No
severe
effect
No severe
effect
� Adequate ventilation
to prevent
accumulation of
chemical and solvent
vapours.
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
----
TOXIC
RELEA
SE
moderat
e
About
10 mts
No of
people
affected 5
� Adequate ventilation to prevent
accumulation of
chemical and solvent
vapours.
� Standard operating
procedures in
• Appropriate personal protective equipments are
used as barriers against
inhalation of the toxic
gases
• Adequate scrubbing
system is available to
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-34
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
operation.
neutralize the gases
evolved during the
process
• Wind socks are installed
to show the wind direction
in all locations
• Emergency preparedness
and response is in place • Proper ventilation (AHU)
is provided to prevent
accumulation of vapors
• Persons are trained to
handle hazardous
material and steps to be
taken during emergencies • MSDS available for all
materials
• Antidotes are available for
hazardous chemicals • Ambulance facility to shift
the victim to hospital in
time
• Agreement with nearby
hospital
LABS ( QC
AND R&D)
FIRE
&
EXPLO
SION
moderat
e
About 1-
2 mts
No of
affected
people-1
� Solvent and chemical
containers provided
with secondary
containment. � Smoking in area
prohibited
• Fire extinguishers and
foam monitoring system
available
• 20% of workers trained in Fire fighting
• 20% of workers trained in
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-35
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
� Sufficient fire
extinguishers of
various capacity and
type is provided
first aid
• Activities are carried out
as per written procedures
• Each and every step is
strictly double checked by
means of doer and
checker method
SPILL
AGE
Same as
above
About 1-
2mts
No severe
effect
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
� Training to all workmen and staff.
AS ABOVE
TOXIC
RELEA
SE
Same as
above
About 1-
2mts
Affected
people-1-2
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
� Training to all
workmen and staff
AS ABOVE
ELECTRICAL
PANELS
FIRE
--- About
1to 2mts
Affected
people-1
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
� Training to all
workmen and staff.
� Smoking in area
prohibited
� Sufficient fire
extinguishers of
various capacity and
type is provided
Standard operating procedures.
Training to all workmen and
staff.
PPE issuance.
Arc splash suit.
Work permit system
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-36
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
DG ROOM FIRE
moderat
e
About
10mts
Affected
people-1
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
� Training to all
workmen and staff.
� Smoking in area
prohibited
� Sufficient fire extinguishers of
various capacity and
type is provided
• Fire extinguishers and
foam monitoring system
available
• 20% of workers trained in
Fire fighting
• 20% of workers trained in
first aid
• Activities are carried out as per written procedures
• Each and every step is
strictly double checked by
means of doer and
checker method
SPILL
AGE
---- About
5m
radius
Affected
people-2
� AS ABOVE AS ABOVE
UTILITY AND
MAINTENANC
E
FIRE
--- About
2m
Affected
people-2
� AS ABOVE AS ABOVE
EXPLO
SION
-- As
above
As above � AS ABOVE AS ABOVE
UNIT
OPERATIONS
CENTRIFUGAT
FIRE
&
EXPLO
moderat
e
About
5m
Affected
people-2
� Adequate ventilation
to prevent
accumulation of
chemical and solvent
vapors’.
AS ABOVE
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-37
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
ION
LEAF
FILTRATION
NUTSCH
FILTRATION
SION
� Smoking in area
prohibited
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
� Sufficient fire
extinguishers of
various capacity and type is provided
SPILL
AGE
As
above
About
2m
radius
Affected
people-2
� Adequate ventilation
to prevent
accumulation of
chemical and solvent
vapours.
AS ABOVE
TOXIC
RELEA
SE
As
above
About
5m
radius
Affected
people-2
� Adequate ventilation
to prevent
accumulation of
chemical and solvent vapours
AS ABOVE
FINISHING
AREA
FIRE
--- About
5m
Affected
people-1
� Standard operating
procedures in
operation.
� Training to all
workmen and staff.
� Smoking in area
prohibited
� Sufficient fire extinguishers of
various capacity and
type is provided
AS ABOVE
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-38
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
7.7.1 Emergencies identified and Mitigation measures
Emergency Identified Mitigation Measures – Control and
Monitoring
Spillage/Overflow/Leakage
(Reaction Mass
/Chemicals/Effluent)
• Isolate the affected area to prevent
unauthorized access and evacuate if
required
• Use appropriate Personal Protective
Equipment
• Isolate the source of leak or spillage to
prevent further loses(if it is safe to do)
• Appropriate spill control measures are
adopted to contain or control the
spillage/overflow/leakage of reaction
mass
• Spill control kit are available at
identified locations as mentioned below
• Trained ERT is available to combat any
situation in any area of the plant
premises. Transfer residual contents and contaminated absorbents for safe
disposal
• Decontaminate surfaces drains with
suitable procedures
• Inform to government agencies if it
caused major environmental damage
• Level indicators are provided for
required equipment to avoid the
overflow of the reaction mass/solvents
etc
• The effluent is pumped to the effluent
treatment plants without any delay to
avoid the overflow of the effluent pits
• Adequate dyke walls are constructed to
avoid the overflow.
• Any major overflow/spillage will pass
through acid proof drainage line to collection tank of ETP for further
treatment
Fire / Explosion • Earthing and bonding for the equipment and storage tanks to prevent static
electricity generation
• Antistatic polybags and PPE are used
• Antistatic pad provided to discharge
static charge generated on employees
• Solvent charging to the reactor will be
done through closed pipe loops and
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-39
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
interlock will be provided with level
control
• Jumper provided at pipe line flange end
to avoid static accumulation
• Double earthing to all electrical motors
and body earthing provided to process
equipments
• Double heat exchanger with cooling and chilling circulation to avoid loss of vapor
provided
• All reactor vent lead to outside the
department with fire arrester
• SRV with rapture disc to reactor which
is again connected through pipe line to
separate vessel to safely discharge reaction mass if any runaway or
pressurization
• Adequate number of fire extinguishers
in respective areas. • Fire alarm system with smoke and heat
detectors
• Nitrogen blanketing facility to all the
equipment where solvents are handled
• Instruments for measuring explosive
mixtures
• Process safety experiments are
conducted to identify the hazard
• Risk analysis is carried out for unit
operations / unit process
• Emergency exits and escape routes are
defined and displayed
• Get the help from neighboring industries/fire brigade if required
• All equipment are flameproof in areas
which are expected to have flammable
vapors • Explosion vents, safety relief valve and
rapture disc installed for all critical
equipments
• Emergency preparedness and response
is in place
• Skilled and trained personals only
allowed to operate the process and
process equipment
Toxic leak / Release to
atmosphere
• Appropriate personal protective equipments are used as barriers
against inhalation of the toxic gases
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-40
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
7.8 Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP)
Safety and reliability of modern processing plant can be improved by
using procedures that recognize and eliminate potential problems in the
design stage. This is especially important because of the increasing need
to operate the different units, for economic reasons, more closely to
known risk situations. Hence, it requires refined methods like HAZOP
study technique for identifying hazardous situations and problems and
eliminating them at the design stage. Based on process reactions, a list of
process reactions were identified for taking additional care precautions
and presented in Table 7.10
• Adequate scrubbing system is available
to neutralize the gases evolved during
the process
• Wind socks are installed to show the
wind direction in all locations
• Emergency preparedness and response
is in place
• Proper ventilation is provided to prevent accumulation of vapors
• Persons are trained to handle
hazardous material and steps to be
taken during emergencies
• MSDS available for all materials
• Antidotes are available for hazardous
chemicals • Ambulance facility to shift the victim to
hospital in time
• Agreement with nearby hospitals
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-41
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Table 7.10
Hazardous processes and precautions suggested
Unit process Chemicals involved Equipment &utilities
Temp/ Pressure
Emissions Safety measures
Orphenadrine
base
Stage 1: reaction 2-methyl benzophenone
Methanol
Ni ca/Hydrogen
Water
SSR,CFR,
Utilities ::
cooling water ,
chilling water
45-50oC
- Earthing, Limit switch
CF , Flame proof
fittings
STAGE 2: Isolation,
Cooling, Centrifuge
HCl
DMAE Toluene
Naoh
Water
GLR,SSR,CFG
Utilities ::
cooling water ,
chilling water
120oC
- Earthing, Limit switch
CF , Flame proof
fittings
Di benzo Subranone
Stage 1: Condensation
Phthalic anhydride,
Phenyl acetic acid,
sodium acetate,
SSR, condenser
,CF, DRIER,
Utilities ::
Hot oil , cooling
water , chilling
water
240oC CO2 Cyclone scrubbing ,
Earthing, Limit switch
CF , Flame proof
fittings
Stage 2: Hydrogenation
water, Raney nickel
catalyst, Hydrogen
Nitrogen
SSR
hydrogenator
Utilities:
Steam ,
Cooling water,
70-75*c -- Rupture disc ,
earthing ,NRV, fire
arrester
Safety valve.
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
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Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Stage3:
Acid , water
PP FRP, CF
<35*C --- ----
CARBAMEZAPANE CRUDE
Stage-1: Reaction
Toluene, Iminostilbene, Triphosgene,
SSR, condenser
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler
<15*C HCL Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof electrical equipment
Stage-2: Precipitation Gas purging
Ammonia Gas
SSR, CF, Dryer Utilities
Cooling water,
Chilling Plant
<15*C Earthing, Limit switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment,
Gas regulator
Hydroxy Dimethyl Dibenzyl Intermediate
2-Benzoyl Benozoic acid,
Methanol, Hydrogen,
Toluene, Cation resin,
Methyl magnesium
Chloride in THF, Acetone
SSR, CF, Drier, Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler
50oC - Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Piperidine Propiophenone
Acetophenone,
Formaldehyde, Toluene,
Piperidine
GLR, CF, SSR
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler
30-120oC - Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Cinnerazine Crude
Stage 1 : reaction R
Benzophenone
Hydrogen
Methanol RaneyNi
Water
SSR,NF,TD,CF
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler
50-55oC
<15*C
- Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-43
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Stage 2 : PIPERIZINE
Cinmayl Alcohol
Toluene
NAOH,HCL,WATER
SSR,CFG,TD
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler
<15*C
120oC
- Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Doxiepinone
Phthalide,Phenol, DMF,
Methanol
SSR, CF, Drier,
Utilities Cooling water,
TFH, Boiler
200-220oC - Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof electrical equipment
Dothiepinone
Phthalide, Thiophenol,
DMF, Methanol
SSR, CF,
Utilities Cooling water,
TFH, Boiler
200-220oC - Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Methoxy Dichloro
Pyrimidine
Stage 1: reaction
Methoxydimethyl ester,
Toluene,
Formamide in acetate
water
sodium methoxide
SSR,CF,Drier
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler, Chiller
<15*C
80-90oC
- Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Stage 2 : Isolation, cooling
Acetone
HCL
SSR,GLR,Drier,
CFG Utilities
Cooling water,
Boiler, Chiller
<15*C
110-120oC
- Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof electrical equipment
P-T-Butyl Benzyl Chloride
Tetra Butyl Benzene,
Formaldehyde, HCL
GLR,
Utilities Cooling water,
30-40oC - Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-44
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Boiler
Chloroacetyl
chloridebenzo phenone
nitro benzo phenone
Toluene Sodium bicarbonate
Chloroacetyl chloride
GLR,CFG,SSR,TD
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler, Chiller
50-55oC
<15*C
CO2 Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Chloro Ethyl Piperidine HCL
Piperidino ethanol,
Thionyl Chloride,
Toluene, Methanol
GLR, CF, SSR,
Drier,
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler
90oC SO2 Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Hydroxy Dimethylamino
Thophene
2-acetyl thiophene,
Formaldehyde, Toluene,
DMA, Methanol,
Hydrogen, Ni Cat, Ethyl acetate
GLR, CF, SSR,
Drier,
Utilities
Cooling water, Boiler
45oC - SRV, N2, Rapture
disc, Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Imino Dibenzyl
Stage 1 :reaction Dinitro
di benzyl
Iron powder
Ammonium chloride
Methanol
CF, SSR, Drier,
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler
80oC - Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Stage 2 : vaccum
distillation Phosphoric acid
Xylene
Vaccum
distillation unit
O2 Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof electrical equipment
Benzo Phenone Methyl ester
Phenolphthalein,
Hydroxylamine sulphate,
Toluene, NaoH,
SSR, CF, Drier,
Utilities
Cooling water,
80-85oC - Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-45
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Methanol, Cation Resin Boiler
2-amino nitro
benzo phenone
Stage 1: reaction
2-chloro 5-nitro benzoic
acid Toluene
Thionyl chloride
GLR,
Utilities
Cooling water, Boiler, Caustic
scrubber
55-60oC SO2,HCL Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Stage 2 : isolation
cooling
Benzene
Aluminium chloride Water
GLR,CF
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler, Caustic scrubber
50-55oC HCL GAS Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Stage 3 : Centrifuge
Methanol NH3
WATER
SSR,CFG,Drier
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler
<15oC - Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof electrical equipment
Bromo anisole and dimethylamino
cyclo hexanone
Stage 1 :Reaction
Cyclohaxanone
Formaldehyde
Dimethylamine
Toluene
Water
GLR,CFG
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler, Vaccum
pump
25-30oC
100oC
- Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Stage 2 : isolation
cooling centrifuge
M-bromo phenol
Dimethyl sulphate
Toluene
GLR,
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler, Vaccum
pump
<25oC
55-60oC
- Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
7-46
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Chloro
phenothiazine
Stage 1: reaction
M chloro anilnine
Iron
O-Chlorobenezic acid
NaOH
WATER
TOLUENE
SSR,NF,CF,Drier
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler, Vaccum
pump
80-85oC CO2 Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Stage 2 :isolation,
cooling,
centrifuge
Chloro Benzene, Sulphur
SSR,CF,Drier
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler, Vaccum pump
140oC
<15oC
H2 Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Ester
Stage 1 :Reaction
Iso propanol
Toluene
Propionic acid
Water
P-Toluene sulfonic acid
SSR,GLR,
Utilities Cooling water,
Boiler,Chiller,Vac
cum pump
110-120oC - Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
Dimethylamino
propyl chloride
Stage 1:reaction
,isolation, washing
Bromo chloro propane
Dimethylamine 40%
solution
Toluene
NaOH
NaCL
Water
SSR,
Utilities Cooling water,
Chiller, Vaccum
pump
<25oC - Earthing, Limit
switch, Flame proof
electrical equipment
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7.9 Occupational Safety and Health
The Bulk drugs industry involves handling of various chemicals.
The manufacturing process may generate fugitive emissions,
which will pose hazards in the production area to the
employees. The occupational safety and health plan shall follow
the guidelines based on Factories Act 1948 and shall be
finalized in consultation with the local factories inspectorate.
The occupational safety and health plan is prepared to identify
the hazards due to the operations and process, with the
mitigation measures. The mitigation measures are mainly
engineering controls, production area conditions, personal
protective equipment and training and education.
7.9.1 Health Surveillance Plan
The health surveillance plan consists of medical checkup on
recruitment to ascertain the health status of the employees.
The data to be obtained includes;
Baseline health data such as height, weight and Vital statistics,
A detailed history of previous diseases and occupational
exposures. The focus will be on previous lung problems and
precious exposure to lung toxins such as silica, asbestos,
irritant gases etc., A history of personal hobbies or activities
that might involve exposures to potential toxicants, particularly
those that might affect target organs of concern of metal
species, Past history of any allergies, including asthma.
Identification of personal habits (smoking, hygiene, alcohol
consumption, fingernail biting) that may be relevant to work.
Histories will be sufficiently detailed, complete physical
examination with special attention to respiratory, the
appropriate respiratory equipment (if any) that may be worn,
X-ray, Blood tests and urine tests.
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Annual health check up for all employees who are working in production
areas and stores areas, including casual workers, is done through the
hospital. It is suggested to including general health check up, lung
function test, Liver function tests, urine and blood examinations &
Records are maintained. It is suggested to maintain Antidotes as
suggested for toxic gas hazards in the referral hospital always to meet
any emergencies
7.9.2 First Aid centre
RL Fine Chem private Limited has the occupational health center with the
following emergency handling facilities
� Stretcher
� Bed
� Self breathing equipment
� First aid boxes
� Ambulance is on call
� Two vehicles will be made available in day and night shifts
7.9.3 Tie up with Local Hospitals:
Government Hospital, ESI Hospital, Wipro health Centre and
Balaji Nursing Home are available in the nearby area.
occupational health centre for treatment and first aid activities
is provided. If any major injuries are observed at that time we
will admit in the authorised and approved insurance facility
hospitals.
7.10 Disaster Management Plan
This Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been designed based on the
range, scales and effects of "Major Generic Hazards" described in the Risk
Assessment Report just mentioned and on their typical behaviours
predicted therein. The DMP addresses the range of thermal and
mechanical impacts of these major hazards so that potential harm to
people onsite and off-site, plant and environment can be reduced to a
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practicable minimum. The scenarios of loss of containment are credible
worst cases to which this DMP is linked.
The project is in its formative stage and detail engineering is yet to be
done, so the elements of the DMP are based on concepts.
The emergency plan envisaged will be designed to intercept full range of
hazards specific to Pharmaceutical industry. In particular, the DMP will be
designed and conducted to mitigate those losses of containment
situations, which have potentials to escalate into major perils.
Emergency medical aids to those who might be affected by chemical spills
and toxic exposure will be inherent in the basic capabilities. The most
important capability of this DMP will be the required speed of response to
intercept a developing emergency in good time so that disasters such as
explosion, major fire etc. are never allowed to happen.
7.10.1 Disaster Control Philosophy
The emergency control philosophy of the plant is in line with its normal
operational controls. The emergency control room will be the plant's
Central Control Room, which will employ Distributed Control System
(DCS). All emergency operations, which may involve shutdown of the
plant, will be controlled from the Central Control Room by the same
operator(s) using dedicated "Shut-Down Consoles". The consoles will send
commands to initiate the shutdown procedure. Plant shutdown system will
be performed by DCS.
The principal strategy of DMP of the plant is "Prevention" of identified
major hazards. The "Identification" of the hazards will employ one or
more of the techniques [e.g. Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP),
accident consequence analysis etc.]. Since these hazards can occur only
in the event of loss of containment one of the key objectives of
technology selection, project engineering, construction, commissioning
and operation is "Total and Consistent Quality Assurance". The Project
Authority will be committed to this strategy right from the conceptual
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stage of the plant so that the objective of prevention can have ample
opportunities to mature and be realised in practice
The DMP or Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) will consist of:
A. On-site Emergency Plan
B. Off-site Emergency Plan
Disaster Management Plan preparation under the headlines of On-site
Emergency Plan and Off-site Emergency Plan is in consonance with the
guidelines laid by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF), Govt
of India."Occupier" of the facility is responsible for the development of the
On-site Emergency Plan as per the guidelines given by the Government.
The Off-site Emergency Plan should be developed by the Government
(District Authorities).
7.10.2 ONSITE EMERGENCY PLAN
Objectives of Emergency Management Plan (On-Site)
A quick and effective response during emergency can have tremendous
significance on whether the situation is controlled with little loss or it
turns into a major emergency therefore, the objectives of this onsite
emergency plan (ONSEP)
During Emergency: is to provide basic guidance to the personnel for
effectively combating such situations to minimize loss of life, damage to
property and loss of property.
� To provide a means of direction to successfully prevent and mitigate
any emergency which may occur.
� To localize the emergency and if possible eliminate.
� To control and contain the incident as early as possible and to
prevent it from spreading out.
� To safe guard the employees by evacuating them to safe assemble
point.
� To rescue the victims and organize medical treatment.
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� To minimize the loss and damage to the plant, material and to limit
environment pollution.
� To re-establish normal conditions.
During Normal Time:
� To keep the required emergency equipment in stock at right places
and ensure their working condition;
� To provide proper guidelines to all personnel for emergency
operations and escape
� Preserve relevant records and evidence for the emergency case and
subsequent enquiry
� Investigation and remedial measures to avoid reoccurrence of the
hazard
7.10.3 Elements of onsite Emergency Plan
� Important elements considered in this plan are:
� Identification of emergencies
� Emergency organization
� Emergency facilities
� Emergency procedure
� Communications during emergency
� Rescue, Transport and Rehabilitation
� Roles and responsibilities of key personnel and essential employees
� Mutual aid
7.10.4 Emergencies Identified
Following are the potential emergencies anticipated from RL Fine Chem
private Limited
� Fire accidents at Bulk solvent storage
� Fire accidents at Boiler area, DG area
� Fire accidents in drier area
� Toxic gas release from storage of chemicals
� Major Spillage of solvents & other chemicals
� Fire/Explosion/Toxic gas release from cylinders
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7.10.5 Emergency Organization
The responsibilities of key personnel for emergencies are clearly defined
as follows
An emergency control room as the focal point has been earmarked. The
control room flashes information to various agencies as shown in the
chart. This is located in an area of minimum risk and close to road.
Security and Time office room is the emergency control point.
7.10.6 Emergency Facilities
a) Emergency Control Centre (ECC)
It is a location where all key personnel like Site Controller, Emergency
Coordinators can take stock of situation or can assemble and monitor
aspects related to emergency and take decisions related to emergency.
The following information and facilities would be maintained at the ECC
Plant control room: Latest copy of Onsite Emergency Plan and Off Site
Emergency Plan (as provided by District Emergency Authority)
� Intercom Telephone
� P&T Telephone
� Telephone Directories (internal and P&T)
� Factory Layout, Site Plan
� Electrical cable rooting plan, locations of hazardous inventories,
sources of safety equipment, hydrant layout, location of pump
house, road plan, assembly by points, vulnerable zones, escape
routes;
� Emergency shutdown procedures for generators and fuel supply
system;
� Nominal roll of employees;
� List and addresses of key personnel;
� List and addresses of first aid providers;
� List and addresses of employees trained in fire fighting;
� List and addresses of qualified trained persons;
� Material safety data sheets of raw materials;
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� Duties of key personnel;
� Important addresses and telephone numbers including those of fuel
supplying company, government agencies, neighbouring industries
and other sources of help, outside experts;
The following emergency equipment shall be made available at alternate
ECC (Security point):
� Fire proximity suit/Gloves/Helmets;
� Hand tools suitable for pipelines (non sparking type);
� Teflon tape;
� Flame proof torches/batteries;
� Manila rope;
� Spark arrestor;
� First aid box;
� Public address megaphone, hand bell, emergency torch.
b) Assembly Points
Assembly points are those locations where the persons who are not
connected with emergency operations can await either for further
instructions or for rescue transport and rehabilitation. Assembly point is
located opposite to Security and Time Office room which is located far
away from production area.
c) Emergency control systems present
The following emergency control systems are in place in M/s. RL Fine
Chem private Limited.
1. Lightening protection for all buildings and high raised chimneys.
2. Double Earthing & Bonding for electrostatic hazards for all reactors
3. Mobile earthing for drums while charging material
4. Closed arrangement for solvent transferring.
5. Pressure Relief system & Rupture Discs
6. Earth Rite system for road tanker loading and unloading.
7. FLP fittings at Flammable materials handling areas.
8. Fire protection systems :
• Portable Fire Extinguishers
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9. Wind Sack on ware house building
10. Occupational Health Centre.
11. Safe handling procedures.
12. Spill Control kits.
d) Location of First Aid Boxes
The first aid boxes are located at the following places production blocks,
administrative office, time office, and will be under the charge of EHS in-
charge.
e) Fire protection system
An elaborate fire protection system is in place in M/s. RL Fine Chem
private Limited. Fire Hydrant system is in place to cover the entire plant
including manufacturing blocks, Bulk storage tanks and utility areas. Fire
station (Hindupur) is 15 KM from the site.
h) Emergency Escapes
Emergency escapes in the plant area and floor wise emergency are
conspicuously marked.
7.10.7 ORGANISATION
General Manager is the over all in-charge of the plant operations and is
assisted by all Plant Manager & department heads. Production activities
are looked after by both the Production Head/Managers, EHS activities
Safety I/C, Engineering aspects by head (Maintenance) Plant Electrical
maintenance by Electrical Engineer, material inventory by stores head,
Personnel & Administration wings, other department heads are directly
reporting to General Manager.
MAN POWER
All Chemists/Executives/Assistants/Managers are well qualified and
experienced in finished dosage manufacturing Industry. Experience is
varying from 5 to 15 years in the similar field.
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SHIFT TIMINGS
SHIFTS HOURS NO OF WORKERS PRESENT
A Shift 07.00 Hrs – 15.00 Hrs 22
B Shift 14.00 Hrs – 22.00 Hrs 20
C Shift 22.00 Hrs– 07.00 Hrs 15
General Shift 9.00 Hrs – 6.00 Hrs 12
EMERGENCY ORGANISATION
An emergency organisation is drawn up to execute emergency operations.
General Manager is designated as the Site Controller. He reports to
Managing Director along with other functionaries like Q.C., Process
Development. Production Manager is designated as site controller. Area
Incharge is designated as the Incident Controller. In the absence of
Production Manager, Area Incharge assumes role of Site Controller.
Personnel Executive is Emergency Coordinator for Rescue, Rehabilitation.
Shift Incharge, Chargemen, Boiler Operators, Chilling Plant Operator,
Electrical Incharge, Chemists are designated as Essential Employees and
would assist Incident Controller, Emergency Co-ordinators in mitigating
the effects of emergency and also in rescue, rehabilitation, first aid etc.
Detailed duties are laid out along with General Organisation Chart and
Emergency Chart.
All Managers are usually present during day shift are designated as Key
Personnel and Coordinate different functions during non-emergency and
emergency situation
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EMERGENMCY ORGANIZATION CHART
COORDINATOR
Law & Order & Govt.
agencies
COORDINATOR
Hospitals & Fire
COORDINATOR –
Head count &
SITE CONTROLLER
Leading emergency
RESCUE OPERATION
COORDINATOR
Communication
COORDINATOR –
Rescue coordination
RESCUE MEMBERS
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7.11 Mock drill
Mock Drills would be organized once in six months to evaluate the
preparedness and functioning of OSEP. It is also planned to undertake few
informed and non formed mock drills (or rehearsals) for meeting
emergencies. Such rehearsals would be carefully analyzed and
shortcomings would be identified and necessary corrections would be
taken up. Site controller is responsible for planning and execution and
evaluation of mock drills. Also information would be given to statutory
authorities. It is proposed to at-least conduct two mock drills in a year
and over a period of time all the sections in all the shifts would be
covered. When truck drivers carrying product are in the plant, they also
would be trained regarding transportation emergencies and how to react
to minimize the damage or effect on people.
7.12 Review of Onsite Emergency Plan
1. Onsite Emergency Plan would be reviewed whenever there is a change
in product, or product route of manufacture, or addition of new equipment
or change in Site Controller.
2. Site Controller is responsible for such update and making available
latest copy or Onsite Emergency Plan to all concerned in the organization
as will as to the Statutory Authorities.
7.13 Incident recording and revision of Disaster Management Plan
Every incident/accident in RL Fine Chem private Limited shall be recorded
by safety & environmental officer. Root cause analysis and corrective
actions shall be taken by responsible I/C of area and shall be reviewed by
top management in safety committee meeting once in two months time
The Disaster Management Plan would be periodically revised based on
accident/incidents and experienced gained from the mock drills.
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7.14 Off site emergency plan
This is a brown field pharmaceutical unit. There are 17 chemicals which
come under Manufacture, Storage and Import of hazardous Chemicals
(MSIHC) Rules, 2016. No chemicals crossed the 1st or 2nd threshold limits
prescribed in MSIHC Rules. Modelling data on potential hazards indicates
that the impacts will be limited to plant premises. 4 Toxic chemicals are
stored in liquid condition. Information on quantities of chemicals stored,
emergency centre and mitigation will be submitted to Authorities under
MSIHC Rules and chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning preparedness
and response) Rules. The unit will also participate in mutual aid program
with other units in the area to get help from other units and also to help
other units in case of emergency situations. Accessibility to all bulk
storages will be maintained without any obstructions and all chemical
storages will be provided with dyke walls to contain any accidental spills
or leaks. Unit will coordinate with IDA Thumukunta Authorities and
District Administration to give information to public in case of any
emergency situation.
CHAPTER-8
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CHAPTER-8
PROJECT BENEFITS
This chapter describes about benefits of the project on improvements in the
physical infrastructure, social infrastructure, employment potential and other
tangible benefits.
8.1 Employment Opportunity
The proposed project is likely to provide employment to additional 100 people.
The preference will be given to local population for employment in the semi-
skilled and unskilled category; this will increase the employment opportunity in
the surrounding area. The Secondary jobs and indirect employment are also
bound to be generated to provide day-to-day needs and services to the work
force and industrial activity. This will also increase the demand for essential
daily utilities in the local market. The employed people will be benefited
financially. This financial gain will fulfill their monetary requirements, which in
turn will increase their standard of living.
8.2 Likely Indirect Employment Opportunities
The industry requires higher quantities of raw materials and procures from
various sources. This will enhance the employment opportunities at the
source. Apart from this additional employment will be generated in the
transport sector for increased material transportation
The industry generates nearly 15 tons of Ash per Month which can be used for
manufacture of bricks. The management is ready to encourage local people to
provide technology and resources to take this as downstream unit. This will
increase employment opportunities.
8.3 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) & Socio-Economic Development
The unit is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfill the social
obligations, unit will employ semi-skilled and skilled labor from the nearby
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villages for the proposed project as far as possible. Unit will also try to
generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages by appointing
local contractors during construction phase as well as during operation phase.
After proposed project, unit will make provision of fund every year towards
CSR activities in nearby villages. The various CSR activities identified and
planned at present are described below;
� Education and skill development
� Health camps
� Infrastructure development in nearby government schools
� Other social welfare activities
8.4 Direct Revenue Earning To the National And State Exchequer
The proposed project will also contribute revenue to the Central & State
exchequer in the form GST & Corporate taxes etc. Indirect contribution to the
Central & State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of registration
of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes
from associated units. Thus, the proposed project will help the Government by
paying different taxes from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus,
will help in developing the area. Development with sustainable approach of the
industries will help to maintain good environment.
8.5 Other Tangible Benefits
The proposed project will have many employment & trade opportunities with
the initiation of the project. Thus, these considerable employment & trade
opportunities will eventually result in appreciable economic benefits to the
local people & businesses/contractors. The raw materials & finished goods are
moved by truck which provides indirect employment to people engaged in this
sector. Greening drive in the area will give a pleasant look and improve
biodiversity.
CHAPTER-9
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CHAPTER - 9
ENVIRONMENT COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
There is no specific aspect recommended in the TOR on this project.
CHAPTER-10
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CHAPTER-10
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
This chapter outlines the Environmental Management Plan for the project,
budget provisions, institutional arrangements for implementation and
monitoring of the EMP
10.1 Introduction
Environmental Protection is an issue that no organization can neglect and hope
to survive. The by- products of civilization are being dumped upon the
environment to a degree that the environment finds difficult to assimilate. The
key to success of the integrated approach to pollution prevention and control is
the management and operation of the organization. Effective committed
management delivers a successful industry. As total commitment to the
environment, not just for compliance with legal or regulatory compliance will
be the essence of environment management of an industry. Many companies
have recognized the benefits of implementing an effective environmental
management system.
Environmental management Plan can be effectively implemented to mitigate
the pollution levels by observing the following;
� Pollution will be prevented or reduced at the source,
� Pollution that cannot be prevented will be recycled in an environmentally
safe manner,
� Pollution that cannot be prevented or recycled will be treated in
environmentally safe manner, and
� Disposal and other releases into the environment will be used “only as a
last resort” and will be conducted in an environmentally safe manner.
The management plan is drawn in consultation with the project proponents
with reference to various potential monitored, identified and predicted in the
previous chapters. And the necessary measures to be taken for the mitigation
and control of the same presented, various pollution control measures adopted
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which are present and the proposed additional measures identified for
adoption are discussed in this chapter.
Review of the process is the essential component of Environmental
management Plan. M/S. RL Fine Chem Private Limited involved in continuous
R&D to optimise the consumption of raw materials and to increase the yield &
purity of the product thus by reducing waste generation.
10.2 THE PROJECT LOCATION
RL Fine Chem Private Limited is located at Plot. No. 165 to 182 APIIC, IDA
Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M) Anantapur (D), Andhra Pradesh state. In order
to meet the market demand it is proposed to expand its capacity from the
current 7.2 TPM to 48.6 TPM using existing infrastructure.
10.2.1 Site Sensitivity
� There are No Reserve Forests within 10 KM radius from the site.
� Nearest village is Thumukunta is at about 0.73 KM in the west direction
from the site with a population of 2417 people.
� Rain fed water tank is at about 0.8 KM distance in the North Direction of
the site and penna river is at a distance of 2.2 Km.
� Karnataka State border is at a distance of 1.2 Km from the site.
� Nearly 36 large and 100 medium scale industries are working in the
Surrounding area.
� There are 87 villages/towns in the study area, covering – two states of
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka with a total population of 2,53,471 as per
the 2011 census. Out of this 48 villages are in state of Karnataka with
population of 52,249 and 39 villages in the state of Andhra Pradesh with
total population of 2,01,222.
� There is Government High school in Thumukunta village at a distance of
1.72 Km from the site. The PHC center is located in Santhebidanur village
at distance of 2.8 km from the site.
� There is primary school in the village of Thumukunta
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� Hindupur town is at a distance of 9.6 Km from the site with a population
of 1,51,677 with many government and private educational institutions
and hospitals
10.3 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EIA
An EIA was conducted as per the broader guidelines of TOR issued to the
project and the major findings of the EIA study & Impacts of the project on
environment due to the proposed activity are presented below
10.3.1 Impact on Physical Resources
Construction of proposed project requires natural resources like sand,
sub grade and aggregate, and materials produced from natural resources
like bricks, cement and steel. The material shall be drawn from local
sources, and the lead distances range from 1- 250 km. The impacts on
physical resources of sand will be irreversible while bricks will be brought
from kilns which use Coal ash. The material requirement of steel, cement
etc. will be purchased from manufacturers with in state. Hence, no major
impacts on physical resources as regards the availability and
procurement of construction material are anticipated due to the project.
10.3.2 Impacts on Air Quality
Impacts on air quality during construction stage are likely to be due to
operation of construction yards, material transport on trucks and fugitive
emissions from the construction site. During operational stage the
following air emission sources are identified
� Air emissions from Existing 2 TPH briquette fired boiler and proposed
2 TPH briquette fired boiler
� Air emissions from DG sets of 200 KVA and proposed 250 KVA
� Air emissions from process
� Fugitive emissions from storage and handling of chemicals
Emissions are quantified and given chapter 2 and Chapter 4. Modelling
results are presented in chapter 4 which indicates slight increase in PM 10,
PM 2.5, SO2 and NOx. The quantities of process emissions are estimated
and presented. Cyclone separator is proposed for controlling dust emissions
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from boiler. Adequate stack height is proposed as per CPCB norms for both
boiler and DG sets for safe dispersion of emissions.
10.3.2.1 Measures for fugitive emission control
Two stage scrubbers are proposed for process emissions. All process
reactors shall be connected to scrubbing system. Vent condensers and
chillers are proposed for reactors where Solvents are charged. All bulk
storages shall be provided vent condensers. Chemicals handling and
charging shall be done in closed system. Good ventilation will be provided
to reduce work room concentrations.
10.3.2.2 Measures for achieving maximum solvent recovery:
� The entire manufacturing activities & distillation process will be carried
out in the totally closed system.
� Maintenance of the pipeline and valves & fittings will be carried out
regularly to avoid any leakages.
� Reactor will be connected with two numbers of condensers where cooling
water and chilled water will be used as media and also equipped with
vacuum system as per requirement.
� The condenser will be provided with the sufficient HTA and residence
time to achieve more than 90% recovery
10.3.2.3 Odour
Odour can be defined as the “perception of smell” or in scientific terms as “a
sensation resulting from the reception of stimulus by the olfactory sensory
system”. Whether pleasant or unpleasant, odour is induced by inhaling air-
borne volatile organics or inorganics. Odour affects human beings in a number
of ways. Strong, unpleasant or offensive smells can interfere with a person’s
enjoyment of life especially if they are frequent and/ or persistent. Though foul
odour may not cause direct damage to health, toxic stimulants of odour may
cause ill health or respiratory symptoms. Secondary effects, in some, may be
nausea, insomnia and discomfort. Very strong odour can result in nasal
irritation, trigger symptoms in individuals with breathing problems or asthma.
On the economic front, lossof property value near odour causing operations/
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industries and odorous environment is partly a consequence of offensive
odour.
Table 10.1
Details of Offensive Odorous Compounds Emitted from Industry
Sl.
No.
Compound/
Odorant
Formula Molecular
Weight
Volatility
at 25°C
in ppm
Detection
Threshold
in ppm
(v/v)
Offensive
Odour
Description
1 Ammonia NH3 17 Gas 17 Pungent,
Irritating
2 Acetic acid CH3COOH 60 Gas 1.0 Vinegar
3 Acetone CH3COCH3 58 Liquid - Fruit
4 Formaldehyde HCHO 30 Liquid - Acrid
5 Dimethylamine (CH3)2NH 45 Gas 0.34 Putrid Fishy
Source: Journal of Indian Association for Environmental Management, Vol. 29, Feb, 2002
10.3.2.4 Odour control measures
Odorous substances that are emitted from industrial sources include both
inorganic and organic gases. Operations are carried out under best
management practices, wet scrubbers are provided and greenbelt is developed
for control of Odour.
10.3.3 Impact on water resources:
The project needs about 67.9 KLD of water out of which fresh water
requirement is 39.9 KLD. It is proposed to procure water from APIIC.
10.3.3.1 Water conservation measures at plant level
Project site is in semiarid region and receives low rainfall. Water is scarce and
is required to adopt all possible methods to conserve the resource. All the
possible methods of Reduce, Recycle and Reuse of water shall have to be
implemented along with the minimization of waste generation in the process.
In order to reduce consumption of fresh water the following options will have
to be adopted at every stage.
1. Arrangements shall be made for recycling of process washes to the
maximum extent possible
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2. High pressure jets shall be used for reactor washings and floor washing
to reduce overall consumption
3. Leakages from taps and joints will have to be avoided.
4. Care should be taken to avoid accidental breakages and spillages.
5. Water meters shall be installed to measure and monitor the
consumption of water
10.3.3.2 Impact on Surface water resources
The degradation of water quality can occur during construction phase from
increased sediment load into watercourses near the construction site.
Storm water runoff would increase due to the increase in impervious
surface. As percolation pits are not suggested and encouraged for
chemical industries, rain water collection, storage and re-use is proposed.
The design of the storm water drain will consider the additional runoff. In
order to avoid storm water contamination, following, measures are
proposed.
1. As envisaged the Industry need to follow strictly the zero liquid discharge
method of chemical process in manufacturing the products.
2. All collection, treatment and storage tanks shall be constructed overhead
to avoid any seepage of stored effluents into ground
3. Collection pits shall be made at the end of storm water drains for checking
of quality of storm water during the rainy season before let out the water
outside. If any contamination is found, the entire water shall be treated
before discharging
4. Surface run-off quality shall be checked and records shall be maintained
by the industry
5. All the internal drains shall be closed drains and pipes shall be over the
ground and shall not be buried
6. Traps shall be constructed in the process and storage areas to collect any
spillage of chemicals so that storm water contamination can be avoided
All storm water drains are routed to adequate size storm water sump.
Overflow from storm water sump is connected to natural drain outside the
plant boundary wall.
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10.3.3.3 Impact on Ground Water Resources
As the unit proposed to acquire entire fresh water through APIIC, there
will not be any impact on ground water in the area.
Pollution control measure:
It is proposed to treat and re-use the effluent water for utilities. It is
suggested to treat the effluents in Zero Liquid discharge plant.
10.3.3.4 Water Conservation Measures
10.3.3.5 Rain water Harvesting Plans
Keeping in view of the existing levels of contamination of ground and surface
water in the region, it is suggested only Roof top Rain Water Harvesting
methods to collect rainwater from all the buildings. The harvested water
should be stored in the tanks placed above the surface. Purchase of water
during rainy season should be avoided to the extent harvested.
10.3.3.6 Ground Water Recharge Methods
The project site and Industrial Area has very shallow ground water level. There
is no scope of undertaking artificial ground water recharge structures in the
Core Zone.
In the peripheral areas of heavy ground water draft having deep ground water
levels, Recharge Techniques such as Gully Plugs, Nala Bunds, Check dams and
Gravity Recharge Wells may be planned in consultation with the Local Officials
and farmers in private lands under Corporate Social Responsibility.
10.3.4 Waste water handling
Being a pharmaceutical unit, the waste water from process will have high COD and
high TDS contents. If discharged on land or into steam, the impact on environment
would be severe in nature. The total quantity of waste water from process,
washings and scrubbers is estimated at 19.2 KLD. Effluent from utilities and
domestic is estimated at 11.7 KLD. As process effluents cannot be treated with
conventional treatment systems, it is proposed to evaporate by using Stripper-
MEE- ATFD to convert COD load and TDS load as distillates and salts which can be
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10-8 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
re-used or land filled safely. It is proposed to establish biological treatment plant
and RO system to treat and re-use the waste water for utilities and evaporate RO
rejects in MEE system. Thus the ETP is designed on the principle of Zero Liquid
Discharge further it is proposed to construct the ETP overhead to avoid any
seepage of water to ground and provide water traps in ETP and MEE areas to avoid
any overflows.
10.3.5 Impact on Soil:
Being a chemical unit, lot of hazardous and non hazardous waste are generated
from the process and other utilities. If the wastes are not properly handled, stored
and disposed, severe impact will be there on environment and in particular on land
and soil.
10.3.6 Impact on Land use
There is no land acquisition for this project. The unit is in possession of
4.32 Acres of land and plant is located in IDA Thumukunta, Hindupur (M),
Ananthapur District. Hence there is no impact on land use from the
expansion project.
10.3.7 Impacts on Noise Quality
Impacts on noise quality during construction stage will be significant.
Hence the construction is proposed only during daytime. The impacts during
occupation stage will be noise from DG sets. Construction workers will be
provided with protection equipment to guard against the noise impacts.
Acoustic enclosures are proposed to meet noise standards near DG sets.
10.3.8 Impact on Flora
The project site and its surroundings do not form a habitat to any
endangered flora. The project will enhance the aesthetics of the site due to
the provision of additional green belt. Currently the unit is having a
greenery of 1.24 Acres. As a part of expansion activity it is proposed to add
few Species in 0.18 Acres and maintain the existing green belt. The total area
of green belt after expansion would be 1.42 Acres i.e 33 % of the total
area.
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10.3.9 Impact on Fauna
As there are no endangered species of wild life in and around the project
site, it is likely to have minimal impact. The avifauna will find abode on
the trees proposed to be planted. This would enhance the aesthetics of the
area.
10.3.10 Impact on Road Network
The road infrastructure available at present can meet the demand. The
development in combination with this project activity will have marginal
impact. The site is well connected to outer ring road which is at about 3.0
KM from the site. Hence the pressure on existing road network would be
marginal.
10.3.11 Impact on Power Distribution:
The additional requirement of power would increase the pressure on
the electrical infrastructure and requires additional power generation in
the overall context. However the current generation plan of Andhrapradesh
Government. The power requirements from the expansion project are
marginal and can be met from existing infrastructure itself.
10.4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MEASURES PROPOSED
A description of the various management measures during the various
stages of the project is provided in the table below
Table10.2
Environmental Management Plan and Action Plan
Environmental
Issues/Impacts
Enhancement/ Mitigation
Measures Management Action
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Dust generation
due to construction
activities
• Roads in the
construction area will be sprinkled with water to
reduce the raising of dust.
• Plantation taken up at initial stage.
• Plantation to be ensured
• Horticulturists to identify the species.
• Supervising consultants/ contractor to ensure the
water sprinkling
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Exhaust gases
from construction machinery and
transportation of materials
• Vehicle and equipment
maintenance. • PUC for all transport
Vehicles. • Avoidance of idling of
equipment.
• Contractors to be educated
and supe rv i s ing consu l t ant to ensure
the same.
Sedimentation of storm water
during rainy season
• Avoiding stockpiles of materials near natural
drains. • Provision of filter
fence • Provision of storm
water drains wherever possible before the
beginning of construction.
• Architects, in consultation with Supervision consultants
should the measures needed
Alteration of
Drainage
• Storm water drains to
follow the natural course as far as possible.
• Storm water drains to have a min. water
velocity of 1m/s and a max. 3 m/s.
• Min. width of 0.6 meters
and depth based on the gradient
• Storm water inspection pits shall be provided to
check water quality
• Architects in consultation
with sanitary engineering consultants.
• Supervision consultant to ensure the same.
Water Consumption
• Water conservation measures during
construction.
• Sub contractors to be educated on water
conservation measures.
Pollution from
construction workers
• Provision of toilets
connected to septic tank followed by soak pit.
• Proper availability of
drinking water.
• Proper Sanitation practices.
• Sub contractors of the
camps to be educated. • Project authorities should
provide the facility. • Supervision consultant to
ensure the same.
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Loss of productive
soil
• Top soil would be stock
piled separately to re-use for plantation purposes
• Supervision consultant to
ensure the same in consultation with
horticulturist and architect.
Soil Erosion
• Cut and fill operation to
be done during non-monsoon season.
• Silt fence to ensure silt
does not enter storm water drains.
• Side slopes will be kept flatter wherever
possible, and in case of steeper slopes it is
mulched.
• Supervision consultant to
ensure the same in consultation with project
authorities.
Contamination of Soil
• Vehicle washing and machinery washing to
be avoided in site. • Parking of vehicles and
maintenance of vehicles to be avoided in site.
• Disposal of solid wastes by construction workers
to be made in garbage bins only.
• Subcontractors and Project authorities should ensure.
• Designate the parking areas
• Provision of Garbage bin by project authorities and
arrangements to be for disposal of the same.
Natural Resource consumption
• Identify sand availability from
government-authorised locations.
• Identify and use bricks from coal ash users.
• Use of Robo sand instead of natural sand
wherever possible.
• The design team in consultation with project
authorities and supervision consultants must identify
the suppliers.
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Noise Pollution
from heavy machinery,
and transportation.
• Noise causing activities
to be conducted during daytime.
• Maintenance of equipment and vehicles to mitigate noise generation.
• Inclusion of appropriate
clauses in construction contracts; monitoring of
compliance during construction and proper administration of contracts.
• Locating the construction equipments in consultation
with project authorities and supervision
consultants.
Construction debris
•Construction debris to be used for aggregate and
or sub grade purpose in the case of RCC
•recyclable metals to be
collected and sold to recyclers
•avoidance of excess inventory of materials.
• Provision of waste disposal site for waste from
construction and storage yard.
• Supervision consultant in
consultation with the sub-contractors
• Inclusion of appropriate clauses in construction
contracts; monitoring of compliance during
construction and proper administration of contracts
OCCUPATION STAGE
Dust Generation from material
transport vehicles
• Plantation. • Maintenance of roads
by way of sweeping.
• Horticulturist should ensure avenue plantation
• The Plant management should ensure maintenance of avenue plantation.
Emissions from
Boiler and DG sets
• Establishment &
Continuous operation of Cyclone separator for
Boiler • Maintenance of Cyclone
separator • Stack heights as per
the CPCB Norms • Acoustic enclosures to
DG sets
•To be maintained by the M/S
RL Fine Chem Private Limited
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Waste Water
Management
• All effluents at block
level shall be collected in tank in tank
arrangement • ETP units shall be over
ground as far as possible
• Drain taps shall be provided in ETP and
MEE areas to collect any overflows and
accidental spillages
• ZLD system shall be operated continuously
and any problem in ZLD system, production shall
not be continued • Adequate spares for
Stripper, MEE and ATFD, ETP and EC and
RO system shall be maintained
• Adequate chemicals and other nutrients shall be
maintained for ETP and RO system
• Proper up keep of ZLD
system shall be responsibility of
operational management of RL Fine Chem Private Limited
• Records of influent and treated effluent quality
and quantity should be maintained by the plant
management as per the
monitoring plan specified
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Storm water
Management
• Storm water will be
disposed into storm
water out let approved
by APPCB
• Storm water drains will
be maintained
periodically before
monsoon.
• Accidental discharges
spillages will not be
allowed to join storm
water drains.
• Roads, pavements and
other surfaces are swept
regularly.
• Storm water quality
shall be monitored
regularly and records
shall be maintained
•Storm water drain system
and disposal point to be
provided by M/S RL Fine
Chem Private Limited in
consultation with TSPCB
• Roof top water shall be
collected and used during
rainy season & recharge
pits shall be constructed
Water
Conservation
Measures .
• Water conservation
measures to be adopted
to reduce resource
consumption
• Water consumption for
various uses shall be
measured and records
shall be maintained
• RL Fine Chem Private
Limited shall conduct
regular training classes on
water conservation
measures
• Water will be procured
from APIIC
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Solid & Hazardous
Wastes
• Solid waste/garbage to
be collected in green and
blue dustbins.
• The biodegradable wastes
to be removed everyday
while the recyclable
wastes to be removed
once a week.
• Hazardous wastes shall
be stored in designated
area only with proper
sign board
• Overhead storage shall
be practised to avoid any
seepage to ground
• All hazardous wastes
shall be disposed
regularly through
authorized agencies
• A spate area with waste
water collection system
for cleaning of container
and container liners shall
be established in the
company
• Waste manifests shall be
followed
• Proper fire protection
measures shall be
adopted near Hazardous
storage area
•Plant authorities and EHS
team shall be responsible
for proper handling,
accounting storing &
Disposal of hazardous
wastes and maintenance of
records
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Noise Levels • Noise levels due to
traffic will increase in
the area and the
mitigation measures like
maintaining greenery
• Noise levels from DG
sets to be mitigated by
the provision of acoustic
enclosures.
• Plant authorities shall
ensure development and
maintenance of greenery
Traffic Control • Provision of parking
facilities for trucks
carrying hazardous
chemicals and materials
• Traffic and road safety
signals to be provided.
• The plant management
must ensure proper
parking of vehicles
carrying hazardous
chemicals in designated
areas only
• The project authorities
must provide the traffic
and road safety signals in
the plant
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Loading and Un
loading of chemicals
• Proper earthing facilities
for vehicles to avoid any
static electricity build up
• Spark arresters for all
transport vehicles entering
the premises
• Display of Work
instructions for loading
and unloading of materials
• Proper fire protection
measures for loading and
un loading of hazardous
material
• Stores and Plant
management of RL Fine
Chem Private Limited shall
be overall responsible for
chemical handling
• Emergency teams shall be
responsible for handling
any emergencies
• EHS team shall ensure
maintenance of earth pits
and earthing resistance
Storage of
Hazardous
Chemicals
• All storage vessels shall
be tested annually for
thickness and subjected
to pressure tests as
applicable
• No flammable material or
fire materials shall be
allowed nearer to storage
areas
• Warning symbols shall be
displayed
• Entry of un authorized
persons shall be
restricted to storage
areas
• Plant authorities and
stores department is
responsible for safe
storage of materials
• EHS team shall be
responsible for periodical
testing of tanks and other
safety measures
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Flora • The impacts on flora are
due to air pollution from
boiler, DG sets and
Process shall be mitigated
by developing greenery
• The flora of the site shall
increase with the
greening program.
•The Project authorities M/S
RL fine Chem Private
Limited management to
ensure greening the open
space.
Energy
Conservation
• The energy conservation
measures for operation of
various equipments and
pumps shall be ensured
• Energy efficient lighting
shall be ensured
• Use of solar street
lighting is suggested
• The Architect shall ensure
the codes are implemented
in the design drawings and
working drawings.
• Use of LED lights, Electronic
Ballast, and ON/OFF
sensors, etc.
• All Pumps, Motors and
mechanical equipment shall
be maintained regularly
Fire Safety • Provision of fire safety
measures as per the fire
safety regulations.
• The plant management
must provide necessary
emergency equipments
outlined in chapter 7
• Regular mock drills shall be
done by EHS team
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Chemical safety • Personal protective
equipment shall be
provided to all
employees working in
the reactor areas and
chemical handling areas
• Regular health check up
shall be done as per the
norms and records shall
be maintained
• Display of Material
safety data sheets in
storage and handling
areas shall be ensured
• Close handling of
chemicals shall be
ensured
• Pressure and
temperature controls for
reactors shall be
ensured
• Rupture disks and other
safety provisions shall
be ensured for all
reactors as applicable
• RL Fine Chem Private
Limited shall provide
training to all employees
regularly on chemical
safety
• EHS teams shall be made
responsible on accident
and incident reporting
system
• All safety equipments
shall be examined at
regular intervals
• Management actions shall
be initiated based on
health check up records
• The work force shall
ensure wearing of safety
gadgets always in the
factory premises
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10.5 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
The responsibility of implementing the mitigation measures lies with M/s
RL Fine Chem Private Limited during design and construction stages
while the responsibility lies with the plant management during
operational stage. All construction & Erection activities taken up by the
project authorities will be supervised by the plant authorities Implementation
schedule will be worked for phase wise implementation of the mitigation
measures after completion of detailed designs.
10.6 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING
The management of M/s RL Fine Chem Private Limited, will evaluate the
organizational structure with respect to inadequacies in implementing the
environment management plans. EHS team and Emergency teams shall
be constituted by the plant management and regular training shall be
given to all employees
10.7 TRAINING
The supervising staff have to be trained to effectively carry out.
• Co-ordinate, with supervision consultants and contractors on
compliance monitoring of mitigation measures during construction
phase.
• Monitoring of environmental components in the operation stage;
• Co-ordinate with concerned departments on environmental issues;
• Liaise with State and Government of India on reporting system post –
project implementation stage
• Chemical safety and Fire safety provisions
10.8 REPORTING SYSTEM & MONITORING SYSTEM
Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to
ensure quality of the works and that the program is on schedule. The rationale
for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure the measures
proposed as part of the Environment Management Plan get implemented in the
project.
The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor who is at the
lowest rung of the implementation system reporting to the Supervision
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Consultant, who in turn shall report to the top management of M/S Nosch Labs
Private Limited. Every month, implementation of EMP shall be reviewed by top
management during implementation stage and thereafter during operational
stage
10.9 Green belt Plan
Greenbelt is already maintained by the industry and additional green belt is
proposed in an area of 0.18 Acres as per the norms. However, a list of trees
and other ornamental species suggested.
Site specific greenbelt plan:
Green belt plan for the projects such as bulk drug and other pharma industries
involve the following types of plantations and need for more conservation of
existing plantations already maintained by Unit authorities. The present study
suggests that site specific new plantation works as well as protection and
maintenance of existing plantations.
Near the Entrance gate:
There are tall tree species on both the sides and no need for further
improvement. Some more hedge plants can be planted that enhances the
aesthetics of the industrial entrance. Few climbers such as Bauhinia Scarlet will
also give good look near the road side.
Near the office corridor:
Good number of ornamental plants exists here. To enhance more beauty of
these areas and to attract butterfly species, some of the following species can
be planted.
Near back side of the plant ( A model plan for each 1000 sq m or 0.1 ha area)
S.No
Botanical Name Common Name
Habit Preferred site of planting
Each Area sq mt
No Total area sq mt
1 Caryota urens Fish tail palm
Tree Boundary wall
1 10 10
2 Roystonea regia Royal palm
Tree Boundary wall
1 10 10
3 Polyalthia longifolia Indian mast tree
Tree Boundary wall
2 10 20
4 Nerium indicum Ganneru Tree Boundary wall
3 15 45
5 Terminalia catappa Badam Tree Boundary 3 15 45
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wall
6 Acalypha hispida Shrub Next row to Hedges
1 10 10
7 Tecoma stans Patcha turai
Tree Boundary wall
2 10 20
8 Thevetia neriifolia Pacha ganneru
Tree Boundary wall
3 15 45
9 Plumaria pudica Tree Garden Centre
1 16 16
10 Plumeria alba Deva ganneru
Tree Garden centre
3 5 15
11 Melaleuca citrina Crimson bottle brush
Shrub Garden centre
3 5 15
12 Tabernaemontana divaricata
Nandivardhanam
Shrub Garden Centre
4 10 40
13 Caesalpinia pulcherrima
Ratnagandhi
Shrub Next row to Hedges
1 20 20
14 Allamanda schottii compacta
Hedge Towards paths
0.25 400 100
15 Begonia semperflorens
Hedge Towards paths
0.5 40 20
16 Caladium hortulanum Fancy Leaved Caladium
Hedge Towards paths
0.25 40 10
17 Euphorbia geraldii Kiss Me Quick
Herb Near Corridor
0.5 20 10
18 Catharanthus rosea Vinca Ordinary
Herb Near Paths 0.1 200 20
19 Crinum asiaticum Blood Lily Herb Near Corridor
0.5 20 10
20 Crossandra undulaefolia lutea
Crossandra Yellow
Herb Near Corridor
0.5 20 10
21 Eranthemum purpureum
Kodia Purple Leaves
Hedge Towards paths
0.25 40 10
22 Gerbera jamesonii Transvaal Daisy
Herb Near Corridor
0.5 20 10
23 Lantana camara erecta
Lantana Red
Shrub Next row to Hedges
0.5 20 10
24 Kalanchoe tubiflora Chandelier Plant
Herb Near Corridor
0.1 500 50
25 Buddleja davidii Butterfly bush
Shrub Next row to Hedges
1 40 40
26 Asystasia gangetica Creeping foxglove
Hedge Near Paths 0.1 200 20
27 Bauhinia Scarlet Climbing shrub
Entrance to Garden
3 5 15
28 Ixora coccinea jungle flame
Shrub Next row to Hedges
1 20 20
29 Pennisetum clandestinum
Lawn Grass
Grass Rest of all LS LS 334
Total 1000
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Possibilities of undertaking the social forest programs in degraded lands, open
lands, protected forests etc under CSR program
Under the CSR program, it is suggested to raise more fruit yielding trees that can grow
in the present soil and climatic condition. Here more Coconut, Mango and Anacadimum
species can be planted.
Table 10.3 Proposed Budget for green belt
S.
No
Component First
Year
second
year
third
year
Fourth
Year
Fifth
Year
Total
1 Plant seeds/
saplings
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0
2 Worker charges 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.0
3 Maintenance cost 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.0
4 Miscellaneous 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0
Grand Total 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0
10.10 Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER)
The project proponents have been contributing to the socio-economic
development in the area as part of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
Besides providing employment to the locals, they have also supported
programmes focusing on healthcare and education support to the local
communities.
As per the new guidelines of MoEF & CC Suggestive plans together with
indicative budgets for Corporate Environment Responsibility are presented
below for M/s RL Fine Chem Private Limited, in tune with their respective
expansion plans for enriching the socio-economic environment in the project
impact area:
Table 10.4 Year wise Budget for CER Activities
S.No Activity Year Wise Budgets ( Rs. Lakhs)
1 2 3 4 5 Total
1 Drinking water
supply
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 15.0
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2 Health camps and
medicare support
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0
3 Sanitation
Programs-
Drainage System
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0
4 Rain water
harvesting
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0
5 Avenue Plantation 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0
Total 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 40.0
RL Fine Chem Private Limited may leverage the relative Government schemes
of assistance for vocational Skill Development, Entrepreneurship Development,
green belt development and Swachh Bharat Mission for reinforcing required
resources and effective implementation of its socio-economic/ environment
management plan.
10.11 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUDGET
The environmental budget for the various environmental management
measures proposed in the EMP is detailed in table 10.6 there are several other
environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good engineering
practices, the costs for which has been accounted for in the Engineering Costs
& presented in the table
Table 10.6
Environmental Budgets for Project
S.No Description Capital Cost in
Rs. Lakhs
Recurring Cost in Rs.
Lakhs/Annum
1 Air Pollution Control 20.0 4.0
2 Water Pollution Control 100.0 5.0
3 Solid Waste 5.0 5.0
4 Noise Pollution Control 3.0 2.0
5 Environmental Monitoring &
15.0 5.0
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Management
6 Occupational health 3.0 1.0
7 Green belt & open area development*
2.0 2.0
8 Storm Water
management 2.0 1.0
9 CSR Activities * - 4.0
10 Eco Development activities
- 1.0
Total 150.0 30.0
*Every year for next 5years period
CHAPTER-11
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
11-1 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
CHAPTER - 11
PROJECT SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
M/s RL Fine Chem Private Limited., engaged in manufacturing of Drug
Intermediates was established in the year 2002. Research and Development
forms the backbone of the organization with state of the art instrumentation
facilities.
RL Fine Chem private Limited proposed for expansion of production capacity
from the current 7.2 TPM to 48.6 TPM using existing infrastructure at Plot.
No. 165-182, APIIC, IDA Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M), Ananthapur
District in Andhrapradesh State.
Salient features of the project
Location Plot No: 165 to 182 APIIC, IDA
Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M),
Anantapur (D) Andhra Pradesh
Longitude and latitude N130 43’32.9’’ 770 30’21.3’’ E
N130 43’32.9’’ 770 30’19.2’’ E
N130 43’36.4’’ 770 30’19.0’’ E
N130 43’36.5’’ 770 30’21.6’’ E
N130 43’39.4’’ 770 30’19.0’’ E
N130 43’39.6’’ 770 30’21.6’’ E
Year of establishment 2002
Product category 5(f), Drugs & Drug Intermediates
Project category as per EIA
notification
Category A (As the interstate boundary is
within 5 Km radius)
Proposed Activity Capacity expansion from 7.2
TPM to 48.6 TPM
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11-2 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Total investment on the plant Current - Rs.2.0 Crores & Proposed –Rs.3.0
Crores, Total 5.0 Crores
Total Investment on
Environmental Infrastructure
Current- Rs. 1.0 Crores & Proposed–Rs.1.5
Crores, Total 2.5 Crores
Total area of the plant 4.32 Acres
Total area of green belt Current 1.24 Acres additional green belt
proposed 0.18 acres and total is 1.42
acres
Water requirement Total Water requirement-67.9 KLD
Fresh water requirement-39.9 KLD
Recycled water-28.0 KLD
Source of water APIIC water supply
Nearest habitation and distance
from the site
Thumukunta (V) at a distance of 0.73 Km
from the site
Nearest surface water bodies Rain fed water body at distance of 0.8 Km
form the site
Pennar river is at a distance of 2.20 Km
Nearest reserve forest There are no reserve forests in 10 Km
radius from the site
Environmentally sensitive areas
within 10 km radius
None
Any national parks, wild life
sanctuaries within 10 km radius
None
Nearest air port and distance Bangalore International Airport is 61.0 Kms
from the plant site
Nearest railway station and
distance
Devarapalli at distance of 0.7 Kms from the
site
Distance from interstate
Boundary
Karnataka state Border is at 1.2 KM from
the site
M/s. RL Fine Chem Private Limited EIA Report
11-3 Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
Overall Environmental Impacts
The proposed activity primarily creates impact on air environment due to
emissions from Process and other sources like boilers and DG Sets. The water
requirements of the project need to be met from APIIC; it can create a
depletion of water resources. Both these aspects are adequately addressed in
environmental management plan. As a part of this project green belt of 0.18
Acres is proposed in the EMP plan. Various other measures of handling of
wastes, occupational health & Safety, Fire safety measures are incorporated
in the EMP
Conclusions
Industrialization is most essential for our country and society as it creates
employment and revenue. There is gap between demand and supply of
pharmaceuticals in the country which is most essential input for infrastructure
development. Next 10 years will see rapid growth in this sector and proposed
M/S RL Fine Chem Private Limited will help to meet the demand within the
country and other countries.
Out of the total proposed investment of Rs. 3.0 crores, Rs.1.5 Crores is
proposed to implement the EMP plan which is about 30 % of overall
investment. There will be an additional direct employment for 100 people
from the proposed activities and an equal number of in direct employment
thus by helps un-employed youth to get livelihood from the project.
Apart from this an amount of Rs. 40.0 Lakhs proposed to be allotted for
corporate Environmental responsibility activities over next 5 years period in
the surrounding villages.
As adequate safeguards are proposed to tackle any adverse environmental
impacts from the project supported by budget commitments in the project,
this project is viable financially and sustainable from environment point of
view.
CHAPTER-12
Nosch Labs Private Limited EIA Report
12-1
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
CHAPTER 12
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
Name of the project : M/s RL Fine Chem Private Limited
Environmental coordinator : Mr. P. Venkata Raju
EIA Consultant
Organization
: Pridhvi Envirotech Private Limited
Contact Information : # 184/C, 4th Floor, Lawn house,
Vengalrao Nagar, Hyderabad-500038
Phone : 040-40179770, 9849023662
E-mail : [email protected]
Website : www.pridhvienviro.com
Status of Accreditation with QCI/NABET
: S.No120 List of Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations (Alphabetically) / Rev.57, 5th
September 2017, published by QCI/NABET
Laboratory Enagaged in EIA
Project
: Lawn Enviro Associates
Status of Laboratory : MoEF Accreditation S.O.1295(E),
dated 6th June 2012
Company Profile
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited was established by professionals in the field of
environment with nearly 25 years of experience with clear vision to serve
customers in the field of environment
Accredited by National Accreditation Board for Education and Training
(NABET) under Quality Council of India as consultant for preparation of
Environmental Impact Assessments for new and existing industries, Pridhvi
Envirotech (P) Limited provides the following services
• Provide complete and one stop consultancy to get Environmental
clearances from MOEF and Pollution Control Board for proposed and
changed products
• Provide complete assistance to industry by conducting legal gap analysis
and advise actions to be taken
• Conduct EIA and EMP reports
Nosch Labs Private Limited EIA Report
12-2
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
• Provide assistance to industries to prepare and get CFE/CFO from
Pollution control Board
• Periodical monitoring of effluents/emissions/Hazardous Wastes from
MOEF approved laboratory
• Provide assistance to industries to help them in case of legal hearings
and submission of technical replies in case of any legal notices
• Provide liaison services to industries with PCB on any matter
• Provide consultancy services in the area of implementation of ISO
14001 systems and OHSAS 18001
• Provide consultancy services in design and execution of effluent
treatment plants
• Provide consultancy services in hazardous waste handling and disposal
services
• Waste mapping and audits and provide solutions for waste reduction
• Provide training to personnel on environment and safety management
systems, legal requirements and other host of environmental ,
occupational Health and Safety issues
Nosch Labs Private Limited EIA Report
12-3
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
EIA Team members involved in the preparation of the EIA
Approved FAEs
S.No Name of the FAE Area of Expertise
1 P.V.Raju Environmental
coordinator/AQ/SHW
2 Dr.G.Pallavi WP
3 V.Srinivas LU
4 Dr. N.Harinath Reddy GEO/HG
5 I.Durgaprasad SE
6 M. Raju AP
7 Ch. Chiranjeevi NV
8 I.SivaramaKrishna EB
9 K.Raji Reddy RH
Declaration by the head of the Accredited Consultant Organization
I, P. Venkata Raju, hereby confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared
the EIA of “M/s RL Fine Chem Private Limited”, I also confirm that I shall be
fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.
Name : P. Venkata Raju
Designation : Managing Director
Nosch Labs Private Limited EIA Report
12-4
Pridhvi Envirotech (P) Limited
List of Annexures
S.No Description
Annexure I Copy of Current CFO
Annexure II Copy of Minutes of EAC meeting
Annexure III copy of notification of IDA Thumukunta as industrial Area dated
4.3.1995
Annexure IV Copies of existing MOU’s and in principle acceptance of wastes after
expansion
Annexure V Raw data of Ambient air quality for 12 weeks
Annexure VI The details of villages and their demographic features
Annexure VII List of flora and fauna in the study area
ANNEXURES
Single Desk Approval Ref Id : SDPCB055160224
Digitally Signed By B S S Prasad (Member
Secretary\)
Date : 02-Aug-2016 17:56:49 IST
Page 1 of 87
Minutes of the 36th Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2) Meeting held during 24-26 April 2018 at Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Jor Bagh Road, Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change, New Delhi - 3 24th April 2018 (Day 1) 36.1 Opening Remarks by the Chairman 36.2 Confirmation of minutes of the 35th meeting of the EAC (Industry-2) held on 27-28 March, 2018 at Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, New Delhi.
The EAC, having taken note that no comments were offered on the minutes of its 35th
meeting held on 27-28 March, 2018 at New Delhi, confirmed the same.
36.3. Environmental Clearance Agenda No. 36.3.1 Setting up sulphonation plant 72 TPD (18,000 TPA) of 96% Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid (LABSA) by M/s Power Soap Limited at PIPDIC Industrial Estate, Sedarapet (Pondicherry) - Environmental Clearance [IA/PY/IND2/39193/2016, J-11011/32/2016-IA II (I)] 36.3.1.1 The project proponent and accredited consultant M/s Vimta Labs Limited, made a detailed presentation on the salient features of the project and informed that: (i) The proposal is for the environmental clearance to the project ‘Proposed Sulphonation plant with a capacity of 72 TPD of LABSA at PIPDIC Industrial Estate, Sedarapet, Puducherry by M/s Power Soaps Pvt Ltd. (ii) The project proposal was considered by the Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2) in its 6th EAC Meeting held during 30th March - 2nd April, 2016 and recommended Terms of References (ToR) for the Project. The ToR has been issued by Ministry vide letter No. J-11011/32/2016-IA II (I) dated 11th May 2016. (iii) As per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September 2006, the proposed project falls under Schedule No: 5(f) Synthetic organic chemicals industry. The proposed project is located within 5 km of notified eco-sensitive areas (Oussudu Bird Sanctuary); hence it attracts general condition and falls under ‘Category A’. Therefore, it has been appraised at Central Level by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC). (iv) The total land required for the proposed project is about 0.907 ha (2.24 acres). It is proposed to develop greenbelt in an area of 33.5% ie., 0.304 ha, out of total area of the project. The estimated project cost is Rs.750 lakhs. The total capital cost earmarked for pollution control measures is Rs.47.0 lakhs and the recurring cost (operation and maintenance) will about Rs.6.0 Lakhs per annum. Total employment will be 35 persons as direct & 60 persons indirectly. It is proposed to allocate Rs.18.75 lakhs @ 2.5% towards Corporate Social Responsibility. (v) The Oussudu lake and bird sanctuary is located at a distance of 4.0 km in South direction. Lake Turuvai flowing at a distance of 2.2 km in North direction. (vi) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) was carried out at eight (8) locations during 1st April to 30th June 2016 and the baseline data indicates the ranges of concentrations as PM10 -
Page 53 of 87
36.4.2.3 The Committee, after deliberations, referred to the Ministry’s OM dated 10th December, 2014 providing exemption from public hearing to the projects/activities located within the industrial estates/parks which were notified prior to 14th September, 2006 i.e. the EIA Notification, 2006 coming into force, and recommended the above proposal accordingly. The Committee further opined that all such proposals need to be considered on similar lines without referring the matter to the EAC. Agenda No.36.4.3 Manufacture of drugs and drug intermediates by M/s RL Fine Chem Private Limited at Plot No.165 to 182 APIIC, IDA Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M), Anantapur (D) (Andhra Pradesh) - Amendment in ToR [IA/AP/IND2/71919/2017, J-11011/180/2016- I A II(I)] 36.4.3.1 The proposal is for amendment in the Terms of Reference granted by the Ministry vide letter dated 31st January, 2018 in favour of M/s RL Fine Chem private limited for the project for expansion of production capacity, located at Plot No. 165 to 182, APIIC, Thumukunta (V), Hindupur (M), Ananthapur (D), (Andhra Pradesh). 36.4.3.2 The project proponent has requested for amendment in the ToR with the details as under: S.No
Para of ToR
Details as per the ToR To be revised/ read as Justification/ reasons
1 2 In this regard, under the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended, the Standard ToR for the purpose of preparing environment impact assessment report and environment management plan for obtaining prior environment clearance is prescribed with public consultation
In this regard, under the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended, the Standard ToR for the purpose of preparing environment impact assessment report and environment management plan for obtaining prior environment clearance without public consultation
Our unit is categorized as Category A as interstate boundary is within 10 km radius. Our unit is located in APIIC, IDA thumukunta which is notified by Government of Andhra Pradesh in 1995, i.e. prior to 2006 EIA Notification. MoEF & CC issued a circular vide O.M No. J-11013/36/2014-IA-I dated 10th December 2014 exempting Industries from public consultation if the units are within the notified industrial estate which is notified prior to 14.9.2006. We are herewith submitting a copy of G.O of Government of Andhra Pradesh declaring Thumukunta as Notified Industrial area. Hence Public hearing is exempted for our unit. Also in the previous ToR granted vide J-11011/180/2016-
Page 54 of 87
IA II(I) dated 23.9.2016 Public hearing is exempted as per para7(i) III stage 3 (i)(b) of EIA Notififcation, 2006 as the site is located in Notified Industrial Area. In view of this kindly exempt the public hearing for submission of EIA.
36.4.3.3 The Committee, after deliberations, referred to the Ministry’s OM dated 10th December, 2014 providing exemption from public hearing to the projects/activities located within the industrial estates/parks which were notified prior to 14th September, 2006 i.e. the EIA Notification, 2006 coming into force, and recommended the above proposal accordingly. The Committee further opined that all such proposals need to be considered on similar lines without referring the matter to the EAC. Agenda No.36.4.4 Expansion of Manufacturing Capacity of existing products and manufacturing of new pesticides, intermediate chemicals by M/s UPL Limited Unit -1 at Ankleshwar (Gujarat) - Amendment in ToR [IA/GJ/IND2/71819/2017, IA-J-11011/582/2017-IA-II(I)] 36.4.4.1 The proposal is for amendment in the Terms of Reference/Environmental Clearance granted by the Ministry vide letter No IA-J-11011/582/2017-IA-II(I) dated 10th February 2018 for the project ‘Expansion of Manufacturing Capacity of existing products and manufacturing of new pesticides, intermediate chemicals’ proposed by M/s UPL Limited Unit # 01, located at Ankleshwar. 36.4.4.2 The project proponent has requested for amendment in the ToR with the details are as under: S. No
Para of ToR/EC
Details as per the ToR/EC
To be revised/ read as
Justification/ reasons
1 A General Description at Page No 2 of Standard ToR.
In this regard, under the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended, the Standard TOR for the purpose of preparing environment impact assessment report and environment management plan for obtaining prior environment clearance is prescribed with public consultation as follows:
In this regard, under the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended, the Standard TOR for the purpose of preparing environment impact assessment report and environment management plan for obtaining prior environment clearance is prescribed without public consultation as follows:
UPL Unit 1 is located at within notified industrial estate at GIDC Ankleshwar Plot No 117 & 118 at Gujarat. The government of Gujarat has notified industrial estate in year 1978 vide Gazette notification no GHU-78-20-GID-1977-660-CH dated 07.02.1978.
Date
PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3)
Nox
(µg/m3)
NH3
(µg/m3)
VOC
(ppm)
CO
(mg/m3)
4.10.2016 86.2 34.2 12.5 20.3 46.7 3.4 2.1
5.10.2016 88.2 28.4 14.3 22.6 55.6 2.4 1.8
11.10.2016 74.7 35.3 13.6 19.6 50.3 4.2 2.2
12.10.2016 74.2 30.5 15.3 18.5 45.3 3.2 3.2
18.10.2016 68.6 29.4 12.4 20.4 47.7 3 2.2
19.10.2016 73.4 33.4 11.7 18.2 50.8 2.5 2.9
25.10.2016 82.3 40.5 15.3 15.9 50.3 2.6 1.8
26.10.2016 82.7 39.2 14.5 20.3 53.4 3.1 2.2
2.11.2016 82.3 40.2 12.5 18.7 40.3 2.7 1.5
3.11.2016 83.2 35.2 16.3 20.3 43.6 2.2 2.4
9.11.2016 72.4 33.2 13.5 22.6 46.8 3.5 1.5
10.11.2016 82.3 30.5 12.4 20.3 50.3 2.3 1.2
16.11.2016 77.3 29.4 16.3 17.7 47.3 2.6 2.4
17.11.2016 73.2 31.4 13.4 19.2 45.6 3.2 1.8
23.11.2016 69.3 29.3 13.2 20.4 50.3 3.9 2.5
24.11.2016 70.3 28.9 14.6 18.2 46.2 3.1 1.5
2.12.2016 72.3 30.4 12.4 20.5 50.2 2.8 2.1
3.12.2016 70.3 40.4 11.9 19.7 45.2 2.6 2.3
9.12.2016 75.2 29.3 13.6 17.5 43.4 3.2 1.9
10.12.2016 82.3 32.4 15.3 18.6 43.2 4.1 1.6
16.12.2016 80.2 41.2 14.5 20.2 50.2 2.8 1.8
17.12.2016 72.3 40.2 10.5 18.5 46.3 4.3 1.7
23.12.2016 70.3 39.2 11.2 20.1 50.2 3.3 1.5
24.12.2016 72.2 34.3 13.4 17.5 48.4 2.8 1.8
Max 88.2 41.2 16.3 22.6 55.6 4.3 3.2
min 68.6 28.4 10.5 15.9 40.3 2.2 1.2
mean 76.5 34.2 13.5 19.4 47.8 3.1 2.0
0.98 87.3 40.9 16.3 22.6 54.6 4.3 3.1
RL FINE CHEM Private Limited
Ambient Air Quality data
Project Site
Date
PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3)
Nox
(µg/m3)
NH3
(µg/m3)
VOC
(ppm)
CO
(mg/m3)
4.10.2016 79.3 27.3 11.2 19.2 43.4 2.3 2.4
5.10.2016 82.1 25.3 10.6 18.4 42.3 3.1 1.2
11.10.2016 73.2 30.4 10.8 21.6 38.5 2.6 1.9
12.10.2016 76.1 29.3 11.2 20.3 41.4 2.3 1.4
18.10.2016 84.3 32.3 12.6 19.6 40.8 3.2 2.6
19.10.2016 74.5 34.2 10.3 17.3 36.3 4 1.9
25.10.2016 76.3 31.3 11.4 18.6 39.4 2.8 3.1
26.10.2016 83.2 29.4 12.4 17.6 47.3 3.6 2.8
2.11.2016 80.5 26.4 14.5 18.2 40.6 2.8 2.5
3.11.2016 73.4 27.3 13.5 19.1 42.3 3.1 2.3
9.11.2016 80.4 30.4 14.2 20.3 44.6 2.2 2.1
10.11.2016 85.3 29.3 11.5 19.5 39.6 1.9 1.9
16.11.2016 78.4 30.4 12.6 17.3 42.3 2.1 1.5
17.11.2016 77.3 31.2 12.5 20.7 38.5 2 1.7
23.11.2016 86.3 28.3 10.3 18.3 39.3 2.2 1.6
24.11.2016 84.3 27.5 11.8 17.4 42.3 2.9 2.2
2.12.2016 85.2 30.4 13.5 19.2 40.3 1.7 1.2
3.12.2016 79.3 26.3 12.3 16.4 41.3 2.1 1.4
9.12.2016 82.3 24.2 14.6 17.3 38.5 2.2 1.6
10.12.2016 85.3 22.4 12.4 16.4 40.6 3.2 1.3
16.12.2016 86.3 25.2 13.2 17.4 35.7 1.9 1.8
17.12.2016 76.3 30.4 11.5 18.5 37.4 2.2 1.6
23.12.2016 80.3 25.3 12.4 19.2 41.2 1.6 1.8
24.12.2016 75.2 26.3 11.2 18.6 37.5 2.1 2.1
Max 86.3 34.2 14.6 21.6 47.3 4.0 3.1
min 73.2 22.4 10.3 16.4 35.7 1.6 1.2
mean 80.2 28.4 12.2 18.6 40.5 2.5 1.9
0.98 86.3 33.3 14.6 21.2 46.1 3.8 3.0
RL FINE CHEM Private Limited
Ambient Air Quality data
THUMMALAKUNTA
Date
PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3)
Nox
(µg/m3)
NH3
(µg/m3)
VOC
(ppm)
CO
(mg/m3)
4.10.2016 67.3 21.3 10.4 18.6 32.3 2.1 1.6
5.10.2016 60.3 24.2 9.6 17.4 36.7 1.8 2.5
11.10.2016 58.5 19.8 10.4 20.3 34.2 2.1 2.3
12.10.2016 64.2 21.3 11.6 16.2 30.4 1.9 2.8
18.10.2016 63.4 26.3 10.3 16.1 37.3 2.2 2.3
19.10.2016 58.3 26.3 9.2 17.4 41.7 2.3 1.9
25.10.2016 63.4 21.6 8.6 16.9 40.6 2.3 1.5
26.10.2016 64.3 30.4 10.2 17.3 36.3 2.2 2
2.11.2016 64.4 23.2 9.7 15.6 43.2 1.8 1.2
3.11.2016 66.4 24.6 11.3 14.7 40.2 2.2 2.2
9.11.2016 62.3 22.4 10.3 15.2 32.3 2.1 1.7
10.11.2016 66.3 20.5 12.1 17.3 40.8 2.1 1.6
16.11.2016 54.2 19.3 11.3 15.3 41.2 2.3 1.3
17.11.2016 53.2 22.5 10.9 16.3 37.5 1.8 1.6
23.11.2016 60.4 20.6 11.3 15.3 40.2 2.4 1.8
24.11.2016 54.2 21.5 12.2 14.5 36.3 2.6 2.1
2.12.2016 60.3 25.3 10.3 17.3 40.3 2.2 1.8
3.12.2016 61.3 23.4 10.8 16.2 37.2 2.1 2.3
9.12.2016 62.3 20.4 11.2 18.3 40.2 2 1.6
10.12.2016 59.3 19.2 10.4 16.3 34.5 2.3 2.2
16.12.2016 53.2 27.3 10.2 15.6 40.2 3.1 2.2
17.12.2016 60.2 24.5 9.5 16.7 35.6 2.5 2.1
23.12.2016 58.3 22.4 10.3 18.5 30.4 2.3 1.6
24.12.2016 55.3 23.1 10.3 15.8 28.3 2.3 1.4
Max 67.3 30.4 12.2 20.3 43.2 3.1 2.8
min 53.2 19.2 8.6 14.5 28.3 1.8 1.2
mean 60.5 23.0 10.5 16.6 37.0 2.2 1.9
0.98 66.9 29.0 12.2 19.5 42.5 2.9 2.7
RL FINE CHEM Private Limited
Ambient Air Quality data
APPALAKUNTA
Date
PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3)
Nox
(µg/m3)
NH3
(µg/m3)
VOC
(ppm)
CO
(mg/m3)
4.10.2016 63.4 25.3 10.3 16.4 26.5 1.8 1.6
5.10.2016 58.5 23.4 11.3 17.2 30.4 2 1.2
11.10.2016 60.3 28.5 12.1 15.3 32.3 2.1 1.8
12.10.2016 54.2 30.4 11 17.8 31.2 1.8 1.6
18.10.2016 63.3 26.7 12.4 20.1 35.6 1.6 1.3
19.10.2016 70.3 27.4 10.3 19.5 40.2 2.2 1.4
25.10.2016 71.7 20.6 8.6 17.4 37.5 1.9 2.2
26.10.2016 68.4 22.3 8.7 17.5 40.2 1.6 1.5
2.11.2016 70.3 26.4 9.8 18.4 36.7 2 1.9
3.11.2016 73.4 30.2 10.4 17.4 34.5 2.1 1.6
9.11.2016 77.4 24.2 11.2 18.5 38.5 1.6 2.1
10.11.2016 75.2 25.7 8.6 20.1 40.3 1.2 1.8
16.11.2016 73.4 30.4 9.8 19.5 38.4 2.1 1.4
17.11.2016 71.3 26.3 9.3 17.6 35.7 2.2 1.7
23.11.2016 68.3 25.6 10.2 18.2 40.5 2.8 1.8
24.11.2016 70.4 24.3 9.3 16.4 35.2 2.2 2.1
2.12.2016 67.3 23.7 9.7 17.6 33.4 2.4 2.2
3.12.2016 66.3 24.5 8.9 15.9 29.3 2.6 1.3
9.12.2016 72.3 30.4 9.6 16.7 28.4 2.3 1.6
10.12.2016 71.2 26.7 10.2 18.4 30.5 2.3 1.8
16.12.2016 67.3 23.8 10.1 16.8 27.3 2.1 2.1
17.12.2016 65.3 25.7 10.6 17.2 25.7 2.6 1.4
23.12.2016 63.2 27.4 11.1 17.6 31.4 1.8 1.3
24.12.2016 68.3 28.3 10.3 16.2 36.7 1.9 1.2
Max 77.4 30.4 12.4 20.1 40.5 2.8 2.2
min 54.2 20.6 8.6 15.3 25.7 1.2 1.2
mean 68.0 26.2 10.2 17.7 34.0 2.1 1.7
0.98 76.4 30.4 12.3 20.1 40.4 2.7 2.2
RL FINE CHEM Private Limited
Ambient Air Quality data
GOLLAPURAM
Date
PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3)
Nox
(µg/m3)
NH3
(µg/m3)
VOC
(ppm)
CO
(mg/m3)
6.10.2016 64.3 25.6 9.8 16.4 25.6 1.8 2.2
7.10.2016 62.3 27.4 9.1 15.8 28.6 2 1.8
13.10.2016 68.4 20.4 10.3 18.5 25.9 2.1 1.5
14.10.2016 58.4 21.4 11.3 19.4 30.4 1.5 1.9
21.10.2016 62.3 25.6 10.5 21.7 27.4 2.2 1.4
22.10.2016 62.3 25.3 10.8 17.4 30.4 1.4 1.6
28.10.2016 59.7 26.7 11.2 18.3 32.3 1.2 2.5
29.10.2016 62.3 24.5 10.9 20.3 28.5 1.6 2.5
4.11.2016 64.5 22.3 12.4 15.7 31.5 1.4 2.1
5.11.2016 66.3 19.4 13.5 17.5 30.6 1.5 2
11.11.2016 59.3 18.6 11.3 18.3 32.5 2.1 1.8
12.11.2016 57.3 20.4 12.4 16.4 30.2 1.4 1.5
18.11.2016 54.1 21.5 10.9 16.5 30.6 1.2 1.5
19.11.2016 60.2 24.6 13.2 17.5 27.8 1.5 1.4
25.11.2016 62.3 27.4 10.2 16.5 27.4 1.2 1.6
26.11.2016 65.2 28.5 10.2 17.3 28.4 1.7 2.1
6.12.2016 60.3 30.1 9.8 19.5 30.5 1.2 2.5
7.12.2016 63.4 25.2 12.1 16.8 30.4 1.2 1.5
13.12.2016 64.5 23.4 13.2 17.4 30.2 1.4 1.9
14.12.2016 60.6 25.2 11.2 16.3 33.5 1.8 2.1
20.12.2016 63.5 20.5 10.5 18.2 29.8 1.3 1.8
21.12.2016 59.4 26.4 9.7 15.8 26.3 1.4 2.2
26.12.2016 62.3 24.6 10.1 16.3 28.7 1.6 1.5
27.12.2016 60.4 25.8 9.8 15.9 30.4 1.4 1.4
Max 68.4 30.1 13.5 21.7 33.5 2.2 2.5
min 54.1 18.6 9.1 15.7 25.6 1.2 1.4
mean 61.8 24.2 11.0 17.5 29.5 1.5 1.8
0.98 67.4 29.4 13.4 21.1 33.0 2.2 2.5
RL FINE CHEM Private Limited
Ambient Air Quality data
Hunasena halli
Date
PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3)
Nox
(µg/m3)
NH3
(µg/m3)
VOC
(ppm)
CO
(mg/m3)
6.10.2016 57.3 23.5 9.3 15.8 22.5 1.2 1.6
7.10.2016 60.2 20.4 8.6 14.9 20.4 1.3 1.4
13.10.2016 56.7 26.4 9.3 16.5 26.3 1.6 1.3
14.10.2016 60.9 27.3 8.3 15.8 28.9 1.2 1.9
21.10.2016 60.2 20.4 9.4 17.9 26.4 1.1 2
22.10.2016 61.3 18.5 10.1 18.4 30.2 1.8 1.5
28.10.2016 58.2 20.3 10.6 17.8 25.3 1.6 1.2
29.10.2016 59.7 21.4 9.8 16.3 22.3 2.1 1.5
4.11.2016 59.2 22.4 9.7 15.3 27.4 1.3 1.3
5.11.2016 58.6 24.5 10.5 19.2 24.7 2 1.7
11.11.2016 60.8 19.7 10.4 20.4 27.4 1.4 1.3
12.11.2016 58.5 20.4 11.2 18.7 26.3 1.3 1.3
18.11.2016 59.7 21.5 10.3 17.4 30.4 1.6 1.3
19.11.2016 56.2 20.8 11.3 15.3 24.6 1.2 1.8
25.11.2016 60.2 19.5 10.3 17.3 30.4 1.1 1.3
26.11.2016 55.3 26.3 9.7 16.7 26.4 2.2 1.5
6.12.2016 56.8 23.6 10.3 16.3 30.7 1.4 1.5
7.12.2016 60.1 23.6 9.4 16.3 25.7 1.2 1.8
13.12.2016 55.7 19.6 8.8 15.3 28.4 1.4 1.3
14.12.2016 60.9 23.5 9.3 14.8 30.1 1.2 1.6
20.12.2016 58.2 28.4 8.5 15.2 27.4 1.3 1.2
21.12.2016 56.8 23.7 10.1 15.3 26.4 1.6 1.5
26.12.2016 56.3 25.3 9.8 14.9 25.7 1.1 1.1
27.12.2016 59.2 26.7 9.8 15.3 23.5 1.2 1.6
Max 61.3 28.4 11.3 20.4 30.7 2.2 2.0
min 55.3 18.5 8.3 14.8 20.4 1.1 1.1
mean 58.6 22.8 9.8 16.5 26.6 1.4 1.5
0.98 61.1 27.9 11.3 19.8 30.6 2.2 2.0
RL FINE CHEM Private Limited
Ambient Air Quality data
Hunasena halli
Date
PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3)
Nox
(µg/m3)
NH3
(µg/m3)
VOC
(ppm)
CO
(mg/m3)
6.10.2016 64.5 24.5 9.1 16.9 21.4 1.6 1.7
7.10.2016 60.4 22.4 9.6 17.2 24.7 1.7 1.6
13.10.2016 56.3 26.4 10.5 16.5 20.4 2.1 1.1
14.10.2016 57.3 28.4 7.8 15.6 27.4 1.6 1.5
21.10.2016 60.3 20.4 10.3 19.3 29.1 2 1.2
22.10.2016 59.3 22.5 12.1 16.3 24.6 1.7 1.5
28.10.2016 64.5 23.6 10.3 15.3 26.3 1.8 1.1
29.10.2016 60.3 19.7 11.4 17.3 25.6 1.4 1.5
4.11.2016 64.2 25.3 7.3 17.8 26.7 1.2 1.2
5.11.2016 67.3 23.5 8.8 16.3 28.4 1.8 1.8
11.11.2016 60.3 26.3 7.6 16.3 25.3 1.5 1.4
12.11.2016 58.4 23.2 8.4 14.9 29.6 1.7 1.2
18.11.2016 62.5 20.5 10.3 15.6 30.3 1.8 1.6
19.11.2016 54.5 18.8 9.8 17.9 32.6 2 1.7
25.11.2016 58.4 20.3 10.1 16.4 24.7 1.4 1.3
26.11.2016 60.4 21.4 9.2 15.8 30.4 1.8 1.9
6.12.2016 62.3 24.7 10.2 15.3 28.5 1.5 2.1
7.12.2016 64.5 22.4 11.1 16.3 30.2 1.6 1.8
13.12.2016 66.3 20.4 10.3 15.6 28.5 1.4 1.5
14.12.2016 68.4 21.4 9.5 17.4 26.8 1.4 1.8
20.12.2016 63.4 22.4 10.2 17.3 26.7 1.4 2.1
21.12.2016 65.3 24.5 11.1 17.1 25.7 1.5 1.8
26.12.2016 62.8 26.7 10.5 16.5 30.2 1.7 1.7
27.12.2016 58.4 26.3 9.4 16.8 26.2 1.9 1.6
Max 68.4 28.4 12.1 19.3 32.6 2.1 2.1
min 54.5 18.8 7.3 14.9 20.4 1.2 1.1
mean 61.7 23.2 9.8 16.6 27.1 1.6 1.6
0.98 67.9 27.6 11.8 18.7 31.6 2.1 2.1
RL FINE CHEM Private Limited
Ambient Air Quality data
UCHODANA HALLI
Date
PM10
(µg/m3)
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3)
Nox
(µg/m3)
NH3
(µg/m3)
VOC
(ppm)
CO
(mg/m3)
6.10.2016 60.3 28.5 9.5 15.4 28.1 1.6 1.9
7.10.2016 63.4 32.6 10.2 16.5 30.2 1.4 1.7
13.10.2016 61.3 30.5 8 17.3 27.3 1.8 2.3
14.10.2016 58.3 27.4 9.5 18.3 25.6 1.5 2
21.10.2016 51.4 26.7 9.3 16.3 30.3 1.8 2.1
22.10.2016 60.5 32.2 9.7 15.3 30.4 1.1 1
28.10.2016 61.6 27.5 8.3 17.3 25.3 1.5 1.5
29.10.2016 66.4 26.3 8.8 17.8 26.6 1.4 1.2
4.11.2016 58.9 27.4 9.3 16.1 32.6 1.9 1.5
5.11.2016 65.3 30.5 7.5 18.4 30.4 2 1.3
11.11.2016 66.3 23.4 10.2 15.8 27.5 1.3 1.3
12.11.2016 62.3 20.5 9.6 17.4 27.4 1.1 1.7
18.11.2016 64.5 21.6 9.3 20.3 24.8 1.5 1.9
19.11.2016 68.3 26.4 9.4 16.3 30.2 1.8 1.4
25.11.2016 64.3 30.4 10.2 16.3 25.6 1.4 1.2
26.11.2016 63.5 31.4 9.7 14.7 28.5 1.5 1.6
6.12.2016 66.2 27.4 9.2 17.3 30.2 1.8 1.2
7.12.2016 69.2 24.5 9.5 19.2 26.6 1.4 1.5
13.12.2016 59.3 20.5 9.8 18.4 25.2 1.6 1.3
14.12.2016 56.2 22.4 8.9 17.6 24.2 1.9 1.3
20.12.2016 57.2 23.1 9.4 15.5 25.7 1.3 1.7
21.12.2016 50.6 27.4 10.2 15.2 24.6 1.2 1.3
26.12.2016 59.3 23.4 9.3 16.7 27.4 1.3 1.4
27.12.2016 60.3 25.1 9.6 14.8 25.8 1.2 1.3
Max 69.2 32.6 10.2 20.3 32.6 2.0 2.3
min 50.6 20.5 7.5 14.7 24.2 1.1 1.0
mean 61.5 26.5 9.4 16.8 27.5 1.5 1.5
0.98 68.8 32.4 10.2 19.8 31.6 2.0 2.2
RL FINE CHEM Private Limited
Ambient Air Quality data
GOWDASANDRA
Annexure VI
The geographical coverage for SEIA of the project extends over 10 km radius from the project site
PROPOSED EXPANSON OF M/S. RL FINE CHEM PVT LTD, Plot No.165 to 182 A.P.I.I.C Industrial Estate Thumkunta (VI), Hindupur(M.D), Ananthapur(D), A.P.
VITAL STATISTICS OF SURVEY VILLAGESAS PER CENSUS – 2011
Sl. No.
Category/ Area Name
Area Code
Mandal District Directions Total House Holdes
Total Population
Males Females SC ST Distance Average Literacy
(%)
Villages within 0-2 Km Distance from the Site
1 Thumukunta 595566 Hindupur Anantapur SW 549 2417 1184 1233 392 53 0.75 Km 65.4
2 Devarapalle 595562 Hindupur Anantapur NW 141 552 263 289 0 4 1.80 Km 58.9
3 Gollapuram 595567 Hindupur Anantapur E 621 2625 1355 1270 657 102 1.90 Km 58.9
Sub Total -I 1311 5594 2802 2792 1049 159 61.7
Villages in 2-5 Km Distance from the Site
5 Appala kunta 595560 Hindupur Anantapur NW Under Kirikera Revenue Population Data is Same 2.70 Km
6 Santhebidanur 595563 Hindupur Anantapur W 839 3588 1796 1792 237 2 2.80 Km 58.8
7 Thungepalle 595564 Hindupur Anantapur SW 104 468 223 245 221 0 3.0 Km 53.0
8 Yapamanu Gate 595560 Hindupur Anantapur NW Under Kirikera Revenue Population Data is Same 3.30 Km
10 Guddam Palle 595567 Hindupur Anantapur SE Under Gollapuram Revenue Population Data is Same 3.50 Km
11 Kanchana Palli 595561 Hindupur Anantapur NE Under Kotipi Revenue Population Data is Same 3.90 Km
12 Ramachandrapuram 595565 Hindupur Anantapur SW Under Chowlur Revenue Population Data is Same 3.90 Km
14 Chowlur 595565 Hindupur Anantapur SW 1429 6038 3023 3015 922 0 4.0 Km 58.4
16 Kotipi 595561 Hindupur Anantapur NE 971 4157 2047 2110 559 0 4.20 Km 52.9
17 Kirikera 595560 Hindupur Anantapur NW 2695 11184 5571 5613 1350 41 4.40 Km 67.4
Andhrapradesh State Villages Total 6038 25435 12660 12775 3289 43 0 61.4
4 Kudumalakunta 623234 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SW 489 1999 1021 978 536 219 2.50 Km 53.0
9 Hunasenahalli 623271 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura NE 327 1266 660 606 167 118 3.40 Km 58.3
13 Myalya 623272 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 671 2810 1385 1425 581 453 4.0 Km 58.0
15 Huchodanahalli 623239 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 185 877 461 416 179 487 4.10 Km 62.7
18 Babenahalli 623233 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SW 7 27 14 13 0 0 4.50 Km 85.2
19 Konapura 623240 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 142 558 299 259 64 0 5.0 Km 75.8
Karnataka State Villages Total 1821 7537 3840 3697 1527 1277 0 58.7
Sub Total-II 7859 32972 16500 16472 4816 1320 0 60.8
Villages in 5-10 Km Distance from the site
20 Venkatapuram 595565 Hindupur Anantapur SW Under Chowlur Revenue Population Data is Same 5.10 Km
21 Nakkalapalle 595559 Hindupur Anantapur NW 172 706 358 348 202 0 5.20 Km 61.8
22 Jamakulapalli 595561 Hindupur Anantapur NE Under Kotipi Revenue Population Data is Same 5.20 Km
28 Karadipalle 595565 Hindupur Anantapur SW Under Chowlur Revenue Population Data is Same 6.10 Km
32 Basavanpalli 595560 Hindupur Anantapur NE UnderKirikera Revenue Population Data is Same 6.30 Km
34 Mittamedha palli 595560 Hindupur Anantapur NW Under Kirikera Revenue Population Data is Same 6.40 Km
36 Gnuriganipalli 595574 Lepakshi Anantapur NE Under Manepalle Revenue Population Data is Same 6.60 Km
39 Bevina Halli 595558 Hindupur Anantapur NW 537 2188 1099 1089 831 7 6.80 Km 55.8
40 Basavanpalli 595573 Lepakshi Anantapur NW Under Pulamathi Revenue Population Data is Same 6.80 Km
41 Manepalle 595574 Lepakshi Anantapur NE 783 3223 1617 1606 543 354 6.80 Km 50.9
45 Pulamathi 595573 Lepakshi Anantapur NE 1003 4317 2222 2095 744 14 7.20 Km 53.5
47 Venkatapuram 595574 Lepakshi Anantapur NE Under Manepalle Revenue Population Data is Same 7.30 Km
50 Sadal palli 803012 Hindupur Anantapur NW
Under Hindupur Revenue Population Data is Same
7.60 Km
53 Peddasadlapalli 803012 Hindupur Anantapur NE 7.80 Km
54 Weavers Colony 595560 Hindupur Anantapur NW Under Kirikera Revenue Population Data is Same 7.80 Km
60 Nariganuhalli 595558 Hindupur Anantapur NW Under Bevina Halli Revenue Population Data is Same 8.10 Km
63 Sirivaram 595575 Lepakshi Anantapur NE 905 3921 1937 1984 602 0 8.30 Km 52.3
67 Gopindevarapalli 595575 Lepakshi Anantapur NE
Under Sirivaram Revenue Population Data is Same
8.40 Km
69 Kotta Palli 595575 Lepakshi Anantapur NE 8.70 Km
71 Tirurardunrapalli 595575 Lepakshi Anantapur NE 8.70 Km
73 Padichinapalli 595558 Hindupur Anantapur NW
Under Bevina Halli Revenue Population Data is Same
8.80 Km
77 Uddgalapalli 595558 Hindupur Anantapur NW 9.10 Km
78 Sativarayapalli 595558 Hindupur Anantapur NW 9.20 Km
82 Kodihalli 595572 Lepakshi Anantapur NE 1017 4161 2109 2052 519 7 9.40 Km 59.7
70 Naganapalli 595575 Lepakshi Anantapur NE Under Sirivaram Revenue Population Data is Same 9.50 Km
87 Hindupur 803012 Hindupur Anantapur N 34507 151677 76370 75307 14202 2018 10.0 Km 66.7
Andhrapradesh State Villages Total 38924 170193 85712 84481 17643 2400 0 65.4
23 Doddakurugodu 623235 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SW 596 2625 1298 1327 521 682 5.30 Km 58.7
24 Jagireddihalli 623272 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE Under Myalya Revenue Population Data is Same 5.60 Km
25 Gowdasandra 623237 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 154 647 324 323 151 87 5.60 Km 48.5
26 Kadagathur 610926 Madhugiri Tumkur NW 769 3066 1542 1524 759 579 5.70 Km 52.6
27 Yerrahalli 623236 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 82 309 161 148 181 38 5.70 Km 51.1
29 Chitti Halli 623272 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE
Under Myalya Revenue Population Data is Same
6.10 Km
30 Vantmani halli 623272 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 6.10 Km
31 Halaganahalli 623232 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SW 535 2241 1110 1131 696 279 6.20 Km 63.7
33 Vidurashwatha 623234 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SW Under Kudumalakunta Revenue Population Data is Same 6.40 Km
35 Velapi 623273 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 235 1044 525 519 239 302 6.50 Km 55.5
37 Nasakuntahalli 623241 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 10 34 14 20 0 0 6.70 Km 67.6
38 Yakaralahalli 610927 Madhugiri Tumkur SW 294 1200 583 617 17 327 6.70 Km 54.5
42 Kadaranahalli 623248 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura S 227 883 445 438 99 212 6.80 Km 75.9
43 Malenahalli 623249 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SW 7 32 17 15 0 0 7.10 Km 68.8
44 Bychapura 623242 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 255 1075 540 535 388 278 7.10 Km 56.1
46 Nagenahalli 610908 Madhugiri Tumkur NW 68 253 124 129 2 12 7.20 Km 51.4
48 Thingalur 610942 Madhugiri Tumkur SW 349 1363 661 702 492 138 7.50 Km 56.2
49 Bachenahalli 610928 Madhugiri Tumkur SW 79 334 169 165 18 11 7.60 Km 57.5
51 Devaganahalli 623243 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 213 965 491 474 319 22 7.60 Km 53.8
52 Ramachandrapura 623245 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 248 1109 555 554 391 162 7.70 Km 66.3
55 Maripadagu 623274 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 232 940 481 459 199 75 8.0 Km 60.1
56 Upparahalli 610929 Madhugiri Tumkur SW Under Kalidevarapura Revenue Population Data is Same 8.0 Km
57 Gollahalli 623200 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 5 21 10 11 0 6 8.0 Km 47.6
58 Chikkakurugodu 623246 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 666 2615 1321 1294 767 891 8.0 Km 58.2
59 H.Nagasandra 623247 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SW 720 3189 1624 1565 980 319 8.10 Km 60.2
61 Parthihalli 610909 Madhugiri Tumkur NW 198 862 413 449 267 113 8.10 Km 60.0
62 Osahalli (yaragante) 610918 Madhugiri Tumkur NW 149 569 301 268 93 143 8.20 Km 53.2
64 Kalirdevarapura 610929 Madhugiri Tumkur SW 380 1523 790 733 465 452 8.30 Km 60.4
68 Yaragunte 610925 Madhugiri Tumkur W 11 37 17 20 0 0 8.40 Km 67.6
65 Gundagal 610924 Madhugiri Tumkur NW 681 2547 1242 1305 625 819 8.40 Km 58.5
66 Chandanadur 623231 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SW 403 1711 833 878 423 361 8.40 Km 57.5
72 Bommanahalli Madhugiri Tumkur SW Population data is not Available 8.80 Km
74 Katanakallu 623293 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 284 1296 671 625 322 341 8.90 Km 61.5
75 Badimaralur 623244 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 269 1255 608 647 225 316 9.0 Km 49.2
76 Mudalodu 623275 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 394 1762 891 871 539 499 9.10 Km 55.4
79 Jeelakunte 623276 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura NE 279 1095 532 563 291 80 9.30 Km 62.8
80 Thirumaladevarahalli 610907 Madhugiri Tumkur NW 138 604 283 321 172 19 9.30 Km 71.0
81 Huduti 623234 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE Under Kudumulakunta Revenue Population Data is Same 9.30 Km
83 Hanumenahalli 623291 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 84 350 173 177 27 2 9.40 Km 62.0
84 Hampasandra 623193 Gauribidanur Chikkaballapura SE 735 3005 1553 1452 684 845 9.50 Km 58.9
85 Sravandanahalli 610941 Madhugiri Tumkur SW 480 1923 956 967 833 145 9.70 Km 61.6
86 Theriyur 610911 Madhugiri Tumkur NW 559 2228 1115 1113 1041 411 9.90 Km 57.2
Karnataka State Villages Total 10788 44712 22373 22339 12226 8966 0 58.5
Sub Total-III 49712 214905 108085 106820 29869 11366 0 64.0
Andhrapradesh State in 10 Km Villages Total 46273 201222 101174 100048 21981 2602 0 64.8
Karnataka State in 10 Km Villages Total 12609 52249 26213 26036 13753 10243 0 58.5
Grand Total 58882 253471 127387 126084 35734 12845 0 63.5
1
ANNEXURE VII
List of Floral Species: (As per primary survey)
S.No. Botanical Name Common name Family Habit Status Core Buffer
1 Acacia auriculiformis Australia thumma Mimosaceae Tree Dominant P P
2 Acacia chundra Mimosaceae Tree Sparse P P
3 Acacia leucophloea Thella thumma Mimosaceae Tree Sparse P P
4 Acacia nilotica Nalla tumma Mimosaceae Tree Common P P
5 Aegle marmelos Maredu Rutaceae Tree Sparse A P
6 Ailanthus excelsa Peddamanu Simaroubaceae Tree Sparse A P
7 Albizia amara Konda sigara Leguminosae Tree Common P P
8 Albizia lebbek Dirisanam Mimosaceae Tree Sparse P P
9 Alstonia scholaris Edakulapala Apocynaceae Tree Dominant P P
10 Anacardium occidentale Jeedi mamidi Anacardiaceae Tree Common P P
11 Annona squamosa Sithaphalam Annonaceae Tree Common P P
12 Azadirachta indica Vepa Meliaceae Tree Dominant P P
13 Balanites aegyptiaca Adavi velaga Zygophyllaceae Tree Dominant P P
14 Bauhinia purpurea Kanchana u Leguminosaae Tree Dominant P P
15 Bauhinia variagata Mandari Caesalpiniaceae Tree Sparse A P
16 Borassus flabellifer Taati / Taadi Palmae Tree Common P P
17 Butea frondosa Moduga Leguminosae Tree common A P
18 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Rathna gandhi Fabaceae Tree Common P P
19 Cassia fistula Rela Leguminosae Tree Sparse A P
20 Cassia siamea Seema tangedu Leguminosae Tree Common A P
21 Casuarina equisetifolia Sarugudu Casuarinaceae Tree Sparse A P
22 Ceiba pentandra Malvaceae Tree Sparse P P
23 Chukrasia tabularis Konda vepa Meliaceae Tree Rare A P
24 Cleistanthus collinus Kodisa Euphorbiaceae Tree Rare P P
25 Cocos nucifera Coconut Araceae Tree Dominant P P
26 Dalbergia lanceolaria Nagalla pachari Leguminosae Tree Rare A P
27 Dalbergia sissoo Sisso or seesum Caesalpiniaceae Tree Dominant P P
28 Decalepis hahiltonii Maredu kommulu Periplocaceae Tree Rare A P
29 Delonix regia Chittikesaram Leguminosae Tree Common A P
30 Dendrocalamus strictus Sanna vedru Graminae Tree Sparse P P
31 Eucalyptus globulus Neelagiri Myrtaceae Tree Common P P
32 Ficus benghalensis Marri Moraceae Tree Dominant P P
33 Ficus hispida Bommedu Moraceae Tree Common P P
34 Ficus microcape Moraceae Tree Dominant P P
35 Ficus racemosa Medi Moraceae Tree Dominant P P
36 Ficus religiosa Raavi Moraceae Tree Dominant P P
37 Lannea coromandelica Gumpena Anacardiaceae Tree Sparse A P
38 Leucaena leucocephala Subabul Mimosaceae Tree Dominant P P
39 Limonia acidissima Velaga Rutaceae Tree Rare A P
40 Mangifera indica Mamidi Anacardiaceae Tree Common P P
41 Morinda tinctoria Thogaru Rubiaceae Tree Common P P
42 Nerium odoratum Ganneru Apocynaceae Tree Dominant P P
43 Pandanus tectorius Mogali Pandanaceae Tree Sparse P P
44 Peltophorum pterocarpum Kondachinta Leguminosae Tree Dominant P P
45 Phoenix sylvestris Eetha Araceae Tree Dominant P P
46 Phyllanthus emblica Usiri Euphorbiaceae Tree Common P P
47 Pithecellobium dulce Seema chinta Mimosaceae Tree Dominant P P
2
48 Plumeria alba Tella devaganneru Apocynaceae Tree Sparse A P
49 Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka Annonaceae Tree Dominant P P
50 Pongamia pinnata Ganuga Fabaceae Tree Dominant A P
51 Prosopis juliflora English tumma Mimosaceae Tree Common P P
52 Randia uliginosa Nalla manga Rubiaceae Tree Sparse A P
53 Samanea saman Nidrabhangi Mimosaceae Tree Sparse P P
54 Sapindus emarginatus Konkudu Sapindaceae Tree Rare A P
55 Spondias mangifera Adavi-mamidi Anacardiaceae Tree Rare P P
56 Syzygium cumini Neradu Myrtaceae Tree Sparse A P
57 Tamarindus indica Chinta Leguminosae Tree Common P P
58 Tecoma stans Patcha turai Bignoniaceae Tree Dominant P P
59 Tectona grandis Teak Verbenaceae Tree Dominant P P
60 Terminelia catappa Karaka Combretaceae Tree Sparse P P
61 Thespecia populnea Ganga Raavi Malvaceae Tree Dominant P P
62 Thevetia neriifolia Pacha ganneru Apocynaceae Tree Rare P P
63 Trema orientalis Boggu chettu Ulmaceae Tree Rare A P
64 Vitex negundo Vaavili Verbenaceae Tree Sparse P P
65 Wrightia tinctoria Akupala, Tellapala Apocynaceae Tree Sparse A P
66 Ziziphus jujube Regu Rhamnaceae Tree Sparse A P
67 Ziziphus mauritiana Regu Rhamnaceae Tree Common P P
68 Agave americana Gitta nara Asparagaceae Shrub Rare A P
69 Aloe vera Kithanara Tiliaceae Shrub Sparse A P
70 Calotropis gigantea Tella Jilledu Asclepiadaceae Shrub Dominant P P
71 Carissa carandas Apocynaceae Shrub Sparse P P
72 Cassia auriculata Leguminosae Shrub Dominant P P
73 Dodonaea viscosa Bandedu Sapindaceae Shrub Common P P
74 Erythroxylon monogynum Dedaraaku Erythroxylaceae Shrub Common P P
75 Euphorbia cactus Jemudu Euphorbiaceae Shrub Common A P
76 Grewia obtusa Jaana Tiliaceae Shrub Sparse A P
77 Grewia tilliaefolia Pedda Jaana Thada Tiliaceae Shrub Rare P P
78 Grewia hirsuta Jana Tiliaceae Shrub Common A P
79 Ipomoea carnea Rubber mokka Convolvulaceae Shrub Common P P
80 Ixora coccinea Ramabanam Rubiaceae Shrub Common A P
81 Jatropha glandulifera Yerranepalamu Euphorbiaceae Shrub Common A P
82 Lantana camara Lantana Verbenaceae Shrub Common P P
83 Opuntia elatior Nagamullu Cactaceae Shrub Common P P
84 Parkinsonia aculeata Simathumma Leguminosae Shrub Sparse A P
85 Pavetta indica Papidi Rubiaceae Shrub Common P P
86 Phoenix acaulis Chitteetha Palmae Shrub Sparse A P
87 Plumbago zeylanica Chitramulam Plumbaginaceae Shrub Common A P
88 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae Shrub Common A P
89 Xanthium strumarium Marula-Mathangi Asteraceae Shrub Sparse A P
90 Abutilon indicum Thuthuru Benda Malvaceae Herb Dominant P P
91 Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae Herb Common P P
92 Achyranthes aspera Uttareni Amaranthaceae Herb Dominant P P
93 Aerva lanata Konda Pindi Amaranthaceae Herb Common P P
94 Ageratum conyzoides Vasavi Asteraceae Herb Common A P
95 Alternanthera sessilis Ponaganti kura Amaranthaceae Herb Dominant P P
96 Amaranthus spinosus Mulla thotakoora Amaranthaceae Herb Common A P
97 Amaranthus viridis Chilakathotakoora Amaranthaceae Herb Sparse P P
98 Andrographis echioides Chalavala puri kada Acanthaceae Herb Common P P
99 Argemone mexicana Bhrama dandi Papaveraceae Herb Common P P
3
100 Asparagus racemosus Pilliteegalu Asperagaceae Herb Sparse A P
101 Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae Herb Sparse A P
102 Blumea mollis Kukkapogaku Asteraceae Herb Sparse A P
103 Boerhavia diffusa Atukamaamidi Nyctaginaceae Herb Common P P
104 Boerhavia erecta Nyctaginaceae Herb Common A P
105 Cassia occidentalis Adavi Chennangi Leguminosae Herb Dominant P P
106 Cassia tora Tagarisa Caesalpiniaceae Herb Dominant P P
107 Catharanthus roseus Billaganneru Apocynaceae Herb Common P P
108 Cleome gynandra African cabbage Cleomaceae Herb Sparse P A
109 Cleome viscosa Yerri Vaminta Cleomaceae Herb Sparse P P
110 Colocasia esculenta Atuka tiga Araceae Herb Sparse A P
111 Cressa cretica Convolvulaceae Herb Common P P
112 Crotalaria retusa Leguminosae Herb Sparse A P
113 Crotan bonplantianum Bhu thulasi Euphorbiacea Herb Common P P
114 Cynodon dactylon Garika Poaceae Herb Sparse P P
115 Cyperus castaneus Poaceae Herb Common P P
116 Datura stramonium Tella Ummetta Solanaceae Herb Common A P
117 Dioscorea oppositifolia Adda dumpa Dioscoreaceae Herb Sparse A P
118 Eclipta alba Gunta galijru Asteraceae Herb Common P P
119 Euphorbia antiquorum Bontha Jemudu Euphorbiaceae Herb Common A P
120 Euphorbia hirta Nanubalu Euphorbiaceae Herb Common A P
121 Euphorbia tirucalli Tirucalli Euphorbiaceae Herb Common A P
122 Hyptis suaveolens Maha beera Lamiaceae Herb Common P P
123 Leucas aspera Tummi Lamiaceae Herb Common P P
124 Leucas cephalotes Thummi Lamiaceae Herb Common A P
125 Mimosa pudica Atthi pathi Leguminosae Herb Dominant P P
126 Mollugo nudicaulis Peddaparapatakamu Molluginaceae Herb Common P A
127 Ocimum sanctum Tulasi Lamiaceae Herb Common P P
128 Oldenlandia umbellata Chiru veru Rubiaceae Herb Common A P
129 Oxalis corniculata Indian Sorrel Oxalidaceae Herb Common P P
130 Parthenium hysterophorus Congress Grass Asteraceae Herb Dominant P P
131 Pavonia zeylanica Karubenda Malvaceae Herb Common P P
132 Phyllanthus amanus Nela Usiri Euphorbiaceae Herb Common P P
133 Phyllanthus reticulatus Pulasari / Puliseru Euphorbiaceae Herb Common P P
134 Physalis minima Budda bhushada Solanaceae Herb Rare A P
135 Portulaca quadrifida Goddu pavali Portulacaceae Herb Rare A P
136 Ruellia tuberosa
chetapatakaayala
mokka Acanthaceae Herb Common P P
137 Sesamum alatum Rekka nuvvulu Pedaliaceae Herb Common A P
138 Sesuvium maritimum Aizoaceae Herb Common P P
139 Sida acuta Bala Malvaceae Herb Sparse P P
140 Sida cordata Bala Malvaceae Herb Common P P
141 Solanum surattense Nela Vakudu Solanaceae Herb Common A P
142 Solanum trilobatum Vuchinta Solanaceae Herb Common P P
143 Solanum xanthocarpum Vakabu Solanaceae Herb Common P P
144 Sphaeranthus indicus Bodasaramu Asteraceae Herb Common A P
145 Tephrosia purpurea Vempala Leguminosae Herb Dominant P P
146 Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Herb Dominant P P
147 Triumfetta rhomboidea Marla Benda Taccaceae Herb Common A P
148 Typha angustata Jammu Typhaceae Herb Common A P
149 Urena lobata Pedda benda Malvaceae Herb Common A P
150 Vanda tessellata Kodikalla chettu Orchidaceae Herb Sparse P P
151 Vernonia cinerea Sahadevi Asteraceae Herb Common P P
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152 Waltheria indica Nalla Benda Sterculiaceae Herb Common P P
153 Ziziphus nummularia Nela regu Rhamnaceae Herb Dominant A P
154 Brachiaria eruciformis Poaceae Grass Sparse P P
155 Chloris barbata Poaceae Grass Common P P
156 Cymbopogon citratus Poaceae Grass Rare P P
157 Cyperus flavidus Cyperaceae Grass Common P P
158 Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae Grass Common P P
159 Saccharum spontaneum Kaki Cheraku Poaceae Grass Sparse A P
160 Spinifex littoreus Poaceae Grass Common P P
161 Abrus precatorius Guriginja Leguminosae Climber Common P P
162 Acacia caesia Kirintha Mimosaceae Climber Common A P
163 Cardiospermum halicacabum Sapindaceae Climber Rare P P
164 Cissus quadrangularis Nalleru Vitaceae Climber Sparse A P
165 Clitoria ternatea Sanku-Pushpamu Leguminosae Climber Sparse P P
166 Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceae Climber Common P P
167 Daemia extensa Asclepidaceae Climber Sparse P P
168 Desmodium triflorum Munta Mandu Leguminosae Climber Common A P
169 Dioscorea hispida Dioscoreaceae Climber Rare A P
170 Dioscorea pentaphylla Adavi gunusuthega Dioscoreaceae Climber Common A P
171 Evolvulous alsinoides Vishnukrantha Convolvulaceae Climber Common A P
172 Hemidesmus indicus Sugandhipala Asclepiadaceae Climber Common P P
173 Ipomoea macrantha Convolvulaceae Climber Common P P
174 Ipomoea nil Convolvulaceae Climber Common A P
175 Ipomoea obscura Macha aku Convolvulaceae Climber Rare A P
176 Jasminum arborescens Adavi malli Oleaceae Climber Sparse A P
177 Mucuna pruriens Enugu dulagunda Leguminosaae Climber Common P P
178 Tinospora cordifolia Tippa tiga Menispermaceae Climber Rare A P
List of Fauna:
Mammals:
Scientific Name Common Name Family WPA Status IUCN
Herpestes javanicus Common Indian Mongoose Herpestidae Part II of
Schedule II LC
Cynopterus sphinx Short-Nosed Fruit Bat Chiroptera Schedule V LC
Lepus nigricollis Black-naped Hare Leporidae Schedule IV LC
Bendicota bengalensis Indian mole rat Muridae LC
Bendicota indica Bandicoot rat Muridae LC
Mus booduga Little Indian Field mouse Muridae V LC
Mus musculus House Mouse Muridae V LC
Rattus rattus House rat Muridae LC
Funambulus palmarum Three striped palm squirrel Sciuridae LC
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Aves:
All the listed birds are Least Concern under IUCN and Schedule - IV under Indian Wildlife
Protection Act (1972)
Scientific name Common Name Family
Accipiter badius Shikra Accipitridae
Acridotheres tristis Common Myna* Sturnidae
Acrocephalus agricola Paddy field Warblers* Acrocephalidae
Acrocephalus stentoreus Reed Warbler Acrocephalus
Amaurornis phoenicurus White Breasted Water Hen* Rallidae
Anthus rufulus Paddy pipet* Motacilladae
Apus affinis House Swift Apodidae
Ardea alba Large Egrets Ardeidae
Ardea intermedia Medium Egret* Ardeidae
Ardeola grayii Pond Heron* Ardeidae
Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret* Ardeidae
Calidris temminckii Temminck's Stint Scolopacidae
Centropus sinensis Crow Pheasant* Cuculidae
Cinnyris asiaticus Purple Sunbird* Nectariniidae
Cisticola juncidis Streaked Fantail Warbler Cisticolidae
Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin* Muscicapidae
Coraciiformesas benghalensis Indian Roller* Coraciiformesidae
Cypsiurus balasiensis Asian Palm Swift* Apodidae
Delichon urbicum Northern House Martin Hirundinidae
Dendrocitta formosae Grey Treepie* Corvidae
Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo* Dicruridae
Dinopium benghalense Lesser Golden Backed Woodpecker* Picidae
Egretta garzetta Little Egret Ardeidae
Eremopterix grisea Ashy crowned Sparrow lark Alaudidae
Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel Cuculidae
Euodice malabarica White Throated Munia Estrildidae
Francolinus pondicerianus Grey Patridge Phasianidae
Gallinago gallinago Common Snipe Scolopacidae
Halcyon smyrnensis White Breasted Kingfisher* Halcyonidae
Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite* Accipitridae
Himantopus himantopus Black winged stilt Recurvirostridae
Hirundo daurica Red Rumped Swallows Hirundinidae
Hydrophasianus chirurgus Pheasant Tailed Jacana* Jacanidae
Lanius cristatus Brown shrike Laniidae
leptocoma zeylonica Purple Rumped Sunbird* Nectariniidae
Lonchura atricapilla Black Headed Munia Estrildidae
Lonchura punctulata Spotted Munia Estrildidae
Megalaima haemacephala Copper Smith Barbet Megalaimidae
Merops orientalis Small Bee eater* Meropidae
Metopidius indicus Bronze winged Jacana Jacanidae
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Milvus migrans Black kite* Accipitridae
Motacilla alba White wagtail* Motacillidae
Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail Motacillidae
Motacilla maderaspatensis Pied wagtail Motacillidae
Nettapus coromandelianus Cotton Teal* Anatidae
Nyctyornis athertoni Blue tailed Bee eaters Meropidae
Oriolus oriolus Eurasian Golden Oriole* Oriolidae
Orthotomus sutorius Tailor bird Cisticolidae
Passer domesticus House Sparrow* Passeridae
Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax
Phylloscopus maculipennis Ashy Warblers Phylloscopidae
Ploceus philippinus Baya Weaver* Ploceidae
Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Moorhen Rallidae
Prinia hodgsonii Grey Breasted Prinia Cisticolidae
Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet* Psittacidae
Psittacula krameri Rose ringed Parakeet Psittacidae
Pycnonotus cafer Red Vented Bulbul* Pycnonotidae
Saxicola caprata Pied bush chat* Muscicapidae
Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin* Muscicapidae
Sterna hirundo Common Terns* Sternidae
Streptopelia orientalis Spoted dove Columbidae
Streptopelia turtur Turtle Doves* Columbidae
Sturnia pagodarum Brahminy Starlings sturnidae
Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe* Podicipedidae
Tephrodornis pondicerianus Common Wood Shrike Prionopidae
Turdoides caudata Common Babbler* Timaliidae
Turdoides malcolmi Large Grey Babblers Timaliidae
Turdoides striata Jungle Babbler Timaliidae
Upupa epops Hoopoe* Upupidae
Vanellus indicus Red wattled Lapwing* Charadriidae
*sighted during field visit
Reptiles: (Secondary source)
Scientific Name Common Name Family IWPA IUCN
Calotes versicolor Common Garden Lizard Agamidae LC
Sitana ponticeriana Fan-throated lizard Agamidae LC
Calotes rouxi Forest Calottes Agamidae LC
Dendrelaphis tristis
Common Indian Bronze
back Colubridae LC
Lycodon aulicus Common Wolf Snake Colubridae LC
Ptyas mucosa Indian Rat Snake Colubridae Sch- II LC
Ahaetulla nasutus Common tree Snake Colubridae LC
Enhydris enhydris
Common Smooth Water
Snake Colubridae LC
Macropisthodon plumbicolor Green keel back Colubridae LC
7
Xenochrophis piscator Checkered Keel back Colubridae Sch- II LC
Hemidactylus brooki Brook’s Gecko Geckkonidae LC
Hemidactylus flaviviridis Northern house Gecko Geckkonidae LC
Mabuya carinata Common Skink Scincidae LC
Varanus bengalensis Indian Monitoring Lizard Varanidae Sch- II LC
Vipera ruselli Russell’s viper Viperidae Sch- II LC
Amphians:
S.No Scientific Name Common Name Family Status IWPA
1 Bufo melanostictus Common Indian Toad Bufonidae LC Sch-IV
2 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Skittering Frog Ranidae LC Sch-IV
3 Euphlyctis hexadactylus Indian Pond Frog Ranidae LC Sch-IV
4 Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Indian Bull Frog Ranidae LC Sch-IV
5 Polypedates maculates Common Tree Frog Rhocophoridae LC Sch-IV
Invertebrates
Scientific Name Common Name Family
Discolampa ethion Banded blue Pierrot Lycaenidae
Tarucus extricatus Rounded Pierrot Lycaenidae
Danaus genutia Stripped tiger Nymphalidae
Eurema hecabe Common Grass Yellow Pieridae
Cepora nerissa Common gull Pieridae
Borbo cinnara Rice Swift Hesperiidae
Taractrocera maevius Common Grass Dart Hesperiidae
Euchrysops cnejus Gram Blue Lycaenidae
Pseudozizeeria maha Pale Grass Blue Lycaenidae
Acraea terpsicore Tawny Coster Nymphalidae
Euploea core Common Indian Crow Nymphalidae
Pieris rapae Cabbage white Pieridae
Phalanta phalantha Common Leopard Nymphalidae
Mycalesis perseus Common Bush Brown Nymphalidae
Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger Nymphalidae
Atrophaneura aristolochiae Common rose Papilionidae
Atrophaneura hector Crimson Rose Papilionidae
Castalius rosimon Common Pierrot Lycaenidae
Junonia almana Peacock Pansy Nymphalidae
Tirumala limniace Blue Tiger Nymphalidae
Junonia lemonias Lemon Pansy Nymphalidae
Ariadne ariadne Angled Castor Nymphalidae
Graphium agamemnon Tailed Jay Papilionidae
Delias eucharis Common jezebel Pieridae
Ischnura senegalensis Damsel fly Coenagronidae
Ictinogomphus rapax Damsel fly Gomphidae
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Anax guttatus Dragon fly Aeshnidae
Anax immaculifrons Dragon fly Aeshnidae
Diplacodes trivialis Dragon fly Libellulidae
Urothemis signata signata Dragon fly Libellulidae