Chapter 9

European countries rushed to establish colonies

Louis XIV

• French king• One of the most successful absolute monarchs• Financial and social cost of absolute monarchy

was great

King Louis XIV

Charles I

• From England• Supported the Church of Rome• Wanted absolute power

Charles I

English Civil War

• Between Charles I and Parliament• Charles entered the House of Commons with

soldiers and tried to arrest them• They had escaped

• Oliver Cromwell lead the Parliament forces• Overthrew the king and • The king was tried and executed in 1649• Cromwell ruled until his death in 1658

Oliver Cromwell

Beheading of Charles I

• Cromwell set up a Protectorate (like a government)– It set up a constitution called the Instruments of

Government– People soon wanted another king

Charles II

• The son of Charles I• Asked by the people to become the king when

Cromwell died• He did not mess with Parliament but received

money from the French– In exchange he became Roman Catholic

Charles II

James II

• Brother of Charles II• He was a strong Roman Catholic, but he was

old so the people tolerated him• He did not have any boy children yet• When he had a son, they became worried that

they would have a Roman Catholic on the throne for many years to come

James II

Glorious Revolution

• The people asked James II daughter and her husband to take the throne. They were protestant

• James II fled England rather than fight• This transfer of power without a fight is known

as the glorious revolution

William of Orange and Mary

• To gain the throne, Parliament made them sign the English Bill of Rights– This set limits on royal power– Provided basic rights for the English people– Prevented future ruler from being Roman Catholic

William and Mary

• The colonists in America demanded on the same civil rights that the English were getting with the English Bill of Rights