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Essential Question Essential Question How did the post WWII How did the post WWII baby boom impact the baby boom impact the United States? United States? 1. 1. Rapid increase in population Rapid increase in population 2. 2. Growth of suburbs Growth of suburbs 3. 3. More standardization of More standardization of culture culture 4. 4. Basis for today’s consumer Basis for today’s consumer culture culture

Essential Question How did the post WWII baby boom impact the United States?How did the post WWII baby boom impact the United States? 1.Rapid increase

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Page 1: Essential Question How did the post WWII baby boom impact the United States?How did the post WWII baby boom impact the United States? 1.Rapid increase

Essential QuestionEssential Question

• How did the post WWII How did the post WWII baby boom impact the baby boom impact the United States?United States?

1.1. Rapid increase in populationRapid increase in population

2.2. Growth of suburbs Growth of suburbs

3.3. More standardization of cultureMore standardization of culture

4.4. Basis for today’s consumer Basis for today’s consumer cultureculture

Page 2: Essential Question How did the post WWII baby boom impact the United States?How did the post WWII baby boom impact the United States? 1.Rapid increase

APUSHAPUSH

THE Late 1940s THE Late 1940s & Early 1950s:& Early 1950s:THE Late 1940s THE Late 1940s & Early 1950s:& Early 1950s:

““Anxiety, Alienation, and Anxiety, Alienation, and Social Unrest” Social Unrest” ????

““Conservatism, Conservatism, Complacency, and Complacency, and

Contentment”Contentment”OROROROR

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1A. Baby Boom1A. Baby BoomIt seems to me that every other It seems to me that every other young housewife I see is pregnant.young housewife I see is pregnant.

-- British visitor to America, -- British visitor to America, 19581958

1957 1957 1 baby born every 7 1 baby born every 7 secondsseconds

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1B. Baby Boom1B. Baby Boom

Dr. Benjamin Dr. Benjamin SpockSpock

and the Anderson and the Anderson QuintupletsQuintuplets

The Common Sense Book of Baby & Child Care published 1945

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2A. Suburban Living2A. Suburban Living

$7,990 or $60/month with no down $7,990 or $60/month with no down payment.payment.

Levittown, L. I.:Levittown, L. I.: “The American “The American Dream”Dream”

1949 1949 William LevittWilliam Levitt produced produced 150 houses per week. 150 houses per week.

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2A. Suburban Living:The New “American Dream”

2A. Suburban Living:The New “American Dream”

k 1 story high1 story high

k 12’x19’ living 12’x19’ living roomroom

k 2 bedrooms2 bedrooms

k tiled bathroomtiled bathroom

k garagegarage

k small backyardsmall backyard

k front lawnfront lawn

By 1960 By 1960 1/3 of the U. S. 1/3 of the U. S. population in the suburbs.population in the suburbs.

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22BB. Suburban Living. Suburban Living22BB. Suburban Living. Suburban Living

SHIFTS IN POPULATION SHIFTS IN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, DISTRIBUTION,

1940-19701940-1970

19401940 19501950 19601960 19701970Central CitiesCentral Cities 31.6% 32.3% 31.6% 32.3% 32.6% 32.0% 32.6% 32.0%SuburbsSuburbs 19.5% 23.8% 19.5% 23.8% 30.7% 30.7% 41.6%41.6%Rural Areas/Rural Areas/ 48.9% 43.9% 48.9% 43.9% 36.7% 26.4% 36.7% 26.4%Small TownsSmall Towns

U. S. Bureau of the Census.U. S. Bureau of the Census.

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2c. Suburban Living:The Typical TV Suburban Families

2c. Suburban Living:The Typical TV Suburban Families

The The Donna Donna Reed Reed ShowShow1958-1958-19661966

Leave It Leave It to Beaverto Beaver1957-19631957-1963

FatherFather Knows Knows BestBest

1954-19581954-1958

The Ozzie & Harriet The Ozzie & Harriet ShowShow

1952-19661952-1966

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3a. Consumerism3a. Consumerism

1950 1950 Introduction of the Diner’s Introduction of the Diner’s CardCard

All babies were potential consumers All babies were potential consumers who spearheaded a brand-new market who spearheaded a brand-new market for food, clothing, and shelter.for food, clothing, and shelter. -- Life -- Life Magazine (May, 1958) Magazine (May, 1958)

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3B. Consumerism3B. Consumerism

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4A. A Changing Workplace

4A. A Changing Workplace Automation:

1947-1957 factory workers decreased by 4.3%, eliminating 1.5 million blue-collar jobs.

By 1956 more white-collar than blue-collar

jobs in the U. S.

Computers Mark I (1944). First IBM mainframe computer (1951).Corporate Consolidation:

By 1960 600 corporations (1/2% of all U. S. companies) accounted for 53% of total corporate income.

WHY?? Cold War military buildup.

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4B. A Changing Workplace

4B. A Changing WorkplaceNew Corporate CultureNew Corporate Culture::

“The Company Man”“The Company Man”

1956 1956 Sloan Wilson’sSloan Wilson’s The Man in The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit the Gray Flannel Suit

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5A. The Culture of the Car

5A. The Culture of the Car

Car registrations: 1945 Car registrations: 1945 25,000,00025,000,000 1960 1960 60,000,000 60,000,000

2-family cars doubles from 1951-19582-family cars doubles from 1951-1958

1956 1956 Interstate Highway ActInterstate Highway Act largest largest public works project in American public works project in American history! history!

- President Eisenhower’s lasting accomplishment- President Eisenhower’s lasting accomplishment

Å Cost $32 billion.Cost $32 billion.

Å 41,000 miles of new highways built.41,000 miles of new highways built.

1959 Chevy 1959 Chevy CorvetteCorvette

1958 1958 PinkPink CadillacCadillac

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5B. The Culture of the Car

5B. The Culture of the Car

First McDonald’s First McDonald’s (1955)(1955)

America became a more America became a more homogeneous nation because homogeneous nation because of the automobile.of the automobile.

Drive-In Drive-In MoviesMovies

Howard Howard Johnson’sJohnson’s

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5C. The Culture of the Car

5C. The Culture of the Car

The U. S. population was on the move in the The U. S. population was on the move in the 1950s.1950s.

NE & Mid-W NE & Mid-W S & SW S & SW (“Sunbelt” states)(“Sunbelt” states)

1955 1955 Disneyland opened in Southern Disneyland opened in Southern California.California. (40% of the guests came from (40% of the guests came from outsideoutside California, most by car.) California, most by car.)

Frontier Frontier LandLand

Main StreetMain Street Tomorrow LandTomorrow Land

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6A. Television6A. Television 1946 1946 7,000 TV sets in the U. S. 7,000 TV sets in the U. S.

1950 1950 50,000,000 TV sets in the U. 50,000,000 TV sets in the U. S.S.

Mass Audience Mass Audience TV celebrated TV celebrated traditionaltraditional

American values. American values.

Television is a vast wasteland.Television is a vast wasteland. Newton Minnow, Chairman of the Newton Minnow, Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, Federal Communications Commission, 19611961

Truth, Justice, and the American way!Truth, Justice, and the American way!

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6B. Television – The 6B. Television – The WesternWestern

6B. Television – The 6B. Television – The WesternWestern

Davy CrockettDavy CrockettKing of the Wild King of the Wild

FrontierFrontier

The Lone RangerThe Lone Ranger(and his faithful(and his faithfulsidekick, Tonto): sidekick, Tonto): Who is that masked Who is that masked man??man??

Sheriff Matt Sheriff Matt Dillon, Dillon,

GunsmokeGunsmoke

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6C. Television - Family Shows

6C. Television - Family Shows

I Love I Love LucyLucy

The The HoneymoonersHoneymooners

Glossy view of mostly Glossy view of mostly middle-class suburban life.middle-class suburban life.

But...But...

Social Winners?... AND… Social Winners?... AND… Losers'?Losers'?

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7A. Teen Culture

7A. Teen CultureIn the 1950s In the 1950s the word the word “teenager”“teenager” entered entered

the American language. the American language.

By 1956 By 1956 13 mil. teens with $7 bil. to spend 13 mil. teens with $7 bil. to spend a year. a year.

1951 1951 “race music”“race music” “ROCK ‘N “ROCK ‘N ROLL”ROLL”

Elvis PresleyElvis Presley “The King” “The King”

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7B. Teen Culture

7B. Teen Culture““Juvenile Juvenile

Delinquency” Delinquency” ??????

Marlon BrandoMarlon Brando inin

The Wild OneThe Wild One (1953)(1953)

James DeanJames Dean in inRRebel Without a ebel Without a

CauseCause (1955) (1955)

1951 1951 J. D. Salinger’sJ. D. Salinger’s A Catcher in the RyeA Catcher in the Rye

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7C. Teen Culture

7C. Teen CultureThe “Beat” GenerationThe “Beat” Generation::

f Jack Kerouac Jack Kerouac On The RoadOn The Road

f Allen Ginsberg Allen Ginsberg poem, poem, “Howl”“Howl”

f Neal CassadyNeal Cassady

f William S. Burroughs William S. Burroughs

““BeatniBeatnik”k”

““Clean” Clean” TeenTeen

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7D. Teen Culture

7D. Teen CultureBehavioral Rules of the Behavioral Rules of the

1950s:1950s:U Obey Authority.Obey Authority.

U Control Your Emotions.Control Your Emotions.

U Don’t Make Waves Don’t Make Waves Fit Fit in in with the Group. with the Group.

U CONFORM to the CONFORM to the expectations of society.expectations of society.

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9A. Well-Defined Gender Roles

9A. Well-Defined Gender RolesThe The ideal modern womanideal modern woman married, cooked married, cooked

and and cared for her family, and kept herself cared for her family, and kept herself busy by joining the local PTA and leading busy by joining the local PTA and leading a troop of Campfire Girls. She a troop of Campfire Girls. She entertained guests in her family’s entertained guests in her family’s suburban house and worked out on the suburban house and worked out on the trampoline to keep her size 12 figure.trampoline to keep her size 12 figure. -- -- LifeLife magazine, 1956 magazine, 1956

MarilynMarilynMonroeMonroe

The The ideal 1950s manideal 1950s man was the provider, was the provider, protector, protector,

and the boss of the house. -and the boss of the house. -- - LifeLife magazine, 1955 magazine, 1955

1956 1956 William H. Whyte, Jr. William H. Whyte, Jr. The The Organization Man Organization Man

A a middle-class, white a middle-class, white suburban suburban male is the ideal.male is the ideal.

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10B. Progress Through Science10B. Progress Through Science

1957 1957 Russians launch Russians launch SPUTNIK SPUTNIK II

1958 1958 National National Defense Defense Education Act Education Act

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10C. Progress Through Science10C. Progress Through Science

UFO SightingsUFO Sightings skyrocketed in the skyrocketed in the 1950s.1950s.

War of the War of the WorldsWorlds

Hollywood used aliens as a Hollywood used aliens as a metaphor metaphor

for whom for whom ????

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10D. Progress Through Science10D. Progress Through Science

Atomic Anxieties:Atomic Anxieties:

““Duck-and-Cover Duck-and-Cover Generation”Generation”

Atomic Testing:Atomic Testing:

1946-1962 1946-1962 U. S. exploded 217 U. S. exploded 217 nuclear weapons over nuclear weapons over thethe Pacific and in Nevada. Pacific and in Nevada.

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The 50s Come to a CloseThe 50s Come to a Close

1959 1959 Nixon- Nixon-Khrushchev Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate”“Kitchen Debate”

Cold War Cold War ----->-----> TensionsTensions

<----- Technology <----- Technology

& Affluence & Affluence

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The postwar era witnessed The postwar era witnessed tremendous economic growth and tremendous economic growth and rising social contentment and rising social contentment and conformity. Yet in the midst of such conformity. Yet in the midst of such increasing affluence and comfortable increasing affluence and comfortable domesticity, social critics expressed a domesticity, social critics expressed a growing sense of unease with growing sense of unease with American culture in the 1950s.American culture in the 1950s.

Assess the validity of the above Assess the validity of the above statement and explain how the statement and explain how the decade of the 1950s laid the decade of the 1950s laid the groundwork for the social and groundwork for the social and political turbulence of the 1960s.political turbulence of the 1960s.

Class Discussion Topic:

Class Discussion Topic: