ERA 4 Europe

ERA 4: 1450 - 1750

Why 1450?

Printing press invented

Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks

America enters the global world (Columbian Exchange)

Why 1750?

Cut off right before impact of the Industrial Revolution

Cut off right before major world revolutions based on Enlightenment principles

BIG PICTURE EVENTS

The Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and New World become connected

Columbian Exchange

China withdraws from the world and becomes isolationists

Zheng He expeditions stopped in 1433

Ming policy shifts inward

Europe comes back strong

Renaissance, exploration and powerful maritime empires (Portugal, Spain, England and the Dutch)

BIG PICTURE EVENTS

Maritime empires dominate over land based empires

Labor systems are transformed

Indentured servants, encomiendas, mitasystem and African slaves

Gunpowder empires emerge and then weaken

Ottomans, Mughals, Safavids

Byzantine empire falls to Ottoman Turks and Russia emerges

EUROPE

Becomes the most dominant region

Reasons why Europe emerges from the Middle Ages

Gunpowder

Longbow

Crusades

Marco Polo

Black Death

printing press

EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE

Influence of Ancient Greece and Rome

Humanism

Art (Perspective, emotions, individuality, realism, bright colors)

Michelangelo (David, Sistine Chapel)

Da Vinci (Mona Lisa)

Raphael (School of Athens)

HUMANISM (SECULAR)

VENICE

GHIBERTI

LORENZO DE MEDICI

CASTIGLIONE

THE INTELLECTUAL & ARTISTIC RENAISSANCEVIDEO

NOTABLE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ARTISTS

Leonardo da Vinci

Raphael

Michelangelo

LAST JUDGEMENT

Donatello

NOTABLE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE ARTISTS

ROMAN VS. GOTHIC CHURCHES

HANSEATIC LEAGUE

Albrecht Durer

Jan van Eyck

Jan van Eyck was here - 1434

EUROPEAN LITERATURE

Paper learned from Arabs who learned it from Chinese

Battle of the Talas River

Shakespeare

Wrote in vernacular

Queen Elizabeth strong patron of the arts

EUROPEAN LITERATURE

Machiavelli

Italian

Wrote “The Prince”

A prince need not be held to religious principles

Do what is best for himself and the state