1 Samuel 16-31

1 Samuel 16-19Establishment of the Monarchy 1The Anointing of David 16:1-13God had rejected Saul as King of IsraelThe Anointing of David 16:1-13Now theLORDsaidtoSamuel, "Howlongwill yougrieveoverSaul, sinceI haverejectedhim frombeing kingoverIsrael?Fillyourhornwithoilan go; I willsendyou toJessetheBethlehemite, for I have selectedakingfor Myself among hissons.1 Samuel 16:1The Anointing of David 16:1-13God had rejected Saul as King of IsraelCompare I have selected a king with Appoint them a king from 8:22God sends Samuel to BethlehemThe town elders feared SamuelThey had perhaps heard of the slaying AgagThe SanctificaionSamuel sanctifies Jesse and his sons 16:5Samuel saw Eliab and thought this was Gods choiceBut theLORDsaidtoSamuel, "Do notlookat hisappearanceor at theheightof hisstature,becauseI haverejectedhim; forGodsees not asmansees, formanlooksat theoutwardappearance,but theLORD looksat theheart.1 Samuel 16:7The Sanctification and ChoosingSamuel sanctifies Jesse and his sons 16:5Samuel saw Eliab and thought this was Gods choiceGod has not chosen any of the sons present with Jesse that dayJesse then brings David to SamuelGod tells Samuel This is heSamuel anoints David

The transfer of Power from Saul to David 16:16-14The Spirit of the Lord came upon DavidSamuel departs from DavidThe Spirit of the Lord departs from SaulAn evil spirit comes upon SaulDavid Plays his HarpSauls servants suggest a man to play for him when the evil spirit comes upon himSaul sends for DavidSaul made David his armor bearerWhen Saul felt the evil spirit come upon him David played and the spirit departed 16:23What did David play?The instrument,kinnor,translated "harp" in the King James Version of the Bible, was not a harp at all, but alyre.The other stringed instrument David played,nevel, translated"psaltery"by the KJV, was likewise not a psaltery or zither and it may not have been a true harp either.

What did David play?According to Josephus (1st century A.D.) thekinnorhad ten strings, theneveltwelveThekinnoranciently had a rectangular or trapezoidalsoundboxand two curved arms of unequal length joined by a crossbar It was played with the fingers or with aplectrumNevelseems to mean "skin-bottle", perhaps because of its shape. Because the strings enter the top of the soundbox, it is more of a harp-lyre than thekinnor,whose strings stretch over a bridge on the side of the box in a lyre-like wayThekinnorotandnevelim(plural terms), with their light framework and high tension strings, produced enough volume to compete with rams' horns, trumpets, and cymbals, and were used in bothsacredandsecularsettings, accompanying choirs and soloists as well as song and dance.The Challenge of Goliath 17:1-22Goliath's Challenge (vv.1-11)Confrontation: Philistines and Israelites Face Each Other; Goliath Appears (vv.1-7)Challenge: Goliath Defies the Ranks of Israel (vv.8-10)Consternation: Saul and Israel Are Dismayed and Terrified (v.11)David Witnesses Goliath's Challenge (vv.12-39)Confrontation: David Appears in the Israelite Camp; Philistines and Israelites Face Each Other (vv.12-22)Challenge: David Hears Goliath Defying the Ranks of Israel (v.23)Consternation: David Converses With the Fearful Israelites, His Angry Brother, and an Indecisive Saul (vv.24-39)David Meets Goliath's Challenge (vv.40-54)Confrontation: David and Goliath Face Each Other (vv.40-41)Challenge: David and Goliath Summon Each Other; David Kills Goliath (vv.42-51a)Consternation: Philistines Flee From Israelites (vv.51b-54)consternation/knstrnSHn/NounFeelings of anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexpected.Synonymsdismay - terror - fright - amazement

13GoliathThe portrayal of Goliath is probably the most detailed physical description ever given in scriptureGoliathGoliaths height was six cubits and a span The most commonly accepted is the idea that a cubit was the measurement from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow, or about 18-21 inches A span was the distance between the tip of the pinky finger and the thumb, about half a cubit, which equals about 9 inchesGoliath was about 9 feet 9 inches tallGoliathHe had a coat of armor that weighed 5,000 shekels (1 Samuel 17:5)That armor would have weighed about 125-150 poundsThe tip of his spear, which weighed 600 shekels, would have been about 15 poundsThe picture, then, that we are given is of a man about 9 feet tall, who wore armor that weighed more that most 150 pounds, and who carried a spear that had a tip which 15 poundsOther GiantsThe Giant Og had a bead 13 feet longThe ancient historian, Herodotus, wrote about a man named Artachaees, who was the biggest man in Persiaabout 8 ft 2 ins. highand had the loudest voice in the world Wrestling fans will recall the huge stature of Andre the Giant, who weighed in at about 500 pounds and reached a height of 7 feet 4 inches tallOne of the tallestNBAplayers in history, Gheorghe Muresan, who stands 7 feet 7 inches and can virtually dunk a basketball without jumpingThe tallest man documented in modern times, Robert Pershing Wadlow, On June 27, 1940, he was measured to be 2.72 meters or 8 feet 11.1 inchesRobert Pershing WaldowGROWTH CHARTAgeBirth6 mos.11 1/25891012141618202122.4HeightN/RN/RN/RN/R5' 4"6'6' 2"6' 5"6' 11"7' 5"7' 10"8' 4"8' 7"8' 8"8' 11.1"Weight (lbs)8.5304567105169180210241301374391488492439

Goliaths Challenge"Whydo youcomeout todrawup inbattle array? Am I not thePhilistineand youservantsofSaul?Chooseamanfor yourselves and let himcomedownto me. Ifhe isabletofightwith me andkillme, then we willbecomeyourservants; butifIprevailagainst him andkillhim, then you shallbecomeourservantsandserveus. Again thePhilistinesaid , IdefytheranksofIsraelthisday;giveme amanthat we mayfight together.1 Samuel 17:8-10David Hears and Fights GoliathWhatwill bedonefor themanwho killsthisPhilistineandtakesawaythereproachfromIsrael? ForwhoisthisuncircumcisedPhilistine, that he shouldtauntthearmiesofthelivingGod?1 Samuel 17:26

Goliath responds to DavidThePhilistinesaidtoDavid, "Am I adog, that youcometo me withsticks?" AndthePhilistinecursed Davidby hisgods. ThePhilistinealsosaidtoDavid,"Cometo me, and I willgiveyourfleshto thebirdsof theskyand the beastsof thefield.1 Samuel 18:43David Responds to GoliathThenDavidsaidto thePhilistine, "Youcometo me with asword, aspear, and ajavelin,but Icometo you in thenameof theLORDofhosts, theGodof thearmiesofIsrael,whomyou havetaunted."ThisdaytheLORDwilldeliveryou up into myhands, and I willstrikeyoudownandremoveyourhead from you. And I willgivethedeadbodiesof thearmyof thePhilistinesthisdayto thebirdsof theskyand thewildbeastsof theearth,thatalltheearthmayknowthatthereis aGodinIsrael, and thatallthisassemblymayknowthattheLORDdoes notdeliverbyswordor byspear;for thebattle is theLORD'Sand He willgiveyou into ourhands.1 Samuel 18:46-47

The BattleDavid ran toward GoliathDavid kills Goliath with a stone from a slingDavid cuts of Goliaths headProbably as a trophy for SaulJonathan and David 18:1-4Jonathan loved DavidThey were nearly of the same ageThe prince had taken little interest in David as a minstrel; but his heroism and modest, manly bearing, his piety and high endowments, kindled the flame not of admiration only, but of affection, in the mind of JonathanSaul had David installed as a permanent resident of the courtJonathan and David 18:1-4Jonathan and David mad a covenantSuch covenants of brotherhood are frequent in the East. They are ratified by certain ceremonies, and in presence of witnesses, that the persons covenanting will be sworn brothers for lifeJonathan gave David his robeTo receive any part of the dress which had beenwornby a sovereign, or his eldest son and heir, is deemed, in the East, thehighesthonor which can be conferred on a subjectSaul becomes Jealous 18:5-16On the return of a victorious army, bands of women and children issue from the towns and villages, to form a triumphal procession, to celebrate the victory, and, as they go along, to gratify the soldiers with dancing, instrumental music, and extempore songs, in honor of the generals who have earned the highest distinction by feats of gallantry The Hebrew women, therefore, were merely paying the customary gratulations to David as the deliverer of their country, but they committed a great indiscretion by praising a subject at the expense of their sovereignSamuel 18:7-9 Thewomensangas theyplayed, andsaid, "Saulhasslainhisthousands,AndDavidhistenthousands."ThenSaulbecameveryangry, forthissayingdispleasedhim; and hesaid, "They haveascribedto Davidtenthousands, but to me they haveascribedthousands. Nowwhatmorecan he have but the kingdom?SaullookedatDavidwithsuspicionfrom thatdayon.Saul Tries to Kill DavidNow itcameabout on thenextdaythatanevilspiritfromGodcamemightilyuponSaul, andheravedin themidstof thehouse, whileDavidwasplayingthe harp with hishand,asusual; andaspearwas in Saul'shand. Saulhurledthespearfor hethought, "I willpinDavidto thewall." ButDavidescapedfrom hispresence twice.1 Samuel 18:10-11Saul sends David Away 18:13-16Saul sent him away from the court, where the principal persons, including his own son, were spellbound with admiration of the young and pious warriorSaul made him captain over a thousandHe gave him a military commission, which was intended to be an honorable exile. But this post of duty served only to draw out before the public the extraordinary and varied qualities of his character, and to give him a stronger hold of the people's affections.Saul offers David his daughter 18:17-30Saul offers Merab to DavidThough bound to this already (1Samuel 17:25), he had found it convenient to forget his former promiseHe now holds it out as a new offer, which would tempt David to give additional proofs of his valorSaul broke his pledge at the time when the marriage was on the eve of being celebrated, and bestowed Merab on another man an indignity as well as a wrong, which was calculated deeply to wound the feelings and provoke the resentment of DavidChiastic Structure of 18:20-26Michalss love for David pleases Saul-20Saul wants David to fall to the Philistines-21Saul sends a message to David-22-23aDavid sends a message to Saul-23b-24Saul wants David to fall to the Philistines-25Becoming the Kings son-in-law pleases David-26Saul conspires against DavidMichal loved DavidSaul saw that he could use this to his advantageSaul did not require any dowryNeither David nor his family were in circumstances to give a suitable dowry for a princess, the king intimated that he would be graciously pleased to accept some gallant deed in the public serviceSauls Desire of DavidSaul wants one hundred foreskins from the PhilistinesSaul's willingness to accept a public service had an air of liberalityWhile his choice of so difficult and hazardous a service seemed only putting a proper value on gaining the hand of a king's daughterSaul covered unprincipled malice against David under this proposal, which exhibited a zeal for God and the covenant of circumcisionDavids responseDavid slew two hundred Philistines and presented their foreskins to SaulThe number was doubled, partly to show his respect and attachment to the princess, and partly to oblige Saul to the fulfillment of his pledgeSaul become more afraid of DavidDespite Sauls jealousy, trickery, and oppression, Davids conduct remained exemplaryHe supported properly constituted authorityHe behaved himself wisely~18:30He did not repay evil for evil