Epc Basics

8/17/2019 Epc Basics

1/20

Piping Fundamentals

Piping System - What is that?Concept Layout Development

Piping Components & their access requirement.

Straight length requirements.

rientation o! various tapings" components" etc.Piping Drains & #ents

$nsulation.

%aterial & Siing

Critical piping system consideration.

Pipe Stress 'nalysis.

Pipe Supports


2/20

$t is a (u)ular item made o! metal" plastic" glass etc.meant !or conveying Liquid" *as or any thing that

!lo+s.

$t is a very important component !or any industrialplant. 'nd it,s engineering plays a maor part in overall

engineering o! a Plant.

Piping Fundamentals


3/20

In any plant various fluids flow through pipes

from one end to other.

Now let us start with a plant where we see three

tanks.

Tank-1, Tank-2 and Tank-3

We have to transfer the ontent of Tank no. 1 to

the other two tanks.

We will need to onnet pipes to transfer the

fluids from Tank-1 to Tank-2 and Tank-3

!"T #$ %&IN' T(" )I)"$.


4/20

We have *ust +rought the pipes, now we

need to solve some more pro+lems.

)ipes are all straight piees.

We need some

+ranh

onnetions

We need some +end

onnetions

" v e n s o m

e p i p e

s a r e

o f d i f

f e r e n t s i ,

e s -

To solve these

pro+lems we need the

pipe omponents,

whih are alled

)I)" ITTIN'$


5/20

These are the pipe fittings,

There are various types of fittings for various

purposes, some ommon types are -

"l+ows/%ends, Tees/%ranhes,

&eduers/"0panders, ouplings, lets, et.

nyway, the pipes and

fittings are in plae, +ut the

ends are yet to +e *oined withthe Tank noles.

We now have to omplete theend onnetions.

These, in piping term, we all

T"&4IN! NN"TIN$.


6/20

These are flanged *oints

This is a welded *oint

$o far this is a nie arrangement.

%ut there is no ontrol over the flow from Tank-1

to other tanks.

We need some arrangement to stop the

flow if needed

To ontrol the flow in a pipe line weneed to fit a speial omponent.

That is alled - 5!5"


7/20

There are many types of valves, ategoried

+ased on their onstrution and funtionality,

Those are - 'ate, 'lo+e, hek, %utterfly, et.

ther than valves another important

line omponent of pipe line is a filter,

whih leans out der+ies from theflowing fluid. This is alled a

$T&IN"&


8/20

(ere we see a more or less funtional piping

system, with valves and strainer installed.

!et us now investigate some aspets of pipe

fle0i+ility.

If this tank nole

e0pands, when

the tank is hot.

In suh ase we need to fit a fle0i+le

pipe omponent at that loation,

whih is alled an "6)N$IN

7INT


9/20

When some fluid is flowing in a pipe we may

also like know the parameters like, pressure,

temperature, flow rate et. of the fluid.

To know these information we need

to install IN$T"NT$ in thepipeline.


10/20

There are various types instruments to measure various

parameters. lso there are speifi riteria for installation

of various pipe line instruments.Ne0t we shall look

into how to

$#))&T thepipe/and it8s

omponents.


11/20

(ere are some of the pipe supporting arrangements.

There an +e numerous variants. ll depend on piping

designer8s preferene and *udgement.

!et us see some T("& types of supports


12/20


13/20


14/20

While arrying out pipe routing we also need to onsider the following

5alves, strainers, instruments on the pipe should +e easily aessi+le.

If needed separate "$$ )!T&4$ to +e provided to failitate these.

9esired loation and orientation of valves / instruments and other pipeomponents are to +e heked and maintained, like some valves or strainers

an only +e installed in horiontal position.

$peifi re:uirements for instrument installation to +e heked, like

temperature gauge an not +e installed in pipe whih is less than ; inh in sie.

$peifi re:uirements of $T&I'(T !"N'T( of pipe for some omponents to+e maintained, like for flow orifie we need to provide 1< times diameter

straight pipe length at upstream of orifie and < times diameter straight at down

stream of orifie.

"0ample of $traight length re:uirement for low rifie


15/20

lso arrangement is kept in the

pipeline so that li:uid an +e

drained out if re:uired.

To ahieve this a 9&IN onnetion

with 5alve is provided at the lowest

point of the pipeline )ipes are also slopped towards low

points.

or )ipeline whih shall arry li:uid, we have to make sure that all air is

allowed to vent out of the line when the line is filled with li:uid.

To ahieve this a 5"NT onnetion with 5alve is provided at the top most point

of the pipeline.

!et us look

into typial5ent and

9rain

arrangement

in a pipeline


16/20

NSULAT ON

- When hot fluid flows through pipe then generally pipe is

insulated.

There are two primary reasons for insulating the pipe arrying hot fluid.

ontaining the heat inside the pipe. Insulation preserves the heat of the fluid. Itis alled (ot Insulation

)ersonnel safety, so that people do not get +urn in*ury +y touhing hot surfae

of pipe. It is alled )ersonnel )rotetion Insulationold pipes are also insulated

old or hilled fluid arrying pipes are insulated to prevent heating of old fluid

from outside. It is alled old Insulation. $ome times old pipes are insulated to prevent ondensation of atmospheri

water vapor on pipe surfae. It is alled nti-$weat Insulation.

ther types of Insulation

When gas flows through pipes at high veloity, it reates noise. In suh ases

pipes are insulated to redue noise. It is alled ousti Insulation. $ome times pipe and it8s ontent are heated from outside, +y heat traing

element. In that ase pipe along with heat traing element are insulated to

onserve the heat of the traer. It is alled (eat Traing Insulation.


17/20

IN$#!TIN 4T"&I! - The insulating material should +e +ad ondutor of heat.

There are two +asi ategories

1= i+rous 4aterial, whih has large voids full of air +etween fi+ers - ork, 'lass Wool

4ineral Wool, rgani i+ers. Note stagnant air is a +ad ondutor.

2= ellular 4aterial, whih has losed void ells full or air - alium $iliate, ellular

'lass >oam 'lass=, )olyurethane oam >)#=, )olystyrene >Thermool=, et.

$ome times ast material like ement )laster or )laster of )aris are also used.

IN$#!TIN !99IN' - Insulation materials are generally soft or fragile. $o the

outer surfae of insulation are proteted with luminum sheet or 'I sheet

ladding.

Have a look at how

pipes are insulated,

and general

components ofinsulation

)i 4 t i l $ l ti t l t i t i t i l + d fl i fl id t


18/20

)ipe 4aterial $eletion - to selet appropriate pipe material +ased on flowing fluid property.

Find out type

of Fluidflowing

Check Pipe

lifeExpectancy

Select suitable

aterial perpractice !"ote#$%

Check at&

'isted in(esign Code

Pipe

aterial)*

+ES

See "ote#$

")Note-1 ? 4aterial is seleted per past e0periene with ost in

mind and per material listed in design ode. If material isnot listed in ode we may selet ne0t suita+le material

listed.

Find out

Fluid emp&- Pressure

)ipe $iing alulation - to selet re:uired pipe diameter +ased on veloity and pressure drop.

Find out

Flow volumeper second

Check .elocity

/llowable persecond

Calc& flow area

re0uired andPipe si1e

Calc& Press&

(rop for thatPipe si1e

Check Press&

(rop meetsPress& 2udget

Pipe

Si1e)*

+ES

3ncrease

Pipe Si1e

")

)I)" $T&"$$ N!@$I$


19/20

)I)" $T&"$$ N!@$I$

Inputs

'eometri layout of )ipe

)ipe supporting onfiguration

)ipe 9iameter and Thikness

)ressure inside )ipe

old and (ot temperatures of )ipe

Weight of )ipe and insulation

Weight of arrying luid

)ipe material )roperty >@oung8s 4odulus,

Thermal "0pansion oeffiient=

Thrust on pipe due to +lowing wind.

Thrust on pipe due to earth:uake

!oad of $now on pipe ny transient loading like $team (ammer

load

ny other load on the piping

Tools we use

)I)$@$ - is an integrated pipe stress

analysis module of )!9"$ 2AAA

"$"& - ommerial )iping analysis

software

There are many other ommerial software

availa+le

utputs

$tress of the pipe at various loadingonditions

!oad at various supports and restrains.

4ovement of pipe at support loations

)ipe terminal point loading.

odes and $tandards In general )ower )lant )iping have to

omply stipulations of $4" N$I %31.1

In India )ower yle )iping to omply I%&

ode re:uirements.


20/20

Types of )ipe $upports

There are three general types

&igid type >no fle0i+ility inthe diretion of restrain=

$pring type >llows pipe

movement in diretion of

loading=

9ynami $upport >9egree of

restrain depends on

aeleration of load=

There are two types of spring

support

5aria+le load type, here

support load hanges as thepipe moves.

onstant load support, the

load remains onstant within

some range of movement.

onstant !oad $pring

5aria+le $pring

& i g i d

( a n g e r

& i g i d

$ u p p o r t

9ynami $upport,

$nu++er

&igid $upport

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Epc Basics