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Combining Teaching Combining Teaching Linguistics and Listening Linguistics and Listening

Skills through Technology Skills through Technology

Johanna Katchen (Johanna Katchen ( 柯安娜柯安娜 ))

National Tsing Hua UniversityNational Tsing Hua University

http://mx.nthu.edu.tw/~katchenhttp://mx.nthu.edu.tw/~katchen

katchen@mx.nthu.edu.tw katchen@mx.nthu.edu.tw

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The CourseThe Course Varieties of English Varieties of English (( 英語方言英語方言 ), elective ), elective

linguistics course for English majors in linguistics course for English majors in their third/fourth year of undergraduatetheir third/fourth year of undergraduate study.study.

In this type of linguistics course, it is In this type of linguistics course, it is necessary to listen to the different varieties necessary to listen to the different varieties as one of the most salient differences among as one of the most salient differences among varieties is their pronunciation and to some varieties is their pronunciation and to some extent intonation.extent intonation.

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In this one-semester course we will look at In this one-semester course we will look at English as it is spoken in different parts of English as it is spoken in different parts of the world. We begin with some varieties the world. We begin with some varieties you may be most familiar with regional and you may be most familiar with regional and ethnic varieties of American English and ethnic varieties of American English and also Canadian. also Canadian.

We then spend a short time on the Englishes We then spend a short time on the Englishes of the British Isles where English began: of the British Isles where English began: RP, Cockney, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, and RP, Cockney, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, and then see how this English was transported then see how this English was transported to Australia, New Zealand, and South to Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Africa.

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After this, we look at how English is spoken After this, we look at how English is spoken in West Africa and among Blacks in South in West Africa and among Blacks in South Africa and observe the relationship of these Africa and observe the relationship of these varieties to English as it is spoken on varieties to English as it is spoken on various islands of the Caribbean. various islands of the Caribbean.

Finally we move to Asia and hear the Finally we move to Asia and hear the British-based Englishes of India and British-based Englishes of India and Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong; and the American-based, Spanish-Kong; and the American-based, Spanish-influenced English of the Philippines. We influenced English of the Philippines. We conclude with a sample of some nonnative conclude with a sample of some nonnative varieties of English.varieties of English.

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Our goals for this course are threefold. Our goals for this course are threefold. First, you should learn something about First, you should learn something about how the different varieties of English how the different varieties of English developed and the historical and developed and the historical and sociological factors that influenced that sociological factors that influenced that development. development.

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Second, you should learn something of the Second, you should learn something of the linguistic features that characterize the linguistic features that characterize the varieties we look at and the underlying varieties we look at and the underlying linguistic principles involved in the linguistic principles involved in the linguistic changes we will observe.linguistic changes we will observe.

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Third, you should become better listeners, Third, you should become better listeners, by becoming both more sensitive to the little by becoming both more sensitive to the little details of the language you hear around you details of the language you hear around you every day and also more tolerant of and less every day and also more tolerant of and less disturbed by the differences exhibited by disturbed by the differences exhibited by different varieties and even by different different varieties and even by different individuals.individuals.

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MaterialsMaterials Trudgill, P., & Hannah, J. (1985). Trudgill, P., & Hannah, J. (1985).

International English: A guide to varieties International English: A guide to varieties of Standard English. Second Edition. of Standard English. Second Edition. Edward Arnold.Edward Arnold.

McCrum, R., MacNeil, R, & Cran, W. McCrum, R., MacNeil, R, & Cran, W. (1986). The Story of English. BBC Books.(1986). The Story of English. BBC Books.

McArthur, T. (2002). Oxford Guide to McArthur, T. (2002). Oxford Guide to World English. OUP. (reference)World English. OUP. (reference)

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Much material will also come from the Much material will also come from the teacher's personal audiotapes and teacher's personal audiotapes and videotapes. We will be starting with the videotapes. We will be starting with the video video American TonguesAmerican Tongues, and continuing , and continuing with excerpts of videos that accompany with excerpts of videos that accompany The The Story of EnglishStory of English. For British English we . For British English we will use the video will use the video Talking ProperTalking Proper..

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Lectures will be illustrated with audio and Lectures will be illustrated with audio and video excerpts of the variety under study to video excerpts of the variety under study to point out various linguistic features.point out various linguistic features.

Classroom materials will be available for Classroom materials will be available for review on the university's e-learn system.review on the university's e-learn system.

Videotaped copies of Videotaped copies of The Story of EnglishThe Story of English are also available in the self-access lab.are also available in the self-access lab.

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CalendarCalendar Weeks 1 – 5Weeks 1 – 5 Varieties of American Varieties of American

English (Boston, New York, Mid-Atlantic, English (Boston, New York, Mid-Atlantic, Canadian, Appalachian, Midwest, Canadian, Appalachian, Midwest, Southern, Black English). Materials: Southern, Black English). Materials: American Tongues, and Chapters 6, 7, American Tongues, and Chapters 6, 7, excerpts 3, 4, 5 from The Story of English; excerpts 3, 4, 5 from The Story of English; Chapter 1 from International English; tape-Chapter 1 from International English; tape-recorded excerpts.recorded excerpts.

Week 6Week 6 TEST ONETEST ONE

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Weeks 7 – 9Weeks 7 – 9 Varieties of the British Isles. Varieties of the British Isles. Materials: Talking Proper; Chapters 3, 8 Materials: Talking Proper; Chapters 3, 8 The Story of English; Chapters 2, 3, 4 from The Story of English; Chapters 2, 3, 4 from International English; other video excerpts.International English; other video excerpts.

Week 10 TEST TWOWeek 10 TEST TWO

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Weeks 11-12, Australian, New Zealand, Weeks 11-12, Australian, New Zealand, White South African. Materials: Chapter 8 White South African. Materials: Chapter 8 The Story of English; Chapters 5 from The Story of English; Chapters 5 from International English; other video excerpts.International English; other video excerpts.

Weeks 13, 14Weeks 13, 14 (Black) African and (Black) African and Caribbean varieties. Materials: parts of Caribbean varieties. Materials: parts of Chapters 1, 6, 9 The Story of English; Chapters 1, 6, 9 The Story of English; Chapter 6 International English; other Chapter 6 International English; other video excerpts.video excerpts.

Week 14 TEST THREEWeek 14 TEST THREE

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Weeks 15, 16, 17Weeks 15, 16, 17 English of India, English of India, Pakistan, Malaysia/Singapore, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Malaysia/Singapore, Hong Kong, Philippines; Nonnative varieties. Materials: Philippines; Nonnative varieties. Materials: Chapter 9 The Story of English; Chapter 6 Chapter 9 The Story of English; Chapter 6 International English; other video excerpts.International English; other video excerpts.

Week 18Week 18 TEST FOURTEST FOUR

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The Story of Arthur the RatThe Story of Arthur the RatThis story was created by linguists to This story was created by linguists to

elicit contrasts in the different elicit contrasts in the different varieties of American English.varieties of American English.

For the full text click For the full text click Arthur the Arthur the Rat.pdfRat.pdf

Click to hear examples from Click to hear examples from Boston.mp3Boston.mp3, , New York.mp3New York.mp3, and , and South Carolina.mp3South Carolina.mp3

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Features of Indian EnglishFeatures of Indian English Syllable timing Syllable timing Purer vowels Purer vowels Non-rhotic Non-rhotic Bright [l] Bright [l] Retroflex consonants ([t], [d], [n] made on the roof Retroflex consonants ([t], [d], [n] made on the roof

of the mouth) of the mouth) th as [t] and [d] th as [t] and [d] Exchange of [w] and [v] Exchange of [w] and [v] Special intonation pattern Special intonation pattern Special grammatical use (e.g., progressive terms, Special grammatical use (e.g., progressive terms,

standard tag “is it?”; “only” as an intensifier) standard tag “is it?”; “only” as an intensifier) Special vocabulary Special vocabulary

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Example from Indian EnglishExample from Indian English

View the text View the text The Perfect Murder text The Perfect Murder text excerpt.htmexcerpt.htm

Listen to the audio Listen to the audio The Perfect Murder excerpt.mp3The Perfect Murder excerpt.mp3

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Student CommentsStudent Comments

I want to let you know that your course is I want to let you know that your course is one of those enjoyable courses  I have ever one of those enjoyable courses  I have ever enrolled in.  You have the magic to turn enrolled in.  You have the magic to turn dreary subjects into interesting ones by dreary subjects into interesting ones by supplying multimedia materials.  And I am supplying multimedia materials.  And I am very fond of them. very fond of them.

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I watched the movie--I watched the movie--DrumlineDrumline yesterday, yesterday, twice. The actors and actresses are all black twice. The actors and actresses are all black people, except one, I think. I could hear people, except one, I think. I could hear some features of Black English, for some features of Black English, for example, post-vocalic [r] dropping and final example, post-vocalic [r] dropping and final consonant cluster simplification. That was consonant cluster simplification. That was interesting. Maybe to watch a movie is a interesting. Maybe to watch a movie is a good way to listen to different English good way to listen to different English varieties, as long as you know where an varieties, as long as you know where an actor or an actress comes from. Anyway, actor or an actress comes from. Anyway, thank you for the whole semester, the thank you for the whole semester, the course was very interesting!course was very interesting!

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I joined a drum and bugle corps, in the I joined a drum and bugle corps, in the summer vacation, we flew to the US to join summer vacation, we flew to the US to join the 2005 DCI Summer Music Games. In the the 2005 DCI Summer Music Games. In the tour, I met some people from other teams. tour, I met some people from other teams. There was one of them came from There was one of them came from Wisconsin, I noticed that he did not open his Wisconsin, I noticed that he did not open his mouth very much, and I sometimes could mouth very much, and I sometimes could not understand what he had said! Some of not understand what he had said! Some of them came from South Africa, I noticed the them came from South Africa, I noticed the unaspirated p, t, k when they spoke English. unaspirated p, t, k when they spoke English. I also heard they were speaking Zulu and I also heard they were speaking Zulu and Afrikaans. That was interesting.Afrikaans. That was interesting.

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The varieties covered in the course were The varieties covered in the course were very helpful. I was really glad to learn a very helpful. I was really glad to learn a bit about the Indian and African bit about the Indian and African varieties since they are rather foreign to varieties since they are rather foreign to Taiwanese students. I met a person from Taiwanese students. I met a person from India online the other day, and my India online the other day, and my knowledge of a bit of the Indian variety knowledge of a bit of the Indian variety they use seemed to have pleased him. they use seemed to have pleased him.