ES 102: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · ES 102: Lecture 1 Bireswar Das and ... Programming Language and Operating System ... Language A language that computers can understand. Programming

logo

ES 102: Lecture 1

Bireswar Das and Shivakumar Jolad

IIT Gandhinagar, India

August 27, 2013

Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 1 / 27

logo

Course Information


logo

Course Info

Course Instructors

Prof. Bireswar Das (S4 -218) : [email protected]

Prof. Shivakumar Jolad (S4-207) : [email protected]

Class Timings

Section C1 (Bireswar Das): Mon : 8-10AM, Th :11AM-1PM

Section: C2 (Shivakumar Jolad ) Tue: 3-5PM, Wed:8-10AM

Class room: Shed 3 - Computer lab

Class webpagehttp://piazza.com/iitgn.ac.in/fall2013/es102/home


http://piazza.com/iitgn.ac.in/fall2013/es102/home

logo

Academic Honor

Academic Honor PolicyAny student participating in any form of academic dishonesty and malpractice will besubject to sanctions as described in the institute’s policy on academic dishonesty.

Copying in Assignments/Quizzes/Exams will result in 0 points and may face other

disciplinary action.

Adherence to deadlinesDeadlines for assignments are strictly enforced. No extension will be given unless there is

health issue, family emergency or participating in an external academic/sports event

outside IITGN campus. In the last case, permission has to be taken in advance.

Attendance policyAttendance policy: Students who attend class regularly are most likely to succeed in the

course. In addition, portions of the material presented may not be in the textbook.

Attendance will be taken at random but frequent intervals.


logo

Course Credits

Quizzes : 4 quizzes, 12.5% each(Some of the quizzes may be surprise quizzes)

Mid-sem : 20%

End-sem : 30%

Project (optional for extra credit): 5 Marks.Should be done in groups of 5

Passing : Cumulative 40% or more


logo

Course contents

Basics of Computers, Operating System, Languages, Compilers,Interpreter.

A quick introduction to Linux operating system: Terminal, usefulcommands;

Programming Environments: Interactive interpreter, Scripts, IDE;Syntax, identifier, variables, operators.

Control flow: conditional, loops. Data types: Numbers, strings,lists/arrays etc. Functions: Scope of variables.

Recursions; Modular and Object oriented programming for solvingcomputational problems;

Scientific computation: data visualization, curve fitting.


logo

Outline

ComputersI Hardware

F Basic AchitectureF StorageF Input output devices

I SoftwareF ProgrammingF Operating system

ComputationI What is computationI Computation in Real WorldI Computer ScienceI Human Computer Interaction


logo

Computers


logo

Computer: Hardware

Microprocessor (CPU, ALU),BUS

Memory: RAM, ROM

Storage memory: Harddrive, Flash drive, CD ROM,DVD etc

Input devices: Keyboard,Mouse, Touch screen

Output devices: Displaymonitor, Audio


logo

Computer Architecture


logo

Computer Architecture

CPU central processing unit/microprocessor: Fetches and executesinstructions.

I Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).I Control Unit.I Internal clock- Timing, synchronization

Main memory: Holds instructions and data.I RAM: Random Access Memory. Volatile.I ROM: Read Only Memory.

Input/Output Devices: Keyboard, Monitor, Hard disk, USB.


logo

Memory

Memory (both RAM and ROM) can beview as a sequence of cells.

Each cell has a unique address.

Addresses are consecutive.

Each variable, array gets certainnumber of memory cells to store therespective values.

General Introduction to computingwww.ch.embnet.org/CoursEMBnet/Pages05/slides/IntroCompute.ppt


www.ch.embnet.org/CoursEMBnet/Pages05/slides/IntroCompute.ppt

logo

Memory and Address

1

BUS: Carrier of information

A 32-bit machine uses 32 bits to store the address of a cell. Each cellis 1 byte. How many different cells are possible?

How many cells are required to store a floating point variable?

1General Introduction to computingwww.ch.embnet.org/CoursEMBnet/Pages05/slides/IntroCompute.pptDas and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 13 / 27


logo

Input and Output devices

Input Devices

Keyboard : ASCII characters

Mouse : position ((x,y)corodinate ), movement(velcity), clicks

Track pad

Audio/Video in, Scanner

Output Devices :

Monitor, Projector screen

Printer,

Audio, HDMI output etc..


logo

Software Layers

General Introduction to computingwww.ch.embnet.org/CoursEMBnet/Pages05/slides/IntroCompute.ppt



logo

Programming Language and Operating System

Programming Language A language to communicate with thecomputer. Instructions are building blocks of a programminglanguage.

Program A set of instruction to perform a job.

Let x = 1000 and y = 729Let z = x + yOutput z

Operating System A bunch of programs that make it easy for us touse the computer.

Windows, Linux (Ubuntu), Mac OS X.


logo

Programming Languages

Low level (processor dependent)Machine code, assembler

High level: structured, proceduralFortran, C, Pascal

High level: object orientedC++, Java, C#, Perl, Objective-C

ScriptingPerl, Python , JavaScript


logo

Computing


logo

What is Computation?

Definition

“A technology for information processing.”

Definition

“Any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creatingcomputers.”


logo

Computation in Real World

Data Compression.

Cryptography.

Physics simulations (Particle Physics, Condensed Matter andStatistical Physics).

Computational Biology (Mathematical Biology, System Biology,Bioinformatics).

Engineering (Mechanical, Signal processing, Fluid Dynamics ,Structures, Process Engineering ....)

Finance and Economics.

Learning and Pattern recognition.

Weather Forecasting.

Cognitive Science.

....


logo

Spot The Difference

The first image size 344 kb, second image size 13 kb.

The computational process: Data Compression.


logo

Spot The Difference




logo

Spot The Difference




logo

Alice and Bob

Message

Cryptography: Science of encryption and decryption.

Applications: Banking, Internet, Authentication.

Computation: Algebraic and Number theoretic algorithms.


logo

Alice and Bob





logo

Alice and Bob





logo

Alice and Bob





logo

Alice and Bob





logo

Physics

Particle Accelators data

LHC-Analyze billions of particle collsion tracks

Higgs Boson!!

Simulation of Quantum many body systems, band structure, polymers


logo

Physics



Higgs Boson!!



logo

Physics



Higgs Boson!!



logo

Physics



Higgs Boson!!



logo

Physics



Higgs Boson!!



logo

Computational Biology

Sequence of amino acids. A, T, G, C. ...AATAGCTAGGAC...

Computations involve: String algorithms, Genetic Algorithms


logo





logo





logo

Finance and Economics

Predicting a future stocks value.

Computations involve: Statistical algorithms.


logo





logo





logo

Movie Recommendations

Computational process: Learning algorithm.


logo




logo




logo

Human-Computer Communication

A language that computers can understand.

Programming language.

The language should be very precise and without ambiguity.

Amit is happy that he visited Lothal.

I want good marks. He kickedthe bucket. Sar par aasman gir gaya!


logo


Computer Human

Communication

Language




Amit is happy that he visited Lothal. I want good marks.

He kickedthe bucket. Sar par aasman gir gaya!


logo


Computer Human

Communication

Language




Amit is happy that he visited Lothal. I want good marks. He kickedthe bucket.

Sar par aasman gir gaya!


logo


Computer Human

Communication

Language




Amit is happy that he visited Lothal. I want good marks. He kickedthe bucket. Sar par aasman gir gaya!


logo


Computer Human

Communication

Language






logo


Computer Human

Communication

Language






Documents

ES 102: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · ES 102: Lecture 1 Bireswar Das and ... Programming Language and Operating System ... Language A language that computers can understand. Programming