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Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease
periodontal disease include all pathological conditions of the periodontium (gingiva, alveolar
bone, cementum and periodontal ligament)
Traditionally, periodontal disease classified into:
*gingival diseases
*Periodontal diseases
inflammation of the gingival tissues
- Early- reversible
can be treated with good oral prophylactic treatment & instructions in good tooth brushing & flossing technique.
- Moderate – not reversible.
- Advanced – not reversible
Periodontal Variables
The degree of inflammation of the gingival tissues. The degree of periodontal destruction. The amount of plaque accumulated. The amount of calculus present.
Incidence Number of new cases of a disease during a given interval of
time. In periodontitis, incidence means new sites of disease, even if
these occur in people who already have other diseased sites
Prevalence Is the overall proportion of the population who suffer from the
disease at a specific point in time.
Prevalence = # of cases at a particular time total population at that time
Severity Amount of attachment loss at diseased sites expressed
as a mean value.
Extent Proportion of tooth sites examined showing signs of
disease.
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Host factors
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Agentfactors
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Environm. factors
The prevalence & severity of the disease affecting by:
» Host factors
AgeSex
Race
Systemicdiseases
Intra-Oral variable
» Agent factors
Dental plaque
Calculus
CocciRods
Actinomyces-viscosusSubging. Supraging.
Actino bacillus Actinomyc.comitanss
» Environmental factors
Nutrition
EducationSocioeconomic
Geographic
Risk Factors RF is an environmental exposure, aspect of behavior or
an inherent characteristic which is associated with a disease.
Are associated with the onset or progression of a disease, not necessarily the causal factor.
Risk factors for periodontitis e.g. plaque, microbiota, oral hygiene and tobacco.
Determinants of Disease
Are Risk factors that cannot be modified: Age Gender SES Genetics
ETIOLOGY OFPERIODO
NTAL DISEASE
salivary factors and microbial colonization
based on the dietary factors
based on past experience
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