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ESPON Workshop: “How to make regions and cities more resilient to economic crisis” 11 th European Week of Regions and Cities Brussels, Tuesday 8 th October 2013 Andrew Copus , The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen. TiPSE T erritorial D imensions of P overty and S ocial E xclusion. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ESPON Workshop: “How to make regions and cities more resilient to economic crisis”
11th European Week of Regions and CitiesBrussels, Tuesday 8th October 2013
Andrew Copus, The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen
TiPSE Territorial Dimensions of Poverty and Social Exclusion
“Poverty” = Income poverty (usually)
• individuals/households
• quantifiable but relative.
- measured by ARoP rate
Social Exclusion = a broader, multi-faceted phenomenon.
• Affects groups
• Inclusion within labour market, administrative systems, community, institutions, democracy…i.e “normal citizenship”
• Essentially relational and defined by processes
• Very difficult to quantify
What do we mean by Poverty and Social Exclusion?
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Patterns of Poverty across Europe (2011)
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Acores
Guyane
Madeira
Réunion
Canarias
MartiniqueGuadeloupe
Zagreb
Valletta
Budapest
Bratislava
Roma
Riga
Oslo
Bern
Wien
Kyiv
Vaduz
Paris
Praha
Minsk
Tounis
Lisboa
Athina
Skopje Ankara
MadridTirana
Sofiya
London
Berlin
Dublin
Tallinn
Nicosia
Beograd
Vilnius
Kishinev
Sarajevo
Helsinki
Warszawa
Podgorica
El-Jazair
Stockholm
Reykjavik
København
Bucuresti
Amsterdam
Luxembourg
Bruxelles/Brussel
Ljubljana
Per Cent of Population
3.4 - 9.9
10.0 - 14.9
15.0 - 19.9
20.0 - 24.9
25.0 - 44.3
ARoP Rate: Share of population with less than 60% of the median equivalised household disposable income (after welfare transfers).
Source: Eurostat, Statistics Explained, Income distribution statistics,http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Income_distribution_statistics
The blue columns show the ARoP rate in 2011 (after welfare transfers).
The green coloured columns on top show what the ARoP rate would be in the absence of welfare transfers.
What are the implications of austerity programmes?
The importance of Welfare Policies…
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Before
After
Effect ofsocial transfers:
Patterns of change during the Crisis…
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Acores
Guyane
Madeira
Réunion
Canarias
MartiniqueGuadeloupe
Zagreb
Valletta
Budapest
Bratislava
Roma
Riga
Oslo
Bern
Wien
Kyiv
Vaduz
Paris
Praha
Minsk
Tounis
Lisboa
Athina
Skopje Ankara
MadridTirana
Sofiya
London
Berlin
Dublin
Tallinn
Nicosia
Beograd
Vilnius
Kishinev
Sarajevo
Helsinki
Warszawa
Podgorica
El-Jazair
Stockholm
Reykjavik
København
Bucuresti
Amsterdam
Luxembourg
Bruxelles/Brussel
Ljubljana
Change in At-Risk-of-Poverty Rate
>-0.25
-0.25 - 0.25
>0.25
# NUTS 2 Increasing
# NUTS 2 Decreasing
Background shading: comparison of the (national) average ARoP rates during 2005-07 and 2009-11.
Pies: Where NUTS 2 data exists for both periods the pies show the proportion of regions increasing (red) and decreasing (blue).
National/Regional ARoP rates mask complex local variation…
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...and across the UK...and across the UK
Some preliminary comments…
•4 “domains” – a) earning a living, b) access to basic services, c) social environment, d) political participation
•Labour market aspects well covered – other aspects (especially (d)) neglected.
•Harmonisation issues
•Different aspects (even within 4 domains) show different patterns (E-W, N-S, U-R)
•Combining these separate dimensions of SE would result in a meaningless map!
•Both analysis and policy need to recognise these different dimensions
Patterns of Social Exclusion…
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1. Need a much clearer understanding of the different dimensions of social exclusion, and their geography.
2. Are national/horizontal policies appropriate/sufficient to address complex patterns of regional/local differentiation in inequality?
3. A range of policy areas address poverty and social exclusion is there sufficient policy coherence?
4. How do different welfare approaches relate to “inclusive growth” – are they closely related/mutually reinforcing or independent/incompatible?
5. Austerity underlines the increasing importance of informal/voluntary local community-based solutions, - social innovation.
Implications for Response to the Economic Crisis
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