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ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS TO MONITOR
THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN
UZBEKISTAN
Khalilulla Sherimbetov,
Project Task Manager
In the international Conference “Environment for Europe” in Kiev in May 2003, the environmental ministers of 51 countries (including Uzbekistan) have considered and approved «Guiding principles on preparation of national environmental reports [on state and protection of nature]» prepared by UNECE Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Special emphasis in this document was focused upon a selection of the required
environmental indicators for an assessment of the state of the environment
The ultimate Project outcome To improve the quality of monitoring of the
environmental state for more effective decision-making in the field of nature protection as well as nature resources use, and performance of the nature-conservative measures
The main Project objectives
Main objectives
1. Identify representative aspects of the environment & create a core set of indicators
adopted for each aspect
2. Develop the monitoring programme for the
selected environmental indicators
3. Develop the environ-mental indicators database(EID) to process, store and
retrieve data
4. Design and develop a software for the EID
management
Expected outputs An effective system of indicators created for assessment of environment
quality and nature resources use and development of the environmental monitoring system on this base.
Database developed and updated on a regular basis in accordance with signed agreements between Goskompriroda and generators/owners of desirable ecological data.
Data are being managed effectively in order to produce the products required by decision-makers and other clients.
Good level of awareness by the clients achieved about the availability of such tool to increase effectiveness of their decision-making and other activities to reduce negative consequences for environment.
Improved public awareness and sensitivity on the issues of the protection of environment.
Usage of the Project outputs The environmental indicators database can be used by interested
ministries and other organizations responsible for protection of the environment and nature resources use for the following:
preparation of the State of Environment Reports as well as other reports on nature protection and nature resources use;
fulfillment of obligations of the Republic of Uzbekistan on various international environmental conventions;
development and realization of measures for protection of environment;
Economic and social development planning and other strategic areas to provide a sustainable development of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Creating of the national environmental indicators of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Key objective of the environmental indicators system designed for Uzbekistan is to establish a single national policy of the state of environmental monitoring, improving efficiency of relevant activities and environmental decision making, and rational management of national natural resources.
The Republic of Uzbekistan is a participant of the UNECE programme “Environment for Europe”.
Therefore, when selecting indicators, mainly , were only applied the criteria used by the UNECE and EAOC experts for the EECCA countries.
Criteria for the selection of the main core set of indicators:
Linkage with country environmental priorities
Linkage with international environmental policy
Importance as a mean of communications and for informing public on the current state of the environment
Measurability
Availability of historical series of data (regular data flow)
Predictability
Reliability
The core set of the national environmental indicators
In total 91 indicators were selected of which 68 indicators are from the international list of the EECCA countries and 23 indicators describe the specific environment of Uzbekistan
The selected indicators were grouped according to the following priority environmental problems and economy sectors:
Atmospheric air – 20
Water resources – 25
Land resources – 14
Biological resources – 6
Waste – 9
Climate change – 6
Energy – 4
Taking into account the country specifics for Uzbekistan the list of indicators was supplemented with two sections related to Aral Sea and public health:
Aral sea - 2 Public health - 5
Introduction of every indicator is time bound and it is agreed with the potential responsible party:
short-term indicators to be introduced as of 2005;
midterm indicators to be introduced as of 2007-2008;
long-term indicators to be introduced after 2010.
THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Atmosphere air pollution
1. Total emission of acidifying pollutants (SO2, NOx) from non-mobile and mobile sources (total and by sectors)
2. SO2 emissions, related to power generation 3. NОх emissions, related to power generation
4. SO2 emissions from non-mobile and mobile sources (total and break-down by sectors)
5. Particulate matter emissions, related to power generation
6. NH3 emissions (total and break-down by sectors) 7. NOx emissions from non-mobile and mobile sources (total and by sectors)
8. NOx, СО emissions from mobile sources
9. Particulate matter emissions from non-mobile and mobile sources (total and break-down by sectors)
10. NОx emissions intensity, related to power generation
11. SO2 emissions intensity, related to power generation (Tons/KW per hour)
THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Atmosphere
12. Number of days when NO2 concentration in urban areas is above the maximum allowed concentration (regular/routine observations)
13. Number of days when particulate matter concentration in urban areas is above the
maximum allowed concentration (regular/routine observations) 14. Number of days when CO concentration in urban areas is above the maximum allowed
concentration (regular/routine observations)
15. Number of days when SO2 concentration in urban areas is above the maximum allowed concentration (regular/routine observations)
16. Urban population exposed to air quality axcceedances (e.g. multiplicity maximum allowed concentrations or air pollution index)
17. Efficacy of measures aimed at SO2 and NOx emissions abatement
THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
18. Consumption of Ozone Depletion Substances (ODS), taking into account Ozone Depletion Capacity (ODC)
19. Precipitation
20. Snow cover
21. Emissions of greenhouse gases and comparative analysis with target indicators, provided that any are available
22. Projected emissions of greenhouse gases by 2010 and comparative analysis with target indicators, provided that any are available
23. River Flow Deficit Index
24. Water level change (Aral sea)
Climate change
THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Water resources
25. Total water consumption (including all types of users)
26. Fresh water resources (surface and underground)
27. Utilities water consumption
28. Total integral water abstraction (surface and underground water)
29. Agriculture water consumption
30. (Index) of household drinking water consumption per capita
31. Total volume of water resources in water reservoirs
32. Industry water consumption
33. Irreversible water loses (in agriculture)
34. Proportion of reused water
THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Water resources
35. Quality of drinking water (proportion of samples non-compliant with standard)
36. Organic matters discharge according to the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
37. BOD and ammonia nitrogen in surface water
38. Nutrients in surface waters (nitrates and phosphates)
39. Nutrients discharge from urban sewerage treatment facilities (nitrates and phosphates)
40. Proportion of urban raw sewerage in total urban water discharge
41. Nitrates concentration in underground waters
42. Industrial discharge of hazardous substances
43. Hazardous substances concentration in surface waters
44. Pesticides concentration in underground waters
45. Other hazardous substances concentration in underground waters
46. Water Pollution Index (WPI) classification
THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Land
47. Soil pollution by pesticides
48. Proportion of agricultural land affected by wind and water erosion
49. Agriculture land cover change
50. Mineral fertilizer use
51. Pesticides use
Biodiversity
52. Total amount of protected natural zones
53. Natural forests area
54. Proportion of endangered species of animals listed in the Red Book
55. Endangered species of plants listed in the Red Book
THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Energy
56. Total energy consumption by type of fuel57. Total power intensity (specific power consumption per Gross Domestic Product GDP)58. Renewable energy consumption 59. Power generated from renewable energy sources
Waste
60. Total amount of generated waste 61. Toxic hazardous waste generation 62. Industrial waste generation63. Cross-border transportation of hazardous waste64. Total waste disposal65. Waste generation intensity (total amount waste per GDP)66. Household waste generation67. Waste recycling 68. Waste recycling output capacity
THE ADDITIONAL CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS FOR UZBEKISTAN
1. Total gross emission of pollutants including: non-mobile sources, mobile sources
2. Pollutant emission per capita (regular/ routine observations in towns)3. Atmospheric pollution in urban ( Atmospheric Pollution Index)
Atmosphere
Climate change
4. Temperature deviation from climate baseline norm (1961-1990)
THE ADDITIONAL CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS FOR UZBEKISTAN
5. Approved amount of underground water available for consumption6. Underground Water Pollution Index (UWPI)
7. Total agricultural land (including homestead and irrigated land)8. Irrigated land used for sowing9. Cotton crops capacity10. Compliance of crop rotation on irrigated land for land reclamation11. Quality of irrigated arable land 12. Land subjected to under flooding13. Irrigated land salinization14. Pasture overgrazing15. Land radiation pollution
Water resources
Land
THE ADDITIONAL CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS FOR UZBEKISTAN
16. Total forestry fund land area covered by forest 17. Protective afforestation coverage
18. Afforested dried seabed area
Aral sea
Biodiversity
Public health
19. Population morbidity20. Population mortality21. Morbidity rate for children under the age of 1422. Infant mortality (for children under the age of 1)23. Non compliance of foodstuffs and raw food materials with sanitation requirements
SanPin N 0138-03, N 0109-01
Methodology and schemeA special methodology for defining the core set of environmental indicators as well as the description scheme for each of the selected indicators were presented by the UN Commission on Sustainable Development in its “Indicators of Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies", United Nations, New York, 2001. On this basis the following description scheme of the ecological indicators for Uzbekistan was developed: 1.Title 2.Brief definition3.Unit of measurement 4.Purposes and usefulness in decision-making, including the indicator role in DPSIR framework 5.International conventions and agreements in the area, if available 6.International and national target indictors, issue-specific standards and normatives, if available 7.Framework 8.Measurement methods 9.Requirements to monitoring and data collection 10.Difficulties and limitations 11.Reference to national and international databases, if available 12.Reference materials 13.References corresponding publications
This scheme is a basis for the development of the document “Guideline principles for the application of the environmental indicators in Uzbekistan”
All selected indicators enable to perform environmental assessment and observe its dynamics when monitoring the environment not only at regional and national level but, and this is very important, at local level.
Tracing the environmental situation at local level facilitates a more reliable identification of the specific sectors where the most critical environmental situation lies, allowing the drafting of targeted action plans for its stabilization.
The proposed environmental indicators are the fundamental basis underpinning environmental assessment, environmental policy and decision making in Uzbekistan. It is also possible to introduce changes and additions during environmental monitoring, with the purpose of dynamic and continuous improvement of the system.
Environmental Information Sharing
DatasetB
DatasetC
DatasetD
DatasetA
DatasetN
EnvironmentalInformation
Portal
Users
LANIntranetInternet
Data Providers
Data Providers
Examples:the UNEP Geodata Portal (http://geodata.grid.unep.ch/)the FAO GeoNetwork (http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/)
Users
Conceptof the
Uzbekistan EIS
Data providers
Environmental Indicators for Uzbekistan (91)Themes: Atmosphere, Freshwater, Land, Biodiversity, Waste
Energy, Aral Sea, Climate Change, and Public Health
Goskompriroda and UNDP Environment Programme
Search and query by:
1. Keyword
2. Environmental theme
3. Environmental
Indicator
4. Time
5. Place
Web site(Http://eis.nature.uz)
Environmental Indicators Database
Output options:Table and Graph reports
Search Flow Mechanism
Keyword*
Dataset
Time
Output options
Simple search by keyword (e.g. air, CO2 emissions, water) *Advanced search allows searching for keyword, environmental theme , environmental indicator, time, place.
List of matching datasets: the search is narrowed down to a dataset (single or aggregated).
Search is narrowed down according by time: single time unit (e.g. year) or time range (e.g. 1991, 1992 or 1990 to 2000).
Data display is available in a number of formats: interactive table display, interactive graphic display, data download. Search refine is also possible.
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Data search range