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ERP Course: Production and MaterialsManagementReading: Chapter 6 from Mary Sumner
Peter Dologdolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dkE2-201Information SystemsSeptember 27, 2006
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Sales
Inventory
InventoryWithdr.
PurchasingOrdersTo Restock
ProductionPlanning
VerifiedOrders, Sales Forecasting
ProductDesign
ProductionExecution
New/customizedProductRequest
Items Costing
Resources forNew Products
DetailedProductDesign
ProductionPlans
SuppliersCustomer
Materials/Machines
FinishedProducts
Finishedand packagedproducts
Materials
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Material Requirements Planning
Identifying stock that planned production calls forDetermine the lead time to get the stock from suppliersCalculate safety stock levelsCalculate the most cost-effective order quantitiesProduce purchase order for needed stock items in the right
ammount
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Inventory
Goods and Material available at stock for useThree kinds (for sales):
• Raw materials• Work in Process Items• Finished Goods
Some companies also fixed assets (not directly used for sales)Stored in warehouses or shops for customersManaged and identified through the stock keeping units (SKUs)
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SKU
Is an identifier used for systematic tracking of products and services offered
It is attached to a billable item:• physical (item, variant, product line, bundle)• service, fee or attachment
Different for each variant or packaging of the same product
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Inventory Costs
Inventory is an asset on the company balance sheetAdditional costs:
• Space to store (e.g. rent)• Insurance• Utilities• Different inventory depriation schemes depending on a
country lawThese costs can be 1/3 – ½ of the priceTradeoff: to stock to little and to muchSome companies store more to inflate their apparent asset value
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Opportunity Costs
Costs connected with lost opportunity to sell itNeed not to be assessed in terms of monetary value
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Inventory Expenditures
When sold, the value of the inventory decreasesUsually value per itemFirst comes first goes for salesLast comes last goes sales
• Lower income, lower taxes
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Inventory in Navision
Item Journal – connection to sales, paurchasesBOM Journal – bills of materialsItem reclassification journal – shifting items between locations
and binsPhysical inventory journal – to maintain real values and physical
locations of itemsRevaluation journal – to change values of items
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Warehouse Activities
Bin contents managementReceiptsShipmentsProduct orders to manufactureRestock/Purchase ordersTransfer ordersItem movements and transfers
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Capacity Planning
To plan personnel, space, machines, and other productionfacilities to meet production goals
Requires precise information about human resources, BOM, goods-in-processs inventories, finished goods, lot sizes, status of raw materials, orders in the plant, lead time for orders
Master production schedule from sales forecastProduct design and development information systems
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Resource Planning
Pricing for unit of workPrice/Profit calculationResource capacitiesAllocation to jobs
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Strategies for Capacity Planning
Basic capacity plan includes number of workers, machines, shifts, utilization, and efficiency
Tries to deal with differences caused by customer demands and under/over utilized resources
Lead strategy (based on new customers)Lag strategy (based on reaching maximum capacity)Match strategy (based on tracking)
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Production
Set of customer orders which require productsThey issue a request for materials, human resources and
machines to perform the productionThe production is based on BOM, resource allocation and work
and machine centers utilizationThe activities in the production results from a product designThe quantities, resource allocation and capacity estimation
results from customer orders and sales forecasts
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Production Planning
Production forecastsPlanning worksheetsOrder planningRequisition worksheetsSubcontracting
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Production Forecasts
How many and which products are planed and in whichquantities?
How much does it cost?Where to get the parts from?
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Further plans
Purcahse ordersSubcontracting ordersDecomposition to capacity, resource and warehouse plansDecomposition into BOMRouting in the production between work centers and
warehousing (production process)
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Bill of Material (BOM)
Describes a product in terms of its parts and assembliesThis includes also packaging and labelsHierarchy with references to other BOMsImportant for parchasing and configurationDifferent types of BOMs (engineering BOM, manufacturing BOM,
ordered BOM, …)Different ways to display it (ident, matrix, modular, …)
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Production execution
Planned vs. real production timeMeasuring and controling activities at the manufacturing floorObserving productivity and qualityObserving consumption and outputFeedback to production and planningAdjustments according to changes in sales
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40Peter Dolog, ERP Course, Production and Materials Management Module
Sales
Inventory
InventoryWithdr.
PurchasingOrdersTo Restock
ProductionPlanning
VerifiedOrders, Sales Forecasting
ProductDesign
ProductionExecution
New/customizedProductRequest
Items Costing
Resources forNew Products
DetailedProductDesign
ProductionPlans
SuppliersCustomer
Materials/Machines
FinishedProducts
Finishedand packagedproducts
Materials