Ericsson's pt 5G network research - HTE What is 5G.pdf · title pt S title pt Ericsson's 5G network research Zoltán Turányi 5G Expert Ericsson Research, Hungary

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Ericsson's 5G network research

Zoltán Turányi 5G Expert Ericsson Research, Hungary

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…‰ ⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒ——’’““„„‡‡ĢĢ‹‹ĮĮİ≤≤fifiĻĻẁẁẅẅỳỳŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŜŜŠŠŢŢŤŤŦŦŨŨŪŪŬŬŮŮűűųųŸŹ−

ΆƃƄƅΌƇƈƉƊƋƌƎƏƐƑƒƓƔƕƖƗƘƙƚƛƜƝƞƟƠƢƣΆƃƄƅƨƩƪƫƬƭƮƯưƱƲƳƴƵƶƸƹƛƜƝƞƟƠơƢƣΌƇƈ

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Ericsson's 5G network research | © Ericsson AB 2016 | April 2016 | Page 2

Demand 2020

Devices &

Consumers

Applications

& Industry

Service

Providers

Network

…

…

…


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Industry transformation

Transformed

Industries Traditional Industries Digitalize & Mobilize


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5g USE CASES

SMART VEHICLES,

TRANSPORT

BROADBAND AND MEDIA

EVERYWHERE

SENSORS

EVERYWHERE

INTERACTION

HUMAN-IOT

CRITICAL CONTROL

OF REMOTE DEVICES

Infrastructure, monitor and control


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5G

1000x Mobile Data

Volumes 10x-100x Connected Devices 5x

Lower Latency

10x-100x End-user Data Rates

10 years Battery Life for Low

Power Devices

Source: METIS, Ericsson AB

Evolution Towards 2020

4G 3G 2G


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5G requirements

3GPP requirements expected in end-2016

IMT-2020 requirements expected finalized in mid-2017

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EηiΨθθδγ θšźgšΦεεηδΦΨh

5G as a

Global

Standard

System

view on

5G

LTE + new

5G radio

Standards,

Open Source

& industry

alliances

Industry

Collaborations

Academia

and Research

Institutes


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5G radio concept

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5G Radio Access ~2020

“NX” No compatibility constraints

“Existing” spectrum

Below 6 GHz

Tight interworking

“New” spectrum

Above 6 GHz

New spectrum below 6 GHz

LTE Evolution

1 GHz 3 GHz 10 GHz 30 GHz 100 GHz 1 GHz 3 GHz 10 GHz 30 GHz 100 GHz

Gradual migration

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NX Key technology features many also apply to LTE evolution

Access/backhaul integration

Integrated D2D connectivity

Massive beam-forming

System control

Flexible and scalable system plane

Ultra-lean design

User data

Flexible, scalable and future-proof design

Deployment

Multi-site coordination/connectivity

Flexible PHY

Use cases

Spectrum Energy efficient: minimize network transmissions

not directly related to user data delivery

Machine-type communication

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Ultra-lean design

Minimize network transmissions not directly related to user-data delivery

• Higher achievable data rates

• Enhanced network energy performance

• Future-proof design

• No ”always-on” refeference signals

• Minimum amount of ”always-broadcast

”system information

• ...

Ultra-lean Today

• Reference signals

• Broadcast system information

• ...

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NX PHY Design

High degree of symmetry

Low-power base stations similar to devices

Integrated D2D and radio based backhaul

Access schemes

Waveform

OFDM with flexible numerology

Time-domain structure Physical mapping enabling fast detection/decoding

Self-contained subframes

Avoid strict timing relations between subframes

Example:

TDD DL data RS

DL

ctrl

UL

ctrl

ACK/NAK, CSI, …

One short subframe (~100 of µs)

GP OFDM Mixed numerology

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Beam-centric NX design

• Self-contained data transmissions

• “Beam mobility” – mobility between beams rather than nodes

• System plane matched to beam-formed user plane

Beamformed transmission

To enable the capacity, data rate, and coverage needed in the 5G era

For both high and low frequencies

For both NX and LTE

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Access/backhaul integration

Access/Backhaul integration

› Same technology for access and backhaul

› Joint spectrum pool for access and backhaul

› More efficient utilization of available spectrum

› Reduced operation and maintenance effort

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Device-to-device Connectivity

• Device-to-device connectivity as a

further step of extreme

densification

• An integrated part of the overall

radio-access network

• Under network control

• When beneficial from an efficiency

or service-level point-of-view

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high frequency characteristics

Efficiency, dynamic range,

output power, antenna

element size, …

(Less of an issue for small cells)

Diffraction Outdoor-to-indoor

penetration

Rain/atmospheric

attenuation

Body loss

Tx power

limitations above 6 GHz

Propagation

Regulation Implementation

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15GHz 2GHz

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Combining low and high frequencies

essential for end user experience

NX/LTE interworking

Example of possible RAT selection

Terminal position

Data

rate

High frequency, larger BW

Low frequency, smaller BW

New

5G

RAT LTE

Tight interworking between LTE and NX is key to great end user experience

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› Leverage LTE deployments when deploying

NX on the higher frequency ranges

Coverage and performance reasons

› Support co-sited and non-co-sited

deployments

› Supported using dual connectivity solutions

excellent mobility support using control-plane

diversity

high user-plane throughput using user-plane

aggregation or fast switching (depending on the

scenario)

NX/LTE Interworking

Control-plane diversity

LTE NX

User-plane aggregation or fast switching

LTE NX

Site

LTE NX

Co-deployed

Site 1

LTE NX

Site 2

Different sites

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Wide Range of Requirements

Massive MTC

CAPILLARY NETWORKS

LOW COST, LOW ENERGY

SMALL DATA VOLUMES

MASSIVE NUMBERS

ULTRA RELIABLE

VERY LOW LATENCY

VERY HIGH AVAILABILITY

LOGISTICS, TRACKING AND FLEET MANAGEMENT

SMART

AGRICULTURE

SMART BUILDING REMOTE HEALTH

CARE

Critical MTC

SMART

METER

TRAFFIC SAFETY & CONTROL

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

& CONTROL

REMOTE

MANUFACTURING,

TRAINING, SURGERY


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Solutions for Cellular IoT

Broadest range of Cellular IoT capabilities

Wide range of bit rates enabling advanced

applications

NB-IoT

LTE CAT-M

GSM-EC

Scalable ultra low-end Cellular IoT solution

Ultra-low bit rates & extreme coverage

Native narrowband LTE solution

Efficient co-existence with MBB traffic

Leverage existing module eco-system

Global solution for Cellular IoT

Supported on legacy GSM equipment

GSM network efficiency

No GSM unique HW

GSM automation

OPERATE AS

NETWORK ONE Part of LTE

evolution to

5G

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Performance diversification on the road to 5g

Reduced Device Cost Improved Coverage Improved Battery Life

150

MBPS

300

MBPS

450

MBPS

600

MBPS

1

GBPS

LTE Cat 1

Power Saving Mode

(GSM & LTE)

LTE Cat 0 &

HD-FDD

LTE Cat-M

Extended DRX

(GSM & LTE)

NB-IoT (200kHz

Narrowband)

Extended Coverage

(GSM & LTE)

5G for connected industries | Ericsson Internal | © Ericsson AB 2015 | 2015-10-01

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› Example: LTE Rel-12 power-saving mode

UE performs periodic tracking area update (TAU) after which it stays

reachable for paging during a configurable time

Otherwise the UE stays in a power-off like mode, not reachable, but still

registered

Device Energy Efficiency

Reachability

(TAU cycle)

UL data inter-arrival time

15 min 1 hour 3 hour

15 min 9.2 years 10.0 years 10.2 years

1 hour 9.2 years 16.1 years 16.7 years

3 hour 9.2 years 16.1 years 19.4 years

› (Rel-8 LTE can achieve 1.1 years with max DRX cycle 2.56 s)

Cell edge, 64/84 kb/s UL/DL, 2xAA with 4% self-discharge

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Cost of Guaranteeing high Reliability

High reliability (e.g. 10-5 – 10-9)

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 10

-10

10 -8

10 -6

10 -4

10 -2

10 0

Fading Gain (dB)

CD

F

Rayleigh fading channel

90 dB

50-90 dB fading margin

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-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 10

-10

10 -8

10 -6

10 -4

10 -2

10 0

Fading Gain (dB)

CD

F

› Diversity may be obtained through

spatial diversity, and

frequency diversity

› Time diversity difficult due to latency

constraint

› Coding needed to fully exploit frequency

and transmit diversity

Redundancy through diversity

Diversity is key for ultra-reliable communications

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 10

-10

10 -8

10 -6

10 -4

10 -2

10 0

Fading Gain (dB)

CD

F

Div Order = 1

Div Order = 2

Div Order = 4

Div Order = 8

Div Order = 16

18 dB

90 dB

Rayleigh fading channel

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Network architecture

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5G ready Core Network components

VNF VNF

Management & Orchestration, Analytics & Exposure

Virtualization Software Defined

Networking (SDN)

Distributed Cloud Network Slicing

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Evolution of the converged network

Access/Mobility Service

Provider Core Devices/IoT Enterprise

IT/Cloud

Transport

Management & Control

Service Provider

IT Cloud

Applications

Cloud Infrastructure

Access

Mobile

Fixed

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Network Slicing

@

A common network platform with

dynamic and secure Network Slices

10-100X End-user Data Rates

5X Lower Latency

10-100X Connected Devices

10X Battery Life

1000X Mobile Data

Volumes

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network slicing

MBB Local Switching

Primary Aggregation Access Aggregation Radio-base Station Site

Antenna Location

Fro

nth

aul

HSS OSS

eNB PDN GW

Backhaul

MME PCRF

SGW

eNB

OSS

HSS

MME

PCRF

SGW PDN GW

Massive

MTC Local

Switching Primary Aggregation Access Aggregation

Radio-base Station Site

Antenna Location

Fro

nth

aul

HSS OSS

eNB SGW/ PGW

Backhaul

MME MME

SGW/ PGW

HSS

OSS

Mission

Critical

MTC Local

Switching Primary Aggregation Access Aggregation

Radio-base Station Site

Antenna Location

Fro

nth

aul

HSS OSS MME PCRF

eNB SGW/ PGW

Backhaul HSS

OSS

PCRF

SGW/ PGW

MME

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Network Slice Resources

ORCHESTRATION

Access

Network Slice Blueprints:

Mobile

Broadband

Industry

Automation

Enterprise

Communication

Massive

Sensors/Actuator

Media …...

……

…...

……

Nw Function OSS/BSS

Transport Cloud

Physical Resources

Service n

Health

Robotic communication

Premium Communication

Media

Network Slices

MBB Basic

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› The architecture shall be flexible

It shall not mandate certain combination and/or location of functions

Today we have to co-locate all functions of a node

Any change must go through 3GPP

Look, what it led to in case of LIPA or SIPTO

It shall not mandate the existence or lack of any function

Should be easy to add/remove functions

- E.g., no mobility support for this device

It shall be able to utilize distributed cloud (easy deployment of VMs)

It shall enable programmatic composition

Even on a per-flow basis

What is in the slice? - principles

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(Brief SDN aside) Data Plane Model

› The Data Plane Model is what the CP sees from the DP The DP presents itself as an abstract machine

The CP issues commands to this abstract machine

› Selection of the right DP Model is key for SDN Much more important than the protocol

Needs to be somehow standardized/specified for multi-vendor SDN

› Example: OF 1.0 The DP is capable of matching 15 fields and based on the result either forward or drop the packet or send it to the controller

OF also specifies a protocol

› Example: Forces No DP Model is specified (in forces called a Library of primitives)

Only a protocol is specified leaving the Library free


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DP Model Granularity

› High-level models

A few customizable (but perhaps complex) functions

Example: OpenFlow 1.x, Ethernet chips

Not very flexible, but probably enables high performance implementation

› Mid-level models

Small pieces of functionality composed by the Control Plane

E.g., IPv4 longest prefix match lookup, IPv4 header sanity check

Example: Forces, Some OF 2.0 proposals

Quite flexible, but still abstract, probably can utilize network processors, as well

› Low-level models

Fully programmable data plane

The Control Plane can download code

Need to address many low-level issues

- Memory layout, NPU specific instructions or properties (e.g., 64-bit?)

Example: assembly, P4

Absolutely requires network processors


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DP model Applicability

Network Area

Packet

Transport

Access &

Backhaul

Transport

Edge

Mobile GW/

IP Edge

CDN

DC networking

Optical

Transport

Different parts of the network

requires a different SDN approach.

“Distributed computing” Probably generic purpose CPUs & disks

• Distributed, mini-DCs

• Low-level model: full programmability

“Classic packet processing” Balance flexible and fast

• Moderate number of functions

• Mid-level model: compose fast

primitives

“Cheap silicon” High-level model with simple functions

• Can only do a few, fixed things

• But do them fast & cheap


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› Functionality in two conceptual layers

(Back to architecture) Principles

Actual functions (policing, QoS marking, DPI, charging, encryption (PDCP), mobility, parental control, cache, idle mode buffering,

virus filter, etc..)

Mobile Service Chaining (Functionality to chain these functions, execution optimization when co-located, support for context transfer at

mobility)

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› There are small processing functions chained together

Typically smaller than a VM/container

One VM/container processes many users

Co-located functions execute in an optimized way (zero copy)

› Collectively they implement core functions and more

Some service network stuff (e.g., parental control)

Some radio stuff (e.g., PDCP termination)

› A logically centralized control plane

Maps a user to a pre-established VM/container running the given function

Configures that function for the user

Controls chain forwarding

Requests scale-in/out

10K feet view

IAP

P1

P2

BS BS BS

UE

P3

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Example chains for a user

Local site

IP services

network

Central site IP services network

Internet

BS site

BS CL-UL

device F4

F1

peer

peer

F2

F3 IAP IAP

IAP

CL-DL

CL-DL

CL-DL

peer

SFF

SFF

SFF

SFF

peering

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PDN session + voice flow

LI AMBR

(BWPolicer)

PDN IF

APN-AMBR

(BWPolicer)

RA_DHCP

BBV

(Policer) PDCP

PDCP-2 BBV-2

(Policer)

MBR

(BWPolicer)

ULQoS-1

(QoSMark)

ULQoS-2

(QoSMark)

DLQoS-1

(QoSMark)

DLQoS-2

(QoSMark)

UL only

UL only

UL only

UL only

DL only

DL only

Radio IF

Radio IF-2

Beyond service chaining User Graphs

› Every user has (potentially) a unique graph

› This graph needs to be expressed

› The graph may change depending on events (e.g. adding an additional PDN connection)

› A fairly wide range of function size

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Research concept for core network

User

Plane

Control

Plane

External networks

(e.g. operator,

Internet)

Rx

Ç‹ UDR

Radio device

Ç‹ Session

Controller

Ç‹ Chain

Controller

Ç‹ LR

Ç‹ SF

Ç‹ SFF

Ç‹ IAP

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The new network Software principles

Infrastructure

vBIG vBIG vBIG

…

Classic NFV

Infrastructure

small

Platform layers

small

small

small

small

small

small

small

small small

small

Non-telco

Decomposition

Decomposing

• Data Plane

• Control Plane

• Analytics

• Applications

• Orchestration

“Same concept as microservices,

but different realization”

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Handover with ctx transfer

IAP

P1

P2

BS BS BS

UE

P3

› Functions support context extraction/insertion

› Controller can move contexts

Buffer for lossless handovers

Buffer more for lossess and reordering free

handovers

› Many levels potentially

› Other uses of live state migration

Rearrange centralized/distributed

Load balancing

Code upgrade

Scheduled maintenance

UE

P4 P4

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Balázs Pinczel, Dániel Géhberger, Zoltán Turányi, Bence

Formanek Towards High Performance Packet Processing for

5G,' IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization &

Software Defined Networks (IEEE NFV-SDN), November 18, 2015,

Los Angeles, USA

Procedure

› Implemented in Click

› How much intelligence at the DP

node?

› What to expose on the CP/UP

interface?

http://www.r.eth.ericsson.se/~ethzrt/publications/ieee-nfv-sdn-paper.pdf











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Analytics

› Collection and evaluation of data for the purpose of gaining insight

› A network is ideal target

Generates a lot of data

Correlation is required to really know what is going on

Insight is actually useful

› Recent advances in analytics enable real-time KPI calculation

E.g., correlate all events of a subscriber with momentary bandwidth to a “satisfaction index” ~100ms timescale

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The gap analytics and networking

Network Architecture

Analytics

Architecture

Analytics

Analytics

Separated location of data and action lack of analytics & business information in network actions

Moving data near to the action analytics driven, programmable network behavior

Analytics

Analytics

Analytics

Analytics

Network Near Analytics

Architecture Action

Action Action

Action

Action

Action Action

Action Control Data

Radio Radio

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Desired architecture

• Top level analytics extended with node

local components

• Flexible environment to deploy analytics

applications anywhere

• Enables closed loop use cases with

actions on network level

Analytics cloud

(includes EEA/SDK)

App#1

App#1

App#2

App#2 App#2

Local

Analytics

Local

Analytics

Local

Analytics

Local

Analytics

Local

Analytics

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Neighbor Cells

Record

Example data flow

UE Profile Record

Cell State Record

UE Session

Records

Cell Trace

RBS

Streamed (~3 kbps)

fetched

RBS

(~6 kbps)

(~10 kbps)

ESR: Extended Session Record

Analytics System

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› Analytics data as first class citizen in

network nodes

Base decisions on readily available KPIs

Not as an afterthought

Not 15 mins later

› Remove current information barriers

Currently data is distributed in the system

Certain parts not allowed to know parts

Legacy limitation due to performance

No need, we can do better now

Architecture impact

Core network

Policy & charging data,

subscriber IDs,

charging details,

….

Radio network

Radio situation & parameters

bottleneck congestion info,

location information,

….

bearer

abstraction

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EηiΨθθδγ θšźgšΦεεηδΦΨh

5G as a

Global

Standard

System

view on

5G

LTE + new

5G radio

Standards,

Open Source

& industry

alliances

Industry

Collaborations

Academia

and Research

Institutes


t

t

t






Documents

Ericsson's pt 5G network research - HTE What is 5G.pdf · title pt S title pt Ericsson's 5G network research Zoltán Turányi 5G Expert Ericsson Research, Hungary