ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/04062019B876YJBEE… · specialty chemical company in India to be ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 certified

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

FOR

CAPACITY AUGMENTATION OF SPECIALTY CHEMICALS

FROM 11,000 TPA TO 22,000 TPA WITHIN THE EXISTING PLANT

AT KONNAGAR, HOOGHLY DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Environment Consultant:

May, 2019

(Approved Consultant)

FINAL REPORT

Project Proponent :

M/s. Nalco Water India Limited (NIWL)

West Bengal

TOR Reference No. : J-11011/360/2016-IA-II(I) dt 28th Feb 2017Baseline Period : December 2016 – February 2017UIN : VLL/ENV/2017/21/NALCO/008

Vimta Labs Limited

142, IDA, Phase-II, Cherlapally,

Hyderabad–500 051, Telangana State

www.vimta.com, [email protected]

NABET Accredited Category A Consultant

NABL Accredited and MoEF Recognized Laboratory

mailto:[email protected]

For and on behalf of VIMTA Labs Limited Approved by : M. Janardhan

Signed :

Position : Head & Vice President (Env) Date : 31st May, 2019

The report has been prepared inline with the prescribed TORs issued vide letter

F.No.J-11011/360/2016-IA-II(I), dated 28th February, 2017 of Ministry of

Environment Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi.

This report has been prepared by Vimta Labs Limited with all reasonable skill,

care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client, incorporating

our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the

resources devoted to it by agreement with the client.

PREFACE

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR

CAPACITY AUGMENTATION OF SPECIALTY CHEMICALS FROM 11,000 TPA

TO 22,000 TPA WITHIN THE EXISTING PLANT AT KONNAGAR,

HOOGHLY DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

PRADESH

Environmental Impact Assessment for Capacity Augmentation of Specialty Chemicals from 11,000 TPA to 22,000 TPA within the Existing Plant at Konnagar, Hooghly District, West Bengal

Chapter-1 Introduction

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C1-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of the Report

M/s. Nalco Water India Limited (NIWL), West Bengal proposes for a

capacity augmentation of specialty chemicals from 11,000 TPA to 22,000 TPA

within the existing plant premises located in Konnagar, Hooghly district, West

Bengal. The total estimated cost of the project is about Rs. 10 Crores.

As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th

September 2006 as well as its subsequent amendments, new projects or

activities, or the expansion or modernization or augmentation of existing projects

proposed in any part of India should obtain environmental clearance from the

Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). The proposed

capacity augmentation of chemical manufacturing unit falls under “Category-A”

of activity type 5 (f) as per the EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006 issued

by MoEF&CC, New Delhi.

The proposal was considered by the 17th Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2)

meeting held during 26st - 29th December, 2016 respectively for the

determination of ToR, subsequently for the preparation of EIA/EMP report of the

proposed capacity augmentation of specialty chemicals within the existing plant

premises. MoEF&CC issued Terms of Reference (ToR) for preparing EIA-EMP

report vide letter F.No. J-11011/360/2016-IA-II (I), dated 28th February, 2017. A

copy of ToR letter prescribing the conditions and compliance is given in

Annexure-I.

Based on the ToR conditions stipulated by MoEF&CC vide letter mentioned above,

draft EIA/EMP has been prepared and submitted to WBPCB to conduct

environmental public hearing. Accordingly, public Hearing for the proposed

project has been conducted by WBSPCB on 09.08.2018 at Konnagar, Hooghly

district, West Bengal. In accordance with the TOR the final EIA report has been

prepared incorporating the details of public hearing and response to submit the

EIA-EMP report for obtaining environmental clearance from MOEF&CC, New Delhi.

1.2 Identification of Project and Project Proponent

1.2.1 Identification of Project

Project Background

Nalco Water India Limited, an Ecolab Inc company is an USA based Global leader

in providing essential expertise for water, energy and air. Globally Nalco / Ecolab

is a 14-billion-dollar company having its presence in 173 countries of America,

Europe, Asia, Australia and Africa. It is a knowledge-based and research-oriented

company contributing in various fields of green technology. The annual turnover

of Nalco Water India is around INR. 380 crores.

The plant was established in the year 1988, obtained industrial license from

Department of Industrial Development, New Delhi vide letter no: CIL




:215(8B)/Regn.No. 1261(86)/IL/MRTP/SCS, dated 12th September, 1988. And

also obtained No Objection Certificate (NOC) from West Bengal Pollution Control

Board, Calcutta in Environment concerns vide letter no: 565-10/WPB-S(11),

dated 7th June, 1988.

Nalco Water India is in operation of manufacturing specialty chemicals at the

state-of-the art manufacturing site at Konnagar, Hooghly, West Bengal since

1989 with the product ranges viz. Water treatment chemicals, Oil field chemicals

and Industrial additives. This unit initially came into operation in a joint venture

with M/S ICI India Limited but after some time became independent. In 2010,

Nalco opened a new corporate office and research and development facility in

Pune, India. In 2011, the company had entered a merger agreement with Ecolab

Inc.-an US based MNC and a major global player in the field of cleaning,

sanitizing, food safety & infection-prevention products & services. From the main

headquarters in Pune, Nalco also manages district offices in Mumbai, Baroda,

Kolkata, Delhi, and Chennai in India.

The license capacity of the Konnagar plant since inception is 11,000 ton per

annum, although the actual capacity of the plant is 22000 TPA based on 24 hours

/ day & 7 days/ week operation. With gradual growth since inception, now Nalco

Water India is producing around 8000 to 9000 ton per annum in last few years

with 16 hours /day and 5.5 days / week operation. In view of the above industrial

growth, Nalco water India has planned to expand its license capacity from 11000

TPA to 22000 TPA within its existing facilities at Konnagar by utilizing their idle

capacity, assets, and hardware along with idle hours with minimum addition of

equipment/accessories.

Nalco Water provides comprehensive water treatment solutions with the help of

specialty chemicals augmented by equipment, automation and on-site expertise.

These solutions help debottleneck water related problems for our customers in

various industries. Nalco Water’s solutions help reduce fresh water usage,

optimize quality and quantity of waste water discharge, address loss of plant

throughput due to issues like scaling and deposition on heat transfer surfaces,

ensure asset integrity resulting in premature failure due to corrosion problems

etc. Our water management programs support a wide range of industries

(including food and beverage, automotive, paper, steel, power generation,

chemicals, mining).

Our state of the art manufacturing plant in Konnagar, West Bengal produces a full

range of specialty chemicals and is further enhanced by the fact that it is the first

specialty chemical company in India to be ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001

certified.

Nalco became a presence in India in the field of specialty chemicals during the

late 1970s, but in 1987 that presence was boosted with the incorporation of Nalco

Chemicals India Limited. From the main headquarters in Pune, Nalco also

manages district offices in Mumbai, Baroda, Kolkata, Delhi, and Madras. Programs

in India are developed to focus on the local needs and conditions of each

geographical area. Our state of the art manufacturing plant in Konnagar, West

Bengal produces a full range of specialty chemicals and is further enhanced by




the fact that it is the first specialty chemical company in India to be ISO 9001,

ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 certified. This unit initially came into operation in a

joint venture with ICI India Limited - Konnagar but after sometime became

independent. Here NALCO manufacture water treatment chemicals, oil field

chemicals and industrial Additives.

Peak production license capacity being 11000 TPA as approved by the West

Bengal Pollution Control Board and the Ministry of Industries, Govt. of West

Bengal.

Nalco is a global leader in its area. Nalco Water India Limited also today is a

symbol of reliability to its customers. NALCO corporate policy is to sell solutions

and add values by working safely. In water treatment chemicals our market share

in India is 20%. Besides chemicals NALCO have also diversified in the fields of

instruments, plant set up and technology. At TATA STEEL installed a Reverse

Osmosis Plant to purify the boiler feed water for their Power House 5. It has

ensured a much longer life of their Turbine.

In Mumbai we made use of our technology to optimize the cooling system of

Hotel Mariott. We reduced the fresh water needs of the hotel by allowing the

reuse of treated wastewater in the cooling system saving 60000 cubic meters of

water each year. These savings equal 256 million glasses of water which means

18 glasses of water for every resident of Mumbai.

We improved the cooling system performance in Mariott by preventing scaling,

corrosion and microbiological fouling. It helped conserve 600,000 kwh of

electricity. It has also avoided 400 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions.

Mariott has achieved a significant environmental return on investment (eROI).

In 2010, Nalco opened a new corporate office and research and development

facility in Pune, India. The $8.5 million, 60,000-square foot facility serves as the

headquarters for sales, marketing and supply chain for Nalco Water India Ltd. as

well as housing a new, state-of-the-art technology and innovation center. The

Pune laboratory will eventually employ more than 100 engineers and chemists,

three quarters of who will have advanced degrees.

South-East Asia and India in particular have had a fair share of the

unprecedented growth of chemical industries that the world witnessed in the

recent past. The Indian market for petrochemicals, agro-industries and specialty

chemicals is expanding fast. The market size of specialty chemicals is now more

900 million US$ and it is growing at a phenomenal rate of 10 to 12%. In

consideration of this Nalco Water India Limited has adopted the policy of rising to

the occasion and stepping up its market share. Konnagar Works is the leading

manufacturing facility of Nalco in India and hence it has to be renovated to enable

it to cater to an exponentially growing market demand which would be there

sooner or later. We would, therefore, intend to step up our peak production

capacity from 11000 MTPA to 22000 MTPA and it is technically possible to achieve

it without any major expansion, purchase of machineries or land and simply by

increasing plant capacity utilization.




Present Proposal

Nalco Water India is in operation of manufacturing specialty chemicals at

Konnagar, Hooghly, West Bengal since 1989 with the product ranges viz. Water

treatment chemicals, Oil field chemicals and Industrial additives. The license

capacity of the plant since inception is 11,000 ton per annum, although the actual

capacity of the plant is 22000 TPA based on 24 hours / day & 7 days/ week

operation. With gradual growth since inception, now Nalco Water India is

producing around 9000 ton per annum in last few years with 16 hours / day and

5.5 days / week operation.

In view of the above industrial growth, Nalco water India proposes to expand its

license capacity from 11000 TPA to 22000 TPA within its existing facilities at

Konnagar by utilizing their idle capacity, assets, and hardware along with idle

hours with minimum addition of equipment/accessories.

The land allotted for the existing plant located in an area of 5.0 acres. No

additional land required for the proposed capacity augmentation. No new

installations involved and the plant is operated on batch process.

The CTO copy for the existing operations is enclosed as Annexure-II.

1.3 Project Justification

The major challenges to industries in India with the increase of industrial growth

are on sustainability with respect to natural resources and environmental

pollution vis-à-vis lower product cost with high quality to make the industries

competitive globally. This expansion project will contribute to Indian industries to

make them competitive by reducing - water consumption, energy consumption,

waste generation and environmental pollution. Almost all industrial sectors will be

benefitted from value added products and services.

With the wide ranges of products, Nalco Water India Limited is providing

economical solution to improve resource utilization, asset longevity, indoor air

quality, waste recycling and employee’s safety with lowering in product cost. The

innovative solutions are carefully designed to deliver significant environmental,

social and economic sustainability.

1.4 Manufacturing Volume of last few years

Recently, there is a huge industrial growth in India and also tremendous pressure

on water and energy conservation throughout all industries which gives an

opportunity to Nalco Water India to penetrate the specialty chemicals market to

give their essential expertise to save energy and water through their value

additive products globally. The details of last three years are given in Figure-1.1.




FIGURE-1.1

SALES AND PRODUCTION

TABLE-1.1

GAP ANALYSIS TO ASSESS THE POTENTIAL FOR LOCALIZATION

Year Manufacturing

Volume, MT

Dispatch Volume,

MT

Gap for localization

(Dispatch – Manfg.) MT

2015 8696 9350 654

2016 8883 10418 1535

2017 8974 9834 860

Source: NALCO

1.4.1 Demand & Supply Gap

Today we import about 1000-1500 TPA of finished goods which we would like to

manufacture in India, thereby reducing cost. Today Nalco has only 20% of the

Specialty chemical market, the growth expected is around 10% year to year, to

capture this growing market we will need to expand our manufacturing capacity.

Imports Vs. Indigenous Production

This capacity augmentation can reduce dependency on imports and foreign

exchange (Fx) drain by about 30 – 40% if locally produced.

Export Feasibility for:

Exports to neighboring / SAARC countries may increase.

Domestic Market

Year to year growth of 10% in Specialty Chemical market.




1.5 Brief Description of Project

1.5.1 Nature of the Project

Nalco Water India Limited has proposed to expand the plant capacity from 11000

TPA to 22000 TPA specialty chemicals at the existing facilities at Konnagar,

Hooghly, and West Bengal by:

Utilizing already inbuilt plant capacity;

Utilizing idle hours – i.e. 16 hours to 24 hours/ day & 7 days/week operation.

Adding 2-3 vessels with its accessories and few bulk storage tanks within the

existing product line to reduce batch cycle time vis-à-vis building capacity

with respect to product mix.

It will help to reduce the product cost to compete in domestic as well as global

market for survival as well as it will create some employment opportunity directly

and indirectly.

1.5.2 Size of the Project

The capacity augmentation of specialty chemicals manufacturing from 11,000 TPA

to 22,000 TPA is proposed within the existing plant. With wide ranges of

products, NALCO provides economical solution to improve in resource utilization,

asset longevity, indoor air quality, waste recycling and employee’s safety with

lowering in product cost. Innovative solutions are designed to deliver significant

environmental, social and economic sustainability. Measurable results to the

customers through:

World class teams

An integrated approach

Technological leadership

A global presence

With the increase of industrial growth in India, the major challenges to Indian

industries are on sustainability with respect to natural resources and

environmental pollution vis-à-vis lower product cost with high quality to make the

industries competitive globally. This expansion project will contribute to Indian

industries to make them competitive by reducing - water consumption, energy

consumption, waste generation and environmental pollution.

1.5.3 Location of the Project

The proposed capacity augmentation of specialty chemicals manufacturing is

within the existing plant premises at NALCO Water India Limited, Konnagar

village, Hooghly district, West Bengal. The details of environmental setting are

given in Table-1.2. The index map of the project site is shown in Figure-1.2 and

study area map of 10 km radius is shown in Figure-1.3. The study area google

image is shown in Figure-1.4.




TABLE-1.2

DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE PROJECT SITE

Sr. No. Description Details

1 Project location Konnagar village, Serampore tehsil, Hooghly district, West Bengal

2 Proposed plant site co-ordinates Latitude Longitude

22° 42’53’’ N 88° 20’37’’ E

3 Elevation at site in a MSL 14 m

4 Survey of India (SOI) toposheet No. 79 B/5, B/6 (F45K5, F45K6)

5 Present land use at the site Industrial use

6 Nearest habitation/town Konnagar (1.5 km, N) Kolkata (12 km, SE)

7 Nearest highway SH-6 (1.1 km, E) SH-2 (3.1 km, E)

NH-2 (4.0 km, W) NH-6 (7.0 km, SSW)

8 Nearest railway station Konnagar/Rishra RS (1.5 km, N)

9 Nearest airport Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International

Airport (11.9 km, SE)

10 Topography Fairly flat land

11 Archaeologically important places Nil within 10 km radius

12 Biospheres/tiger reserves/elephant reserves/national parks/ wildlife sanctuaries

Nil within 10 km radius

13 Reserved /Protected Forests within

15 km radius from project boundary

Nil within 10 km radius

14 Rivers/Streams Hooghly river (1.3 km, E)

15 Defence Installations None within 15 km radius

16 Seismicity Zone-II, as per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002

* Ariel distances

1.5.4 Industrial Development of the Study Area

Many major and minor industries are operating in the study area. The list of

various operating industries around in 10 km radius from boundary the project

site is given in Table-1.3. Further, industries within 10 km radius from project

site are shown in the Figure-1.5.

TABLE-1.3

VARIOUS OPERATING INDUSTRIES IN 10 KM RADIUS

Sr. No. Name of the Industry

1 Berger Paints India Limited (BAICL Division)

2 KCP Cement

3 Govind Steel Company

4 Relaxon factory

5 Aroni Agri Equipment

6 Titagarh Jute Mill

7 N.J.M.C.LTD(KDH) Jute Mill




Sr. No. Name of the Industry

8 The Jay Shree Chemicals & Fertilisers

9 Electrosteel Castings Ltd.

10 Texmaco Limited (Belgharia Works) - Foundry and Agro-mechineries

11 Shalimar Wires Industries Ltd

12 Bally Jute Mill

13 Hindustan Motors

14 Hindusthan Engineering & Industries Ltd. Bamunari Plant

15 Bharat Roll Industry Pvt. Ltd

16 Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd. - Serampore, Hooghly. (Kolkata)

17 Ultratech Cement

18 Dankuni Coal Complex, Dankuni(WB)

19 East India Eloanmills Pvt ltd

1.6 Status of Environmental Clearance

Obtained No Objection Certificate (NOC) from West Bengal Pollution Control

Board, Calcutta in Environmental concerns vide letter no: 565-10/WPB-

S(11)/88, dated 7th June, 1988. A copy of the same is enclosed as Annexure-

III;

The plant was established in the year 1988, and obtained industrial license

from department of industries development, New Delhi vide letter no.

CIL:215(8B)/Regn.No.1261(86)/IL/MRTP/SCS, dated 12th September, 1988.

Copy attached as Annexure-IV.

Renewal of Consent to Operate from West Bengal Pollution Control Board vide

letter no: 292/PCB/HGY/R/85-97 dated 27th June, 2017.

Nalco Water India is producing around 9000 TPA in last few years with 16 hours /

day and 5.5 days / week operation.




FIGURE-1.2

INDEX MAP SHOWING THE PROJECT SITE

Plant Site




Latitude Longitude

22° 42’53’’ N 88° 20’37’’ E

FIGURE-1.3

STUDY AREA MAP OF THE PROJECT (10 KM RADIUS)




FIGURE-1.4

10 KM RADIUS STUDY AREA GOOGLE IMAGE




FIGURE-1.5

LIST OF INDUSTRIES - GOOGLE IMAGE

10 Km

List of Industries

1) Berger Paints India Limited (BAICL Division)

KCP Cement

2) Govind Steel Company

3) Relaxon factory

4) Aroni Agri Equipment

5) Titagarh Jute Mill

6) N.J.M.C.LTD(KDH) Jute Mill

7) The Jay Shree Chemicals & Fertilisers

8) Electrosteel Castings Ltd.

9) Texmaco Limited (Belgharia Works) - Foundry and Agro-mechineries

List of Industries

10) Shalimar Wires Industries Ltd

11) Bally Jute Mill

12) Hindustan Motors

13) Hindusthan Engineering & Industries Ltd. Bamunari Plant

14) Bharat Roll Industry Pvt. Ltd

15) Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd. - Serampore, Hooghly. (Kolkata)

16) Ultratech Cement

17) Dankuni Coal Complex, Dankuni(WB)

18) Est India Eloanmills Pvt ltd




1.7 Scope of the Study

With a view to assess the environmental impacts due to the proposed capacity

augmentation of specialty chemicals project, M/s. Nalco Water India Limited

(NIWL), West Bengal has retained the services of M/s. Vimta Labs Ltd, Hyderabad

to prepare EIA report for various environmental components including ambient

air, noise, water, land and biological components and to prepare an EMP for

mitigating adverse impacts.

The EIA report is prepared based on the TOR conditions issued by MoEF&CC and

baseline environmental monitoring carried out in the study area of 10 km radius

during winter season. Air quality modelling studies have been carried out to

predict and evaluate impacts due to the proposed capacity augmentation project.

Mitigation measures have been proposed on the basis of impact evaluation.

The scope of the study broadly includes:

Generating field sampling results of environmental attributes to establish the

baseline environmental status;

Collate and compile secondary data including socio-economic data from

published literature / Government publications;

Estimate pollution loads that would be generated by the proposed capacity

augmentation project;

Predict incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the proposed

capacity augmentation project;

Validate the predicted pollution load with respect to the present pollution load

due to the plant operations;

Evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes by using

scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental impact assessment

modelling methodologies;

Prepare an EIA report, complying to all the TOR conditions issued by MoEF&CC;

Prepare an Environment Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the predicted

impacts;

To identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored and

suggest post project monitoring plan; and

To carry out risk assessment and study the existing disaster management

plan.

1.8 Methodology of the Study

Reconnaissance survey was conducted by Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad along

with project officials and sampling locations were identified on the basis of:

Predominant wind directions, expected during the period of baseline monitoring

in the study area as recorded by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) at

Kolkata (DUM DUM);

Topography and location of surface water bodies like ponds, canals, dams and

rivers;

Location of villages/towns/sensitive areas;

Identified pollution pockets;




Accessibility, power availability and security of monitoring equipment;

Areas which represent baseline conditions; and

Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental

attributes.

Administrative aspects and environmental standards attached as Annexure-V

and Annexure-VI.


Chapter-2 Process Description


2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the plant configuration, raw material requirement and

handling, utilities, services and infrastructural facilities, project schedule, process

description, technological facilities and likely environmental effects due to the

proposed capacity augmentation of specialty chemicals within the existing plant

and mitigation measures.

2.2 Type of Project

The lines between social, environmental and economic performance are becoming

more imprecise. The term sustainability has brought these concepts together in a

way that they are no longer viewed as being mutually exclusive. NALCO brings its

essential expertise to deliver sustainability goals through the manufacturing and

supply of speciality chemical. The raw materials are based on standard

formulation and some are reaction based polymer product by identifying and

implementing improvements to maximize the following:

Optimization of water usage;

Energy efficiency (water, utility and process areas);

Minimization and most beneficial deposition of waste;

Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

The innovative solutions also helps in developing sustainable environment which

can be found in boiler and cooling systems and wastewater operations and almost

any industrial plant.

NALCO water India Limited, Konnagar plant is producing water treatment

chemicals, industrial additives and oil field chemicals with a production license

capacity of 11,000 TPA. The unit is working with batch process. Now, NALCO

proposes to expand its capacity from 11,000 TPA to 22,000 TPA within the

existing facilities by utilizing idle capacity, assets, and hardware along with idle

hours with minimum addition of 2-3 vessels /equipment /accessories along with

few bulk storage tanks within the existing product line to reduce batch cycle time

vis-a-vis building capacity.

The value-added products and services thus produced from this unit are given

below:

Cooling water treatment (scale control, microbial fouling, corrosion control);

Boiler water treatment (pre-treatment, condensate control, internal

treatment);

Waste water treatment;

Membrane solutions;

Hygiene services;

Air quality;

Mining and mineral process aids; and

Other water-based process applications.




2.3 Project Location and Layout

The capacity augmentation of specialty chemicals manufacturing project is

proposed within the premises of existing and operating plant located at Rishra-

Konnagar industrial belt; a notified industrial area in Konnagar, Hooghly district,

West Bengal. The site selection criterion is given below:

No alternative sites have been proposed as the proposed augmentation will be

within the existing plant;

No additional land acquisition involved;

No change in land use, which is already under industry use; and

No national parks, wildlife sanctuary, eco-sensitive area within 10 km radius.

Existing plant photographs are shown in Figure-2.1. The plant layout of the

existing plant is shown in Figure-2.2.

2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation

The salient features of the proposed capacity augmentation of specialty chemicals

manufacturing project are given in Table-2.1 and the same is described in

subsequent sections.

TABLE-2.1

EXISTING AND PROPOSED QUANTITIES

Sr.

No.

Products Existing as per current CTO Proposed

increase

Total

(Existing + Proposed)

Ton per month (maximum)

Ton per year (maximum), considering 11 months of plant

operation (##)

Ton per year

Ton per year

1 Water Treatment Chemicals

600 6600 4400 11000

2 Industrial

Additives

250 2750 3750 6500

3 Oil Field Chemical 150 1650 2850 4500

Total 1000 11000 11000 22000

Source: NWIL

Note: (##) In old consent to operate (CTO) dated June 24, 2011 by WBPCB , the volume was

mentioned in Ton per year and the total volume mentioned as 11, 000 Ton per year but in next CTO, dated September 24, 2014 by WBPCB, the volume mentioned in Ton per month (instead of Ton per year) considering eleven (11) months plant operation & one (1) month plant annual shutdown with some changes of product mix although the yearly maximum volume restricted to 11,000 ton per year only.

2.5 Implementation Schedule

The project implementation time will be 24 months after getting all the statutory

clearances. The estimated cost of the proposed project is about Rs. 10 Crores.




FIGURE-2.1

EXISTING PLANT PHOTOGRAPHS




FIGURE-2.2

PLANT LAYOUT




TABLE-2.2

SALIENT FEATURES

Sr. No Particulars Existing Proposed Total

1 Capacity 11000 TPA 11000 TPA 22000 TPA

2 Product Range

a Water treatment chemicals 6600 TPA 4400 TPA 11000 TPA

b Industrial additives 2750 TPA 3750 TPA 6500 TPA

c Oil field chemicals 1650 TPA 2850 TPA 4500 TPA

Total 11000 TPA 11000 TPA 22000 TPA

3 Raw Material

a Polymers 10 TPM 10 TPM 20 TPM

b Other organic compounds 200 TPM 200 TPM 400 TPM

c Organic alcohols 70 TPM 70 TPM 140 TPM

d Organic acids 40 TPM 40 TPM 80 TPM

e Inorganic acids 60 TPM 60 TPM 120 TPM

f Other inorganic compounds 70 TPM 70 TPM 140 TPM

Mode of Transportation By road/rail/sea

4 Land Total area of 5.0 acres. No additional land

acquisition

5 Water 65 m3/day 45 m3/day 110 m3/day

Source Bore well water

6 Power 500 KW 250 KW 750 KW

Source CSEC state grid

7 Manpower (skilled & unskilled)

102 nos. 33 nos. 135 nos.

8 Cost of the project Rs. 22.4 Crores Rs. 10.0 Crores Rs. 32.4 Crores

Source: NWIL

2.6 Raw Material Requirement

Within India transportation is via road route. Any raw material which is to be

imported from abroad is imported via sea route. Raw materials such as inorganic

chemicals and organic chemicals are transported by road/sea.

Finished goods are also transported by road transportation within India and for

export by sea. The raw materials required for the proposed expansion project is

given in Table-2.3.

The raw material storage details are provided in Table-2.4.




TABLE-2.3

RAW MATERIAL DETAILS

Sr. No

Raw Material Existing 11000 TPA

(Qty)

Proposed 22000 TPA

(Qty)

Total (Qty)

Mode of Transportation

(Rail/Road)

1 Polymers 10 TPM 10 TPM 20 TPM Sea / Road

2 Other Organic compounds

200 TPM 200 TPM 400 TPM Sea / Road

3 Organic Alcohols 70 TPM 70 TPM 140 TPM Sea / Road

4 Organic acids 40 TPM 40 TPM 80 TPM Sea / Road

5 Inorganic acids 60 TPM 60 TPM 120 TPM Sea / Road

6 Other Inorganic compounds

70 TPM 70 TPM 140 TPM Sea / Road

Source: NWIL

TABLE-2.4

RAW MATERIAL – STORAGE

Sr. No

Raw Material Area (Sq.m)

Storage Details

1 Polymers 75 Warehouse / Storage racks

2 Other Organic compounds 1500 Warehouse / Storage racks

3 Organic Alcohols 520 Bulk storage tank / Ware house

4 Organic acids 300 Ware house / Storage rack

5 Inorganic acids 450 Warehouse / Bulk Storage tank

6 Other Inorganic compounds 505 Warehouse / Storage racks

Source: NWIL

2.7 Process Technology

In the proposed unit, various utilities will be provided for the smooth and efficient

functioning of the plant. The proposed manufacturing process and utilities are

discussed in subsequent sections.

2.7.1 Brief Description of the Process

Production is done by batch process. Most of the products are blended products of

different raw materials based on standard business formulation and some are

reaction based polymer product. Liquid raw materials are either pumped or

sucked under vacuum into the reactor or into a measure vessel for subsequent

charging into the reactor. Solid raw materials are charged through charge hole of

the reactor. Reaction temperature is maintained by heating with steam or cooling

with cooling water or chilled water by passing them through jacket or coil of the

reactor whenever required. Reactor is vented through scrubber. In some

products, reactor is hooked up to a vent condenser. After processing is over,

batch is sampled to control laboratory for analysis and adjustments are done if

required to meet the product specification. When approved, product is filled in MS

drums or Plastic Barrels or HDPE Totes or Jars for shipments to customers.




During product change over, it is necessary to decontaminate the reactor with

thorough caustic / water boil-out followed by water washing. The boiled out and

washed water is drained into nearby effluent pit followed by transfer into Effluent

treatment plant for necessary microbial treatment prior to separate the separable

solid in Lamella Clarifier by dosing of coagulant & flocculants and finally the most

of the treated water is being recycled into plant for reuse maintaining WBPCB’s

discharge specifications. The separable solids & ETP sludge are disposed through

authorized waste management group M/s WBWML, Haldia, West Bengal.

The details of type of products manufactured are given below:

A. Water Treatment Chemicals

The water treatment chemicals are listed below:

Cooling water treatment (scale control, microbial fouling, corrosion control);

Boiler water treatment (pre-treatment, condensate control, internal

treatment);

Wastewater treatment;

Membrane solutions;

Hygiene services;

Air quality;

Mining and mineral process aids; and

Other water-based process applications.

Applications of few products are detailed below:

a. Cooling water Treatment

Water is more efficient heat transfer medium than many other materials,

especially compared to air. Water is often called the universal solvent, a

property that can cause unwanted side effects for industrial applications.

Water can dissolve many substances, including gases like oxygen and carbon

dioxide. As a result, water can cause corrosion of metals used in cooling

systems. As water concentrates in cooling systems, dissolved ions may

exceed the solubility of some mineral and form scale. The life-giving

properties of water can also encourage bacterial growth that can foul system

surfaces. These problems require proper treatment and control to maintain

the value of cooling water system to the process it serves.

Cooling water systems are an integral part of process operations in many

industries. For continuous plant productivity, these systems require proper

chemical treatment and preventive maintenance.

Water treatment chemicals are given below in Table-2.5.




TABLE-2.5

WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS

Water

Systems Category of specialty

chemicals Purpose of usages Impact they

create

Cooling Systems

Scale Inhibitors Reduce or eliminate inorganic scale

1. Ensures cooling systems to operate at higher cycles thereby reducing fresh water usage 2. Ensuring cooling systems can potentially use water having higher dissolved salts or water having inferior quality. Thus, resulting in using reduced volume of fresh water from the external sources.

Corrosion Inhibitors Reduce corrosion on metals

Biocides Reduce microbio issues like MIC or slime/ algae formations

Bio dispersants Disperse bio deposits from surfaces

Oil dispersants Disperse oil and prevents them from depositing and agglomerating

General dispersants Disperses silt, dust etc.

Source: NWIL

Chemical properties significant in cooling water systems:

Chemical properties in water have a direct impact on the four main problems

of cooling water systems: corrosion, scale, fouling and microbial

contamination.

Corrosion

Manufacturing of common metals used in cooling systems, such as mild

steel, involves removing oxygen from the natural ore. Cooling water

systems are an ideal environment for the reversion of the metal to the

original oxide state. This reversion process is called corrosion.

Corrosion Inhibitors

Chemical inhibitors reduce corrosion by interfering with the corrosion

mechanism. Inhibitors usually affect the corrosion reaction at either the

anode or the cathode.

Anodic corrosion inhibitors establish a protective film on the anode. These

inhibitors can be effective, although they can be dangerous, if insufficient

anodic inhibitors is present, the entire corrosion potential occurs at the

remaining unprotected anodic sites. This causes severe localized (or

pitting) attack.

Scale

Minerals such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and magnesium

silicate are relatively soluble in water and can precipitate out of the water




for scale deposits when exposed to conditions commonly found in cooling

water systems.

Fouling

The deposition of suspended material in heat exchange equipment is called

fouling. Foulants can come from external sources such as dust around a

cooling tower or internal sources such as by-products of corrosion.

Biological contamination

Cooling water systems provide an ideal environment for microbial

organisms to grow, multiply; and cause deposit problems in heat

exchange equipment. Microbial growth can strongly influence corrosion,

fouling, and scale formation, if not controlled properly.

Macrofouling can occur in one-through cooling systems or water intakes in

lakes and rivers. Various species of clams, mussels, and other marine

organisms can attach to the piping, reducing water flow and increasing

corrosion.

Nalco Water help deliver the state of the art corrosion control programs that

inhibit corrosion, and remotely monitor your pipeline ensuring your asset is

protected.

b. Boiler water treatment (pre-treatment, condensate control, internal treatment)

Chemical treatment coupled with 3D TRASAR technology provides

comprehensive boiler water treatment solution mitigating scale and corrosion

of the boiler system. Remote monitoring by the System Assurance Centre

further allows effectiveness of operations. Boiler water treatment chemicals

are given below in Table-2.6.

TABLE-2.6

BOILER WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS

Boiler Systems Scale Inhibitors Reduces or eliminates

inorganic scales inside the boilers

1. Ensures boiler systems to operate at higher cycles thereby reducing fresh water usages as boiler make up 2. Ensuring boiler systems can run at higher TDS without the need to blow down water and energy frequently and at the same time keeping the asset integrity intact

Oxygen Corrosion Inhibitors

Reduces or eliminates oxygen related corrosion in the pre-boiler sections

Alkalinity builders Helps build alkalinity inside the boiler drum should there be a contingency situation

Defoamers Helps kill the foams inside he boilers to stop

water ingress into the steam

Condensate corrosion inhibitors – filming and neutralizing chemistries

Ensures the condensate (pure high energy water) can be fully returned to the boiler thee by reducing fresh water as boiler make up

Source: NWIL




c. Wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment demands as much attention, and the need for

integrated solutions, as other processes within operation. Nalco provides tools

to efficiently analyse, evaluate, and treat entire wastewater operation from

primary clarification to discharge. Water solution system details are provided

below in Table-2.7.

TABLE-2.7

WATER SOLUTION SYSTEM

Water Systems Category of

specialty chemicals

Purpose of usages Impact they create

Water Preparation Systems e.g. Raw water Clarification Waste Water Treatment Plants RO Plants

Coagulants Helps to coalesce the suspended particles into pin flocs for gravity settling and thus clarifying water

1. Ensures Raw water treatment plants can prepare the surface and ground water up to standards for usage in the industries and potability

2. Ensuring the waste

water plants to treat the industrial waste water efficiently so that the water can be used in recycle or for safe discharge back into the environment. This ensure the full usage of water either as recycle or back in to the environment for further usage

3. Ensures the RO

plants run at maximum throughput and efficiency there by supporting water reuse plans

Flocculants Helps to bridge the pin flocs into larger flocs to gravity settle for further clarification in the secondary and tertiary flocculators

Antiscalants for RO membranes

Reduces or delays the formation of inorganic scale build up on the membranes thus improving water throughput through the membranes

Biocides for membranes

Protects membranes from biological tack due to slime forming bacteria

Source: NWIL

d. Membrane solutions

Nalco Water's portable Service Exchange provides a convenient and

economical method to produce consistent water quality for operations.

Common tanks can be filled with varying media to create high-purity process

water, soften water for reduced scaling potential, or remove chlorine and

organics to protect downstream equipment. Membrane solution details are

mentioned in the table given above.




e. Hygiene services

Secondary disinfection can help maintain the microbiological quality of potable

water by inhibiting growth of potentially harmful pathogens. Secondary

disinfection (or supplemental disinfection) systems for potable water using an

EPA approved disinfectant.

f. Air quality

Dust can create serious health and environmental issues and be a drain on

bottom line results. The products include dust suppression additives including

foams, surface tension reducers, binders, tackifiers, and humectants.

g. Mining and mineral process aids

Technology is directly injected into the refuse slurry line in a specified

sequence prior to discharge to improve dewatering. This will allow to improve

mechanical stability, extend life, manage water balance and meet effluent

water quality requirements.

II. Industrial Additives

a. Latex flocculants

Core Shell polymers are, high molecular weight latex flocculants that were

specifically developed for:

Wastewater treatment applications;

Sludge dewatering; and

Processing aids in the municipal water and wastewater treatment markets

including papermaking, petroleum refining, mining and mineral processing,

and food & beverage production.

Core Shell polymers show an improved performance profile compared to

conventional liquid and dry flocculants. Take advantage of Nalco's patented

flocculant technology:

b. Process Antifoam

Mineral processing anti-foams and foam control programs can be tailored to meet

specific operational environmental goal.

c. Crystal Growth Modifiers (CGM)

Granulation aids are used to aid granulation and improve granule strength,

decrease rework and improve productivity. Increases operational production

efficiency.

Agglomeration aids are used to aid agglomeration and improve particle strength,

decrease fines migration and improve heap permeability. Agglomeration aids are




used in the base and precious metals industry. The agglomeration aid program

increases operational production efficiency.

d. Floatation collectors

Sulfide floatation collectors are based on innovative technology that delivers

enhanced floatation characteristics to metal sulfide minerals, resulting in

increased selectivity and separation from host minerals.

e. Digester additives

Digester additive technology increases pulp yield and quality. Increasing liquor

penetration into the chips results in a more uniform cooking process, producing

fewer knots, reduced white liquor usage, minimized bleaching costs, increasing

pulp yield and improving operational efficiency.

f. De-foamers and wash aids

The paper making system is a foam generating system to achieve quality,

production. Foam control chemicals provide effective control of foam

and entrained air in all types of paper and board mills.

Brown stock washers are an integral component to the operational and recovery

process of a chemical pulp mill. Their location allows for the removal of

extractives from the pulped fiber following the chemical deracination pulping

process and the recovery of the wash liquor. Foam has an inverse effect on

washing efficiency. Small bubbles not only impede the passage of wash water

through the pulp sheet, but also result in a greater carryover of solids through

the subsequent washer.

g. Coating additives

Solutions such as our PERFLOW Coating Technology can help prevent excessive

caking, improving operating efficiency and while reducing returns and re-work. NALCO provide coatings for phosphate, potash and animal feed.

h. Floatation collectors

Nalco’s flotation programs are developed to improve flotation performance and

solve problems encountered in a variety of metals and minerals operations,

resulting in improved performance, increased recovery and optimal separation

from host minerals. Product line, in conjunction with unique collector and frother

chemistries, provide a toolkit to enhance the performance of flotation circuits.

i. De-foamers and wash aids

Mineral processing anti-foams and foam control programs can be tailored to meet

specific operational needs and environmental goals.




III. Oil Field Chemicals

a. Flow assurance;

b. Oil/water separation;

c. Heavy crude desalting;

d. Monomer inhibitors;

e. Anti-oxidants;

f. Fuel and lubricant additives;

g. Boiler, cooling water, water and wastewater applications; and

h. Combustion efficiency and air emission control.

List of products given below in Table-2.8.

TABLE-2.8

LIST OF PRODUCTS

Product Min Type of chemicals

EC3397A A00S1 OFC

PC-77 A00U1 WTC

PC-191T A00W5 WTC

2001 , INTAC CLR A81S6 WTC

2548 A82E0 WTC

8873/625/7763/85810/DV115 A82J3 IA

2100 A82X6 WTC

EC2034A A82Y5 OFC

ESI 7400 A97G3 WTC

3DT190 / 9939 B01B4 WTC

847 / DVS4F043 B07M4 IA

8683 B93D0 WTC

3DT189 C03S7 WTC

7842 / 85320 C86P0 WTC

PC-55 D00B6 WTC

7308 D85R3 WTC

2495 , D95Q5 D95Q5 IA

74824 E01S7 WTC

85700 E02G8 WTC

3DT179 E03V2 WTC

3DT149 , 3DT249 E05G4 WTC

63700 E09D8 WTC

DVS4U032 / 88001 E10M2 OFC

19 PULV E81N7 WTC

8657 E82Z8 WTC

EC1405A E98J2 OFC

7330 , 2593, 7647 F78L7 WTC

2584 F78Y6 WTC

4221 ,ELIMINOX , EC1017A F79H6 WTC

1250 F81E6 WTC

8349 F82J1 WTC

8312 F82N2 WTC

7530 F83E4 IA

EC3019A , EC3404A F84P9 OFC

EC1020A F85D3 OFC





EC1021A F85F9 OFC

7577 F85H4 WTC

7837 F86K6 WTC

23210 F93K9 WTC

EC2452A G00B9 OFC

22341 G03Q5 WTC

76400 G09C1 WTC

8338 G90X9 WTC

85643 G97M8 OFC

85633 G97R0 OFC

3DT191 H02C2 WTC

3DT184 H02X1 WTC

60150 H07B4 WTC

7401 H11B4 WTC

7208 H78T0 WTC

EC2040A H94H5 OFC

EC1009A H94H8 OFC

EC3037A / EC5205A H94N0 OFC

3DT187 J03B3 WTC

EC2507A J05Y8 OFC

5711 J07D2 WTC

3DT105 J09B0 WTC

342 J99C0 IA

90001 K01J2 WTC

81612 K02W1 WTC

2622 K95M4 WTC

EC3142B K96G9 OFC

PC-1020T L03E8 WTC

1393T L08X1 WTC

A-82 L95T5 WTC

EC2472A M03G4 OFC

TRAC 108 M05B5 WTC

9779 , 85110 M92D3 IA

EC3214A M96D5 OFC

EC6388A M97S4 OFC

PC-67 M99E1 WTC

Nalprep-IV N02K7 WTC

TRAC 109 N08B2 WTC

2588 N79X9 WTC

23234 N90C0 WTC

EC3332A, 71D5 PLUS N94A3 OFC

3611 N97K3 WTC

82220, 82250, 82296 P05Y9 IA

1742 P91H5 WTC

PR 471 PR-471 OFC

3DT129 Q05H2 WTC

2580 PULV Q80R7 WTC

05IND003 / 85143 Q94E4 IA

85715 Q95Z4 WTC

TRAC 107 PLUS R07Q3 WTC

R-155 / 8507 R-155 WTC

1336 / 3DT198 R-2167 WTC





73199 / 3DT199 R-4324 WTC

7396 R-811 WTC

01PF067 / 71305 / 82254 / 61720 S00U0 IA

EC6002A S79P6 OFC

7357 S83T1 WTC

2833 S85N2 WTC

BT-3000 S96D5 WTC

7320 / PC-11 / 7649 T74A6 WTC

7607 , 7733 , 8100 T74F5 IA

EC9076A T75M5 OFC

EC2058A T75X0 OFC

EC5300A T75Y7 OFC

8940 T76R6 WTC

EC5353A T78J7 OFC

EC1005A / EC8005A T82H7 OFC

EC1018A T82H7 OFC

TRIACT 1800 T84B8 WTC

7392 T84K8 WTC

8315 T88U1 WTC

7520 T89M1 IA

BT-4000 T99P7 WTC

3DT102 U01N4 WTC

EC5360A V00J7 OFC

3DT180 V00S9 WTC

EC1000A V94W3 OFC

2000 /INTAC LIQ/ K CLEAN W78H5 WTC

8185 W91Q6 WTC

EC9019A W94D5 OFC

2610 X95E8 WTC

356 , 2556 Y78U9 WTC

7569 , 66029 Y87X9 WTC

CATFLOC T , 8102+ Y99D1 WTC

650P Y99Z1 WTC

3DT204 Z04V4 WTC

7408 Z79X8 WTC

EC3278A , EC3268A Z98P7 OFC

64414 #N/A WTC

EC6727A F11B4 OFC

EC8073A E11B3 OFC

5403 F75J1 OFC

CB70 V04S0 WTC

7342 T81W3 WTC

1700, EC3243A T84H4 WTC

EC3074A S80X0 OFC

EC1023N Z04N5 OFC

DVS4O010 / 88150 T10U7 WTC

EC3014A T77P5 OFC

PK9513 C09B6 WTC

PC-391T G03C1 WTC

A-82 Plus L95T5 WTC

VX10356 G03C1 OFC





EC2730A X12H4 OFC

85252RRA X12H4 IA

DVE4O007 J04F3 WTC

88003 K14B2 OFC

CS1 Y99D0 WTC

85144 B99X3 IA

156RRX M11J5 IA

Source: NWIL

OFC = Oil Field Chemicals

WTC = Water Treatment Chemicals

IA = Industrial Additives

Services: The list of services provided is given below in Table-2.9.

TABLE-2.9

SERVICES PROVIDED

Sr. No Equipment Manufactured

1 Heat Exchanger Performance

2 RO Equipment and Solutions

3 Secondary Disinfection

4 Boiler Water Treatment

5 Cooling Water Treatment

6 Wastewater Treatment

7 Water Re-use & Recycling

Source: NWIL




FIGURE-2.3

PROCESS FLOW CHART




A. Water Treatment Chemicals (Water Blend Product)

Product: 4221 Batch Size: 4000 Kg

RM code Chemical name Input quantity, kg

R-98 DM Water 3739

R-2581 Carbohydrazide 261

Total Input 4000

Material Balance

RMs input

(kg)

Product

output, kg

Loss,

kg

Yield, % Loss,

%

Reason of loss,

if any

4000 3992 8 99.8 0.2 Handling loss

B. Oil field Chemicals (Oil Blend product)

Product: EC1023N Batch Size: 7000 kg

RM code Chemical name Input quantity, kg

PR1137 Di(2-Ethylhexyl)

Phosphate solution

5250

R3533 Heavy Aromatic Naphtha 1750

Total Input 7000

Material Balance

RMs input

kg

Product

output, kg

Loss,

kg

Yield, % Loss,

%

Reason of loss,

if any

7000 6990 10 99.9 0.1 Handling loss

FIGURE-2.3(A)

MASS BALANCE - CHART




C. Industrial Additives (Reaction Product)

Product: 82220 Batch size: 10500

RM code Chemical name Input quantity,

kg

R-98 DM Water 2367

R-155 Sodium hydroxide Solution 883

R-779 Glacial Acrylic Acid 794

R-8220 Acrylamide Solution @50% 3849

R-1633 Sodium format 1

R-305 Tetra-sodium Ethylene di-amine tetra acetic acid 3

R-4277 Low odor paraffinic solvent 2205

R-739 Sorbitan mono - oleate 84

R-2200 Sorbitan mono - stearate 126

R-760 Azobis Isobutyronitrile 4

R-7142 C10 – C16 Ehoxylated Alcohol 184

Total Input 10500

Material Balance

RMs input

Kg

Product

output, Kg

Loss,

kg

Yield, % Loss,

%

Reason of loss,

if any

10500 10480 20 99.8 0.2 Handling loss

FIGURE-2.3(B)

MASS BALANCE - CHART




2.8 Resource Requirement

2.8.1 Land Requirement

The total land available for the existing plant is about 5.0 acres. The proposed

capacity augmentation project is within the premises of existing and operating

plant located at Rishra-Konnagar industrial belt; a notified industrial area in

Konnagar, Hooghly district, West Bengal. The breakup of land requirement is

given in Table-2.10.

TABLE-2.10

LAND REQUIREMENT

Sr. No Particulars Area (Acres)

1 Plant 3.35

2 Infrastructural facilities

3 Greenbelt 0.65

4 Vacant area 1.00

Total 5.00

Source: NWIL

2.8.2 Water Requirement

The water requirement for the proposed augmentation within the existing plant

is mainly for equipment cooling as well as for drinking, sanitary and firefighting

purposes and processing of products. The letter had been submitted to MoEF&CC

regarding the water requirement for capacity augmentation is proposed to be

increased from 65 m3/day to 110 m3/day for process operations.

The total water demand for the project after the proposed capacity augmentation

is about 110 m3/day which will be met through ground water. Water allocation

letter obtained from West Bengal Ground Water Resource department is

enclosed as Annexure-VII. The breakup of water requirement is given in

Table-2.11. Water balance diagram is shown in Figure-4.4 of Chapter-4.

TABLE-2.11

BREAKUP OF WATER REQUIREMENT AFTER PROPOSED EXPANSION

Sr.

No

Description Existing

(m3/day)

Proposed

(m3/day)

Total

(m3/day)

1 Process 30 28 58

Cooling 8 8 16

Domestic 19 7 26

2 Greenbelt development 8 2 10

Total 65 45 110

Source: NWIL




2.8.4 Power Requirement

The power requirement for the proposed unit will be about 20,00,000 kWh which

will be sourced from Calcutta Electricity Supply Corporation. To support the safe

operations during power failure, 1 no of D.G set (1010 KVA) is also provided. The

details provided in Table-2.12. The agreement copy of Power Supply with

Calcutta Electricity Supply Corporation is given in Annexure-VIII.

TABLE-2.12

POWER AVAILABILITY

Electrical substation 20,00,000 KWh Capacity

DG Set 01 Nos. DG Set of 1010 KVA Source: NWIL

2.8.5 Fuels and Chemicals

The quantities of different fuels used in the existing and proposed plant are given

in Table-2.13 and the characteristics of the same are given in Table-2.14.

TABLE-2.13

FUEL QUANTITIES

Sr.

No

Unit Type of

Fuel

Specific Consumption

( kg/hr)

Existing

1 Steam generator (2 no. of 15 m) HSD 84

2 DG Sets 1 no 1010 KVA capacity HSD 120

Note: HSD: High Speed Diesel

TABLE-2.14

CHARACTERISTICS OF FUEL

Sr. No.

Parameters

Units HSD

1 Density at 15 oC gm/cc 0.86

2 Carbon Residue % 0.35

3 Ash % 0.01

4 Flash Point oC 32

5 Fire Point oC -

6 Gross Calorific Value kcal/kg 10000

7 Sulphur (s) % 1.0

8 Pour Point oC Winter-6

Summer-18

Source: NWIL




2.8.6 Employment Potential

Total 33 nos. of skilled and unskilled manpower will be employed. No major

construction activity involved. Majority of labour will be employed from the nearby

villages.

2.9 Infrastructural Facilities

2.9.1 Infrastructure

Infrastructural facilities of the existing plant will be adequate for the proposed

augmentation project.

2.9.2 Connectivity

The project site is well connected to the Grand Trunk Road and Delhi Road by all

weather & motor able roads. NH-2 is located at a distance of 4.0 km and NH-6 is

located at a distance of 7.0 km. Nearest railway station is located at Rishra/

Konnagar at a distance of 1.5 km and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International

airport is the nearest airport at a distance of 11.9 km from the project site.

2.9.3 Infrastructure Facilities for Labour force

The basic amenities for the labour force during construction and operation phase

are proposed. The facilities comprises of the following:

Shelters will be provided for labours for resting;

Separate wash rooms (sanitary facilities) will be provided for male and female

labours;

The first aid facilities will be made available; and

Drinking water will be provided.

2.10 Sources of Pollution and Proposed Mitigation Measures

The various types of pollution from different units of the plant are described

underneath:

Air Pollution;

Water Pollution;

Solid Waste Generation; and

Noise Pollution.

2.10.1 Air Pollution

The existing plant has 2 steam generators, which operate on HSD. Separate

stacks are attached to steam generators, DG sets and process scrubbers. The

major types of pollutants with regard to air pollution are Sulphur dioxide and

Oxides of Nitrogen emitted due to burning of HSD / Diesel in steam generators &

D.G Sets.




2.10.2 Water Pollution

Water requirement of 65 m3/day for the existing unit will be met from bore wells

located within the premises of plant. Out of 65 m3/day of water requirement 45

m3/day will be fresh water and the balance 20 m3/day will be recycled water.

Additional water requirement of about 45 m3/day due to the proposed

enhancement will also be met from the same source.

Waste Water treatment for various categories of effluents will be in line with the

existing Effluent treatment system. The elaborated effluent treatment scheme is

worked out to maintain the status of Zero Discharge even after the proposed

capacity enhancement also. All process effluent after treatment will be recycled for

various plant operations.

2.10.3 Solid Waste Generation & Utilisation and Disposal

Waste is generated during few stages of manufacturing. Process waste residues,

which are in slurry or semi-solid form, are treated as waste. These wastes are

mostly organic in nature.

The total waste generated from existing plant considering maximum production

capacity is about 8-12 T/month. The quantity of waste generation after the

proposed augmentation will be about 15-20 T/month.

The nature of wastes is ETP sludge, physical sludge from lamella clarifier and

some polymeric contaminated water slurry during vessel rinsing prior to

decontamination. All kinds of wastes are disposed off through external authorized

agency M/S West Bengal Waste Management Limited, Haldia, Purba Medinipore,

West Bengal.

2.10.4 Noise Pollution

Traffic for loading and unloading, fabrication and handling of equipment and

materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. The areas

affected are those close to the site. However, the noise generation during

installation phase of the project will be temporary and will be restricted mostly to

daytime. The noise control measures during installation phase include provision of

acoustic enclosures around the equipment and regular maintenance of the

equipment.

Noise pollution from the existing plant and proposed project are mainly due to

some fixed installations. Compressors, and DG set will be the major noise

generating units in the plant. Out of these the generator will be functioning only at

the time of power failure. There is no need for the workers to be near this unit

continuously. However the workers in this area will always provide with ear muffs.

All the equipment in the plant would be designed to have a total noise level not

exceeding 85-90 dB(A) as per the requirement of OSHA (Occupational Safety and

Health Administration) standards.

Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Expansion of Capacity Augmentation of Specialty Chemicals from 11,000 TPA to 22,000 TPA within the existing Plant at Konnagar, District Hooghly, West Bengal.

Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status


3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

3.1 Introduction

Baseline data generation forms a part of the Environmental Impact Assessment

study, which helps to evaluate the predicted impacts on the various

environmental attributes in the study area by using scientifically developed and

widely accepted environmental impact assessment tools. This further helps in

preparing an Environment Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for

improving the environmental quality and scope for future expansions for

environmentally sustainable manner. The baseline environmental study also helps

to identify the critical environmental attributes, which are required to be

monitored after implementation of the project.

Field monitoring studies have been carried out by M/s. Vimta Labs Limited,

Hyderabad, NABL accredited laboratory, to ascertain the baseline status of the

project site during the period of 1st December, 2016 to 28th February, 2017.

Secondary data was collected from various government, semi-government and

public sector bodies.

3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology

3.2.1 Geomorphology of the Hooghly District

The district is flat to slightly undulating alluvium terrain. It can be divided in to

two geographic units:

1. Older Alluvium

2. Recent Alluvium

Geomorphology of the North 24 Parganas District

The district can be divided into three geographic units:

1. Natural Leevee Areas

2. Swamp Areas

3. Older Flood plain

3.2.2 Drainageof the Hoogly District

The drainage of the district is mainly drained by Hugli river, Damodar river,

Darakeswar river and its tributaries.

Drainage of the North 24 Parganas District

The drainage of the district is mainly drained by Bhagirathi in the west, river

Ichamati in the east and rivers Kalindi & Raimangal in south eastern part forming

the main drainage.




Drainage of the Study Area

The drainage of the study area is mainly drained by Hugli river and its tributaries.

The Hugli river which is 1.3 km, E from the project site.

Drainage map of 5 km radius is given in Figure-3.2.1.

FIGURE-

DRAINAGE MAP ( 5 KM RADIUS)

FIGURE-3.2.1

DRAINAGE MAP




FIGURE-3.2.2

FLOOD ZONATION MAP




3.2.3 Geology of the Hooghly District

Hooghly district is situated in the stable shelf zone in the western flank of Bengal

Basin. Archaean crystalline basement, Gondwana sediments and Rajmahal

volcanics of Mesozoic age flank this part of Bengal Basin to the west and

northwest. The district is covered by a huge thickness of Quaternary alluvium

underlain by Tertiary and Mesozoic formation (Biswas 1959).

The sequence of sediments encountered in the borehole drilled under the Stanvac

Project in Barddhaman district in the immediate vicinity of Hoogly district reflects

the change of an initially marine to estuarine depositional environment through a

deltaic phase to finally a fluviatile framework. Thick flows of basalt encountered at

more than 2500 m depth. On the surface two types of alluvia of Quaternary age

are found. Older alluvium and Newer alluvium. Older alluvium mixed with kankar

and laterite forms the higher ground in a limited area falling in north-western part

of the district in Goghat-I block. The rest of the district is covered by Newer

alluvium comprising sands of various grades with occasional gravels, clay, kankar

and silt.

Sub surface structural feature of significance in the stable shelf zone is

characterised by regionally homoclinal sedimentary sequence gently dipping

towards ESE. The eastern part of the second zone is marked by normal faulting

with passes through Arambagh and further east wards towards Chinsurah there

are complete absence of structural features.

Geology of the North 24 Parganas District

The district is part of lower Gangetic basin and is underlain by huge thickness of

Quaternary Alluvium, laid down by the southerly flowing Bhagirathi river and its

tributaries. The major area of the district occupied by Recent Alluvium consists of

grey sand, silt and grey (semi plastic) clay. Older alluvium sediments occurs

beneath Recent Alluvium, comprise grey to brown sand fine to coarse grained,

gravel, clay (grey to yellow) with kankar and ferrogeneous concretions. In

northern and central part of the district top surface clay is occurring down to 5 to

12 m bgl, whereas in southern and south-eastern parts of the district average

thickness of top clay layer is in the range of 25 m bgl.

Geology of the Study Area

Geologically the study area is mainly the rock types are lateritised boulder, grit,

conglomerate, sand, silt and dark grey clays of Middle to Upper Holcene age.

Geology of the project Area

Geologically the project site is mainly the rock types are very fine sand, sand, silt

and dark grey clay.

3.2.4 Hydrogeology

The hydrogeological studies were taken up to understand the local geology,

geomorphic features, drainage network, aquifer characteristics and yield of water.




Accordingly various components controlling the hydrogeological regime of the

study area were carried out.

Nature of Occurrence of Ground water

Ground water systems are a result of the complex combination of different

lithological and structural types within an area that together constitute an aquifer

within which ground water accumulates and moves. Rather than describing

individual lithologies and their tendencies to form aquifers or otherwise, it is

useful to describe the ground water as one continuous across various lithological

types (Kulkarni and Deolankar, 1995).

Hydrogeology of Hooghly District

In Hoogly district the alluvium in the area forms a rich repository of ground

water. Each aquifer system consists of two to three aquifers separated by thin

clay layers, which are not regionally extensive. The material of the shallow

aquifer is fine to medium grained sands in the upper part and coarser in the lower

part. The Hydrogeology map of the Hoogly district is given in Figure-3.2.3.

Generally the first aquifer is restricted with 60 to 80 m bgl depth. However at

some places like Tarakeswar (Tarakeswar block) and Bhadreswar (Serampur-

Uttarpara block) the 1st aquifer has been noticed to continue down to 127 m bgl

and 113 m bgl depth respectively and further continuing downward.

Generally the second aquifer system starts below 90 m bgl. However in

Dhaniakhali block at Uliara and Chandpur the second aquifer seems to start

from 30 m depth and continues at places down to a depth as high as 212 m bgl

and further below.

At Arambagh where exploratory well was constructed tapping only one aquifer

system in the depth range of 32 to 65.5 m bgl, a yield of 50.45 m3/hr at a

drawdown of only 5.12 m was obtained and the value of transmissivity was

determined to be 4128.22 m2/day. In Pursurah block, which is adjoining to

Arambagh block a yield of 39 m3/hr was obtained for a drawdown of 2.65 m from

on exploratory well constructed tapping the zone in the depth range of 85-94 m

bgl and 124-148 m bgl at Srirampur and the value of trasmissivity was

determined to be 1687.95 m2/day.

At Guptipara in Balangarh block it as been observed that shallow exploratory well

tapping the zone in the depth range of 48-60 m bgl gives an yield of 36 m3/hr for

a drawdown of 1.97 m and the value of trasmissivity was determined to be 1860

m2/day. The deep exploratory well constructed tapping the zone between 118-

130 m bgl, 148-160 m bgl and 166-175 m bgl has yielded. 46 m3/hr for a

drawdown of 2.7 m and the value of trasmissivity ranges between 2443 to 2791

m2/day. The value of storage co-efficient at Srirampur is 4.16x10-1, which

indicated the tapped aquifer is under unconfined condition. At Guptipara the

value of storage co-efficient for shallow exploratory well and that of deep

exploratory well are 7.27x10-4 and 3.17x10-4 respectively, indicating that both

the aquifers are under confined condition. At Natagarh the values of storage co-

efficient for shallow exploratory well are 2.07x10-3 and 1.87x10-5 respectively,




indicating that the shallow aquifer is likely to be under semi-confined, while the

deeper aquifer is under confined condition.

The pumping test conducted on a number of tube wells at two places namely

Tribeni and Sahaganj efficient (Sett, 1962; Chatterjee, et al, 1964 and Banerjee,

1975):

Trasmissivity-4,128.22 to 5.408.96 m2/day

Storage Co-efficient-1.1x10-3 to 4.6x10-3

Pre-monsoon depth to water level during 2006 varied from 0.4 to 18.69 m bgl

and post-monsoon depth to water level varied from 0.39 to 14.75 m bgl.

Pre-monsoon long term water level trend in 10 years (1997-2006) shows

declining trend for all except Khanakul-1 and Balagarh blocks. Post-monsoon

water level trends also shows declining trend.

Hydrogeology of North 24 Parganas District

Ground water occurs in a thick zone of saturation in the alluvium deposited by the

river system. The sand and gravel horizones of different textures constitute main

aquifer. The Hydrogeology map of north 24 Parganas district is given in Figure-

3.2.4.

Ground water in the northern and central part of the district occur under water

table conditions. However, in isolated patches in Barrackpore, Amdanga, Hadra-II

and Rajarhat blocks, the top clay and sandy clay locally thick (20-30 m) imparting

semi-confined nature to the ground water body.

In the southern and south-eastern part of the district, comprising Hasnabad,

Hingalganj, Sandeshkhali and Minakhan blocks, ground water occurs under

confined condition.

Depth to water level in unconfined aquifer during pre-monsoon period (2006)

varies from 2.00 to 13.60 m bgl whereas that to post-monsoon period (2006)

varies from 1.91 m bgl to 5.89 m bgl.

Aquifer Characteristics: Tube wells in the district are constructed tapping both

unconfined and confined aquifers and are capable to yield 50 to 150 m3/hr with

nominal draw down of 4-5 m. the yield of the shallow tube wells is about 20 to 40

m3/hr with a drawdown less than 4 m. Transmissivity values ranges from 699 to

8127 m2/day and the storativity ranges from 1.05x10-3 to 1.45x10-4. Specific

yield ranges from 0.035 to 0.765.




FIGURE-3.2.3

HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP OF HOOGLY DISTRICT

Plant Site




FIGURE-3.2.4

HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP OF NORTH 24 PARGANAS DISTRICT




3.2.5 Ground Water Resources

Ground Water Recharge

The main source of ground water recharge is by the rainfall by direct percolation

to the zone of saturation. A significant part of the rainfall is lost as runoff from

area while a limited percentage of rainfall therefore reaches zone of saturation

and becomes the part of ground water storage after meeting the evaporation and

evapo-transpiration losses. There is also ground water recharge from the return

flow of irrigation water from dug wells and tube wells operated by the cultivators

and from canals.

The dynamic groundwater resources of Hooghly and North 24 Parganas districts

have been estimated jointly by CGWB and SWID. Govt of West Bengal, following

the norms laid down by GEC-1997 methodology and projected as on 31.03.2011

is given in Table-3.2.1.

TABLE-3.2.1

THE DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OFHOOGLY AND NORTH 24

PARGANAS DISTRICTS

Quantity (HAM)

Sr.

No

Particulars Hooghly North 24

Parganas

1 Total Annual Replenishable Ground Water

Resources

146888 162530

2 Natural Discharge during Non-Monsoon Period 13994 14959

3 Net Annual Ground Water Availability 132895 147570

4 Total Annual Ground Water Draft 59787 92104

5 Projected demand for Domestic and Industrial uses

upto 2025

10471 18559

6 Net Ground Water Availability for Future Irrigation

use

69674 50951

7 Stage of Ground Water Development (%) 45

(“SAFE”)

62

(“SAFE”)

Source:Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India, July 2014

3.3 Land Use Studies

Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play important roles for identifying

sensitive issues, if any, and taking appropriate actions for maintaining the

ecological balance in the development of the region.

3.3.1 Objectives

The objectives of land use studies are:

To determine the present land use pattern;

To analyze the impacts on land use due to the modernization activities in the

study area; and

To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis




growth of project activities in the study area and its associated impacts.

3.3.2 Land use Based on Satellite Imagery

Remote sensing satellite imageries were collected and interpreted for the 10 km

radius study area for analyzing the land use pattern of the study area. Based on

the satellite data land use/ land cover maps have been prepared.

3.3.2.1 Data Requirements

IRS RS-2 Geo-Coded FCC on LISS-IV FX imageries were acquired on 22nd October

2016 for the 10 km radius study area and were used for the mapping and

interpretation. Besides, other collateral data as available in the form of maps,

charts, census records, other reports and especially topographical survey of India

maps were also used. In addition to this, ground truth survey was also conducted

to verify and confirm the ground features.

3.3.2.2 Data Sourcing and Pre-Field Interpretation of Satellite Data

The methodology adopted for preparation of land use/ land cover thematic map is

monoscopic visual interpretation of geo-coded scenes of satellite imagery and

field observations are taken. The various steps involved in the study are

preparatory field work, field survey and post field work.

Pre-Field Interpretation

The False Colour Composite (FCC) of satellite data was used for pre-field

interpretation work. Taking the help of topo-sheets, geology, geomorphology and

by using the image elements the features are identified and the boundaries

delineated roughly. Each feature is identified on image by their image elements

like tone, texture, colour, shape, size, pattern and association. A tentative legend

in terms of land cover and land use, physiography and erosion was formulated.

The sample areas for field check are selected covering all the physiographic, land

use/land cover feature cum image characteristics.

Ground Truth Collection

Both topo-sheets and imagery were taken for field verification and a transverse

plan using existing road network was made to cover as many representative

sample areas as possible to observe the broad land use features and to adjust the

sample areas according to field conditions. Detailed field observations and

investigations were carried out and noted the land use features on the imagery.

Post Field Work

The base maps of the study area were prepared, with the help of Survey of India

topo-sheets. Preliminary interpreted land use and the land cover features

boundaries from imagery were modified in light of field information and the final

thematic details were transferred onto the base maps. The final interpreted and

classified thematic map was cartographed. The cartographic map was coloured

with standard colour coding and detailed description of feature with standard

symbols. All the classes noted and marked by the standard legend on the map.




3.3.2.3 Output of Land Use Interpretation

The final output would be the land use/land cover map numerals were given

different colour code for each category as shown in map. Area estimation of all

features of land use/land cover categories was noted.

3.3.2.4 Observations on Land Use

The following are the main interpreted land use/land cover classes of the study

area and their respective areas are given in hectares in Table-3.3.1. The

thematic map and land use pattern within 10 km radius based are shown in

Figure-3.3.1 and Figure-3.3.2 respectively.

TABLE-3.3.1

LANDUSE BREAKUP OF 10 KM RADIUS AREA - BASED ON IRS-RS6 LISS-

IV FX SATELLITE IMAGERY DATA

Sr. No. Land-use Area

(sq. Km)

%

1 Built- up land

A. Settlement/air force station

B. Industrial area

167.362

18.526

53.3

5.9

2 Waterbodies

A. Tank / river / major canal/

reservoir etc.

27.632

8.8

3 Crop land

a. Crop land

b. Plantation

54.636

24.806

17.4

7.9

4 Wastelands

A. Land with scrub

B. Land without scrub

C. Aquaculture

D. Water logged area

10.99

0.942

3.454

5.652

3.5

0.3

1.1

1.8

TOTAL 314 100

Observations

Predominantly, the land use within 10 km radius from the plant boundary is of built

up land (59.2%) followed by water bodies (8.8%).

From the table above, it can also be observed that percentage of land use of crop-

land about 25.3%.




FIGURE-3.3.1

SATELLITE IMAGERY




FIGURE-3.3.2

LAND USE BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGERY




3.4 Meteorology

The meteorological data helps for appropriate interpretation of the baseline status

of the study area as well as for input into prediction models to evaluate air quality

dispersion. Chronological data on meteorological parameters also plays an

important role in identifying the general meteorological regime of the region. The

year may broadly be divided into four seasons:

Winter season : December to February

Pre-monsoon season : March to May

Monsoon season : June to September

Post-monsoon season : October to November

3.4.1 Methodology

The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the

standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 8829) and India

Meteorological Department (IMD). Automatic Meteorological station has been

installed near to the proposed expansion plant. The parameters recorded along

with frequency of recording are given in Table-3.4.1.

TABLE-3.4.1

METEOROLOGY PARAMETERS MONITORING FREQUENCY

Sr. No Parameters Frequency Remark Detection

Limit

1 Wind speed Hourly Automatic sensor records max/min & avg

± 0.02 m/s

2 Wind direction Hourly As above ± 3 degrees

3 Temp Hourly As above +/- 2 C

4 RH Hourly As above +/- 3%

5 Rainfall Daily Recorded daily at 08.30 AM 0.2 mm

6 Cloud cover Daily Based on the Cloud cover --

7 Storm Daily Based on the wind speed data --

3.4.1.1Methodology of Data Generation

The Central Monitoring Station (CMS) equipped with automatic sensor monitoring

equipment to record hourly wind speed, direction, relative humidity and

temperature was set up near the proposed expansion plant site. Data on cloud

cover and storms is recorded by visual observation. Rainfall is monitored daily by

rain gauge.

Hourly average values of wind speed, direction and temperature were recorded

continuously at the site during study period.

3.4.1.2 Secondary Data Collected from IMD Kolkata (Dumdum)

Secondary meteorological data was collected from the nearest IMD station-

Kolkata (Dumdum) located at about 11.9 km, from the proposed expansion

project site in the SE direction. Chronological data for the past 30years has been




collected and analyzed to interpret the historical meteorological conditions

prevailing in the territory.

India Meteorological Department – IMD Kolkata (Dumdum)

India Meteorological Department has been monitoring surface observations at–

Kolkata (Dumdum)on Atmospheric Pressure, temperature, relative humidity,

rainfall, wind speed and direction twice a day viz., at 08:30 and 17:30 hrs. The

data for the above-specified parameters has been collected for thirty years

(1971-2000) and processed. Data on cloud cover is compiled from the

climatological tables of the IMD station at Kolkata (Dumdum).

3.4.2 Synthesis of Data on Climatic Conditions

3.4.2.1 Analysis of the Data Recorded at IMD-Kolkata (Dumdum)

1) Temperature

The pre-monsoon the mean maximum temperature is observed at 39.1°C (May)

with the mean minimum temperature at 16.0°C (March). An appreciable drop in

mean maximum temperature is recorded with the onset of monsoon. The mean

maximum temperatures during monsoon season is recorded as 38.1°C in the

month of June and mean minimum temperature is observed in the month of June

at 22.9oC. By the end of September with the onset of post monsoon season

(October-November), day temperatures drop slightly with the mean maximum

temperature at 34.6°C in the month of October and mean minimum temperature

is observed at 14.9oC in the month of November. The winter season starts from

the December and continues till the end of February. During this season, mean

maximum temperature is observed at 33.3°C in the month of February and the

mean minimum temperature of 9.0°C is observed in the month of January. The

monthly variations of temperatures are presented in Table-3.4.2.

2) Relative Humidity

The pre-monsoon period is the driest part of the year with the mean maximum

relative humidity is observed to be 74% in the month of May. The mean minimum

humidity is also observed in the month of March as 48%. During the monsoon

season the mean maximum humidity observed is 84% (August), while the mean

minimum humidity is observed to be 76% in the month of June. During winter

season, the mean maximum humidity is found to be 74% in month of January,

whereas the mean minimum value is recorded at 52% in the month of February.

In post monsoon season, the mean maximum humidity value is recorded as 76%

respectively in the month of October. The mean minimum value is recorded as

67% in the month of November. The monthly mean variations in relative humidity

are presented in Table-3.4.2.

3) Atmospheric Pressure

The maximum and the minimum atmospheric pressures are recorded during all

seasons. In the pre-monsoon season, the maximum mean pressure is 1011.0 mb

in the month of March. The mean minimum pressure is observed to be 1000.3 mb

in the month of May. During monsoon season, the mean pressure is in the range




of 1005.5 to 996.9 mb with maximum pressure occurring during September and

minimum during June. The pressure during the post monsoon season is observed

in the range of 1014.0 to 1007.0 mb with the minimum pressure occurring during

October and maximum pressure occurring during November. During the winter

season, pressure is observed to be in the range of 1016.7 to 1010.4 mb with the

minimum pressure occurring during February and maximum pressure occurring

during December. It can be seen from the data that not many variations are

observed in the average atmospheric pressure levels. The pressure levels are

found to be fairly constant over the region. The monthly variations of

temperatures are presented in Table-3.4.2.

TABLE-3.4.2

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA STATION: IMD, KOLKATA (DUMDUM)(1971-2000)

Month Atmospheric

Pressure (mb)

Temperature (oC) Relative

Humidity (%)

Rainfall (mm) 08:30 17:30 Max Min 08:30 17:30

January 1016.4 1012.7 29.5 9.0 74 58 10.5

February 1014.2 1010.4 33.3 11.0 70 52 29.0

March 1011.0 1006.8 37.3 16.0 68 48 29.1

April 1007.4 1003.2 38.9 20.0 72 61 58.7

May 1004.1 1000.3 39.1 21.0 74 67 148.4

June 999.8 996.9 38.1 22.9 80 76 298.8

July 999.9 997.2 35.5 23.7 83 82 352.5

August 1001.1 998.2 34.9 23.7 84 83 349.9

September 1005.5 1002.2 35.1 23.7 82 82 298.7

October 1010.3 1007.0 34.6 20.3 76 74 126.6

November 1014.0 1010.5 32.6 14.9 70 67 15.0

December 1016.7 1013.2 29.5 10.4 71 63 12.3

Range 996.9 – 1016.7 9.0 – 39.1 48 - 84 1729.5

4) Rainfall

The annual rainfall observed based on the IMD data is 1729.5 mm. Pre-monsoon

rains are also observed in the region. Annual and monthly variations are presented

in Table-3.4.2.

5) Cloud Cover

During the winter and the pre-monsoon seasons, it was observed that the skies

are generally very clear. In the post-monsoon season, generally light clouds were

observed in the evenings, with clear mornings. During the monsoon season, both

in the mornings and evenings the skies were observed to be cloudy.

6) Wind Speed/Direction [

Generally, light to moderate winds prevails throughout the year with slightly

stronger winds in the pre-monsoon period and in early monsoon season. Winds

are light and variable in the post-monsoon and winter seasons and normally blow

from directions between northwest and west. The summary of the wind pattern is

presented in Table-3.4.3 and the season wise and annual wind roses are shown

in Figure-3.4.1 to Figure-3.4.5.




TABLE-3.4.3

SUMMARY OF WIND PATTERN – IMD KOLKATA (DUMDUM)

Season

First predominant

winds (%)

Second

predominant winds (%)

Wind speed

(m/s)

Calm

Condition (%)

Pre-Monsoon Season

March S (24.1%) N (8.6%) 1-7 26.8

April S (49.4%) SSW (9.5%) 1-9 7.5

May S (48.7%) SSE (10.6%) 1-9 3.7

Monsoon Season

June S (38.1%) SE (13.2%) 1-9 5.7

July S (37.5%) SE (10.6%) 1-7 8.5

August S (29.9%) SE (17.0%) 1-7 8.5

September S (29.7%) SE (12.1%) 0.5-4.5 18.4

Post Monsoon Season

October S (12.8%) N (9.6%) 0.5-4.5 41.4

November N (10.8%) NW (4.2%) 0.5-4.5 66.8

Winter Season

December N (14.4%) NW (4.3%) 0.5-4.5 72.4

January N (13.9%) NW (5.1%) 0.5-4.5 61.5

February N (16.0%) S (7.4%) 0.5-4.5 39.3

Annual S (23.8%) SE (6.9%) 1-7 29.9 Source: IMD Data

3.4.2.2 Analysis of Meteorological Data Recorded at the Project Site

The recorded meteorological data during study period winter season-2016 to

2017 has been processed for calculating the monthly averages and presented in

Table-3.4.4.

TABLE-3.4.4

SUMMARY OF FIELD METEOROLOGY DATA: WINTER-2016 To 2017

Month Temp(0C) Relative Humidity (%)

Rainfall (mm)

Cloud Cover, Octas Max Min Max Min

December 2016 28.5 14.7 68 53 0 1/8

January 2017 26.9 13.2 72 55 0 2/8

February 2017 31.7 18.4 66 49 0 1/8

Range 13.2 – 31.7 49 - 72 Total = 0 1/8 – 2/8

1) Temperature

Maximum temperature of 31.7oC and minimum temperature of 13.20C was

recorded during the study period. Maximum temperature was observed in the

month of February and the minimum temperature was observed in January

during the study period.

2) Relative Humidity

During the period of observation, the relative Humidity recorded ranged from 49-

72%. Maximum humidity was observed during the month of January.




3) Rainfall

Total rainfall was observed 0.0 mm during the study period.

4) Cloud Cover

The clear skies were observed mostly during the study period except during rainy

days.

5) Wind Speed/Direction

The wind roses for the study period representing winterseason is shown in Figure-

3.4.6. A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly

from N (14.8%), NW (5.9%), S (3.8%), NNW & NE (3.1%), E (2.2%), W (1.8%),

SW (1.4%), SE (1.3%), NNE& SSE (1.2%), ENE& SSW (0.6%), WSW (0.4%), ESE

(0.3%) and WNW (0.1%). Calm condition prevailed for 58.2% of the total time.

3.4.2.3 Comparison of Results with IMD Data

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) records the data at two times a day

viz. 0830 hr and 1730 hr while the site specific data has been recorded at an hourly

interval. On comparison of site specific data generated for study period vis-à-vis

the IMD data, slight variations were found. The following observations are brought

out:

The temperature recorded on site when compared vis-à-vis the IMD data, slight

variations was found. The maximum and minimum temperatures recorded at

site during study period December 2016 to February 2017 were 31.70C and

13.2oC, whereas the maximum and minimum temperature recorded at IMD,

Kolkata (Dumdum) for the same seasons are 33.3oC and 9.0oC respectively.

The relative humidity was observed to range from 49% to 72% at site during

the study period December 2016 to February 2017, whereas according to IMD,

Kolkata (Dumdum) data the relative humidity was observed to range from 52%

to 74%. The variation could be because of the fact that the RH values

considered for the site are actual values while the range of IMD, Kolkata

(Dumdum) data represents the average values for 30 years period.

The data generated at continuous monitoring station near project site when

compared with the data recorded at IMD, it can be observed that the data

generated at the site is broadly compatible with regional meteorology, except

minor variations as described above.




MARCH APRIL

MAY

FIGURE-3.4.1

WIND ROSE-PRE-MONSOON (IMD- KOLKATA (DUMDUM))




JUNE JULY

AUGUST SEPTEMBER

FIGURE-3.4.2

WIND ROSE-MONSOON (IMD- KOLKATA (DUMDUM))




OCTOBER NOVEMBER

FIGURE-3.4.3

WIND ROSE-POST MONSOON (IMD- KOLKATA (DUMDUM))




DECEMBER JANUARY

FEBRUARY

FIGURE-3.4.4

WIND ROSE-WINTER (IMD- KOLKATA (DUMDUM))




FIGURE-3.4.5

WIND ROSE-ANNUAL (IMD- KOLKATA (DUMDUM))




FIGURE-3.4.6

SITE SPECIFIC WINDROSE (DECEMBER 2016 – FEBRUARY 2017)

SPEED CALM

SCALE 5%

1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

C-58.2%

N 1

4.8

%

NNE 1

.2%

NE 3.

1%

ENE 0.6%

E 2.2%

ESE 0.3%SE 1.3%

SSE 1

.2%

S 3

.8%

SSW

0.6

%

SW 1.4

%WSW 0.4%

W 1.8%

WNW 0.1%

NW 5.9%

NNW

3.1

%




3.5 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone around the proposed

expansion plant area forms the baseline information. The various sources of air

pollution in the region are industrial, traffic, urban and rural activities. This will also

be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality

during plant operation. The study area represents mostly rural environment.

This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for

sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The results of

monitoring carried out for study period 1st December 2016 to 28th February 2017

representing winter season are presented in Annexure-IX.

3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey

3.5.1.1 Selection of Sampling Locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a

scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The designs of

monitoring network in the air quality surveillance programme have been based on

the following considerations:

Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis;

Topography of the study area;

Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status;

and

Representatives of likely impact areas.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at eight locations.

Table-3.5.1 gives the details of environmental setting around each monitoring

station. The location of the selected stations with reference to the project area is

given in the same table and shown in Figure-3.5.1.

3.5.1.2 Frequency and Parameters for Sampling

Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two days

per week during study period. The baseline data of air environment was monitored

for parameters mentioned below as per revised MoEF notification dated 16th

November 2009:

Particulate Matter (PM10);

Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2);

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx);

Carbon Monoxide (CO);

Ozone (O3);

Ammonia (NH3);

Benzene (C6H6);

Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP);

Arsenic (As);

Nickel (Ni); and

Lead (Pb).




3.5.1.3 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

Respirable dust samplers APM-460 BL attached with APM-151 instruments have

been used for sampling of respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous

pollutants like SO2 and NOx.

PM10 (<10) present in ambient air is drawn through the cyclone. Coarse and

non-respirable dust (>10) is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces

acting on the solid particles. These separated particulates fall through the

cyclone’s conical hopper and collect in the sampling cup placed at the bottom of

the cyclone. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the respirable fraction passes

through the cyclone and is retained by the filter paper.

A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for

sampling air through a set of impingers. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow

rate of 0.2 lpm. The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified

in IS: 5182.

3.5.1.4 Method of Analysis

The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central

Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 5184 and American Public Health Association

(APHA).

3.5.1.5 Instruments used for Sampling

Dust samplers of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring PM10 (<10

microns), PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NOx. Glass tubes were

deployed for collection of grab samples of carbon monoxide. Gas Chromatography

techniques have been used for the estimation of CO.

3.5.1.6 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and minimum detectable

levels are given in Table-3.5.2.

TABLE-3.5.1

DETAILS OF AAQ MONITORING LOCATIONS

Station Code

Name of the Station

Distance w.r.t. site (km)

Direction Environmental Setting

AAQ1 Plant Site - - Industrial area

AAQ2 Rishra Village 1.6 N Upwind/Rural/Residential area

AAQ3 Ruiya Village 6.3 NE Crosswind/Rural/Residential area

AAQ4 Patna Village 7.6 SE Crosswind/Rural/Residential area

AAQ5 Uttarapara Village 5.6 S Downwind/Rural/Residential area

AAQ6 Dankuni Village 5.3 SW Crosswind Rural/Residential area

AAQ7 Konnagar Village 1.5 S Downwind/Rural/Residential area

AAQ8 Jhankari Village 6.2 NW Crosswind/Rural/Residential area




TABLE-3.5.2

TECHNIQUES USED FOR AAQ ANALYSES

Parameters Minimum Detectable

Limit

Method

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 4.0 g/m3 Modified West and Gaeke Method

Nitrogen dioxide

(NO2)

9.0 g/m3 Sodium Arsenite Method

PM10 (Respirable

Particulate Matter)

5.0 g/m3 Respirable dust sampler/ High volume

sampling (Gravimetric)

PM2.5 (Particulate

matter size <2.5 µm)

5.0 g/m3 FRM method/ Low volume sampling

(Gravimetric)

Ammonia (NH3) 20 g/m3 Indophenol Blue method

Carbonmonoxide

(CO) (3 x 8 hr)

12.5 g/m3 Absorption and extraction followed by

GC-MS analysis

Ozone (O3) (3 x 8 hr) 2.0 g/m3 Spectrophotometric method

Benzene (C6H6) 1.0 g/m3 Adsorption and desorption followed by

GC-MS analysis

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) 0.1 ng/m3 Solvent extraction followed by GC-MS

analysis

Lead (Pb) GFFA/ICP-MS – 0.001

g/m3

AAS / ICP-MS method after sampling

on EPM filter paper

Nickel (Ni) GFFA/ICP-MS – 1.0

ng/m3


on EPM filter paper

Arsenic (As) GFFA/ICP-MS - 1.0

ng/m3


on EPM filter paper

3.5.1.7 Duration of Sampling

The duration of sampling of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx was each twenty four hourly

continuous sampling per day and CO and Ozone was sampled for 8 hours

continuous thrice in 24 hour duration monitoring. The monitoring was conducted

for two days in a week for three months. This is to allow a comparison with the

present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (16th November 2009). The ambient air

quality parameters along with their frequency of sampling are given in Table-

3.5.3.




FIGURE-3.5.1

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS

SPEED CALM

SCALE 5%

1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

C-58.2%

N 1

4.8

%

NNE 1

.2%

NE 3.

1%

ENE 0.6%

E 2.2%

ESE 0.3%SE 1.3%

SSE 1

.2%

S 3

.8%

SSW

0.6

%

SW 1.4

%WSW 0.4%

W 1.8%

WNW 0.1%

NW 5.9%

NNW

3.1

%




TABLE-3.5.3

MONITORED PARAMETERS AND FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING

Parameters Sampling Frequency

Particulate Matter(PM10) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months

Respirable Particulate

Matter(PM2.5)

24 hourly sample twice a week for three months

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 24 hourly samples twice a week for three months

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 24 hourly samples twice a week for three months

Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three

months

Ozone (O3) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three

months

Ammonia, NH3 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three

months

Benzene, C6H6 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three

months

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three

months

Arsenic (As) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three

months

Nickel (Ni) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three

months

Lead (Pb) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three

months

3.5.2 Presentation of AAQ Data

The survey results for the three months study during the winter season 2016 to

2017 are presented in detail in Annexure-IX. Various statistical parameters like

98th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from

the observed raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. The summary of these

results for each location are presented in Table-3.5.4. These are compared with

the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for industrial

and rural /residential zone.

Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Expansion of Capacity Augmentation of Speciality Chemicals from 11,000 TPA to 22,000 TPA within the existing Plant at Konnagar, District Hooghly, West Bengal.



TABLE-3.5.4(A)

SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS

Station Code

Name of the Location

PM10 (g/m3) PM2.5 (g/m3) SO2 (g/m3) NOx (g/m3)

Min Max Avg 98th

%le Min Max Avg 98th



%le

AAQ1 Plant Site 29.5 45.8 34.4 44.1 17.7 24.8 21.9 24.6 13.1 14.6 13.8 14.5 14.9 18.3 17.6 18.3

AAQ2 Rishra Village 26.7 37.8 31.0 37.4 14.5 20.9 18.1 20.7 10.4 12.8 12.0 12.7 14.9 16.4 15.7 16.4

AAQ3 Ruiya Village 22.8 32.3 28.1 32.2 10.7 18.2 14.6 18.1 9.6 11.4 10.5 11.3 13.2 14.6 14.1 14.6

AAQ4 Patna Village 21.7 36.6 28.8 35.9 16.6 20.3 18.1 20.3 10.8 12.2 11.6 12.2 14.3 15.7 15.1 15.7

AAQ5 Uttarapara Village 20.8 38.1 26.3 37.4 14.3 21.5 18.0 21.5 11.1 13.5 12.1 13.4 13.6 16.9 15.9 16.8

AAQ6 Dankuni Village 18.7 36.1 24.2 35.4 14.7 19.1 16.2 18.9 9.3 11.8 10.6 11.7 12.7 15.1 14.0 15.1

AAQ7 Konnagar Village 33.2 42.7 38.5 42.6 16.3 23.7 20.1 23.6 12.3 13.9 13.0 13.8 14.7 17.5 16.9 17.5

AAQ8 Jhankari Village 19.3 29.1 24.2 28.6 11.6 17.4 14.7 17.4 8.4 10.8 9.5 10.8 11.5 13.4 12.2 13.3

Study Area Range 18.7 – 45.8 10.7 – 24.8 8.4 – 14.6 11.5 – 18.3

TABLE-3.5.4(B)


Station Code


CO (g/m3) Ozone (g/m3) Ammonia, NH3 (g/m3) Lead (Pb) (g/m3)

Min Max Avg 98th


%le Max Min Avg 98th


%le

AAQ1 Plant Site 243 334 290 333 7.1 8.7 7.8 8.6 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ2 Rishra Village 223 311 273 307 5.5 7.3 6.2 6.9 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ3 Ruiya Village 191 283 240 282 4.7 6.1 5.3 5.7 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ4 Patna Village 212 305 262 304 4.6 6.9 5.2 5.8 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ5 Uttarapara Village 245 319 277 309 5.9 7.7 6.6 7.3 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ6 Dankuni Village 238 298 266 296 5.3 6.5 5.9 6.3 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ7 Konnagar Village 264 327 302 325 6.7 8.1 7.7 8.1 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

AAQ8 Jhankari Village 194 272 236 267 3.9 5.8 4.6 5.3 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Study Area Range 191 – 334 3.9 – 8.7 <20.0 <0.001




TABLE-3.5.4(C)


Station Code


Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (ng/m3) Arsenic (As) (g/m3) Ni (g/m3) Benzene, C6H6 (g/m3)

Max Min Avg 98th




%le

AAQ1 Plant Site <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

AAQ2 Rishra Village <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

AAQ3 Ruiya Village <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

AAQ4 Patna Village <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

AAQ5 Uttarapara Village

<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

AAQ6 Dankuni Village

<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

AAQ7 Konnagar Village

<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

AAQ8 Jhankari Village

<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Study Area Range <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01




3.5.2.1 Observations of Primary Data

The observations for winter season-2016 to 2017 are summarized below:

Particulate Matter (PM10)

A maximum value of 45.8g/m3 was observed at the Plant Site(AAQ1) and

minimum value of 18.7g/m3 was observed atDankuni Village (AAQ6). The average

values were in the range of 24.2 to 38.5g/m3.

Respirable Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

A maximum value of 24.8g/m3 was observed at the Plant Site(AAQ1) and

minimum value of 10.7g/m3 was observed at Ruiya Village(AAQ3). The average


Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Maximum concentration of SO2 is observed to be 14.6g/m3 atPlant Site(AAQ1)

and minimum value of 8.4g/m3 observed at Jhankari Village(AAQ8). The average


Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)

Maximum concentration of NOx is observed to be 18.3g/m3 at the Plant

Site(AAQ1) and minimum value of 11.5g/m3 observed at Jhankari Village(AAQ8).

The average values were in the range of 12.2 to 17.6g/m3.

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

The CO concentrations in the region are observed to be in the range of 191-334

g/m3 and are well under the limits of 2000 g/m3, applicable for residential areas

as specified by CPCB standards.

Ozone (O3)

The O3 concentrations in the region are observed to be in the range of 3.9-

8.7g/m3 and are well under the limits as specified by CPCB standards.

Ammonia (NH3)

Concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as specified

by CPCB standards.

Lead (Pb)


by CPCB standards.




Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP):

PAH concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as

specified by CPCB standards.

Arsenic (As):


by CPCB standards.

Nickel (Ni):


by CPCB standards.

Benzene (C6H6):

Benzene values in all the locations are observed less than 0.01 g/m3.

3.6 Water Quality

Selected water quality parameters of surface and ground water resources in the

study area have been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate

anticipated impact of the plant. Understanding the water quality is essential in

preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with

a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.

The purpose of this study is to:

Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;

Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions,

recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and

Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities.

The information required has been collected through primary surveys and

secondary sources.

3.6.1 Methodology

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized

based on:

Drainage pattern;

Location of residential areas representing different activities/likely impact

areas; and

Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions.

Foursurface water and eightground water sources in the study area were examined

for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to

assess the effect of plant and other activities on surface and ground water. The




samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for

the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American Public Health

Association (APHA).

Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples

collected for metal content were acidified with 1ml HNO3. Samples for

bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-

chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the

existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like temperature,

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed at the time of sample collection.

The methodology for sample collection and preservation techniques was followed

as per the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) mentioned in Table-3.6.1.

TABLE-3.6.1

SOP FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

Parameter Sample Collection Sample Size Storage/ Preservation

pH Grab sampling Plastic /glass container

50 ml On site analysis

Electrical Conductivity

As above 50 ml On site parameter

Total suspended solids

As above 100 ml Refrigeration, can be stored for 7 days

Total Dissolved Solids

As above 100 ml Refrigeration, can be stored for 7 days

BOD As above 500 ml Refrigeration, 48 hrs

Hardness As above 100 ml Add HNO3 to pH<2, refrigeration; 6 months

Chlorides As above 50 ml Not required; 28 days

Sulphates As above 100 ml Refrigeration; 28 days

Sodium, Potassium

Plastic container 100 ml Not required; 6 months

Nitrates Plastic containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 48 hrs

Fluorides Plastic containers only 100 ml Not required; 28 days

Alkalinity Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 14 days

Ammonia Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Add H2SO4 to pH>2,

refrigeration, 28 days

Hexavalent Chromium, Cr+6

Plastic/ Glass rinse with 1+1 HNO3

100 ml Grab sample; refrigeration; 24 hrs

Heavy Metals (Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu,

Fe, Zn, Pb etc.)

Plastic/ Glass rinse with 1+1 HNO3

500 ml Filter, add HNO3 to pH>2; Grab sample; 6 months

Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By APHA, AWWA, WEF 22nd Edition, 2012

Analytical Techniques

The sampling and analytical techniques are given in the Table–3.6.2.




TABLE-3.6.2

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER ANALYSIS

Parameter Method

pH APHA-4500-H+

Colour APHA-2120 C

Odour IS: 3025, Part-4

Temperature APHA-2550 B

Dissolved Oxygen APHA-4500 O

BOD APHA-5210 B

Electrical conductivity APHA-2510 B

Turbidity APHA-2130 B

Chlorides APHA-4500 Cl-

Fluorides APHA-4500 F-

Total dissolved solids APHA-2540 C

Total suspended solids APHA-2540 D

Total hardness APHA-2340 C

Sulphates APHA-4500 SO4-2

Arsenic APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 As

Calcium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Ca

Magnesium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mg

Sodium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Na

Potassium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 K

Manganese APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mn

Mercury APHA-3112 B/ APHA-3500 Hg

Selenium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 Se

Lead APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Pb

Copper APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cu

Cadmium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cd

Iron APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Fe

Zinc APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Zn

Boron APHA-4500 B

Coliform organisms APHA-9215 D

Alkalinity APHA-2320 B

3.6.2 Water Sampling Locations

Water samples were collected from four surface and eight ground water locations.

These samples were taken as grab samples and were analysed for various

parameters to compare with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500 for

ground and surface water sources. The water sampling location details are given in

Table-3.6.3 and shown in Figure-3.6.1.




TABLE-3.6.3

WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Code Location Distance w.r.t.

site (km)

Direction Environmental Setting

Surface Water

SW-1 Hugli River U/S 2.6 NE River

SW-2 Hugli River D/S 2.5 SE River

SW-3 Dankuni Drainage U/S 5.2 SSE Nala

SW-4 Dankuni Drainage D/S 6.5 SW Nala

Ground Water

GW-1 Plant Site -- --

Hand pump, used for drinking and domestic purposes

GW-2 Rishra Village 1.6 N

GW-3 Ruiya Village 6.3 NE

GW-4 Patna Village 7.6 SE

GW-5 Uttarapara Village 5.6 S

GW-6 Konnagar Village 1.5 S

GW-7 Dankuni Village 5.3 SW

GW-8 Jhankari Village 6.2 NW




FIGURE-3.6.1

WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS




3.6.3 Presentation of Results

The analytical results of water samples are given in Table-3.6.4 and Table-3.6.5

for the surface water and ground water samples respectively. The quality of surface

water samples and ground water samples were compared with IS 10500 standards.

TABLE-3.6.4

SURFACE WATER QUALITY

Sr.No Parameters Unit SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4

1 pH - 7.9 7.3 8.4 9.7

2 Colour Hazen 03 04 05 03

3 Conductivity S/cm 397 1221 577 475

4 TDS mg/l 252 783 365 305

5 DO mg/l 5.5 5.2 5.8 5.6

6 BOD mg/l <3 5.9 <3 <3

7 COD mg/l 16 25 14 12

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 148 256 156 116

9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 397 1221 577 475

10 Calcium as Ca2+ mg/l 22.5 61.4 37.4 27.8

11 Magnesium as Mg2+ mg/l 14.4 24.9 15.2 11.3

12 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 54.6 172.2 82.8 68.3

13 Residual free Chlorine mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

14 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l 1.4 2.3 1.1 0.8

15 Sulphates as SO42- mg/l 33.5 62.4 57.5 47.6

16 Fluorides as F- mg/l 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.4

17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 2.2 4.3 3.2 2.8

18 Sodium as Na mg/l 35.5 161.5 58.5 55.1

19 Potassium as K mg/l 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.5

20 Total Boron as B mg/l 0.03 0.28 0.03 0.03

21 Phenolic Compound as C6H5OH mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

22 Cyanide as CN- mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

23 Oil and Grease mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 3.26 0.47 1.03 0.07

25 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

26 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

27 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 <0.01 0.08 <0.01

28 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.02 0.27 <0.01 0.03

29 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

30 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

31 Zinc as Zn mg/l <0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01

32 Aluminium as Al mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

33 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

34 SAR - 1.44 4.39 2.04 2.22

35 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent

36 Anionic detergents as MBAS mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

37 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 756 835 920 855




TABLE-3.6.5

GROUNDWATER QUALITY

Sr.No. Parameter IS:10500

Limits Units GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 GW-6 GW-7 GW-8

1 pH 6.5 – 8.5 (NR) - 7.66 7.75 7.02 7.53 7.12 7.82 7.46 7.54

2 Colour (Hazen units)

5 (15) Hazen 2 3

1 2 1

3 3 2

3 Taste Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

4 Odour Agreeable - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

5 Conductivity $ uS/cm 1965 2092 1796 1894 1715 2200 1986 2040

6 Turbidity (NTU) 1 (5) NTU 3 4 2 3 2 4 2 3

7 Total Dissolve solids

500 (2000) mg/l 1195 1325

1108 1182 1094

1397 1220 1285

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3

200 (600) mg/l 580 477

465 579 402

530 583 588

9 Total Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 425.0 512.2 348.4 307.0 380.2 478.1 436.8 522.6

10 Calcium as Ca 75 (200) mg/l 115.2 99.7 95.6 145.4 86.4 105.2 108.6 112.6

11 Magnesium as Mg 30 (100) mg/l 71.0 55.3 54.8 52.3 45.3 65.0 75.6 74.6

12 Residual Chlorine 0.2 (1) mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

13 Boron 0.5 (1) mg/l 0.12 0.17 0.09 0.13 0.07 0.22 0.12 0.08

14 Chloride as Cl 250 (1000) mg/l 354.2 334.6 357.9 421.6 317.5 394.7 362.5 328.4

15 Sulphate as SO4 200 (400) mg/l 18.6 28.4 14.6 16.7 14.5 35.1 36.8 42.4

16 Fluorides as F- 1.0 (1.5) mg/l 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.0

17 Nitrates as NO3 45 (NR) mg/l 3.5 3.9 2.7 4.8 4.0 5.6 5.2 3.8

18 Sodium as Na $ mg/l 180.2 255.4 196.8 165.8 205.2 257.4 187.2 196.8

19 Potassium as K $ mg/l 2.8 3.1 1.8 1.5 2.2 3.4 3.6 2.8

20 Phenolic Compounds

0.001 (0.002) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

<0.001 <0.001

21 Cyanides 0.05 (NR) mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

22 Anionic Detergents 0.2 (1) mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

23 Mineral Oil 0.5 (NR) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

24 Cadmium as Cd 0.003 (NR) mg/l 0.001 0.002 0.001 <0.003 <0.003 0.002 <0.003 <0.003

25 Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.05) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

26 Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l 0.02 0.03 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01

27 Lead as Pb 0.01 (NR) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01




Sr.No. Parameter IS:10500

Limits

Units GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 GW-6 GW-7 GW-8

28 Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) mg/l <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02

29 Iron as Fe 0.3 (NR) mg/l 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.04 0.05

30 Total Chromium as Cr6+

0.05 (NR) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

<0.05 <0.05

31 Selenium as Se 0.01(NR) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

32 Zinc as Zn 5 (15) mg/l 0.15 0.19 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.25 0.11 0.24

33 Aluminium as Al 0.03 (0.2) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

34 Mercury as Hg 0.001 (NR) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

35 Pesticides Absent mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

36 E-coli(Nos/100 ml) Absent - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

37 Total Coliform 10 MPN/100 ml

Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil




3.6.4 Observations

Surface water quality

Winter-2016 to 2017

The pH range of 7.3 to 9.7 is within the permissible range of 6.5 to 8.5 except

one location.

The total hardness ranges from 116 to 256 mg/l and is within the permissible

limit of 600 mg/l at all locations.

The iron concentration is found to be in the within the permissible range of 0.3

mg/l.

The chlorides concentration of 54.6 to 172.2 mg/l is within the desirable limit of

250 mg/l at all locations.

The fluoride concentration of 0.4 to 0.7 mg/l and is within the desirable limit of

1.5 mg/l.

The TDS, 252 to 783 mg/l, found within the permissible limits at all locations.

The calcium concentration is 22.5 to 61.4 mg/l and is within the limit of 75 mg/l

at all locations, whereas magnesium concentration is 11.3 to 24.9 mg/l within the

permissible of 100 mg/l at all locations.

The copper concentration meets the permissible limits of 1.5 mg/l.

The sulphate concentration of 33.5 to 62.4 mg/l within the desirable limits of 200

mg/l at all locations. Similarly nitrate concentration of 2.2 to 4.3 mg/l within the

limits at all locations.

Mercury and phenolic compounds are less than 0.001 mg/l within the limits.

The cadmium concentration is 0.07 to 3.26 mg/l, and is beyond the limit of 0.003

mg/l.

The selenium and arsenic concentrations are <0.01 mg/l and are within the limit

of 0.01 mg/l.

The cyanide concentration is less than 0.02 mg/l and is within the limit of 0.05

mg/l. The lead concentration range of less than 0.01 to 0.08and is within the limit

of 0.01 mg/l except one location.

The zinc concentration is within the desirable limit of 5 mg/l.

The anionic detergents concentration is <0.2 and is within the desirable limit of

0.2 mg/l.

The chromium concentration meets the limit of 0.05 mg/l.




The total alkalinity exceeds the limit of 200 mg/l at all locations.

The aluminium concentration within the limits at all locations.

The boron concentration of 0.03 to 0.28 mg/l is within the desirable limit of 0.5

mg/l.

Ground water quality

Winter-2016 to 2017

The pH range of 7.02 to 7.82 is within the permissible range of 6.5 to 8.5.

The total hardness ranges from 402 to 588 mg/l and is within the permissible

limit of 600 mg/l at all locations.

The iron concentration is found to be in the within the permissible range of 0.3

mg/l.

Thechlorides concentration of 317.5 to 421.6 mg/l is beyond the desirable limit of

250 mg/l at all locations.

The fluoride concentration of 0.7 to 1.1 mg/l and is within the desirable limit of

1.5 mg/l.

The TDS, 1094 to 1397 mg/l, found within the permissible limits at all locations.

The calcium concentration is 86.4 to 145.4 mg/l and is beyond limit of 75 mg/l at

all locations, whereas magnesium concentration is 45.3 to 75.6 mg/lwithin the

permissible of 100 mg/l at all locations.

The copper concentration meets the permissible limits of 1.5 mg/l.

The sulphate concentration of 14.5 to 42.4 mg/l within the desirable limits of 200

mg/l at all locations. Similarly nitrate concentration of 2.7 to 5.6 mg/lwithin the

limits at all locations.

Mercury and phenolic compounds are less than 0.001 mg/l within the limits.

The cadmium concentration is <0.003 to 0.002 mg/l, and is within the limit of

0.003 mg/l.

The selenium and arsenic concentrations are <0.01 mg/l and are within the limit

of 0.01 mg/l.

The cyanide concentration is less than 0.02 mg/l and is within the limit of 0.05

mg/l. The lead concentration range of less than 0.01and is within the limit of 0.01

mg/l.

The zinc concentration is within the desirable limit of 5 mg/l.




The anionic detergents concentration is <0.2 and is within the desirable limit of

0.2 mg/l.

The chromium concentration meets the limit of 0.05 mg/l.

The total alkalinity exceeds the limit of 200 mg/l at all locations.

The aluminium concentration within the limits at all locations.

The boron concentration of 0.07 to 0.22 mg/l is within the desirable limit of 0.5

mg/l.

3.7 Soil Characteristics

It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the

current impacts of urbanization and industrialization on soil quality and also

predict impacts, which may arise due to the plant. Accordingly, a study of

assessment of the baseline soil quality has been carried out.

3.7.1 Data Generation

For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess

the existing soil conditions in and around the plant area representing various land

use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were

determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up

to a depth of 90 cm.

The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and

this will help in future identification of the incremental concentrations if any, due

to the operation of the plant. The sampling locations have been identified with the

following objectives:

To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area;

To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics; and

To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural

productivity point of view.

Eight locationsin and around the proposed expansion plant were selected for

soil sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different

depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and are homogenized.

This is in line with IS: 2720 and Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition,

1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America).

The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and chemical

characteristics. The soil samples were collected during winter season 2016 to

2017.

The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for

physico-chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer.

The methodology adopted for each parameter is described in Table-3.7.1.




TABLE-3.7.1

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL ANALYSIS

Parameter Method (ASTM Number)

Grain size distribution Sieve analysis (D 422 – 63)

Textural classification Chart developed by Public Roads Administration

Bulk density Sand replacement, core cutter

Sodium absorption ratio Flame photometric (D 1428-82)

pH pH meter (D 1293-84)

Electrical conductivity Conductivity meter (D 1125-82)

Nitrogen Kjeldahl distillation (D 3590-84)

Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, colourimetric (D 515-82)

Potassium Flame photometric (D 1428-82)

Iron AAS (D 1068-84)

Zinc AAS (D 1691-84)

Boron Surcumin, colourimetric (D 3082-79)

Chlorides Argentometric (D 512-81 Rev 85)

The details of the sampling locations are given in Table-3.7.2 and are shown in

Figure-3.7.1.The results and standard classification given in Table-3.7.3 and

Table-3.7.4.

TABLE-3.7.2

DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sr.

No.

Location Distance w.r.t

Plant area(km)

Direction Environment Setting

S1 Plant Site - - Plant area

S2 Rishra Village 1.6 N Rural/Residential Area

S3 Ruiya Village 6.3 NE Rural/Residential Area

S4 Patna Village 7.6 SE Rural/Residential Area

S5 Uttarapara Village 5.6 S Rural/Residential Area

S6 Dankuni Village 5.3 SW Rural/Residential Area

S7 Konnagar Village 1.5 S Rural/Residential Area

S8 Jhankari Village 6.2 NW Rural/Residential Area




FIGURE-3.7.1

SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS




TABLE-3.7.3

SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS

Sr. No. Parameters UOM S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8

Physical Properties

1 Texture --- Clay loam

Silty clay

Clay loam

Clay Clay Clay loam

Clay loam

Silty clay

a Sand % 28 22 23 25 20 21 30 37

b Silt % 18 36 21 23 32 23 18 47

c Clay % 54 42 56 52 48 56 52 16

2 Bulk Density g/cc 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1

Chemical Properties

3 pH (1:5 Aq. extraction)

--- 6.5 7.3 6.7 6.5 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.6

4 Conductivity (1:5 Aq. extraction)

µS/cm 252 278 280 89 504 394 467 342

5 Cation Exchange Capacity

(meq/100gm) 27.7 22.8 24.1 27.3 12.8 23.4 27.9 25.2

6 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca

(meq/100gm) 21.5 16.5 18.0 23.0 9.5 16.5 23.5 18.0

7 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg

(meq/100gm) 4.56 5.57 4.55 3.04 3.04 5.06 3.03 6.23

8 Exchangeable Potassium as K

(meq/100gm) 0.71 0.47 0.69 0.16 0.18 0.39 0.64 0.69

9 Exchangeable Sodium as Na

(meq/100gm) 0.93 0.70 0.82 1.07 0.22 1.50 0.73 0.27

10 Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)

--- 0.36 0.30 0.34 0.42 0.14 0.65 0.29 0.34

11 Available Nitrogen as N

Kg/ha 344.0 115.2 440.8 73.6 161.7 343.6 517.4 136.8

12 Available

Phosphorus as P

Kg/ha 303.8 142.6 395.8 62.8 120.4 248.7 402.8 179.0

13 Available Potassium as K

Kg/ha 516.2 223.2 503.7 77.4 141.8 279.5 425.2 473.1

14 Organic Carbon % 1.72 0.95 2.20 0.55 1.28 2.96 4.86 0.73

15 Organic Matter % 2.96 1.26 3.79 0.95 0.74 1.71 2.82 1.28

16 Water soluble Chlorides as Cl

mg/kg 176.5 247.6 247.9 106.0 318.0 495.7 318.4 247.6

17 Water soluble Sulphates as SO4

mg/kg 491.0 163.5 488.3 173.7 267.4 173.0 194.1 163.5

18 Aluminium % 6.08 2.78 6.03 2.43 3.85 4.17 5.20 3.25

19 Total Iron % 7.87 4.80 7.70 3.52 5.61 5.62 7.20 6.35

20 Manganese mg/kg/or ppm 953.0 694.8 999.4 654.0 935.0 673.8 1041.2 721.3

21 Boron mg/kg/or ppm 170.4 127.9 163.9 60.3 105.5 121.8 155.6 92.5

22 Zinc mg/kg/or ppm 96.2 49.2 90.3 40.5 29.0 79.4 95.0 53.4

23 Total Chromium as Cr

mg/kg/or ppm 103.8 38.5 98.2 37.4 78.6 76.6 77.6 65.4

24 Lead as Pb mg/kg/or ppm 1.2 5.3 0.8 4.2 1.2 0.9 9.9 1.5

25 Nickel as Ni mg/kg/or ppm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

26 Arsenic as As mg/kg/or ppm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

27 Mercury as Hg mg/kg/or ppm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

28 Cadmium as Cd mg/kg/or ppm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Method of Testing: As per SSSA/Soil Analysis by M.L. Jackson/USEPA




TABLE-3.7.4

STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Sr. No. Soil Test Classification

1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.00 moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline 9.01 very strongly alkaline

2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity

(µmhos/cm) (1ppm = 640 µmho/cm)

Up to 1.00 Average

1.01-2.00 harmful to germination 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts)

3 Organic Carbon (%) Up to 0.2: very less 0.21-0.4: less 0.41-0.5 medium, 0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient

4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha) Up to 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good 151-300 Better >300 sufficient

5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha) Up to 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium, 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient

6 Potash (Kg/ha) 0 -120 very less 120-180 less 181-240 medium 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient

Source: Hand Book of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research

3.7.2 Baseline Soil Status

It has been observed that the pH of the soil in the study area ranged from 6.5

to 7.3. The maximum pH value of 7.3 was observed at Rishra Village (S2) and

whereas the minimum value of 6.5was observed at Patna Village (S4). The

soil is slightly acidic to neutral in nature.

The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 89 µmhos/cm to

504 µmhos/cm, with the maximum observed at Uttarapara Village(S5)and the

minimum observed at Patna Village(S4).

The nitrogen values range between 73.6 to 517.4 kg/ha. The nitrogen content

in the study area is less to sufficient category.

The phosphorus values range between 62.8 to 402.8 kg/ha, indicating that

the phosphorus content in the study area falls in on an average sufficient to

more than sufficient category.

The potassium values range between 77.4 to 516.2 kg/ha. The potassium

content in the study area falls in very less to more than sufficient.

The chlorides were found to be in the range of 106.0 to 495.7 mg/kg of soil.




3.8 Noise Level Survey

The environmental assessment of noise from the proposed expansion plant

activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration

various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and

annoyance and general community responses.

The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:

Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in

nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is

continuously varying in loudness;

The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in

residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and

The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which

determines the loudness and period of exposure.

The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise

Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The

environmental impact assessment of noise from the plant operations and vehicular

traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential

damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general

community responses.

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline

noise levels, and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated by

the construction and operation of the plant facilities around it.

3.8.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major

noise generating sources in and around the plant site area. Noise at different noise

generating sources has been identified based on the activities in the village area

and ambient noise due to traffic.

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of ambient noise levels

at eight locations in the study area for winter season 2016 to 2017. The noise

levels at each location were recorded for 24 hours. The environment setting of

noise monitoring locations in ten areas is given in Table-3.8.1 and shown in

Figure-3.8.1.

3.8.2 Method of Monitoring

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The

readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been

monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the

locations covered in 10 km radius of the study area.




TABLE- 3.8.1

DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Location

Code Noise Sampling

Location Distance from

Area (km) Direction Environmental Setting

N1 Plant Site - - Core zone

N2 Rishra Village 1.6 N Rural/ Residential area

N3 Ruiya Village 6.3 NE Rural/ Residential area

N4 Patna Village 7.6 SE Rural/ Residential area

N5 Uttarapara Village 5.6 S Rural/ Residential area

N6 Dankuni Village 5.3 SW Rural/ Residential area

N7 Konnagar Village 1.5 S Rural/ Residential area

N8 Jhankari Village 6.2 NW Rural/ Residential area

3.8.3 Methodology of Data Generation

3.8.3.1 Instrument Used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using integrated sound level meter manufactured by

Quest Technologies, USA (Model No.2900). The integrating sound level meter is

an integrating/logging type with Octave filter attachment (model OB-100) with

frequency range of 31.5 to 16000 Hz. This instrument is capable of measuring the

Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Leq and octave band frequency analysis.

3.8.3.2 Method of Monitoring

Noise level monitoring was carried out continuously for 24 hours with one hour

interval starting at 06:00 hrs to 06:00 hrs next day. The noise levels were

monitored on working days only and Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays were

not monitored. During each hour, Leq were directly computed by the instrument

based on the sound pressure levels. Lday (Ld), Lnight (Ln) and Ldn values were

computed using corresponding hourly Leq of day and night respectively. Monitoring

was carried out at ‘A’ response and fast mode.

3.8.3.3 Parameters Measured During Monitoring

For noise levels measured over a given period of time, it is possible to describe

important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the

percent of the time certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval. The

notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below:

L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 per cent of the time;

L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 per cent of the time; and

L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 per cent of the time.

Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq):

The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same

sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This

is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a

given period of time. This is calculated from the following equation:




60

)_LL(LL

29010

50eq +=

Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during

day (6 am to 10 pm).

Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during

night (10 pm to 6 am).

Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn):

The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night

Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during

night time period (10 pm to 6 am) a 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the

instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average.

This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that the noise during night,

when people are usually in sleep, is judged as more annoying than the same noise

during the day time.

The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq’s,

by the following equation.

)]}10(8+)10(16[24/1log{10=L10/)10+L(10/L

dnnd

Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln

is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am).

3.8.4 Presentation of Results

The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at eight locations. The

parameters are analyzed for L10, L50, L90, Leq, Lday, Lnight, and Ldn. The statistical

analysis results are given in Table- 3.8.2.

TABLE-3.8.2

NOISE LEVELS [dB (A)] IN THE STUDY AREA

Location Code Location L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Ldn

N1 Plant Site 60.5 56.8 53.2 57.7 58.3 55.1 62.1

N2 Rishra Village 58.7 54.8 51.0 55.8 56.8 52.9 60.1

N3 Ruiya Village 48.6 45.0 41.3 45.9 46.4 43.3 50.3

N4 Patna Village 53.9 50.1 46.6 51.0 51.6 48.6 55.6

N5 Uttarapara Village 56.4 52.8 49.1 53.7 54.2 51.2 58.2

N6 Dankuni Village 50.4 46.6 43.1 47.5 48.4 45.2 52.2

N7 Konnagar Village 57.8 54.2 50.5 55.1 55.6 52.5 59.5

N8 Jhankari Village 46.5 42.7 39.2 43.6 44.5 41.3 48.3




FIGURE-3.8.1

NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS




3.8.5 Observations

Day time Noise Levels (Lday)

The day time noise levels at all the locations were ranged in between 44.5 to 58.3

dB(A). The minimum value 44.5 dB (A) was recorded at Jhankari Village(N8) and

the maximum value 58.3 dB (A) was recorded at Plant Site (N1).

Night time Noise Levels (Lnight)

The night time noise levels were ranged in between 41.3 to 55.1 dB (A). The

minimum value 41.3 dB (A) was recorded at Jhankari village (N8) and the

maximum value 55.1 dB (A) was recorded at Plant site (N1).

3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity

3.9.1 Introduction

Ecological evaluation aims at developing and applying methodologies to assess

the relevance of an area for nature conservation. As such, it is to support the

assessment of the impact of a proposed development by providing guidance on

how to describe the ecological features within the area affected, how to value

them, and how to predict the value losses caused by the development. The

evaluation of the ecological significance of an area can be undertaken from

different perspectives and consequently with different objectives. One of such

perspectives focuses on the conservation of the biological diversity or

biodiversity. Among the human activities that pose the highest threat to the

conservation of biodiversity are the developmental projects in particular. Such

projects represent artificial elements that cut through the landscape and interfere

with the natural habitat and its conditions by emissions that may be solid, liquid

and or gaseous. This in turn influences the abundance and distribution of plant

and animal species, i.e., the biodiversity of the areas impacted.

Most of the background data needs to be acquired from the governmental

agencies or the scientific literature. This information is typically complemented by

field visit, site surveys and sample collection. The description of the actual

ecological assessment provided by the ecological baseline study serves to set a

reference for the subsequent impact analysis. Moreover, it helps decision-makers

and EIA reviewers to become familiar with the environmental features and the

needs of the study area.

3.9.2 Objectives of the study

The present study was undertaken with the following objectives to assess both

terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the study area:

To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the existing

project site.

To assess the flora and fauna in the study area.

To understand the ecology of the water bodies.




To ascertain the migratory routes of fauna, presence of breeding grounds and

sensitive habitats in the study area, if any.

To assess the presence of protected areas in the study area.

To review the information from secondary sources and discuss the issues of

concern with the relevant authority and stakeholders.

Impact prediction based on primary and secondary data sources to formulate

mitigation measures.

3.9.3 Methodology

To achieve the above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken with

the existing plant site as its epi centre. The different methods adopted were as

follows:

Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the

study area;

Primary data collection for flora through random sampling method for trees,

shrubs and herbs from the selected locations to know the vegetation cover

qualitatively;

To spot the fauna in the study area and also to identify the fauna by secondary

indicators such as pugmarks, scats, faecal pallets, calls and other signs;

For ecological information, the secondary sources such as local officials,

villagers and other stakeholders were interviewed; and

Sourcing secondary data with respect to the study area from published

literature.

The list of Terrestrial and Aquatic sampling locations in the study area is

presented in Table-3.9.1 and shown in Figure-3.9.1

TABLE-3.9.1

LIST OF ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Code Name of the Locations Distance from

Plant Site (km)

Direction

Terrestrial Locations

TE-1 Plant Site at Konnagar -- --

TE-2 Jhankari 6.2 NW

TE-3 Uttarapura Village 5.6 S

TE-4 Ruiya Village 6.3 NE

TE-5 Patna Village 7.6 SE

Aquatic Locations

AE-1 Hooghly River near Adarshnagar 9.5 N

AE-2 Hooghly River near Dhakineswar 6.7 ESE




FIGURE-3.9.1

ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS




3.9.4 Forest blocks in the study area

There is no protected forest blocks, nor their presence of wildlife sanctuaries

or Ramsar lakes or national parks or biospheres in the study area.

3.9.5 Terrestrial Ecology

The habitat diversity of the study area is marked by the presence of River

Hooghly in the East.

3.9.6 Flora of the Core Zone

The list of Flora of the core zone is given in Table-3.9.2.

TABLE-3.9.2

LIST OF FLORA RECORDED IN THE CORE ZONE

Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Family

Trees

1 Azadiractha indica Neem Meliaceae

3 Butea monosperma Palash Fabaceae

4 Bombax ceiba Semal Bombaceacae

Shrubs

5 Ncytanthes abor-tristis Parijat Apocynaceae

6 Lantana camara Lantana Verbenaceae

Grasses

7 Bambusa bamboos Bans Poacaeae

8 Cyperus rotundus Nut Grass Poaceae

3.9.7 Fauna of the Core Zone

The list of Fauna of the core zone is given in Table-3.9.3.

TABLE-3.9.3

LIST OF FAUNA IN THE CORE ZONE

Sr.

No.

Scientific Name Common Name Conservation

status as per WPA

(1972)

Aves

1 Coracias

bengalensis

India roller Sch–IV

2 Ardeola grayii Pond heron Sch–IV

3 Centropus cinensis Crow pheasant Sch–IV

4 Acridotheres fuscus Jungle myna Sch–IV

5 Columbia livia Rock pigeon Sch–V

6 Acridotheres tristis Common myna Sch-IV

7 Turdoides striata Jungle babbler Sch-IV

8 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Sch-IV

9 Egretta Garzetta Little egret Sch-IV




Sr.

No.

Scientific Name Common Name Conservation

status as per WPA

(1972)

10 Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bulbul Sch-IV

11 Eudynamys

scolopacea

Koel Sch-IV

12 Spilopelia chinensis Spotted dove Sch-IV

13 Anhinga

melanogaster

Indian Darter Sch-IV

14 Sterna aurantia Indian River Tern Sch-IV

Reptiles

15 Bungarus caeruleus Krait Sch-IV

16 Mabuya carinata Common skink Sch-IV

17 Sitana ponticerana Fan throated lizard Sch-IV

Mammals

18 Herpestes ewardsii Common Indian

Mongoose

Sch-II

19 Fuanambulus

palmarum

Palm squirrel Sch-IV

3.9.8 Flora of the Buffer Zone

The list of plant species recorded is presented in Table-3.9.4.

TABLE-3.9.4

LIST OF FLORA RECORDED IN THE BUFFER ZONE


1 Azadiractha indica Neem Meliaceae

2 Albizia lebbeck Siris Fabaceae

3 Albizia procera Safed siris Mimosaceae

4 Anthocephalus cadamba Kadamba Rubiaceae

5 Achras zapota chikku Sapotaceae

6 Artocarpus heterophyllus Katal Moraceae

7 Butea monosperma Palash Fabaceae

8 Bombax ceiba Semal Malvaceae

9 Bombusa vulgaris Common bamboo Poaceae

10 Bauhinia variegata Kachnar Caesalpinaceae

11 Cassia siamea Kassod Fabaceae

12 Cinnamomum tamala Teja patta Lauraceae

13 Citrus japonica Narangi Rutaceae

14 Dalbergia sisoo Sissoo Fabaceae

15 Erythrinia variegata Indian coral tree Fabaceae

16 Ficus bengalensis Banyan Moracea

17 Lagerstromia speciosa Jarul Lythraceae

18 Madhuca indica Mahua Sapotaceae

19 Mesua ferrea Nag chmpa Clusiaceae

20 Melia azadiractha White cedar/Persian

Lilac

Meliaceae





21 Mangifera indica Aam Anacardiaceae

22 Nyctanthes arbortristis Coral jasmine Oleaceae

23 Mitragyna parviflora Kaim Rubiaceae

24 Moringa oleifera Drum stick Moringaceae

25 Polyalthia longifolia False Ashoka Annonaceae

26 Pongamia pinnata Karanj Fabaceae

27 Putranjiva roxburghii Lucky bean tree Putranjivaceae

28 Peltrophorum ferrigenum Gulmohar Caesalpinaceae

29 Syzygium cumini Jamun Myrtaceae

30 Shorea robusta Sal Dipterocarpaceae

31 Tectona grandis Sagwan Verbenaceae

32 Terminalia catappa Bengal almond Combertaceae

33 Ziziphus mauritiana Indian plum Rhamnaceae

Shrubs and Herbs

34 Asparagua racemosus Shatavari Liliaceae

35 Combertum indicum Madhu malati Combertaceae

36 Caesalpina pulcherrima Peacock flower Caesalpinaceae

37 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Crow foot grass Poaceae

38 Imperata cylindrica Blady grass Poaceae

39 Lagenaria siceraria Lauki Cucurbitaceae

40 Nyctanthes arbotristis Har singar Oleaceae

41 Nerium odorum Kaner Apocynaceae

42 Phoenix acaulis Chind Arecaceae

43 Xanthium stramonium Common cocklebur Asteraceae

44 Ziziphus xylopyrus Katber Rhamnaceae

46 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Hibiscus/Shoe flower Malvaceae

Climbers

47 Abrus precatorius Ratti Fabaceae

48 Aristalochia indica Indian birthwrot Aristolocheaceae

49 Ipomea mauritiana Gaint potato Convolvulaceae

50 Tinosporia cordifolia Giloy Menispermiaceae

51 Allamanda cathartica Golden trumpet vine Apocynaceae

Grasses

52 Andropogon contortus Spear grass Poaceae

53 Saccharum spontaneum Kans grass Poaceae

54 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Crowfoot grass Poaceae

55 Oplismenus burmannii Burmanns basket

grass

Poaceae

56 Imperata cylindrica Blade grass Poaceae

57 Bambusa bamboos Veduru Poaceae

58 Cyperus rotundus Nut Grass Poaceae

3.9.9 Plant Diversity

Plant Diversity

Diversity means variety or variability. Species diversity therefore refers to the

variation that exists among the different living forms. It is estimated that there are




more than 50 million different species of living organisms on the earth. With the

growing concern of species going extinct at a very rapid pace, identification of the

different species of plants and animals and conserving them is of primary

importance. Species indicates the extent of biodiversity in the ecosystem. Species

diversity is a statistical abstraction with two components. These are the number of

species or richness and evenness or equitability. For better understanding of plant

diversity, the Shannon Weaver index of diversity was used. The index considers two

important characters of vegetation, i.e. floristic richness and proportional abundance

of the species. Diversity index increases with the floral spectra (more species means

that more wide species diversity) which show the undisturbed scenario of ecosystem.

The index is given as:

H' = - sum (Pi ln Pi)

Where Pi = Proportional abundance of the I th (individual) species

H’= Shannon-Weaver diversity index

The species diversity indices for five sampling locations are presented in Table-

3.9.5.

TABLE-3.9.5

SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES IN STUDY AREA

Sr.No Location Diversity Index Evenness Index

TE-1 Proposed Project site

at Konnagar

1.61 0.9

TE-2 Jhankari 1.75 0.98

TE-3 Uttarapura Village 1.71 0.93

TE-4 Ruiya Village 1.72 0.96

TE-5 Patna Village 1.66 0.93

The highest value of the species diversity is located at Jhakari and the plant site

has recorded lowest value.

3.9.10 Fauna of the Buffer Zone

The list of fauna is given in Table-3.9.6.

TABLE-3.9.6

LIST OF FAUNA IN THE BUFFER ZONE

Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Conservation status

as per WPA (1972)

Aves

1 Acridotheres ginginianus Bank myna Sch-IV

2 Ardeola grayii Pond heron Sch-IV

3 Alcedo atthis Common kingfisher Sch-IV

4 Aegithina tiphia Common iora Sch-IV

5 Apus affinis House swift Sch-IV

6 Coracias benghalensis Indian roller Sch-IV





as per WPA (1972)

7 Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle crow Sch-IV

8 Corvus splendens Common crow Sch-V

9 Dendocitta vagabunda Indian tree pie Sch-IV

10 Dicrurus adsimilis Black drongo Sch-IV

11 Dinopium benghalensis Golden backed

woodpecker

Sch-IV

12 Eudynamys scolopacea Koel Sch-IV

13 Oriolus xathornus Black hooded oriole Sch-IV

14 Lanius Cristatus Brown shrike Sch-IV

15 Streptopelia decaocto Eurasia collard dove Sch-IV

16 Hirundo rustica Barn swallow Sch-IV

17 Halcyon smyrnensis White throated

kingfisher

Sch-IV

18 Megalaima

haemacephala

Coppersmith barbet Sch-IV

19 Oriolus oriolus Golden oriole Sch-IV

20 Lanius tephronotus Grey backed shrike Sch-IV

21 Passer domesticus Common Sparrow Sch-IV

22 Psittacula Cyanocephala Plum headed parakeet Sch-IV

23 Merops orientalis Green Bee Eater Sch-IV

24 Psittacula krameri Rose ringed parakeet Sch-IV

25 Ploceus philippinus Baya weaver Sch-IV

26 Pterocles sp Sandgrouse Sch-IV

27 Upupa epops Hoopoe Sch-IV

28 Sturnus contra Pied myna Sch-IV

29 Clamator jacobinus Pied cuckoo Sch-IV

30 Turdoides striatus Jungle babbler Sch-IV

31 Taccocua leschenaultu Dark backed sirkeer Sch-IV

32 Tephrodomis

pondicerianus

Common woodshrike Sch-IV

33 Tyto alba Barn owl Sch-IV

34 Vanellus indicus Red- watlled lapwing Sch-IV

35 Anhinga melanogaster Indian Darter Sch-IV

36 Sterna aurantia River Tern Sch-IV

Amphibians And Reptiles

37 Bufo melanostrictus Common toad Sch-IV

38 Bufo stomaticus India marbled toad Sch-IV

39 Rana limnocharis Rice field frog Sch-IV

40 Tomopterna breviceps Indian burrowing frog Sch-IV

41 Burngarus caeruleus Common Indian krait Sch-IV

42 Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard Sch-IV

43 Mabuya craniata Common skink Sch-IV

44 Mabuya macularia Little skink Sch-IV

45 Typhlops acutus Beakead worn or blind

snake

Sch-IV

46 Viper russelli Russell’s viper Sch-II





as per WPA (1972)

Butterflies

47 Catopsilia pyranthe Common Emigrant Sch-IV

48 Euploea core Common India crow Sch-IV

49 Mycalesis perseus Common bushbrown Sch-IV

50 Mycanitis leda Common evening

brown

Sch-IV

51 Neptis hylas Common sailer Sch-IV

52 Papilio polytes Common Leopard Sch-IV

53 Papilio polytes Common Mormone Sch-IV

55 Papilio deneoleus Lime Butterfly Sch-IV

56 Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger Sch-IV

57 Tirumala hamate Blue Tiger Sch-IV

Mammals

58 Macacca mulatta Rhesus Monkey Sch-II

59 Funambulus palmarum Five stripped squirrel Sch-IV

60 Pteropus gigantus Indian Flying fox Sch-V

61 Suncus murinus House shrew Sch-IV

62 Bandicota bengalensis Indian mole rat Sch-V

63 Viverricula indica Small Indian Civet Sch-II

64 Herpestes edwardsii Common Mongoose Sch-II

3.9.11 Aquatic ecosystem

Hooghly River is present in the study area. Aquatic sampling locations were taken

at Hooghly River near Adarshnagar and at Hooghly River at Dhakineshwar.

3.9.11.1Fishes

List of fishes observed in the reservoir are listed in Table-3.9.7.

TABLE-3.9.7

LIST OF FISHES

Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name

1 Labeo rohita Rohu

2 Cirrhinus mrigala Mrigal

3 Notopterus chitala Chital

4 Aorichthys aor Long whiskered cat fish

5 Catla catla Indian carp

6 Wallgo attu Boyari

7 Labeo Kalabasu Indian feather back fish

8 Hilsa ilisha Hilsa

3.9.11.2Phytoplankton and Zooplankton

Phytoplankton forms the basis of food chain in any aquatic water body. The

diversity and abundance of phytoplankton mainly depends on the region, type of




water body, either lentic or lotic, the nutrient flux in the system and the sunlight

available for photosynthesis. These factors together form the dynamics of

phytoplankton productivity over the seasons. The phytoplankton of given water

body determines the zooplankton populations and the fish productivity of the

ecosystem. Thirteen species of the phytoplankton were recorded in the study

area.

Zooplankton

The zooplankton of the aquatic water body are the primary consumers and also in

cases secondary produces which play an important role for the fisheries of that

system. The diversity and abundance of zooplankton also depends on whether the

water body is eutrophic or oligotrophic. About 9 species of zooplankton were

reported. The amount and type of pollutants in the water body determine the

type of zooplankton species. Species of copepod will usually dominate in the

tropical region while more eutrophicated waters with high nutrient or organic

loads will harbor high number of crustaceans and arthropods. The less polluted

waters will have more of cladocerans and rotifers.

The list of plankton recorded in fresh water bodies in study during study period

are presented in Table-3.9.8.

TABLE-3.9.8

LIST OF PLANKTON RECORDED DURING STUDY PERIOD

Sr. No. Phytoplankton Zooplankton

1 Anabaena sp Asplancha sp.

2 Actinastrum sp Arcella sp.

3 Calothrix sp Cypris sp.

4 Chlorella sp Cyclops sp

5 Cosmarium sp Daphnia sp

6 Fragillaria sp Kertella sp

7 Euglena sp Macrotric sp

8 Microcystis sp Brachionus sp

9 Navicula sp Filinia sp

10 Nitzschia sp

11 Oscillatoria sp

12 Spirulina sp

13 Synedra sp

3.9.12 Conclusions

There is no presence of scheduled- I mammals or other fauna in the study area.

Also there is no presence of endangered plants or threatened plants in the study

area as per the list of Botanical Survey of India.




3.10 Demography and Socio-Economics

The demographic and socio- economic conditions prevailing in the 10 km radius

of the capacity augmentation from 11000 TPA TO 22000 TPA project area at

Konnanar. In Serampur - Uttarpara C.D block, Singur, Chanditala-II C.D blocks in

Hugli district, Barrackerpur-I, Barrackerpur-II and Barasat-I C.D blocks in North

Twentyfour Parganas” is analyzed. The socio-economic data forms the basis for

developing a suitable enterprise social responsibility plan to address the needs of

the population.

The project proponent is committed to take up the socio-economic development

initiatives not only to minimize the negative impact on the population and also

improve the socio-economic status of population living in 10 km radius of the

plant as its sustained effort as part of corporate social responsibility.

3.10.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

The methodology adopted for the study mainly includes primary survey, review of

published secondary data (District Census Statistical Handbooks- 2011, 2001 and

Primary Census Abstract of Census-2011) with respect to population, density,

household size, sex ratio, social stratification, literacy rate, occupational structure

and infrastructure details like drinking water facilities, electrical facilities and

drainage facilities for 10 km radius study area.

3.10.2 Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile-2011

The village wise demographic data of 57 villages, 13 municipalities, 32 cities (CT)

and Barrackpur Cantonment (CB) areas are falling within 10 km radius of the

project site as per the 2001, 2011 census is given in Annexure-X. The salient

features of the demographic and socio-economic conditions are analyzed and

described in the following sections.

3.10.3 Demography

As per the 2001 census the total population of the study area is 2537948.The

population reported as per the 2011 census is 2766832. Overall around 9.0%

more decennial growth is reported in the study area.

The growth rate of population in the study area comparatively reported more

than the growth rate of state urban (West Bengal 29.8%).

Distribution of Population

As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 2766832 persons inhabited in

study area. The distribution of population in the study area is shown in Table-

3.10.1.




TABLE-3.10.1

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km

No. of households 153509 248553 251900 653962

Male population 344911 558793 513858 1417562

Female population 318477 536606 494187 1349270

Total population 663388 1095399 1008045 2766832

Male population (0-6 years) 28758 44638 40287 113683

Female population (0-6 years) 26879 42577 38418 107874

Total population (0-6 years) 55637 87215 78705 221557

% Of 0-6 years population 8.39 7.96 7.81 8.01

Average household size 4.32 4.41 4.00 4.23

% Of males to the total population 51.99 51.01 50.98 51.23

% Of females to the total population 48.01 48.99 49.02 48.77

Sex ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 923 960 962 952

Child sex ratio (no of females per 1000

males (0-6 years)) 935 954 954 949

Density 23463 8717 6292 8807

Source: District Census Hand Book–2011

Average Household Size

The study area has a household size of 4.23 as per 2011 census, which has

decreased from 4.75 in 2001. This is mainly due to population control measures,

health awareness programs.

Population Density

The density of population reveals that the study area has an overall density of

8807 persons per km2 (PP km2) as per 2011 census reports. The density of

population in the study area comparatively reported more than the density of

state (West Bengal 1028).The reason is for more density is 96% of population is

urban population (2602276) and 06% of population is rural population 164556.

13 municipalities, 32 cities (CT) and Barrackpur Cantonment (CB) areas are

falling in the study area.

Sex Ratio

The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about

51.23% and females to 48.77% of the total population as per 2011 census

records. The study area on an average has 952 females per 1000 males as per

2011 census reports. In comparison to the districts sex ratio (Hugli 961, North

Twenty Four Parganas 955) the study area has recorded low sex ratio.

Child Sex Ratio

The study area child sex ratio is 949 females for 1000 males in the study area. In

comparison to districts child sex ratio (Hugli 952, North Twenty Four Parganas




956) is less in the study area. Several reasons are attributed to the decline in the

number of girls – neglect of the girl child, high maternal mortality and female

infanticide. Some of the reasons for neglect of girl child and low child sex ratio

are son preference and the belief that it is only the son who can perform the last

rites, that lineage and inheritance runs through the male line, sons will look after

parents in old age, men are the bread winners etc.

3.10.4 Social Structure

In the study area, as per 2011 census, 9.94% of the population belongs to

Scheduled Castes (SC) and 0.93% to Scheduled Tribes (ST).Overall the data of

social stratification reveals that the SC and ST % to population is more than10%,

The SC and ST community are marginalized and they are at considered at low

level of social strata and calls for a special attention in corporate social

responsibility Plan for improving their socio-economic status apart from

preservation and protection of their art, culture and traditional rights of livelihood.

The distribution of population by social structure is shown in Table-3.10.2.

TABLE-3.10.2

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE


Schedule caste population 35918 84489 154680 275087

Schedule Tribes population 3325 12473 9898 25696

Schedule caste (SC) population %

to the total population 5.41 7.71 15.34 9.94

Schedule Tribes (ST) population %

to the total population 0.50 1.14 0.98 0.93

Total SC and ST population 39243 96962 164578 300783

% To the total SC and ST

population 5.92 8.85 16.33 10.87


Source: District Census Hand Book –2011

3.10.5 Literacy Levels

The data of study area reveals that literacy rate of 88.76% as per 2011 census,

which is found to be more than the districts of literacy (Hugli81.8%, North twenty

four parganas 84.1%). The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study

area is given in Table-3.10.3.

TABLE-3.10.3

DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES


Male population 344911 558793 513858 1417562

Female population 318477 536606 494187 1349270


Male population (0-6 years) 28758 44638 40287 113683





Female population (0-6 years) 26879 42577 38418 107874

Total population (0-6 years) 55637 87215 78705 221557

Total population above 7 years 607751 1008184 929340 2545275

Male literates (7+ years) 289812 469255 434478 1193545

Female literates (7+ years) 247950 423758 393882 1065590

Total literates (7+ years) 537762 893013 828360 2259135

Male literacy rate (%) to the

total literates 53.89 52.55 52.45 52.83

Female literacy rate (%) to the

total literates 46.11 47.45 47.55 47.17

Average male literacy to the

total population (%)

47.69 46.54 46.75 46.89

Average female literacy to the

total population (%)

40.80 42.03 42.38 41.87

Total literacy rate (%) to the

total population 88.48 88.58 89.13 88.76

Source: District Census Hand Book –2011

The percentage of male literates to the total literates of the study area works out

to be 52.83%. The percentage of female literates to the total literates, which is

an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 47.17% in the study

area as per 2011 census records.

3.10.6 Occupational Structure

The occupational structure of residents of work participation rate in the study

area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-

workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the

Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural labourers, those

engaged in live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing,

processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry,

construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other

services.

The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of

less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The

non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired

persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other

non-workers who do not fall under the above categories.

As Per 2011 Census Total work participation in the project study areas is 35.45%

and the non-workers constitute 64.55% of the total population respectively.The

distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the

predominant population. The female non workers to the total non-workers are

66.10% and male non- workers are 33.90%. In comparison to the districts work

participation rate (Hugli39.0%, North twenty four Parganas 35.7%), the study

area has recorded less work participation rate. The main workers to the total

workers are 89.91% and the marginal workers constitute to 10.09% to the total

workers. The occupational structure of the study area is shown in Table-3.10.4.




TABLE-3.10.4

OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE



Total workers 232533 378671 369544 980748

Total main workers 205724 340328 335701 881753

Total marginal workers 26809 38343 33843 98995

Total non-workers 430855 716728 638501 1786084

Non workers male 151558 246064 207786 605408

Non workers female 279297 470664 430715 1180676

Work participation rate (%) 35.05 34.57 36.66 35.45

% Of main workers to total workers 88.47 89.87 90.84 89.91

% Of marginal workers to total workers 11.53 10.13 9.16 10.09

% Of non-workers to total population 64.95 65.43 63.34 64.55

% Of male non workers to the total non workers 35.18 34.33 32.54 33.90

% Of female non workers to the total non workers 64.82 65.67 67.46 66.10

Source: District Census Hand Book-2011

3.10.7 Drinking Water facility in the study area

One of the most important factors responsible for the emergence of a settlement

is availability of water. Many water sources such as wells, hand pumps, tube well,

tank etc. are available in rural areas. In the villages under study, the main source

of water is tank, followed by tap. The water of the hand-pump is used for drinking

for animals, bathing and household purposes. There are fewer ponds in the area

and are mostly dry except for monsoon months. The water from the ponds is

generally not used by the villagers except for bathing animals.

It was reported that during the summer season, large number of wells become

dry and the major source of water in the villages during lean season are the hand

pumps and some deep borings. However, more than half the hand pumps in

these villages were not functional and required repair.

The study area 4.02% of villages are dependent on Tap water from un-treated

source and 24.25% of villages are dependent of tap water from treated source.

43.57% of villages are using hand pumps water, 0.45% of villages are using

covered well water, 0.40% of villages are using Un-covered well water, 25.68%

of villages are using tube well/ borehole water, 0.32% villagers are using

Tank/Pond/Lake water, 0.22% villages are using River canal water and 1.11% of

villages are dependent in other sources. The list of water sources is given in

Table-3.10.5 and village wide average main source of drinking water in given in

Annexure-XI.




TABLE-3.10.5

DRINKING WATER FACILITY OF THE STUDY AREA

Average Main Source of Drinking

Water 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km

Tap water from treated source 50.16 33.28 15.87 24.25

Tap water from un-treated source 9.70 2.63 3.64 4.02

Covered well 0.48 0.78 0.30 0.45

Un-covered well 0.45 1.05 0.11 0.40

Hand pump 21.03 28.86 53.85 43.57

Tube well/Borehole 17.22 32.00 24.38 25.68

Spring 0.10 0.15 0.03 0.07

River/Canal 0.17 0.33 0.18 0.22

Tank/Pond/Lake 0.20 0.16 0.41 0.32

Other sources 0.48 1.08 1.23 1.11

Source: Census of India 2011

3.10.7 Lighting facility in the study area

The lack of energy access also causes serious adverse effects on the socio-

economic condition of rural population. In particular, access to modern energy

like electricity will drastically improve the quality of life of those who do not have

yet. Street lighting provides a number of benefits such as reductions in on-street

accidents and crime, amenity (a feeling of warmth and security), streetscape

enhancements, and stimulation of the night-time trade. Some of these benefits

are likely to be largely related to the density of population and the level of traffic.

9.49% of the study area villages are dependent on kerosene only 87.90 % of the

study area is dependent with electricity, 1.63% of the study area is dependent on

solar energy, and 0.59% of the study area is no lighting sources. The lighting

facility of the study area is given in Table-3.10.6.

TABLE-3.10.6

LIGHTING FACILITY OF THE STUDY AREA

Main Source of lighting 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km

Electricity 94.06 87.27 87.11 87.90

Kerosene 3.47 9.67 10.45 9.49

Solar energy 1.81 1.83 1.52 1.63

Other oil 0.15 0.18 0.30 0.25

Any other 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.13

No lighting 0.42 0.95 0.47 0.59


3.10.8 Drainage Facilities

Removing storm water and household wastewater (sometimes called "sullage") is

an important environmental health intervention for reducing disease. Poorly

drained storm water forms stagnant pools that provide breeding sites for disease

vectors. Because of this, some diseases are more common in the wet season than

the dry season. Household wastewater may also contain pathogens that can

pollute groundwater sources, increasing the risk of diseases such as lymphatic




filariasis. Poor drainage can lead to flooding, resulting in property loss, and

people may even be forced to move to escape floodwaters. Flooding may also

damage water supply infrastructure and contaminate domestic water sources.

In the study area, 57 villages, 13 municipalities, 32 cities (CT) and Barrackpur

Cantonment (CB) areas are falling but 9.32% area is having closed drainage

system, 41.14% area is having open drainage facilities and 49.55% area

drainage facilities are not available. The drainage facilities are given in Table-

3.10.7.

TABLE-3.10.7

DRAINAGE FACILITIES

Waste water outlet connected to 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km

Closed drainage 16.10 9.86 7.91 9.32

Open drainage 68.38 36.78 38.36 41.14

No drainage 15.52 53.36 53.73 49.55



Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures


4.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Identification of Impacts This chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts from the proposed expansion project. The environmental impacts are categorized as either primary or secondary impacts. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly to the project and secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed pattern of social and economic activities by the proposed action. The impacts have been assessed for the proposed expansion project assuming that the pollution due to the existing activities has already been covered under baseline environmental monitoring and continue to remain same till the operation of the project. The construction and operational phase of the proposed project comprises various activities, each of which may have an impact on some or all environmental parameters. Various impacts during the construction and operation phase on the environment have been studied listed along with mitigating measures in the subsequent sections.

4.2 Impacts during Installation Phase

During installation phase, the activities related to leveling of site and installation of related structures and related equipment.

4.2.1 Impact on Topography and Land Use

The proposed site is flat area, filling will be balanced within the plant area. No major change in topography of the site is envisaged due to proposed plant erection. The land required is already taken under lease from ICI India Limited in 1989. No habitation area exists in the land allocated for proposed capacity augmentation project. Apart from the change in land use pattern within the project site there will not be any adverse impact on the surrounding land use during the construction period.

4.2.2 Impact on Soil

The installation activities will result in loss of topsoil to some extent in the plant area. Apart from localized installation impacts at the plant site, no adverse impacts on soil in the surrounding area are anticipated.

4.2.3 Impact on Air Quality

The main sources of emission during the installation period are the movement of equipment at site and dust emitted during the leveling, grading, earthwork and foundation works. Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed during the installation phase is also likely to result in marginal increase in the levels of PM, SO2, NOx and CO. The impact will be for short duration and confined within the plant boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the plant boundaries. The impact will, however, be reversible, marginal and temporary in nature. Proper maintenance of vehicles and equipment will help in controlling the gaseous emissions. Water sprinkling on roads will prevent fugitive dust.




4.2.4 Impact on Water Resources and Water Quality

No major streams/ canals exists in the plant site. No diversion of stream or any other water body is envisaged for plant operations and hence, no adverse impact is envisaged on water resources of the area. The present surface and ground water resources are likely to be contaminated due to non-point discharges of solids from soil loss and sewage generated from the construction work force stationed at the site. However, as the construction will be carried out on the flat terrain, the soil losses will be negligible. Further, the construction will be more related to mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection; hence, the water requirements would be meager. Temporary sanitation facilities (septic tanks and soak pits) will be set-up for disposal of sanitary sewage generated by the work force like drivers etc. The overall impact on water environment during installation phase due to proposed project is likely to be short term and insignificant.

4.2.5 Impact on Noise Levels

Traffic for loading and unloading, fabrication and handling of equipment and materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. The areas affected are those close to the plant site. However, the noise generation during construction phase of the project will be temporary and will be restricted mostly to daytime. The noise control measures during installation phase include provision of acoustic enclosures around the equipment and regular maintenance of the equipment.

4.2.6 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology

No agricultural land exists in the project area. Greenbelt will be developed to improve the aesthetic value in the area and to screen out the fugitive dust generated during construction. However, such impacts will be confined to the plant site and will be minimized through paving and water sprinkling.

4.2.7 Impact on Socio-Economics

No human displacement or acquisition of agricultural land is envisaged for the proposed capacity augmentation project. The requirement of unskilled manpower will be met from nearby villages during installation phase. The project will also help in generation of indirect employment apart from direct employment. This will be a positive socio-economic development for the region.

4.2.8 Conclusion

As discussed above, the impacts during the installation phase will be localized and temporary in nature, which can be totally mitigated and reversible with appropriate mitigation measures.




4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase

The proposed plant operation will involve capacity augmentation from 11,000 TPA to 22,000 TPA of manufacturing specialty chemicals. The following activities related to the operational phase will have varying impacts on the environment and are considered for impact assessment: Land use; Soil quality; Topography and climate; Air quality; Water resources and quality; Solid waste; Noise levels; Terrestrial and aquatic ecology; Demography and socio-economics; and Infrastructural facilities.

4.3.1 Impact on Land Use

The proposed project activity is within the existing plant premises which fall under industrial category. However, there is no impact on land use due to the proposed project during the operational phase.

4.3.2 Impact on Soil

Most of the impacts of proposed plant on soils are restricted to the installation phase, which will get stabilized during operational phase. There is no source of dust generation during the operation of intermediate plant. The impact on the topsoil will be confined to the proposed expansion area. The fugitive dust generated during plant operation, material handling and from the truck movement is within the premises of the plant area.

4.3.3 Topography and Climate

The area of the plant site is plain and it will be maintained same even in the post-project scenario. There will not be any topographical changes during operation of the project.

4.3.4 Impact on Air Quality

The impact on air quality is assessed based on combined emissions of the proposed plant along with the present baseline data. Particulate Matter (PM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) are important air pollutants emitted by existing and operating plant. The chemical plant will have 2 nos of Steam generators and 1 no of DG set. Hence, no specific air emissions from proposed unit.




4.3.4.1Assessment of Emissions The impact on air quality is assessed based on emissions from existing unit.

Particulate Matter (PM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) are the important air pollutants emitted. Details of Mathematical Modelling For prediction of maximum Ground Level Concentrations (GLC’s), the air dispersion modeling software (AERMOD version 7.1.0) was used. AERMOD is steady state advanced Gaussian plume model that simulates air quality and deposition fields upto 50 km radius. AERMOD is approved by USEPA and is widely used software. It is an advanced version of Industrial Source Complex (ISCST3) model, utilizes similar input and output structure to ISCST3 sharing many of the same features, as well as offering additional features. The model is applicable to rural and urban areas, flat and complex terrain, surface and elevated releases and multiple sources including point, area, flare, line and volume sources. Dispersion modeling using AERMOD requires hourly meteorological data. Site specific data recorded during winter season 2017 at site is used for executing modeling studies. The site specific meteorological data is processed using AERMET processor. Model Set-up The model set-up details are presented in Table-4.1.

TABLE-4.1 MODEL SET-UP

Sr. No. Parameter Details

1 Model Name AERMOD (Version 7.1.0)

2 Model Type Steady state Gaussian Plume Air Dispersion model

3 Topography Rural, Flat

4 Averaging Time 24 hours

5 Source Type Point Source

6 Boundary Limits 10 km X 10 km

7 Co-ordinate System Uniform Polar Grid

8 Receptor Height 0

9 Anemometer 10 m

10 Surface meteorological data Site Specific data processed by AERMET

11 Upper air Data Upper air Estimator using AERMET processor

Model Input Data The details of existing and proposed stack emissions are given in Table-4.2.




TABLE-4.2 STACK EMISSION DETAILS

Sr. No

Stack Details

Release Height

(m)

Emission Rate (mg/nm3)

Gas Exit Temperatur

e (C)

Stack Dia (m)

Gas Exit Velocity (m/s)

Qty of Gas

(Nm3/hr) SO2 NOx PM10

1 Steam generator-1

15 107 78 72 124 0.4 11.6 3818

2 DG Set – 1 nos (1010 KVA)

32 145 108 44 142 0.35 10.07 2383

3 Steam generator-2

15 97 64 65 131 0.4 13.65 4348

Source: Nalco Water

The simulations have been carried out to evaluate SO2, NOx and PM contributed by the project. For the short-term simulations, the concentrations were estimated to obtain an optimum description of variations in concentrations over the site in 10 km radius covering 16 directions. The predicted results for PM, SO2 and NOx are presented in Table-4.3 and isopleths showing the incremental concentrations are shown in Figure-4.1 to Figure-4.3.




FIGURE-4.1 ISOPLETH SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATION FOR PM10




FIGURE-4.2

ISOPLETH SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATION FOR SO2




FIGURE-4.3 ISOPLETH SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATION FOR NOx




TABLE-4.3 PREDICTED SHORT-TERM MODELLING RESULTS (24 HOURLY)

Pollutants Maximum Incremental Levels (µg/m3)

Distance (km)

Direction

Particulate Matter 0.80 1 S

Sulphur Dioxide 1.15 1 S

Nitrogen Oxides 0.80 1 S

Resultant Concentrations after Implementation of Project The resultant concentrations after the implementation of the proposed project are given in Table-4.4.

TABLE-4.4 RESULTANT GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS (24 HOURLY)

Pollutant Concentrations (µg/m3)

Max Baseline Conc.

Incremental Concentration

Resultant NAAQS Limits

PM10 45.8 0.80 46.6 100

SO2 14.6 1.15 15.7 80

NOx 18.3 0.80 19.1 80

The incremental concentrations when superimposed over the existing maximum baseline concentrations, the resultant concentrations are observed to be within the permissible levels for residential/rural conditions.

4.3.4.2 Fugitive Emissions The details of expected fugitive emissions are given in Table-4.5.

TABLE-4.5 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS

Sr.No Unit Preventive Measures

1 Steam as vapor from process during operation

Steam is generated in steam generator and being used for reactor heating in some reaction process. The steam is going to jacket of coil of the reactor for heating purpose.

Source: Nalco

Work Zone Monitoring Airborne contaminants can present a significant threat to worker health and safety. Thus, identification and quantification of these contaminants through air monitoring is an essential component of a health and safety program at a hazardous waste site. Reliable measurements of airborne contaminants are useful for: Selecting personal protective equipment;

Delineating areas where protection is needed;




Assessing the potential health effects of exposure; and

Determining the need for specific medical monitoring.

Work zone studies are under implantation in operating plant and the same will be strengthened for the proposed expansion project also

4.3.5 Impact of Traffic on Air Quality

The raw material required for the proposed expansion of specialty chemicals manufacturing and transportation details are given below in Table-4.6. The vehicular density is given in Table-4.6.

TABLE-4.6 VEHICULAR DENSITY

Sr.No Product TPA TPD Vehicles per day

1 Raw material and finished products 22,000 60 6

Source: Nalco Water

It is envisaged that a maximum of 6 number of trucks per day (to & fro 12 trucks per day) is envisaged for transportation of raw material and finished goods in proposed unit with 16 tonne truck capacity (max size), 365 days. The major pollutants expected from the traffic are carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen. The incremental concentration due to the additional trucks has been computed by using AERMOD. The model is based on Gaussian diffusion equation and uses a mixing zone concept to characterize pollutant dispersion over the roadway. The model has been extensively tested for its predictive capability for traffic related air quality impacts. The model can reliably predict pollutant concentrations for the receptors located within 2 m of the roadway. The emission standards for Indian vehicles in the year 2000 as proposed by the Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP) have been used to provide the emission factors for the different vehicle types. Emission factors after accounting for the vehicle speeds are as specified in Table-4.7.

TABLE-4.7 EMISSION FACTORS FOR VEHICULAR TRAFFIC

Emissions Speed (km/hr)

30 40 50 60 70 80

CO 1.23 1.01 0.98 0.82 0.52 0.43

NOX 2.12 2.04 1.75 1.21 1.01 9.2 All the values are given in g/km/vehicle, to be multiplied by 1.6 for converting into g/mile for use in AERMOD

The Right of Way (ROW) of the road is considered to be about 7.0 m. Similarly, the average vehicle speed is considered as 40 kmph. The receptor locations have been chosen to account for its location with respect to centre of the road.




The AERMOD modelling has been carried out for the peak incremental traffic load of Peak 8 trucks per day (to & fro), for the pollutants of carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen. The modelling results are given in Table-4.8.

TABLE-4.8 INCREMENTAL PEAK HOURLY AIR POLLUTION

DUE TO ADDITIONAL TRAFFIC

Sr. No. Parameter Concentration (g/m3)

1 Carbon Monoxide 7.4

2 Oxides of Nitrogen 10.2

It can be observed that the maximum hourly concentrations of CO and NOx due to the additional traffic load would be about 7.4 g/m3 and 10.2 g/m3 respectively,

likely to occur at 2 m from the centre of the road. The CO and NOx concentrations are likely to be very low when compared with the NAAQ standards for CO (4000 g/m3) and WHO standard of 400 g/m3 for hourly average for NOx. Hence, it is

assessed that the impact on the present ambient air quality will be within the limits due to the additional traffic from the proposed expansion. With present level of traffic and the predicted increase in existing traffic due to the project, adequacy of road/highway during operational phase of the plant has been estimated by comparison with the recommendations stipulated by Indian Road Congress (IRC). The IRC recommendations on traffic capacity are presented in Table-4.9.

TABLE-4.9 RECOMMENDATIONS ON TRAFFIC CAPACITY - IRC

Sr. No.

Category of Road Maximum Carrying Capacity (PCU/day)

1 Two lane roads (7 m) with earthen shoulders 15,000

2 4-lane highway with earthen shoulders 35,000

The estimated peak traffic in terms of PCUs i.e., 24 PCU is compared with the stipulated standards by IRC for traffic capacity of the roads and it can be observed that the existing road network will be well adequate to cater to the increased traffic. The impact of traffic on air quality will be very marginal.

4.3.6 Impact on Water Resources and Water Quality

The water requirement for the proposed expansion within the existing plant is mainly for equipment cooling as well as for drinking, sanitary and firefighting purposes and processing of products. The total water demand for the project after the proposed capacity augmentation is about 110 m3/day which will be met through ground water. The breakup of water requirement is given in Table-4.10. Water balance diagram is shown in Figure-4.4.




TABLE-4.10 BREAKUP OF WATER REQUIREMENT AFTER PROPOSED AUGEMENTATION

Sr. No

Description Existing (m3/day)

Proposed (m3/day)

Total (m3/day)

1 Process 30 28 58

Cooling 8 8 16

Domestic 19 7 26

2 Green belt development

8 2 10

Total 65 45 110

Source: NALCO

The effluent discharge details are given in Table-4.11.

TABLE-4.11 DETAILS OF WASTEWATER GENERATION & TREATMENT

Sr.No Nature Existing Quantity (m3/day)

Proposed Augmentation

Quantity (m3/day)

Remarks

1 Industrial 32 20 Being treated in ETP and utilized in the plant operations

2 Domestic 18 6 Will be treated in STP and utilized for gardening

Total 50 26 Will be 100% utilized (Working on the concept of zero discharge)

Source: NALCO

Wastewater Treatment: The raw effluent is first received at bar screen where large solids and other foreign matters are removed. The effluent thereafter is received in effluent collection pit and transfer to equalization-cum-neutralization tank by pump. This is to neutralize the effluent and to maintain the uniformity in the physico-chemical characteristics before it is further directed to subsequent units. The effluent in Equalization tank is aerated by rotary air blower. The neutralized and equalized effluent is then pumped to corrugated plate separator through the series of coagulant and flocculent dosing system. In corrugated plate separator, the all separable solid sludge moves towards the bottom and slides down into the bottom of the process tank from where it is drained out to sludge drying beds for dewatering and drying. The effluent from corrugated plate separator is fed to the aeration tank which is designed as a Continuous Flow Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) to achieve complete mixing and uniform oxygen transfer. The mixed liquor from the aeration tank is




received in the secondary clarifier by gravity. In the secondary clarifier, the effluent is separated from biological solids. The clarified effluent from secondary clarifier is collected in a pit and as treated effluent maintaining all specifications set by WBPCB and recycled back to plant for operations, maintaining an online ETP discharge water monitoring system and the online data directly connected to CPCB & WBPCB cloud server. The settled sludge in the secondary clarifier is mechanically scrapped off and pushed into the central sludge pit. The required amount of biological sludge is recirculate back into the inlet of the aeration tank and excess sludge is transferred in the sludge drying beds. The sludge from corrugated plate separator is also received in the sludge drying beds. The dried sludge cakes from sludge drying beds are removed manually and disposed through authorized vendors like WBWML, Haldia, West Bengal.

Effluent from plant Treated water recycled back to plant for operation.

FIGURE-4.4 FLOW DIAGRAM OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

Bar Screen Effluent

Collection Pit

Equalization

Tank

Lime Dosing

Coagulant Dosing

Flocculent Dosing

Lamella

Clarifier

Aerator Clarifier

Sludge Bed -1 Sludge Bed-2

Bed – 1 Bed - 2




The photographs showing existing effluent treatment plant is given in Figure-4.5.

FIGURE-4.5 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING WASTEWATER TREATEMENT SYSTEM




4.3.6.1 Impact on Surface and Ground Water Quality The water balance and wastewater generation details have been discussed in Chapter-2. The wastewater generated in the plant area will be utilized in plant activities. However, no discharge is envisaged into any fresh water bodies. Hence, no impact is envisaged on surface river water quality. The total domestic / sanitary / service wastewater will be about 24-26 m3/day, will be suitably treated and utilized for greenbelt development and dust suppression. The storm water in the project area will be collected through storm water drains and collected in the storm water tank. The stored storm water will be utilized in the plant operation resulting in conservation of fresh water. The overflow be led to sub-soil in order to improve the fresh water table. The rain water in the green belt area will also be so managed as to help in enriching water table by avoiding free flow.

4.3.6.2 Impact on Drainage of the Area The drainage of the study area is mainly drained by Hooghly river and its tributaries. The Hooghly river which is 1.3 km, E from the project site.

The proposed rain water harvesting in the project area will conserve the maximum quantity of rainwater run-off. All the storm water drains are maintained with lock gates. The rain and dust suppression water run-off from the storage area will be clarified in settling tank and the clear water will be routed to equalization tank. Hence, there is no impact on the drainage system in the area due to the proposed expansion project.

4.3.7 Impact of Solid Wastes

The hazardous and non-hazardous waste generated from the process is given in Table-4.12.

TABLE-4.12 SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL

POST AUGMENTATION SCENARIO

Sr. No Category of Waste

Source Quantity/ month

Disposal Method

1 Category #34.3 ETP sludge 1 ton Will be disposed to authorized dealer (WBWML)

2 Category #5.1 Used/spent oil 20 L in MS drums

Will be disposed to authorized dealer.

3 Category # 34.3

General polymeric waste – rinse water for latex polymers

15-20 tons Stored in HDPE tote and disposed to authorized dealer (WBWML)

Source: NALCO

The sludge from soak pit will be dried and used as manure for greenbelt maintenance. With the implementation of the above precautionary measures, the impacts on the environment due to solid waste disposal can be controlled.




4.3.8 Impact on Noise Levels

The noise levels at the source for these units will be in the range of 55-65 dB(A). The noise dispersion from the plant units has been computed based on the mathematical model.

4.3.8.1 Presentation of Results

The predicted noise levels at the boundary due to various plant activities do not exceed 30 dB (A). There will not be any adverse impact due to the noise generation on the habitations falling on the boundary of the proposed project. It is seen from the simulation results that the noise levels are well within the CPCB standards. Impact on Occupational Health The damage risk criteria as enforced by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to reduce hearing loss, stipulates that the noise levels upto 90 dB(A) are acceptable for 8-hour working per shift per day. There are no high noise equipments in the proposed plant, except few sections like blending units. However, impacts on the working personnel are not expected to be significant on account of the high level of automation of the plant, which means that workers will be exposed for short duration only that too intermittently. Equipments will be provided with silencers. Workers will be provided with necessary protection devices eg. Ear plugs, ear muffs etc.

4.3.9 Prediction of Impacts on Socio-Economics

The requirement of unskilled manpower will be met from nearby villages during installation and operation phase. The project will also help in generation of indirect employment apart from direct employment. This will be a positive socio-economic development for the region. There will be a general upliftment of standard of living in the region.

4.3.10 Impacts on Public Health and Safety

The discharge of waste materials (stack emission, wastewater and solid wastes) from process operations is expected to be insignificant and may not have potential impact on public safety and health. The adverse impacts on ambient air and soil quality are predicted to be low.

4.4 Environmental Management Plan 4.4.1 Introduction

The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the area of the proposed plant area. Hence, it needs to be an all encompassive plan for which the proposed plants, government, regulating agencies like pollution control board working in the region and more importantly the affected population of the study area need to extend their cooperation and contribution. The




identification and quantification of impacts based on scientific and mathematical modeling has been presented in Section-4.3 above. At the industry level, pollution control measures include in-built process control measures before discharge into receiving bodies.

The environment management action plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the possible extent with the available and affordable technology followed by treatment measures before they are discharged. Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall management plan for the study area are elicited so as to improve the supportive capacity of the study area and also to preserve the assimilative capacity of the receiving bodies. The affected environmental attributes in the region include air quality, water quality, soil, land use, ecology and public health. The following additional mitigation measures are proposed in order to synchronize the economic development of the study area with the environmental protection of the region.

4.4.2 Summary of Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts and mitigation measures are given in Table-4.13.

TABLE-4.13

ANTICIPATED ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

Discipline Potential Negative Impacts

Probable Source

Mitigative Measures

Remarks

Operational Impact

Water Quality Deterioration of surface water quality

Nil All process generated washing water are reused in the plant. Hence, no wastewater generated as process effluents.

The total domestic / sanitary / service wastewater will be suitably treated and utilized for greenbelt development, fire fighting etc.

Air Quality Increase in PM, SO2 & NOx levels in ambient air.

Vapour emissions and stockyards.

Scrubbers will be installed for neutralization of acid related vapours coming from reactors. Stack/vents will be provided for the proper dispersion of pollutants. Motorable roads in the plant area will be paved to reduce dust emission. Afforestation programs will be undertaken around

The resultant air quality will conform to the stipulated standards. Particulate emission from stack will be kept below 30 mg/Nm3.




Discipline Potential Negative Impacts

Probable Source

Mitigative Measures

Remarks

the plant area. Dust suppression measures will be implemented to control fugitive emissions

Solid waste/Hazardous waste

Canteen Scrap containers & polymeric waste & moist sludge

Canteen waste will be composted and used as manure for greenbelt maintenance. Will be sold to authorised dealers (WBWML)

Ecology

Terrestrial Impact on plant species

Emissions from stack

Emission will be controlled as well as dispersed through appropriate design.

As Ambient air quality will be within limits, no active injury to the vegetation is expected

Noise levels Increase in noise levels in the plant area.

Equipment in main plant and auxiliaries.

Equipment will be designed to conform to noise levels prescribed by regulatory agencies. Provision of green belt and plantation would further help in attenuating noise.

Employees working in high noise areas would be provided earplugs/ earmuffs as protective device.

Demography and Socio-economics

Strain on existing amenities like housing, water sources and sanitation, medical and infrastructure facilities.

Influx of people of proposed plant employees as well as contractor's employees/ labourers.

Local population will be given preference in awarding work. No significant impact is envisaged. Additional facilities will be developed by the project proponents.

Overall socio-economic status of the area is expected to improve.

4.4.3 Environmental Management during Installation

The impacts during the installation phase on the environment would be basically of transient nature and are expected to reduce gradually on completion of the construction activities.

4.4.3.1 Site Preparation

The project site terrain is flat and plain. No construction activity involved.




4.4.3.2 Water Quality

This is likely to increase the suspended solids in the run-off during heavy precipitation. There is no likelihood of ground water contamination as there will not be any process effluents during construction.

4.4.3.3 Air Quality

The transport vehicles using petrol or diesel shall be properly maintained to minimize smoke in the exhaust. Water sprinkling is proposed to address this issue. No construction activity involved.

4.4.3.4 Noise

The noise impact on the surrounding population during the installation phase will be within the acceptable limits. High noise generating equipment, if used, shall not be operated during the night to eliminate any possible discomfort to the nearby residents. Community noise levels are not likely to be affected because of the vegetation and likely attenuation due to the physical barriers. The following recommendations shall be implemented: Provision for insulating caps and aids at the exit of noise source on the

machinery; The use of damping materials such as thin rubber/lead sheet for shielding the

work places like compressors, generator sheets; Adoption of shock absorbing techniques to reduce impact; Provision of Inlet and outlet mufflers which are easy to design; and Provision of earmuffs to the workers and enforcement of its use by the

workers.

4.4.3.5 Ecological Aspects

No construction activities involved. However, this will be mitigated by proper land scaping and extensive plantation along periphery of the plant. Similarly, aquatic life observed in the nearby streams is common in nature and these do not harbor any endangered species. A comprehensive greenbelt programme will improve the ecological condition of the region.

4.4.3.6 Site Security

Adequate security arrangement shall be made to ensure that the local inhabitants and the stray cattle are not exposed to the potential hazards.

4.4.3.7 Migrant Laborers

Safe and secure camping area shall be provided for the migrant laborers. Contractors shall be directed to provide adequate arrangements for water supply, sanitation and cooking fuels.




The site shall be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet facilities for workers to allow proper standards of hygiene. These facilities would be connected to a septic tank and maintained to ensure minimum environmental impact. As discussed above, the impacts during the installation phase are marginal localized and temporary in nature, which can be totally mitigated and reversible with appropriate mitigation measures.

4.5 Management during Operational Stage

The environment management in the design stage endeavors to mitigate the problems related to health, safety and environment at the process technology selection stage and at the design stage. The proposed plant facilities will be designed taking into account all applicable standards/norms both for regulatory and safety purpose. Environment management at design stage includes all the steps undertaken at the design stage by the project proponents to meet the statutory requirements and towards minimizing environmental impacts. The design basis for all process units will lay special emphasis on measures to minimize effluent generation and emission control at source. The specific control measures related to gaseous emissions, liquid effluent discharges, noise generation, solid waste disposal etc. are described below:

4.5.1 Air Quality Management 4.5.1.1 Reduction of Emission at Source

Major pollutants envisaged from the proposed plant are particulate matter, SO2 & NOx. The baseline ambient air quality levels in the project area are within the permissible limits as specified by regulating agency. The following methods of abatement will be employed for the air pollution control: Particulate matter shall be controlled below 30 mg/Nm3 by providing efficient

bag filters and scrubbers; Further, a stack/vent of adequate height shall be provided for adequate

dispersion of pollutants; Adequate dust suppression system shall be installed in the material handling

system transfer points; Greenbelt shall be provided around the plant area. Plantation along the internal

roads in the plant premises will also be undertaken; All the internal roads shall be concreted / asphalted to reduce the fugitive dust

due to vehicular movement; and Water spraying will be practiced frequently at stockyard.

Control Measures for Emissions Vapour is completely absorbed in water scrubbing system. These are very

effectively scrubbed in water and alkali scrubbers. At appropriate location online




sensors are also provided to monitor and control the effectiveness of the scrubbing systems.

4.5.1.2 Stack/vent Gas Monitoring

The emissions from the stack will be continuously monitored for exit concentration of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter. Sampling ports shall be provided in the stacks according to CPCB guidelines. A stack/vent of adequate height shall be provided for adequate dispersion of pollutants.

4.5.1.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The concentration of particulate matter and other gaseous pollutants in the ambient air outside the project boundaries and in the adjoining villages shall be monitored as per the direction of the State Pollution Control Board. The data shall be statistically analyzed.

4.5.1.4 Meteorological Observations

The dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, rainfall and solar radiation shall be monitored and recorded daily.

4.6 Odour Management Plan The manufacturing involves chemical storage, handling and reactions, which may generate odour. Best Management Practices (BMP) will help in reducing the odour. a) Chemical Storage The unit will involve use of chemicals like organic phosphonate salts, organic acids and salts, aliphatic amines etc. Effective management techniques such as provision of chiller system, underground storage, installation of breather valves etc would be explored. b) Reaction and Processing Area In the plant, chemical handling and charging into reactors would be preferred by closed system as far as practicable. Proper ventilation system in reaction and processing areas will also be implemented to control the odour in work zone area. In case of point sources such as odour-causing gas stream can be collected through piping and ventilation system and made available for treatment such as mist filtration, adsorption and wet scrubbing etc. Depending upon the source of the odour one of the above suitable method will be adopted. The treated gases would be emitted from a sufficient of stack/vent for adequate dispersion. c) Treatment Area During the chemical / biological treatment of wastewater streams, the chances of odour generation remains within the process area, this would be taken care by efficient operational controls.




The process streams may pose a possibility of odour generation, which would be taken care by effective process control and by recycling / reuse and fugitive emission will be absorbed through scrubbing system. The treated gases would be emitted from a sufficient of stack/vent for adequate dispersion.

4.6.1 Water and Wastewater Management 4.6.1.1 Water Requirement and Wastewater Generation

The total water requirement for the plant is about 65 m3/day and are being drawn from bore well. The additional water requirement for the proposed augmentation project will be about 45 m3/day. The total water requirement will be 110 m3/day.

4.6.1.2 Water Conservation Measures

The treated wastewater will be used for dust suppression in plant area and for greenbelt development.

4.6.1.3 Monitoring of Water Consumption Continuous efforts shall be made to reduce the fresh water consumption and

thereby to reduce the wastewater generation. Flow meter shall be installed at all major water consumption points and the flow rates shall be continuously monitored. Periodic water audits shall be conducted to explore the possibilities for minimization of water consumption.

4.6.1.4 Wastewater Treatment

The domestic waste water therefore mostly comprised of canteen waste, waste from toilets and washing places. The toilets are connected to septic tanks. Since there is hardly any fiscal matter, the waste does not require elaborate treatment it will be mixed with the treated industrial waste water and will be used for gardening and irrigation. Scrubber Operation

Steam as vapors escapes from process which passes through alkaline scrubber, where all the acids are neutralized.

TABLE-4.14

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AT PLANT

Type of Waste Significant Parameters

Treatment Proposed

Condenser cooling water Temperature The water will be collected in common holding sump and subsequently diluted and temperature will be brought down

Demineralization Plant Waste

pH TDS

pH neutralization and mixing with lime water which is common to existing plant

Sanitary Effluents BOD TSS

Sanitary effluents will be sent to soak pits / septic tank




Discharge characteristics are given below in Table-4.15.

TABLE-4.15 CHARECTERISTICS OF LIQUID WASTE

Sr.No Nature of effluent Parameters Observations

1 Domestic pH 5.5-9.0

Total suspended solids 100 mg/l

BOD ( 3 day at 270C) <30 mg/l

COD <250 mg/l

Oil & grease <10 mg/l

2 Industrial pH 5.5-9.0

TSS <100 mg/l

BOD <30 mg/l

COD <250 mg/l

Oil & grease <10 mg/l

Cu <3 mg/l

Zn3 <5 mg/l

PO34 <5 mg/l

Key initiative to reduce the water consumption is given in Table-4.16.

TABLE-4.16 INTIATIVE TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMPTION

Key Action items Status Remark / Benefits.

Treated water recycling from ETP after treatment for plant operation viz. water ring vacuum pump operation, dilution to raw effluent, fire-pond water as make up, gardening and floor washing etc.

In progress and now we are recycling @ 100% treated water.

It reduces Water consumption by using recycled water

Effective production schedule to run consecutive batches in one go to reduce water wash / boil out frequency.

In progress Sometimes due to forecast inaccuracy & RM non-availability, it is not happening 100% but efforts is on. It reduces water, energy consumption & OEE loss hours on set up time with reduced wash/boil out frequency.

Encouraging to take higher batch size volume depending on vessel capacity

In progress Sometimes it is not happening due to less market demand with respect to batch size volume but efforts are on. It reduces water & power consumption.

Transfer of boil out water from one vessel to other depending on opportunity.

In progress Depends on opportunity. It reduces water & energy consumption.

Awareness to the shop floor associates through training,, counseling etc.

Completed It helps to avoid mis- utilization through awareness.

Source: NALCO

NALCO maintain online water circuit monitoring system which is shown in Figure-4.6.




FIGURE-4.6

ONLINE CIRCUIT MONITOIRNG SYSTEM




Treated water recycling system is shown in Figure-4.7.

FIGURE-4.7 WATER RECYCLING SYSTEM




4.6.2 Rain Water Harvesting 4.6.2.1Groundwater Recharge with Rain Water Harvesting

There will be generation of surface run-off from the proposed plant facility during monsoon season. The run-off from the paved surfaces of the proposed facility will be routed through a carefully designed storm water drainage network and collected in storm water collection sump and excess rainwater will be discharged into bore wells constructed on these internal drains. For augmenting the ground water resources in the proposed plant, a number of rainwater harvesting bore wells will be connected to the internal drains and excess rain water flowing in the drains will be diverted to these bore wells. These structures will, facilitate percolation of water into the ground, thus augmenting the groundwater sources. This will result in increase in groundwater tables.

To facilitate water harvesting, collection and storage of rainwater and also reduction in water consumption, the following measures will be adopted:

The storm water treatment facility will be located at an appropriate location on

the site keeping in view the slope contours and collection point;

Use of low flow fixtures and appliances for reduced water consumption such as low flush water closets and cistern will be considered;

Sewage generated will be treated in the sewage treatment plant and reused for green belt to reduce the fresh water requirement;

The storm water from paved areas will be treated for the removal of oil & grease and sediments and routed to the water harvesting structures to recharge the ground water table;

The storm water from the pervious area will also be routed to the rainwater harvesting structures;

The storm water in rainy season will be stored to the maximum extent and utilized in fire fighting facility and balance will be routed to rain water harvesting structure after treatment; and

In general, dry cleaning methods would be practiced in workshop and maintenance areas for cleaning. High-pressure hoses will be used for area cleaning, only where required.

4.6.3 Noise Level Management

The predicted resultant noise levels due to the proposed plant over the baseline will be less than 50 dB (A) near the plant boundaries in all the directions. The specifications for procuring major noise generating machines/equipment shall include built in design requirements to have minimum noise levels meeting Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) requirement. Appropriate noise barriers/shields, silencers etc. shall be provided in the equipment, wherever




feasible. Noise emanating from noisy equipment shall be adequately attenuated by enclosure, insulation etc.

Recommendations

The use of damping materials such as thin rubber/lead sheet for wrapping the work places like turbine halls, compressor rooms etc.;

Shock absorbing techniques shall be adopted to reduce impact;

Efficient flow techniques for noise associated with high fluid velocities and turbulence shall be used (like reduction in noise generated by control levels in both gas and liquid systems achieved by reducing system pressure to as low as possible);

All the openings like covers, partitions shall be acoustically sealed;

Inlet and outlet mufflers shall be provided which are easy to design and construct;

Ear plugs shall be provided to workmen working near high noise generating sources;

Noise levels shall be reduced by the use of absorbing material on roof walls and floors;

Provision of separate cabins for workers/operators; and

The plant compound shall be thickly vegetated with species of rich canopy.

4.6.4 Solid Waste Management

Empty drums, containers etc., will be washed thoroughly with suitable solvent before selling them to government authorized recyclers/agencies. The wash water will be treated and material will be reused in process. The possible hazardous, waste which will be generated from the proposed unit is the used/spent oil from generator sets which has been classified as hazardous under waste category 5.1 as per Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules, 2008. The used oil will be collected in a shock proof, puncture proof, tear and wear proof as well as tight barrels, which will be disposed off through authorized government agencies. Proper precautions will be in place for storage and transportation of hazardous chemicals. The industry will employ efficient plan for hazardous waste management in compliance to the hazardous wastes (Management, Handling & Trans-boundary Movement) Rules 2012.

4.6.5 Energy Conservation Measures

Energy conservation measures would be implemented to ensure that the use of non-renewable resources is minimized. A key component of achieving energy




conservation would be the development of an Energy Management Action Plan. This plan would be included as part of the Operational EMP. The Energy Management Action Plan would be consistent with the energy conservation measures during both construction and operation phase.

4.6.5.1 Energy Conservation during Installation Phase

The following mitigation measures would be undertaken during installation works.

o Efficient work scheduling and methods that minimise equipment idle time and double handling of material;

o Throttling down and switching off operational equipment when not in use; o Switching off truck engines while they are waiting to access the site and while

they are waiting to be loaded and unloaded; o Switching off site office equipment and lights and using optimum lighting

intensity for security and safety purposes; o Careful design of temporary roads to reduce transportation distances; o Regular maintenance of equipment to ensure optimum operations and fuel

efficiency.

4.6.5.2Energy Conservation during Operation Phase

The following mitigation measures would be implemented during site operations:

Design of buildings and terminal layout would aim to achieve the following energy efficiencies:

Employing renewable energy sources such as day lighting and passive solar heating;

Designing roads on the site to reduce transportation distances.

4.6.5.3 Energy Efficient Equipment

Large energy savings could be achieved in using energy efficient equipment. The following actions are examples of how energy savings could be achieved by the terminal operator(s):

Using energy efficient electrical appliances; Installing lighting control devices where appropriate and linking to

photoelectric dimming; and Providing sufficient energy metering and switching for energy management.

Energy would also be conserved through efficiency in work schedules and practices such as:

Use of modern container yard management systems for the efficient stacking

and retrieval of containers and to minimise vehicles waiting times; Road transport scheduling to minimise energy use and wastage, e.g.

increasing backloading and minimizing waiting times; Switching off truck engines while they are waiting to access the site and while

these are waiting to be loaded and unloaded; Throttling down and switching off idle equipment;




Regular maintenance of all powered equipment to ensure appropriate fuel consumption rates; and

Communication and education of energy conservation measures to employees.

4.7 Environment Management Practices at Existing Plant

Total area allotted for the plant is about 5 acres. Existing greenbelt & green cover area is 0.65 acres. List of plant species in the existing plant is given in Table-4.16. Greenbelt/greencover development in the existing plant is given in Figure-4.8. Existing plant environmental management practices are given below in brief: On-line monitoring of ETP discharge water parameter (pH, COD, BOD, TSS,

Flow). Treated water recycling for non-critical operation. Ambient and work zone monitoring (PM , SOx, NOx) 5% Water & Energy consumption reduction per MT of products YOY basis. Noise Monitoring. Stack emission monitoring (e.g. Steam generator, DG Set) Plantation




FIGURE-4.8(A) EXISTING PLANT GREENBELT/GREENCOVER – PHOTOGRAPHS




FIGURE-4.8(B) EXISTING PLANT GREENBELT / GREENCOVER– PHOTOGRAPHS




FIGURE-4.8(C) EXISTING PLANT GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT / GREENCOVER –

PHOTOGRAPHS




FIGURE-4.9 LAYOUT MAP SHOWING GREENBELT




FIGURE-4.10 ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY POLICY




FIGURE-4.11 ISO 14001




FIGURE-4.12 ISO 9001


Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives


5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The present chapter provides the selection criteria site and process technology

involved.

5.1 Site Selection Criteria

The site is located in Rishra-Konnagar which is an industrial area and the capacity

augmentation will be within the existing plant premises. The site has distinct

advantages such as accessibility to road, electricity and water supply in addition

to the existing services such as supply & distribution of power, water, steam, etc.

and internal roads. The other support services of the present plant are adequate

for the proposed project activity also and hence, no alternate sites were

considered.

The capacity augmentation of specialty chemicals project is proposed in the

operating unit located at Konnagar, Rishra-Konnagar industrial Area, Hooghly

district, West Bengal. The following factors were found to be favorable for

selection of this site:

Proximity and availability of raw materials;

Availability of water;

Availability of vacant space within the operating area;

Suitability of land from topography and geographical aspects;

Proximity of national highways and railways stations, transport of raw

materials;

Proximity to the distribution network and Kolkata Port;

Topographically, the area is generally plain, flat land;

The area is not covered by any notified forests;

No clearance of existing land, vegetation or buildings is involved;

Availability of infrastructure facilities.

Proximity to customers in various industries in PSU and Private Sectors in

nearby states.

Hence, no alternative sites were proposed. The proposed project site is very near

to SH-6 which facilitates transportation to major markets. As Konnagar is already

developed Industrial Area, trained and skilled man power is easily available in this

region.

NALCO is presently manufacturing different types of specialty chemical products.

In the proposed capacity enhancement the quantity of products will be increased.

All the products will be manufactured on a batch basis per day. In the present

project, the products will be manufactured using chemical synthesis & blending

technology.


Chapter-6 Environmental Monitoring Program


6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 Introduction

Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to

assess the status of environment during project operation. With the knowledge of

baseline conditions, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any

deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable

taking up suitable mitigatory steps in time to safeguard the environment.

Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of

control measures can only be determined by monitoring.

Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried over

short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the

natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the

environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the

environmental quality.

6.2 Environment Management System

For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, an Environmental

Management System (EMS) should be established at the site which is already in

place for the operating plant and the same will be continued for the proposed

augmentation also. The EMS includes the following:

Environmental management cell;

Environmental monitoring;

Personnel training;

Regular environmental audits and corrective action; and

Documentation – Standard operating procedures environmental management

plans and other records.

6.3 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Protection and Conservation

It is necessary to have a permanent organizational set up charged with the task

of ensuring its effective implementation of mitigation measures and to conduct

environmental monitoring. The major duties and responsibilities of environmental

management cell shall be as given below:

To implement the environmental management plan;

To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations;

To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices;

To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict adherence to the

EMP;

To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule;

Review and interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures in

case monitored results are above the specified limit;

Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable

environmental laws as ready reference; and

Maintain environmental related records.




Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultants, monitoring

laboratories.

Plant environment management cell is headed by a senior manager and

constitutes of safety officers, environmental officers, engineers, chemists and

supervisors.

The Sr. Manager (Env) is responsible for environment management activities in

the project site. He reports to head of production on a daily-basis. Basically, this

department will supervise the monitoring of environmental pollution levels viz.

source emission monitoring, ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise

level either departmentally or by appointing external agencies wherever

necessary. In case the monitored results of environmental pollution found to

exceed the allowable limits, the environmental management cell will suggest

remedial action and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned

authorities. Manager (safety) is responsible for all safety related activities. He is

supported by Assistant manager, fire officers and fire crew.

The environmental management cell also co-ordinate all the related activities such

as collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the region,

afforestation and greenbelt development. The Head-Corporate EHS regularly

monitors the environmental, safety and health related activities.

6.4 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure

Monitoring shall confirm that commitments are being met. This may take the

form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as

amounts and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for

measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets.

It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity

of a site using ecological/biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring

may include socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even

assessment of complaints.

The preventative approach to management may also require monitoring of

process inputs, for example, type and stocks of chemical use, resource

consumption, equipment and plant performance etc.

The key aims of monitoring are, first, to ensure that results/conditions are as

forecast during the planning stage, and where they are not, to pinpoint the cause

and implement action remedial to the situation. A second objective is to verify the

evaluations made during the planning process, in particular in risk and impact

assessments and standard and target setting and to measure operational and

process efficiency. Monitoring will also be required to meet compliance with

statutory and corporate requirements. Finally, monitoring results provide the

basis for auditing.

6.4.1 Objectives of Monitoring

The objectives of environmental post-project monitoring are to:




Verify effectiveness of planning decisions;

Measure effectiveness of operational procedures;

Confirm statutory and corporate compliance; and

Identify unexpected changes.

6.5 Environmental Monitoring

The environmental monitoring for the plant capacity shall be conducted as

follows:

Air quality;

Water and wastewater quality;

Noise levels;

Soil Quality; and

Greenbelt Development.

A centralized environmental monitoring cell will be established in the plant (as

described in Chapter-9). Monitoring of important and crucial environmental

parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during

operation phase of the specialty chemicals plant. With the knowledge of baseline

conditions, the monitoring program will serve as an indicator for any deterioration

in environmental conditions due to plant operations and suitable mitigatory steps

would be taken in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important

as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be

determined by monitoring. The monitoring program for implementation is given

below.

Air Pollution and Meteorological Aspects

Both ambient air quality and meteorology will be monitored. The ambient air will

be monitored twice in a week in line with the guidelines of Central Pollution

Control Board (CPCB) and SPCB. Meteorological parameters like wind speed, wind

direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall will be recorded continuously

at plant area.

Water and Wastewater Quality

The storm water will be analyzed in the rainy season. The ground and surface

water quality will be monitored in every season at selected locations. The water

depths will be monitored in the wells of surrounding villages in every season.

Noise Levels

Noise levels in the work zone environment will be monitored regularly. The

frequency of noise monitoring will be once in a month in the work zone. The

ambient noise levels in the surrounding villages will be monitored once in six

months.




Soil Sampling

Soil samples will be tested before plantation/vegetation of the area. The

environmental monitoring cell will co-ordinate all monitoring programs at site and

data thus generated will be regularly furnished to the State regulatory agencies.

The environmental monitoring program to be implemented is given in Table-6.1.

TABLE-6.1

MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

Sr. No.

Particulars Monitoring Frequency

Duration of Sampling

Important Monitoring Parameters

1 Air Pollution and Meteorology

Air Quality

A Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Selected locations in and around plant as per MoEF&CC / CPCB

Once in a year

24 hr continuously

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx

B Work zone as per as per Factories act 1948 (TWA)

Once in a year

24 hr continuously

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx

Meteorology

a Meteorological data to be monitored at plant area

Daily Continuous Monitoring

Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall

2 Water and Wastewater Quality

1 Effluent treatment plant Once in a week

24 hr composite As per EPA rules, 1989

2 Bore well water quality

Once in a year

Grab

As per the parameters specified under IS:10500

3 Drinking water quality Once in a year

Grab

As per the parameters specified under IS:10500

3 Industrial Noise Levels

1 Major noise generating sources

Once in a year

24 hr continuous with 1 hr interval

Noise level in dB(A)

Ambient Noise Levels

2 3 Locations in and around plant area

Once in a year

24 hr continuous with one hr interval

Noise levels in dB(A)

4 Soil Characteristics

1

Selected locations Once in a year

- Colour, textural class, grain size, distribution, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Bulk Density, Porosity, Infiltration rate, Moisture retention capacity, Wilting Co-efficient, Organic matter Na, N, K, PO4, SO4, SAR, Base Exchange Capacity, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe.




6.6 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis of Environmental Monitoring

All environmental monitoring and relevant operational data will be stored in a

relational database. This will enable efficient retrieval and storage and

interpretation of the data. Regular data extracts and interpretive reports will be

sent to the regulator.

6.6.1 Air Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis

6.6.1.1 Stack Monitoring

The emissions from all the stacks shall be monitored regularly. The exit gas

temperature, velocity and pollutant concentrations shall be measured. Any

unacceptable deviation from the design values shall be thoroughly examined and

appropriate action shall be taken. Air blowers shall be checked for any drop in exit

gas velocity.

6.6.1.2 Workspace Monitoring

The concentration of air borne pollutants in the workspace/work zone environment

shall be monitored periodically. If concentrations higher than threshold limit values

are observed, the source of fugitive emissions shall be identified and necessary

measures taken. If the levels are high suitable measures as detailed in EMP shall

be initiated.

6.6.1.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The ground level concentrations of PM, SO2 and NOX in the ambient air shall be

monitored at regular intervals. Any abnormal rise shall be investigated to identify

the causes and appropriate action shall be initiated. Greenbelt shall be developed

for minimising dust propagation during transport. The ambient air quality data

should be transferred and processed in a centralised computer facility equipped

with required software. Trend and statistical analysis should be done.

6.6.2 Water and Wastewater Quality Monitoring and Data Analysis

To ensure a strict control over the water consumption, flow meters shall be

installed for all major inlets. All leakages and excess shall be identified and

rectified. In addition, periodic water audits shall be conducted to explore further

possibilities for water conservation.

Methods prescribed in "Standard Methods for Examination of Water and

Wastewater" prepared and published jointly by American Public Health

Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Manual on

Water and Wastewater Analysis published by NEERI, Nagpur are recommended.




6.6.2.1 Monitoring of Wastewater Streams

All the wastewater streams in the project area shall be regularly analysed for flow

rate and physical and chemical characteristics. Such analysis is carried out for

wastewater at the source of generation, at the point of entry into the wastewater

treatment plant and at the point of final discharge. These data shall be properly

documented and compared against the design values for any necessary corrective

action.

6.6.2.2 Monitoring of Groundwater

This is indispensable as it provides detection of the presence of waste constituents

in groundwater in case of leachate migration. In this programme, water samples

are taken at a predetermined interval and analysed for specific pollutants.

Based on assumptions and data about the characteristics of leachate to be

generated, approximate permeability of soils in the zone of aeration and direction

and velocities of groundwater flow, the maximum probable aerial extent of

contaminant migration can be estimated as a basis for establishing the position of

monitoring wells.

A minimum of two ground monitoring wells should be typically installed at project

site: one up-gradient well and one down-gradient well. It is suggested to collect

water samples and analyse. Records of analysis should be maintained.

6.6.3 Noise Levels

Noise levels in the work zone environment such as compressor area, DG house

shall be monitored. The frequency shall be once in three months in the work zone.

Similarly, ambient noise levels near habitations shall also be monitored once in

three months. Audiometric tests should be conducted periodically for the

employees working close to the high noise sources.

6.7 Reporting Schedules of the Monitoring Data

It is proposed that voluntary reporting of environmental performance with

reference to the EMP should be undertaken.

The environmental monitoring cell shall co-ordinate all monitoring programmes at

site and data thus generated shall be regularly furnished to the State regulatory

agencies. The frequency of reporting shall be on six monthly basis to the local state

PCB officials and to Regional office of MoEF & CC. The Environmental Audit reports

shall be prepared for the entire year of operations and shall be regularly submitted

to regulatory authorities.

6.8 Monitoring Equipment and Consumables

A well-equipped laboratory with consumable items will be provided for monitoring

of environmental parameters. Alternatively, monitoring can be outsourced to a

recognized laboratory.




a) Air Quality and Meteorology

Following equipment and consumable items will be made available with the

environmental cell to meet the monitoring frequency and to implement the

monitoring program.

Respirable Dust Samplers;

Personal sampler;

CO Monitor;

Weather station (automatic recording);

UV-VIS-Spectrophotometer;

Single pan balance;

Relevant chemicals as per IS:5182; and

Chemical/Glass ware.

b) Water and Waste Water Quality

The sampling should be done in jerry cans as per the standard procedures laid

down by IS: 3025. Following equipment are recommended to be available with the

environmental cell:

BOD incubator;

Refrigerator;

Oven;

Stop watch;

Thermometer;

pH meter;

Distilled water plant;

UV-VIS Spectrophotometer; and

Relevant chemicals and Glass wares.

c) Noise Levels

The environmental cell shall have sound level meter to record noise levels in

different scales like A, B and C with slow and fast response options and vibration

meter.

Further, any recognized agency can also be engaged for carrying out the above

stated monitoring works.

6.9 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Protection

As environmental protection will be monitored and implemented by a centralized

environmental management cell, the fiscal estimates have been arrived for the

plant activity, which is discussed in the following paragraphs.

Nalco Water proposes to spend about Rs 6 lakhs towards environmental

protection measures. The details of investment for procuring the equipments for

efficient control and monitoring of pollution are given in Table-6.2.




TABLE-6.2

BUDGET PROVISION FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING

Sr. No Particulars Expenditure

(Rs. In lakhs) Recurring cost (Rs. In lakhs)

1 Air & water pollution 3.0 0.6

2 Environmental Monitoring 2.5 0.4

3 Green belt / Afforestation 0.5 0.1

Sub Total 6.0 0.11 Source: NALCO


Chapter-7 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan


7.0 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 Introduction

The current project proposal deals with the proposed capacity augmentation of

specialty chemicals unit at Konnagar industrial area, Hooghly district, West

Bengal.

Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accident consisting

of an event or sequence of events resulting into fire, explosion or toxic hazards to

human health and environment.

7.2 Public Consultation

The public hearing for the proposed capacity augmentation project was conducted

through West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB) on 9th August, 2018 at

Konnagar, Hooghly district, West Bengal.

The public hearing was conducted inline with the prevailing EIA Notification. The

press notification indicating date and venue of the public hearing was issued by the

WBPCB in in daily Times of India and Eisamay news papers in English and Bengali

on 6th July, 2018 for conducting public hearing, giving project details inviting

suggestions, views, comments and objections from the public regarding proposed

project. A copy of the same is given in Figure-7.1.

The copies of EIA report in English and Executive summary of EIA report containing

salient features of the said project in English and Bengali languages were made

available at Department of Environment, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata to

appraise the public about the said project as per the provision of EIA Notification

2006. As per the public notice published in these newspapers, written suggestions /

views / objections were invited in the office of WBPCB.

250 persons attended the Public Hearing meeting for the proposed project. The

entire proceedings were recorded by the WBPCB officials. Public hearing meeting

was held under the Chairmanship of Additional District Magistrate, Hooghly,

representative of WBPCB acted as a Convener of Public Hearing Panel. The

representatives of the project explained the salient features of the project with

specific reference to the impacts on environment and its management. The detailed

proceedings of the public hearing are enclosed in Annexure-XII. The public

hearing photographs are given in Figure-7.2.

The EIA report has been upgraded based on the public suggestions, by incorporating

public hearing points raised and comments of NALCO on the same. An action plan to

address the issues raised during public hearing has been made after taking public

consultation, the details of which are given in Annexure-XII.




FIGURE-7.1

PUBLIC HEARING NOTIFICATION




FIGURE-7.2

PUBLIC HEARING PHOTOGRAPHS




TABLE-7.1

PUBLIC HEARING ISSUES AND PROPONENT’S RESPONSE

Sr.No Name of the

participants Issues/ opinions raised during Public

Hearing Response \ Action Plan

Timeline & Budget

1. Shri. Phanindra Nath Roy, Srirampore

Welcomed the proposed expansion project. He also mentioned that the road outside boundary near railway line is congested due to trucks parked by the proponent and there is a lot of traffic congestion. He requested project proponent to do something in this regard

We will not allow any truck to park outside boundary. All trucks will be parked at the designated area within the plant boundary.

January - 2019

2. Sri. Prasenjit Chakravorty, Konnagar, Hooghly

Asked regarding generation of any hazardous waste, gaseous emissions due to proposed expansion & its remedy

We are not producing any byproducts from process. No gaseous emission from the process. Hazardous wastes are only ETP sludge and some vessel rinse water, expired chemicals etc. which are being disposed through WBPCB approved external agency. After expansion, we will dispose the hazardous waste in the same manner.

Not applicable

3. Sri. Somnath Bag, Rishra, Hooghly

Asked about the mitigation measures to be taken to control water pollution after the capacity augmentation

We have our own Effluent treatment plant with higher capacity. Effluent is mainly vessel wash water during product changeover. All effluents are going to ETP for microbial treatment and after treatment, most of the treated water are being recycled back into plant for re-use maintain WBPCB discharge standards. We have on line ETP discharge parameter monitoring system at ETP outlet and all data are being transferred to CPCB & WBPCB server at all time. So, all the water pollution control system is in place to take care the additional load after capacity expansion.

Not applicable

4. Sri. Surajit Biswas, Konnagar, Hooghly

Asked about acquisition of any land No land acquisition involved as the proposed capacity expansion for existing plant only.

Not applicable

5. Sri. Ashish Debnath Konnagar, Hooghly

Asked for employment of local people Preference will be given to local people based on required skill set & merits as per job requirement. However, for unskilled position, we will give employment to local people. But all recruitment will happen in a phase wise manner depending on requirement.

2020 - 2023

6. Sri. Sunil Shaw, Konnagar, Hooghly

Asked for employment chances after the expansion

Unskilled labor might be required after the expansion. Employment will be need-based.

2020 - 2023




Sr.No Name of the participants

Issues/ opinions raised during Public Hearing

Response \ Action Plan

Timeline & Budget

7. Sri. Aloke mukherjee, Konnagar, Hooghly

He said after the expansion project the effluents quantity may increase and wanted to know about measures to be taken to improve quality of effluents. He also asked whether the existing ETP is capable to handle the additional effluent

load after the proposed expansion. He welcomed the project

Our existing ETP has an additional capacity and able to take full load after proposed capacity expansion. Additional effluents will be treated at our ETP and the treated water will be

recycled back into plant for reused maintaining WBPCB discharge standards

Not applicable

8. Sri. Rajender Shaw, Hooghly

Requested for public toilets and asked the proponent to take up this as a part of CSR activities. He also asked for dustbins provision in the nearby villages to maintain cleanliness

In the upcoming CSR activities this suggestion will be taken up and funds will be allotted accordingly in co-ordination with Konnagar municipality.

INR 6 lac. December 2019

9. Sri. Bapi Dey Sarkar, Konnagar, Hooghly

There are insufficient street lights on the roads. Requested proponent to provide street lights in the neighborhood.

In the upcoming CSR activities this suggestion will be taken up and funds will be allotted accordingly to facilitate street light nearby factory in co-ordination with Konnagar municipality.

INR 4 lac. December 2019

10. Sri. Amit Kumar Yadav, Konnagar, Hooghly

There is lot of illiteracy in the area and people are not qualified to get better jobs. He asked proponent to provide employment and livelihood for the people living in this area.

Unskilled labor will be taken from local people based on requirement.

2020 - 2023

7.3 Hazard Identification

Identification of hazards is an important step in Risk Assessment as it leads to the

generation of accidental scenarios. The merits of including the hazard for further

investigation are subsequently determined by its significance, normally using a

cut-off or threshold quantity.

Once a hazard has been identified, it is necessary to evaluate it in terms of the

risk it presents to the employees and the neighbouring community. In principle,

both probability and consequences should be considered, but there are occasions

where it is either the probability or the consequence can shown to be sufficiently

low or sufficiently high, decisions can be made on just one factor.

During the hazard identification component, the following considerations are

taken into account:

Chemical identities;

Location of facilities that use, produce, process, transport or store hazardous

materials;

The types and design of containers, vessels or pipelines; and

The quantity of material that could be involved in an airborne release and the

nature of the hazard (e.g. airborne toxic vapours or mists, fire, explosion,

large quantities stored or processed handling conditions) most likely to

accompany hazardous materials spills or releases.




The following main hazards may exist in the plant under the situations given

below:

• High temperature and pressure;

• Fire & explosions (due to inflammable / combustible materials);

• Toxic and corrosive chemicals;

• Toxic and poisonous gases and dust;

• Electricity (receiving / clue ration / distribution);

• Disposal of wastes;

• Work at heights;

• Work in confined spaces / vessels / tank etc;

• Non-working of safety devices, inter locks, failure of high RPM machineries;

• Failure of steam generators and chilling units.

• Hazards during heavy equipment handling (Crane, etc.); and

• Road accidents.

7.4 Assessment of Accident Consequences

A major accident may cause severe danger to life and properties. The assessment

will be based on:

• Onsite losses; and

• Offsite losses.

The first one will be loss of life, property damage and injuries to the scene of

occurrence where the people are working or combating with the accident control.

The offsite losses will include the loss of lives, injuries and property damages of

neighborhood bases in the affected area of accident or major event, if any.

7.5 Assessment of the Possible Release of Hazardous Chemicals or Of Energy

Technological risks posed by the factory constitute threat to:

Its workers;

To a third party who may be present either in the plant or in its vicinity at the

time of accident;

Inhabitants living in the immediate neighborhood of the plant and their

property;

Environmental conditions around the plant site;

Release of toxic or corrosive liquids / gas from their confinement. The primary

reason why such a disaster may occur, in spite of all precautionary measures

is that major type of chemicals handled, are highly hazardous in nature and in

substantial quantities; or

A combination of more than one of such accidental phenomenon.

7.6 Chemical Spill Management

If any accidental spill occurs immediate action should be taken to control the

effects.

1. Notify your Supervisor about the following –




a) Location of spill

b) Name of the chemical spilled/refer signs and labels

c) Quantity of spill

d) Check the material & refer to MSDS

2. Before dealing with any chemical spill be sure to obtain adequate personal

protective equipment, do not clean up spill alone, contact the emergency

response contacts.

3. If the material or its location is hazardous, seal off the hazard area, warn

fellow employees about the dangers.

4. As soon as you have identified the materials you are dealing with; develop a

plan of action, e.g. how to shut off a valve, plug a leak, or contain the hazardous

spill safely or to get help if you are not trained or equipped to deal with the

hazard.

5. It may be necessary to put up barricades in the rain water trenches to stop the

spread and to ensure that flow of hazardous chemicals do not reach a water

source. For this purpose sand bags have been kept ready at three locations in the

plant as detailed below.

i) At the boundary wall near Equalization tank of Effluent Treatment Plant.

ii) At the boundary wall near Low Temperature Store Room

iii) At the road side near Utility Building Room.

6. If there is a possibility of injury/fire, keep your first-aid/fire-fighting team

ready. Then clean-up the hazardous material, do not touch or taste the material,

do not make sparks of any kind, use the right absorbent for the spill.

7. Transfer all spill content with the clean up material into designated container

and marked it properly. This collected material will have to be disposed in a

suitable & safe way. Dispose the container via a license hazardous material

contractor.

8. Confirm the spillage source has been isolated/ stopped. Confirm all spill

material and containers have been removed. Ventilate the area (open window

etc. if spillage is within the building). If spillage is classified as flammable

material, conduct gas check to ensure no presence of flammable vapor.

Material safety data sheets are enclosed as Annexure-XIII.

7.7 Emergency Evacuation Plan

o A witness to the emergency situation (threat of fire, earthquake, bomb or any

unusual life-threatening situation) should call for help and signal the alarm

system to notify the staff




o The safety wardens/ security guards shall inform all employees and visitors to

notify them of such emergency

o All staff should immediately proceed quickly but calmly to the evacuation site or

assembly point (near lawn)

o Security Guards/Safety Wardens on duty shall do a head count immediately for

the accounting of all staff and visitors (as per entry record)

o Security shall clear all driveways leading inside the plant

o Security shall direct all motor vehicles along main road for free access of fire

trucks to the plant (in case of fire)

o All employees shall wait for further notice from the Plant Manager or Designate

before going back to respective area.

7.8 Emergency Response Plan

Chemicals occupy an important segment of our economy and are also the source

of large benefits to the society. In recent years, there has been a rapid increase

in the number, variety and complexity of the chemicals being used in industries

and in our daily life. However, many of these chemicals are toxic, highly reactive,

explosive or inflammable or have a combination of these characteristics and all

these are classed as hazardous chemicals. Such chemicals are potentially

hazardous not only to the human beings, flora and fauna but also to all forms of

property and our environment as a whole. Thus, extreme care is essential in

handling such chemicals in any form and at all stages of manufacture, processing,

treatment, package, storage, transportation, use, collection, destruction,

conversion or sale.

Several agencies of the Government, both at the Central and State levels, such as

the Directorate of Explosives, the Inspectorate of Factories and Port and

Transport Authorities are entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring safe

handling and management of hazardous chemicals under Acts and Rules made for

the purpose. In spite of these measures, the possibility of accidents can not be

ruled out. Human errors and mechanical, electrical, instrumental or system

failures have, on occasions, led to severe disasters. Apart from those which

occurred at Bhopal. Mexico and other parts of the world in the last few decades

have made people all over the world concerned with the dangers of chemical

accidents. Occurrence of such accidents makes it essential that the Central and

State Governments as well as the local authorities are fully prepared to mitigate

the sufferings and meet the eventualities resulting from any unfortunate

occurrence of chemical accidents in our country.

During the past decade there has been an increased public awareness of disaster

situation in the vicinity of the plants particularly the chemical plants and locations

where large quantities of inflammable materials are stored or handled. It is

essential to evolve a Disaster Control Preparedness Plan to effectively make use




of available resources. There are many agencies involved in the activities

associated with effective handling of Disaster, e.g. civic and Government

authorities, fire services, civil defence, medical, police, army, neighboring

industries, voluntary organizations, etc. and this requires an organized

multidisciplinary approach to the problem.

Disaster is a sudden occurrence of hazard with a magnitude which could affect

the normal pattern of life in the facility and/or in vicinity causing extensive

damage to life and/or property.

The Disaster Preparedness Plan gives a clear organizational structure and

elaborates the duties to be performed (including outside agencies) by each when

situation demands, so as to reduce the probability/severity of community

suffering and property damage.

The activities among other things also include providing/help in arranging for

food, shelter, clothing, medical attention and other life sustaining requirements.

7.8.1 Objectives

The purpose of DMP is to give an approach to detail organizational

responsibilities, actions, reporting requirements and support resources available

to ensure effective and timely management of emergencies associated to

production and operations in the site. The overall objectives of DMP are to:

Ensure safety of people, protect the environment and safeguard commercial

considerations;

Immediate response to emergency scene with effective communication network

and organized procedures;

Obtain early warning of emergency conditions so as to prevent impact on

personnel, assets and environment;

Safeguard personnel to prevent injuries or loss of life by protecting personnel

from the hazard and evacuating personnel from an installation when necessary;

Minimize the impact of the event on the installation and the environment, by:

Minimizing the hazard as far as possible;

Minimizing the potential for escalation; and

Containing any release.

To provide guidance to help stake holders take appropriate action to prevent accidents

involving hazardous substances and to mitigate adverse effects of accidents that do

nevertheless occur. Figure-7.3 shows effect of loss of containment from the process.




FIGURE-7.3

FOCUS ON LOSS OF CONTAINMENT FROM THE PROCESS




7.8.2 Unusual Emergencies

Severe Weather, Torrential Rain, & Flood

There may be water accumulation inside the works if it rains continuously and

heavily for long hours, e.g. during monsoon, and the roads may be flooded. In

that event there is a possibility of water going inside both the warehouses, low

temperature storage room and production building as well, and then all raw

materials or finished products stored on the floors along with their containers may

be damaged.

In addition there may be disruption of traffic causing acute shortage of

manpower. Take necessary steps like maintaining the cleanliness at the trenches

outlet grid, removing destroyable material to a safe place i.e. placing them at a

higher level from ground floor etc. before hand based on the weather forecast to

avoid such situations.

Severe Storm/Tornado

Stop all processing at plant

Keep plant in safe condition

Switch off all electrical drives, if necessary to keep main switch off from

electrical panel

Instruct all people to leave the plant area and to assemble at administrative

building

Bomb Threat

The following procedures are applicable for protection of life and property in case

of a bomb threat.

If a bomb threat alarm is given each person should search his working area

and be sure his area is clear.

All personnel should be alert to suspicious objects in his own area.

Inquire about the destination of a suspicious stranger.

But do not detain any persons who should not be in the building. Inform

Security Supervisor.

If a suspicious object is discovered DO NOT TOUCH IT AND DO NOT PANIC.

Notify Security Officer on Duty and the Police Station.

7.8.3 Different Phases of Disaster

Warning Phase

Many disasters are preceded by some sort of warning. For example, with the aid

of satellites and network of weather stations, many meteorological disasters like

cyclones and hurricanes can be predicted and actions can be taken to

eliminate/reduce their effect to counteract them.




Period of Impact Phase

This is the period when the disaster actually strikes and very little can be done to

lessen the effects of disaster. The period of impact may last for a few seconds

(like fire, explosion, gas leak) or may prolong for days (fire, gas leak, etc.). This

is the time to bring the action plan in force.

The coordinators in organization structure will perform the responsibilities

assigned to them. Needless to emphasize that prompt and well organized rescue

operations can save valuable lives.

Rescue Phase

The rescue phase starts immediately after the impact and continues until

necessary measures are taken to rush help and combat with the situation.

Relief Phase

In this phase, apart from organization and relief measures internally, depending

on severity of the disaster, external help should also be summoned to provide

relief measures (like evacuations to a safe place and providing medical help, food

clothing etc.). This phase will continue till normalcy is restored.

Rehabilitation Phase

This is the final and longest phase. It includes rebuilding damaged property,

estimating the damages, payment of compensation, etc. Help from

revenue/insurance authorities need to be obtained to assess the damage,

quantum of compensation to be paid etc.

7.8.4 Key Elements

Following are the key elements of Disaster Management Plan:

Basis of the plan;

Accident/emergency response planning procedures;

On-site Disaster Management Plan; and

Off-site Disaster Management Plan.

Basis of the Plan

Identification and assessment of hazards is crucial for on-site emergency planning

and it is therefore necessary to identify what emergencies could arise in

production of various products and their storage. Hazard analysis or consequence

analysis gives the following results.

Hazards from spread of fire or release of flammable chemicals from storage,

production units and transportation facilities; and




Hazards due to formation of pressure waves due to vapor cloud explosion of

flammable gases.

Emergency Planning and Response Procedures

Emergency rarely occurs therefore activities during emergencies; require

coordination of higher order than for planned activities carried out according to

fixed time schedule or on a routine day-to-day basis. To effectively coordinate

emergency response activities, an organizational approach to planning is

required. The important areas of emergency planning are Organization and

Responsibilities, Procedures, Communication, Transport, Resource requirements

and Control Center. Offsite emergency requires additional planning over and

above those considered under onsite plans, which should be properly integrated

to ensure better coordination.

The emergency planning includes anticipatory action for emergency, maintenance

and streamlining of emergency preparedness and ability for sudden mobilization

of all forces to meet any calamity.

7.8.4.1 On-site Disaster Management Plan

Emergency Management Plan

An Emergency is a situation which may lead to or cause large scale damage or

destruction of life, property or environment within or outside the Factory. Such an

unexpected situation may be too difficult to handle for the normal work force

within the plant. If any personnel working inside the plant finds situation like

above should immediately try to know the nature of emergency and follow further

steps.

Significance of “Nature of Emergency”

The emergency specified I the OEP refers to occurrence of one or more among

the following events:

a. Fire / Explosion / Leakage of liquid or gas of hazardous nature;

b. Major accident such as structural or building collapse, overturning of road

tanker containing flammable substances;

c. Natural calamities like lightening, storm, flood, earthquake; and

d. Sabotage act of terrorism, civil commotion, air raid etc.

Ascertain whether it is emergency or not

Before raising the alarm, it is necessary to ascertain that whether it is really an

emergency. If it is so following procedure should be adopted:

Any person noticing an emergency situation will call by telephone to Control

Room through any available means preferably phone, briefly describing the type

incident and location, he should tell his name while conveying emergency to




control room. Shift in charge will then decide and raise emergency siren (If

situation is like declaring an emergency), one responsible personnel is always

available at time office, which is decided as control room.

Raising the Alarm

This alarm operation is under the control of ECC, the moment the ECC receives

message from the incident point ECC men shall actuate the alarm. This alarm

(Siren) pattern already decided shall be followed which is painted at different

locations, within the plant.

a. On site emergency / fire alarm;

b. Continuous wailing sound for 10 seconds and 5 seconds silent;

c. This sequence for 3 times;

d. All clear alarm; and

e. Steady high wailing sound for Three minutes.

Initial Emergency Actions

While attending emergency in plant area, shift in charge (If requires extra

assistance) may intimate ECC to declare an onsite emergency who in turn shall

alert all fire, security medical and essential officers to establish action as per on

site emergency plan.

Control of Emergency

Shift in charge shall perform the role of both site controller and incident controller

till senior officer arrives and take charge in the control room as site controller.

Declaration of Emergency

To declare emergency incident control shall call to ECC and inform about nature

of emergency such as fire, spillage, explosion, structure collapse or accident and

its location.

Duties of ECC Personnel

i. ECC personnel shall consult with higher officials and will sound the audio /

visual emergency siren;

ii. Shall record the wind direction from windsock visible from ECC;

iii. Decide and announce assembly point on public address system, based upon

wind direction and public safety;

iv. Issue instructions to cancel all work permits in area as per requirement;

v. Arrange to evacuate the area i.e. all visitors, contractors’ employees to move

to nearby assembly points; and




vi. Any other specific requirement / announcement depending upon situation.

Wind Direction

As soon as emergency is informed ECC personnel will record the wind direction by

wind sock and will decide the safe assembly point by referring site plan indicating

assembly points and direction. He will decide assembly point opposite to the

direction of wind and announce it on PAS (public address system).

All Clear

As soon as it is confirmed from incident site that situation is under controlled

without any further risk, in that case instructions for sounding “all clear” signal

should be given by chief incident controller. All clear will be indicated by steady

high wailing sound of siren for three minutes.

Assembly Point

In case of an emergency as soon as alarm is operated ECC heard by the

employees they should immediately leave the work place and assemble at the

stipulated assembly point. Point will be decided depending upon wind direction

and safety of people and will be announced in public address system.

Roll Call System Accounting For Personnels and Visitors

Security head will be in charge for head count. He will check employees

attendance, visitors and contractor’s workman register made available at the

assembly point for head count.

Emergency Shut Down

Depending upon the nature and degree of hazard, emergency plant shut down

will be decided and announced Plant shut down in-charge will issue necessary

directives to initiate the shutdown. The decision of shut down will be taken by

senior most operation head present at site with mutual consent from other

officers.

Key Person

In initial stage of handling emergency key person shall be the “Incident

Controller”. As soon as he receives information about the incident he will rush to

the spot and take over the total activities under him. He will supervise the initial

emergency action like first aid and contact ECC for further follow up action etc.

Incident Controller

Incident controller should wear easily visible helmet / jacket etc. different from

others it should have fluorescent linings etc. which will glow in dark. Incident

controllers are given identical vests and Helmet.




Duties of Nalco Water Personnel Involved In Handling Emergency

Response

Duties of shift personnel involved in Handling Emergency.

Shift In-charge (Incident Controller)

Shall decide nature of emergency and inform ECC if necessary;

Shall take full responsibility for handling emergency at incident site;

Provide necessary input to ECC;

Arrange first aid;

Provide guidance to firefighting staff; and

Shall announce to stop all hot works in that area.

Duties of Operators / Fitters / Electrician / Helpers

Follow instructions of shift incharge for unit / plant isolation, electrical

isolation / tripping etc.

Fire Officer (Security Incharge)

Take Charge of fire fighter operations;

Rush to the incident point with necessary equipment;

Appraise himself of situation and work out requirement of any external help;

Guide team members for proper extinguishing;

Coordinate with incident controller; and

Liaise with Incident Controller for effective control.

Security Officer / Security attendant

Take charge of head counts;

Liaise with incident controller for effective control;

Assist in site communications to all concerned persons;

Cordon off the affected area;

Prevent entry of unauthorized personnel and vehicle;

Arrange transportation of injured; and

Escort medical team.

OTHER AREA – Shift in-charge

Shall assist site controller in handling the emergency.

OTHER AREA – Section operators / Fitters / Electrician / Process helpers

Shall reach the incident site with emergency tool box; and

Follow instructions of site controller.




General Emergency Procedures

a) Site Controller (SC)

Plant Manager will be the site controller in general. In absence of Plant Manager,

Shift In-charge will be the S.C. Site Controller usually operate from Emergency

Control Room (in our case it is Gate No. 1 Security Office). His main responsibility

is dealing with and directing outside agencies such as Fire brigade, Police, district

authorities, and many other external agencies like press/reporter.

b) Incident Controller (IC)

Incident controller is usually Production Manager in case of emergency in

production floor or Logistics Manager in case of emergency in Warehouse/Store

area. In absence of Production Manager, Production Supervisor or Lab Supervisor

will be the I.C. Incident Controller will inform the Site Controller about the nature

and scale of Emergency and will also supervise the Emergency action activity like

Fire Fighting, Spillage Control etc. Everyone inside the factory including ERT

members will follow his instructions.

c) Emergency Security Controller (ESC).

ESC is Security Supervisor at the main gate during emergency. Another

responsibility is counting head of contractors/visitors during emergency. He will

also help Safety Warden regarding head counting for staff and operators also.

d) Safety Warden (SW)

He is the person who accounts for all personnel and their supervisor on duty.

Another responsibility is counting head of all staffs during emergency. He will be

responsible for evacuation of all staff during emergency.

e) Safety Coordinator (SC)

He is Safety Champion. In his absence MR will be the SC.

Following is the general guidelines for effective tackling such situations.

A) Person who discovers such incident should -

i) Look out for his and other person's safety,

ii) Raise the alarm,

iii) Give as much help as possible to others in escaping from the danger area,

iv) Try to take a quick inventory of the situation (what and where it is happening

and who are involved)

v) Proceed towards the "EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY POINT".

vi) In case of Fire, the person can do the First Aid fire fighting if he can do that

safely, upon sending the information/messenger to the Incident Controller/his

Supervisor/Emergency Assembly Point.




7.8.4.2 Off-site Disaster Management Plan

Emergency is a sudden unexpected event, which can cause serious damage to

personnel life, property and environment as a whole, which necessitate to evolve

Off-site Emergency Plan to combat any such eventuality. In Offsite disaster

management Plan many agencies are involved like revenue, public health, fire

services, police, civil defense, home guards, medical services and other voluntary

organization. thus handling of such emergencies requires an organized

multidisciplinary approach.

If it becomes necessary to evacuate people, then this can be done in orderly way.

The different agencies involved in evacuation of people are civil administration

(both state and central), non Govt. organizations, factory inspectorate and police

authorities.

Fire

Effects of fire on population will be mainly due to thermal radiation. In such

cases, houses situated to the proximity of disaster need to be evacuated,

although a severe smoke hazard due to fire is to be reviewed periodically.

Explosion

An explosion will give a very little time to warn population and areas affected may

be much longer than that in case of fire. The effects of explosion on population

will be mainly due to shock waves, flying splinters, collapse of structures and

exposure to thermal radiation.

Off-Site (Notifying External Agencies)

Depending on the type and severity of emergency, the communication controller

must notify the appropriate external agencies. The major emergencies should be

notified to:

District Collector;

Law enforcement departments;

Local governments and other response teams;

Fire departments and other response teams;

Hospital and emergency medical services;

Ambulance services;

Local environmental agencies;

Utility companies, such as water, sewer, public works, telephone, and

electricity;

Contractors for heavy and special machinery and supply of nitrogen/dry air for

purging the pipeline;

Suppliers of emergency equipment;

Neighboring industries, which can provide additional emergency response

personnel and material;

The broadcasting media;




The notice shall include the following information:

o The name and address of the site where the release, has occurred;

o The name, position, and telephone number of the caller;

o The location of the point of the release; a description of the source, cause

and type of release; the quantity and concentration of the material

released; and whether the release is of a continuous nature;

o Any know or anticipate acute or chronic health risks associated with the

emergency and, where appropriate, advice regarding medical attention

necessary for exposed individuals;

o Proper precautions to be taken as a result of the release, including

evacuation;

o The name(s) and telephone number(s) of the person (s) to be contacted

for further information; and

o Weather conditions, including wind direction and speed, and expected off-

site effects, if any

Neighboring industries or activities can often provide additional resources, in

terms of expertise, personnel, material and equipment. As for the case of other

local external agencies, such possible co-operation can be more effective only if

predetermined plans for intervention have been established.

Purpose

o To save lives and injuries and to prevent or reduce property losses;

o To provide for quick resumption of normal situation or operation;

o To make explicit the inter related be suggested if necessary;

o To make explicit inter related set of actions to be undertaken in the event of

an industrial accident posing hazards to the community;

o To inform people and surrounding about emergency and disaster if it is

likely to adversely affect machinery will be established for this purpose to

guide the people in proper way;

o To plan for rescue and recuperation of casualties and injuries. To plan for

relief and rehabilitation; and

o To plan for prevention of harms, total loss and recurrence of disaster. It will

be ensured that absolute safety and security is achieved within the shortest

time.

Before Crisis

This will include the safety procedure to be followed during an emergency through

posters, talks and mass media in different languages including local language.

Leaflets containing do’s/ don’ts should be circulated to educate the people in

vicinity.

o People in vicinity of hazardous installation, and others who are potentially

affected in the event of an accident, should be aware of the risks of accidents,

know where to obtain information concerning the installation, and understand

what to do in the event of an accident;




o Non-governmental Organizations (NGO’s) (Such as environmental,

humanitarian and consumer group) should motivate their constituents and

others, to be involved in risk reduction and accident prevention efforts. They

should help to identify specific concerns and priorities regarding risk reduction

and prevention, preparedness and response activities;

o NGO’s should facilitate efforts to inform the public and should provide technical

assistance to help the public analyze and understand information that is made

available;

o Public authorities (at all levels) and management of hazardous installation

should established emergency planning activities/ program’s for accidents

involving the hazardous substance;

o All parties who will be involved in emergency planning process. In this respect

public health authorities, including experts from information centers should be

involved in relevant aspects of offsite emergency planning;

o Emergency warning alert system alert system should be in place to warn the

potentially affected public, or there is an imminent threat of an accident; and

o The system chosen should be effective and provide timely warning. Suitable

warning system could include or a combination of for e.g.: sirens, automatic

telephone massage, and mobile public address system.

During Crisis

Central Control Committee: As the off-site plan is to be prepared by the

government a central control committee shall be formed under the

chairmanship of area head. Other officers from police, fire, factory, medical,

engineering, social welfare, publicity, railway, transport and requisite

departments shall be incorporated as members. Some experts will also be

included for guidance. The functions of committee should be:

o To work as main co-coordinating body constituted of necessary district

heads and other authorities with overall command, coordination,

guidance, supervision, policy and doing all necessary things to control

disaster in shortest times;

o To prepare, review, alter or cancel this plan and to keep it a complete

document with all details;

o To take advice and assistance from experts in fields to make plan more

successful;

o To set in motion all machineries to this plan in event of disaster causing

or likely to cause severe damage to public, property or environment; and




o The incident control committee, traffic control committee and press

publicity committee will first be informed, as they are needed first.

Medical Help, Ambulance and Hospital Committee: This committee consisted of

doctors for medical help to the injured persons because of disaster. Injuries

may be of many types. As such doctors are rarely available we have to mobilize

and utilize all available doctors in the area. Functions and duties of the

committee include:

o To give medical help to all injured as early as possible;

o Civil surgeon is the secretary who will organize his team;

o On receiving information to rush to spot he will immediately inform his

team and will proceed with all necessary equipment;

o First aid and possible treatment shall be provided at the spot or at some

convenient place and patients may be requested to shift to hospitals for

further treatment;

o All efforts shall be made on war basis to save maximum lives and to treat

maximum injuries; and

o Continuity of the treatment shall be maintained till the disaster is

controlled.

Traffic Control, Law and Order: The committee is headed by District

Superintendent of Police. Functions and duties of this committee should be:

o To control traffic towards and near disaster, to maintain law and order;

o To evacuate the places badly affected or likely to be affected;

o To shift the evacuated people to safe assembly points;

o To rehabilitate them after disaster is over; and

o Necessary vehicles, wireless sets and instruments for quick

communications shall be maintained and used as per need.

After Crisis

At the time of disaster, many people may badly be affected. Injured people

shall be treated by medical help, ambulance and hospital committee but those

not injured but displaced kept at assembly points, dead whose relative or

property is lost, houses collapsed and in need of any kind of help shall be

treated by this welfare and restoration committee. Functions and duties of this

committee are:




o To find out persons in need of human help owing to disastrous effect. They

may give first aid if medical team is not available;

o They will serve the evacuated people kept at assembly points. They will

arrange for their food, water, shelter, clothing, sanitation, and guidelines

to reach any needful places;

o They will look for removal and disposal of dead bodies, for help of sick,

weak, children and needy persons for their essential requirements;

o The team will also work for restoration of detached people, lost articles,

essential commodities etc.;

o The team will also look after the restoration of government articles; and

o The team will also ensure that the original activities, services and systems

are resumed again as they were functioning before the disaster.

Police

o The police should assist in controlling of the accident site, organizing

evacuation and removing of any seriously injured people to hospitals.

Fire Brigade

o The fire brigade shall organize to put out fires other than gas fires and

provide assistance as required.

Hospitals and Doctors

o Hospitals and doctors must be ready to treat any injuries.

Media

o The media should have ready and continuous access to designated officials

with relevant information, as well as to other sources in order to provide

essential and accurate information to public throughout the emergency and to

help avoid confusion;

o Efforts should be made to check the clarity and reliability of information as it

becomes available, and before it is communicated to public;

o Public health authorities should be consulted when issuing statements to the

media concerning health aspects of chemical accidents; and

o Members of the media should facilitate response efforts by providing means

for informing the public with credible information about accidents involving

hazardous substances.

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO)

NGO’s could provide a valuable source of expertise and information to support

emergency response efforts. Members of NGOs could assist response

personnel by performing specified tasks, as planned during the emergency




planning process. Such tasks could include providing humanitarian,

psychological and social assistance to members of community and response

personnel. Various organizations involved during emergencies are shown in

Figure-7.4.

On-site emergency response plan is enclosed as Annexure-XIV.

FIGURE-7.4

ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED DURING EMERGENCIES

EMERGENCY

Medical

AID

Media

Environmental Health

and Safety Department

District Level

Emergency

Committee

Plant Level

Emergency

Committee

Plant

Security

Fire

Department

Chief Coordinator

Police

Department

Public

Education

Emergency Control Center


Chapter-8 Project Benefits


8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

The proposed developmental activities in this region will result in improvement of infrastructure as well as upliftment of social structure in the area. The people residing in the nearby areas will be benefited indirectly. It is anticipated that the proposed plant will provide benefits for the locals in two phases i.e. during construction phase as well as during operational stage. The summary of the benefits due to the Capacity augmentation of speciality chemicals from 11,000 TPA to 22,000 TPA within the existing plant action plan of Nalco has been discussed in following sections.

8.1 Construction Phase

During construction phase, the proposed project will benefit the region in following manner:

8.1.1 Employment Generation

The proposed project will generate employment opportunities to the local populace during installation phase. The total manpower requirement during installation and operation is about 33 people. Unskilled/semi-skilled labour for the plant would be drawn locally or from nearby places. The employment of local personnel in skilled and executive staff category will depend on availability and suitability of individuals. In addition to the direct employment in the installation of proposed project, an indirect employment will generate in truck transport operation, repair garages, markets/shops, and other ancillary units, etc.

8.1.2 Demography and Socio-Economics

As the labours/workmen are generally un-skilled, the locals will get opportunities for employment during construction activities. During installation and operational phase in-migration will happen and as they need shelters local people will earn some money through renting out houses to migrated people. In addition to the opportunity of getting employment as laborers, the local population will also have employment opportunities in related service activities like petty commercial establishments, small contracts/sub-contracts and supply of materials for ancillary infrastructures etc. Consequently, this may lead to economic upliftment of the area.

8.2 Operational Phase

The proposed project is expected to create full time as well as part time job opportunities to the local population through direct and indirect employment.

The living conditions are expected to improve due to improvement in income levels;

The food security is ensured through regular income and other welfare measures;




The improvement in education facilities would impact on overall literacy rate in the area;

The overall health environment is expected to improve due to health services, awareness programs and food security through improvement in livelihood; and

Measures, which will reduce the socio- economic disparities.

The proponent is already committed to CSR activities. Already the existing CSR programs implement the following programs for the socio-economic development of surrounding villages and urban wards in the study area.

8.2.1 Population

During the installation and operational phase, about 33 people shall be employed. Considering an average family size of 4 persons, there is a likelihood of increase in the study area. Considering that most of the skilled personnel proposed to be employed for the proposed project would be from outside the study area and unskilled/ semiskilled personnel shall be from within the study area, the proposed project would add to the population in the study area which results in better scope for indirect employment etc.

8.2.2 Education

Unskilled people and limited skilled people (depending on availability) shall be hired from local population. People coming to the study area from outside are expected to be educated and especially skilled. In addition, some secondary developments like opening of new schools, shops may take place in view of the increased family population due to the proposed employment. These factors will be beneficial to locals residing in the study area.

8.2.3 Employment

The man power requirements for the operational phase of the proposed project shall be about 33 persons. Many of these people however shall be skilled people and possibly be coming from outside the study area. Need of unskilled people shall be satisfied from local population.

In addition to the direct employment mentioned above, there will be indirect employment of local people by utilizing their expertise in different areas like horticulture, site clearing, construction of administrative buildings), etc. Also, due to secondary development in the study area, employment opportunities will be generated.

8.3 Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER)

1. Promoting sanitation and making available safe drinking water, toilet etc. in

rural area. 2. Promoting digital literacy program, including employment enhancing

vocational skills through training. 3. Ensuring environmental sustainability, ecological balance, protection of flora

and fauna, animal welfare, agroforestry, conservation of natural resources and maintaining quality of soil, air and water;

4. Contribution to the north-east flood Relief;




5. Rural development projects – Sanitation and hygiene improvement in rural areas; and

6. Rural clean water & conservation program including hygiene,

8.3.1 Budget for CER Activities: The actual fund allocated in the last two years i.e., 2016-17 and 2017-18 is detailed below: a. 2016-17: INR 8.3 Lakhs NALCO Water has contributed INR 4.9 lakhs for the Tagore foundation in

West Bengal to build toilets & tube wells in rural area as part of the Swachh Baharat program and INR 3.4 lakhs to Sewa Vardhani Foundation near Pune to repair a dam wall for conserving water for the nearby village.

b. 2017-18: INR 15 Lakhs

An amount of INR 6 Lakhs was donated to Prime Minister’s Relief Fund for Kerala Flood Donation and for Pune city connect – INR 9 lakhs.

8.3.2 Proposed CER Activities

The proposed CER activities would be undertaken in phased manner and the budget is categorized in Table-8.1.

TABLE-8.1

PROPOSED CER ACTIVITIES

Year Activities Budget (INR Lakhs)

Total proposed budget

(INR Lakhs)

2018-19 Kerala floods donation 6 -

Pune digital connect – Digital literacy program

9

2019-20 Clean water & conservation, Hygiene

7

28 Pune digital connect – Digital literacy program

9

Clean water & conservation, Hygiene

6

Clean water & conservation, Hygiene

6




8.3 CER Activities

The status of CSR activities are being undertaken in the neighbouring villages and urban areas. The proposed expenditure on CER activates will be about Rs. 24 Lakhs in 2018-19 as detailed in Table-8.1. Photographs are given in Figure-8.1.

FIGURE-8.1(A) CSR ACTIVITIES PHOTOGRAPHS




FIGURE-8.1(B) CSR ACTIVITIES PHOTOGRAPHS


Chapter-9

Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis


9.0 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis The scope of the EIA/EMP has been prescribed vide the Terms of Reference (TOR) issued by MoEF&CC vide Letter F.No. J-11011/360/2016-IA-II (I), dated 28th February, 2017 and is enclosed as Annexure-I. As per SO 1533 dated 14th September 2006, the chapter on environmental cost benefit analysis is to be prepared if prescribed at scoping stage. This chapter has to be carried out if specifically required as per scoping. As this is not specifically mentioned in TOR, further detail study is not carried out.


Chapter-10 Environment Management Plan


10.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Protection and Conservation

The plant is supervised and controlled by a unit head supported by adequate

team of technically and statutorily qualified personnel apart from the operating

staff of skilled, semi skilled, unskilled and other categories.

Environment management will be the responsibility of the environment

management team headed by the Plant Manager and comprising of

environmental engineer, safety officer, chemists, production manager,

engineering manager etc.

The Plant Manager / Unit head will be responsible for environmental management

activities in the proposed specialty chemicals manufacturing plant. To facilitate

effective environment management, Nalco Water India Limited created a team

consisting of officers from various disciplines to co-ordinate the activities

concerned with the management and implementation of the environmental

control measures.

Basically, this team will supervise the monitoring of environmental pollution levels

viz. ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level either

departmentally or by appointing external agencies wherever necessary.

In case the monitored results of environmental pollution are found to exceed the

allowable limits, the environmental management team will suggest remedial

action and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned authorities.

The environmental management team would also co-ordinate all the related

activities such as collection of statistics of health of workers, afforestation and

green belt development activities.

Certificates of environment management system followed at Nalco Water India

Limited, Konnagar is shown from Figure-10.1 to Figure-10.3. The organization

chart is shown in Figure-10.4.




FIGURE-10.1

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM- ISO 9001:2008




FIGURE-10.2

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM- ISO 14001:2004




FIGURE-10.3

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM- OSHAS 18001:2007




FIGURE-10.4

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

Supply Chain Director

Plant Manager

Manager QA/QC and Environment

QA Chemists

Engineering Manager

Production Manager

Production Supervisor /

Safety Champion

Production / ETP Operators


Chapter-11 Summary and Conclusion


11.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

M/s. Nalco Water India Limited (NWIL), West Bengal proposes for capacity

augmentation of specialty chemicals from 11,000 TPA to 22,000 TPA within the

existing plant premises located in Konnagar, Hooghly district, West Bengal. The

estimated cost of the project is about Rs. 10 Crores.

The proposed capacity augmentation of chemical manufacturing unit falls under

“Category-A” of activity type 5 (f) as per the EIA Notification dated 14th

September 2006 issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi. An application prior to obtaining

Environmental Clearance has been submitted to MoEF&CC, New Delhi. The

proposal was considered by the 17th Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-2)

meeting held during 26th - 29th December, 2016 respectively for the

determination of ToR.

MoEF&CC issued Terms of Reference (ToR) for carrying out EIA- EMP studies vide

letter no:F.No. J-11011/360/2016-IA-II (I), dated 28th February, 2017.

EIA report has been prepared in line with the ToR issued and correction requested

vide letter dated 15th November’2017 w.r.t. land and water data, to conduct

public hearing. Accordingly, public Hearing for the proposed project has been

conducted by WBSPCB on 09.08.2018 at Konnagar, Hooghly district, West

Bengal.

11.1 Environment Setting of Study Area (10 km radius)

The environmental setting of the proposed capacity augmentation project is as

follows:

The geographical coordinates of the plant site falls at the intersection of 22°

42’53’’ N latitude and 88° 20’37’’ E longitude; at an elevation of about 14 m

above Mean Sea Level (MSL). Study area map is given in Figure-11.1;

Kolkata is located at about 12 km from plant boundary;

The nearest village is Konnagar at a distance of about 1.5 km in North direction

from the site;

There are no ecological sensitive locations and defence installations within 10 km

radius;

There are no archaeologically important places within 10 km radius from the

project site;

Hooghly river is flows at a distance of 1.3 km, East from the project site;

The nearest railway station is Konnagar/Rishra at a distance of about 1.5 km in

North direction; and the nearest airport is Netaji Subash Chandra Bose

International Airport at a distance of 11.9 km in South East direction;




The nearest state highway is SH-6 at 1.1 km in East direction and the nearest

national highway is NH-6 at 7.0 km in SSW direction; and

Proposed plant site does not fall in any critically polluted areas as per the CPCB

Notification.

11.2 Resource Requirement

Land Requirement

The total land available for the existing plant is about 5.0 acres. The proposed

capacity augmentation project is within the premises of existing and operating

plant located at Rishra-Konnagar, Hooghly district, West Bengal. Only the shift

number will increase from existing two shifts/day to three shifts/day operations.

No additional land is required.

Power Requirement

The maximum demand of power will be increased from existing 500 KW to 750

KW for proposed augmentation and will be sourced from Calcutta Electricity

Supply Corporation (CESC). To support the safe operations during power failure,

1 no. of D.G set (1010 KVA) has already been installed at site.

Water Requirement

The water requirement for the operating unit is mainly for finished product,

equipment cooling as well as for domestic and firefighting purposes. The total

water demand for the project after the proposed capacity augmentation is about

110 m3/day and will be met through ground water.

Manpower Requirement

The total manpower requirement during installation and operational phase will be

33 nos and will be employed by phase wise manner.

11.3 Baseline Environmental Status

As per EIA notification, 10 km radius area surrounding project site has been

considered as study area for monitoring various environmental attributes.

Detailed field studies have been conducted for three months during 1st December,

2016 to 28th February, 2017 representing winter season.

11.3.1 Meteorological Data Generated at Site

The meteorological parameters were recorded on hourly basis during the study

period near project site and comprises of parameters like wind speed, wind

direction (from 0 to 360 degrees), temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and

cloud cover.




The predominant wind directions during study period are N (14.8%), NW (5.9%)

and S (3.8%).

The minimum and maximum temperatures recorded during the study period are

13.20C and 31.7oC observed in the month of January and February respectively.

During the period of observation, the relative humidity recorded ranged from 49-

72% observed in the month of February and January respectively.

11.3.2 Ambient Air Quality

Eight Ambient Air Quality monitoring stations were selected in and around project

site and study was conducted as per revised NAAQ standards 2009.

The minimum PM10 concentration is observed as 18.7 g/m3 and the maximum

concentration is observed as 45.8 g/m3 during the study period.

The minimum concentration of PM2.5 is observed as 10.7 g/m3 and the maximum

concentration is observed as 24.8 g/m3 during the study period.

Similarly, maximum SO2 and NOx concentrations are observed as 14.6 g/m3 and

18.3 g/m3 respectively; and the minimum concentrations are observed as 8.4

g/m3 and 11.5 g/m3 respectively during the study period.

Ambient air quality analysis reveals that these results are well within limits in all

locations as per National Ambient Air Quality standards.

11.3.3 Water Quality

Water samples were collected from 12 sampling locations (eight ground water

samples and four surface water samples). These samples were taken as grab

samples and were analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards.

The results for the groundwater samples analysed indicate that the pH ranges in

between 7.0 to 7.8. The TDS recorded in between 1094 to 1397 mg/l. The total

hardness is in the range of 402 to 580 mg/l, and is observed to be within the

permissible limit of 600 mg/l. The chlorides concentration is in the range of 317.5

to 421.6 mg/l, and is observed to be beyond the desirable limit of 250 mg/l. The

quality of groundwater bodies are observed to be in general in compliance with

IS-10500 specifications, except for a few parameters.

The results for the surface water samples analysed indicate that, the pH of the

water samples collected was observed to be in the range of 7.3 to 8.4. The TDS

was found to be in the range of 252 to 783 mg/l. Chlorides are varying 54.6 to

172.2 mg/l.




11.3.4 Soil Environment

A total of 8 samples within the study area were collected and analyzed. It has

been observed that the texture of soil is mostly clayey loam in the study area.

The pH of the soil in the study area ranged from 6.5 to 7.3. The soil is slightly

acidic to neutral in nature.

The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 89 µmhos/cm to

504 µmhos/cm. The nitrogen values range between 73.6 to 517.4 kg/ha. The

phosphorus values range between 62.8 to 402.8 kg/ha. The potassium values

range between 77.4 to 516.2 kg/ha. The soil from the study area indicates

sufficient to more than sufficient fertility due to their organic carbon and NPK

content.

11.3.5 Noise Level Survey

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at eight

locations in the study area. The daytime noise levels ranged from 44.2 to 58.3

dB(A) and during the night time noise levels ranged from 41.2 to 55.1 dB (A).

Noise monitoring results reveal ambient noise levels in all locations are well within

the limits as per Ambient Noise standards for respective zones.

11.3.6 Flora and Fauna Studies

A preliminary survey was made for determination of baseline details of flora. There

is no presence of Schedule- I species in the study area. Also there is no presence

of endangered plants or threatened plants in the study area as per the list of

Botanical Survey of India.

11.3.7 Socio-Economic Environment

The information on socio-economic aspects of the study area has been compiled

from secondary sources, which mainly include census data of 2011. The

localities/blocks of Kolkata city covered in 10 km radius study area.

The total population of the study area is about 2,76,6832. The sex ratio is 952.

About 88.76% of people are literates. Total work participation in the project area is

35.45 % and the non-workers constitute 64.55 %.

11.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The environmental impacts during implementation and operation phases of the

proposed project have been assessed and adequate management plan has been

evolved to mitigate the impacts.

There are no constructional activities involved in the proposed augmentation project

and hence, the impacts during operational phase have been discussed.




11.4.1 Land Environment

The proposed augmentation project will be within the existing plant. However, there

is no impact on land use due to the proposed project. The proposed site is a flat

area. No major change in topography of the site is envisaged due to proposed

project activity.

As there are no additional land acquisitions, no land degradation activities are

involved.

11.4.2 Air Environment

No installation of tall structures involved. Emission may be expected only from

steam generator; emissions are well within the limits specified by WBPCB/CPCB.

Proper maintenance of vehicles and equipment will help in controlling the gaseous

emissions. Water sprinkling on roads and construction site will prevent fugitive dust,

in case of any new construction.

11.4.3 Water Environment

Water Requirement

The water requirement for the existing plant is mainly for finished products,

equipment cooling as well as for domestic and firefighting purposes. The total

water demand for the project after the proposed capacity augmentation is about

110 m3/day which will be met through ground water.

Wastewater Management

The domestic wastewater therefore mostly comprised of domestic wastewater

from toilets and washing places. The toilets are connected to septic tanks. Since

there is hardly any fiscal matter, the waste does not require elaborate treatment,

it will be mixed with the treated industrial wastewater and will be used for

gardening and plant use.

Treated water recycled from ETP will be used for operations like fire pond &

dilution of raw effluents. For augmenting the ground water resources in the

proposed expansion project, a number of rainwater harvesting bore wells will be

connected to the internal drains and excess rain water flowing in the drains will

be diverted to these bore wells. These structures will facilitate percolation of

water into the ground, thus augmenting the groundwater sources. This will result

in groundwater recharge.

The storm water from paved areas will be treated for the removal of oil & grease

and sediments and routed to the water harvesting structures to recharge the

ground water table. The storm water from the previous area will also be routed to

the rainwater harvesting structures;




11.4.4 Solid / Hazardous Waste Generation and Management

Empty drums, containers etc., will be washed thoroughly with suitable solvent

before selling them to WBPCB authorized recyclers/agencies. The wash water will

be treated and material will be reused in process. The used oil will be collected in

a shock proof, puncture proof, tear and wear proof as well as tight barrels, which

will be disposed off through authorized WBPCB agencies.

The industry will employ efficient plan for hazardous waste management in

compliance to the hazardous wastes (Management, Handling & Trans-boundary

Movement) Rules 2012.

11.4.5 Noise Environment

The noise control measures include provision of acoustic enclosures around the

equipment and regular maintenance of the equipment.

11.4.6 Biological Environment

Aquatic life observed in the nearby streams is common in nature and these do not

harbor any endangered species. A comprehensive greenbelt programme which is

in implementation at the operating plant improves the ecological condition of the

region. No endangered, rare and threatened species are observed in this area.

There is no ecologically sensitive area like National park or Sanctuaries or

Biosphere Reserves within the study area.

11.4.7 Environment Management

Total area allotted for the plant is about 5 acres. At present greenbelt & green

cover area is about 0.625 acres.

Existing plant environmental management practices are given below in brief:

On-line monitoring of ETP discharge water parameter (pH, COD, BOD, TSS,

flow);

Treated water recycling for non-critical operations;

Ambient and work zone monitoring (PM , SOx, NOx);

5% Water & Energy consumption reduction per MT of products year-to-year

basis;

Noise Monitoring;

Stack emission monitoring (Steam generator); and

Plantation

11.5 Environmental Monitoring Program

An impact assessment study is carried over short period of time and the data

cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities.

Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is

essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality.




A detailed post project monitoring in respect of air, water, soil, landuse,

occupational noise, etc to assess the changes has been evolved covering various

phases of project advancement. The monitoring shall include the compliances to

legal and statutory controls imposed on the operation as well as other corporate

commitment to responsible environment management. Systems for monitoring

resources inputs (energy, chemical use, water, raw materials), equipment and plant

performance and waste generations will also be set up. A detailed wastes

management plan with monitoring programme will be in place during various

phases of activity.

11.6 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accident consisting

of an event or sequence of events resulting into fire, explosion or toxic hazards to

human health and environment. A major accident may cause severe danger to

life and properties. The assessment will be based on:

• Onsite losses; and

• Offsite losses.

Technological risks posed by the factory constitute threat to:

Its workers;

To a third party who may be present either in the plant or in its vicinity at the

time of accident;

Inhabitants living in the immediate neighborhood of the plant and their

property;

Environmental conditions around the plant site;

Release of toxic or corrosive liquids / gas from their confinement. The primary

reason why such a disaster may occur, inspite of all precautionary measures

is that major type of chemicals handled, are highly hazardous in nature and in

substantial quantities; or

A combination of more than one of such accidental phenomenon.

The emergency planning includes anticipatory action for emergency, maintenance

and streamlining of emergency preparedness and ability for sudden mobilization

of all forces to meet any calamity. The facilities available for Emergency Response

are: Ambulance with driver, fire tender, alarm, fire extinguishers, fire water tanks

and occupational health center.

An effective on-site emergency plan to mitigate the risks involved has been

prepared. This plan defines the responsibilities and resources available to respond to

the different types of emergencies envisaged. Training exercises are held to ensure

that all personnel are familiar with their responsibilities and that communication

links are functioning effectively.

Our plant is ISO-9001, ISO-14001 & OHSAS-18001 certified with TRIR is zero since

inception.




11.7 Administrative Aspects of Implementation of EMP

Environment management will be the responsibility of the environment

management team headed by the plant manager and comprising of

environmental engineer, safety officer, chemists, production manager,

engineering manager etc.

The plant manager will be responsible for environmental management activities in

the specialty chemicals manufacturing plant. To facilitate effective environment

management, Nalco Water India Limited created a team consisting of officers

from various disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with the

management and implementation of the environmental control measures. The

environmental management team would also co-ordinate all the related activities

such as collection of statistics of health of workers, afforestation and green belt

development activities.

11.8 Project Benefits

The proposed project is expected to create full time as well as part time job

opportunities to the local population through direct and indirect employment. The

area will experience better educational, medical and infrastructural facilities.

Environmental sustainability, ecological balance, protection of flora and fauna,

animal welfare, agroforestry, conservation of natural resources and maintaining

quality of soil, air and water is also ensured through Nalco plant operational

activities.




FIGURE-11.1

STUDY AREA MAP


Chapter-12 Disclosure of Consultants


12.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

12.1 Introduction

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environment Management Plan

(EMP) report has been prepared by carrying out various scientific studies. Studies

have been carried out by engaging scientists/engineers/experts of Vimta Labs

Limited, India and its associates.

12.2 Vimta Labs Limited - Environment Consultant

Vimta Labs Limited is a leading multi-disciplinary testing and research

laboratory in India. VIMTA provides contract research and testing services in the

areas of environmental assessment, analytical testing, clinical research, pre-

clinical (animal) studies, clinical reference lab services, advanced molecular

biology services and research & development studies.

The Environment Division has been in the forefront of its vision to provide

better environment through guiding and assisting the industry for sustainable

development. A stalwart in the mission to protect and preserve the natural

resources on earth for future generations, it offers extensive research and

consultancy services in the field of environment. With its rich experience, multi-

disciplinary expertise and with the support of its state-of the-art analytical

equipment, the services offered by the division are wide ranging and

encompasses entire gamut of environment management and monitoring services.

With its emphasis on quality services over the years, it has evolved itself into a

single reference point in India for comprehensive environmental services.

12.2.1 The Quality Policy

VIMTA is committed to good professional practices and quality of operations in

its testing, validation and research services;

VIMTA shall ensure customer satisfaction by maintaining independence,

impartiality and integrity in its operations;

VIMTA shall provide the services in accordance with national and international

norms;

VIMTA shall implement quality systems as per ISO/IEC 17025 and applicable

Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs) & Good Clinical Practices (GCPs), to

generate technically valid results/data; and

VIMTA shall ensure that all its personnel familiarize with the policies and

procedures of the quality system and implement the same in their work.

12.2.2 Major Milestones and Accreditations

1984 - Registered with an initial investment of Rs.200,000=00

1985 - Recognized by ISI (now known as Bureau of Indian Standards)




1987 - Qualified by the criteria of Ministry of Environment and Forests, India

and was notified as one of the first 14 Standard Environmental Laboratories

published in the Gazette of India

1988 - Licensed for carrying out tests on Drugs and Pharmaceuticals

1991 - Accredited by NCTCF, DST, Government of India (the forerunner of

NABL)

1995 - Accredited by NABL, India under its revised scheme, certified by

Standards Australia, Quality Assurance Services as per ISO/IEC Guide 25 and

ISO 9002

1996 - GLP Compliance

1998 - Accreditation by GOSSTANDART and joint venture for certification of

Food Exports with ROSTEST, Russia

1998 - World Bank Recognition

2002 - ANVISA Brazil Certification

2003 - USFDA accepts Vimta Bioequivalence study report. Showcased Vimta

at AAPS (USA) and ICSE-CPHI (Germany)

2003 – Recognized by Saudi Arabian Standards Organization

2004- Enters Gulf market - Executes a contract for environmental consultancy

in Kuwait

2006 –Expands its overseas activities. Undertakes environmental assignment

in Saudi Arabia

2006 – Undertakes environmental impact assignment in Tanzania, Africa

2008 – Has been Pre-Qualified by World Health Organization (WHO)

2009 – Undertaken environment impact Assignment in Cameroon, Africa.

12.2.3 Services Offered

Spread over 70,000 sq.ft lush green garden premises at Cherlapally, Hyderabad

(India), the scientifically designed and meticulously groomed infrastructural

facility of the Central Laboratory of VIMTA has the most sophisticated

instruments backed by an excellent team of professionals.

Over 150,000 sq. ft. of world class research laboratory is also under operation at

Biotech Park-Genome Valley, Hyderabad (India). Having all the facilities under

one roof is perhaps the only one of its kind in South Asia in the contract testing

and research sector.




VIMTA Central Laboratory, Cherlapally, Hyderabad VIMTA Life Sciences, Genome Valley, Hyderabad

Vimta offers services under the following specializations:

Environment;

Analytical;

Clinical Reference Lab;

Clinical Research;

Preclinical;

Molecular Biology; and

Research and Development.

The environment division of VIMTA Labs Limited (VLL) has its presence all over

India and other countries including a strong association with international

consultants like Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Kennametal Inc.

- USA, Rudal Blanchard – UK, E&E Solutions – Japan, NAPESCO & Kuwait National

Petroleum Corporation – Kuwait, Marafiq and Haif Consultants – Saudi Arabia and

others. Vimta Labs Limited has the following credentials:

Recognition by BIS, India;

Recognition by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India and

various State Pollution Control Boards (wherever applicable);

Recognition by Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India (NABL);

Recognition by Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India;

Recognition by APEDA, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India;

Recognition by Saudi Arabia Standard Organization (SASO), Saudi Arabia;

Recognition from NEMC, Tanzania;

Accreditation by NCTCF;

Certification from Standard Australia;

Recognition from ANVISA Brazil;

Recognition from USFDA;

Quality Assurance Services as per ISO/IEC 17025;

Quality Assurance Services as per ICH Guidelines; and

Recognition by World Health Organization (WHO).




12.2.4 Services of Environment Division

Environment essentially being a multi-disciplinary science, the range of services

offered by the division are also comprehensive and caters to the needs of

industry, pollution control agencies, regulatory authorities and in a larger pursuit

of a green globe. The services under environment include:

Site selection and liability studies;

Environmental impact assessments;

Environment management plans;

Carrying capacity based regional studies;

Environmental audits;

Solid and hazardous waste management;

Risk assessment (MCA,HAZON,HAZOP) & disaster management plans;

Occupational health and safety, industrial hygiene;

Environmental monitoring for air, meteorology, water, soil, noise, ecology and

socio-economics;

Industrial emission source monitoring;

Offshore sampling and analysis of marine water and sediments;

Marine ecological studies;

Marine impact assessment;

Rehabilitation and resettlement studies;

Forestry and ecological studies;

Geological and hydro-geological studies;

Land use /land cover studies based on remote sensing;

Socio-economic studies;

Due diligence studies;

Industrial epidemiological studies;

Wasteland management studies; and

Study on bio-indicators.

The services under Environmental Chemistry include:

Analysis of water, wastewater, soil, solid waste, hazardous waste as per

international codes;

Source emissions and work zone air/noise quality monitoring;

Analysis of SVOCs, VOCs, PAH, BTEX, AOX, PCB’s, TCLP metals, TOC etc.;

Categorization of hazardous waste; and

Pesticide residue analysis.

12.2.5 Facilities of Environment Division

Vimta-Environment Division is located in scientifically designed Central Laboratory

with the state-of the-art modern facilities to offer vide range of services in indoor

and outdoor monitoring and analytical characterization in the field of

Environment. Further, it is ably supported by highly skilled and experienced team

of professionals in the fields of science, engineering, ecology, meteorology, social

planning, geology & hydro-geology and environmental planning.




Besides the regular monitoring equipment such as PM10 & PM2.5 Samplers,

automatic weather monitoring stations, stack monitoring kits, personal samplers,

noise meters, portable water kits etc, the other major specialized equipment

include:

Monostatic Sodar–Designed by National Physical Laboratory, GOI;

Integrated Noise Level Meters–Quest, U.S.A;

Flue Gas Analyzers–Testo, Germany;

113-A Gravimetric Dust Sampler-Casella, London;

ICP AES– Varian, USA;

Gas Liquid Chromatographs with FID, ECD & pFPD–Varian, USA;

Gas Chromatograph with Mass Detector–Varian, USA;

Atomic Absorption Spectrometer [AAS]–Varian, USA;

PAS-AFC-123 instrument;

High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC);

Laser Particle Size Analyzer;

Bomb Calorimeter;

Polarographs;

X-ray Fluorescent Spectrometer;

Flame Photometer;

Carbon Sulphur Analyzer;

Computerized Fatigue Testing Machine;

Electronic Universal Testing Machine;

Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscope; and

Water Flow Current Meter – make Lawrence & Mayo.

HIGH RESOLUTION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS




12.2.6 Quality Systems

The basic fact that environment division and its supporting site laboratories are

accredited by NABL (IS0-17025) and Ministry of Environment and Forests, India

and by other international bodies stand testimony to its emphasis on Quality

Systems.

The detail of the persons involved in the preparation of present EIA/EMP report is

presented below:




DETAILS OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN CURRENT EIA/EMP STUDY – VIMTA LABS LTD

Sr. No.

Name Qualification Position Contribution Expertise/Functional Area

Experience

1 Mr. M. Janardhan M.Tech (Env. Engg)

Vice President & Head (Env)

Co-ordination EIA Co-ordinator and FAE for AP, AQ, NV &

SHW

About 25 years of experience in the field of Environmental Management and Environmental Engineering

2 Dr. B. Chandra Sekhar M.Sc., Ph.D Associate Vice President

Co-ordination EIA Co-ordinator About 17 years of experience in the field of Environmental Management and Modeling

3 Mr. G. V. Raghava Rao M.Tech (Env) Manager Expert FAE-AP, ISW & MSW About 17 years of experience in the field of Environmental Management and Environmental Engineering

4 Ms. Bh. Durga Bhavani M. Sc (Env Science), M.Tech

Group Leader Expert EIA Co-ordinator And FAE – WP, AQ, Team Member SHW

About 16 years of experience in the field of Environmental Management and Environmental Chemistry

5 Mr. Rajashekar T M.Sc., Ph.D Sr. Scientist Expert FAE-EB About 10 years of experience in the field of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

6 Mr. Praveen M.Tech (Env.) Sr. Engineer Expert Team Member About 6 years of experience in the field of Environment Management and Engineering

7 Ms. Olive Eunice M.Tech Env Engineer Expert Team Member About 3 year of experience in the field of

Environment Management and Engineering

8 Mr. Vishnu Teja M.Tech (Env) Engineer Expert Team Member About 4 year of experience in the field of Environment Management and Engineering

9 Ms. Ashwani M.S.C Scientist Expert Team Member About 3 year of experience in the field of Environmental Management and Environmental Chemistry

10 Ms. D. Svega M.Tech (Env) Env Engineer Expert Team Member About 4 years of experience in the field of Environment Management and Engineering

11 Mr. Venkatesham M.S.W Group Leader Expert FAE-SE About 15 years of experience in the field of social Impact Assessment Studies

12 Dr. B. Sreekanth Ph.D. (Env.Engg)

Env. Engineer Expert Team Member About 5 years of experience in the field of Environment Management and Engineering

13 Mr. Ch. Narendra M.S.W Scientist Expert AFAE-SE About 3 years of experience in the field of Social Impact Assessment Studies

14 Mr. Rajeshwar MSc. Geology & Scientist Trainee Team Team Member-HG About 5 years of experience in the field of geology




Sr.

No.

Name Qualification Position Contribution Expertise/Functional Area

Experience

Hydrogeology Member and Hydrogeology

15 Mr. P. Niranjan Babu B.Com Dy. Manager Secretarial Support

-- About 29 years of experience in the field of environmental monitoring and secretarial support

16 Mr. P. Krishna I.T.I (Civil) Jr.Engineer Cartography -- About 15 years of experience in the field of environmental management and civil drawings

17 Mr. J. Rama Krishna I.T.I (Civil) Jr.Engineer Cartography -- About 14 years of experience in the field of environmental management and civil drawings

Empanelled Experts

1 Mr. J. Rajendra Prasad M.Sc. Consultant Expert FAE-HG, LU/LC About 15 years of experience in the field of Land use studies, Remote Sensing and Hydrogeology

2 Mr. Rajgopal Krishnan M. Tech (Chemical Engg)

Consultant Expert FAE for RH About 40 years of experience in the field of Risk and Hazard assessment

3 Mr. Balakrishna Shankarrao Lole

M.Sc. (Ag) Consultant Expert FAE for SE About 38 years of experience in the field of Soil Conservation

Documents

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/04062019B876YJBEE… · specialty chemical company in India to be ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 certified