Essential Question

Why did the English establish colonies in North America?

English Colonies in America

Southern Colonies

Sir Walter Raleigh

Colony chartered by Queen Elizabeth

Sailed to the Outer Banks, NC

Landed on the island of Roanoke

Jamestown1606 – charter granted for the Virginia Company

Arrived in Virginia in 1607, established the settlement of Jamestown

Problems at JamestownColonists were townspeople

No farming, livestock experience

Upper class refused to work, hoped to get rich

Only 38 of the colonists made it through the first winter

Quote, Jamestown Survivor

“When our people were fed out of the common store and labored jointly . . . Glad was the man that could slip from his labor . . . Presuming that howsoever the harvest prospered, the general store must maintain them, by which means we reaped not so much corn for the labors of 30 men, as three men have done for themselves.”

John SmithEmerged as Jamestown’s leader

Began trading with local Indians, the Powhatan Confederacy

Helped colonists make it through the winter

Tobacco

John Rolfe brought seeds of tobacco from the Caribbean

Became the primary cash crop of Virginia

Virginia House of Burgesses

First representative government for the colonists

Right to elect an assembly and make own laws

Virginia River Plantations, 1640

GeorgiaJames Oglethorpe – asked the king for a colony for the poor

in debtor’s prison buffer between the

Carolinas and Spanish Florida

Savannah

New England Settlements

Puritans

Desired to purify the Anglican Church

Faced persecution by King James I

MassachusettsRoyal charter in 1629 granted to the Massachusetts Bay company

John Winthrop – led a group to Massachusetts in 1630 due to increased Puritan persecution in England

The MayflowerSet sail September 1620 – 102 passengers

Storm blew the ship off course and it arrived off the coast of Cape Cod

Decided to land at Plymouth

Quote, John Winthrop

“The Lord will make our name a praise and glory, so that men shall say of succeeding plantations: ‘The Lord make it like that of New England.’ For we must consider that we shall be like a City upon a Hill; the eyes of all people are on us.”

Religious Dissent

Puritans only allowed male Puritan church members to vote and participate in the governing of Mass. All residents were also forced to attend church services- regardless of church affiliationThis angered some church members These members left and founded two other

colonies

Founding of Rhode Island

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson challenged leadership of Massachusetts

Williams believed in religious tolerance

Hutchinson believed that womenhad a place in church leadership

Rhode IslandThey were forced to leave Mass and settle elsewhere

Established colony for religious reasons

Connecticut1636 – Thomas Hooker moved his congregation from Mass. to the Connecticut River ValleyWanted all men, not Puritan church members to be able to vote

The Middle Colonies

New Netherland/New YorkOriginally was called New Netherland 1609– Dutch sent

explorer Henry Hudson

He discovered the Hudson River Valley

Economy based on trade

New Amsterdam

Major settlement of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island

Other immigrants arrived as well

New York

1664 – King Charles II decided to seize New Netherland

Wanted it for trade income

Fur trade, wheat, rye

Pennsylvania

King Charles II granted William Penn land to pay off a debt

Penn was a Quaker, part of a persecuted religious group

PennsylvaniaPenn desired political and religious freedom

Legislative assembly elected by voters

Called his colony “The Holy Experiment”

Pennsylvania

Quaker settlersGermansScots-Irish

Lower counties purchased by Penn became Delaware